Professional Documents
Culture Documents
• Bunsen burner
• premixed flame
• burning velocity
• diffusion flame
• soot
• flame radiation
• turbulent diffusion flames
Bunsen burner
C3H8 + 5 O2 → 3 CO2 + 4 H2O
Premixed flame
Burning velocity
Burning velocity
Gas velocity
Burning velocity
Diffusion flame, nonpremixed flame
• Carbon particles
• Formation in fuel rich conditions
• Flame = burning soot
• Radiation
Laminar Turbulent
3 T’s of combustion
• Time
• Temperature
• Turbulence
Visualization of Laminar and Turbulent flow
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KqqtOb30jWs
Laminar
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NplrDarMDF8
Turbulent
- Effective mixing
Flame length as a function of exit velocity at the nozzle
Gustavo Assi
Turbulence - chemistry interaction
Heat 1 = i
Heat 2
Heat 3 Smallest eddies
- most of dissipation
- size limited by the
Heat n
Kolmogorov length scale
Large eddies
- receive kinetic energy from
mean flow
- size limited by the geometry
of e.g. the furnace
Laminar Turbulent
Mixing considerations in industrial scale furnaces
~85 m
~15 x 15 m
Mixing considerations in industrial scale furnaces
Example: black liquor recovery boiler
Combustion air
- Staging
(m/s) - Distribution over cross section (O2 vol-%)
>50
20 m
3m
0.2 m
Fundamental Gas Flames
• Bunsen burner
• premixed flame
• burning velocity
• diffusion flame
• soot
• flame radiation
• turbulent diffusion flames