SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF 1-BARREL BOX CULVERT

1 Design Dimensions and Bar Arrangements Class III Road (BM50)

Type of box culvert B2.0 x H1.5

Clear width m 2.00

Clear height m 1.50
Height of fillet m 0.15

Thickness Side wall cm 25.0

Top slab cm 25.0
Bottom slab cm 25.0

Cover of reinforcement bar (between concrete surface and center of reinforcement bar)
Side wall Outside cm 6.0
Inside cm 6.0
Top slab Upper cm 6.0
Lower cm 6.0
Bottom slab Lower cm 6.0
Upper cm 6.0

Bar arrangement (dia - spacing per unit length of 1.0 m)

Side wall Lower outside Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Middle inside Tensile bar mm 12@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper outside Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Top slab Upper edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Lower middle Tensile bar mm 16@250
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Bottom slab Lower edge Tensile bar mm 16@250

Distribution bar mm 12@250
Upper middle Tensile bar mm 12@125
Distribution bar mm 12@250

Fillet Upper edge Fillet bar mm 12@250

Lower edge Fillet bar mm 12@250

2 Design Parameters

Unit Weight Reinforced Concrete c= 2.4 tf/m3

3
Backfill soil (wet) s = 1.8 tf/m
3
(submerged) s'= 1.0 tf/m

Live Load Class of road Class III (BM50)

Truck load at rear wheel P= 5.0 tf
Impact coefficient (for Class I to IV road) Ci= 0.3 (D<4.0m)
0.0 (D>4.0m)
Pedestrian load (for Class V roads) 0 tf/m2

Concrete Design Strength ck= 300 kgf/cm2

(K300) Allowable Compressive Stress ca= 100 kgf/cm2
Allowable Shearing Stress a= 10 kgf/cm2

Reinforcement Bar Allowable Tensile Stress sa= 2,400 kgf/cm2

(U24, deformed bar) Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar sy= 5,000 kgf/cm2

Young's Modulus Ratio n= 8

Coefficient of static earth pressure Ka= 0.5

1/1 SingleBoxCulvert/01Summary
STRUCTURAL CALCULATION OF BOX CULVERT Type: B2.00m x H1.50m Class III Road
Soil Cover Depth: 6.0 m
1 Dimensions and Parameters
Basic Parameters asumsi
Ka: Coefficient of static earth pressure 0.5
w: Unit weight of water (t/m3) 1.00 t/m3
d: Unit weight of soil (dry) (t/m3) 1.80 t/m3
Gwd
s: Unit weight of soil (saturated) (t/m3) 2.00 t/m3
D
c: Unit weight of reinforced concrete (t/m3) 2.40 t/m3
ck: Concrete Design Strength 300 kgf/m2
ca Allowable Stress of Concrete 100 kgf/m2
t2
sa: Allowable Stress of Reinforcement Bar 2400 kgf/m2 400
a: Allowable Stress of Shearing (Concrete) 10 kgf/m2
sy: Yielding Point of Reinforcement Bar 5000 kgf/m2
n: Young's Modulus Ratio 8
H
Hf Fa: Safety factor against uplift 1.2
HT
Basic Dimensions
Hf
H: Internal Height of Box Culvert 3 1.50 m
t3 B: Internal Width of Box Culvert 4 2.00 m
t1 t1 Hf: Fillet Height 0.15 m
B t1: Thickness of Side Wall 5 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
t2: Thickness of Top Slab 6 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
BT t3: Thickness of Invert (Bottom Slab) 7 0.25 m (> 0.25m)
BT: Gross Width of Box Culvert 2.50 m
HT: Gross Height of Box Culvert 2.00 m
D: Covering Depth 8 6.00 m
Gwd: Underground Water Depth for Case 1, 2 6.00 m (= D)
hiw: Internal Water Depth for Case 1, 2 0.00 m
for Case 3, 4 1.50 m

Cover of R-bar Basic Conditions

Top Slab d2 0.06 m Classification of Live load by truck Class 3
Side Wall d1 0.06 m PTM: Truck load of Middle Tire 5.00 t
Bottom Slab d3 0.06 m Ii: Impact coefficient (D≧4.0m:0, D<4.0m:0.3) 0
am: Ground contact length of Middle Tire 0.10 m
bm: Ground contact width of Middle Tire 0.25 m
PTR: Truck load of Rear Tire 5.00 t
ar: Ground contact length of Rear Tire 0.10 m
br: Ground contact width of Rear Tire 0.25 m
PTF: Truck load of Front wheel 1.25 t
af: Ground contact length of Front Tire 0.10 m
bf: Ground contact width of Front Tire 0.25 m
qp: Pedestrian load 0.00 t/m2

Dimension of frame

t1 B t1
H0: Height of frame t2/2 + H + t3/2 1.750 m
D1 B0: Width of frame B + t1 2.250 m
t2 D1: Covering depth at middle of top slab D + t2/2 6.125 m

H H0

t3

B0

1/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
 Load distribution of truck tire

(1) Middle tire's acting point: center of the top slab

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 14.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 12.100 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 14.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 12.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire 2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf') 0.0148 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 14.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 12.100 m

(2) Middle tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') = 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 14.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 12.100 m
b) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 14.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 12.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire 2PTF(1+Ii)/(af'bf') 0.0148 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 14.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 12.100 m

(3) Rear tire's acting point: on the side wall

a) distributed load of rear tire
Pvtr: distributed load of rear tire 2PTR(1+Ii)/(ar'br') = 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
ar': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+br = 14.000 m
br': width of distributed load 2D+ar = 12.100 m
b) distributed load of middle tire
Pvtm: distributed load of middle tire 2PTM(1+Ii)/(am'bm') 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m
am': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bm = 14.000 m
bm': width of distributed load 2D+am = 12.100 m
c) distributed load of front tire
Pvtf: distributed load of front tire not reach to top slab 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m
af': length of distributed load 2D+1.75+bf = 14.000 m
bf': width of distributed load 2D+af = 12.100 m

(4) Combination of load distribution of track tire

Case.L1: Pvt1 = 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m Combination for Case.L2 (2) (2) (3) (3)
Pvt2 = 0.0590 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m a) + b) a) + c) a) + b) a) + c)
Case.L2: Pvt1 = 0.1181 tf/m2, B= 2.250 m Distributed load total 0.1181 0.0738 0.1181 0.0590
Pvt2 = 0.0000 tf/m2, B= 0.000 m Select the combination case of 0.1181 tf/m2,
for Case.L2, which is the largest load to the top slab.

In case of covering depth (D) is over 3.0m, uniform load of 1.0 tf/m2 is applied on the top slab of culvert instead of live load calculated above.

Distribution load by pedestrian load

Pvt1 = 0.000 tf/m2

2 Stability Analysis Against Uplift

Analysis is made considering empty inside of box culvert.
Fs=Vd/U > Fa Fs= 6.3816 > 1.2 ok
where, Vd: Total dead weight (t/m) Vd= 31.908 tf/m
U: Total uplift (t.m)
U=BT*HT*w U= 5.000 tf/m

Ws: Weight of covering soil Ws = BT*{(D-Gwd)*(sw)+Gwd*d} = 27.000 tf/m

Wc: Self weight of box culvert Wc = (HT*BT-H*B+2*Hf^2)*c = 4.908 tf/m
Fa: Safety factor against uplift Fa= 1.2

2/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
3 Load calculation
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.6907
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 12.4907

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000 we1= 1.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 5.4000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1250
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1250
Ph1= 6.1500

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*d*Gwd P3= 5.4000
P4=Ka*s*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.8750
P5=w*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 1.8750
Ph2= 9.6500

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.6907
Wtop Wtop= 0.6907
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.8000
Pvd Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.2222
Q= 11.7591

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 X = M/V = 1.125 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 2.2500 - 2.0250
invert 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 24.3000 - 1.1250 - 27.3375 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 11.7591 tf/m2
Pvt1 2.2500 - 1.1250 - 2.5313 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 11.7591 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 13.8250 - 0.8104 11.2036
side wall (right) - -13.8250 - 0.8104 -11.2036
internal water 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
uplift -5.0000 - 1.1250 - -5.6250
total 26.4580 29.7653

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 10.8000
Pvt1 1.0000
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.6907
Ws 0.8000
Pq= 13.2907

3/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.6907
Pvd=Gwd*gd+(D-Gwd)*gs Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 12.4907

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000 we1= 1.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*gd*Gwd P3= 5.4000
P4=Ka*gs*(D1-Gwd) P4= 0.1250
P5=gw*(D1-Gwd) P5= 0.1250
Ph1= 6.1500

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*d*Gwd P3= 5.4000
P4=Ka*s*(D1+H0-Gwd) P4= 1.8750
P5=w*(D1+H0-Gwd) P5= 1.8750
Ph2= 9.6500

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.6907
Wtop Wtop= 0.6907
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.8000
Pvd Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 0.0000 hiw: internal water depth 0.00 m
Up=-U/B0 U= -2.2222
Q= 11.7591

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 X = M/V = 1.1250 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 2.2500 - 2.0250
invert 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 24.3000 - 1.1250 - 27.3375 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 11.7591 tf/m2
Pvt1 2.2500 - 1.1250 - 2.5313 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 11.7591 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 13.8250 - 0.8104 11.2036
side wall (right) - -13.8250 - 0.8104 -11.2036
internal water 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
uplift -5.0000 - 1.1250 - -5.6250
total 26.4580 29.7653

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 10.8000
Pvt1 1.0000
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.6907
Ws 0.8000
total Pq= 13.2907

4/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.6907
Pvd=D*d Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 12.4907

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000 we1= 1.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*d*D1 P3= 5.5125
WP=-w*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 6.0125

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*d*(D1+H0) P3= 7.0875
WP=-w*H P4= -1.5000
Ph2= 6.0875

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.6907
Wtop Wtop= 0.6907
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.8000
Pvd Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 1.3133 hiw: internal water depth 1.500 m
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 15.2947

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 X = M/V = 1.1250 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 2.2500 - 2.0250
invert 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 24.3000 - 1.1250 - 27.3375 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 15.2947 tf/m2
Pvt1 2.2500 - 1.1250 - 2.5313 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 15.2947 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 10.5875 - 0.8732 9.2449
side wall (right) - -10.5875 - 0.8732 -9.2449
internal water 2.9550 - 1.1250 - 3.3244
uplift 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
total 34.4130 38.7146

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 10.8000
Pvt1 1.0000
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.6907
Ws 0.8000
total Pq= 13.2907

5/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2
1) vertical load against top slab
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wtop= (t2*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wtop= 0.6907
Pvd=D*d Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Pv1= 12.4907

2) horizontal load at top of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2) Horizontal pressure by track tire
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000 we1= 1.0000 tf/m2
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000 we2= 0.0000 tf/m2
P3=Ka*d*D1 P3= 5.5125
WP=-w*0 P4= 0.0000
Ph1= 6.0125

3) horizontal load at bottom of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m2)
P1=Ka*we1 P1= 0.5000
P2=Ka*we2 P2= 0.0000
P3=Ka*d*(D1+H0) P3= 7.0875
WP=-w*H P4= -1.5000
Ph2= 6.0875

4) self weight of side wall

Acting Load (tf/m)
Wsw=t1*H*c Wsw= 0.9000

5) ground reaction
Acting Load (tf/m2)
Wbot=(t3*BT+Hf^2)*c/B0 Wbot= 0.6907
Wtop Wtop= 0.6907
Ws=Wsw*2/B0 Ws= 0.8000
Pvd Pvd= 10.8000
Pvt1 Pvt1= 1.0000
Pvt2 Pvt2= 0.0000
Wiw=(hiw*B-2Hf^2)*w/B0 Wiw= 1.3133 hiw: internal water depth 1.500 m
Up=0 U= 0.0000
Q= 15.2947

summary of resistance moment

Item V H x y M
(tf/m) (tf/m) (m) (m) (tf.m/m) acting point of resultant force
Self weight top slab 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 X = M/V = 1.1250 m
side wall (left) 0.9000 - 0.0000 - 0.0000 e = B0/2 - X = 0.0000 m
side wall (right) 0.9000 - 2.2500 - 2.0250
invert 1.5540 - 1.1250 - 1.7483 ground reaction
load on top slab Pvd 24.3000 - 1.1250 - 27.3375 q1 = V/Bo + 6Ve/Bo^2 = 15.2947 tf/m2
Pvt1 2.2500 - 1.1250 - 2.5313 q2 = V/Bo - 6Ve/Bo^2 = 15.2947 tf/m2
Pvt2 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
soil pressure side wall (left) - 10.5875 - 0.8732 9.2449
side wall (right) - -10.5875 - 0.8732 -9.2449
internal water 2.9550 - 1.1250 - 3.3244
uplift 0.0000 - 1.1250 - 0.0000
total 34.4130 38.7146

6) load against invert

Acting Load (tf/m2)
Pvd 10.8000
Pvt1 1.0000
Pvt2 0.0000
Wtop 0.6907
Ws 0.8000
total Pq= 13.2907

Summary of Load Calculation

Item Pv1 Ph1 Ph2 Pq Wsw q1
Case (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m2) (tf/m) (tf/m2)
Case.1 12.4907 6.1500 9.6500 13.2907 0.9000 11.7591
Case.2 12.4907 6.1500 9.6500 13.2907 0.9000 11.7591
Case.3 12.4907 6.0125 6.0875 13.2907 0.9000 15.2947
Case.4 12.4907 6.0125 6.0875 13.2907 0.9000 15.2947

6/ 6 (1)SingleBoxCulvert, 02Load
4 Analysis of Plane Frame
Case 1: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 6.150 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 9.650 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 12.491 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 13.291 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 2.10547 tf･m

CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H02/60 = 1.92682 tf･m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 5.26950 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5.60700 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.7778
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.7778

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

2.7778 1.0 A -3.50153125

=
1.0 2.7778 B 3.34267708

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = -1.94596 C = -1.90391
B = 1.90391 D = 1.94596

1/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= -4.0935 tf･m
= 3.7887 tf･m
= -3.7887 tf･m
= 3.7887 tf･m
= -3.7887 tf･m
= 4.0935 tf･m
= -4.0935 tf･m
= 4.0935 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 9.650 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 6.150 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -4.0935 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 3.7887 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 7.597 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -6.228 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 4.074 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -3.747 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -4.093 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -3.789 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 7.5971 -9.6500 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 8.785
0.865
Bending moment at x = 0.8648 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -0.916 tf・m

2/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 12.491 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -3.7887 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 3.7887 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 14.052 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -14.052 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 9.306 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.306 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -3.789 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -3.789 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.125 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 4.116 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 6.150 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 9.650 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -3.7887 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 4.0935 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 6.228 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -7.597 tf

3/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 3.747 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -4.074 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -3.789 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -4.093 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 6.2279 -6.1500 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -7.035
0.885
Bending moment at x = 0.8852 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = ###### tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 13.291 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 13.291 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -4.09348 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 4.09348 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 14.952 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -14.952 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 9.902 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.902 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -4.093 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -4.093 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 14.9520 -13.2907 x , x = 1.125

Bending moment at x = 1.1250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 4.317 tf・m

4/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Case 2: Box Culvert Inside is Empty, Underground Water up to Top slab, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 6.150 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 9.650 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 12.491 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 13.291 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 2.10547 tf･m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 1.92682 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 5.26950 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5.60700 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.77778
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.77778

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

2.7778 1.0 A -3.50153125

=
1.0 2.7778 B 3.34267708

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = -1.94596 C = -1.90391
B = 1.90391 D = 1.94596

5/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD
= -4.0935 tf･m
= 3.7887 tf･m
= -3.7887 tf･m
= 3.7887 tf･m
= -3.7887 tf･m
= 4.0935 tf･m
= -4.0935 tf･m
= 4.0935 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 9.650 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 6.150 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -4.0935 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 3.7887 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 7.5971 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -6.2279 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 4.074 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.37 m
Sx2 = -3.747 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -4.093 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -3.789 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 7.5971 -9.6500 x + 1.0000 x2 , x = 8.785
0.865
Bending moment at x = 0.8648 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -0.916 tf・m

6/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 12.491 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -3.7887 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 3.7887 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 14.052 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -14.052 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 9.306 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.306 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -3.789 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -3.789 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.125 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 4.116 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 6.150 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 9.650 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -3.7887 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 4.0935 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 6.228 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -7.597 tf

7/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 3.747 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -4.074 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -3.789 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -4.093 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 6.2279 -6.1500 x -1.0000 x2 , x = -7.0352
0.8852
Bending moment at x = 0.8852 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = -0.9164 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 13.291 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 13.291 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -4.0935 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 4.0935 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 14.952 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -14.952 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 9.902 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.902 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -4.093 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -4.093 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 14.9520 -13.2907 x , x = 1.1250

Bending moment at x = 1.1250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 4.317 tf・m

8/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Case 3: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L1

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 6.013 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 6.088 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 12.491 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 13.291 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.54592 tf･m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 1.54210 tf･m
CBC = CCB = Pv1B02/12 + {(a2-b2)B02/2 - 2B0(a3-b3)/3 + (a4-b4)/4}Pv2/B02 = 5.26950 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5.60700 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.77778
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.77778

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

2.7778 1.0 A -4.06107552

=
1.0 2.7778 B 3.72740365

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = -2.23467 C = -2.14635
B = 2.14635 D = 2.23467

9/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB = -3.86892 tf･m
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA = 3.60012 tf･m
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC = -3.60012 tf･m
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB = 3.60012 tf･m
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD = -3.60012 tf･m
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC = 3.86892 tf･m
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA = -3.86892 tf･m
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD = 3.86892 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 6.088 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 6.013 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -3.8689 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 3.6001 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 5.458 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.129 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 3.148 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -2.841 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -3.869 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -3.600 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.4583 -6.0875 x + 0.0214 x2 , x = 283.184
0.899
Bending moment at x = 0.8995 m is;
Mmax = SABx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MAB = -1.417 tf・m

10/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 12.491 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -3.600 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 3.600 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 14.052 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -14.052 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 9.306 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.306 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -3.600 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -3.600 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.125 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 4.304 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 6.013 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 6.088 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -3.600 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 3.869 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 5.129 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.458 tf

11/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 2.841 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -3.148 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -3.600 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -3.869 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.1292 -6.0125 x -0.0214 x2 , x = -281.43
0.851
Bending moment at x = 0.8505 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = -1.417 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 13.291 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 13.291 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -3.869 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 3.869 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 14.952 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -14.952 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 9.902 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.902 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -3.869 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -3.869 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 14.9520 -13.2907 x , x = 1.125

Bending moment at x = 1.1250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 4.542 tf・m

12/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Case 4: Box Culvert Inside is Full, Underground Water up to invert, Track load Case. L2

1) Calculation of Load Term

Ph1 Horizontal Pressure at top of side wall 6.013 tf/m2
Ph2 Horizontal Pressure at bottom of side wall 6.088 tf/m2
Pv1 Vertical Pressure(1) on top slab 12.491 tf/m2
Pv2 Vertical Pressure(2) on top slab 0.000 tf/m2
Pq Reaction to bottom slab 13.291 tf/m2
a Distance from joint B to far end of Pv2 2.250 m B (t2) C
b Distance from joint B to near end of Pv2 0.000 m
H0 Height of plane frame 1.750 m
H0 (t1) (t1)
B0 Width of plane frame 2.250 m
t1 Thickness of side wall 0.250 m
t2 Thickness of top slab 0.250 m A (t3) D
t3 Thickness of invert (bottom slab) 0.250 m
B0

CAB = CDC = (2Ph1+3Ph2)H02/60 = 1.54592 tf･m

2
CBA = CCD = (3Ph1+2Ph2)H0 /60 = 1.54210 tf･m
2 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 2
CBC = CCB = Pv1B0 /12 + {(a -b )B0 /2 - 2B0(a -b )/3 + (a -b )/4}Pv2/B0 = 5.26950 tf･m
2
CDA = CAD = PqB0 /12 = 5.60700 tf･m

2) Calculation of Bending Moment at joint

k1 = 1.0
k2 = H0t23/(B0t13) = 0.77778
k3 = H0t33/(B0t13) = 0.77778

2(k1+k3) k1 0 k3 -3k1 A CAB - CAD

k1 2(k1+k2) k2 0 -3k1 B CBC - CBA
0 k2 2(k1+k2) k1 -3k1 C = CCD - CCB
k3 0 k1 2(k1+k3) -3k1 D CDA - CDC
k1 k1 k1 k1 -4k1 R 0

As load has bilateral symmetry, the equation shown below is formed.

A = -D B = -C R =0

2k1+k3 k1 A CAB - CAD

=
k1 2k1+k2 B CBC - CBA

2.7778 1.0 A -4.06107552

=
1.0 2.7778 B 3.72740365

By solving above equation, the result is led as shown below.

A = -2.23467 C = -2.14635
B = 2.14635 D = 2.23467

13/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 MAB = k1(2A +B) - CAB = -3.86892 tf･m
MBA = k1(2B+A)+CBA = 3.60012 tf･m
MBC = k2(2B+C) - CBC = -3.60012 tf･m
MCB = k2(2C+B)+CCB = 3.60012 tf･m
MCD = k1(2C+D) - CCD = -3.60012 tf･m
MDC =k1 (2D+ C)+CDC = 3.86892 tf･m
MDA = k3(2D+A) - CDA = -3.86892 tf･m
MAD = k3(2A+D)+CAD = 3.86892 tf･m

2) Calculation of Design Force

2-1) Side Wall in left
a) Shearing Force at joint MBA
w2
w1 Load at end A 6.088 tf/m2
w2 Load at end B 6.013 tf/m2 B
MAB Bending moment at end A -3.869 tf･m
MBA Bending moment at end B 3.600 tf･m
L
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m x
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m A
w1
SAB = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MAB+MBA)/L MAB
= 5.458 tf
SBA = SAB - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.129 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 3.148 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.37 m
Sx2 = -2.841 tf

c) Bending Moment
MA = MAB = -3.869 tf･m
MB = -MBA = -3.600 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SAB - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.4583 -6.0875 x + 0.0214 x2 , x = 283.184
0.899
Bending moment at x = 0.8995 m is;
2 3
Mmax = SABx - w1x /2 - (w2-w1)x /(6L) + MAB = -1.417 tf・m

14/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
2-2) Top Slab
a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Uniform load 12.491 tf/m2

a
w2 Uniform load 0.000 tf/m2 b
a Distance from end B to near end of w 0.000 m
b Length of uniform load w2 2.250 m
MBC Bending moment at end B -3.600 tf･m w2
MCB Bending moment at end C 3.600 tf･m
L Length of member (=Bo) 2.250 m w1
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m B C
d Effective height of member 0.190 m
MBC x MCB
SBC = (w1L+w2b)/2-(MBC+MCB)/L = 14.052 tf L
SCB = SBC -w1L - w2b = -14.052 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.

Sx = SBC - w1x - w2(x-a) in case of 0.000 m <= x <= 2.250 m

(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m

Sx1 = 9.306 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.306 tf

c) Bending Moment
MB = MBC = -3.600 tf･m
MC = -MCB = -3.600 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the center of member due to symmetry loading distribution.
Bending moment at x = 1.125 m is;
Mmax = SBCx - w1x2/2 - w2(x-a)2/2 + MBC = 4.304 tf・m

2-3) Side Wall in right

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Load at end C 6.013 tf/m2 MCD

w2 Load at end D 6.088 tf/m2
w1
MCD Bending moment at end C -3.600 tf･m C
MDC Bending moment at end D 3.869 tf･m L x
L Length of member (=H0) 1.750 m
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m D w2
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m MDC

SCD = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MCD+MDC)/L

= 5.129 tf
SDC = SCD - L(w1+w2)/2 = -5.458 tf

15/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
 b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint
Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 2.8414 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.370 m
Sx2 = -3.1481 tf

c) Bending Moment
MC = MCD = -3.600 tf･m
MD = -MDC = -3.869 tf･m

The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SCD - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 5.1292 -6.0125 x -0.0214 x2 , x = -281.4
0.851
Bending moment at x = 0.8505 m is;
Mmax = SCDx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MCD = -1.417 tf・m

2-4) Bottom Slab

a) Shearing Force at joint

w1 Reaction at end D 13.291 tf/m2

w2 Reaction at end A 13.291 tf/m2 L
MDA Bending moment at end B -3.869 tf･m MAD x MDA
MAD Bending moment at end C 3.869 tf･m
L Length of member (=B0) 2.250 m A D
ch Protective covering height 0.060 m
t Thickness of member (height) 0.250 m
d Effective height of member 0.190 m w2 w1

SDA = (2w1+w2)L/6 - (MDA+MAD)/L

= 14.952 tf
SAD = SDA - L(w1+w2)/2 = -14.952 tf

b) Shearing Force at 2d point from joint

Shearing force at the point with a distance of 2d from joint is calculated by following equation.
Sx = SDA- w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
(i) In case of x1 = 0.380 m
Sx1 = 9.902 tf
(ii) In case of x2 = 1.870 m
Sx2 = -9.902 tf

c) Bending Moment
MD = MDA = -3.869 tf･m
MA = -MAD = -3.869 tf･m
The maximum bending moment occurs at the point of that shearing force equal to zero.
Sx = 0 = SDA - w1x - (w2 - w1)x2/(2L)
= 14.9520 -13.2907 x , x = 1.125

Bending moment at x = 1.1250 m is;

Mmax = SDAx - w1x2/2 - (w2-w1)x3/(6L) + MDA = 4.542 tf・m

16/16 (2)SingleBoxCulvert03MSN
Summary of Internal forces

Check M N S (tf)
Member Case
Point (tf･m) (tf) at joint at 2d
Side wall A -4.093 14.952 7.597 4.074
(left) Case.1 Middle -0.916 14.507 0.000 -
B -3.789 14.052 -6.228 -3.747
A -4.093 14.952 7.597 4.074
Case.2 Middle -0.916 14.507 0.000 -
B -3.789 14.052 -6.228 -3.747
A -3.869 14.952 5.458 3.148
Case.3 Middle -1.417 14.489 0.000 -
B -3.600 14.052 -5.129 -2.841
A -3.869 14.952 5.458 3.148
Case.4 Middle -1.417 14.489 0.000 -
B -3.600 14.052 -5.129 -2.841
Top slab B -3.789 6.228 14.052 9.306
Case.1 Middle 4.116 6.228 0.000 -
C -3.789 6.228 -14.052 -9.306
B -3.789 6.228 14.052 9.306
Case.2 Middle 4.116 6.228 0.000 -
C -3.789 6.228 -14.052 -9.306
B -3.600 5.129 14.052 9.306
Case.3 Middle 4.304 5.129 0.000 -
C -3.600 5.129 -14.052 -9.306
B -3.600 5.129 14.052 9.306
Case.4 Middle 4.304 5.129 0.000 -
C -3.600 5.129 -14.052 -9.306
Side wall C -3.789 14.052 6.228 3.747
(right) Case.1 Middle -0.916 14.507 0.000 -
D -4.093 14.952 -7.597 -4.074
C -3.789 14.052 6.228 3.747
Case.2 Middle -0.916 14.507 0.000 -
D -4.093 14.952 -7.597 -4.074
C -3.600 14.052 5.129 2.841
Case.3 Middle -1.417 14.489 0.000 -
D -3.869 14.952 -5.458 -3.148
C -3.600 14.052 5.129 2.841
Case.4 Middle -1.417 14.489 0.000 -
D -3.869 14.952 -5.458 -3.148
Invert D -4.093 7.597 14.952 9.902
Case.1 Middle 4.317 7.597 0.000 -
A -4.093 7.597 -14.952 -9.902
D -4.093 7.597 14.952 9.902
Case.2 Middle 4.317 7.597 0.000 -
A -4.093 7.597 -14.952 -9.902
D -3.869 5.458 14.952 9.902
Case.3 Middle 4.542 5.458 0.000 -
A -3.869 5.458 -14.952 -9.902
D -3.869 5.458 14.952 9.902
Case.4 Middle 4.542 5.458 0.000 -
A -3.869 5.458 -14.952 -9.902

1/1 (3)SingleBoxCulvert04Sum MSN

5 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
5-1 Calculation of Required Reinforcement Bar
1) At Joint "A"　of side wall
Case.1
M= 4.0935 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.9520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.5971 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4.0745 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 27.38 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 112.914 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +407.91 c^2 -25257 c -3788494.00
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2735
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 5.9922 cm2

Case.2
M= 4.0935 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.9520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 7.5971 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 4.0745 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 27.38 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 112.914 kgf/cm2 ( -2E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +407.91 c^2 -25257 c -3788494.00
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2735
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 5.9922 cm2

Case.3
M= 3.8689 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.9520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.4583 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.1481 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25.88 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 109.867 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +409.77 c^2 -24137 c -3620544.14
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2681
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 5.4274 cm2

Case.4
M= 3.8689 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.9520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.4583 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.1481 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25.88 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 109.867 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +409.77 c^2 -24137 c -3620544.14
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2681
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 5.4274 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 5.9922 cm2 in Case. 1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 5.9922 5.9922 5.4274 5.4274 (cm2)

2) At Joint "B"　of side wall

Case.1
M= 3.7887 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.0520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 6.2279 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.7465 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 26.96 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 107.962 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +410.92 c^2 -23445 c -3516777.72
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2646
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 5.4542 cm2

Case.2
M= 3.7887 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.0520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 6.2279 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 3.7465 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 26.96 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 107.962 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +410.92 c^2 -23445 c -3516777.72
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2646
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 5.4542 cm2

1/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 3.6001 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.0520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.1292 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.8414 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25.62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 105.343 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +412.49 c^2 -22505 c -3375746.99
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2599
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 4.9818 cm2

Case.4
M= 3.6001 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.0520 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 5.1292 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 2.8414 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 25.62 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 105.343 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +412.49 c^2 -22505 c -3375746.99
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2599
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 4.9818 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 5.4542 cm2 in Case. 1 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 5.4542 5.4542 4.9818 4.9818 (cm2)

3) At Joint "B"　of top slab

Case.1
M= 3.7887 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 6.2279 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.0520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.3055 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 60.83 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 100.818 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +415.15 c^2 -20909 c -3136410.15
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2515
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.4429 cm2
Case.2
M= 3.7887 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 6.2279 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.0520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.3055 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 60.83 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 100.818 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +415.15 c^2 -20909 c -3136410.15
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2515
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.4429 cm2
Case.3
M= 3.6001 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.1292 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.0520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.3055 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 70.19 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 97.059 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +417.31 c^2 -19613 c -2941965.97
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2444
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.2542 cm2

Case.4
M= 3.6001 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.1292 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.0520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.3055 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 70.19 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 97.059 kgf/cm2 ( -0.0003 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +417.31 c^2 -19613 c -2941965.97
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2444
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.2542 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 7.4429 cm2 in Case. 1 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 7.4429 7.4429 7.2542 7.2542 (cm2)

2/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

4) At Joint "A"　of invert
Case.1
M= 4.0935 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5971 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.9520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.9015 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 53.88 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 106.371 kgf/cm2 ( -1E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +411.88 c^2 -22873 c -3430935.12
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2618
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.8560 cm2

Case.2
M= 4.0935 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5971 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.9520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.9015 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 53.88 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 106.371 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +411.88 c^2 -22873 c -3430935.12
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2618
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.8560 cm2

Case.3
M= 3.8689 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.4583 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.9520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.9015 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 70.88 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 101.250 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +414.9 c^2 -21060 c -3159007.78
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2523
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.8389 cm2

Case.4
M= 3.8689 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.4583 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
S0= 14.9520 tf n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
S2d= 9.9015 tf c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 70.88 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 101.250 kgf/cm2 ( -1E-08 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +414.9 c^2 -21060 c -3159007.78
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2523
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 7.8389 cm2

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 7.8560 cm2 in Case. 1 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 7.8560 7.8560 7.8389 7.8389 (cm2)

5) At Middle of side wall

Case.1
M= 0.9164 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.5073 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 6.32 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 63.0003 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +434.55 c^2 -9271.3 c -1390700.33
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1736
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

Case.2
M= 0.9164 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.5073 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 6.32 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 63.000 kgf/cm2 ( 0.0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +434.55 c^2 -9271.3 c -1390700.33
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1736
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

3/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

 Case.3
M= 1.4167 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.4894 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 9.78 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 72.095 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +430.4 c^2 -11760 c -1763976.86
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1938
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member
Case.4
M= 1.4167 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 14.4894 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 9.78 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 72.095 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +430.4 c^2 -11760 c -1763976.86
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.1938
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 0.0000 cm2 Tensile is on outside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 0.0000 cm2 in Case. 4 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement - - - - (cm2)
Side outside outside outside outside

6) At Middle of top slab

Case.1
M= 4.1156 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 6.2279 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 66.08 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 105.440 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +412.43 c^2 -22539 c -3380895.43
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2601
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 8.2592 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.2
M= 4.1156 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 6.2279 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 66.08 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 105.440 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +412.43 c^2 -22539 c -3380895.43
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2601
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 8.2592 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.3
M= 4.3041 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.1292 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 83.91 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 107.069 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +411.46 c^2 -23123 c -3468512.70
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2630
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 9.0102 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
Case.4
M= 4.3041 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.1292 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 83.91 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 107.069 kgf/cm2 ( -2E-06 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +411.46 c^2 -23123 c -3468512.70
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2630
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 9.0102 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member
The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 9.0102 cm2 in Case. 3 from above calculation.
Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 8.2592 8.2592 9.0102 9.0102 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

4/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

7) At Middle of invert
Case.1
M= 4.3170 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5971 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 56.82 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c =####### kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k. h d
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0 d
 0 = c^3 +410.02 c^2 -23988 c -3598130.50
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2673
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 8.4167 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.2
M= 4.3170 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 7.5971 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 56.82 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 109.457 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +410.02 c^2 -23988 c -3598130.50
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2673
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 8.4167 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.3
M= 4.5416 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.4583 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 83.21 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 110.625 kgf/cm2 ( -3E-05 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +409.31 c^2 -24414 c -3662102.88
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2694
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 9.5228 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

Case.4
M= 4.5416 tf･m ca = 100 kgf/m2 h= 25 cm (height of member)
N= 5.4583 tf sa = 2400 kgf/m2 d= 19 cm (effective height of member)
n= 8 d' = 6 cm (protective covering depth)
c= 6.50 cm (distance from neutral axis)
b= 100 cm
e = M/N = 83.21 cm
Solving the formula shown below, c = 110.625 kgf/cm2 ( 0 kgf/cm2) o.k.
c^3+{3sa/(2n) - 3N(e+c)/(bd^2)}c^2 - 6N(e+c)sac/(nbd^2) - 3N(e+c)sa^2/(n^2bd^2) = 0
 0 = c^3 +409.31 c^2 -24414 c -3662102.88
s = nc/(nc+sa) = 0.2694
Asreq = (c*s/2 - N/(bd))bd/sa = 9.5228 cm2 Tensile is on inside of member

The maximum requirement of reinforcement bar is 9.5228 cm2 in Case. 3 from above calculation.

Case. 1 2 3 4
Requirement 8.4167 8.4167 9.5228 9.5228 (cm2)
Side inside inside inside inside

8) Summary of required reinforcement

Required reinforcement for design is the maximum required reinforcement calculated above in 1) - 4).

Item Side wall Side wall Top slab Invert Side wall Top slab Invert
Point bottom top end end middle middle middle
Side outside outside outside outside inside inside inside
Calculation 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7)
Requirement 5.992 5.454 7.443 7.856 0.000 9.010 9.523 (cm2)

5/ 5 (4)SingleBoxCulvert, 11R-bar req

6 Bar Arrangement and Calculation of Stress
Type: B2.00m x H1.50m
Side wall Top slab Invert
bottom middle top end middle end middle
outside inside outside outside inside outside inside
Bending moment M kgfcm 409,348 141,669 378,868 378,868 430,413 409,348 454,158
Shearing force (joint) S kgf 7,597 0 6,228 14,052 0 14,952 0
Shearing force (2d) S2d kgf 4,074 - 3,747 9,306 - 9,902 -
Axial force N kgf 14,952 14,489 14,052 6,228 5,129 7,597 5,458
Height of member h cm 25 25 25 25 25 25 25
Covering depth d' cm 6 6 6 6 6 6 6
Effective height d cm 19 19 19 19 19 19 19
Effective width b cm 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
Effective area bd cm2 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900 1900
Young's modulus ratio n - 8 8 8 8 8 8 8

Required R-bar Asreq cm2 5.99 - 5.45 7.44 9.01 7.86 9.52

R-bar arrangement 16@250 12@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 16@250 12@125

Reinforcement As cm2 8.04 4.52 8.04 8.04 8.04 8.04 9.05

Perimeter of R-bar U ｃｍ 20.11 15.08 20.11 20.11 20.11 20.11 30.16
M/N e cm 27.377 9.777 26.962 60.834 83.914 53.882 83.205
Dist. from neutral axis c cm 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50 6.50
a' 44.6 -8.2 43.4 145.0 214.2 124.1 212.1
b' 130.7 35.3 129.1 259.9 348.9 233.0 389.7
c' -2484.1 -671.0 -2453.6 -4937.2 -6629.6 -4427.5 -7403.9
x 5.84 10.72 5.87 4.94 4.76 5.02 5.01
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
(check) ok ok ok ok ok ok ok

Compressive stress c kgf/cm2 101.7 28.5 94.0 97.9 111.8 105.4 112.8
Allowable stress ca kgf/cm2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
check ok ok ok check check check
Tensile stress s kgf/cm2 1834.6 176.5 1683.5 2230.8 2674.7 2348.1 2518.9
Allowable stress sa kgf/cm2 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0 2400.0
ok ok ok ok check ok check
Shearing stress at joint  kgf/cm2 4.00 0.00 3.28 7.40 0.00 7.87 0.00
Allowable stress a kgf/cm2 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00 20.00
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Shearing stress at 2d 2d kgf/cm2 2.14 - 1.97 4.90 - 5.21 -
Allowable stress 2da kgf/cm2 10.00 - 10.00 10.00 - 10.00 -
ok - ok ok - ok -

Resisting Moment Mr kgfcm 402,937 335,262 400,886 386,848 385,467 388,781 403,333
Mr for compression Mrc kgfcm 402,937 335,262 400,886 386,848 385,467 388,781 403,333
x for Mrc cm 5.869 4.950 5.764 4.923 4.815 5.062 5.070
s for Mrc kgf/cm2 1790.0 2270.5 1837.0 2287.2 2356.6 2202.9 2198.0
Mr for tensile Mrs kgfcm 665,581 453,610 649,192 511,692 493,086 535,119 555,788
x for Mrs cm 6.586 5.665 6.499 5.686 5.562 5.836 5.867
c for Mrs kgf/cm2 159.2 127.5 156.0 128.1 124.2 133.0 134.0

Distribution bar (>As/6 and >Asmin) 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52 4.52
ok ok ok ok ok ok ok
Reinforcement bar for fillet 12@250 12@250
Reinforcement As cm2 4.52 4.52

Minimum requirement of reinforcement bar As min = 4.5 cm2

1/1 (5)SingleBoxCulvert12R-bar stress