Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Monika Delfierro
Seattle University
Dr. Yamamura
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 2
an institution’s ability to retain our students toward college completion while also providing the
opportunity for our students develop and demonstrate self-authorship and confidence. As an
emerging student affairs practitioner, my own definition of student success and inclusive
excellence encompass retention and the holistic development of all students, especially those
from marginalized identities (students of color, LGTBQ+, non-traditional students, etc). Digging
deeper, success to each student is different and their experience in higher education will differ
from one another. We can look at the best practices from other institutions, but we must also
consider our student demographics, mission, and culture of our institution and see how we can
adapt/change for the benefit of all our students. Per Schuh et. al (2011), it is the responsibility of
student affairs practitioners to, “help students attain their educational and personal development
goals” (pp. 258). However, when sharing the success of an institution and goals of student’s
success, assessment is important in a role on not only showing how successful an institution or
department is at achieving their goals but looking at assessment in ways of improving their
practices toward student development. Kuh et. al (2010), states that assessment of “student
learning to solve problems and improve performance will also raise the public’s confidence in its
academic institutions.” (pp.4). The assessment made an impact on student success at institutions
through academic decisions, policies, programs, and practices. Even in our own divided
departments at institutions, we rely on assessment for the success and growth of our programs
and the benefits for our students. Furthermore, understanding who is going to look over the data
and those can be to folks who hold institutional influence (Board of Regents/Trustees,
assessment and student success, I visited three different institutions and interviewed 10 student
affairs professionals.
(UMass Lowell), Middlesex Community College (MCC), and Highline College (HC). Each of
the institutions had their own unique programs and initiatives which promoted student success on
their own campuses by exhibiting their own best practices methods of assessment in tracking
resources, visits, and growth for their programs and the institution.
UMass Lowell is a four-year mid-size public institution located in a small area outside of
Boston in Lowell, Massachusetts making it an urban campus which attracts commuter and local
students. Founded in 1894, but did not become a part of the UMass system until 1991, it is 1 of
the 5 schools in the UMass system. The university began as the Lowell Normal School, a
teaching college and then Lowell Textile School, in 1895 to train technicians and managers for
the textile industry. Lowell, Massachusetts is also known as the “Mill City” and there are several
mill factories in the city today. “Over the next 75 years, both institutions extended their offerings
to meet the growing needs of the region (uml.edu, 2017). This is important to know as a lot of
the industrial history of Lowell, has influenced the architecture of the institution, but as well as,
serving the growing population of folks who were moving to Lowell for work in the mill
factories. Lowell State and Lowell Tech, as they were then known, merged in 1975 to form the
University of Lowell and then became a part of the UMass system in 1991.
With an estimated 17,000+ students enrolled, and 4000 students living on campus,
Lowell Riverhawks pride themselves on their ranking amongst the top 100 public national
universities in the US (uml.edu, 2017). UMass Lowell takes on programs and initiatives in the
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 4
success and retention of their students from orientation to graduation, with an 86% graduation
rate of their undergraduate students (uml.edu, 2017). For example, at UMass Lowell, there is a
department that focuses just on the transition of students from orientation to graduation. The
Center for Learning and Academic Support Services (CLASS) provides tutoring, degree pathway
advising, transfer support, and strategies for success courses. The mission of CLASS is, “…is to
enhance the educational experience by easing the transition into UMass Lowell. We create a
climate of collegiality and a sense of community and collaboration among students, faculty, and
staff in an environment that fosters and encourages creativity, growing independence, and
academic success.” (uml.edu, 2017). I interviewed four student affairs professionals from various
departments at UMass Lowell, one of the programs that I saw as being the most influential was
The STARFISH – Early Alert Program at UMass Lowell was implemented in Fall
2012 as a tool to help improve student success and retention (uml.edu, 2017). It allows faculty at
the Center for Learning at UML the ability to notify retentions specialist such as Douglas
Cooper, about the at-risk status of students. Professionals use the term at-risk status for students
who may be falling behind in classes, low attendance, or any demonstration of disruptive
behaviors in the classroom. An example, STARFISH– Early Alert program includes Advisors
taking the time to meet 1:1 with the student regularly to gain an understanding of the factors
inside and outside of the classroom which are affecting the student. The advisor that I met with
talked about the importance of understanding the different levels of support and communication
for each student. A few examples shared include students identifying as low-income, students
juggling multiple responsibilities, or students having attendance issues due to long commutes. By
identifying these students, they can seek help not only academically, but mentally and
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 5
emotionally. Many of the students in his caseloads are students who identify as first-generation,
low-income, and/or commuter. For students who identify as first-gen, which are also most
students of color, lacked a developed system for studying and navigating through college (Kemp,
2016). Doug and his colleagues support the students by providing connection and resources (i.e.
counseling, tutoring, clubs) to get them back on track. In addition, this allows him to see any
gaps that the student may have missed or was not presented during orientation or in the
classroom. Furthermore, Doug and his colleagues manage the follow-up action piece with
students and coordinates as needed with another faculty and staff. Starfish instructors can also
send kudos, which are positive messages of recognition and/or encouragement (uml.edu, 2017).
This gives a sense of hope and words of affirmation for the students. The STARFISH– Early
Alert program is a program that aligns itself with the mission of CLASS in providing academic
From the STARFISH– Early Alert program, building relationships with faculty, and other
campus partners, it is important to keep records on how the program and students are doing.
When asked about assessment, specifically for STARFISH– Early Alert, Doug, talked about how
the assessment piece was left to a colleague and he primarily focuses on the advising. However,
through his own assessment, Doug, sees how many students he sees per quarter, the common
themes, and track their individual improvement. The STARFISH – Early Alert program is
another way of advocating for students and supporting them through their challenging transition
into UMass Lowell. In addition, not holding the label of “at risk” students change the view of
them to their faculty and title that holds on to a student. It shows that UMass Lowell values the
One of the challenges of this program is getting faculty participation with both the
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 6
STAFISH– Early Alert program and assessment. Doug expressed that some faculty do not see
the same purpose/outcome of the program or do not want additional work. It is argued that
assessment for faculty from a student affairs perspective, historically has had challenges because
of the differences in goals (i.e. academic outcomes vs. holistic development). Faculty feel
overburden and pressed to fulfill, “increasing number of tasks and responsibilities” and seeing
assessment as additional work (Kuh et. al, 2010). In combating difficult faculty, Doug finds
incentives for faculty to get on board with using STARFISH. In addition, with STARFISH being
run by a third party, sometimes gathering the needed data can be difficult because it may not be a
feature or option developed yet by the company. Students are met with an overall advisor to help
them get back on track whether it’s on grades (i.e. providing tutoring services), attendance (i.e.
advising conversation or looking at where they live and where their classes are), and other
The STARFISH – Early alert system at UMass Lowell program serves a great purpose, however,
a way that it can be improved is to start using more inclusive language, especially in the
STARFISH database system. They do a great job with their programs and the purpose of
supporting students toward student success, however, using terms such as “First-year” versus
Freshmen makes a difference towards a more inclusive environment. Especially, for the
STARFISH-first alert program they could change the wording categories (i.e. First-year, not just
male or female options, preferred names) so as they are meeting with students they know how to
address them and accepting of who they are coming into the institution. Leslie Wong, the
Director of the Office of Multicultural Affairs, whom I also interviewed at UMass Lowell, state
that the university is slowly moving toward inclusive practices and social justice focus across
campus. There are times when both Leslie and Doug talked about their efforts with faculty or
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 7
other staff members about the importance using the proper pronouns that the students salient
identify with. As most initiatives, it is a campus-wide effort to get the institution and its students
on board with a program, policy, and/or initiatives. Furthermore, this also helps move assessment
assessment tools (not created by the university) and gathering the proper data for those students.
I believe that the STARFISH – EARLY program serves a great purpose in supporting the whole
student and that they need to be successful both academically and personally.
Since much of the STARFISH program is used at four-year institutions, I can also see the
STARFISH program working well at community colleges. Since the student population at a
community college are gradually non-traditional, commuter, first-gen, students of color, and
students from marginalized backgrounds the STARFISH program can also help them in being
successful at their time at the community college. Most of these students may not know what
kind of help they need or not understand they are failing out of a course. I can see offices like
academic services (i.e. academic advisors), college pipeline programs (i.e. TRiO), and
counseling centers are willing to support students who are falling behind and notified by the
STARFISH program.
The second institution I visited was Middlesex Community college in Lowell, MA.
an Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander Serving Institution (AANAPISI).
AANAPISI’s came in throughout the 1990s and 2000s to support the educational needs of Asian
American and Pacific Islander students, similar to a History Black College (HBCUs) (Schuh et.
al, 2011). MCC was founded in 1970 and has grown to become one of the largest community
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 8
colleges in Massachusetts. Middlesex serves over 12,000 students and offers opportunities for
mission of Middlesex Community College is to, “provides access to affordable education for a
diverse community from all ethnic backgrounds and identities, preparing individuals for success
opportunities, and empower all learners to become productive and socially responsible members
of our local and global communities.” (middlesex.edu, 2017). MCC takes pride in the diverse
student body it serves and the three student affairs professionals that I interviewed all work to
One successful initiative includes the development of the new that AANAPISI center. This was
once a faculty lounge but has since been converted to a new space which supports the needs of
students who identify with the Asian-American, Native American, and Pacific Islander
community. Lowell has one the highest Cambodian population in the United States (City of
Lowell, 2016). The AANAPISI center focuses on programming, advising, retention, and training
through cultural awareness, competencies, and training for staff and faculty at MCC. In addition,
creating strong ties with community partners within the Lowell area and surrounding cities for
sponsorship and references for students is a priority. In addition, Cherry Lim, the program
coordinator talked about the best way of getting to know their students is by learning about their
community and seeing where they come from. Building connecting with the community and
community is a huge part of API identities. Understanding and learning where our students are
coming from help us understand more about them, their influences, and purposes of attending
TCC. Understanding more about what we can do to support them through their educational
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 9
Assessment with the AANAPISI center is crucial as their grant funding from the U.S.
Department of Education is dependent on their assessment data. With just a staff of two, a
Director and Program Coordinator, it is imperative that data is tracked on the involvement that
happens with the center, this includes. This information both provides data to support grant
funding but also identifies areas of improvement and successes. In addition, is this information
for their grant, but it is also for them to see what is doing well and needed areas of improvement
for the center. Assessment work at Minority-Serving institution’s (i.e. MCC) focuses primarily
on series the internal interests and needs (Montenegro & Jankowski, 2015). MCC is supportive
of the AANAPISI center and understanding the importance of a space and representation for
those students on their campus. The grant is also what provides funding for the pay of both
students and professional staff. Aside from the quantitative data, the interviewee talked about the
importance of student narratives being added to their assessment reports. Numbers can only
show you so much, but having written letters or quotes from students about how much the center
means to them is also important data. One example of gathering student comments is by using
surveys with open-ended questions. Surveys are an efficient way to gather a wide range of
information about the student experience (Kuh et. al, 2010). Leaving open-ended questions,
allow students to reflect on their experience and share through their own words. This type of data
is important for Cherry because she sees how surveys allow an outlet for a student’s voice when
One way the AANAPISI center can improve and support their assessment efforts is to
focus on cross-collaboration across departments at MCC. After interviewing with Cherry Lim,
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 10
she talked about how the AANAPISI center sometimes feels siloed from the rest of the
institution and would love to build partnerships with other campus partners. This way they can
grow in programing, but as well as, bringing awareness of the API and NA communities on
campus. Program visibility is important and one way of accomplishing that is by building
connections through collaboration with campus partners. This will allow for other departments to
learn about the AANAPISI center, co-market events, resources, and most importantly learn more
about that API population at MCC. In addition, when you have campus understanding of your
organization or program they can support in the advocating for funding and support from
Adaptability of the AANAPISI program is only specific to institutions that serve a certain
percentage of students who hold identity as API and low income. The purpose of the AANAPISI
grant is to aid Asian American and Native American Pacific Islander-serving institutions to
improve and expand their capacity to serve those students. (U.S. Department of Education,
2017). However, the model and space of the center can be implemented at other institutions who
are also recognized as minority-serving institutions. Creating a visible space for students of color
provides the opportunity for them to feel represented and acknowledged on their campus.
Cherry, talked about how she loves the fact the AANAPISI center is an open and large space
visible within the student center which is the hub of the institution. She wants to make sure that
students can see the space. Implementing this style of center at large institutions such as UW
Seattle would be great because of the larger population of the student body. In addition, for many
first-gen students of color attending a larger campus can create anxiety and be overwhelming.
Even having specific spaces for different ethnicities can be comforting for students, especially,
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 11
during their stages of racial identity development. Learning more about themselves and being
Highline College
The third institution I visited was Highline College (HC), a two-year public college in
Des Moines, Washington which offers both associate degrees, training, certificates and bachelor
degrees. Highline College is also recognized as an AANAPISI institution and is the most diverse
higher education institution in the state, with over 70% students of color (highline.edu, 2017).
Founded in 1961 and as the first community college in King County, the institution continues to
promote and support a learning and work environment which ensures social justice, mutual
elimination of discrimination based on biological sex, gender identity and expression, sexual
orientation, race, ethnic background, national origin, class, economic status, age, military and
veteran status, disability, language, culture, and religious beliefs. Approved by the Highline
Having interviewed three student affairs professionals, one of the most successful
programs is the TRiO program. TRiO Advisor and Retention Specialists, Eileen Jimenez, talks
about the importance of the TRiO program and how it has helped so many of the students at
Highline toward competition and transferring to a 4-year institution. The TRiO program acts as
the pipeline to the job force & continuing education, specifically for students from marginalized
backgrounds (i.e. low income, students of color, and/or first gen). One of Eileen’s roles is
helping students see their worth and potential by utilizing theories such as Yosso’s Cultural
Wealth model. Model minority and imposter syndrome are seen a lot with her students, which
Hierarchy of Need, and what recourses she can help provide or direct students to (i.e. on-campus
food pantry).
The TRiO program is also federally funded by the U.S. Board of Education similar to
MCC and assessment data is also important to capture the work that the TRiO program does to
stay funded. When asked about the importance of assessment to keep their funding and support,
Eileen, talked about how assessment became a part of the office culture. As an office, they make
sure they are gathering data from programs/events, times when students visit the center and
tracking where their students go after graduation. This is important not only for their office but
One of the key dimensions of TRiO is making the mission and priority of student success a
student affairs professionals to provide out of the classroom support for students, it is also up to
the faculty and administrators. For example, the TRiO program could collaborate with the Office
of Multicultural Affairs and the Student Activities offices to help get students not only prepared
for their time after at Highline, but develop community, skills, and involvement on campus.
Having Astin’s (1985) student involvement theory, the more the students are involved on their
campus at any capacity their chances of retention and completion are higher (Patton et. al, 2016).
There are many pipeline programs like TRiO at community colleges across the country.
Programs like TRiO would benefit students at four-year institutions to help during their
transition to college and creating opportunities for internships, jobs, networking, and building a
community. Since TRiO servers specifically first-gen students, I can see this program also
working at Seattle University, as other programs are pushing for recognition and visibility of
first-gen faculty and staff for students to connect with. Currently at Seattle University, under the
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 13
Student Success and Outreach office, there is a First-Gen College students page that talks about
the “I’m the First-Gen Campaign” and an SU publication that shares the stories of first-
generation college students (seattleu.edu, 2017). Though a great start and campaign, I believe a
program or office like TRiO would contribute to the success and retention of our first-gen
students of color. These programs and initiatives serve the same students and this can enhance
cross-campus marketing campus to students to utilize these resources. Assessing the holistic
Assessing the individual institutions and programs, I connected them to three SDA
learning outcomes; understanding students and student issues (#2), adapting student services to
specific environments and cultures (#5), and utilizing assessment, evaluation, technology, and
research to improve practice (#7). SDA learning outcome #2 can be tied to the STARFISH
program and how retention specialists. An example of SDA learning outcome #5, both the
AANAPISI center and the TRiO program. As mentioned above both the AANAPISI center at
MCC and the TRiO program at HC cater to specific student demographics (low-income, students
of color and first-generation) and creating spaces for their holistic development and success.
They use assessment to understand their students, where are the gaps, and understanding the
importance of multicultural competencies in their roles. The example that the STARFISH
program at UMass Lowell has is supporting students by working with faculty and campus
partners to support “at risk” students. Students who have hidden disabilities, for example, will be
worked with to make sure they are provided the additional tools and resources to be successful
Learning outcome #2, understanding students and student issues are met through the
assessment tools from the data gathered by surveys. The student affairs practitioners at all three
institutions utilized assessment tools to gather data on their programs and their students. To see
where are the gaps, which student population is missing, and how can they grow from there. The
AANAPISI center at MCC utilizes assessment tools to see what areas are API students
struggling or affecting them at MCC, in addition, utilizing student surveys to get student
responses on what the AANAPISI center means to them. This data is used in understanding the
importance of the space and finding out how did the students find out about this center and what
brings them to want to utilize the space. TRiO is also another example of how this learning
outcome is met through assessment work. As Eileen and her colleagues track students in their
TRiO program at Highline this allows for them to use the data to advocate for resources, funding,
and student issues with evidence that can be presented to the Board of Education and
The third learning outcome, utilizing assessment, evaluation, technology, and research to
improve practice overlaps with #2 and #5. At all three institutions, each of the professionals
talked about the importance of assessment and research is to their practice. TRiO, for example,
tracks who uses the space, their e-mails, students they specifically work with, and programs
they’ve hosted. At MCC, Cherry utilizes evaluation forms after programing and semester review
to see what is working and what needs improvement. In addition, how to attract more students to
their programing and center, if their attendance was low. Doug uses research of best practices
from other institutions and from scholarly articles in dealing with at-risk students to support them
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 15
during advising. These were examples of how these student affairs practitioners and their
Conclusion
Student success and inclusive excellence is the common goal for all student affairs
professionals even if we all have different definitions and ways of saying it. However, for the
importance of assessment and the student success, depending on who the data is meant for, the
balance between what we define as student success can be different from others. Dr. Jonathan
Brown, the Assistant Dean of Students, at Highline College said the key to assessment is making
sure that the data we are gathering is mission-aligned data whether it's to our department and
institution. When we bring back to the mission and purpose of the work we do, we will know
based on data where our gaps are and what is working well. We must make our ways of looking
support our students. Furthermore, the more we put meaning and intentionality into our
assessment, we are less likely to experience assessment fatigue. Continuously doing assessment
data to just do it, will bring burden to faculty and staff, in addition, burden our students and will
lose interests after being asked to take more and more surveys (Kuh et. al, 2016). In addition,
looking at who are the students we are serving and who are we are missing from this data. Each
other the three programs above have shown and continue to do amazing things to support
students toward student’s success and inclusive excellence. There is always room for growth and
with that, we can find ways to tailor these similar programs at other institutions.
Reflection
Having spent my summer and best practices course on the east coast has been a rewarding
experience. It was interesting in visiting different institutions on the east coast and my third visit
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 16
being an institution in the west coast and seeing the difference. For UMass Lowell and
Middlesex how they measured student success through assessment was looking at not only
quantitative data but qualitative data. The student comments, their stories, and the power of the
student’s narrative and the impact it has on a program and the staff. I also saw the importance of
the student narrative especially, when sometimes students do not want to fill out surveys, and it
is when you have 1:1s or create conversation do you hear how the student feels about a specific
space, program, or about the institution. Even though student narratives can be a challenge to
capture, it is still important to include in our assessment report as student affairs practitioners. As
for Highline between all three professionals, as mentioned above, they defined student success as
students can gain about the importance of self-authorship/self-actualize. Similar to Doris and JB,
many of the students that they serve to come in need the tools, resources, and support from their
programs to get them through school and build their confidence to provide for themselves and/or
families.
This was exemplified by my internship experience at UMass Lowell; I was able to see the
benefits of assessment and the impact it has on the future of a program while also providing
support for the need for training and achieving student outcomes in orientation. Having visited
three different institution types and thinking about my previous and current institution
minority-serving institutions. I believe in the great work that small institutions work with,
especially with the small number of students and the greater impact. Community colleges was a
surprise for me because, before this program, I did not see myself working at a community
college. The reason is that there is always a negative connotation when folks hear community
college. However, visiting both Highline and Middlesex, reminded me of the important work that
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 17
community colleges and SA Pros at cc's do. Understanding that there is a different level of need
of resources and support because of the type of student demographic that community colleges
wish I had known more about the AANAPISI center at Highline when I was a student. I did not
dive more into my racial identity development till later in college and it has influenced a lot of
where I am today as an API higher education and student affairs professional. Kuh et. al (2010)
argues that there is no “single blueprint” for student success and one thing that might work at
school A might not with school B, C, or D. This was important especially, from my experience
as a woman of color, Asian-American, first-generation and low-income which are the identities I
hold when I walk into a space on a college campus. What resources, opportunities, or policies are
in place for me to succeed like my white privileged classmates? My success as a student was not
based on being able to graduate in four-years, but being able to develop personally and
From this experience, it has influenced my future professional practice and what I will
carry on not only for my last year of this program but beyond. Assessment again is an essential
part of our field and as a future professional will need to grow in in that skill set. Hearing about
how different student affairs pros take on assessment for their department has shown me
different best practices styles that I can carry this with me. For example, from Doris Martinez,
looking at learning outcomes as a way of assessment in asking what did the students take away
from the program or resources. Getting creative and being open to changing methods of
collecting assessment data. In moving forward, I know this year at my graduate assistantship I
will be asking to take more initiative in assessment data focusing on alumni engagement. It is
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 18
also important as practitioners we rely heavily on research and assessment to influence our work,
so we to think critically when looking at different models or data. For example, looking at who
were the subjects (students) that they assessed and/or how the assessment was dispersed. In
addition, when implementing best practices from their studies, making sure they are adapting it
I’ve grown so much from this experience and I am greatly appreciative of each of the
student affairs professionals for taking time of their day to meet with me. I’ve learned so much
from each professional and institution, as well as, what each institution does that uniquely works
in supporting their students. Most importantly, what I also took away from this experience is that
no matter what position you are in your career, you are always learning. I made to meet different
Students, all talk about how they are always learning from their staff, institution, and of course
the students. Student demographics are always changing and shifting for years and year,
assessment has been a tool for many of them to see what is working for specific cohorts or
generations of incoming students. Even when transition between institutions during your career,
Cherry Lim, at MCC, talks about having to unlearn what she knew from her previous institution
because she was now working with a whole different student population.
Though this course was challenging due to balancing my NODA internship and not
having a car on the East Coast, I’ve also learned the importance of open communication and
prioritizing my time as a graduate student. That is something I must keep on track as I finish off
my last year in the SDA program. Though my focus and book choice was Kuh’s, I do want to
read the Manning text and learn more about my development as a future practitioner. As I
continue through my last year of the program, I will continue to work on myself as a leader,
STUDENT SUCCESS FOR INCLUSIVE EXCELLENCE 19
student, advisor, classmate, and colleague. I am transitioning into a new role as I’ve mentioned
above and this year I will not only learning a new functional area, but as well as, learning about a
new office culture, work environment, and being an advisor to 5 undergraduate students at
Seattle University. After this program and I transition into student affairs professional through
the job hunt, try to learn more about an institution, their mission, and their initiatives toward
student success and inclusive excellence. Seeing how my own values, goals, and definition of
student success aligns with theirs to create a great fit for myself and the department. This course
gave me the opportunity to expand my network and knowledge within the field to be a better
References
Kemp, A. D. (2016). The Classic Action Survey: An assessment instrument designed to evaluate
Kuh, G.D., Kinzie, J., Schuh, J.H., Whitt, E.J, & Associates. (Eds.). (2010). Student success in
college: Creating conditions that matter. Thousand Oaks: Jossey Bass (Kuh Student
Success Book)
Kuh, G., Ikenberry, Stanley O, Jankowski, Natasha, Cain, Timothy Reese, Ewell, Hutchings, Pat,
& Kinzie, Jillian. (2014). Using Evidence of Student Learning to Improve Higher
Middlesex Community College. (2017). Retrieved from Middlesex Community College website:
https://www.middlesex.mass.edu/
Montenegro, E., & Jankowski, N. A. (2015). Focused on what matters: Assessment of student
Patton, L., Renn, Kristen A., Guido-DiBrito, Florence, & Quaye, Stephen John.
website: https://www.uml.edu/