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CO2 Manual English PDF
CO2 Manual English PDF
5. MAINTENANCE ……….19
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1.RELEASE OF SYSTEM
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1.1 OPERATING INSTRUCTION
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d. At each following half hour interval.
Discharge into the compartment the exact number of cylinders specified
in the circle for the corresponding compartment in the diagram.
Continue this procedure until the supply of carbon dioxide is exhausted
or it is certain that the fire is extinguished.
e. During the above and until arrival in port keep all openings sealed,
tarpaulins and hatch covers wet and control valve open.
f. Do not open the hatches or other openings of compartment flooded with
CO2 until arrival at port. This is to permit burned cargo to cool
and prevent rekindling of the fire.
NOTE – If fire is confined to two compartments located one above the other,
Flood lower compartment first.
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2. DATA SHEETS
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3. SYSTEM TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
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3.1 CARBON DIOXIDE FIRE EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
3.1.1 PRINCIPLE
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is standard commercial product with many
other uses and it is readily available throughout the world.
Reducing the oxygen content from the normal 21% in air to 15% will
extinguish most surface fires ; for some materials, however, it must be
reduced even lower.
3.1.6 HAZARD TO PERSONNEL
The discharge of large amounts of CO2 to extinguish fire may
create hazards to personnel such as oxygen deficiency and reduced
visibility.
The dilution of the oxygen in the air, by the CO2 concentration that
Will extinguish fire, may create atmospheres that will not sustain life.
Such atmospheres will be produced in spaces protected by CO2
total flooding and may by produced by any large volume discharge
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drifting into adjacent low places.
Persons rendered unconscious in these atmospheres can usually be
revived without any permanent ill effects when promptly removed from
such atmospheres.
Large volume discharges or CO2 may seriously interfere with
visibility during and immediately after the discharge period.
Carbon dioxide is normally colourless,but when discharged from a storage
cylinder pressure it resembles a cloud.
Machinery spaces, pump rooms, paint and lamp store, etc, are spaces
likely to produce surface type fires.
The CO2 will extinguish the active surface burning but the smouldering
material must be allowed to remain in an inert atmos ph ere for a long
period of time to allow large masses of material to cool.
The CO2 quantity carried is a limited amount and the best possible use
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should be made of that which is available. The effectiveness of the CO2
will be increased by making sure that openings to the space on fire are
closed.
The pressure within the cylinder varies with changes in amb ient
temperature ; the pressure increases with rising temperature at 21°C the
pressure would be 58.6 bar(850 lb/in2).
Care must be taken, therefore, to ensure that the CO2 cylinders are not
i n s t a ll e d in a position where the temper at ure is likely to e x c e e d
46°C(115°F).
The pressure actuator is a small piston device which, when pilot gas
pressure is a applied, depresses the cylinder valve actuator rod and opens
the valve.
3.6 PILOT L O O P
The pressure actuators are interconnected by small bore, flexible
pipes(pilot loop), connected to the gas inlet ports of the pressure
actuators.
If one or more cylinders are to be removed from the bank, the pressure
actuators are detached from the cylinder valve, without disconnection of
the pilot loops so that this, together with the abovementioned check valve
in the manifold connection, enables the system to be operated.
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The distribution valve is normally operated by using pilot CO2 gas
pressure.
Pilot CO2 (operating CO2) is applied to the valve actuator inlet port.
Pilot CO2 depresses the piston, opens the valve and it then flows from an
outlet port to the cylinder valve pressure actuators to discharge the main
fire fighting CO2.
When the pilot CO2 pressure is removed from the valve actuator, the valve
will automatically close.
Note) For 3/4” POD V/V, please don’t loose the adaptor of 3/4” POD V/V
at your side to avoid any problem.
If you need to replace the pipe line, please contact to NK CO., LTD.
It is preferable to arrange for automatic venting of the pilot CO2 and this is
achieved by using a bleed type vent.
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pressure actuator or, if necessary, connected into the pilot CO2 line.
When fitted, the vent provides a very small leak(bleed) in the pilot
CO2 line. When the system is operated, pilot CO2 commences to bleed
away immediately to atmosphere.
The data at which pilot CO2 is vented is slow enough to maintain adequate
operating pressure in the pilot line system far in excess of the time taken for
the main CO2 discharge.
In the event that fire fighting CO2 is to be released, the small pilot
CO2 cylinder is connected to pilot CO2 pipe and its contents discharged.
The pressure thus provided will, via the pilot CO2 pipe, operated the main
cylinder and the pressure operated distribution valve if fitted.
For reasons of safety and security the pilot CO2 cylinders are kept in a
box of cabinet fixed to the bulkhead near the protected space. The pilot
CO2 pipe from the main cylinders and distribution valve terminates inside
this box.
The control box is arranged that the control box door will operate a
switch when it is in the open position, to initiate audible and visual
alarms.
There are several variants of control box, depending upon the requirements
of individual system. A project data sheet showing the type fitted to
this vessel is incorporated in the appropriated section at the back of
this manual.
However, all cases the principle of operation is the same.
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4.MISCELLANEOUS TECHINICAL INFORMATION
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4.1 FIRE IN ENGINE ROOMS
Smaller fires in the engine room should be extinguished immediately using
the available portable fire extinguishers or water and foam handlines.
At the same time all fans are stopped, all opening closed, and fire alarm
is given.
At the instruction of the master the CO2 extinguishing system for total
flooding of the engine room, should be released in accordance with the
instruction detailed at the control box.
As there may be local hot sports in the room, which could cause the fire
to break out again when the room is aired, the room should be kept
tightly closed until it is absolutely certain that sufficient cooling and
therefore. Complete extinguishing has been achieved.
During and after extinguishing all spaces adjacent to the engine room
should be frequently checked or preferably continuously watched so as to
prevent spreading of the fire by for e x a m p le overheating of bulkheads.
If necessary these can be cooled by water fog.
When the fire has been extinguished the room must be thoroughly aired and
inspected before it is used again, due to the effects of carbon dioxide
it is dangerous to enter the room before the CO2 contents have been
reduced to about 3-4%. Therefore, it should be properly checked by
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lowering a safety lamp or a wad of cotton waste soaked in ammonia
into the room, or by a CO2 indicator, that the CO2 concentration is
safe, it is safe provided the lamp is not extinguished or the was of
cotton waste does not give off white fumes.
Even so a fresh air apparatus and lifeline should be used when first
checking the room.
If there is any reason to believe that persons have been trapped by the
fire or the release of CO2 a rescue party must be organized immediately.
The party mist be equipped with fresh air apparatus (not ordinary smoke
masks) and the victims, if unconscious, must be given artificial
respiration as soon as they have been brought out.
An engine room fire will always involve a high risk to the safety of the
ship and its crew. It is therefore essential that the above procedure is
followed promptly and fire properly extinguished.
Masks with smoke filter protect against smoke but not against carbon
monoxide of carbon dioxide. In spaces where these gases are present, or
the air is for some other reason difficult in oxygen, persons enter in the
space must be equipped with breathing apparatus.
During a fire all adjacent spaces including spaces under and over the
space on fire must be kept under observation, for instance by temperature
measurements, so as to prevent spreading of the fire through bulkheads and
decks.
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used after being subject to strong heating until they have been examined
by the manufacturer or a competent authority.
After extinguishing of the fire, the seat of fire should be watched until
there is no risk of reignition. Also space adjacent to the seat of fire
should be. Watched and if possible examined to make sure that the fire has
not spread to these.
If cold stored, adjacent to the space which has been on fire are insulated
with cork, it is very important that these cold stores go carefully
examined and watched for a suitable time after extinguishing of the fire
as the heat of the fire may spread through steel bulkheads or steel decks
causing ignition or such a strong heating of the cork insulation that
explosive hot gases are released. Therefore, naked flames must not be
used in cork insulated cold store or near these as long as there is any
risk of hot gases being present.
When the alarm sounds the ship’s officers and crew should immediately
follow the standing instructions laid down in the ship’s fire plan.
The master of duty officer should check on the situation immediately and
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decide whether the fire should be extinguishing equipment.
The master must decide if the life boats are to be launched, and if the
ship is to be turned to reduce the risk if spreading the fire and to
assist extinguishing.
The air supply to the space on fire and all adjacent space must be shut
off as quickly as possible by stopping all fans, closing vents and oil
pipes, and by closing all other openings. However, hatches and vents must
not be closed. In case the fire involves the chlorates which contain
Care must always betaken before opening a during and smoke-filled room,
and fire extinguishing equipment must be ready for immediate use.
Further if should be noted that heat from a fire may develop explosive
gases in spaces which have not been in direct contact with the fire Thus
soya bean oil in a deep tank which are exposed to heat from a fire can evolve
methane, which is highly flammable.
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5. MAINTENANCE
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5. MAINTENANCE
5.1 FIRE DRILL
In order to familiarize the crew with the operation of the CO2 system,
it is recommended that a fire drill is held regularly.
It is advisable to assume that a fire has occurred and have the crew
perform the operations that would be necessary to bring the CO2 system
into action. Clearly, controls such as the operating levers on the
main bank CO2 cylinders must not be operated, otherwise CO2 would be
released.
If CO2 distribution valves are opened, make sure that each valve is
finally closed.
5.3 PIPES
Pipes lines throughout should be examined for damage, sign of carbon
dioxide to remove dirt which may have accumulated and to prove them
clear. A connection into main manifold is normally provided for this
purpose.
IMPORTANT NOTE
WATER AND ANY GAS UNDER PRESSURE, WITHOUT TAKING PROPER PRECAUTIONS,
REPORT, MUST NOT BE APPLIED TO PILOT CO2 PIPE LINES AS THIS COULD
RESULT IN RELEASE OF CYLINDER VALVES AND OPENING OF MAIN DISTRIBUTION
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VALVE. OXYGEN MUST NOT BE USED TO BELOW THROUGH PIPES.
While pipes are being blown though, the opportunity should be taken
check that the nameplates on distribution valve correctly designate the
spaces the serve.
Having serviced the smoke detector, a smoke test should be carried out
by applying smoke to the intake points in each cargo space. Check that
visual and audible fire alarms are operated and that each line module
in the smoke detector indicates smoke. Check the presence of smoke
visually by observation through the sight hole in the line module.
The gross and net weights and to be found stamped around the top of
each cylinder. If a cylinder is found to contain less than 90% of the
prescribed quantity CO2, it must be recharged.
Instructions for disconnection and removal are set out in later paragraphs.
Examine main CO2 pipe and pilot CO2 loops for damage. Inspect pilot
CO2 pipe lines and the CO2 release equipment in the control boxes.
Check pilot CO2 cylinder for correct CO2 quantity.
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Check the clamp block tightening condition reqularly after voyage and
Retighten the nuts if there is any loosen part.
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Most than one cylinder may be required to achieve a reasonable
test pressure depending upon the size of the installation.
If a cylinder was found to be underweight during the prior checking,
the CO2 from this should be used.
5. Discharge CO2 from the test cylinder (s), and check for leakage.
While manifolds and feed pipe are pressurized, prepare to check CO2
release equipment.
Remove pressure actuators fitted to cylinders used for pressure
test.
6. Warn personnel who may be working in the protected space the some
CO2 will be discharge into that space.
9. Check that each pressure actuator piston has advanced into the
operated position and that there are no leaks.
11. On completion of that work make sure that the CO2 cylinders used are
recharged and re-installed, pressure actuators are refitted,
distribution valves are shut and the CO2 room is secured.
4. Slacken the upper coupling nut which secures the main CO2 copper
connecting loop to the check valve manifold above the cylinder. If
the connecting loop is a flexible one, do not slacken the upper
coupling nut. Completely unscrew the lower coupling nut which
secures the connecting loop to the cylinder valve outlet.
5. Remove the cylinder racks. Do not remove all the cylinder front
straps at once.
2. Check that main CO2 connecting loop coupling nuts are secure.
3. Check that pressure actuators are properly fitted and are secured to
the cylinder valve by seeing that the U shaped locking pins are
driven fully down.
The Check valves in the manifold and the piston seals in the
pressure actuators prevent loss of CO2 from the broken connections.
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