DESIGN EXAMPLES — REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS OF A 12 STORY FRAME-SHEAR-WALL BUILDING 325 considered, the two frames with walls take 96% of the shear at the base in the transverse direction. To illustrate the design of two typical beams on the sixth floor of an interior frame, the results of the analy- sis in the transverse direction under seismic loads have been combined, using Equation 9-2, with results from a gravity-load analysis of a single-story bent including these beams. The results are listed in Table 9-4, Similar ‘values for typical exterior and interior columns on the second floor of the same interior frame are shown in Table 9-5. Corresponding design values for the struc- tural wall section at the first floor of frame T-3 (see Figure 9-46) are listed in Table 9-6. The last column in Table 9-6 lists the axial load on the boundary elements (the 26 x 26-in. columns forming the flanges of the structural walls) calculated according to the ACI re- quirement that these be designed to carry all factored Joads on the walls, including self-weight, gravity loads, ‘and vertical forces due to earthquake-induced overturn- jing moments. The loading condition associated with this requirement is illustrated in Figure 9-43. In both Tables 9-5 and 9.6, the additional forces due to the effects of horizontal torsional moments corresponding to the minimum ANSI-prescribed eccentricity of 5% of the building dimension perpendicular to the direction of the applied forces have been included, Itis pointed out that for buildings located in seismic zones 3 and 4 (.e,, high-seismic-risk areas), the detailing requirements for ductility prescribed in ACI Appendix ‘Avhave to be met even when the design of member is ‘governed by wind loading rather than seismic loads. 2. Design of flexural member AB. The aim is 10 determine the flexural and shear reinforcement for the ‘beam AB on the sith floor of a typical interior trans verse frame. The beam cartes a dead load of 3.7 kips /ft of span and a live load of 1.95 kips/ft. The critical design (factored) moments are shown circled in Table 9-4, The beam has dimensions 6 = 20 in. and d= 21.5 in, The slab is 8 in. thick. {= 4000 Ib/in? and fy = 60,000 Ib fin? In the following solution, the boxed-in section num- bers at the right-hand margin correspond to those in ‘ACT 318-83. (a) Check satisfaction of limitations on section dimen- width 20° depth ~ 15 =093>03 OK. > Win. OK. & (width of supporting column +1.5 x depth of beam) = 26 +15(21.5) = 58.25in. OK. width = 20 in, Table 9-5 Summary of Design Moments and Axial Loads for Typical Columns on Second Floor of Interior Transverse Frames along Lines 3 through 6 (Figure 9-85a) T I TI aa i 2nd 1.40 + 4.7L (92a) wm | U=| 0750.40 + 1.741.876) (@2) 090 = 1.496 (20) 28 9-2: ‘Sidosway to right -26 15-9 1205 ‘Sidosway to lett 270 12089317 oe: ‘Sidesway to right -me 425 at 957 4148-181 Sidoeway to let Heo 101 +120 5-168 +161 “incuang maar cavespurdng Foran Yrional haus du fe minimum sonyaneaeccenty326 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES ‘Table 8-6 Summary of Design Loads on Structural Wall Section at First Floor Level of Transverse Frame along Line 2(or7) (gure 946) (oz ister) (2) "se (ez) iar saa Moron? onbounsay teas hear siement ee pe tee ‘ape 02 Nomina Nominal 2506 10% oo ss.280 (aime) toe 2508 ar *Gtee'ononag canaon soa nPiure 8 (b) Determine required flexural reinforcement: (1) Negative moment reinforcement at support B: Since the negative flexural reinforcement for both beams AB and BC at joint B will be provided by the same continuous bars, the larger negative moment at joint B will be used. In the following calculations, the effect of any com- pressive reinforcement will be neglected. From C= O85f'ba = T= Af, AS, 604, “9385/7 (0.85)(4)(20) o4,4(4- 5) (357)(12) = (0.90)(60).4, x [21.5 ~ (0.5)(0.8824,)] Ab = 48.154, + 179.9 = 0 = 0.8824, M, < OM, A,= 4.02 in? Alternatively, convenient use may be made of design charts for singly reinforced flexural mem- bers with rectangular cross-sections, given in standard references.°"® Use four No. 9 bars, A, = 4.0 in2 This gives a negative moment ca- pacity at support B of 6M, = 355 ft-kips. Cheek satisfaction of limitations on reinforce ment ratio: A 40 bd ~ GO)Q15) iS 0.0033 0.0093 = = 0.0093 > Pain = — ty and |, Gn (plus standard 90° hook located in confined region of column). For the No. 9 (top) bars (bend radius > 5d,), (60,000)(1.128) i» | evan ~ Hin &* ) (81.128) = 900 in, 6in. For the No. 7 bottom bars (bend radius > 4d,), (€0,000)(0.875) 574000 (8)(0875) = 7in, in, Bin, loo No.9 Bar * | wl Faure 9.49 otto echorge of teu! etcamet in Bec Figure 9-49 shows the detail of flexural reinforce- ‘ment anchorage in the exterior column. Note that the development length /4, is measured from the near face of the column’ to the far edge of the vertical 12-bar-diameter extension (see Figure 9-34). (4) Determine shear-reinforcement requirements; De- sign for shears corresponding to end moments ob- tained by assuming the stress in the tensile flexural reinforcement equal to 1.25f, and a strength redue- tion factor ¢ = 1.0, plus factored gravity loads (see igure 9-15). Table 9-7 shows values of design end shears corresponding to the two loading cases to be ‘considered. In the table, ig = 0.75( wp + w,) = 0.75[1.4(3.7) + 1.7(1.95)] = 6.37 kips/t ACI Appendix A requires that the contribution of concrete to shear resistance, V., be neglected if the carthquake-induced shear force (corresponding. 10 the probable flexural strengths at beam ends caleu- lated using 1.25/, instead of f, and ¢= 1.0) is areater than one-half the total désign shear and the axial compressive force including earthquake effects is tess than 4, (°/20. ATLL For sidesway to the right, the shear at end" due {0th plastic end moments inthe beam (ee Table 1) is yp = BBP so ft eonae ips which is less than S0% of the total design shear, ¥, = 99.7 kips. Therefore, the contribution of con: ‘fete to shear resistance can be considered in deter- ‘mining shear reinforcement requirements. Atright end B, V, = 99.7 kips. Using 22¥4008 (20)(21.5) 1000 Y= aif bgd = = 544 Kips328 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES ‘Table 9-7 Determination of Design Shear Forces for Beam Spans _ Mist W rm = Mie Ha i _— a nen,®_m=837 Ks ns q a Sicesway 10 right 238* (FEY se —o : : ae ES we have Beyond distance 2d from the supports, maximum spacing of stirrups: 40, = Ve ~ Y= 99.7085 x 54.4 53.5 kips Sau = 4/2 = 105in. ¥,= 629 kips Required spacing of No. 3 closed stirrups (hoops), since A,(2 legs) = 0.22 in AcSyd _ (0.22)(60)(21.8) Use No. 3 stirrups spaced as shown in Figure 9-50. Where the loading is such that inelastic deforma- tion may occur at intermediate points within the span (eg, due to concentrated loads near mid-span), the spacing of hoops will have to be determined in a ¥, 9 ook ‘manner similar to that used above for regions near oe supports. In the present example, the maximum Maximum allowable hoop spacing within distance 2d = 221.5) = 43 in. from faces of supports: d/4 = 15/4 = 5.4in. 8 X (dia. of smallest long bar) = 8(0.875) = Tin, 24 (dia. of hoop bars) = 24(0.375} Sin 12in, © positive moment near mid-span (see Table 9-4) is ‘much less than the positive moment capacity pro- vided by the three No. 7 continuous bars, [A.3.3.1 Negative-reinforcement cutoff points: For the pur- pose of determining cutoff points for the negative reinforcement, a moment diagram corresponding 10 plastic end moments and 0.9 times the dead load will be used. The cutoff point for two of the four No. 9 bars at the top, near support B of beam AB, will be determined. With the negative moment capacity of a section with two No. 9 top bars equal to 186 ft-kips (calcu- lated using f, = 60 ksi and ¢ = 0.9), the distanceDESON EXAUPLES REPRESENTATWE ELEMENTS OFA 12 STORY FRAME-SHEARALL BULONG 388 Face of Support, Beam = No. 9 Stirrups 6 0 9"41 @ 10" = 647 ——> ew —________ Figure 9-50 Spacing of hoops and stirrups in beam AB. from the face of the right support B to where the ‘moment under the loading considered equals 186 {tckips is readily obtained by summing moments about section ana in Figure 9-51 and equating these to — 186 f-kips. Thus, acer = 6 Solution of the above equation gives x = 4382 ft Hence, two of the four No. 9 bars near support B ‘may be cut off (noting that d= 215 in. > 12d, 12 1.128 = 135 in) at 7210.3 +d 4m+ 23 . - 12 Sit from the face of the right support B. With Jy for a No. 9 top bar equal to 16.5 in., the required devel- ‘opment length for such a bar with respect to the tensile force associated with the negative moment at support B is [y= 3.5/g.= 35 163/12 = 48 ft 28" Ws 394 k/ ae G ) a : Moment Diagram ~482" Figure 9-51 Moment diagram for beam AB. < 66 ft, Thus, the 1wo No. 9 bars can be cut off 6.6 {fifrom the face of the interior support B. ‘At end , one of the three No. 9 bars can also be ‘cut off at a similarly computed distance from the (nner) face of the exterior support 4. (®) Flexural reinforcement splices: Lap splices of flex- tural reinforcement should not be placed within a joint, within a distance 2d from faces of supports, ‘or at locations of potential plastic hinging. Note that all lap splices have to be confined by hoops or spirals with a maximum spacing or pitch of d/4, or 4 in, over the length of the lap. tata (1) Bottom bars, No. 7: The bottom bars along most of the length of the beam may be sub- jected to maximum stress. Use class C splice. ‘Required length of splice = 1.7/, > 12in., where 004A /\Fe > 0.000844, = {(0.04)(0.60)(60,000) = (0.0004)(0.875)(60,000) = 22.8in. (governs) > 21 in. Class C splice length = (1.7)(22.8) = 39 in {@) Top bars, No. 9: Since the mid-span portion of the span is always subject to a positive bending moment (see Table 9-8), splices in the top bars should be located at or near midspan. Re- Quired length of class A splice = 1.4/, > 12 in., ‘where, by using the same expression given above, fone obtains /, = 38 in. Required spice length = (1.4938) = 53. in (g) Detail of beam. See Figure 9-52. 3. Design of frame column A. The aim here is 10 design the transverse reinforcement for the exterior tied330 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES. aia 2048" co0"sn00" uf Hoops stirrups ong es rp maser ; T= | 7 Hi t tom a sumo te 4 gl (2) Elevation eS 37 Bare 1 4 tort yb 17 Pre = (b) Section A-A Figure 9:52 Detall of rinforcoment for beam AB. column on the second floor of a typical transverse interior frame, that is, one of the frames in frame T-1 of Figure 9-46. The column dimension has been estab- lished as 22 in, square and, on the basis ofthe different combinations of axial load and bending moment corre- sponding to the three loading conditions listed in Table 945, eight No. 7 bars arranged in a symmetrical pattern Ihave been found adequate.”"** Assume the same ‘beam section framing into the column as considered in the preceding section, f= 4000 Thin? and f, = 60,000 Ibn From Table 9-5, P,(max) = 930 kips: Aft 24) 1x) = 930 kips > SE . (max) = 930 kips > 1p 7 194 kis ‘Thus, ACI Appendix A provisions governing members subjected to bending and axial load apply. (a) Check satisfaction of vertical reinforcement limita tions and moment capacity requirements: (1) Reinforcement ratio: 001

$5 (beams) From Section 9.5.2, item 2, M, of the beam at A is 272 fips, corresponding to sidesway to the left. From Table 9-5, the maximum axial load on column A at the second floor level for sidesway to the left is P, = 870 kips. Using the P-M interaction charts given in ACI SP-17A,°™ the moment capacity of the col- lumn section corresponding to P, = oP, = 870 kips, f= 4 ksi, f= 60 ksi, 7 = 0.75 (y= ratio of distance between centroids of outer rows of bars to dimension of cross-section in the direction of bending, and p = 0001 is obtained as 6M, = M, = 284 fi-kips. With the same size tS aoe NJ [tem wxa | Ps NS = 2080 Figure 9-53. Relatve lexural strengths of ban and columns at fextoror joint — wansverse directiona DESIGN EXAMPLES — REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS OF A 12 STORY FRAME-SHEAR.WALL SULOING 353 CU ee i pf a NS wear Figure 9-54 Relate foxura strengths of beams and columns at exterior joint — longitudinal direction @) column above and below the beam, total mo- ‘ment capacity of columns = 2284) = $68 ft- ips. Thus, (6)(272) 3 = 26 fckips O.K, DM, = 568 > 6M, ‘Moment strength of columns relative to that of framing beams in longitudinal direction (see Figure 9-54): Since the columns considered here are located in the center portion of the exterior longitudinal frames, the axial forces due to seis- ‘ic loads in the longitudinal direction are negl- sible. (Analysis ofthe longitudinal frames under Seismic loads indicated practically zero axial forces in the exterior columns of the four trans- verse frames represented by frame T-1 in Figure 9-46.) Under an axial load of (see Table 9-5) O7S[1.4D + 1.7L +187] (E=0) = (0.15)(930) = 698 kips, the moment capacity of the column section with eight No. 7 bars is obtained as gM, = M, = 319 {tckips. If we assume a ratio for the negative ‘moment reinforcement of about 0.0075 in the ‘beams of the exterior longitudinal frames (by = 20 in, d = 215 in), then A, = pbyd = (0.0075)(20)(21.) = 3.23in? Assume four No. 8 bars, A, ‘moment capacity of beam: 3.16 in, Negative Ay (3.16)(60) @> Tasch, ~ asaya) ~ 279i oMz= Mp= ¢4.h(4~$) = 139 as = (0,90)(3.16)(60) = 286 f-kips Aa> ‘Assume a postive moment capacity of the beams ‘on the opposite side of the: column equal to ‘one-half the negative moment capacity ealeae lated above, or 143 ft-kips. Total moment eae pacity of beams framing into joint in longitude nal direction, for sidesway in either direction: mM, mM, 284 + 143 = 429 fi-kips (319) = 638 fe-kips > $IDM, = $(429) = 515 ftkips_O.K. (b) Determine transverse reinforcement requirements: (1) Confinement reinforcement (see Figure 9-37). ‘Transverse reinforcement for confinement is re- quired over a distance /, from column ends, where depth of member = 22 in. (governs) wx 6 10> ) 2(clear height) = =2in 18 in, Maximum allowable spacing of rectangular hoops: ‘(smallest dimension of column) = 2 = 55in in, (governs) Required cross-sectional area of confinement re- inforcement in the form of hoops: 7 0.12sh. = “Fou ‘where the terms are as defined for Equation 9-6 For a hoop spacing of inf, = 60,000 Thin.” and tentatively assuming N@. 4 bar hoops (for the purpose of estimating 4, and A), the required cross-sectional area is (0.12)(4)(18.4)(4000) 60,000 = 0.59 in. (governs) 484) 4000 (0.3)(4)(18.4)| 555 — 1) Sroo0 = 0.52 in?a2 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES B=? Long. bars pe oe Figure 9-55. etal of column transverse reinforcement BaP nin? No. 4 hoops with one crosstie, as shown in Figure 9-55, provide yy = 0.20) = 0.60 in. (2) Transverse reinforcement for shear: As in the design of shear reinforcement for beams, the design shear in columns is based not on the factored shear forces obtained from a lateral- load analysis, but rather on the nominal flexural strength provided in the columns. ACI Ap- pendix A requires that the shear be determined from the largest nominal moment strength con- sistent with the estimated axial for column. ‘Assume that an axial force close to $P, = 484 kips (corresponding to the “balanced point” on the interaction diagram for the column section, considered—which would yield close to if not the largest moment strength) can occur (see ‘Table 9-5). On this basis, -M, (at column ends) JM, = 355 fips {rom which (See Figure 9-41) 2(355) AP = nips ‘Assume, for convenience, Vo= 2h 2/4000 (22)(19.5) eS) = saps 1000 Required spacing of No. 4 hoops with A, = 0.40 in.? (neglecting crossties) and V, 295 kips: Achyd _ (2)(0.20)(60){19.5) % 25 = 15.930, Thus, the transverse reinforcement spacing over the distance [= 22 in. near the column ends is governed by the requirement for confinement rather than shear. Maximum allowable spacing of shear ment: d/2 = 9.7 in, Use No. 4 hoops and crossties spaced at 4 in, within 4 disiance of 24 in. from the columns ends and No. 4 ‘hoops spaced at 9 in. or less over the remainder of the ‘column. (©) Minimum length of lap splices for column vertical bars: ‘ACI Appendix A limits the location of lap splices in column bars within the middle half of the mem- ber length, the splices to be designed as tension splices Since generally all of the column bars will be spliced at the same location, a Class C splice will be required. ‘The required length of splice is 1.71,, where 0.044, f, We > 0.0004d,f, = 1 (0.04)(0.60)(60,000) {0.08)(0:60){60 000), > (0.0004)(0.875)(60,000) = 23in, (governs) > 21 in. ‘Thus, required splice length = 1.723) = 39 in Use 40-in. lap splices. (@) Detail of column, See Figure 9-56. 4, Design of exterior beam-column connection. The faim is to determine the coefficient and shear-rein- forcement requirements for the exterior beam-column connection between the beam considered in item 2 above and the column in item 3. Assume the joint to be located at the sixth floor level, (a) Transverse reinforcement for confinement: ACI Ap- pendix A requires the same amount of confinement Teinforeement within the joint as forthe ength fy at column ends, unless the joint is confined by beams framing into ‘all vertical faces of the column. In the latter case, only one-half the transverse reinforce- ment required for unconfined joints need be pro- vided. AGRI A622 In the case of the beam-column joint considered here, beams frame into only three sides of the column, so thatthe joint is considered unconfined In item 4 above, confinement requirements at column ends were satisfied by No. 4 hoops with crossties, spaced at 4 in, (©) Check shear strength of joint: The shear across section x-x (see Figure 9.57) of the joint is ob- tained as the difference between the jensile force from the top flexural reinforcement of the framing bbeam (stressed to 125/,) and the horizontal shearDESIGN EXAMPLES — REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS OF 12.STORY FRAME SHEAR-WALLBULDING 353 --1-] L cries ne “a 20" be fice [ Lo soe must acta oma ena from the column above, The tensile force from the beam (three No. 9 bars), 3.0 in.) is (3)(1.25)(60) = 225 kips An estimate of the horizontal shear from the col- uma, V, can be obtained by assuming that the ‘beams in the adjoining floors are also deformed so that plastic hinges form at their junctions with the column, with M,(beam) = 372 {t-kips (see Table sasha Lo reas 225 \ H } jest My tesa) = 272 kine Yr3t kien M, = 186 okie Figure 8-57 Horizontal shear in exterior beam-column joint, 9-7, for sidesway to left). By further assuming that the plastic moments in the beams are ‘equally by the columns above and below the joint, one obtains for the horizontal shear at the columa ends M,(beam) _ 372 + ory height ~ 12 Tins the net shear at sstion xx of joint is 225 — 31 ='194 kips. ACI Appendix A gives the nominal Shear strength of a joint as «function only of the s10ss area of the joint cross-section”, and the degree of confinement by framing beams. For the unconfined joint considered here, 31 kips eV. = a5 A, (0.85)(15)(V4000 (22)? 1000 = 300 kips > V,=194kips OK, Aza A631 ‘Note that if the shear strength of the concrete in the joint as calculated above were inadequate, any ad- justment would have to take the form (since trans- verse reinforcement above the minimum required for confinement is considered not to have a signiti- ‘cant effect on shear strength) of either an increase in the column cross-section (and hence A,) or an in- crease in the beam depth (to reduce the amount of flexural reinforcement required and hence the ten- sile force T). (©) Detail of joint. See Figure 9-58, (The design should be checked for adequacy in the longitudinal direc- tion) Note: The use of crossties within the joint may ‘cause some placement difficulties. To relieve the ‘congestion, No. 6 hoops spaced at 4 in, but without ‘rossties may be considered as an alternative. Al- though the cross-sectional area of confinement rein- forcement provided by No. 6 hoops at 4 in. (Ay = 0.88 in.*) exceeds the required amount (0.59 in), the requirement of A443 of ACI Appendix A relating to a maximum spacing of 14 in, between rossties or legs of overlapping hoops (see Figure 9-40) will not be satisfied. However, it is believed that this will not be a serious shortcoming in this ‘case, since the joint is restrained by beams on three sides, 3. Design of interior beam-column connection. The objective is 10 determine the transverse reinforcement and shear requirements for the interior beam-column ‘connection at the sixth floor of the interior transverse frame considered in previous examples. The column is 26 in. square and is reinforced with eight No. 11 bars.304 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORCED-CONGRETE STRUCTURES het 40 bars 1p Boar *; ao a Fe tnt oop (a) PLAN (b) SECTION Figure 9-58. Detal of exterior beam-column joint ‘The beams have dimensions b = 20 in. and d = 21.5 in. and are reinforced as noted in Section item 2 abave (see Figure 9-52). (a) Transverse reinforcement requirements (for con- finement): Maximum allowable spacing of rectangu- lar hoops, [atest dimension of column) no aia | 4in. (governs) For the column cross-seotion considered and assum- tapi. heaps > SSA and A, = (26)? = 676 in, With a hoop spac- ing of 4 in the required cross-sectional area of ‘confinement reinforcement in the form of hoops is fe (0.12)(4)(21.9)(4000) 0.128h.= = So gg “Fou = 0.70 in? (governs) = osyayary( Fe ~1) = 0.61 in? Since the joint is framed by beams (having widths of 20 in,, which is greater than + of the width of the column)'on all four sides, it is considered confined, and a 50% reduction in the amount of confinement reinforcement indicated above is allowed. Thus, Agsfrequired) > 0.35 in? No. 4 hoops with crossties spaced at 4 in. o.. provide Ay, = 0.60 in.?, (See Note at end of item 4.) (b) Check shear strength of joint: Following the same procedure used in item 4, the forces affecting the horizontal shear across a section near mid-depth of the joint shown in Figure 9-59 are obtained: Ny 82+ 208. 560 chips $238 = 3601 420 Bur (4, = 40in2) 1A (1.25%,)= 300 Kis 2 \ it \ = Ag(.267) J 2 ity, = 482 tekioe = Tibi 927 Bars (4,9 = 182) coan in, = 360 kins 60 kins Figure 959, Forces acting on interior beam-column joint,DESIGN EXAMPLES — REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS OF A 12.STORY FRAME-SHEAR-WALL SULOING 385 the joint shown in Figure 9-59 are obtained: (Net shear across section x-x) = T, + G— Vy = 300 + 135 - 60 375 kips = ¥, Shear strength of joint, noting that joint is confined: OF. = 920/774, (0.85)(20) (4000 (26)* 1000 = 726 kips >K=375kips OK, 6. Design of structural wall (shearwall). The aim i to design the structural wall section atthe frst oor of ‘one of the identical frame-shear wall systems shown in frame T-3 (see Figure 9-46). The preliminary design, as shown in Figure 9.45, is based on a 14-in-thick wall with 26-in-square vertical boundary elements, each of the latter being reinforced with eight No. 11 bars. Preliminary calculations indicated that the cross-sec- sion of the structural wall at the lower floor levels ‘seeded to be increased. In the following, a 20-in-thick ‘wall section with 32 x'S0sin, boundary elements rein- forced with 24 No. 11 bars is investigated, and other seinforcement requirements determined. The design forces on the structural wall at the fist oor level are listed in Table 9.6. Note that becase the ‘axis of the shear wall coincides with the center line of the transverse frame of which it isa part, lateral loads do not induce any vertical (axial) force on the wall ‘The calculation of the maximum axial force on the boundary element corresponding to. Equation 92b in Table 9.6, P, = 4166 kips, shown in Table 96, involved the following steps: At base of wall ‘+ Dead load, D = 2823 kips. * Live load, L = 412 kips. + Moment at base of wall due to seismic load (Grom lateral load analysis of transverse frames, including a moment of 1806 ft-kips due to acci- dental eccentricity), M, = 38,056 fi-kips Referring to Figure 9-43, and noting the load factors used in Equation 9-2b of Table 9.6, W = 0.75(1.4D + 1.7L) (0.75) [(1.4)(2823) + (1.7)(412)] = 3489 kips Ha = 1.4M, = (1.4)(38,056) = 53,278 ft-kips W Ha Boa 3499 53,278 7 + Hy = 166 ips (a) Check whether boundary elements are required: ACT Appendix A requires boundary elements to be pro vided if the maximum compressive extreme-fiber stress under factored forces exceeds 0.2//, unless the entire wall is reinforced to satisfy Sections A4A\] through A.4.4.3 of the Appendix (relating to confinement reinforcement. It will be assumed that the wall will not be provided with confinement reinforcement over its entire height. For a homogeneous rectangular wall 26.17 ft long (horizontally) and 20 in, (1.67 ft) thick, (1.67)(26.17)° oer Ay = (1.67)(26.17) = 43.7 02 = 2494 fet Extreme-fiber compressive stress under M, = $3,280 {tckips and P, = 3449 kips (see Table 9-6); Myhy/2 _ 3449 (53,280)(26.17)/2 is BI 98 = 358.4 ksf = 2.49 ksi > 0.2/" = (0.2)(4) = 08 ksi Therefore, boundary elements are required, subject to the confinement and special loading requirements sperifed in ACI Appendix A. () Determine minimum longitudinal and transverse re inforcement requirements for wall: (1) Check whether two curtains of reinforcement are required: ACI Appendix A requires that two curtains of reinforcement be provided in a wall ifthe in-plane factored shear force assigned to the wall exceeds 24a’, where 4. is the cross-sectional area bounded by the web thick: ness and the length of section inte direction of the shear force considered From Table 9-6, the maximum factored shear force on the wall tthe firs Noor level is V, = 1153 kips - _ (2)(20)(26.17 x 12)/4000 2A {ff = DOC x eyo 1000 = 839 ips < V, = 1153 kips Therefore, mo curtains of reinforcement are re- auired. (@) Required longitudinal and transverse reinforce- ment in wall: Minimum required reinforcement ratio, =p, > 0.0025 (max. spacing = 18 in.)336 SEISMIC DESIGN OF REINFORGED-CONCRETE STRUCTURES With A, = 20(12) = 240 in? (per foot of wall) the required area of reinforcement in each direction per foot of wal is (0.0025)(240) = 0.60 in/ft, Required spacing of No. 5 bars [in two curtains, 4, = 2(0.31) = 062 in?} s(veqies) = 205) 1») -r24n 2): OF, = O45 2K + aly) where $= 0.60 lev = (20)(26.17 12) = 6281 in.? 2(0.44) (12) e<= Goan aa) 29 ‘Thus, 4 (0.60)(6281)[2v4000 + (0,00314)(60,000)] 000 3768.6(126.4 + 188.4] 1000 > V,=1S3kips OK. 1186 kips Therefore, use two curtains of No. 6 bars spaced at 14 in o.c. in both horizontal and vertical directions (@) Check adequacy of boundary element acting as a short column under factored vertical forces due 10 gravity and lateral loads (see Figure 9-43): From ‘Table 9-6, the maximum compressive axi boundary element is P, = 4166 kips. With boundary elements having dim 3 in, 50 in, and reinforced with 24 No. 11 bars, 4, = (32)(50) = 1600 in? Ag = (24)(1.56) = 37.4 in? Pq = 37.4/1600 = 0.0234 ‘Axial load capacity of boundary element acting as a short column: gP,(max) = 0.809[0.85f/(A, — Ay) + fn] = (0.80)(0.70)[(0.85)(4)(1600 — 37.4) + (60)(37.4)] = (0.56)[5313 + 2246] = 4233 kips > P.=4166kips OK. [9552] (©) Cheek adequacy of structural wall section at base ‘under combined axial load and bending in the plane of the wall: From Table 9-6, the following combina- tions of factored axial load and bending moment at the base of the wall are listed, corresponding to Eqs. 9-2a, b and c: 9-24: P, = 4598 kips, -M, small 9.2: P, = 3449 kips, —-M, = 53,280 ft-kips 9.2e: P, = 2506 kips, -M, = $4,464 f-kips Figure 9.60 shows the 9P,-#M, interaction dia- gram (obtained using a computer program for gen- erating P-M diagrams) for a structural wall section having a 20-in-thick web reinforced with two cur- tains of reinforcement each having No. 6 horizontal and vertical bars spaced at 14 in ox. and 32 50-in, boundary elements reinforced with 24 No. 11 vert 400 Ib in, f, = 60,000 Ib fi. (Gee Figure 9-61). The design load combinations listed above are shown plotted in Figure 9-60. The point marked @ represents the PM combination corresponding to Equation 9-2a, with similar nota- tion used for the other two load combinations. terang Moment Capac, My (Hs) Figure 8-60 Axial loas-noment interaction dlagram for sve tural wall section,