Organic Chemistry Report

Scientific Practicum Report

Written by:
Stephanie Angelina Budilarto, 11.8-27

Santa Laurensia Senior High School Grade XI

Alam Sutera, Tangerang Selatan
Banten

Academic Year 2022-2023

A. Objectives:
1. Producing ester by using Ethanol, Acetic acid, and Sulfuric acid
2. Identifying aldehyde and ketone using KMnO4 as an oxidation reagent
3. Identifying aldehyde and ketone using Tollens
4. Identifying aldehyde and ketone using Fehling
5. Producing complex carboxylic acid using carboxylic acid

B. Apparatus & Materials:

1. Testubes (7)
2. Stopper
3. Aquadest
4. Beaker 250 ml
5. Bunsen burner
6. Matches
7. Measuring cylinder 5 ml
8. Droplet pipette

Materials:
1. Ethanol
2. Acetic acid
3. Sulfuric acid
4. Potassium Permanganate
5. Acetaldehyde
6. Tollen
7. Formalin (Formaldehyde)
8. Acetone
9. Fehling A & B
10. Sodium hydroxide
11. Iron (III) Chloride
12. Hydrochloric acid
C. Data & Result:
● Experiment 1: Alcohol and Ester

Initial Reaction Final Reaction Reaction Equation

- No color - No color
- Sting smell coming - Strong glue smell C2H6O + 7CH3COOH + 2H2SO4
from acetic acid - An ester produced → 9H2O + 2CH4C7H6O3SO4
- No smell coming
from alcohol

● Experiment 2: Aldehyde and Ketone using Potassium Permanganate and Sulfuric acid

Initial Reaction Final Reaction Reaction Equation

Formalin - Blue color - Red color

- No smell - Eucalyptus oil
5 CH2O (aq) + 4 KMnO4
smell
(aq) + 6 H2SO4 (aq) → 2
K2SO4 (aq) + 4 MnSO4 (aq)
+ 11 H2O (l) + 5 CO2 (g)

Acetone - Blue color - Dark red color

- No smell - Rubber smell 5 C3H6O (aq) + 16 KMnO4
(aq) + 24 H2SO4 (aq) → 16
MnSO4 (aq) + 8 K2SO4 (aq)
+ 15 CO2 (g) + 39 H2O (l)

● Experiment 3: Aldehyde and Ketone using Tollens

Initial Reaction Final Reaction Reaction Equation

 Formalin Error analysis due to - Light yellow
contamination because color 2 AgNO3 (aq) + CH2O
when the color should be - No precipitate (aq) + 3 NaOH (aq) → 2
clear, the color was - No smell Ag (s) + HCOONa (aq) +
yellow 2 NaNO3 (aq) + 2 H2O (l)

Acetone Error analysis due to - Silver color 2 AgNO3 (aq) + CH2O

contamination because - Precipitate (aq) + 3 NaOH (aq) →
when the color should be - No smell AGNO3 + NAOH +
clear, the color was C3H6O
yellow

● Experiment 4: Aldehyde and Ketone using Fehling

Initial Reaction Final Reaction Reaction Equation

Formalin - Navy color - The color

- No smell turned to dark CH2O + Fehling A & B
green
- No smell

Acetone - Navy color - The color

- No smell turned to dark C3H6O + Fehling A & B
blue
- No smell
 ● Experiment 5: Complex Carboxylic Acid using Carboxylic acid

Initial Reaction Final Reaction Reaction Equation

Hydrochloric acid No photo - Clear yellow 5CH3COOH + 6NAOH +

color 2FECL3 → 2FE(CH3OO)3
- No smell + 6NACL + 4H2O

Water No photo - Red clear color

- No smell CH3COOH + NaOH +
FeCL3 + H2O→
CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH
(aq)

D. Analysis:
1. Experiment 1: Alcohol and Ester
The initial reaction has a clear color and although it is weak, there is a stinging smell. The
stinging smell was coming from acetic acid and no smell was emitted by alcohol. After we mix
acetic acid with alcohol, the color remains clear. After H2SO4 was mixed and heated, the final
product remained clear however a strong glue smell was emitted. This smell indicates that an
ester has been produced because every ester has unique smells. The reaction was : C2H6O +
7CH3COOH + 2H2SO4 → 9H2O + 2CH4C7H6O3SO4

2. Experiment 2: Aldehyde and Ketone using Potassium Permanganate and Sulfuric acid
The initial reaction has a blue color and no smell was emitted. After it was mixed with
formalin, the color changed to red, and an eucalyptus oil smell was emitted. The reaction shows
that potassium Permanganate act as a catalyst because when potassium permanganate was mixed,
it did not change the substance however when sulfuric acid was mixed, the reaction does take a
while during the heating process but slowly, it chemically changes. The reaction was 5 CH2O
(aq) + 4 KMnO4 (aq) + 6 H2SO4 (aq) → 2 K2SO4 (aq) + 4 MnSO4 (aq) + 11 H2O (l) + 5 CO2
(g). The same goes for when the blue initial substance was reacted with acetone, it turn the blue
color to a dark red color, a little darker than the Formalin reaction, and a rubber smell was
emitted. The reaction was 5 C3H6O (aq) + 16 KMnO4 (aq) + 24 H2SO4 (aq) → 16 MnSO4 (aq)
+ 8 K2SO4 (aq) + 15 CO2 (g) + 39 H2O (l).

3. Experiment 3: Aldehyde and Ketone using Tollens

The initial color of the substance should be clear however due to contamination, the initial
color was light yellow therefore it is an error analysis. However, the final product should have
Formalin = Light yellow color without any precipitate and no smell while Acetone = silver color
with precipitate and no smell. the reaction was =
2 AgNO3 (aq) + CH2O (aq) + 3 NaOH (aq) → 2 Ag (s) + HCOONa (aq) + 2 NaNO3 (aq) + 2
H2O (l)
2 AgNO3 (aq) + CH2O (aq) + 3 NaOH (aq) → AGNO3 + NaOH + C3H6O

4. Experiment 4: Aldehyde and Ketone using Fehling

The initial color was navy and no smell was coming when Fehling A and B were mixed.
Then, when formalin was added, the color turned to dark green proving that the substance is
aldehyde however this reaction was not fully complete because the result color should be red
meaning that the dark green color we see is a process. The reaction was CH2O + Fehling A & B
Meanwhile when Acetone was added to the mixture of Fehling A and B, the color turned to dark
blue. Proving that the substance contains ketone in it. The reaction was C3H6O.

5. Experiment 5: Complex Carboxylic Acid using Carboxylic acid

When Acetic acid, NaOh, FeCL2, and HCL were mixed, the color produced was clear
yellow without any smell. The reaction was: 5CH3COOH + 6NAOH + 2FECL3 →
2FE(CH3OO)3 + 6NACL + 4H2O. When Acetic acid, NaOh, FeCL2, and water were mixed, it
produced a no-smell clear red color. The reaction was CH3COOH + NaOH + FeCL3 + H2O→
CH3COOH (aq) + NaOH (aq).
 E. Conclusion:
In the mixture of Ethanol, acetic acid, sulfuric acid, and heat, an ester can be produced
and can be indicated by the smell coming from the mixture. Using KMnO4 as an oxidation
reagent, ketone, and aldehyde can be identified by both color and smell. Tollens and Fehling also
can be used to identify aldehyde and ketone because each mixture will produce a different color
than one another however smelling indicator cannot be used. Finally, when carboxylic acid and
NaOH & FeCL3, and HCL are mixed, a complex carboxylic acid will be produced and can be
seen by the red color produced.

F. Reference:
- Edexcel Book Chemistry 2, Organic Chemistry topic
- Power points of Santa Laurensia Organic Chemistry 2023 grade 11