5.

Test Distinguishing 1°, 2° & 3° alcohols

1. Lucas Test: Alcohols + ZnCl2 + HCl

i) Alcohol : No reaction at room

temperature

ii) Alcohol : White

turbidity after 5-10 min.

iii) Alcohol : white

turbidity instaneously
2. DICHROMATE TEST (OXIDATION TEST)
This test is based on the fact that three types of
monohydric alcohols give different oxidation products on
oxidation.
The unknown alcohol is treated with sodium dichromate
in dilute sulphuric acid
(orange solution) at room temperature. Then the
oxidation products are identified.
(i) A carboxylic acid with same number of carbon atoms
as in the alcohol, if formed confirms the primary alcohol.
The colour of the solution changes from orange to green.
(ii) A ketone with same number of carbon atoms as in the
alcohol if formed confirms the secondary alcohol. The
colour of the solution also changes from orange to green.
(iii) In case the colour of the solution does not change, i.e.
it remains same, then it is
3° alcohol.
3. Victor Meyer Test
1° alcohol:

Nitrolic acid on treatment with alkali gives colouration

2° alcohol:

3° alcohol:

(colour less)