Final Analysis

CHAPTER 6
ANALYSIS AND DATA FINDINGS
6.1 Introduction:
The principal objective of the thesis is to study Micro, Small and Medium units in the study
area across the textile and chemical industry.
The analysis is done at three levels. One is overall analysis of study area. Secondly, Micro,
Small and Medium sized enterprises and thirdly of Textile and Chemical SMEs. This analysis will
help to understand as well study about the SMEs of selected area.
Also this study facilitates comparison among nature of units as well among type of enterprises.
It clearly depicts the current situation of the study area.
The analysis of the said chapter is based on data collected from the field of survey. The
analysis comprises ofseven parts. They are as follow:
Part I-Socio-economic profile of respondents- This part has explored socio-economic aspects like
demochartic, educational, infrastructural etc. of respondents. Separate profile is prepared for both
entrepreneurs and employees.
Part II- About SME’s - This section will emphasize on structure of SME’s with reference to size,
employees, policies, Environmental norms, financial sourcing, market information and many more.
Part III- Awareness level- This part elaborates the awareness level of SME’s Entrepreneur
respondents regarding government schemes offered by MSME.
Part IV- Growth of SMEs and working employees under it- This section will explain in detail
about growth pattern of SMEs in terms of sales, profit, export, Technologies adopted etc. in span of
five years.
Environmental impact of SMEs on working employees and labour –This part portrays the facts of
Textile and Chemical industries from Tarapur MIDC area are creating adverse impact on employees
working in different units along with non-working and residential area.
Part V Problems and challenges faced by SMEs and employees. - This section is divided into two
parts.
(A) Part A talks about problems and challenges faced by SMEs.

(B) The part B focuses on problems faced by labours and employees. All three levels of employees
are taken into consideration for redressing the problems.
Part VI- Job security and safety of Labours and welfare cum CSR facilities by SMEs- This part
elaborates the job security and insecurity reasons to work with Textile and Chemical SMEs. It covers
aspects like PEP facilities offered to employees, Welfare facilities as well CSR activities conducted
by SMEs.
Part VII-Hypothesis Testing: This part deals with testing of hypothesis with help of suitable
statistical tools.
SUGGESTIONS9. To suggest measures for the revival of Small and Medium Enterprises in Textile and
Chemical industry in Tarapur.
6.2 Part I-Socio-economic profile of respondents-
A. SME respondents:
Table No. Birthplace state of SME respondents
Cumulative
Birth place Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Per cent
Agra 7 3.9 3.9 3.9
Bengal 3 1.7 1.7 5.6
Chennai 4 2.2 2.2 7.8
Delhi 12 6.7 6.7 14.4
Gujarat 47 26.1 26.1 40.6
Kolkata 1 .6 .6 41.1
Maharashtra 102 56.7 56.7 97.8
Rajasthan 2 1.1 1.1 98.9
Tamilnadu 1 .6 .6 99.4
Varanasi 1 .6 .6 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Birthplace state of SME respondents
60
50
40
30
20 Per cent
10
0
a. Out of total 180 SMEs entrepreneur 56.7 per cent were belonging to Maharashtra which is being a
majority.
b. 26.1 per cent to Gujarat, 6.7 per cent to Delhi, 2.2 per cent from Chennai, 3.9 per cent from Agra, 1.7
per cent from Bengal and 0.6 per cent from Kolkata, Tamilnadu and Varanasi respectively.
c. This shown majority of the entrepreneurs were having their SMEs from Maharashtra only.
Birthplace state Micro Small Medium Total
Agra 1 6 0 7
Bengal 1 2 0 3
Chennai 0 4 0 4
Delhi 3 9 0 12
Gujarat 8 38 1 47
Kolkata 1 0 0 1
Maharashtra 22 76 4 102
Rajasthan 0 2 0 2
Tamilnadu 0 1 0 1
Varanasi 1 0 0 1
Total 37 138 5 180
Micro Small Medium
76
38
22
6 9 8
1 0 120 040 3 0 1 100 4 020 010 100
The birth state of the SME respondents was studied to know the background of the entrepreneurs. To which
state they belong. This helped to understand is the ownership pattern is of in state entrepreneurs or out state
Entrepreneurs.
a. Among 180 SME entrepreneur respondents 102 respondents were from Maharashtra of which 76 owed
Small enterprises and 22 Micro.
b. This is followed by 47 respondents from Gujarat, majorly staking Small enterprises.
c. Rest States were Delhi, Chennai and other states of the country with the ownership stake.
Birthplace state Textile Chemical Total
Agra 5 2 7
Bengal 0 3 3
Chennai 3 1 4
Delhi 4 8 12
Gujarat 22 25 47
Kolkata 0 1 1
Maharashtra 39 63 102
Rajasthan 2 0 2
Tamilnadu 1 0 1
Varanasi 1 0 1
Total 77 103 180
Textile Chemical
63
39
25
22
8
5 3 3 1 4
2 0 0 1 2 0 1 0 1 0
a. Among 102 SME entrepreneurs’ respondents from Maharashtra, 63 were the owners of Chemical
SMEs and 39 from Textile SMEs.
b. From Gujarat 22 were the entrepreneur respondents of Textile producing Enterprise and 25 from
Chemical producing Enterprise.
c. Delhi as 4 Textile and 8 chemical SME respondents and Agra with 5 Textile and 2 chemical SME
respondents were succeeding after Maharashtra and Gujrat SME respondents od Tarapur MIDC area.
Table No. Age group of SME respondents
Age group Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Per cent
36-45 100 55.6 55.6 55.6
46-60 62 34.4 34.4 90.0
61 and above 18 10.0 10.0 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Age group of SME respondents
36-45 46-60 61 and above
10%
34%
56%
a. From 180 SMEs entrepreneurs 55.6 per cent were belonging to the age group of 26 to 45 years.
b. 34.4 per cent from 46 to 60 years age group.
c. Only 10 per centof them were very senior falling in the age group of 61 years and above.
It can be seen that Majority of the respondents were from the age group of 36 to 45 years. This shows manyof
the respondents belongs to middle age group.
Age Group
Category of
product
produced 36-45 46-60 61 and above Total
Textile 44 25 8 77
Chemical 56 37 10 103
Total 100 62 18 180
Textile Chemical
56
44
37
25
8 10
36-45 46-60 61 and above

Age Group
a. 44 Textile and 56 Chemical SME respondents were of age group 36-45 years.
b. 25 Textile and 37 Chemical SME respondents were belonging to age group 46-60 years.
c. Only 8 Textile and 10 Chemical SME respondents were of the age group 61 and above.
The above chart shows Textile and Chemical both SME respondents were of the age group 36 to 45 years.
Type of Enterprise Age Group

36-45 46-60 61 and above Total
Micro 18 15 4 37
Small 79 45 14 138
Medium 3 2 0 5
Total 100 62 18 180

Micro Small Medium
79
45
18 15 14
3 2 4 0
36-45 46-60 61 and above

Age Group
a. All respondents were belonging to vibrant range of ages. 18 from Micro, 79 Small and 3 respondents from
medium sized enterprises were belonging to 36-45 age groups.
b. 46-60 age group was consisting 15 from Micro, 45 Small and 2 Medium sized enterprise respondents.
c. Only 4 from Micro and 14 of Small enterprise respondents were falling between the age group of 61 and
above.
It is found that along with textile and chemical SME respondents are as per type of enterprise age group of 36
to 45 years.
It was found that age group of the entrepreneurs of the textile and chemical SME units belonged to age group
between 36 to 45 years.
Table No. Education of SME respondents
Education Frequency Per cent Valid Cumulative

Per cent Per cent
Up to S.S.C 4 2.2 2.2 2.2
H.S.C 58 32.2 32.2 34.4
ITI 10 5.6 5.6 40.0
B.E 53 29.4 29.4 69.4
Graduation 16 8.9 8.9 78.3
Post-Graduation 39 21.7 21.7 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Education of Entrepreneurs
Up to S.S.C H.S.C ITI B.E Graduation Post-Graduation
2%
22%
32%
9%
29% 6%
a. Education wise 32.2 per centof the entrepreneur respondents had completed their HSC, 29.4 per cent
B.E., 21.7per cent did their Post-graduation, 8.9 per cent graduation and 5.6 per cent did ITI. 2.2 per
centof the entrepreneurs could take their education up to only SSC.
b. Among all 180 SME respondents 4 entrepreneurs had taken their education only up to S.S.C. class,
majority of them completed their H.S.C., 10 of the respondents did their ITI course of diploma, 53
respondents were B.E., 16 as graduate and 29 of them were post graduate.
c. 108 SME respondents were graduates and 63 SME respondents were having technical knowledge.
This shows that the majority of the respondents are graduates and around 35 per centof them are
technical experts from respective fields.
Type of Education of Entrepreneurs

Enterprise Up to S.S.C H.S.C ITI B.E Graduation Post-Graduation Total
Micro 0 17 4 10 1 5 37
Small 4 40 6 41 14 33 138
Medium 0 1 0 2 1 1 5
Total 4 58 10 53 16 39 180
Micro Small Medium
40 41
33
17 14
10
4 1 4 6 2 1 1
5
1
0 0 0
The above table and graphs shows that-

a. Only 4 Small enterprise’s respondents completed their education up to S.S.C.
b. 17 Micro, 40 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise’s respondents did complete their H.S.C.
c. I.T.I. diploma course were completed by 4 Micro and 6 Small enterprise’s respondents.
d. Majority of the respondents have completed their B.E. technical qualification of which 10 were Micro, 41
Small and 2 were Medium sized enterprise’s respondents.
e. Non-technical graduation was done by 1 micro, 14 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise’s respondents.
Above chart states Small type of enterprise’s entrepreneur respondents are more qualified than Micro and
small enterprise respondents.
So it is concluded that small scale SME entrepreneurs are qualified when we compare with Micro and
Medium SME entrepreneurs.
Category of Education of Entrepreneurs

product Up to H.S.C ITI B.E Graduation Post- Total
produced S.S.C Graduation
Textile 1 23 3 25 8 17 77
Chemical 3 35 7 28 8 22 103
Total 4 58 10 53 16 39 180
Textile Chemical
35
28
23 25
22
17
7 8 8
1 3 3
a. Out of 4 SME respondents who completed their SSC only 1 was from Textile and other 3 from Chemical
SMEs.
b. 58 respondents who completed their HSC, 35 of them were Chemical SME respondents and 23 were
Textile SME respondents.
c. 10 of the respondents who completed their ITI diploma course, 7 SME respondents were from Chemical
SME and 3 from Textile.
d. 53 respondents who did their B.E., 28 were from Chemical SME and 25were from Textile SME.
e. Post-graduation was completed only by 39 respondents out of which 17 were from Textile SME and 22
from Chemical SMEs.
The above table and graph depicts Chemical SME’s respondents were more qualified than Textile
SME respondents. Technical degree or education is marginally equal in Textile and Chemical SMEs.
Table No. Migrated SME Respondents
Cumulative
Response Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Per cent
Yes 86 47.8 47.8 47.8
No 94 52.2 52.2 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Migrated SME Respondents
Yes No
48%
52%
From 180 entrepreneurs 47.8 per cent were migrated from their place of origin and 52.2 per cent were not
migrated. This shows around 48 per cent which is bit higher per centof the respondents who were migrated.
Table No. Migrated SME Respondents
Type of Migration
Enterprise Yes No Total
Micro 17 20 37
Small 68 70 138
Medium 1 4 5
Total 86 94 180
Migration YES Migration NO

68 70
17 20
1 4
Micro Small Medium
a. Among 86 respondents who were migrated of which 17 were Micro, 68 Small and 1 Medium sized
enterprise respondents.
b. This states small enterprise was having major migrated entrepreneurs than Micro and Medium
enterprises in study area.
Category of product Migration

produced Yes No Total
Textile 38 39 77
Chemical 48 55 103
Total 86 94 180

60
50
40
30
Textile
20 Chemical
10
0
YES NO
Migration
38 textile and 48 chemical SME respondents were migrated. This depicts Chemical SME respondents were
more migrated from their place of origin than Textile SME respondents.
Table No. Migrated Places of SME respondents
Migration from which place Cumulative

Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Per cent
Other Districts of Maharashtra 8 4.4 4.4 4.4
Outside Maharashtra 78 43.3 43.3 47.8
Not Applicable 94 52.2 52.2 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Migrated Places of SME respondents
Percent
52.2
43.3
4.4
Other Districts of Outside Not Applicable

Maharashtra Maharashtra
4.4 per centof the entrepreneurs were migrated from Other district of Maharashtra, whereas majority of
the entrepreneurs 43.3 per cent were migrated from Other than Maharashtra state.
This concludes that majority of the entrepreneurs were from outside Maharashtra state.
Type of Migration from which place

Enterprise
Other Districts of Outside Not Total
Maharashtra Maharashtra Migrated
Micro 2 15 20 37
Small 6 62 70 138
Medium 0 1 4 5
Total 8 78 94 180
Migrated Places of SME respondents

Micro Small Medium
70
62
20
15
6 4
2 0 1
Other Districts of Outside Maharashtra Not Migrated

Maharashtra
Migration from which place
a. Among those 86 respondents, 8 who were migrated from other districts of Maharashtra 2 were Micro and 6
Small Enterprise respondents.
b. 15 Micro, 62 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise’s respondents were migrated from Other than
Maharashtra state.
c. Rest all 94 respondents were residents of Palghar and Thane.
It is found that majority of the small respondents were migrated from Outside the Maharashtra State.
Category of Migration from which place

product
produced Other Districts of Outside Not Total
Maharashtra Maharashtra Migrated
Textile 0 38 39 77
Chemical 8 40 55 103
Total 8 78 94 180
Place of Migrated SME respondent
Textile Chemical
55
38 40 39
8
0
Other Districts of Outside Maharashtra Not Migrated

Maharashtra
Migration from which place
a. Only 8 Chemical respondents were migrated from Other Districts of Maharashtra.

b. 38 Textile and 40 chemical SME Respondents were migrated from other states than Maharashtra.
It is seen that both textile and chemical SME respondents were migrated from other states than Maharashtra.
Table No. Current residence of Entrepreneurs
Current residence
of Entrepreneurs Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent
Mumbai 60 33.3 33.3 33.3
Thane 65 36.1 36.1 69.4
New Mumbai 51 28.3 28.3 97.8
Palghar 3 1.7 1.7 99.4
Dahanu 1 .6 .6 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Current residence of Entrepreneurs
Percent
36.1
33.3
28.3
1.7 0.6
Mumbai Thane New Palghar Dahanu

Mumbai
a. 4.4 per centof the entrepreneurs were migrated from other district of Maharashtra, whereas majority of
the entrepreneurs 43.3 per cent were migrated from Other than Maharashtra state.
b. This concludes that majority of the entrepreneurs were from outside Maharashtra state.

Category of product New
produced Mumbai Thane Mumbai Palghar Dahanu Total
Textile 31 25 17 3 1 77
Chemical 29 40 34 0 0 103
Total 60 65 51 3 1 180
45
40
40
34
35 31
29
30
25
25
20 17
15
10
5 3
0 1 0
0
Mumbai Thane New Mumbai Palghar dahanu
Textile Chemical
a. 31 Textile and 29 Chemical SME respondents were residing in Mumbai.

b. Among 65 respondents who were residing in Thane, 25 were of Textile and 40 chemical SME’s
respondents.
c. 17 of Textile and 34 Chemical SME respondents were residing in Navi Mumbai.
d. Only 3 Textile SME respondents were residing in Palghar.
e. Exceptionally 1 respondent was residing in Dahanu.
It can be seen that chemical SME respondents were found more in Thane region and Textile SME respondents
were from Mumbai.

Type of New
Enterprise Mumbai Thane Mumbai Palghar Dahanu Total
Micro 10 10 15 2 0 37
Small 48 54 34 1 1 138
Medium 2 1 2 0 0 5
Total 60 65 51 3 1 180
60 54
48
50
40 34
30
20 15
10 10
10
2 1 2 2 1 0 0 1 0
0
Mumbai Thane New Mumbai Palghar dahanu
Micro Small Medium
a. All 180 respondents were residing in different places of which 10 Micro, 48 Small and 2 Medium sized
enterprise respondents were residing in Mumbai.
b. 10 Micro, 54 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise respondents were residing in Thane area.
c. Many of the respondents were residing in Navi Mumbai location of which 15 were Micro, 34 Small and 2
from Medium sized enterprise’s respondents.
d. Only 3 respondents who were residing in Palghar, 2 were Micro and 1 Small sized enterprise’s respondents.
e. Only 1 of the respondent was residing in Dahanu.
The above chart shows that Small SME respondents were majorly from Thane region and 15 Micro SME
respondents were from Navi Mumbai region. This concludes majority of the respondents were not from
Palghar and Dahanu region.
B. SMEs Employee respondents:
Table No. Marital Status of SME units Employee respondents
Marital Status Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Per cent
Married 556 61.8 61.8 61.8
Not Married 337 37.4 37.4 99.2
Divorced 7 0.8 0.8 100
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Marital Status of SME unitsEmployee respondents
Per cent
61.8
37.4
0.8
Married Not Married Divorced
Interpretation: Among 900 respondents 61.8 per cent are married, 37.4 per cent are unmarried and 0.8 per cent
respondents are divorced.
Type of Marital Status

Enterprise
Married Not Married Divorced Total
Micro 64.30% 34.60% 1.10% 100.00%
Small 61.20% 38.10% 0.70% 100.00%
Medium 60.00% 40.00% 0.00% 100.00%
Total 61.80% 37.40% 0.80% 100.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
Micro
40.00%
Small
30.00%
Medium
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Further, the test has been carried out on testing of the relationship between micro, small and medium
enterprises with the level of marital status of employees.
a. Out of 900 employees, 64.30% were found to be married and 34.60% was not married in micro
enterprises.
b. 38.10% out of 37.40% were not married in small enterprises.
c. Overall results establish, higher per cent of employees are married in micro, small and medium
enterprises, only 0.80% of them are divorced in three enterprises.
Category of Marital Status

product
produced Married Not Married Divorced Total
Textile 63.60% 35.10% 1.30% 100.00%
Chemical 60.40% 39.20% 0.40% 100.00%
Total 61.80% 37.40% 0.80% 100.00%
Textile Chemical
63.60%
60.40%
39.20%
35.10%
1.30% 0.40%
Many research studies try to establish on the job satisfaction, security with the marital status of the
employees. In this research study, we try to establish on the linkages between industry and marital status.
a. Out of 900 employees, 61.80% were found to be married and 39.20% was not married in chemical
industry and 35.10% out of 37.40% were not married in textile industry.
b. Overall results establish, higher per cent of employees are married in textile and chemical industry
only 1.30% of them are divorced in textile industries.
Table No. Education of Employee respondents
Valid Per Cumulative

Education Frequency Per cent cent Per cent
less than 5th 85 9.4 9.4 9.4
5th to SSC 121 13.4 13.4 22.9
HSC 332 36.9 36.9 59.8
Under Graduation 253 28.1 28.1 87.9
Post-Graduation 109 12.1 12.1 100
Total 900 100 100
Education of Employee respondents
Per cent
36.9
28.1
13.4 12.1
9.4
Interpretation: Out of total respondents highest degree obtained is H.S.C. by 36.9 per cent respondents.
28.1 per cent respondents were graduated and 12.1 per cent were postgraduate. 13.4 per cent and 9.4% per
cent respondents were less educated that is fifth class to S.S.C. and less than fifth class respectively.
Type of Education
Enterprise
less than 5th 5th to HSC Under Post- Total
SSC Graduation Graduation
Micro 8.10% 13.50% 45.40% 24.30% 8.60% 100.00%
Small 7.25% 13.20% 34.30% 29.30% 15.94% 100.00%
Medium 0.00% 20.00% 44.00% 24.00% 12.00% 100.00%
Total 7.22% 13.40% 36.90% 28.10% 14.33% 100.00%
50.00%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00% Micro
15.00%
10.00% Small
5.00% Medium
0.00%
SMEs are becoming increasingly important in terms of employment, wealth creation, and the
development of innovation and educational qualification acts as an important element in determining on the
entrepreneurial activities. On the whole, the higher education provides them more intuitive than analytical and
they would be considers on more day to day operations and long term issue of the management. The education
at the HSC was seen higher in the micro, small and medium enterprises, followed by Under Graduation, Post -
Graduation and 5th to matriculate as 28.10%, 14.33% and 13.40% respectively. Less than 5th standard was
seen around only 7.22% of employees.
Over all the results establish education qualification greater than HSC was employed in micro, small and
medium enterprises.
Type of Education
Enterprise
less than 5th 5th to HSC Under Post- Total
SSC Graduation Graduation
Textile 10.10% 16.40% 34.00% 27.50% 11.90% 100.00%
Chemical 5.05% 11.30% 39.00% 28.50% 16.12% 100.00%
Total 7.22% 13.40% 36.90% 28.10% 14.33% 100.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00% Textile
10.00%
5.00% Chemical
0.00%
On the whole, the higher education provides them more intuitive than analytical and they would be
considers on more day to day operations and long term issue of the chemical industries than textile. The
education at the HSC was seen higher in both textile and chemical industry. This was followed by Under
Graduation, 5th to SSC, Post- Graduation and then less than 5th Class. On an average it was found that
Chemical Industry represent more qualified employees than Textile industry. 16.12% Chemical industry’s
employees were having post-graduated employees with technical abilities.
Over all the results establish education qualification greater than HSC was majorly employed in
chemical industry.
Table No. Age Group of Employee respondents
Age Group Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Per cent
Below 18 29 3.2 3.2 3.2
18-24 135 15.0 15.0 18.2
25-35 266 29.6 29.6 47.8
36-45 268 29.8 29.8 77.6
46-60 128 14.2 14.2 91.8
60 and Above 74 8.2 8.2 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Age Group of Employees
30
25
20
15
Per cent
10
0
Below 18-24 25-35 36-45 46-60 60 and
18 Above
a. Out of total respondents 29.8 per cent were belonging to 36-45 age group, 29.6 per cent from 25-
35 age groups.
b. 14.2 per cent respondents were belonging to upper middle age that is 46-60 age groups.
c. Only 8.2 per cent respondents were of senior level aging 60 years and above.
d. 15 per cent and 3.2 per cent respondents were from young age group of 18-24 and below 18
respectively.
Type of Age
Enterprise
Below 18 18-24 25-35 36-45 46-60 60 and Above Total
Micro 2.20% 13.50% 28.10% 31.90% 15.70% 8.65% 100.00%
Small 3.60% 15.80% 29.60% 29.60% 13.50% 7.97% 100.00%
Medium 0.00% 4.00% 40.00% 20.00% 24.00% 12.00% 100.00%
Total 3.20% 15.00% 29.60% 29.80% 14.20% 8.20% 100.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
Micro
20.00%
Small
15.00%
Medium
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Below 18-24 25-35 36-45 46-60 60 and
Above
a. These results show that 29.80% of the respondents belonged to the 26-45 and the 25-35 years
category, followed 29.60% by those from 18-24 years, then lastly 8.20% from 60 and above year’s
category.
b. The high response rate by 40% of the respondents from medium sized enterprises and 31.90%
respondents represented by 36-45 age groups is seen in micro enterprises.
c. The trend was followed by 29.60 % respondents from the age group of 25-35 and 36-45 years in small
sized enterprises shows that majority of the employees belong in medium and micro enterprises
(MSME).
Nature Age
of Unit
Below18 18-24 25-35 36-45 46-60 60 and Above Total
Textile 0.00% 12.20% 28.80% 25.70% 21.80% 11.50% 100.00%
Chemical 5.60% 17.10% 30.10% 32.80% 8.50% 5.90% 100.00%
Total 3.20% 15.00% 29.60% 29.80% 14.20% 8.20% 100.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00% Textile
10.00% Chemical
5.00%
0.00%
a. These results show that 29.80% of the respondents belonged to the36-45 and the 25-35 years
category, followed 29.60%.
b. Those from 18-24 years were 15.00% only. Then lastly 8.20% from 60 and above year’s age
category.
c. The high response rate by 32.80% respondents represented by 36-45 age group shows that majority
of the employees in chemical industry and 30.10% respondents were found in the age group of 25-
35 in textile industry employees belonging to this age category.
Table No. Gender of employee respondents
Gender Frequency Per cent Valid Per Cumulative

cent Per cent
Male 509 56.6 56.6 56.6
Female 391 43.4 43.4 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Gender of employee respondents
Per cent
56.6
43.4
Male Female
Interpretation: Among total respondents 56.6 per cent were represented by males and 43.4 per cent
were representing female employees.
Type of Gender
Enterprise
Male Female Total
Micro 59.50% 40.54% 100.00%
Small 54.10% 45.94% 100.00%
Medium 68.00% 32.00% 100.00%
Total 55.60% 44.40% 100.00%
Male Female
68.00%
59.50%
54.10%
45.94%
40.54%
32.00%
Micro Small Medium
a. Consensus held by several studies provide on the relationship between the gender classification
and micro, small and medium enterprises.
b. The majority of the business owners in the classification are male around 55.60%, female by
44.40%.
c. It highlights on the traditional and dominant role of men in Indian society and business.
d. It also points out on resilient role of women role in medium, around 45.94% higher is observed in
small enterprises.
Nature gender
of Unit
Male Female Total
Textile 62.10% 37.90% 100.00%
Chemical 50.70% 49.30% 100.00%
Total 55.60% 44.40% 100.00%
Textile Chemical
62.10%
50.70% 49.30%
37.90%
Male Female
a. The classification of gender analysis with the industries provides an insight on the barriers faced
by gender issues, helps to assess on differ on needs and constraints faced by them in textile and
chemical industry.
b. The classification was carried out, result provide that male owned higher in textile than chemical
industries, where female contribution in chemical industry was higher by 49.30% compared with
textile is 37.90%.
Table No. State of birth of employee respondents
State of birth Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Per cent
Thane/Palghar 363 40.3 40.3 40.3
Other Districts of 274 30.4 30.4 70.8
Maharashtra
Outside Maharashtra 263 29.2 29.2 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
State of birth of Employee respondents
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5 Per cent
0
a. Out of total respondents 40.3 per cent respondents were originally from Thane / Palghar region
only.
b. Whereas 30.4 per cent respondents were from other districts of Maharashtra.
c. 29.2 per cent respondents were from other than Maharashtra state, which represents many of the
respondents were migrated for various reasons.
d. Overall it can be stated as majority of the respondents working in Tarapur MIDC were not
belonging originally to Thane and Palghar region.
Type of Place of birth

Enterprise
Thane/Palghar Other Districts of Outside Total
Maharashtra Maharashtra
Micro 41.60% 28.60% 29.70% 100.00%
Small 39.90% 31.00% 29.10% 100.00%
Medium 44.00% 28.00% 28.00% 100.00%
Total 40.30% 30.40% 29.20% 100.00%
Place of birth of Employee respondent

50.00%
40.00%
30.00% Micro
20.00%
Small
10.00%
Medium
0.00%
Thane/Palghar Other Districts of Outside Maharashtra
Maharashtra
a. The classification was carried out, result provide that employees birth place as Thane/ Palghar
preferred to work more in medium enterprises than small and micro enterprises.
b. The employees from other districts of Maharashtra too provide on the same line as employees who
belong to thane/Palghar, whereas outside Maharashtra the employees tend to work more in micro,
small and medium enterprises.
Nature of Place of birth

Unit
Thane/Palghar Other Districts Outside Total
of Maharashtra Maharashtra
Textile 37.10% 27.30% 35.60% 100.00%
Chemical 42.70% 32.80% 24.50% 100.00%
Total 40.30% 30.40% 29.20% 100.00%
Place of birth of Employee respondents
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00% Textile
20.00%
Chemical
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
Thane/Palghar Other Districts Outside
of Maharashtra Maharashtra
a. The classification of place of birth with the industries provide an insight on the barriers faced by
employees related to industries, helps to assess on differ on needs and constraints faced by them in
textile and chemical industry.
b. The classification was carried out, result provide that employees birth place as Thane/ Palghar
preferred to work more in chemical industries than textile industries.
c. The employees from other districts of Maharashtra too provide on the same line as employees who
belong to thane/Palghar, whereas outside Maharashtra the employees tend to work more in textile than
chemical industries.
Table No. Place of current residence of employee respondents
Place of current residence Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative
Per cent
242 26.9 26.9 26.9
Different Talukas of Palghar
Different Talukas of Thane 264 29.3 29.3 56.2

Mumbai and Suburbs 188 20.9 20.9 77.1
Navi Mumbai 128 14.2 14.2 91.3
Places of Gujarat border 78 8.7 8.7 100.0
nearby Dahanu
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Place of current residence
Per cent
29.3
26.9
20.9
14.2
8.7
Different Different Mumbai and Navi Places of

Talukas of Talukas of Suburbs Mumbai Gujarat
Palghar Thane border
nearby
Dahanu
a. While studying places of current residence of the respondents 26.9 per cent of the respondents are
the local respondent’s representing from different talukas of Palghar.
b. 29.3 per cent respondents stated they live in different talukas of thane. 20.9 per cent and 14.2 per
cent of the respondents lives in Mumbai Suburbs and Navi Mumbai region respectively.
c. 8.7 per cent of the population were exceptionally travelling from different places of Dahanu which
are nearby Gujarat borders.
Residence Micro Small Medium Total
Different Talukas of 28.10% 26.50% 28.00% 26.90%

Palghar
Different Talukas of 21.60% 31.60% 24.00% 29.30%

Thane
Mumbai and Suburbs 19.50% 21.60% 12.00% 20.90%
Navi Mumbai 17.30% 13.00% 24.00% 14.20%
Places of Gujarat and 13.50% 7.20% 12.00% 8.70%

Dahanu
Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
Micro
15.00%
Small
10.00%
5.00% Medium
0.00%
Different Different Mumbai Navi Places of
Talukas Talukas and Mumbai Gujarat
of Palghar of Thane Suburbs and
Dahanu
a. Micro SME’s employee residents place of current residence was majorly from different talukas of Palghar
followed by different talukas of Thane and Mumbai suburbs. Very few of the respondents were living in Navi
Mumbai and places of Gujrat and Dahanu.
b. Small SME employee respondents were residing majorly from 26.50 per cent in different talukas of
Palghar,followed by different talukas of Thane and Mumbai suburbs. Very few of the respondents were living
in Navi Mumbai and places of Gujrat and Dahanu.
Residence Textile Chemical Total
Different Talukas of Palghar 25.70% 27.80% 26.90%

Different Talukas of Thane 23.40% 33.80% 29.30%
Mumbai and Suburbs 25.20% 17.70% 20.90%
Navi Mumbai 16.10% 12.80% 14.20%
Places of Gujarat and Dahanu 9.60% 8.00% 8.70%
Total 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00% Textile
10.00% Chemical
5.00%
0.00%
Different Different Mumbai Navi Places of
Talukas Talukas and Mumbai Gujarat
of of Thane Suburbs and
Palghar Dahanu
a. The classification was carried out to understand on the industry classification with residence. The
results shown, 26.90% of employees were from different talukas ofpalghar, 29.30% from Thane,.
b. 20.90% from Mumbai and Suburbs and 14.20% from Navi Mumbai.
c. 8.70% from places of Gujarat, Highest number were registered in chemical industries around 33.80%
were from different talukas of Thane.
Table No. Family size of employee respondents
Family Frequency Per cent Valid Per Cumulative Per

size cent cent
1 1 .1 .1 .1
2 7 .8 .8 .9
3 70 7.8 7.8 8.7
4 360 40.0 40.0 48.7
5 271 30.1 30.1 78.8
6 141 15.7 15.7 94.4
7 43 4.8 4.8 99.2
8 6 .7 .7 99.9
9 1 .1 .1 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Family size
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
2% 4%
7%
20%
9%
18% 11%
13%
16%
a. Out of total 900 respondents 1 per cent of the respondent’s family was of only 2 members. 7.8 per cent
of the respondent’s family size was of 3 members.
b. Majority of the respondent’s family size was 40 per cent, 30.1 per cent with family size of 4 members
and 5 members respectively.
c. 15.7 per cent and 4.8 per cent of the respondent’s family size was marginally higher up to 6 members
and 7 members respectively.
d. Less than 1 per cent of the respondent’s family size was up to 8 to 9 members which was
exceptionally different than all other respondents.
Type of Family size

Enterprise
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Micro 0 2 10 67 63 33 9 1 0 185
Small 1 5 59 287 197 105 31 4 1 690
Medium 0 0 1 6 11 3 3 1 0 25
Total 1 7 70 360 271 141 43 6 1 900
Family size
300
250
200
Micro
150 Small
100 Medium
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a. Family size of total employees higher number are seen in small enterprise out of 900 employees, 690
employees belong to small enterprise, 287 employee's family size is 4,
b. This was followed by 197 employees report on family size 5 and 105 employees as 6.
c. On comparison with three enterprises, small enterprise the family size ranges from 4 to 8, only least
number of employees hold their family size from 7 to 9.
Over all study provides family size is higher in number of small enterprises.
Nature of Family size

Unit
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
Textile 0 2 33 131 116 75 24 3 1 385
Chemical 1 5 37 229 155 66 19 3 0 515
Total 1 7 70 360 271 141 43 6 1 900
Family size
250
200
150
Textile
100 Chemical
50
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
a. Family size of total employees higher number are seen in chemical industry out of 900 employees, 515
employees belong to chemical and 229 employees family size is 4,
b. This was followed by 155 employees report on family size 5 and 66 employees as 6.
c. On comparison with three enterprises, chemical industry the family size ranges from 4 to 8, only least
number of employees hold their family size from 7 to 9.
Over all study provides family size is higher in number of chemical industry.
Table No. Individual Monthly Income of employee respondents
Individual Monthly Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Income Per cent
3,000-5,999 146 16.2 16.2 16.2
6,000-9,999 190 21.1 21.1 37.3
10,000-13,999 205 22.8 22.8 60.1
14,000-17,999 195 21.7 21.7 81.8
18,000-24,999 101 11.2 11.2 93.0
More than 25,000 63 7.0 7.0 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Individual Monthly Income
Valid Per cent
22.8 21.7
21.1
16.2
11.2
7
a. 900 employees’ respondents of SMEs have vibrant range of individual income. It has various
categories as like 16.2 per cent of the respondents fall in income group of 3000- 5999, 21.1 per cent of
them fall under 6000-9999, 22.8 per cent under 10,000 to 13,999, 21.7 per cent falls under 14,000-
17,999 income slab and 11.2 per cent of them falls under 18,000- 24,999 slab.
b. Only 7 per cent of them earn more than 25,000 as individual monthly income.
Individual Monthly Income Textile Chemical

(In Rupees)
3,000-5,999 79 67
6,000-9,999 60 130
10,000-13,999 86 119
14,000-17,999 82 113
18,000-24,999 58 43
More than 25,000 20 43
Total 385 515
140
120
100
80
60
40 Textile
20 Chemical
0
a. Individual Monthly income among both textile and chemical unit had vibrant categories. In slab ofRs.
3,000- Rs. 5,999 Majority of the Textile unit’s respondents falls and lesser of chemical unit’s.
b. Majority of the chemical SMEs falls in the slab ofRs. 6,000- Rs. 9,999 but only 43 respondents fall
into More than Rs. 25,000 monthly income category.
c. In Textile unit, Rs. 10,000- 13,999 income group respondents are higher than any other income group.
This is followed by Rs. 14,000- 17,999 and Rs. 3,000- Rs. 5,999.
d. Very few respondents’ falls in income group of more than Rs. 25,000.
e. In comparison to chemical unit’s respondents textile unit’s respondents falls in lower income group
category which concludes
Individual Monthly Income Micro Small Medium
3,000-5,999 23 120 3
6,000-9,999 42 142 6
10,000-13,999 48 149 8
14,000-17,999 31 161 3
18,000-24,999 21 77 3
More than 25,000 20 41 2
Total 185 690 25
180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Micro Small Medium
a. Micro SMEs respondents were majorly falling in the income group ofRs. 10,000-13,999 followed by
Rs. 6,000- 9,999 and then Rs. 14,000-17,999.
b. Small SME unit’s respondents mainly falling in the income slab ofRs. 14,000- 17,999 than any other
type of enterprise’s respondents. But at the same time it can be found that in comparison to Micro and
medium unit respondent’s Small unit’s respondents also majorly falls in the lowest income group.
c. Medium unit’s respondents falls into mainly income slab ofRs. 40,000- 13,999 followed by Rs. 6,000-
9,999.
Table No. Designation of employee respondents
Designation Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per

cent
Higher Level 181 20.1 20.1 20.1
Middle Level 352 39.1 39.1 59.2
Lower Level 367 40.8 40.8 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Designation of employee respondents
45
40
35
30
25 Per cent
20
15
10
5
0
Higher Level Middle Level Lower Level
a. 900 respondents were belonging to three levels of organisation. These levels differ from each other.
Majority of the respondents were from Lower level that is 40.8 per cent.
b. 39.1 per cent were from middle level whereas only 20.1 per cent were belonging to higher level of an
organisation.
Type of Designation
Enterprise
Higher Level Middle Level Lower Level Total
Micro 20.50% 37.30% 42.20% 100.00%
Small 20.00% 39.60% 40.40% 100.00%
Medium 20.00% 40.00% 40.00% 100.00%
Total 20.10% 39.10% 40.80% 100.00%
Designation of Employee respondent
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
Micro
25.00%
Small
20.00%
Medium
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
The data was further classified to understand on the designation with micro, small and medium enterprises.
a. The number of employees were higher in lower level and seen in micro enterprises of 42.20%
compared with small and medium of40.40%.
b. The middle level employees were higher in medium level of 40% compared with micro of 37.30%.
c. The higher level designation is seen more in almost all three enterprises.
d. Over higher level positions of employees were seen more in textile industries.
Nature Designation
of Unit
Higher Level Middle Level Lower Level Total
Textile 28.60% 34.80% 36.60% 100.00%
Chemical 13.80% 42.30% 43.90% 100.00%
Total 20.10% 39.10% 40.80% 100.00%
Designation of Employee respondent
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00% Textile
20.00% Chemical
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
The data was further classified to understand on the designation with industries.
a. The number of employees was higher in lower level and seen in chemical industries of 43.90%
compared with textile industries of 36.60%.
b. The middle level employees were higher in chemical industries of 42.30% compared with textile
of 34.80%.
c. The higher level designation is seen more in Textile than chemical out middle and lower level
employees.
d. Over higher level positions of employees were seen more in textile industries.
Table No. Type of employment of employee respondents
Type of Frequency Per cent Valid Per Cumulative

employment cent Per cent
Contractual 273 30.3 30.3 30.3
Daily 154 17.1 12.3 47.4
Permanent 473 52.6 52.6 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Type of Employment
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Contractual Daily Permanent
Per cent
Interpretation: Above table shows the type of Employment with selected SMES. Where from total 900
respondents 30.3 per cent were on contractual basis, 17.1 per cent respondents were working for daily basis
with SMEs whereas majority of the respondents were permanently working with SMEs that is 52.6 per cent.
Type of Type of employment

Enterprise
Contractual Daily Permanent Total
Micro 25.40% 14.10% 60.50% 100.00%
Small 31.70% 17.90% 50.30% 100.00%
Medium 28.00% 16.00% 56.00% 100.00%
Total 30.30% 17.10% 52.60% 100.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00% Micro
30.00% Small
Medium
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
The classification is made to understand on how type of employment affects micro, small and medium
enterprises.
a. The result indicate the permanent employees are more in micro than small and medium enterprises and
contractual employees are higher in small than micro and medium of 31.70%.
b. The results indicate permanent employees are more in micro and medium enterprises compared with
contractual and daily wages.
Nature Type of employment

of Unit
Contractual Daily Permanent Total
Textile 29.90% 19.20% 50.90% 100.00%
Chemical 30.70% 15.50% 53.80% 100.00%
Total 30.30% 17.10% 52.60% 100.00%
Type of employment
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
Micro
40.00%
Small
30.00%
Medium
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Employment is usually a relationship between the two parties, usually based on contract, where work
is paid for, where one part, which may be a corporation, for profit, not profit, organization and co-operative.
a. The classification is made to understand on how type of employment affects industries, the result
indicate the permanent employees are more in chemical than textile industries and contractual
employees are higher in chemical than textile of 29.90%.
b. The results indicate permanent employees are more in textile and chemical industry
Table No. Working hours of employee respondents
Working hours Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent
8 hrs. 381 42.3 42.3 42.3
9hrs 221 24.6 24.6 66.9
10hrs 222 24.7 24.7 91.6
12hrs 76 8.4 8.4 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Working Hours
Per cent
42.3
24.6 24.7
8.4
8 hrs. 9hrs 10hrs 12hrs
Interpretation: All among 900 respondents majority of them 42.3 per cent were working for 8 hrs, 24.6
per cent for 9hrs, 24.7 per cent for 10 hrs. and only 8.4 per cent were working for more than 12 hrs.
Type of Working hours

Enterprise
8 hrs. 9hrs 10hrs 12hrs Total
Micro 50.30% 22.70% 18.40% 8.60% 100.00%
Small 41.70% 25.10% 25.20% 8.00% 100.00%
Medium 0.00% 24.00% 56.00% 20.00% 100.00%
Total 42.30% 24.60% 24.70% 8.40% 100.00%
Working hours
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
Micro
30.00% Small
Medium
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
The above table provides details on the relationship between working hours and micro, small and medium
enterprises. The long working hours of employees would increase stress and illnesses on health of employees
and would lower motivation, productiveness and efficiency. The test has carried out to understand on the
working hours with micro, small and medium enterprises.
a. The results establish that around 50.30% of employees work around 8 hrs. in micro.
b. In small enterprises the average working hours is around 8 hrs., around 41.70% around 20% of
employees work more than 12 hrs. in medium and 8.60% of employees in micro enterprises.
c. On average working hours in the both micro and small is around 8hrs. per day.
Nature Working hours

of Unit
8 hrs. 9hrs 10hrs 12hrs Total
Textile 37.90% 28.10% 23.60% 10.40% 100.00%
Chemical 45.60% 21.90% 25.40% 7.00% 100.00%
Total 42.30% 24.60% 24.70% 8.40% 100.00%
Working hours
50.00%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
Textile
25.00%
Chemical
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
The above table provides details on the relationship between working hours and industries. The long working
hours of employees would increase stress and illnesses on health of employees. The long working hours
would lower motivation, productiveness and efficiency. The test has carried out to understand on the working
hours with industries.
a. The results establish that around 28.10% of employees work around 9 hrs. in textile industries.
b. In chemical industries the average working hours is around 8 hrs., around 45.60% of sample confirm
as 8hrs. working time than textile of 37.90%.
c. Around 7% of employees work more than 12 hrs. in chemical and 10.40% of employees in textile
industries.
d. On average working hours in the both sectors is around 8hrs. per day.
Table No. Length of Service of employee respondents
Length of Service Frequency Per cent
upto 5 years 635 70.56
6-10 years 210 23.33
more tan 10 years 55 6.11
Length of Service in existing unit
upto 5 years 6-10 years more tan 10 years
6%
23%
71%
Majority of the respondents were working for minimum 5 years with the existing company, however only
6.11 per centof the respondents were there for more than 10 years with the same unit.
23.33 per centof the respondents were there in the range of 6 to 10 years with the same organisation.
The above pie charts pictures very few respondents association with same company.
more than 10
Type of Enterprise upto 5 years 6-10 years years
Micro 70.56 23.33 6.11
Small 80.54 14.59 4.86
Medium 68.84 25.07 6.09
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00 Micro
30.00 Small
20.00
Medium
10.00
0.00
upto 5 years
6-10 years
more tan 10
years
a. Micro SME respondents were majorly having experience up to 5 years with the same SME unit,
whereas 23.33 per cent were there for 6-010 years and only 6.11 per cent respondents for more
than 10 years.
b. Among all type of enterprises, Small SME units were majorly there with the same unit up to 5 years
followed by 14.59 per cent for 6-10 years and only 4.86 per cent for more than 10 years.
c. Medium SME unit respondents were there with the same unit up to 5 years comprised 68.84 per cent
respondents.
Further it can be concluded that Respondents in Small units were majorly with the same unit for period up
to 5 years, whereas Medium unit respondents were falling mainly in the period from 6-10 years and Micro
unit respondents were there for period more than10 years.
Category of more tan 10

product produced upto 5 years 6-10 years years
Textile 61.17 37.43 8.94
Chemical 80.78 14.76 4.47
Textile Chemical
80.78
61.17
37.43
14.76
8.94
4.47
upto 5 years 6-10 years more tan 10 years
a. When it comes to the unit with category of product produced respondents length of service with
existing unit, it was found that Textile units respondents were there with the same unit up to 5 years
were 61.17 per cent; in 6-10 years length of service 37.43 per cent and for more than 10 years 8.94 per
cent respondents.
b. When researcher studied about chemical SME units respondent 80.78 per cent found with the length of
service with same unit up to 5 years, which is a higher proportion than textile units respondent. Only
14.76 per cent and 4.47 per centof the respondents fall in the category of 6-10 years and more than 10
years of service with the same unit respectively.
It was found that majority of the textile unit’s respondents were having length of service with the same
unit for the period 6-10 years as compared to textile unit respondents. Whereas majority of the chemical
SME respondents fell in the length up to 5 years which is more than textile unit’s respondent.
Table No. Total Experience in industry of employee respondents
Total Experience in
industry Frequency Per cent
below1 25 2.8
1 to 3years 95 0.1
4to 6 years 356 39.6
7 to 10 years 295 0.3
11years and above 129 14.3
Total 900 100
Total Experience in industry
Percent
100
39.6
14.3
2.8 0.1 0.3
below1 1 to 3yrs 4to 6 yrs 7 to 10 yrs 11years Total

and above
a. Among all 900 respondents 39.6 per cent of the respondents were having Total industry experience of
4 to 6 years and 0.1 per cent was having 1 to 3 years’ experience.
b. 11 years and above years of total industry experience was held by 14.3 per cent of the respondent.
This chart conveys majorityof the respondents had 4 to 6 years of total industry experience.
Total Experience in Below 1 to 4to 6 7 to 10 11years and Total

industry 1year 3years years years above
Micro Frequency 4 26 74 60 21 185
Per cent 2.16 14.05 40.00 32.43 11.35 100.00
Small Frequency 21 68 279 226 96 690
Per cent 3.04 9.86 40.43 32.75 13.91 100.00
Medium Frequency 0 1 3 9 12 25
Per cent 0.00 4.00 12.00 36.00 48.00 100.00
Total Frequency 25 95 356 295 129 900
Per cent 2.8 0.1 39.6 0.3 14.3 100
Total Experience in industry
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
below1 1 to 3yrs 4to 6 yrs 7 to 10 yrs 11years and
above
Micro Small Medium
a. 40 per cent of the Micro respondents had total industry experience of 4 to 6 years. Only 2.16 per cent
of the respondents had experience of only less than a year.
b. Majority of the Small unit respondents also had total industry experience of 4 to 6 years and lowest
experience of less than a year.
c. Only medium unit respondents had major experience of 11 years and above and lowest of 1 to 3 years.
This depicts Medium enterprises were having more experienced employees followed by both micro and small
enterprises.
Total Experience in Below 1 to 4to 6 7 to 10 11years and Total

industry 1year 3years years years above
Textile 4.16 9.35 27.53 40.00 18.96 100.00
Chemical 1.75 11.46 48.54 27.38 10.87 100.00
Total 2.8 0.1 39.6 0.3 14.3 100
Total Experience in Industry
50.00
45.00
40.00
35.00
30.00
25.00 Textile
20.00 Chemical
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
below1 1 to 3yrs 4to 6 yrs 7 to 10 11years
yrs and above
a. Textile unit respondents were having majority of the total industry experience of 7 to 10 years and
lowest of less than a year.
b. Chemical SME respondents had mainly total industry experience of 4 to 6 years and lowest of less
than a year.
Above chart shows Chemical unit respondents were majorly experience of 4 to 6 years bit textile unit
respondents had more respondents into the experience group of 7 to 10 years and more than 10 years.
Part II- About SME’s - This section will emphasize on structure of SME’s with reference to size,
employees, policies, Environmental norms, financial sourcing, market information and many more.
2. To evaluate the organizational size of Small and Medium Enterprises in Textile and Chemical Industry.
Table No. Establishment year of SME's
Establishment year of Frequency Per cent valid per cumulative per

SME's cent cent
Before Liberalisation 96 53.3333 53.3333 53.3333
After Liberalisation 84 46.6667 46.6667 100
Total 180 100 100
Establishment year of SME's
After
Liberalisation Before
47% Liberalisation
53%
Among 180 SMEs 53 per cent of the SMEs were established before liberalisation and 47 per cent After
Liberalisation. This shows majority of the SMEs were from pre-liberalisation era in Tarapur MIDC area.
Type of Establishment year of SME's

Enterprise Before After Total
Liberalisation Liberalisation
Micro 27 10 37
Small 66 72 138
Medium 3 2 5
Total 96 84 180
Before Liberalisation After Liberalisation
72
66
27
10
3 2
Micro Small Medium
a. Outof 37 Micro SMEs, 27 were established in Pre-liberalisation period and rest 10 after liberalisation.
b. From 138 Small SMEs, 66 SMEs were formed before liberalisation and 72 were formed after
liberalisation.
c. Among 5 Medium SMEs 3 were formed before liberalisation and 2 after liberalisation.
Category of Establishment year of SME's

product
produced Before Liberalisation After Liberalisation Total
Textile 33 44 77
Chemical 63 40 103
Total 96 84 180
Textile Chemical
63
44
40
33
Before Liberalisation After Liberalisation
a. 33 Textile SMEs were formed in pre- liberalisation era and 44 after liberalisation.
b. 63 Chemical SMEs were established in pre liberalisation period and 40 post liberalisation era.
Further we can state that Tarapur MIDC area was having more chemical SMEs formed pre
liberalisation and many of the textile SMEs was formed post liberalisation.
Table No. Origin of Firm
Origin of Firm Frequency Per cent Valid Per Cumulative

cent Per cent
Newly started by self 69 38.3 38.3 38.3
Family Business 91 50.6 50.6 88.9
Acquired From Others 15 8.3 8.3 97.2
Sick Unit Taken Over 5 2.8 2.8 100
Total 180 100 100
Origin of Firm
Percent
50.6
38.3
8.3
2.8
Newly started by Family Business Acquired From Sick Unit Taken

self Others Over
a. From 180 SMEs 38.3 per centof the entrepreneurs started their SME by themselves.
b. 50.6 per cent were running SMEs established by their family business which is a major case of the
SMEs than newly started by self.
c. 8.3 per centof the SMEs were acquired from others and only 2.8 per centof the SMEs were sick unit
taken over.
Type of Origin of Firm

Enterprise
Newly started by Family Acquired From Sick Unit Taken Total
self Business Others Over
Micro 18 18 0 1 37
Small 49 71 14 4 138
Medium 2 2 1 0 5
Total 69 91 15 5 180
Origin of Firm
Micro Small Medium
71
49
18 18
14
2 2 1 1 4
0 0

self Others Over
a. 18 Micro, 49 Small and 2 Medium sized enterprise’s respondents started their enterprise by themselves.
b. Out of 91 respondents who were having their enterprise from family business, 18 of them were micro, 71
Small and 2 from medium sized enterprises.
c. 14 Small sized and 1 Medium sized enterprise’s respondents acquired their business from others.
d. Only 1 Micro and 4 Small Enterprise’s respondents took over sick units as their unit.
The above chart shows Majority of the Small SMEs were originated from Family business followed by newly
started by self. In case of Micro SMEs they are equally originated by self as well from family businesses.
Category of Origin of Firm

product
produced Newly started Family Business Acquired From Sick Unit Taken Total
by self Others Over
Textile 32 39 5 1 77
Chemical 37 52 10 4 103
Total 69 91 15 5 180
Origin of Firm
Textile Chemical
52
37 39
32
10
5 4
1

self Others Over
a. 32 Textile and 37 Chemical SME’s respondents started their enterprise by themselves.

b. 39 Textile and 52 Chemical SME’s respondents were running their family business.
c. 5 Textile and 10 Chemical SME’s respondents acquired their business from others.
d. Only 1Textile and 4 Chemical SME’s respondents took over sick units as their enterprise.
Further it can be stated that Tarapur MIDC area were having Majority if the Chemical SMEs originated
business from Family business and 37 of them newly started by self. Textile SMEs on an average were also
originated as per Chemical SMEs only.
Table No. Entrepreneur's Age at the time of establishment of unit by Self
Entrepreneur's Age at the time of

establishment of unit by Self Frequency Per cent
Not Applicable 111 61.67
Up to 30 years 22 12.22
31 to 40 years 36 20.00
41 and above 11 6.11
Total 180 100
Entrepreneur's Age at the time of establishment of unit by Self
Per cent
61.67
20
12.22
6.11
Not Applicable Up to 30 years 31 to 40 years 41 and above
Entrepreneur's Age at the time of establishment of unit by selfwas studied to know about preference to start
the SMEs at early age.
a. The results states that only 12.22 per cent of the SME respondents were from the age group up to 30
years.
b. Majority of the respondents who started SME by self-20 per cent of the respondents were from the age
group of 31 to 40 years.
c. Only 6.11 per cent of the respondents were of the age group of 41 years and above who started SME
units by themselves.
Entrepreneur's Age at the time of establishment of unit by Self

Type of
Enterprise not applicable Upto 30 years 31 to 40 years 41 and above Total
Micro 19 6 8 4 37
Small 89 14 28 7 138
Medium 4 0 1 0 5
Total 111 22 36 11 180
Category of product produced
90
80
70
60
Micro
50
Small
40
Medium
30
20
10
0
not applicable upto 30 years 31 to 40 years 41 and above
a. 6 Micro SME respondents who started their SME units by themselves belonged to age group of up to
30 years, 8 from 31 to 40 years group and only 4 were from 41 years and above age group. 50 per cent
of the Micro SME respondents started their unit by self.
b. Among Small SME respondents who started their unit by self; 14 were from the age group of 31 to 40
years, 28 from 31 to 40 years age group and only 7 did start it at the age of 41 years and above.
c. Only 1 Medium sized SME respondent started SME unit by self in the age group of 31 to 40 years.
It can be seen from the chart majority of the micro SME respondents started their unit by self as compared to
Small unit respondents.
Category of Entrepreneur's Age at the time of establishment of unit by Self

product
produced not applicable Upto 30 years 31 to 40 years 41 and above Total
Textile 45 15 20 3 77
Chemical 66 07 16 8 103
Total 111 22 36 11 180
Category of product produced
Textile Chemical
66
45
18 18
11 11
8
3
not applicable upto 30 years 31 to 40 years 41 and above
a. In Textile SME units, entrepreneurs who started their unit by own self 15 were belonging to age group
up to 30years, 20 from 31 to 40 years and 3 from 41 and above years.
b. In Chemical SME units, entrepreneurs who started their unit by own self 07 were belonging to age
group up to 30years, 16 from 31 to 40 years and 3 from 41 and above years.
It can be seen from the chart that in Tarapur MIDC area majority of the respondents were from Textile
units only in comparison to chemical units.
Table No. SME unit registered with MIDC
SME unit registered Frequency Per cent Valid Per Cumulative Per cent
with MIDC cent
Registered 175 97.2 97.2 97.2
Unregistered 5 2.8 2.8 100
Total 180 100 100
SME unit registered with MIDC
100
90
80
70
60 Percent
50
40
30
20
10
0
Registered Unregistered
SME unit registered with MIDC was studied by researcher to know whether any unit is also unregistered
under MIDC zone. From the above chart it can be seen that only 5 units in total of the study sample were
unregistered.

Type of Enterprise Registered Unregistered Total
Micro 37 0 37
Small 133 5 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 175 5 180
133
37
0 5 5 0
Micro Small Medium
When it comes to study unregistered units as per type of enterprises, it was found all 5 unregistered units were
from the small SME units only. Rest both units were comprised of registered units only.

Category of product
produced Registered Unregistered Total
Textile 72 5 77
Chemical 103 0 103
Total 175 5 180
Textile Chemical
103
72
5 0
SME unit registered with MIDC was studied by researcher to know whether any unit is also unregistered
under MIDC zone. From the above chart it can be seen that only 5 units in total of the study sample were
unregistered.
Table No. Form of organisation in SME units
Form of Cumulative
organisation Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Per cent
Proprietor 39 21.7 21.7 21.7
Partnership 50 27.8 27.8 49.4
Public Limited 2 1.1 1.1 50.6
Private Ltd 89 49.4 49.4 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Form of organisation
Percent
49.4
27.8
21.7
1.1
Proprietor Partnership Public Limited Private Ltd
While studying the forms of SME organisation, researcher found basically 4 forms namely proprietorship,
partnership, public and private limited.
49.4 per centof the SMEs were in the form of private limited company, 27.8 per cent in partnership
form, 21.7 per cent in proprietorship form and only 1.1 per cent in public limited form of organisation.
The above chat shows majority of the SME units were in the form of Private limited nature and very
few in the form of public limited.
Type of
Enterprise Proprietor Partnership Public ltd Private ltd Total
Micro 9 6 1 21 37
Small 29 42 1 66 138
Medium 1 2 0 2 5
Total 39 50 2 89 180
Micro Small Medium
66
42
29
21
9
6
1 2 1 1 0 2
Proprietor Partnership Public ltd Private ltd
a. 9 Micro, 29 Small and 1 Medium sized unit’s respondents were having proprietorship as a form of
organisation.
b. Among 50 respondents 6 Micro, 42 Small and 2 Medium units enterprises were having Partnership form of
organisation.
c. Only 1 Micro and Small Unit’s respondents were having private limited firm as a form of organisation.
d. Majority of the enterprises were having Public limited as a form of organisation of which 21 were Micro,
66 Small and 2 were Medium sized respondents.
Category of Form of organisation

product
produced Proprietor Partnership Public ltd Private ltd Total
Textile 16 12 2 47 77
Chemical 23 38 0 42 103
Total 39 50 2 89 180
Textile Chemical
47
42
38
23
16
12
2 0
Proprietor Partnership Public ltd Private ltd
Further there was analysis done on the basis of type of product produced of which following facts came out:
a. 16 textile and 2 3 Chemical unit’s respondents were having proprietorship as a form of organisation.
b. 12 Textile and 38 Chemical SME respondents were having Partnership form of organisation.
c. Only 2 Textile SME’s respondents were having private limited firm as a form of organisation.
d. Majority of the enterprises were having Public limited as a form of organisation of which 47 were Textile
and 42 were Chemical SME’s respondents.
It was found both textile and chemical producing units were in the form of Private limited company. At the
same time, chemical producing units were also in the form of partnership firm.
Table No. ISO certified SME units
Response Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent
Yes 148 82.2 82.2 82.2
No 32 17.8 17.8 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
ISO certification
Yes No
17.8
82.2
Researcher undertook this aspect in research to know about how many units opt for ISO certification.
As this ISO certification defines the quality surety of the products produced as well it takes care of polluting
factors in units and its disposal criterions too.
Out of total 180 SMEs 148 were ISO certified enterprises whereas only 32 SMEs did Not opt for ISO
certification.
Type of ISO certification

Micro 33 4 37
Small 110 28 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 148 32 180
ISO certification
Yes No
110
33 28
4 5 0
Micro Small Medium
The above chart shows majority of the micro SME units were ISO certified than Small units of SME; but all
Medium Sized units were having there unit ISO certification
33 Micro, 110 Small and 5 medium sized enterprises respondents opt for the ISO certification. This can be
further concluded as micro units were mainly ISO certified followed BY small units than any other type of
product producing unit.
ISO certification
Response Yes No Total
Textile 59.70% 40.30% 100.00%
Chemical 99.00% 1.00% 100.00%
Total 82.20% 17.80% 100.00%
ISO certification by SME units
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
yes no
Textile Chemical
The above chart clearly shows majority of the Chemical SME units have complies with the ISO
certification as compared to Textile SME units, Which denotes there is more awareness as well precaution is
taken by Chemical SME units. As these units is the major pollution causing units.
On the other hand it depicts textile SME units did not opt for ISO certifications.
Table No. SME units Accredited with Credit rated agencies
Yes 120 66.7 66.7 66.7
No 60 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
SME units Accredited with Credit rated agencies
Yes No
33%
67%
Credit accreditation of SME units was considered to check whether these all units going for credit
accreditation or not. This credit accreditation shows the quality precautions and environmental norms adaption
done by these units.
Among all 180 Respondent SMEs 120 SMEs opted for credit rating by different credit rating agencies.
But 60 of the respondents did Not opt for credit rating by any of the rating agencies.
Category of product SME units Accredited with Credit rated agencies

43 34 77
Textile 55.80% 44.20% 100.00%
77 26 103
Chemical 74.80% 25.20% 100.00%
120 60 180
Total 66.70% 33.30% 100.00%
Textile Chemical
74.80%
55.80%
44.20%
25.20%
Yes No
Out of 77 Textile SMEs 55.80 per cent of the units accredited with credit rating against 74.80 per cent
chemical units accreditation.
This depicts there is more credit rating opted by chemical SME respondents than textiles.
Type of SME units Accredited with Credit rated agencies

29 8 37
Micro 78.40% 21.60% 100.00%
86 52 138
Small 62.30% 37.70% 100.00%
5 0 5
Medium 100.00% 0.00% 100.00%
120 60 180
Total 66.70% 33.30% 100.00%
100.00%
80.00%
60.00%
40.00%
20.00%
0.00%
Micro Small Medium
Yes No
While reviewing crdit accreditation by credit rating agancies on type of enterprise researcher found all
Medium sized enterprises did their accredtation followed by 78.40 per cent by Micro units and only 62.30 per
cent by small units respondent.
This shows there is less preference for credit rating among small enterprises as compare to rest two
types.
Credit rating by
agencies Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent
CRISIL 61 33.9 33.9 33.9
CARE 8 4.4 4.4 38.3
ONICRA 27 15.0 15.0 53.3
SMERA 24 13.3 13.3 66.7
Not Applicable 60 33.3 33.3 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Credit rating by agencies
Percent
33.9 33.3
15
13.3
4.4
CRISIL CARE ONICRA SMERA Not

Applicable
a. Among 180 respondents, majority of them had CRISIL certification that is 33.9 per centof the SMEs.
b. It was followed by 15 per cent had ONICRA and 13.3 had certification of credit rating by SMERA
c. Only 4.4 per centof the SMEs tool certification of credit rating by CARE. 33.3 per cent did Not opt for
any credit rating agencies.
Category Credit rating by agencies

of product
produced
CRISIL CARE ONICRA SMERA Not Applicable Total

26 3 5 9 34 77
Textile 33.80% 3.90% 6.50% 11.70% 44.20% 100.00%
35 5 22 15 26 103
Chemical 34.00% 4.90% 21.40% 14.60% 25.20% 100.00%
61 8 27 24 60 180
Total 33.90% 4.40% 15.00% 13.30% 33.30% 100.00%
45.00%
40.00%
35.00%
30.00%
25.00%
20.00%
15.00%
10.00%
5.00%
0.00%
CRISIL CARE ONICRA SMERA Not
Applicable
Textile Chemical
When researcher studied credit ratings opt by category of product producing units, found both textile and
chemical units in same pattern of preference towards rating agencies.
a. 33.80 per cent textile and 34 per cent chemical SME opted for CRISIL ratings.
b. CARE raring was least preferred by both type of units that is 3.90 per cent textile and 4.90 per cent by
chemical SME units.
c. ONICRA was majorly opted by chemical SME respondents than textile respondents.
Rating by SMERA was opted by 11.70 per cent of textile producing units and 14.60 per cent chemical
producing units
Type of Credit rating by agencies

Enterprise CRISIL CARE ONICRA SMERA Not Applicable Total
Micro 10 0 10 9 8 37
16.39% 0.00% 37.04% 37.50% 13.33% 100.00%
Small 50 8 15 13 52 138
81.97% 100.00% 55.56% 54.17% 86.67% 100.00%
Medium 1 0 2 2 0 5
1.64% 0.00% 7.41% 8.33% 0.00% 100.00%
Total 61 8 27 24 60 180
100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
100.00
90.00
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
Micro
40.00
30.00 Small
20.00
10.00 Medium
0.00
When it comes to study of credit rating by rating agencies as per type of enterprises, majority of the Small
enterprises were found to be accredited with different agencies than rest of the two types of enterprises.
Table No. Skilled male employeesin SME units
Skilled male employees
Yes 180 100 100 100

All 180 respondents had skilled male employees in their organisation.
Type of Skilledmaleemployees
Enterprise Yes Total
Micro 37 37
Small 138 138
Medium 5 5
Total 180 180
Skilled Male Employess
Yes
138
37
Micro Small Medium
All type of enterprises was having skilled male employees.

Category of product Skilledmaleemployees

produced Yes Total
Textile 77 77
Chemical 103 103
Total 180 180
Skilled male employees
Yes
103
77
Textile Chemical
All 180 SME respondents were having skilled employees, out of which 77 were Textile SME and 103 were
from Chemical SME.
Table No. Skilled Female employeesin SME units
Yes 170 94.4 94.4 94.4
No 10 5.6 5.6 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Skilled Female Employees
Yes No
6%
94%
Out of total 180 SME respondents 94.4 per cent were skilled female employees and 5.6 per cent were Not.
Category of Skilled female employees

product produced Yes no Total
Textile 72 5 77
Chemical 98 5 103
Total 170 10 180
Yes
98
72
Textile Chemical
Out of 180 SME respondents 170 SME respondents were having skilled female employees rest were not.
Among 170 SME respondents with skilled females, 72 were Textile SME respondents and 98 were
Chemical SME respondents. This can be concluded as chemical SME units were having more skilled female
employees than textile units.
Type of Skilledfemaleemployees
Enterprise Yes no Total
Micro 32 5 37
Small 133 5 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 170 10 180
Yes no
133
32
5 5 5 0
Micro Small Medium
Out of 180 respondents 32 micro, 133Small and 5 Medium enterprise respondents were having skilled female
employees.
It can be finally stated as all SME units despite of their category or type of product produced; there
was equal presence ofskilled male and female employees.
Table No. Unskilled Male employeesin SME units
Unskilled male
Response Frequency Per cent Valid Per Cumulative Per
cent cent
Yes 180 100 100 100
All 180 respondents were having unskilled male employees as well.
Unskilled Male employees
Type of Enterprise Yes Total

Micro 37 37
Small 138 138
Medium 5 5
Total 180 180
Unskilled Male employees
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Micro Small Medium
All 180 respondents were having unskilled male employees.

Category of Unskilled male

product produced Yes Total
Textile 77 77
Chemical 103 103
Total 180 180
Unskilled Male Employees
Yes
103
77
Textile Chemical
Interpretation: Out of 180 SME respondents, 103 were having unskilled male employees and rest were not.
Table No. Unskilled Female employeesin SME units
Unskilled female

Response Frequency Per cent
cent Per cent
yes 165 91.7 91.7 91.7

No 15 8.3 8.3 100
Total 180 100 100
No Unskilled Female Employees

8%
yes
92%
From 180 respondents 91.7 per cent were the unskilled female employees and only 8.3 per cent were Not.
Category of product Unskilled female

produced Yes no Total
Textile 74 3 77
Chemical 91 12 103
Total 165 15 180
Unskilled Female Employees
Textile Chemical
91
74
12
3
Yes no
Interpretation: Out of 180 SME respondents, 103 were having unskilled male employees and rest were not.
Unskilledfemale
Type of Enterprise Yes No Total
Micro 31 6 37
Small 129 9 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 165 15 180
Unskilled Female Employees
Yes No
129
31
6 9 5 0
Micro Small Medium
31 Micro, 129 Small and 5 Medium enterprise respondents were having unskilled female employees.
All the SMEs across the type and category of product produced were having unskilled employees type in
nature of employment due to requirement of the products.
Table No. Permanent male employeesin SME units
Permanent male

cent Per cent
yes 150 83.3 83.3 83.3

No 30 16.7 16.7 100
Total 180 100 100
Permanent Male Employees
yes No
17%
83%
83.3 per centof male employees were permanent and 16.7 per centof the SME respondents were not having
permanent male employees
Category of product Permanent male

Textile 65 12 77
Chemical 85 18 103
Total 150 30 180
Textile Chemical
85
65
18
12
Yes no
Interpretation: 150 SME respondents were permanent male employees and 30 were not. Among those 150
respondents 65 were belonging to Textile respondents and 85 were from Chemical SME.
Type of Permanent male

Micro 34 3 37
Small 113 25 138
Medium 3 2 5
Total 150 30 180
Yes no
113
34
25
3 3 2
Micro Small Medium
34 micro, 113 Small and 3 Medium sized enterprise respondents were having permanent male employees.
Table No. Permanent Female employeesin SME units
Permanent Female Employees

cent Per cent
yes 162 90 90 90
No 18 10 10 100
Total 180 100 100
yes No
10%
90%
Majority of the SME respondents were having permanent female employees that are 90 per cent and only 10
per cent were not permanent.
Category of product Permanent female

Textile 69 8 77
Chemical 93 10 103
Total 162 18 180
Textile Chemical
93
69
8 10
Yes no
Interpretation: 162 SME respondents were having permanent female employees out of which 69 were
belonging to Textile SME and 93 were belonging to Chemical SMEs.
Type of Permanent female

Micro 33 4 37
Small 125 13 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 162 18 180
Yes no
125
33
13
4 4 1
Micro Small Medium
Among 162 Permanent female employees, 33 were Micro enterprises, 125 small and 4 medium sized
Table No. Temporary male employeesin SME units
Valid Per Cumulative Per

cent cent
No 180 100 100 100
None of the SME respondents were having temporary male employees.
Category of product Temporary male employees

produced Yes Total
Textile 77 77
Chemical 103 103
Total 180 180
Temporary Male Employees
Yes
103
77
Textile Chemical
All 180 respondents were having temporary male employees
Type of Temporary male employees

Micro 37 37
Small 138 138
Medium 5 5
Total 180 180
Temporary Male Employees
Yes
138
37
5
Micro Small Medium
All respondents were having temporary male employees.

Table No. Temporary Female employeesin SME units
Temporary Female Employees

cent Per cent
No 180 100 100 100
None of the SME respondents were having temporary female employees.
Category of Temporary Female Employees

product
produced Yes Total
Textile 77 77
Chemical 103 103
Total 180 180
Yes
103
77
Textile Chemical
All respondents were having temporary female employees.

Temporary Female
Type of Employees
Micro 37 37
Small 138 138
Medium 5 5
Total 180 180
Yes
138
37
5
Micro Small Medium
All 180 respondents were having temporary female employees.

It was overall found that many of the SME respondents were having permanent employees than temporary.
Table No. Casual/ contractual male employeesin SME units
Casual/ contractual male

Yes 30 16.7 16.7 16.7
No 150 83.3 83.3 100
Total 180 100 100
Casual/ contractual male
Yes No
17%
83%
83.3 per centof the SME respondents were not having casual/ contractual male employees but 16.7 per centof
them were having casual / contractual male employees.
Type of Casual/ contractual male

Micro 3 34 37
Small 25 113 138
Medium 2 3 5
Total 30 150 180
Casual Contractual Male Employees
Yes no
113
34
25
3 2 3
Micro Small Medium
a. 3 Micro SME units, 25 small and 2 Medium SME units were having casual or contractual employees .
Category of Casual/ contractual male

product produced Yes No Total
Textile 12 65 77
Chemical 18 85 103
Total 30 150 180
Casual Contractual Male Employees
Textile Chemical
85
65
12 18
Yes No
Only 12 Textile and 18 chemical SMEs were having contractual male employees and rest not.
Table No. Casual/ contractual Female employeesin SME units
Casual contractual female

Yes 18 10 10 10
No 162 90 90 100
Total 180 100 100
Casual Contractual Female
Yes No
10%
90%
Out of total 180 SME respondents only 10 per cent were casual/ contractual female employees and majority of
the 90 per centof the respondents were Not.
Category of product Casual/ contractual Female employees

Textile 8 69 77
Chemical 10 93 103
Total 18 162 180
Casual Contractual Female Employees
Textile Chemical
93
69
8 10
Yes no
8 Textile and 10 Chemical SME respondents were having female contractual employees.
Casual/ contractual Female employees

Type of Enterprise Yes no Total
Micro 4 33 37
Small 13 125 138
Medium 1 4 5
Total 18 162 180
Casual Contractual Female Employees
Yes no
125
33
4 13 4
1
Micro Small Medium
4 Micro, 13 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise respondents were having casual/ contractual female
employees.
It is found that many of the units were having very few casual or contractual employees.
Table No. Source of Finance in SME units
Source of Finance
Response Bank NBFC Owned resources Family resources
Yes 157 146 142 86
No 23 34 38 94
Total 180 180 180 180
source of finance
Yes No
157
146 142
94
86
34 38
23
Bank NBFC Owned Family

resources resources
a. Out of 180 SME respondents 157 had opt for Banks as a financial source and 23 did not.
b. NBFCs were preferred as a source of finance by 146 SME units.
c. 142 SME respondents used Owned resource as a financial resource and 38 did not opt for.49
d. Family resources were not preferred by majority of the respondent than rest of the respondents.
Overall it can be concluded from the chart that Banks were preferred as most used source of finance as
compared to rest all and family sources least ones.
Category Of Source Of Finance

Product
Produced Bank NBFC Owned resources Family resources
Textile 70 64 49 37
Total 157 146 142 86
Source of finance
Textile Chemical
93
87
82
70
64
49 49
37

resources resources
a. Among 157 SME respondents who opt for Bank as finance 70 were Textile SME and 87 were
Chemical SMEs.
b. 146 SME respondents did opt for Finance from NBFC and rest did not. Among which 82 were from
Chemical SME and 64 from Textile SME respondents.
c. Textile SME respondents opted for owned resources and 93 were chemical SME respondent.
d. Among all 180 SME respondent 50 per centof the respondents opted family resources as a source of
finance, of which 37 were Textile respondents and 49 were Chemical SME respondents.
It is seen from the table and chart that Textile SME units preferred owned sources to opt finance whereas
chemical units used banks.
Type of SourceofFinance
Enterprise
Bank NBFC Owned resources Family resources
Micro 36 28 36 8
Small 118 114 103 75
Medium 3 4 3 3
Total 157 146 142 86
Source of finance
Micro Small Medium
118 114
103
75
36 36
28
3 4 3 8 3

resources resources
a. 157 respondents who opted for bank as a source of finance were 36 micro, 118 small and 3 Medium sized
enterprise respondents were there.
b. Out of 146 respondents 28 micro respondents, 114 small and 4 medium sized enterprise respondents were
opting finance sources from NBFCs.
c. 36 Micro, 103 small and 3 medium sized entrepreneur respondents did opt for their own financial resource
too as a source of finance.
d. Family resource as a source of finance was preferred by 8 micro, 75 small and 3 medium sized entrepreneur
respondents.
It can be further analysed as Micro and Small units majorly preferred banks as a source of finance and
family sources as a least one, Whereas Medium units had preference on an average equally for all four sources
of finance.
Table No. Loan taken By SME Units
Loan taken By SME Cumulative Per

Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent
Units cent
Public Sector Bank 61 33.9 33.9 33.9
Private Sector Bank 4 2.2 2.2 36.1
NBFC 63 35 35 71.1
Co-operative Bank 52 28.9 28.9 100
Total 180 100 100
Loan taken By SME Units
Co-
operative
Bank Public
28.9% Sector Bank
33.9%
NBFC Private Sector

35% Bank
2.2%
a. From 180 respondents, 33.9 per cent took loan from Public sector banks, 35 per cent from NBFCs,
28.9 per cent from Co-operative banks and only 2.2 per cent took finance from Private sector banks.
b. This depict majority of the SME respondents are having preference towards NBFCs followed by
Public sector banks and cooperative banks.

Public Sector Private Co-operative
NBFC
Type of Bank Sector Bank Bank
Enterprise Total
Micro 7 2 13 15 37
Small 53 2 48 35 138
Medium 1 0 2 2 5
Total 61 4 63 52 180
Loan Taken By SME Units
Micro Small Medium
53
48
35
13 15
7
1 2 2 0 2 2
Pub Bank Pvt bank NBFC Co-op Bank
All 180 respondents who took loans, sources for taking loans were different for the respondents.
a. Loans from Public sector banks were preferred by 7 Micro, 53 Small and 1 Medium sized entrepreneur
respondents.
b. Only 2 Micro and Small units preferred credit from Private sector banks.
c. 13 Micro, 48 Small and 2 Medium sized entrepreneur respondents preferred loans from NBFCs.
d. Many of the respondents opt for loans from Co-operative banks too. Out of 52 respondents, 15 were Micro,
35 Small and 2 Medium sized enterprise’s respondents took loan.
The above table and chart states Micro and Medium units had more preference for sourcing finance
from Co-operative banks and Small units from Public sector banks.

Category of Private Sector Co-operative
Public Sector Bank NBFC
product Bank Bank
produced Total
Textile 23 2 27 25 77
Chemical 38 2 36 27 103
Total 61 4 63 52 180
Loan Taken By SME Units
Textile Chemical
38
36
27 27
25
23
2 2
Pub Bank Pvt bank NBFC Co-op Bank
a. Out of 61 respondents who opted for loan from Public sector bank, 38 were Chemical SMEs and 23 were
Textile SMEs.
b. Only 4 of the SME respondents opted for loan from private banks equally by textile and chemical SME
respondents.
c. 63 SME respondents opted for loan from NBFC, of which 36 were Chemical SME respondents and 27
Textile chemical respondents.
d. 52 of the respondents took loan from Co-operative banks, of which 25 were textile SME respondents and
27 were chemical.
This can be further concluded as Textile SMEs inclined to source finances majorly from NBFCs and
Chemical units from Public sector banks.
Table No. Review the performance of SME unit
Yes 130 72.2 72.2 72.2
No 50 27.8 27.8 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Review of The Performance of SME Unit
No
27.8%
yes
72.2%
72.2 per cent of the SME respondents reviewed their performance whereas 27.8 per centNot reviewed
performance of their unit.

Micro 27 10 37
Small 98 40 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 130 50 180
.
yes No
98
40
27
10
5
0
Micro Small Medium
27 Micro, 98 small and all 5 medium sized units were conducting performance review of their units.
This shows the reason for the growth and survival of these units.
Category of product Review of The Performance of SME Unit

Textile 57 20 77
Chemical 73 30 103
Total 130 50 180
Textile Chemical
73
57
30
20
yes no
130 of the SME respondents were reviewing performances of which 57 were the textile SMEs and 73 were
Chemical SME respondents. This shows Majority of the Chemical SME respondents were conducting review
of performance.
Table No. Review the performance of SME unit by institutions
Performance
Valid Per Cumulative Per
review of units Frequency Per cent
cent cent
done by
Bank 74 41.1 41.1 41.1
Financial
38 21.1 21.1 62.2
Institution
Government
18 10 10 72.2
Organisation
Not Applicable 50 27.8 27.8 100
Total 180 100 100
Performance review of units done by
Bank Financial Institution Government Organisation Not Applicable
27.8%
41.1%
10%
21.1%
a. From total 180 SME respondents majority of them reviewed their performance from banks that is 41.1
per cent.
b. 21.1 per centreviews were conducted by financial institutions, 10 per cent from Government
organisations and rest 27.8 per cent did Not reviewed their performance by any of the organisation.
Category of Performance review of units done by

product Financial Government Not
Bank Total
produced Institution Organisation Applicable
Textile 32 24 1 20 77
Chemical 42 14 17 30 103
Total 74 38 18 50 180
45
40
35
30
25 Textile
20
Chemical
15
10
5
0
Bank Financial Government Not
Institution Organisation Applicable
a. 74 SME respondents were reviewing their performance by Banks of which 32 were Textile SMEs and 42
were Chemical SME respondents.
b. 38 respondents reviewed performance of their SME by Financial Institution of which 24 were Textile SME
and 14 were chemical SME respondents.
c. Only 18 out of 180 respondents that is 10 per cent had opt for performance review by Government of which
only 1 Textile SME conducted from Government and rest all 17 did conduct were Chemical SMEs.
It was observed that both Textile and chemical units majorly reviewed their performances from banks
but Government organisations were least preferred by Textile units and Financial institutions had least
preference by Chemical units.

Type of Financial Government Not
Bank Total
Enterprise Institution Organisation Applicable
Micro 17 9 1 10 37
Small 55 26 17 40 138
Medium 2 3 0 0 5
Total 74 38 18 50 180
60
50
40
Micro
30
Small
20 Medium
10
0
Bank Financial Government Not
Institution Organisation Applicable
Among 130 respondents who opt for performance review, did their review from different institutions as
follow:
a. 17 micro, 55 small and 2 medium sized entrepreneur’s respondents opt for Bank for taking loan.
b. Respondents who took loan from financial institutions of which 9 were Micro, 26 small and 3 medium
sized enterprise’s respondents.
c. Only 1 micro and 17 small enterprise’s respondents opted loan form Government organisations.
It is further seen as both micro and small units reviewed their unit’s performances from banks,
whereas medium enterprises majorly from financial institutions.
Table No. SMEs participation in seminar organised by Banks or government organisation
Valid
Per Cumulative
Response Frequency Per
cent Per cent
cent
Yes 103 57.2 57.2 57.2
No 77 42.8 42.8 100
Total 180 100 100
participate in seminar organised by Banks or

government organisation
43%
Yes
No
57%
57.2 per cent of the SME respondents were participating in seminars organised by banks or government
organisations for the development of the SMEs but marginally more respondents were not participating for
any of such seminars that is 42.8 per cent among overall respondents.

Category of government organisation
product produced
Yes No Total
Textile 42 35 77
Chemical 61 42 103
Total 103 77 180
participate in seminar organised by Banks or government

organisation
Textile Chemical
61
42 42
35
Yes No
61 Chemical SME respondents participated in Government seminars for development of SMEs and 42 were
Textile SME respondents out of 103 respondents from all 180 SME respondents.
It was found that Chemical units had more participation than textile SME units.

Type of Enterprise government organisation
Yes No Total
Micro 22 15 37
Small 77 61 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 103 77 180
participate in seminar organised by Banks or government

organisation
Yes No
77
61
22
15
4 1
Micro Small Medium
Out of 103 respondents 22 micro, 77 small and 4 medium sized entrepreneur’s respondents participated in
seminars organised for development of SMEs by Banks or Government organisation.
It was found that small units had more participation than micro and medium SME units.
Table No. SMEs Sell of Products
Sell of Products
Response Local state national International
Yes 60% 66.7% 81.7% 71.1%
No 40% 33.3% 18.3% 28.9%
Total 100% 100% 100% 100%
Sell of Product at which levels
90
80
70
60
50 Yes
40 No
30
20
10
0
Local state national International
a. 60 per cent of the respondents were selling their products at local level whereas 40 per cent were not
selling it at local level.
b. Majority of the SME respondents were selling their products at state level that is 66.7 per cent but 33.3
per cent were not selling it at state level.
c. From 180 respondents 81.7 per cent of them were selling products at international level, which shows
significantly higher proportion than 18.3 per cent who were Not able to sell products at national level.
This shows many of the respondents preferred to sell their produce at state or local level only.
d. Many of the respondents preferred and participated in product sell at international level around 71.1
per cent whereas 28.9 per cent were unable to export their products.
The above table and chart depicts Sell of product was majorly done by units on National level as compare rest
three levels.
Type of Sell of Product

Enterprise Local state national International
Micro 22 28 26 19
Small 84 89 116 104
Medium 2 3 5 5
Total 108 120 147 128
Micro Small Medium
116
104
89
84
28 26
22 19
2 3 5 5
a. 22 Micro units’ respondents were selling their products at local level whereas 28 units were selling it
at state level followed by 26 on national and 19 units on international level.
b. Small units seen was highest on National level followed by International, State and then Local level.
c. 2 Medium units had sell on local level, 3 on state and 5 units on both national and international level.
Category of Sell of Product

product Local state national International
produced
Textile 40 48 66 60
Total 108 120 147 128
Textile Chemical
81
72
68 66 68
60
48
40
a. Textile SME units were having major sell of products on National level followed by international,
state and then local level.
b. Chemical units were having sell majorly on national level followed by state and then local and
international.
It can be concluded that Textile and chemical both units had major sell at National level.
Table No. SMEs Nature of demand for the products
Nature of demand for the Valid Per Cumulative

Frequency Per cent
products cent Per cent
Seasonal 2 1.1 1.1 1.1
Through Out the Year 178 98.9 98.9 100
Total 180 100 100
Nature of demand for the products
Seasonal Through Out the Year
1%
99%
Among all 180 SME respondents 98.9 per cent of the respondents had throughout the year demand for their
products whereas only 1.1 per cent of the respondents had seasonal demand for their products.
Category of Nature of demand for the products

product produced Seasonal Through Out the Total
Year
Textile 2 75 77
Chemical 0 103 103
Total 2 178 180
Textile Chemical
103
75
2 0
Majority of the SME respondents were having throughout the year demand vis-a-vis only 2 Textile SME
respondents were having seasonal demand. Out of 178 respondents with throughout the year demand 75 were
Textile SME respondents and 103 were Chemical.
Type of Enterprise Nature of demand for the products

Seasonal Through Out the Year Total
Micro 0 37 37
Small 2 136 138
Medium 0 5 5
Total 2 178 180
136
37
0 2 0 5
Micro Small Medium
Only 2 small enterprise’s respondents were having seasonal demand rest all respondents had throughout the
year demand.
Response Export to which countries
USA Africa Europe Asia
Yes 46.7 46.1 41.1 57.2
No 53.3 53.9 58.9 42.8
Total 100 100 100 100
Export to which countries
60
50
40
Yes
30
No
20
10
0
a. 46.7 per cent of the respondents were exporting products to USA and 53.3 per cent did Not export to
USA.
b. 46.3 per cent of the SME respondents exported products to Africa whereas 53.9 per cent were Not.
c. Among total 180 SME respondents 41.1 per cent were exporting products to Europe and 58.9 per cent
were Not exporting to Europe.
d. From all 180 respondents 57.2 per cent exported product to Asia and 42.8 per cent were Not exporting
it to Asian countries.
The above chart states that majority of the units were exporting their produced to Europe countries.
Type of Export to which countries
Enterprise USA Africa Europe Asia
Micro 11 12 9 16
Small 69 58 70 83
Medium 4 4 4 4
Total 84 74 83 103
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Micro Small Medium
a. Out of 84 respondents who were exporting products to USA 11 were Micro, 69 small and 4 medium
sized enterprise respondents in it.
b. 12 micro, 58 small and 4 medium sized enterprise respondents were exporting products to Africa.
c. Exports to Europe were by 9 micro respondents, 70 small and 4 medium sized enterprise’s
respondents.
d. 16 Micro, 83 small and 4 medium sized enterprise’s respondents were exporting products to Asian
countries.
Category of Export to which countries
product USA Africa Europe Asia
produced
Textile 41 28 36 44
Total 84 74 83 103
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Textile Chemical
a. 41 Textile SME respondents were exporting product to USA and 43 chemical SME respondents, rest
all did not.
b. Exports to Africa were done by 28 Textile SME respondents and 46 Chemical SME respondents out of
74 SME respondents. Rest all were exporting to some other countries.
c. Out of 83 SME respondents 36 were Textile SME respondents and 47 were Chemical SME
respondents were exporting products to Europe; rest 97 out of total 180 respondents did not export to
Europe.
d. 103 out of total 180 SME respondents were exporting products to Asia of which 44 were Textile SME
respondents and 59 were Chemical SME respondents. Rest all did not export to Asia.
Q29. How many employees are there under marketing department?
Per Valid Per Cumulative
Frequency cent cent Per cent
less than 2 93 51.7 51.7 51.7
3 to 5 73 40.6 40.6 92.2
6 to 10 11 6.1 6.1 98.3
11 to 20 3 1.7 1.7 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Employees under marketing department
2%
6%
less than 2
3 to 5
52% 6 to 10
40%
11 to 20
51.7 per cent of the SMEs were having less than 2 employees under marketing department, 50.6 per cent were
having 3 to 5 number of employees in marketing department, 6.1 per cent were having 6 to 10 employees
under marketing department and only 1.7 per cent of them were having 11 to 20 employees under marketing
department.
Employees under Marketing Department Total
less than 2 3 to 5 6 to 10 11 to 20
Textile 41 28 5 3 77
Chemical 52 45 6 0 103
Total 93 73 11 3 180
Employees under Marketing Department
60
50
40
Textile
30
Chemical
20
10
0
Majority of the chemical SME respondents has sent their employees for training under marketing department.
a. 93 SME respondents had less than 2 employees under marketing department of which 41 were from Textile
SME respondents and 52 from Chemicals.
b. 73 Respondents had 2 to 5 employees under marketing department of which only 28 were of Textile SME
respondents and 45 were Chemicals.
c. Only 11 respondents had 6 to 10 employees working for marketing department.
d. On contrary 3 Respondents had 11 to 20 employees under marketing department.
Q29 Total
Micro 34 1 1 1 37
Small 58 71 9 0 138
Medium 1 1 1 2 5
Total 93 73 11 3 180
Employees under Marketing Department
80
70
60
50 Micro
40 Small
30 Medium
20
10
0
Cumulative Per
Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent cent
Yes 137 76.1 76.1 76.1
No 43 23.9 23.9 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Impart or Send your Marketing Staff for Training
Yes No
24%
76%
76.1 per cent of the SMEs send their employees for training whereas 23.9 per cent do Not send or impart
training to employees this can be interpreted for fewer sales in some of the companies.
Impart or Send your

Type of Marketing Staff for Training
Micro 27 10 37
Small 106 32 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 137 43 180
120
100
80
Yes
60
No
40
20
0
Micro Small Medium
137 respondents who were sending their employees for marketing training 27 of them were micro, 106 small
and 4 medium sized enterprise’s respondents were there.
Category Impart or Send your

of Marketing Staff for Training
product yes No Total
produced
Textile 59 18 77
Chemical 78 25 103
Total 137 43 180
80
70
60
50 Textile
40 Chemical
30
20
10
0
yes No
59 Textile SME respondents sent their employees for training under marketing department vis a vis 78 of the
Chemical SME respondent who sent employees for training.
Valid
Per Cumulative
cent Per cent
cent
Quarterly 18 10 10 10
Half Yearly 52 28.9 28.9 38.9
Annually 18 10 10 48.9
Occasionally 49 27.2 27.2 76.1
Not
43 23.9 23.9 100
Applicable
Total 180 100 100
Marketing Training Interval
10%
24%
Quarterly
Half Yearly
29% Annually
Occasionally
Not Applicable
27%
10%
Among all 180 SME respondents, 10 per cent of the companies impart quarterly training, 28.9 per cent impart
half yearly, 10 per cent of them send yearly, 27.2 per cent of them send occasionally and 23.9 per cent do Not
send their employees for training.
Category marketing training interval
of product Half Not
produced Quarterly Annually Occasionally Total
Yearly Applicable
Textile 5 23 1 30 18 77
Chemical 13 29 17 19 25 103
Total 18 52 18 49 43 180
Textile Chemical
29 30
25
23
19 18
17
13
5
1
Quarterly Half Yearly Annually Occasionally Not

Applicable
a. Among 137 SME respondents who had sent their employees for training, 18 of them were sending on
quarterly basis of which 13 were chemical SME respondents and 5 only among Textiles.
b. 52 respondents had imparted marketing training on half yearly basis of which 23 were Textile SME
respondents and 29 Chemicals.
c. Only 1 Textile and 17 Chemical SME respondents had sent their employees for training on yearly basis.
d. Occasional training was opted by 18 respondents, of which 30 were textile respondents and 19 from
chemical SME respondents.
The above data reveals that majority of the SME respondent’s preferred occasional training rather than all
other intervals for training.
Type of marketing training interval
Enterprise Half Not
Quarterly Annually Occasionally Total
Yearly Applicable
Micro 0 4 12 11 10 37
Small 15 47 6 38 32 138
Medium 3 1 0 0 1 5
Total 18 52 18 49 43 180
.
Micro Small Medium
47
38
32
15
12 11 10
4 6
3 1 1
0 0 0

Applicable
a. 15 micro and 3 medium sized enterprise’s respondents were imparting training to their employees on
quarterly basis.
b. 52 respondents were giving training on half yearly basis in which 4 were micro respondents, 47 small and 1
medium sized enterprise respondents.
c. Only 12 micro and 6 small enterprise respondents were imparting training to their employees on half yearly
basis.
d. 11 micro and 38 small enterprise respondents were imparting training occasionally to their employees.
Mode of marketing of product
Valid
Per Cumulative
cent Per cent
cent
Own Outlet 2 1.1 1.1 1.1
Agents 144 80 80 81.1
Government
Organistions 21 11.7 11.7 92.8
(EPC)
Others 13 7.2 7.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Mode of Marketing of Product
Own Outlet Agents Government Organistions (EPC) Others
1%
7%
12%
80%
Majority of the SMEs preferred their own agents for the distribution of the products followed by Governments
Export promotion councils11.7 per cent, other methods 7. 2 per cent and only 11.1 per cent had their own
outlet for marketing their products.
Category Mode of marketing of product
of
product Own Agents
GO
Others Total
produced Outlet (EPC)
Textile 2 56 7 2 77
Chemical 5 83 14 11 103
Total 7 139 21 13 180
90
80
70
60
50 Textile
40 Chemical
30
20
10
0
Own Outlet Agents GO (EPC) Others
Marketing of the products was conducted by SME respondents in the form of Own outlet, Agents,
Government organisations (EPC) and other forms.
a. 2 Textile and 5 Chemical SME respondents opted for own outlets.
b. Majority of the respondents opted for Agents distribution of which 56 were Textile SMEs and 83 were
Chemical SME respondents.
c. Government organisation or EPC (Export Promotion Councils) were preferred by 7 Textile SME
respondents and 14 were Chemical SME respondents.
d. Only 2 Textile and 11 chemical SME respondents opted for other means of marketing than the mentioned
one.
Majority of the Respondents preferred Agents as the source than rest of the sources.
Type of Mode of marketing of product
Enterprise Own Agents
GO
Others Total
Outlet (EPC)
Micro 0 30 0 7 37
Small 6 107 19 6 138
Medium 1 2 2 0 5
Total 7 139 21 13 180
120
100
80
Micro
60 Small
Medium
40
20
0
a. Only 6 Small and 1 Medium SME respondents were marketing their products through own outlets.
b. Majority of the respondents preferred to market product through agents only. 30 micro enterprise
respondents, 107 small and 2 medium sized enterprise respondents were marketing their products through
agents.
c.19 small and 2 medium sized enterprise respondents were marketing their products through Government
organisation / EPC.
d. Only 7 Micro and 6 small enterprise respondents marketed their product through other means.
Response different means of publicity
Industrial magazine newspapers billboard hoardings internet
Yes 129 11 11 131
No 51 169 169 49
Total 180 180 180 180
different means of publicity
180
160
140
120
100 Yes
80
No
60
40
20
0
Industrial newspapers billboard internet
magazine hoardings
a. For the publicity of the organisation 71.7 per cent SMEs preferred industrial magazine as a source of
publicity 28.3 per cent of it did Not.
b. From all the 180 respondents only 6.1 per cent used newspapers and billboard hoardings as a source of
publicity and 93.9 per cent did Not.
c. Out of total 180 respondents 72.8 per cent of the SMEs prefer internet as publicity cum advertising
mode which shows a significantly good number of usage than 27.2 per cent who did Not opt for it.
d. 72.8 per cent of the SMEs preferred other than mentioned sources as a publicity channel or they did
Not need it.
Publicity Means
Type of Industrial Billboards/

Enterprise Magazine Newspaper hoardings Internet other Total
Micro 35 2 1 18 27 37
Small 92 9 9 108 99 138
Medium 2 0 1 5 5 5
Total 129 11 11 131 131 180
120
100
80
60
40 Micro
20 Small
0 Medium
a. For the publicity measures from total 180 SMEs 37 Micro SME’s majority of the entrepreneurs were using
industrial magazines, only 2 of them were using newspaper, and 1 for billboards. 18 of them were using
internet mode and 27 were using other measures for publicity.
b. Out of 138 SMEs 92 of the entrepreneurs were using industrial magazines, only 9 were using both
Newspapers and billboards. 108 of them opted for internet and 99 of them used other sources of publicity.
c. Out of 5 Medium enterprises all of 5 used internet and other sources whereas 1 used billboards and 2 were
using magazine. None of them were using newspaper for their publicity.
Overall 131 of the respondents used internet and other sources. Only 11 of them were using newspaper and
billboards.
It can be concluded that majority of the respondents were using internet and industrial magazines.
Category different means of publicity
of product Industrial magazine newspapers billboard hoardings internet
produced
Textile 62 3 4 56
Chemical 67 8 7 75
80
70
60
50
40 Textile
30 Chemical
20
10
0
magazine hoardings
a. Industrial Magazine was opted as a means of publicity by 62 Textile SME respondents and 67
Chemical SME respondents. This depicts out of 129 SME respondents both Textile and chemical SME
respondents approximately equally using Industrial magazine as a means of publicity.
b. Newspaper was opt as a means of publicity by only 11 respondents of which 3 were Textile SME
respondents and 8 were Chemical SME respondents. This depicts out of 180 SME respondents neither
Textile nor Chemical SME respondents were the major users.
c. Hoardings and billboards were opt as a means of publicity by only 11 respondents of which 4 were
Textile SME respondents and 7 Chemical SME respondents. This depicts out of 180 SME respondents
neither Textile nor chemical SME respondents were the major users.
d. 131 out of 180 respondents were using Internet as a means of publicity of which 56 were Textile SME
Response Tools of promotion and development
Technology up- Infrastructural up- Machinery and advance new
gradation gradation equipment products
Yes 130 109 126 99
No 50 71 54 81
Total 180 180 180 180
Tools of promotion and development
140
120
100
80
Yes
60
No
40
20
0
Technology Infrastructural Machinery new products
up-gradation up-gradation and advance
equipment
a. 72.2 per cent of the SMEs were using Technology up-gradation as a promotion and development
measure for the companies and 27.8 per cent were Not using
b. From total 180 respondents Infrastructural up-gradation was opted by 60.6 per cent of the respondents
and 39.4 per cent did Not opt for this option.
c. Purchase of new machineries and advance equipment opt by 70 per cent of the SME respondents but
30 per cent of them were Not.
d. Among 180 respondents, 55 per cent of the SMEs were launching their new products. But 45 per cent
were Not taking such measures as a tool for promotion and development.
Type of Up-gradation Infrastructural Machinery and New Total

Enterprise to advance up-gradation advance equipments product
Technology
Micro 28 26 27 24 37
Small 98 78 95 70 138
Medium 4 5 4 5 5
Total 130 109 126 99 180
Micro Small Medium
98 95
78
70
28 26 27 24
4 5 4 5
product
Up-gradation to Infrastructural Machinery and New
advance up-gradation advance
Technology equipments
a. Out of total 180 SMEs 37 micro SME’s 28 entrepreneurs were promoting company by up gradation of
Technology , 26 entrepreneurs were doing infrastructural up gradation, 27 were buying advance machinery
and equipments and 24 entrepreneurs were promoting through New product development.
b. 138 Small SME’s 98 entrepreneurs did Technology up-gradation, 78 were doing infrastructural up-
gradation, 95 were buying machineries and advance equipments and 70 of them were launching new products
for promotion and development of their SMEs.
c. From 5 Medium enterprises all 5 entrepreneurs were upgrading Technology as well were buying machinery
and advance equipments and 4 of them were conducting infrastructural up-gradation and launching new
products for their enterprise’s development.
Overall 130 respondents used up-gradation of Technology as a promotional tools followed by 126
were buying machinery and advance Technology . 109 of the entrepreneurs were doing infrastructural up-
gradation and only 99 of them were launching new product. It can be concluded that majority of the
entrepreneurs were preferring up-gradation of Technology and very few opted for launching new products.
Category Tools of promotion and development
of
product Technology up- Infrastructural up- Machinery and advance new
produced gradation gradation equipments products
Textile 49 38 48 25
Total 130 109 126 99
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10 Textile
0
Chemical
a. Technological up-gradation was considered as measure for promotion and development by 130 SME
respondents. 49 Textile and rest 81 Chemical SME respondents opted for this option of measures for
promotion and development.
b. 109 respondents held infrastructural up-gradation as a measure for promotion and development. 38
Textile SME respondents and 71 Chemical SME respondents had opt for this measure.
c. 48 Textile and 78 Chemical SME respondents had opted for Machinery and advance equipment as a
measure of promotion and development. In all 126 out of 180 respondents opted for the measure of
machinery and equipment.
d. New product development was opting by 99 SME respondents out of which 25 were Textile SME
respondents and rest 74 were Chemical SME respondents.
`
Unit/Professional information:
1. Year of establishment: ____________
2. Origin of Firm: a. newly started by self b. Family business c. Acquired from others d.
Sick unit taken over e. Other ( specify)__________
3. If newly started by self, specify age at the time of establishment._______________
4. Whether unit registered with MIDC? Yes/no
5. Nature of unit: a. Textile b. Chemical
i. Products produced by unit:
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
6. Form of organisation:
a. Proprietorship b. Partnership c. Private Ltd. d. Public Ltd. e. other
7. Type of Enterprise: a. micro b. small c. medium
8. Size of unit: Investment in plant & machinery
a. Less than Rs. 5 crore b. Rs.5 crore – 10 crore c. Rs.10 crore and above
9. Does your unit have ISO certification? Yes/no
10. Is your unit is accredited with credit by credit rating agencies? Yes/no
If yes, then by which agencies among following?
a. CRISIL b.CARE c. ONICRA d. SMERA
e. Any other _________
Employee’s background:
11. State nature of employees and total number of employees:
Total
number of
Gender Skilled Unskilled employees
Male
Female
12. Type of labour employed with your company?
Casual/
Gender Permanent Temporary Contract
Male
Female
Financial information:
13. What are the sources of finance?
a. Bank( _______) b. Non Banking Financial institution(_________)
c. owned resources d. Family resources
14. Do you prepare Annual report? Yes/ No
15. Have you ever taken any loan? Yes/ No
If yes, i. From whom: a. Public sector bank b. Private sector bank
c. Non Banking Financial Inst. d.Co-op banks
16. Do you review the performance of your unit Yes/ No

If yes, then by whom?
a. Bank b. Financial Institution c. Govt. organisation

17. Do you participate in any seminar organised for development of SME by Banks or government
organisations? Yes/ No
Market information:
18. Where do you sell your product?
a. Local b. state c. national d. international
19. Nature of demand: a. seasonal b. throughout year.
20. Where does your Company export products?
a. USA b. Europe c. Africa d. Asia e. Other (___________)
21. How many employees are there under marketing department? ___________
a. less than 2 b. 03-05 c. 06-10 d. 11-20
22. Do you impart or send your marketing staff for training? Yes /No
If yes, at what intervals
a. Monthly b. quarterly c. half-yearly d. Annually e. Occasionally

23. How do you market your product?
a. By own outlets b. Agents c. Government organisations ( EPC) d. other
24. What are different means of publicity used by your organisations?
a. Industrial magazines b. Newspapers c. Hoardings- billboards d.
Internet e. other
25. Which of the following measures are taken for promotion and development ofcompany?
a. Technology up gradation b. Infrastructural up gradation
c. Machinery and advance equipments d. New product
4. To study the regulatory mechanism governing Small and Medium Enterprises.
Part III- Awareness level
8. To study the awareness level on different government schemes under MSME with respect of selected
sample of Tarapur MIDC
This part elaborates the awareness level of SME’s Entrepreneur respondents regarding government
schemes offered by MSME.
Participation in Government schemes and facilities:

26. Have you applied for any subsidies? Yes/ No
If applied, have you received subsidies? Yes/No
27. Are you aware about any government schemes? Yes/ No
28. Do you participate in any government scheme? Yes/ No
If yes, which from the following?
1. International Cooperation Scheme

2. Performance and credit rating Scheme
3. Assistance to Training Institutions Scheme
4. Marketing Assistance Scheme
5. CSS of Export Market Promotion
6. Skill Upgradation& Quality improvement and Mahila Coir Yojana
7. Support for entrepreneurial and managerial development of SMEs through incubators
8. Providing Financial Assistance on Bar-Code' an NMCP Scheme
9. Enabling manufacturing sector to be competitive through Quality Management Standards
and Quality technology tools
10. Building Awareness on Intellectual Property Rights' (IPR) for the Micro, Small & Medium
Enterprises
11. Lean Manufacturing Competitiveness of Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (LMCS)
12. Setting up Mini Tool Room & Training Centres under PPP Mode
13. Building Design expertise of MSMEs Manufacturing sector (Design clinic scheme)
14. Marketing Assistance and Technology Up-gradation of MSMEs
15. 'Promotion of ICT in Indian Manufacturing Sector (ICT)
16. Micro & Small Enterprises Cluster Development Programme (MSE-CDP)
17. Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology Upgradation (CLCS- TU)
18. Market Development Assistance (MDA)
19. 'National Awards'
20. Trade Related Entrepreneurship Assistance and Development (TREAD) Scheme to Women
21. Entrepreneurship Skill Development Programmes (ESDP)
22. Vendor Development Programme for Ancillarisation
23. Not Applicable
29. Do you think Government schemes are easy to follow? Yes/ No
Per Valid Per
Response Frequency cent cent Cumulative Per cent
Yes 180 100.0 100.0 100.0
Claimed or Received
Yes 180 100.0 100.0 100.0
All of the 180 SMEs applied for subsidies and also have received the same. It can be interpreted as claim
received to be a reason behind negligence or No interest towards Government schemes
Per Valid Per Cumulative Per

Response Frequency cent cent cent
Yes 155 86.1 86.1 86.1
No 25 13.9 13.9 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
Awaeness level about Government schemes among SME units
No
14%
Yes
86%
Awareness level about Government

Category of schemes among SME units
product produced
Yes No Total
Textile 56 21 77
Chemical 99 4 103
Total 155 25 180
Awareness level about Government schemes among SME units
100
90
80
70
60 Textile
50 Chemical
40
30
20
10
0
Yes No
Among all 180 SME respondents 155 SME respondents were aware about Government schemes of which 56
were Textile SMEs and 99 were Chemical SME respondents. This shows majority of the Chemical SME
respondents were aware of the government schemes against Textile SME respondents.
Awareness level about Government schemes

Type of Enterprise among SME units
Yes No Total
Micro 32 5 37
Small 119 19 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 155 25 180
Awareness level about Government schemes among SME units
120
100
80
Yes
60
No
40
20
0
Micro Small Medium
Among 155 respondents who were aware about government’s schemes, 32 were micro enterprise respondents,
119 Small and 4 medium enterprise respondents.
Q36. Do you participate in any government schemes?

Yes 15 8.3 8.3 8.3
No 165 91.7 91.7 100.0
Total 180 100.0 100.0
SME unit's Participate in any government schemes
Yes No
8%
92%
Among total 180 SMEs only 8.3 per cent of the SMEs have participated in Government’s MSME
schemes rest all 91.7 per cent of them did Not participated in any of the schemes. For this reasons were stated
regarding subsidies offered by MIDC were opting by them whereas some of them stated participating in
Government schemes is a hassle job. Somehow they all avoid opting for the schemes due to complexity in
process.
Category of SME unit's Participate in any government schemes
product produced Yes No Total
Textile 7 70 77
Chemical 8 95 103
Total 15 165 180
Textile Chemical
95
70
7 8
Yes No
Despite of 155 respondents aware about Government schemes only 15 SME respondents who had actually
participated in Government schemes. Majority of the SME respondents did not show any interest in
participation of Government schemes. 7 Textile and 8 Chemical SME respondents opted out of total 180 SME
respondents. This is a very poor figure about the participation in Government schemes. This depicts
unwillingness of the respondents towards the schemes.
SME unit's Participate in any
Type of Enterprise government schemes
Yes No Total
Micro 3 34 37
Small 9 129 138
Medium 3 2 5
Total 15 165 180
140
120
100
80 Yes
60 No
40
20
0
Micro Small Medium
Despite of 155 respondent’s awareness level towards Government’s schemes; only 3 micro, 9 small and 3
Medium enterprises were participating in their schemes. Rest all 165 not at all participated in Government’s
schemes irrespective of their awareness level towards it.
Valid
Per Cumulative
Participation in Governement schemes Frequency Per
cent Per cent
cent
International Cooperation Scheme 1 0.6 0.6 0.6
Marketing Assistance Scheme 5 2.8 2.8 3.3

Marketing Assistance and Technology Up-
1 0.6 0.6 3.9
gradation
Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for
3 1.7 1.7 5.6
Technology Up-gradation (CLCS- TU)
Market Development Assistance (MDA)
3 1.7 1.7 7.2
schemes
Not participated 167 92.8 92.8 100
Total 180 100 100
Participation in Governement schemes
Series1
Not participated 92.8
Market Development Assistance (MDA)

1.7
schemes
Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for
1.7
Technology Up-gradation (CLCS- TU)
Marketing Assistance and Technology
0.6
Up-gradation
Marketing Assistance Scheme 2.8
International Cooperation Scheme 0.6
Though there is less participation in Government schemes some of the entrepreneurs participated in
few Government schemes. 0.6 per cent for International Cooperation Scheme, 0.6 per cent Marketing
Assistance and Technology Up-gradation of MSMEs that means only 2 companies participated in these
schemes separately which is very poor counts. Only 1.7 per cent of the SMEs participated in Credit Linked
Capital Subsidy for Technology Up-gradation (CLCS- TU) and Market Development Assistance (MDA)
schemes separately. 2.8 per cent that is 5 of the SMEs participated in Marketing Assistance Scheme. But it
can be stated that majority of the respondents not participated in government schemes, this depicts the
ignorance or hindrance towards adaption for government schemes.
Category of product
Participation in Governement schemes produced
Textile Chemical Total
International Cooperation Scheme 1 1 2
Marketing Assistance Scheme 2 2 4
Marketing Assistance and Technology Up-gradation 2 1 3

Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology Up-gradation
1 2 3
(CLCS- TU)
Market Development Assistance (MDA) schemes 1 2 3
Not participated 70 95 165
Total 77 103 180
Textile Chemical
95
70
1 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 1 2
a. Among 15 SME respondents who had participated in Government schemes, both single Textile and
Chemical SME respondents opted for International Cooperation Scheme.
b. Marketing Assistance schemes were opt by 2 Textile and 2Chemical SME respondents.
c. 2 textile and 1 chemical SME respondents opt for Marketing Assistance and Technology Up-gradation of
MSMEs.
d. 1 Textile and 2Chemical SME respondents had opted for Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology
Up-gradation (CLCS- TU) scheme.
e. 1 Textile and 2Chemical SME respondents had opted for Market Development Schemes. Rest all majority
of the SME respondents did not opt for any other Government’s schemes.
Type of Enterprise
Micro Small Medium Total
International Cooperation Scheme 0 2 0 2
Marketing Assistance Scheme 2 2 0 4
Marketing Assistance and Technology Up-gradation 1 1 1 3
Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology Up-
0 3 0 3
gradation (CLCS- TU)
Market Development Assistance (MDA) schemes 0 3 0 3
Not participated 34 127 4 165
Total 37 138 5 180
Micro Small Medium
127
34
0 2 0 2 2 0 1 1 1 0 3 0 0 3 0 4
Among 15 SME respondents who had participated in Government schemes.

a. 2 small enterprise respondents opted for International Cooperation Scheme.
b. Marketing Assistance schemes were opt by 2 micro enterprise respondent and 2 Small enterprise
respondents.
c.1micro, 1 small and 1 medium enterprise respondents opt for Marketing Assistance and Technology Up-
gradation of MSMEs.
d. Only 3 Small Enterprise respondents had opted for Credit Linked Capital Subsidy for Technology Up-
gradation (CLCS- TU) scheme.
e. Only 3 small enterprise respondents had opted for Market Development Schemes.
Rest all majority of the SME respondents did not opt for any other Government’s schemes.
Government schemes are easy to follow
Valid
Per Cumulative
cent Per cent
cent
Yes 19 10.6 10.6 10.6
No 161 89.4 89.4 91.1
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
10.6%
89.4%
10.6 per cent of the SMEs reported government schemes were easy to follow rest all majorities of the SMEs
reported procedures of Government schemes to be complex to follow. This can be stated as a reason behind
Not opting for Government schemes by SMEs.
Category of product Government schemes are easy to follow

Textile 5 72 77
Chemical 1 102 103
Total 6 174 180
Textile Chemical
102
72
5 1
Yes No
15 respondents who have stated about participation in Government schemes, only 6 of them who reported
Government schemes are easy to follow rest 9 did not. 5 Textile and 1 Chemical SME respondents reported
Government schemes were easy to follow.

Type of Enterprise
yes no Total
Micro 0 37 37
Small 5 133 138
Medium 1 4 5
Total 6 174 180
140
120
100
80 yes
60 no
40
20
0
Micro Small Medium
Only 5 small and 1 medium enterprise respondents stated that Government schemes are easy to follow.
Part IV- Growth of SMEs and working employees under it
This section will explain in detail about growth pattern of SMEs in terms of sales, profit, export,
Technologies adopted etc. in span of five years.
Table No. Statement Showing Thane District's Number of Entrepreneur Memorandum (Part-
II) Filed By The Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises At The District Industries Centres Under
The Directorate Of Industries, Mumbai, Maharashtra.
Year wise growth ofMSMEs in Micro Small Medium Total

Thane District
1st April 2007 to 31st March 2008 381 647 10 1038
Source: - The Directorate of Industries, Government of Maharashtra.
Total No. of MSME EM-II in Thane

4511
3801
3038
2577
2138
1038 985 1187
1st April 1st April 1st April 1st April 1st April 1st April 1st April 1st April
2007 to 2008 to 2009 to 2010 to 2011 to 2012 to 2013 to 2014 to
31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March 31st March
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Year wise growth of MSMEs in Thane District
3000
2500
2000
1500 Micro
1000 Small
500 Medium
Year wise growth in per centage of MSMEs in Thane

District
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
Micro
30.0
Small
20.0
10.0 Medium
0.0
State the trend of your company on the basis of following parameters.
Sales Profit
Year Rs. (yes/ no)
2010-11
2011-12
2012-13
2013-14
2014-15
1. Do you receive salary and other allowance on time? Yes/ No

2. Are you able to save out of your salary and allowances? Yes/ No
If yes, state monthly amount
a. Up to Rs.500 b. Rs. 501-1500 c. Rs. 1,501-3,000 d. Rs.3,001-5,.000 e. Rs. 5,001-
7,500 f. Rs. 7,501 and above
3. Do you receive any annual increments? Yes/ No
4. Do you receive technical trainings on your job?
a. Quarterly b. Half-yearly c. Annually d. None
5. Whether your unit has upgraded technology/ machine? Yes/ No
a. If yes, then in which year it was last upgraded? _________
b. Whether technology or machine requires training to employees? Yes/ No
c. What changes did you observe after adoption of machine/ technology?
Please put tick mark wherever applicable.
Changes After Adaption Of Technology

I Increased Sales
Ii Increased Profit
Iii Increased Productivity
Environmental impact of SMEs on working employees and labour –This part portrays the facts of
Textile and Chemical industries from Tarapur MIDC area are creating adverse impact on employees
working in different units along with non-working and residential area. X
1. Is your unit registered with MPCB norms for Environment standards? Yes/ No
2. Any environment pollutants are a part of your production process? Yes/ No
If yes, which of the following?
a. Air pollutants b. Water pollutants c. soil pollutants d. Noise pollutants

3. Do these pollutants impact health of labours working in your unit? Yes/ No
4. Can you give name of the pollutant impacting health of labours? ______________
5. Does company take any corrective measures for pollutants/Effluent treatment?
Yes/ No
3. To study the growth of Micro, Small and Medium enterprises of Textile and Chemical industries of Tarapur
MIDC
5. To analyze and study the growth of Small and Medium Enterprises in Textile and Chemical Industry of
Tarapur MIDC.
7. To evaluate the marketing potentials of Small and Medium Enterprises in Textile and Chemical industry in
Tarapur
1. Do you impart or send your marketing staff for training? Yes /No
If yes, at what intervals
a. Monthly b. quarterly c. half-yearly d. Annually e. Occasionally

2. How do you market your product?
a. By own outlets b. Agents c. Government organisations ( EPC) d. other
3. What are different means of publicity used by your organisations?
a. Industrial magazines b. Newspapers c. Hoardings- billboards d.
Internet e. other
4. Which of the following measures are taken for promotion and development ofcompany?
a. Technology up gradation b. Infrastructural up gradation
c. Machinery and advance equipments d. New product
Sales in Crore
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 13-14 14-15
775.436 951.237 1312.771 1318.885 1529.214
1800
1600 1529.214
1400 1312.771 1318.885
1200
951.237
1000
775.436
800
600
400
200
0
2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 13-14 14-15
Sales in Crore
Series1
Sales in Crore
Profit of SME unit for 2010-11
Valid
Per Cumulative
cent Per cent
cent
Yes 180 100 100 100

Type of Category of product
Enterprise produced
Yes 7 30 37
Micro No 0 0 0
Total 7 30 37
Yes 67 71 138
Small No 0 0 0
Total 67 71 138
Yes 3 2 5
Medium No 0 0 0
Total 3 2 5
Total Yes 77 103 180
Textile Chemical
71
67
30
7
3 2
Micro Small Medium

Valid
Cumulative
Response Frequency Per cent Per
Per cent
cent
Yes 172 95.6 95.6 95.6
No 8 4.4 4.4 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
4%
96%

Enterprise produced
Yes 7 29 36
Micro No 0 1 1
Total 7 30 37
Yes 62 69 131
Small No 5 2 7
Total 67 71 138
Yes 3 2 5
Medium No 0 0 0
Total 3 2 5
Total 77 103 180
Textile Chemical
69
62
29
7
3 2
Micro Small Medium

Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 172 95.6 95.6 95.6
No 8 4.4 4.4 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
4%
96%

Enterprise produced
Yes 7 29 36
Micro No 0 1 1
Total 7 30 37
Yes 62 69 131
Small No 5 2 7
Total 67 71 138
Yes 3 2 5
Medium No 0 0 0
Total 3 2 5
Total Total 77 103 180
Textile Chemical
69
62
29
7
3 2
Micro Small Medium

Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 176 97.8 97.8 97.8
No 4 2.2 2.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
2.2%
97.8%
Type of Enterprise Category of product produced Textile Chemical Total
Yes 7 29 36
No 0 1 1
Micro Total 7 30 37
Yes 66 69 135
No 1 2 3
Small Total 67 71 138
Yes 3 2 5
No 0 0 0
Medium Total 3 2 5
Yes 76 100 176
No 1 3 4
Textile Chemical
66 69
29
7
3 2
Micro Small Medium

Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 176 97.8 97.8 97.8
No 4 2.2 2.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
2.2%
97.8%

Enterprise produced Textile Chemical Total
Yes 7 27 34
No 0 3 3
Micro Total 7 30 37
Yes 66 71 137
No 1 0 1
Small Total 67 71 138
Yes 3 2 5
No 0 0 0
Medium Total 3 2 5
Yes 76 100 176
No 1 3 4
Textile Chemical
71
66
27
7
3 2
Micro Small Medium

Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per
cent
Yes 900 100.0 100.0 100.0
Interpretation: 100 per cent all of the respondents receive salary and other allowances on time, which
can be one of the reason for sustaining with the same organisation.
Type of Q19. Receiving Salary and allowances on time

Enterprise
Yes Total
Micro 100.00% 100.00%
Small 100.00% 100.00%
Medium 100.00% 100.00%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
Receiving Salary and allowances on time
Yes
100.00% 100.00% 100.00%
Micro Small Medium
Receiving salary and allowances on time it increases across micro, small and medium enterprises is verified
with above table and results provide that they are receiving salary and allowances at right time in micro, small
and medium enterprises.
Category of product Receiving Salary and allowances

produced on time
Yes Total
Textile 100.00% 100.00%
Chemical 100.00% 100.00%

Total 100.00% 100.00%
Receiving Salary and allowances on time
100.00%
90.00%
80.00%
70.00%
60.00% Yes
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
10.00%
0.00%
Textile Chemical
Receiving salary and allowances on time it increases across industries is verified with above table and results
provide that they are receiving salary and allowances at right time in textile and chemical industries..
Amount saved monthly

Per
Monthly savings Frequency cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent
upto 500 92 10.2 10.2 10.2
501-1500 186 20.7 20.7 30.9
1501-3000 267 29.7 29.7 60.6
3001-5000 185 20.6 20.6 81.1
5001-7500 110 12.2 12.2 93.3
7501 60 6.7 6.7 100
Total 900 100 100
Per cent
29.7
20.7
20.6
10.2
12.2
6.7
Interpretation: from the total 900 respondents 10.2 per cent of them are able to save up to Rs. 500 for a
month from their salaries, however 20.7 per cent able to save in between Rs.501-1,500, 29.7 per cent in
between Rs. 1,501- 3,000 rupees, 20.6 per cent of them able to manage to save up to Rs. 5,000.Only 18 per
cent of the respondents approximately able to save up to 7,500 rupees per month from their salaries. This
indicates all the respondents fairly able to manage savings from their salaries.

Monthly savings Micro Small Medium Total
upto 500 10 76 6 92
501-1500 35 146 5 186
1501-3000 55 207 5 267
3001-5000 39 142 4 185
5001-7500 29 77 4 110
7501 17 42 1 60
Total 185 690 25 900
250
200
150
Micro
100 Small
50 Medium

Monthly savings Textile Chemical Total
upto 500 47 45 92
501-1500 80 106 186
1501-3000 92 175 267
3001-5000 82 103 185
5001-7500 51 59 110
7501 33 27 60
Total 385 515 900
Textile Chemical
175
106 103
92
80 82
59
47 45 51
33 27
upto 500 501-1500 1501-3000 3001-5000 5001-7500 7501

Period to Receive technical training
Per Valid Per Cumulative Per
Period Frequency cent cent cent
Quarterly 19 2.1 2.1 2.1
Half
yearly 192 21.3 21.3 23.4
Yearly 464 51.6 51.6 75
None 225 25 25 100
Total 900 100 100
2%
25% 21%
Quarterly
Half yearly
Yearly
None
52%
Period Micro Small Medium Total
Quarterly 9 8 2 19
Half yearly 44 145 3 192
Yearly 75 178 11 264
None 57 159 9 225
Total 185 690 25 900
Micro Small Medium
178
159
145
75
57
44
9 8 11 9
2 3
Quarterly Half yearly Yearly None

Period Textile Chemical Total
Quarterly 8 11 19
Half yearly 75 117 192
Yearly 186 278 464
None 116 109 225
Total 385 515 900
Textile Chemical
278
186
117 116 109

75
8 11
Quarterly Half yearly Yearly None

Upgraded Technology/ machine
Response Valid
Cumulative
Frequency Per cent Per
Per cent
cent
Yes 158 87.8 87.8 87.8
No 22 12.2 12.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
12%
88%
Out of all 180 respondents, Technology up-gradation was taken by 87.8 per cent of the SME respondents and
12.2 per cent reported they did Not undertake this activity.
Type of Upgraded Technology/ machine
Micro 34 3 37
Small 119 19 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 158 22 180
Yes No
119
34
19
3 5 0
Micro Small Medium

Category of Upgraded Technology/ machine
product Yes No
produced Total
Textile 69 8 77
Chemical 89 14 103
Total 158 22 180
Textile Chemical
89
69
14
8
Yes nO
Technology or machine requires training to
employees
Response Valid
Cumulative
Frequency Per cent Per
Per cent
cent
Yes 140 77.8 77.8 77.8
No 40 22.2 22.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Technology or machine requires training to employees
Yes No
22%
78%
77.8 per cent of the respondents reported about training required for the Technology and machineries
used by them in production process whereas 22.2 per cent did Not stated about any such training.
Technology or machine requires
Type of training to employees
Enterprise
Yes No Total
Micro 26 11 37
Small 110 28 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 140 40 180
Yes No
110
26 28
11
4 1
Micro Small Medium

Category of Technology or machine requires
product training to employees
Textile 65 12 77
Chemical 75 19 103
Total 140 31 180
Textile Chemical
75
65
19
12
Yes No
Changes after adapting Technology
Response
Increased sales Increased profit Increased productivity
Yes 74.4 70.6 73.3
No 25.6 29.4 26.7
Total 100 100 100
Yes No
74.4 70.6 73.3
29.4 26.7
25.6
Increased sales Increased profit Increased

productivity
a. 74.4 per cent of the respondents said they found increase in sales after up-gradation of Technology and
25.6 per cent said there was No such change.
Type of Changes after adapting Technology
Enterprise Increased sales Increased profit Increased productivity
Micro 27 25 26
Small 102 97 102
Medium 5 5 4
Total 134 127 132
Micro Small Medium
102 97 102
27 25 26
5 5 4

productivity
a. Among 180 SME respondents who found increased sales after change of Technology; 27 were Micro
SME respondents, 102 small SME respondents and 5 were Medium.
b. Increase in profit was reported by 25 Micro, 97 Small and 5 Medium SME respondents after adaption
of Technology and machines. All other respondents not found any such changes.
c. Out of 132 respondents 26 Micro, 102 small and 4 Medium sized SME found changes after adaption
of Technology
Category of Changes after adapting Technology
product
produced Increased sales Increased profit Increased productivity
Textile 58 52 57
Chemical 76 84 75
Total 134 127 132
Textile Chemical
84
76 75
58 57
52

productivity
a. 132 SME respondents found increase in productivity after adaption of Technology or machines. 57
Textile and 75 Chemical SME respondents found these changes and rest not.
b. Out of 127 respondents who found increase in profit after adaption of Technology or machines, 52
were Textile SME respondents among them and 84 were Chemical respondents. Rest all did not find
any such changes.
c. 58 Textile SME respondents and 76 chemical SME respondents reported increased sales after adapting
Technology.
SME units Registered with MPCB
Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 180 100 100 100
Pollutants are a part of your production process
Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 175 97.2 97.2 97.2
No 5 2.8 2.8 100
Total 180 100 100
3%
Yes
No
97%
Category of Pollutants are a part of your
product production process
Textile 76 1 77
Chemical 99 4 103
Total 175 5 180
Textile Chemical
99
76
1 4
Yes No
Pollutants are a part of your
Type of production process
Enterprise
Yes No Total
Micro 33 4 37
Small 137 1 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 175 5 180
Yes No
137
33
4 1 5 0
Micro Small Medium

environment pollutants in production process
Response Air Water soil Noise
pollutants pollutants pollutants pollutants
Yes 92.8 93.3 19.4 49.4

No 7.2 6.7 80.6 50.6
Total 100 100 100 100
Environment Pollutants in Production Process
Yes No
92.8 93.3
80.6
49.4 50.6
19.4
7.2 6.7
Air pollutants Water soil pollutants Noise

pollutants pollutants
environment pollutants in prodution process
Type of
Enterprise Air Water soil Noise
pollutants pollutants pollutants pollutants
Micro 35 35 16 21
Small 127 128 19 65
Medium 5 5 0 3
Total 167 168 35 89
Micro Small Medium
127 128
65
35 35
16 19 21
5 5 0 3
Air pollutants Water soil pollutants Noise pollutants

pollutants
environment pollutants in prodution process
Category of
product Air Water soil Noise
produced pollutants pollutants pollutants pollutants
Textile 74 70 2 65
Total 167 168 35 89
Textile Chemical
98
93
74 70
65
33
24
Air pollutants Water soil pollutants Noise

pollutants pollutants
pollutant impact health of labours
Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 149 82.78 82.7778 82.7778
No 31 17.22 17.2222 100
Total 180 100.00 100
Yes No
17%
83%
Type of
Yes No Total
Enterprise
Micro 33 4 37
Small 112 26 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 149 31 180
Yes No
112
33
26
4 4 1
Micro Small Medium

Category of pollutant impact health of labours
product
Textile 50 27 77
Chemical 99 4 103
Total 149 31 180
Textile Chemical
99
50
27
Yes No
Names of Pollutants impacting health of labours in SME units
Names of Pollutants Frequency Per cent
cent Per cent
Halogens 25 13.89 13.89 13.89
resins / dyes 27 15.00 15.00 28.89
aldehyde 15 8.33 8.33 37.22
alcohols 6 3.33 3.33 40.56
acids 56 31.11 31.11 71.67
Sulphites 1 0.56 0.56 72.22
particulate matter/
15
dust 8.33 8.33 80.56
heavy metals 10 5.56 5.56 86.11
gases 10 5.56 5.56 91.67
miscellaneous 15 8.33 8.33 100.00
Total 180 100.00 100.00
35.00
30.00
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00 Percent
5.00
0.00
Names of Pollutants Textile Chemical Total
Halogens 15 10 25
resins / dyes 11 16 27
aldehyde 12 3 15
alcohols 0 6 6
acids 22 34 56
Sulphites 0 1 1
particulate matter/ dust 6 9 15
heavy metals 8 2 10
gases 0 10 10
miscellaneous 3 12 15
Total 77 103 180
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Textile Chemical
Names of Pollutants Micro Small Medium Total
Halogens 7 17 1 25
resins / dyes 8 18 1 27
aldehyde 1 13 1 15
alcohols 2 3 1 6
acids 8 47 1 56
Sulphites 1 0 0 1
particulate matter/
5 10 0 15
dust
heavy metals 0 10 0 10
gases 2 8 0 10
miscellaneous 3 12 0 15
Total 37 138 5 180
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
Micro Small Medium

Corrective Measures taken by SME units for
Pollutants/Effluent's Treatment
Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 160 88.9 88.9 88.9
No 20 11.1 11.1 100
Total 180 100 100
Corrective Measures Taken by SME Units for

Yes No
11%
89%
Corrective Measures taken by SME units for
Category of product
Yes No Total
produced
Textile 69 8 77
Chemical 89 14 103
Total 158 22 180

Textile Chemical
89
69
14
8
Yes No
Corrective Measures taken by SME units for Pollutants/Effluent's
Treatment
Micro 34 3 37
Small 119 19 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 158 22 180

Yes No
119
34
19
3 5 0
Micro Small Medium

impart or send your marketing staff for training
Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 137 76.1 76.1 76.1
No 43 23.9 23.9 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
24%
76%
76.1 per cent of the SMEs send their employees for training whereas 23.9 per cent do Not send or impart
training to employees this can be interpreted for fewer sales in some of the companies..
Type of
Yes No Total
Enterprise
Micro 27 10 37
Small 106 32 138
Medium 4 1 5
Total 137 43 180
Yes No
106
27 32
10
4 1
Micro Small Medium
137 respondents who were sending their employees for marketing training 27 of them were micro, 106 small
and 4 medium sized enterprise’s respondents were there.
Category of product
Yes No Total
produced
Textile 59 18 77
Chemical 78 25 103
Total 137 43 180
Textile Chemical
78
59
25
18
Yes No
59 Textile SME respondents sent their employees for training under marketing department vis a vis 78 of the
Chemical SME respondent who sent employees for training.
marketing training interval
Valid Cumulative
Per cent Per cent
Quarterly 18 10 10 10
Half Yearly 52 28.9 28.9 38.9
Annually 18 10 10 48.9
Occasionally 49 27.2 27.2 76.1
Not
43 23.9 23.9 100
Applicable
Total 180 100 100
Percent
28.9 27.2
23.9
10 10
Among all 180 SME respondents, 10 per cent of the companies impart quarterly training, 28.9 per cent impart
half yearly, 10 per cent of them send yearly, 27.2 per cent of them send occasionally and 23.9 per cent do Not
send their employees for training.
Half Not
Category of product produced Quarterly Annually Occasionally Total
Yearly Applicable
Textile 5 23 1 30 18 77
Chemical 13 29 17 19 25 103
Total 18 52 18 49 43 180
Textile Chemical
29 30
25
23
19 18
17
13
5
1

Applicable
a. Among 137 SME respondents who had sent their employees for training, 18 of them were sending on
quarterly basis of which 13 were chemical SME respondents and 5 only among Textiles.
b. 52 respondents had imparted marketing training on half yearly basis of which 23 were Textile SME
respondents and 29 Chemicals.
c. Only 1 Textile and 17 Chemical SME respondents had sent their employees for training on yearly basis.
d. Occasional training was opted by 18 respondents, of which 30 were textile respondents and 19 from
The above data reveals that majority of the SME respondent’s preferred occasional training rather than all
other intervals for training.
Not
Type of Enterprise Quarterly Half Yearly Annually Occasionally
Applicable
Micro 0 4 12 11 10 37
Small 15 47 6 38 32 138
Medium 3 1 0 0 1 5
Total 18 52 18 49 43 180
Micro Small Medium
47
38
32
15
12 11 10
4 6
3 1 1
0 0 0

Applicable
a. 15 micro and 3 medium sized enterprise’s respondents were imparting training to their employees on
quarterly basis.
b. 52 respondents were giving training on half yearly basis in which 4 were micro respondents, 47 small and 1
medium sized enterprise respondents.
c. Only 12 micro and 6 small enterprise respondents were imparting training to their employees on half yearly
basis.
d. 11 micro and 38 small enterprise respondents were imparting training occasionally to their employees.
marketing of product for SME units
Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Own Outlet 2 1.1 1.1 1.1
Agents 144 80 80 81.1
Government
Organistions 21 11.7 11.7 92.8
(EPC)
Others 13 7.2 7.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Percent
80
11.7
7.2
1.1
Own Outlet Agents Government Others

Organistions
(EPC)
Majority of the SMEs preferred their own agents for the distribution of the products followed by Governments
Export promotion councils11.7 per cent, other methods 7. 2 per cent and only 11.1 per cent had their own
outlet for marketing their products.
Category of product GO
Own Outlet Agents Others Total
produced (EPC)
Textile 2 56 7 2 77
Chemical 5 83 14 11 103
Total 7 139 21 13 180
Textile Chemical
83
56
14 11
5 7
2 2
Marketing of the products was conducted by SME respondents in the form of Own outlet, Agents,
Government organisations (EPC) and other forms.
a. 2 Textile and 5 Chemical SME respondents opted for own outlets.
b. Majority of the respondents opted for Agents distribution of which 56 were Textile SMEs and 83 were
Chemical SME respondents.
c. Government organisation or EPC (Export Promotion Councils) were preferred by 7 Textile SME
d. Only 2 Textile and 11 chemical SME respondents opted for other means of marketing than the mentioned
one.
Majority of the Respondents preferred Agents as the source than rest of the sources.
Type of GO
Own Outlet Agents Others Total
Enterprise (EPC)
Micro 0 30 0 7 37
Small 6 107 19 6 138
Medium 1 2 2 0 5
Total 7 139 21 13 180
Micro Small Medium
107
30
19
6 7 6
0 1 2 0 2 0
a. Only 6 Small and 1 Medium SME respondents were marketing their products through own outlets.
b. Majority of the respondents preferred to market product through agents only. 30 micro enterprise
respondents, 107 small and 2 medium sized enterprise respondents were marketing their products through
agents.
c.19 small and 2 medium sized enterprise respondents were marketing their products through Government
organisation / EPC.
d. Only 7 Micro and 6 small enterprise respondents marketed their product through other means.
Publicity Means for SME units
Response Industrial billboard
newspapers internet
magazine hoardings
Yes 129 11 11 131
No 51 169 169 49
Total 180 180 180 180
Yes No
169 169
129 131
51 49
11 11

magazine hoardings
a. For the publicity of the organisation 71.7 per cent SMEs preferred industrial magazine as a source of
publicity 28.3 per cent of it did Not.
b. From all the 180 respondents only 6.1 per cent used newspapers and billboard hoardings as a source of
publicity and 93.9 per cent did Not.
c. Out of total 180 respondents 72.8 per cent of the SMEs prefer internet as publicity cum advertising
mode which shows a significantly good number of usage than 27.2 per cent who did Not opt for it.
d. 72.8 per cent of the SMEs preferred other than mentioned sources as a publicity channel or they did
Not need it.
Count Industrial Magazine Newspaper Billboards/ hoardings Internet other Total
Micro 35 2 1 18 27 37
Small 92 9 9 108 99 138
Medium 2 0 1 5 5 5
Total 129 11 11 131 131 180
Micro Small Medium
108
92
35
18
9 9 5
2 2 0 1 1
Industrial Newspaper Billboards/ Internet

Magazine hoardings
a. For the publicity measures from total 180 SMEs 37 Micro SME’s majority of the entrepreneurs were using
industrial magazines, only 2 of them were using newspaper, and 1 for billboards. 18 of them were using
internet mode and 27 were using other measures for publicity.
b. Out of 138 SMEs 92 of the entrepreneurs were using industrial magazines, only 9 were using both
Newspapers and billboards. 108 of them opted for internet and 99 of them used other sources of publicity.
c. Out of 5 Medium enterprises all of 5 used internet and other sources whereas 1 used billboards and 2 were
using magazine. None of them were using newspaper for their publicity.
Overall 131 of the respondents used internet and other sources. Only 11 of them were using newspaper and
billboards.
It can be concluded that majority of the respondents were using internet and industrial magazines.
Category of Publicity Means for SME units
product Industrial billboard
produced newspapers internet
magazine hoardings
Textile 62 3 4 56
Chemical 67 8 7 75
Total 129 11 11 131
Textile Chemical
75
67
62
56
8 7
3 4

magazine hoardings
a. Industrial Magazine was opted as a means of publicity by 62 Textile SME respondents and 67
Chemical SME respondents. This depicts out of 129 SME respondents both Textile and chemical SME
respondents approximately equally using Industrial magazine as a means of publicity.
b. Newspaper was opt as a means of publicity by only 11 respondents of which 3 were Textile SME
respondents and 8 were Chemical SME respondents. This depicts out of 180 SME respondents neither
Textile nor Chemical SME respondents were the major users.
c. Hoardings and billboards were opt as a means of publicity by only 11 respondents of which 4 were
Textile SME respondents and 7 Chemical SME respondents. This depicts out of 180 SME respondents
neither Textile nor chemical SME respondents were the major users.
d. 131 out of 180 respondents were using Internet as a means of publicity of which 56 were Textile SME
Response Technology up- Infrastructural up- Machinery and advance new
gradation gradation equipment products
Yes 130 109 126 99
No 50 71 54 81
Total 180 180 180 180
a. 72.2 per cent of the SMEs were using Technology up-gradation as a promotion and development
measure for the companies and 27.8 per cent were Not using
b. From total 180 respondents Infrastructural up-gradation was opted by 60.6 per cent of the respondents
and 39.4 per cent did Not opt for this option.
c. Purchase of new machineries and advance equipment opt by 70 per cent of the SME respondents but
30 per cent of them were Not.
d. Among 180 respondents, 55 per cent of the SMEs were launching their new products. But 45 per cent
were Not taking such measures as a tool for promotion and development.
Promotional measure
Type of Up-gradation to Infrastructural Machinery and New
Total
Enterprise advance Technology up-gradation advance equipments product
Micro 28 26 27 24 37
Small 98 78 95 70 138
Medium 4 5 4 5 5
Total 130 109 126 99 180
a. Out of total 180 SMEs 37 micro SME’s 28 entrepreneurs were promoting company by up gradation of
Technology , 26 entrepreneurs were doing infrastructural up gradation, 27 were buying advance machinery
and equipments and 24 entrepreneurs were promoting through New product development.
b. 138 Small SME’s 98 entrepreneurs did Technology up-gradation, 78 were doing infrastructural up-
gradation, 95 were buying machineries and advance equipments and 70 of them were launching new products
for promotion and development of their SMEs.
c. From 5 Medium enterprises all 5 entrepreneurs were upgrading Technology as well were buying machinery
and advance equipments and 4 of them were conducting infrastructural up-gradation and launching new
products for their enterprise’s development.
Overall 130 respondents used up-gradation of Technology as a promotional tools followed by 126
were buying machinery and advance Technology . 109 of the entrepreneurs were doing infrastructural up-
gradation and only 99 of them were launching new product. It can be concluded that majority of the
entrepreneurs were preferring up-gradation of Technology and very few opted for launching new products.
Category Tools of promotion and development
of
product Technology up- Infrastructural up- Machinery and advance new
produced gradation gradation equipments products
Textile 49 38 48 25
Total 130 109 126 99
a. Technological up-gradation was considered as measure for promotion and development by 130 SME
respondents. 49 Textile and rest 81 Chemical SME respondents opted for this option of measures for
promotion and development.
b. 109 respondents held infrastructural up-gradation as a measure for promotion and development. 38
Textile SME respondents and 71 Chemical SME respondents had opt for this measure.
c. 48 Textile and 78 Chemical SME respondents had opted for Machinery and advance equipment as a
measure of promotion and development. In all 126 out of 180 respondents opted for the measure of
machinery and equipment.
d. New product development was opting by 99 SME respondents out of which 25 were Textile SME
respondents and rest 74 were Chemical SME respondents.
Part V Problems and challenges faced by SMEs and employees
This section is divided into two parts.
(A) Part A talks about problems and challenges faced by SMEs.
Problems faced by units:
1. Which of the following problems your company faces? Rank below mentioned problems on five
scale basis.
5= extremely important, 4= Very important, 3= somewhat important, 2= Less important, 1= Not
important
Problems 5 4 3 2 1
a. Decline in Production
b. Downward Trends in Credit Received
c. Financial Losses
d. Treatment of Effluents
e. High Labour Turn Over
f. Lack of Skilled Labours
g. Reduced Demand and Export
h. Disputes with Trade Unions Or Suppliers
i. Political And Social Disturbances
j. Lack of Advance Technology and cost
2. Have you taken any corrective measures for above mentioned problems?
a. Yes b. No
Problems faced by labours:
1. Do you face any of the below mentioned problems while working?

Rank below mentioned problems on five scale basis:
important
Problems Of Labours Working In Unit 5 4 3 2 1
a Pain in hands and legs
b Accidents
c Cough
d Respiratory problems
e Lung diseases
f Skin disease/ allergic reactions
g Cost Cutting
h Hearing loss/ reduced hearing ability
Discrimination
State if any other problem:
________________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________
2. What are the causes for above problems faced by you?
Rank below mentioned causes on five scale basis:
important
Causes 5 4 3 2 1
a. Sweatshops
b. Cotton Dust / Polluted Air
c. Noise Pollution
d. Uncomfortable Work Stations
e. Effluents Heat/ Boilers
f. Hazardous Chemical Particles in
Process
(B) The part B focuses on problems faced by labours and employees. All three levels of employees
are taken into consideration for redressing the problems.
6. To study the problems of Small and Medium Enterprises of Textile and Chemical Industry of Tarapur
MIDC.
Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely
Problems faced by units
Important Important Important Important Important
Decline in Production 4.4 8.3 7.2 51.1 28.9
Downward Trends in Credit Received 4.4 6.7 10 53.3 25.6
Financial Losses 7.2 19.4 20.6 45.6 7.2
Treatment of Effluents 0 12.8 24.4 42.2 20.6
High Labour Turn Over 0.6 6.1 60 27.2 6.1
Lack of Skilled Labours 0 21.1 42.8 28.3 7.8
Reduced Demand and Export 17.2 20 23.3 27.2 12.2
Disputes with Trade Unions or Suppliers 16.7 15.6 25 29.4 13.3
Political And Social Disturbances 32.8 23.9 27.2 8.3 7.8
Lack of Advance Technology and cost 3.9 36.7 47.2 8.3 3.9
Problems faced by units
Lack of Advance Technology and cost
Political And Social Disturbances
Disputes with Trade Unions or Suppliers
Reduced Demand and Export Extremely Important

Lack of Skilled Labours Very Important
Somewhat Important
High Labour Turn Over
Less Important
Treatment of Effluents
Not Important
Financial Losses
Downward Trends in Credit Received
Decline in Production
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
a. 51.1 per cent of the SMEs found Decline in Production as a very important problem, 25.6 per cent
found it extremely important and 7.2 per cent of the SMEs reported as somewhat important whereas
8.3 per cent and 4.4 per cent of the SMEs found it somewhat and less important respectively.
b. 53.3 per cent of the SMEs recorded Downwards trend in credit received as a very important problem,
25.6 per cent of them found it extremely important and 10 per cent as somewhat important, whereas
6.7 per cent found it somewhat important and 4.4 per cent less important.
c. Financial losses were reported as very important by 45.6 per cent of the SMEs, 20.6 per cent stated as
somewhat important and 7.2 per cent extremely important, whereas 19.4 per cent reported as
somewhat important and 12.8 per cent as less important.
d. Treatment of effluent is a major concern for all the SMEs despite of the size of unit. 42.2 per cent of
them reported very important and 20.6 as extremely important. 24.4 per cent stated as somewhat
important and 12.8 per cent as less important.
e. 60 per cent of the SMEs reported high labour turNover as a somewhat important, 27.2 per cent as very
important and 6.1 per cent as extremely important. Around 7 per cent recorded as less important and
Not important.
f. Lack of skilled labours was reported as very important by 28.3 per cent of the SMEs, 7.8 per cent as
extremely important and 42.8 per cent as somewhat important. 21.1 per cent as less important.
g. Reduced demand and export was reported as very important by 27.2 per cent of the SMEs, extremely
important as 12.2 per cent and 23.3 per cent as somewhat important. 20 per cent of them recorded as
less important and 17.2 per cent as Not important.
h. 29.4 per cent of the SMEs reported Disputes with trade union or supplier as very important, 13.3 per
cent as extremely important and 25 per cent somewhat important. 15.6 and 16.7 per cent reported as
less important and Not important.
i. Political and social disturbances was reported 27.2 per cent as somewhat important, 8.3 very important
and 7.8 as extremely important. 23.9 per cent stated as less important and 32.8 as Not important.
j. Lack of advance Technology and overhead cost been reported as 47.2 per cent somewhat important,
8.3 per cent very important and 3.9 extremely important. 36.7 per cent reported as less important and
3.9 per cent as Not important.
It can be concluded that Decline in Production as a severe problem followed by, Downwards trend in
credit received, Treatment of effluent and disputes with trade union or supplier. Financial losses, lack of
skilled labours, reduced demand and export, Political and social disturbance, lack of advance Technology and
overhead cost, high labour turNover, lack of skilled labour were reported as comparatively somewhat
important.
Category of Decline in Production
product Total
produced
Textile 0 2 6 40 29 77
Chemical 8 13 7 52 23 103
Total 8 15 13 92 52 180
Textile Chemical
52
40
29
23
13
8 6 7
0 2

While analysing SME problems, Decline in production was found to be important problem than the other
problems.
a. Only 8 Chemical SME stated it as not important problems.
b. 2 respondents from Textile and 13 from Chemical SME reported it as less important problem.
c. 6 Textile SME respondents 7 Chemical SME respondents were stating it as somewhat important problem.
d. 40 Textile SME respondents and 52 Chemical respondents reported it as very important problem.
Among 52 respondents who reported this as extremely important problem, 29 were Textile SME respondents
and 23 chemical.
Type of Enterprise Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Micro 8 13 5 7 4 37
Small 0 2 8 80 48 138
Medium 0 0 0 5 0 5
Total 8 15 13 92 52 180
Micro Small Medium

80
48
13
8 5 8 7 5
2 0 4
0 0 0 0

a. Only 8 micro enterprise respondents found decline in production as not important problem.
b. 13 micro and 3 small respondents found it less important.
c. 5 micro and 8 small enterprise respondents reported it as somewhat important problem.
d. Majority of the respondent reported this problem as very important of which 7 were micro enterprise
respondents, 80 small and 5 medium sized enterprise respondents.
e. Decline in production was extremely important to 4 micro and 48 small enterprise respondents.
Category of product
Total
produced Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely
Textile 0 0 4 45 28 77
Chemical 8 12 14 51 18 103
Total 8 12 18 96 46 180
Textile Chemical
51
45
28
18
12 14
8
4
0 0

a. Only 8 Chemical SME stated it as not important problems than all other.
b. Only 12 Chemical SME respondents reported less important problems than all other respondents.
c. 4 respondents from Textile and 14 from Chemical SME reported it as somewhat important problem.
d. 45 Textile SME respondents and 51Chemical SME respondents were stating it as very important
problem.
e. Among 46 respondents who reported this as extremely important problem, of them 28 were Textile
SMEs and 18 were Chemical SME respondents.
Downwards trend in credit received was found to be important problem than the other problems.
Type of Enterprise Total
Micro 8 12 7 8 2 37
Small 0 0 11 84 43 138
Medium 0 0 0 4 1 5
Total 8 12 18 96 46 180
Micro Small Medium
84
43
12
8 7 11 8 4
0 0 0 0 0 2 1

a. Only 8 micro enterprise respondents found downward trend in credit as not important problem.
b. 13 micro enterprise respondents found this problem as less important.
c. 7 micro and 11 small enterprise respondents stated this problem as somewhat important.
d. Majority of the respondents reported this problem as very important. 96 of them resported as very important
of which 8 were micro respondents, 84 small and 1 medium sized enterprise respondent.
e. 2 micro, 43 small and 1 medium sized respondents reported the problem as extremely important.
Financial Losses
Category of product
produced Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Textile 0 12 29 27 9 77
Chemical 23 43 19 14 4 103
Total 23 55 48 41 13 180
Financial Losses
Textile Chemical
43
29 27
23
19
12 14
9
4
0

a. Only 13 Chemical SME stated Financial Losses as not important.

b. 12 Textile and 23 Chemical SME respondents stated it as less important problems than all other.
c. 29 respondents from Textile and 8 from Chemical SME reported it as somewhat important problem.
d. 27 Textile SME respondents and 55Chemical SME respondents were stating it as very important
problem.
e. Among 13 respondents who reported this as extremely important problem, of them 9 were Textile
SMEs and 4 were Chemical SME respondents.
Financial Losses were found to be moderately important problem than the other problems.
Financial Losses
Micro 13 19 3 0 2 37
Small 10 35 45 38 10 138
Medium 0 1 0 3 1 5
Total 23 55 48 41 13 180
Financial Losses
Micro Small Medium

45
38
35
19
13
10 10
1 3 3 2 1
0 0 0

a. 13 micro enterprise respondents and 10 small reported financial losses as not important problem.
b. 19 micro respondents, 35 small and 1 medium enterprise’s respondents reported this problem as less
important.
c. 48 respondents who found this problem as somewhat important, 3 were micro enterprise respondents and
45 small.
d. Only 38 small and 3 medium enterprise respondents faced financial losses as very important problem.
e. very few respondents reported this problem as extremely important of which 2 were micro enterprise
respondents, 19 small and 1 medium sized enterprise respondent.
Category of product
produced Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Important Important Important Important
Textile 1 20 34 22 77
Chemical 22 24 42 15 103
Total 23 44 76 37 180
Textile Chemical
42
34
22 24 22
20
15
Less Important Somewhat Very Important Extremely

Important Important
a. Out of 23 SME respondents who faced Treatment of effluents s a major problem of which only
1Textile SME respondent stated it as less important and 22 chemical SME respondents.
b. 44 of the respondents reported this as somewhat important problem out of which 20 were Textile
SME respondents and 24 were Chemical SME respondents.
c. 76 of the SME respondents reported this problem as very important of which 34 SME respondents
and 42 chemicals.
d. This problem was extremely important to 37 SME respondents from which 22 were Textile SME
Treatment of Effluents is a major concern shown by majority of the SME respondents. This problem is
equally faced by both Chemical and Textile SME respondents.
Type of Enterprise Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Micro 1 5 26 5 37
Small 21 38 48 31 138
Medium 1 1 2 1 5
Total 23 44 76 37 180
Micro Small Medium
48
38
31
26
21
5 5
1 1 1 2 1

Important Important
Treatment of effluents was a major concern for all of the respondents.

a. 1 micro enterprise respondent, 32 small and 1 medium enterprise respondents were facing this problem as
less important than rest all.
b. 5 micro enterprise respondent, 38 small and 1 medium enterprise respondent stated this problem as
somewhat important problem.
c. majority of the respondents reported this as very important problem of which 26 were micro enterprise
respondents, 48 small and 2 medium enterprise respondents.
d. 37 respondents who reported the above problem as extremely important, 5 of them were micro enterprise
Category of product
Textile 0 0 53 17 7 77
Chemical 1 11 55 32 4 103
Total 1 11 108 49 11 180
Textile Chemical
53 55
32
17
11
7
4
0 1 0

a. Only 1 Chemical SME respondent stated not important

b. 11 Chemical SME respondents stated less important than rest all.
c. Majority of the respondents reported the problem as somewhat important of which 53 were Textile SME
d. 17 Textile and 32 Chemical SME respondents reported this problem as very important.
e. Only 11 of the total 180 respondents stated this problem as extremely important of which 7 were Textile
SME respondents and 4 were Chemical.
High Labour turnover seems to be not so important problems to SME respondents.
Micro 0 8 22 7 0 37
Small 1 3 82 41 11 138
Medium 0 0 4 1 0 5
Total 1 11 108 49 11 180
Micro Small Medium
82
41
22
8 7 11
0 1 0 3 0 4 1 0 0

a. Only 1 small enterprise respondent found this problem as not important.

b. 8 micro and 3 small enterprise respondents found this problem as less important problem.
c. Majority of the respondents reported this as somewhat important problem of which 22 were micro
enterprise respondents, 82 small and 4 medium enterprise respondents.
d. 7 micro enterprise respondents, 41 small and 1 medium enterprise respondents stated this problem as very
important one.
e. Only 11 small enterprise respondents found above problem as extremely important problem.
Lack of Skilled Labours
Category of product
Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
produced
Textile 31 25 15 6 77
Chemical 7 52 36 8 103
Total 38 77 51 14 180
Textile Chemical
52
36
31
25
15
7 6 8

Important Important
`a. 38 SME respondents faced problem of lack of skilled labour of which 31 were Textile SME respondents
and 7 Chemical.
b. 77 of the respondents reported problem as somewhat important among those 25 were Textile respondents
and 52 were chemical.
c. Only 51 out of 180 SME respondents 15 Textile respondents reported it as very important and 36 chemical
respondents.
d. Very few of the respondents reported this problem as extremely important of which 6 were Textile SME
respondents and 8 Chemical respondents.
It can be depicted as this problem found to be less important for the respondents.
Type of Enterprise Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Micro 7 24 6 0 37
Small 29 50 45 14 138
Medium 2 3 0 0 5
Total 38 77 51 14 180
Micro Small Medium
50
45
29
24
14
7 6
2 3
0 0 0

Important Important
a. Out of 38 respondents with lack of skilled labours problem as less important, 7 were micro enterprise
b. Majority of the respondents found this problem as somewhat important. Among them 24 were micro
enterprise respondents, 50 small and 3 medium enterprise respondents who faced above problem as somewhat
important.
c. Among 51 respondents who stated lack of skilled labour as very important problem were 6 micro enterprise
respondents and 45 small.
d. Only 14 Small enterprise respondents reported this problem as extremely important problem.
Reduced Demand and Export
Category of product
Textile 7 15 34 15 6 77
Chemical 24 21 8 34 16 103
Total 31 36 42 49 22 180
Textile Chemical
34 34
24
21
15 15 16
7 8
6

a. Only 7 Textile respondents and 24 chemical respondents stated reduced demand and export as not
important problem.
b. 15 Textile and 21 chemical SME respondents reported this problem as less important. C. Above problem is
found somewhat important to 34 Textile SME respondents and 8 chemical respondents.
d. 15 textile and 34 chemical SME respondents found this problem as very important.
e. The above problem found to be extremely important to 6 textile and 16 chemical SME respondents.
Many of the respondents faced reduced demand and export as one of the important problem.
Micro 12 14 9 2 0 37
Small 19 22 31 46 20 138
Medium 0 0 2 1 2 5
Total 31 36 42 49 22 180
Micro Small Medium
46
31
22 20
19
12 14
9
0 0 2 2 1 0 2

a. 12 micro enterprise respondents and 19 small stated reduced demand and export as not important problem.
b. Reduced demand and export were reported less important by 14 micro and 22 small Enterprise respondents.
c. 9 micro enterprise respondents, 31 small and 2 medium enterprise respondents stated above problem as
somewhat important.
d. Many of the respondents reported mentioned problem as very important of which 2 were micro enterprise
e. Among 22 respondents who reported reduced demand and export as extremely important problem, 20 were
micro and 2 small enterprise respondents.
Disputes with Trade Unions Or Suppliers
Category of product
produced Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely
Total
Textile 0 14 28 25 10 77
Chemical 30 14 17 28 14 103
Total 30 28 45 53 24 180
Textile Chemical
30
28 28
25
17
14 14 14
10

a. Only 30 chemical SME respondents stated disputes with trade union or suppliers as not important problem.
b. Both 14 Textile and chemical SME respondents faced this problem as less important.
c. 28 Textile SME respondents and 17 chemical SME respondents reported Disputes with trade union or
supplier as somewhat important issue.
d. 25 textile and 28 chemical SME respondents found this problem as very important.
e. Out of 24 respondents who found this problem as extremely important of which 10 were textile SMEs and
14 were chemical.
It can be concluded that disputes with trade union or supplier to be very important problem.
Type of Enterprise
Total
Micro 30 1 3 2 1 37
Small 0 26 41 49 22 138
Medium 0 1 1 2 1 5
Total 30 28 45 53 24 180
Micro Small Medium
49
41
30
26
22
1 1 3 1 2 2 1 1
0 0

a. 30 micro enterprise respondents stated disputes with trade union as not important problem.
b. 1 micro enterprise respondent, 26 small and 1 medium sized enterprise respondents reported it as less
important problem.
c. Disputes with trade union and supplier were recorded somewhat important by 3 micro enterprise
respondents, 41 small and 1 medium enterprise’s respondents.
d. Majority of the respondents reported it as very important of which 2 were micro enterprise respondents, 49
small and 2 medium.
e. 1 micro enterprise respondent, 22 small and 1 medium enterprise respondents recorded above problem as
extremely important problem.
Category of product
Textile 22 27 20 4 4 77
Chemical 37 16 29 11 10 103
Total 59 43 49 15 14 180
Textile Chemical
37
29
27
22
20
16
11 10
4 4

a. 59 respondents stated Political and Social Disturbances as not important problems of which 22 were Textile
respondents and 37 were chemicals.
b. 43 of the respondents who found this as less important of which 27 were textile and 16 were chemical SME
respondents.
c. 20 Textile and 29 chemical SME respondents found this problem as somewhat important problem.
d. Only 4 textile and 11 chemical SME respondents stated this problem as very important.
e. Out of 180 respondents only 14 SME respondents reported Political and Social Disturbances as extremely
important problem of which 4 were Textile and 10 were chemical SME respondents.
Type of Enterprise Total
Micro 26 10 1 0 0 37
Small 33 30 46 15 14 138
Medium 0 3 2 0 0 5
Total 59 43 49 15 14 180
Micro Small Medium
46
33
30
26
15 14
10
3 1 2
0 0 0 0 0

a. 26 micro and 23 small enterprise respondents reported Political and social disturbances as not important.
b. 10 micro enterprise respondents, 30 small and 3 medium enterprise respondents reported above problem as
less important.
c. Above problem was somewhat important to 1 micro, 46 small and 2 medium enterprise respondents.
d. Only 15 small enterprise respondents faced the mentioned problem as important.
e. 14 small enterprise respondents reported political and social disturbance as extremely important problem.
Category of product
Textile 5 3 17 5 47 77
Chemical 2 4 68 10 19 103
Total 7 7 85 15 66 180
Textile Chemical
68
47
17 19
10
5 2 3 4 5

a. Lack of advance Technology and cost reported as not important by 5 textile and 2 chemical SME
respondents.
b. 3 textile and 4 chemical SME respondents stated this problem as less important.
C . Majority of the respondents reported problem as somewhat important of which 17 were Textile and
68 were chemical SME respondents.
d. Only 5 textile and 10 chemical SME respondents reported this problem as very important.
e. Very few respondents stated above problem as extremely important of which 47 were Textile and 19 were
This depicts Lack of Advance Technology and cost to be reported as important to the
Type of
Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Enterprise
Micro 1 0 22 3 11 37
Small 5 7 60 12 54 138
Medium 1 0 3 0 1 5
Total 7 7 85 15 66 180
Micro Small Medium

60
54
22
12 11
5 7
1 1 3 3 1
0 0 0

a. Only 1 micro enterprise respondent, 5 small and 1 medium enterprise respondents stated Lack of advance
Technology and cost as not important problem.
b. Only 7 small enterprise respondents found mentioned problem as less important.
c. 22 micro enterprise respondents, 60 small and 3 medium enterprise respondents reported above problem as
somewhat important.
d. 3 micro and 12 small enterprise respondents found above problem as very important.
e. Many of the respondents found stated problem extremely important to 11 micro enterprise respondents, 54
small and 1 medium enterprise respondents.
Corrective measures for the problem faced by SME units
cent Per cent
Yes 143 79.4 79.4 79.4
No 37 20.6 20.6 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
21%
79%
‘For the problems faced by the

respondents, 79.4 per cent of the SMEs did take corrective measures for the problems faced but 20.6 per cent
of the respondents failed to do so.
Micro 34 3 37
Small 104 34 138
Medium 5 0 5
Total 143 37 180
Yes No
104
34 34
3 5 0
Micro Small Medium

Category of product produced Yes No Total
Textile 55 22 77
Chemical 88 15 103
Total 143 37 180
Textile Chemical
88
55
22
15
Yes No
Problems of Labours under SME units
Scale Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely Total
Pain in hands and legs 19.90% 32.80% 17.90% 18.10% 11.30% 100%
Accidents 16.80% 36.90% 27.30% 7.60% 11.40% 100%
Cough 12.80% 42.60% 25.70% 17.30% 1.70% 100%
Respiratory problems 10.80% 29.60% 45.80% 12.40% 1.40% 100%
Lung diseases 58.40% 18.80% 15.20% 7.60% 0% 100%
Skin diseases allergies 20.20% 30.20% 34.60% 9.20% 5.80% 100%
Cost cutting 25.70% 15% 27.40% 18% 13.90% 100%
Hearing loss/ reduced 29.40% 26.30% 29% 14.70% 0.60% 100%
hearing
Discrimination 100% 0% 0% 0% 0% 100%
Discrimination
Hearing loss/ reduced hearing
Cost cutting
Skin diseases allergies
Lung diseases
Respiratory problems
Cough
Accidents
Pain in hands and legs
0.00% 20.00% 40.00% 60.00% 80.00% 100.00% 120.00%
Extremely Important Very Important Somewhat Important Less Important Not Important
a. Out of total 900 respondents 32 per cent of them said Pain in hands and legs is less important as compared
to 11.3 per cent respondents who said the problem is extremely important.
b. Accidents in all SMEs are 36.9 per cent less important to respondents whereas 11.4 per cent respondent
said it is extremely important.
c. Cough is reported as less important problem by 42 per cent respondents, whereas 17.3 respondents stated it
as very important.
d. 45 per cent of the respondents stated respiratory problem as somewhat important as 12.4 per cent of the
respondent who said this problem is very important.
e. Lung Disease has been reported as not important problem by 58.4 per cent of the respondents as compared
to 7.6 per cent who reported it as very important.
f. Skin allergies have been reported 34.6 per cent somewhat important by employees than 5.8 per cent
employees stated it as extremely important.
g. 27.4 per cent employees stated cost cutting as somewhat important, whereas 13.9 per cent of reported it as
extremely important.
h. Hearing loss was majorly reported as not important problems for labour working under any unit.
i. While doing research not a single respondent reported any type of discrimination with respect to cast is not
there in any of the SMEs.
Problems of Labours Category of Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely
under SME units product Important Important Important Important Important
produced
Pain in hands and textile 15.06 5.97 16.88 29.87 32.21
legs
Chemical 23.30 20.39 18.64 15.34 22.33
Accidents textile 15.58 37.40 16.88 11.17 18.96
Chemical 17.67 28.74 29.32 12.62 11.65
Cough textile 8.05 14.81 19.74 31.17 26.23
Chemical 13.59 21.55 16.12 21.94 26.80
Respiratory problems textile 11.69 26.75 18.18 24.68 18.70
Chemical 10.10 20.58 21.17 26.21 21.94
Lung diseases textile 63.38 10.91 17.66 8.05 0.00
Chemical 54.76 24.66 13.40 7.18 0.00
Skin diseases allergies textile 12.21 21.30 14.55 30.13 21.82
Chemical 12.82 22.52 20.00 25.24 19.42
Cost cutting textile 10.65 8.57 20.00 29.61 31.17
Chemical 20.78 19.81 16.12 25.44 17.86
Hearing loss/ reduced textile 16.88 22.08 25.97 23.38 11.69
hearing
Chemical 25.24 22.52 16.12 22.91 13.20
Discrimination textile 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Chemical 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
reduced Discriminatio
Chemical
n
textile
Hearing loss/
Chemical
hearing
textile
Cost cutting
Chemical
textile
Skin diseases
Chemical
problems Lung diseases allergies
textile
Chemical
textile
Respiratory
Chemical
textile
Chemical
Cough
textile
Accidents
Chemical
textile
Pain in hands
Chemical
and legs
textile
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Extremely Important Very Important Somewhat Important

Less Important Not Important
Problems of Labours Type of Not Less Somewhat Very Extremely
under SME units Enterprise Important Important Important Important Important
Pain in hands and legs Micro 29.73 16.76 15.14 12.43 25.95
Small 16.96 13.62 18.99 22.90 27.54
Medium 28.00 12.00 8.00 52.00 0.00
Accidents Micro 33.51 25.41 25.95 5.95 9.19
Small 12.32 38.70 28.26 8.26 12.46
Medium 16.00 72.00 12.00 0.00 0.00
Cough Micro 13.51 14.05 17.30 27.57 27.57
Small 10.58 19.57 17.39 26.23 26.23
Medium 12.00 28.00 28.00 4.00 28.00
Respiratory problems Micro 11.35 21.08 16.22 34.59 16.76
Small 10.14 23.04 21.16 23.77 21.88
Medium 24.00 44.00 12.00 8.00 12.00
Lung diseases Micro 36.76 37.30 17.30 8.65 0.00
Small 64.20 13.04 15.22 7.54 0.00
Medium 60.00 40.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Skin diseases allergies Micro 18.92 18.92 15.68 31.89 18.38
Small 18.99 22.61 17.54 23.33 17.54
Medium 64.00 28.00 0.00 4.00 4.00
Cost cutting Micro 12.43 26.49 21.08 20.54 19.46
Small 17.25 11.45 16.52 29.28 25.51
Medium 24.00 28.00 28.00 20.00 0.00
Hearing loss/ reduced Micro 17.30 25.95 12.43 25.95 18.38
hearing Small 19.86 14.49 32.46 25.80 7.39
Medium 24.00 52.00 16.00 8.00 0.00
Discrimination Micro 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Small 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Medium 100.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
reduced Discrimina
Medium
tion
Small
Micro
Medium
Hearing
hearing
loss/
Small
Micro
Medium
cutting
Cost
Small
Micro
Medium
allergies
diseases
Skin
Small
Micro Extremely Important
Medium
problems diseases
Very Important
Respiratory Lung
Small
Somewhat Important
Micro
Less Important
Medium
Not Important
Small
Micro
Medium
Cough
Small
Micro
Accidents
Medium
Small
Micro
hands and
Medium
Pain in
legs
Small
Micro
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Part VI- Job security and safety of Labours and welfare cum CSR facilities by
SMEs-
labour-turnover in SME unit

Valid
Cumulative
Per cent
cent
Yes 95 52.8 52.8 52.8
No 85 47.2 47.2 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
47%
53%
From total 180 SME respondents, Labour turnover was reported by 52.8 per cent of the SMEs and remaining
47.2 per cent of the respondent said there is No such labour turnover.
Category labour-turnover in SME unit
of
product Yes No Total
produced
Textile 41 36 77
Chemical 50 53 103
Total 91 89 180
Textile Chemical
53
50
41
36
Yes No
91 SME respondents stated about labour turnover in their enterprise of which 41 were Textile SME
respondents and 50 were chemical SME respondents.
Type of labour-turnover in SME unit
Micro 21 16 37
Small 71 67 138
Medium 3 2 5
Total 91 89 180
Yes No
71
67
21
16
3 2
Micro Small Medium
21 Micro, 71 Small and 3 Medium enterprises have been found with labour turnover out of total 91 SMEs.
Type of Labour Turn over
Valid Cumulative
Per cent Per cent
Skilled
91
Labour 68.94 68.94 68.94
Un-
100
skilled 41 31.06 31.06
Total 132 100.00 100.00
Skilled Labour Un-skilled
31%
69%
While checking labour turnover 68.94per cent were skilled labours and 31.06 per cent were unskilled labour
were reported by SMEs.
Category Type of Labour Turn over
of
product Skilled Labour Un-skilled
produced Total
Textile 41 16 57
Chemical 50 25 75
Total 91 41 132
Textile Chemical
50
41
25
16
a. Among 91 respondents who faced labour turnover as a problem of which 41 were skilled labours and 50
were unskilled labours. Chemical SME respondents were facing labour turnover of 50 skilled labours and 25
unskilled labours.
b. Textile SME units were comprised labour turn over of 41 skilled and 16 unskilled labours.
It can be concluded that chemical SME respondents were having less labour turnover of unskilled labours and
higher of skilled labours. In contradiction to chemical SME respondents, Textile SME respondents were
having higher labour turnover among unskilled and less among skilled.
Type of Type of Labour Turn over
Enterprise Skilled Un-
Labour skilled Total
Micro 17 9 26
Small 71 31 102
Medium 3 1 4
Total 91 41 132
71
31
17
9
3 1
Micro Small Medium
a. Among labour turnover of all 132 labours in SME units, 17 Micro units were suffered
throughskilled and 9 units in unskilled labourer’s turnover.
b. 102 Small SME units were been through 71units with skilled and 31 units with unskilled labourer’s
turnover.
c. Medium SME units were majorly had skilled labourers turnover than unskilled.
The above chart states Majority of the Small SME units were faced skilled labourers turnover
followed by Medium and then Micro units.
Reason for labour turnover : Low Pay
Per Valid Per Cumulative
Scale Frequency
cent cent Per cent
Not Important 18 10 10 10
Less Important 31 17.2 17.2 27.2
Some What Important 56 31.1 31.1 58.3
Very Important 31 17.2 17.2 75.6
Extremely Important 44 24.4 24.4 100
Total 180 100 100
Not Important Less Important Some What Important

Very Important Extremely Important
10%
25%
17%
17%
31%
Low pay was reported Not important by 11.1 per cent of the SME respondents whereas 17.2 stated 17.2 less
important, 31.1 per cent somewhat important, 17.2 per cent very important and 24.4 per cent as extremely
important reason behind labour turnover.
Category Reason for labour turnover : Low Pay
of Some Total
product Not Less
What
Very Extremely
produced Important Important Important Important Important
Textile 9 15 18 18 17 77
Chemical 9 16 38 13 27 103
Total 18 31 56 31 44 180
Textile Chemical
38
27
18 18 17
15 16
13
9 9
Not Less Some What Very Extremely

One of the reasons behind labour turnover was low pay. Degree of this reason differs from textile to chemical
SME respondents as follows:
a. Out of 18 both textile and chemical SME respondents stated the reason for the mentioned problem as not
important.
b. 31 respondents faced labour turnover less important of which 15 were Textile and 16 were chemical SME
respondents.
c. Majority of the respondents stated low pay as somewhat important. Out of 56 respondents 18 were Textile
and 38 were Chemical SME respondents.
d. Low pay reason for labour turnover was reported by 31 respondents of which 18 were Textile and 13 were
e. 44 respondents stated Low pay as extremely important reason of which 17 were Textile and 27 were
Hence it can be concluded that majority of the respondent’s stated low pay as a major reason for labour
turnover.
Type of Some Total
Enterprise Not Less
What
Very Extremely
Important
Micro 10 13 7 5 2 37
Small 8 18 48 23 41 138
Medium 0 0 1 3 1 5
Total 18 31 56 31 44 180
Micro Small Medium
48
23
18
13
10 8
7 5
1 3
0 0
Not Important Less Important Some What Very Important

Important
Across the types of enterprises low pay as a reason for labour turnover were reported as follows:
a. 10 micro enterprise respondents and only 8 Small enterprises respondents stated it as not important.
b. Out of 31 respondents who reported this as less important, 13 were Micro enterprise respondents and 18
small enterprise respondents.
c. Majority of the respondents reported it as somewhat important out of which only 7 were Micro Enterprise
respondents, 48 Small and only 1 Medium enterprise respondents.
d. 5 Micro enterprise respondents, 23 small and 3 Medium enterprise respondents reported this reason as very
important.
e. Above reason for the mentioned problem was found to be extremely important for 2 Micro enterprise
respondents, 41 Small and only 1 Medium enterprise respondents.
It can be concluded that more than 70 per cent of the Small enterprise respondents faced low pay as
one of the important reason for labour turnover problem.
Reason for labour turnover : Poor transportation facility
cent Per cent
Not Important 20 11.11 11.11 11.11
Less Important 20 11.11 11.11 22.22
Very Important 33 18.33 18.33 65.00
Extremely Important 63 35.00 35.00 100.00
Total 180 100.00 100.00
11%
Not Important
35% 11%
Less Important
Some What Important
Very Important
25% Extremely Important
18%
Poor transportation facilities were reported Not important and less important by 11.1 per cent of the SME
respondents whereas 2.2 per cent somewhat important, 18.3 per cent very important and 57.2 per cent as
extremely important reason behind labour turnover.
Category Reason for labour turnover : Poor transportation facility
of Some
product Not Less Very Extremely Total
What
Textile 8 5 21 19 24 77
Chemical 12 15 23 14 39 103
Total 20 20 44 33 63 180
Textile Chemical
39
23 24
21
19
15 14
12
8
5

Poor transportation facility had been reported as a reason for labour turnover by SME respondents.
a. Out of 20 respondents who reported it as not important were 8 Textile and 12 Chemical SME respondents.
b. 5 Textile and 15 Chemical SME respondents stated this problem as less important.
c. Only 1 Textile and 3 Chemical SME respondents found it to be somewhat important.
d. 33 respondents reported poor transportation facility as very important of which 19 were Textile SME
respondents and 14 were Chemical.
e. Majority of the respondents who reported this reason as extremely important were 77 Textile SME
respondents and 59 Chemical SME respondents.
It can be further concluded as Majority of the SME respondents reported Poor transportation facility as
one of the very important reason for labour turnover.
Type of Some Total
Enterprise Not Less
What
Very Extremely
Important
Micro 5 10 8 7 7 37
Small 15 10 36 24 53 138
Medium 0 0 0 2 3 5
Total 20 20 44 33 63 180
Micro Small Medium
53
36
24
15
10 10 8
5 7 7
2 3
0 0 0

One of the reasons behind labour turnover was low pay. Degree of this reason differs from textile to chemical
SME respondents as follows:
a. Out of 18 both textile and chemical SME respondents stated the reason for the mentioned problem as not
important.
b. 31 respondents faced labour turnover less important of which 15 were Textile and 16 were chemical SME
respondents.
c. Majority of the respondents stated low pay as somewhat important. Out of 56 respondents 18 were Textile
and 38 were Chemical SME respondents.
d. Low pay reason for labour turnover was reported by 31 respondents of which 18 were Textile and 13 were
e. 44 respondents stated Low pay as extremely important reason of which 17 were Textile and 27 were
Hence it can be concluded that majority of the respondent’s stated low pay as a major reason for labour
turnover.
Reason for labour turnover :Pollution
cent Per cent
Not Important 33 18.3 18.3 18.3
Less Important 12 6.7 6.7 25
Some What Important 9 5 5 30
Total 180 100 100
18%
Not Important
Less Important
7%
Some What Important
5%
Very Important
67% 3% Extremely Important
Pollution was reported Not important by 18.3 per cent of the SME respondents whereas 6.7 stated less
important, 5 per cent somewhat important, 2.8 per cent very important and 67.2 per cent as extremely
Category Reason for labour turnover :Pollution
of Some
What
Textile 12 7 21 18 19 77
Chemical 9 5 30 36 23 103
Total 21 12 51 54 42 180
Textile Chemical
36
30
23
21
18 19
12
9
7
5

a. Out of 21 respondents who found pollution as not important reason for labour turnover , 12 were textile
SME respondents and 9 were chemical.
b. Only 7 Textile and 5 Chemical SME respondents stated pollution as less important reason for labour
turnover.
c. Pollution was recorded as somewhat important reason for labour turnover by 21 Textile and 30 Chemical
SME respondents.
d. 54 respondents reported pollution as very important reason of which 18 were Textile and 36 were Chemical
SME respondents.
e. Among 42 respondents 19 Textile and 23 Chemical SME respondents reported pollution as extremely
important reason for labour turnover.
Further it can be concluded that majority of the respondents reported pollution as an important reason
for labour turnover.
Type of Some
Enterprise Not Less Very Extremely Total
What
Important
Micro 10 3 17 5 2 37
Small 11 9 32 47 39 138
Medium 0 0 2 2 1 5
Total 21 12 51 54 42 180
Reason for labour turnover :Pollution itle
Micro Small Medium
47
39
32
17
10 11 9
3 5
0 0 2 2 2 1

Pollution as a reason for labour turnover was differing across the types of enterprises as follow:
a. Among 21 respondents who found pollution as not important reason, 10 were Micro and 11 were Small
b. Only 3 Micro and 9 Small Enterprise respondents reported Pollution as less important problem.
c. 51 respondent stated Pollution as somewhat important problem. 17 Micro, 32 Small and 2 Medium sized
enterprises reported it as somewhat important.
d. 54 respondents who reported it as very important of which 5 were Micro Enterprise respondents, 47 were
Small and 2 were Medium sized respondents.
e. 2 Micro, 32 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise found pollution as extremely important reason for labour
turnover.
It can be stated that majority of the Small Sized SME respondents found pollution as crucially
Reason for labour turnover :Ease in Job switch
Valid Cumulative
Per cent Per cent
Not Important 22 12.2 12.2 12.2
Less Important 27 15 15 27.2
Total 180 100 100
12%
24%
Not Important
15% Less Important
Some What Important
7%
Very Important
Extremely Important
42%
Ease in job switch was reported Not important by 12.2 per cent of the SME respondents whereas 15 stated less
important, 42.2 per cent somewhat important, 6.7 per cent very important and 23.9 per cent as extremely
Category Reason for labour turnover :Ease in Job switch
of Some
What
Textile 13 18 29 0 17 77
Chemical 9 9 47 12 26 103
Total 22 27 76 12 43 180
Textile Chemical
47
29
26
18 17
13 12
9 9
0

a. Ease in job switch was reported not important by 13 Textile and 9 Chemical SME respondents.
b. 18 Textile and 9 Chemical SME respondents reported ease in job switch as less important reason for labour
turnover.
c. Majority of the respondents reported this reason as somewhat important of which 29 were Textile SME
respondents and 47 Chemical.
d. Only 12 Chemical SME respondents found ease in job switch as a very important reason for labour
turnover.
e. 17 Textile and 26 Chemical SME respondents stated this reason as extremely important reason for labour
turnover.
It can be further concluded that majority of the Chemical respondents were stating this reason as an
Type of Some
What
Important
Micro 10 3 3 17 4 37
Small 12 24 9 55 38 138
Medium 0 0 0 4 1 5
Total 22 27 12 76 43 180
Micro Small Medium
55
38
24
17
10 12 9
3 3 4 4
0 0 0 1

a. Out of 22 respondents 10 Micro and 12 Small Enterprise respondents reported ease in job switch as not
important reason.
b. 3 Textile and 24 Chemical SME respondents reported this reason as less important for labour turnover.
c. Only few respondents stated this as somewhat important reason of which 3 were Micro and 9 were Small
d. Majority of the respondents reported ease in job switch as very important reason of which 17 were Micro,
55 were Small and 4 were Medium sized enterprise respondents.
e. 4 Micro, 38 Small and 1 Medium sized enterprise respondents reported this reason as an extremely
This can be summarised as majority of the respondents reported this reason as very important reason.
Reason for labour turnover :Poor Management relations
cent Per cent
Not Important 21 11.67 11.67 11.67
Less Important 54 30.00 30.00 41.67
Very Important 42 23.33 23.33 93.33
Total 180 100 100
7% 12%
Not Important
23% Less Important
Some What Important
30%
Very Important
Extremely Important
28%
Poor management relations were reported Not important by 11.7 per cent of the SME respondents whereas 30
stated less important, 28.3 per cent somewhat important, 6.7 per cent very important and 23.3 per cent as
extremely important reason behind labour turnover.
It can be concluded that Poor transportation facilities and pollution reported to be extremely important reason
behind labour turnover. Low pay, Ease in job switch and poor management relations reported as less
important reasons behind labour turnover.
Category Reason for labour turnover :Poor Management relations
of Some
What
Textile 8 20 28 16 5 77
Chemical 13 34 23 26 7 103
Total 21 54 51 42 12 180
Textile Chemical
103
77
34
28 26
20 23
13 16
8 5 7
Not Less Some Very Extremely

Important Important What Important Important
Important
a. Poor management relation was found not important to 8 Textile and 25 Chemical SME respondents.
b. majority of the respondents stated Poor management relation as less important reason of which 47 were
Textile and 74 Chemical SME respondents.
c. 8 Textile and 1 Chemical SME respondents reported this reason as somewhat important reason.
d. Only 5 Textile SME respondents found it to be very important reason for labour turnover.
e. 9 Textile and 3 Chemical SME respondents reported this reason for labour turnover extremely important.
It can be summarised as very few respondents found this reason as important for labour turnover.
Type of Some
What
Important
Micro 10 6 9 9 3 37
Small 10 45 41 35 7 138
Medium 1 3 1 0 0 5
Total 21 54 51 42 12 180
Micro Small Medium
138
45 41
35 37
10 10 9 9
1
6 3 1 0 3 7 0 5
Not Less Some Very Extremely

Important Important What Important Important
Important
a. 25 Micro and 8 small Enterprise respondents found this reason as not important.
b. 3 Micro and 9 Small enterprise respondents reported this reason for labour turnover as less important.
c. Only 1 Micro and 8 Small enterprise respondents stated Poor management relations as somewhat important.
d. Only 5 Small enterprise respondents reported this reason as very important.
e. Majority of the respondents reported Poor management relations as extremely important reason behind
labour turnover of which 8 were Micro , 108 Small and all 5 were Medium sized SME respondents.
Labour turn-over impacts productivity of SME unit
Valid Cumulative
Per cent Per cent
Yes 116 69.4 69.4 69.4
No 64 30.6 30.6 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
31%
69%
69.4 per cent of the SME respondents stated labour turnover impacts productivity of unit and 30.6 per cent
stated it did Not impact labour productivity.
Labour turn-over impacts
Type of productivity of SME unit
Enterprise
Yes No Total
Micro 27 10 37
Small 86 52 138
Medium 3 2 5
Total 116 64 180
Yes No
86
52
27
10
3 2
Micro Small Medium
50 Textile SME respondents reported impact of labour turnover on productivity and 62 were Chemical SME
respondents. Rest all 68 respondent did not report about any such impact on productivity.
Category Labour turn-over impacts
of productivity of SME unit
product
Yes No Total
produced
Textile 50 27 77
Chemical 66 37 103
Total 116 64 180
Textile Chemical
66
50
37
27
Yes No
Across all type of enterprises impact of labour turnover on productivity were faced by 26 Micro, 83 Small
and 3 Medium sized SME respondents.
Employee Welfare activities by SME units
Employee Welfare activities by SME units Yes No Total
Health Check Ups 80 20 100
Family Health Insurance 77.2 22.8 100
Medical Allowances 78.3 21.7 100
Day Care Services 1.1 98.9 100
Educational Facility 10.6 89.4 100
Scholarships For Kids 10 90 100
Subsidises Or Free Food 90.6 9.4 100
Transportation And Conveyance Allowances 92.2 7.8 100
Financial Literacy 13.9 86.1 100
yes no
98.9 92.2
89.4 90 90.6 86.1
80 77.2 78.3
20 22.8 21.7
1.1
10.6 10 9.4 7.8 13.9
a. 80 per cent of the respondents stated their unit conducts Health check up for their employee welfare
and 20 per cent did Not conduct such activity.
b. Family health insurance was offered by 77.2 per cent of the units whereas 22.8 per cent did Not offer
such facility.
c. 78.3 per cent of the respondents stated their unit offered Medical allowances as welfare facilities and
21.7 per cent did Not.
d. This is the least preferred welfare activity for SMEs as Only 1.1 per cent of the SME units were
offering day care as a welfare facility and majority of the units that is 98.9 per cent did Not offered
such facilities.
e. 10.6 per cent of the respondents stated their unit provides Educational facilities for their employee
welfare and 89.4 per cent did Not conduct such activity.
f. 10 per cent of the respondents stated their unit offered scholarships for their employee’s as a welfare
and 90 per cent did Not conduct such activity.
g. Subsidized food was a unique welfare plan offered by many of the SMEs of Tarapur MIDC. It was
offered by the majority of the SMEs as welfare facility that is 90.6 per cent and remaining 9.4 per cent
did Not offer such facility.
h. Transportation and conveyance allowances were offered by 92.2 per cent of the respondent units but
7.8 per cent did Not.
i. Financial literacy was offered by 13.9 per cent of the respondent units but 86.1 per cent of the majority
units did Not offered this facilities.
Employee Welfare activities by SME units Micro Small Medium Total
Health Check Ups 26 113 5 144
Family Health Insurance 24 110 5 139
Medical Allowances 30 106 5 141
Day Care Services 0 2 0 2
Educational Facility 9 8 2 19
Scholarships For Kids 6 12 0 18
Subsidises Or Free Food 27 131 5 163
Transportation And Conveyance Allowances 31 130 5 166
Financial Literacy 4 19 2 25
Micro Small Medium

131 130
113 110 106
26 24 30 27 31
19
5 5 5 020 982 6120 5 5 4 2
a. Among types of enterprises, 26 Micro, 113 Small and 5 Medium sized enterprises opted for Health
checkups as welfare activity.
b. 24 Micro, 110 Small and 5 all medium sized SME respondents opt for above welfare facility.
c. Among 141 SME respondents 30 Micro, 106 Small and 5 Medium Enterprise respondents stated
Medical allowances as one of the welfare activity.
d. Across all 180 SME respondents only 2 Small Enterprise respondents were offering Day care service
as a welfare facility.
e. Among 180 respondents only 9 Micro, 8 Small and 2 Medium enterprise respondents could offer
Educational Facility as a welfare activity.
g. Out of total 180 SME respondents only 6 Micro and 12 Small enterprises offered Scholarships for
Kids as a welfare facility. Rest all 162 respondents were not.
h. Among 163 respondents who were offering free or subsidised food, 27 were Micro, 131 were Small
and all 5 Medium sized respondents.
i. Across all respondents 31 Micro, 130 Small and 5 Medium sized SME respondents facilitated
transportation and allowances as a welfare facility.
Employee Welfare activities by SME units Textile Chemical Total
Health Check Ups 66 78 144
Family Health Insurance 64 75 139
Medical Allowances 65 76 141
Day Care Services 1 1 2
Educational Facility 5 14 19
Scholarships For Kids 10 8 18
Subsidises Or Free Food 74 89 163
Transportation And Conveyance Allowances 75 91 166
Financial Literacy 14 11 25
Textile Chemical
89 91
78 75 76 74 75
66 64 65
14 10 8 1411
11 5
a. Approximately all of the respondents were conducting health checkups as an employee welfare
activity. 66 Textile and 78 Chemical SME respondents conducted these activities.
b. 139 SME respondents of which 64 Textile and 75 Chemical SME respondents conducted family health
insurance as welfare activity.
c. Medical Allowances were offered as welfare activity by 65 Textile and 76 Chemical SME
respondents.
d. Only single Textile and Chemical SME respondents were facilitating Day care service as a welfare
facility rest majority of the respondents did not.
e. 5 Textile and 14 Chemical SME respondents were offering Educational facility as a welfare activity.
f. Scholarships for kids were offered by only 10 Textile and 8 Chemical SME respondents.
g. Majority of the respondents offered subsidised food or free food as a welfare practice.
h. Out of 166 respondents 75 were Textile and 91 Chemical SME respondents who had offered
Transportation and conveyance as a welfare facility. Very few respondents failed to facilitate above
activity.
CSR activity conducted by SME units
Valid Cumulative
Per cent Per cent
Yes 127 70.6 70.6 70.6
No 53 29.4 29.4 100
Total 180 100 100
Yes No
29%
71%
Among 180 SME respondents, 70.6 per cent of the SME respondents were participating CSR activity and 29.4
per cent were Not.
Response Tree Cleaning Scholarship Financial help at Disposal of Blood
ponds, rivers, to labour’s lower rate of harmful donation
plantation
lakes etc kids interest products camp
Yes 55.6 29.4 15 11.1 39.4 14.4
No 44.4 70.6 85 88.9 60.6 85.6
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Yes No
85 88.9 85.6
70.6
55.6 60.6
44.4 39.4
29.4
15 11.1 14.4
a. Tree plantation was done by 55.6 per cent of the SMEs and 44.4 per cent were Not conducting this
CSR activities.
b. Cleaning ponds, lakes, rivers etc were done by only 29.4 per cent of the respondents whereas 70.6 per
cent units were Not conducting this activity.
c. Scholarship to labour’s kids was only offered by 15 per cent of the respondents, 85 per cent of them
did Not participated in this activity.
d. 11.1 per cent of the respondents offered Financial help at lower rate of interest as a CSR activity and
88.9 per cent of the major chunk of the respondents did Not.
e. Disposal of harmful products were offered only by 39.4 per cent of the respondents and 60.6 per cent
did Not. This shows the reason behind the raising pollution and its impact on health of labours
working with the SMEs.
f. Only 14.4 per cent of the respondents offered Blood donation camp as a CSR participation and 85.6
per cent did Not.
CSR activity conducted by SME
units Micro Small Medium Total
Tree plantation 13 82 5 100
Cleaning ponds, rivers, lakes etc 5 46 2 53
Scholarship to labour’s kids 0 1 1 2
Financial help at lower rate of
interest 9 17 1 27
Disposal of harmful products 6 12 2 20
Blood donation camp 10 57 4 71
Micro Small Medium
82
57
46
13 17
5 5 2 0 1 1
9
1 6 12 2 10 4
a. 13 Micro, 82 Small and 5 Medium enterprise respondents were practicing tree plantation activity.
b. Among 52 respondents 5 were Micro, 46 Small and 2 were Medium sized enterprise respondents who
participated in above CSR activity.
c. Out of the 2 respondents who practiced scholarships for labour’s kids as a CSR activity were Small
and Medium individual unit from rest 180 respondents.
d. 9 Micro, 17 Small and only 1 Medium sized SME respondentsofferedfinancial help at lower rate of
interest as a CSR activity.
e. Among 20 respondents, 6 were Micro, 12 Small and 2 Medium sized enterprise respondents only
participated in above CSR activity.
f. Among 71 respondents who opt for blood donation camp 10 were Micro, 57 Small and 4 medium
sized enterprises participated in it as a CSR activity.
CSR activity conducted by SME
units Textile Chemical Total
Tree plantation 43 57 100
Cleaning ponds, rivers, lakes etc 34 19 53
Scholarship to labour’s kids 2 0 2
Financial help at lower rate of
interest 17 10 27
Disposal of harmful products 7 13 20
Blood donation camp 39 32 71
Textile Chemical
57
43 39
34 32
19 17
10 13
7
2 0
a. 100 respondents among 180 were conducting tree plantation as a CSR activity of which 43 were
Textile and 57 Chemical SME respondents.
b. Only 53 respondents did conduct cleaning of ponds, lakes and rivers as a CSR activity. There were 34
Textile and only 19 Chemical SME respondents participated in this.
c. Only 2 Textile SME were conducting scholarships for labour’s kids as a CSR activity rest no one.
d. 27 SME respondents were offering financial help at lower rate of interest to their employees as a CSR
activity of which 17 were Textile and 10 Chemical SME respondents.
e. Very few respondents practiced disposal of harmful products as a CSR activity of which 7 were
Textile and 13 chemical SME respondents.
f. 39 Textile and 32 Chemical SME respondents held blood donation camp as a CSR stand.
Organisational facility Yes No Total
a. Health check ups 88 12 100
b. Family health insurance 64 36 100
c. Medical allowances 69.8 30.2 100
d. Day care service 0.8 99.2 100
e. Educational facility 16.6 83.4 100
f. Subsidized or free food 93.9 6.1 100
g. Transportation or conveyance allowances 93.9 6.1 100
h. Company quarters 1.1 98.9 100
Organisational facility
120
100
80
60
40
20
Yes
0 No
a. From total 900 respondents 88 per cent of them stated Health check-ups are facilitated to them
whereas 12 per cent of them said they do not get such facility in their organisation. This shows
majority of the organisation conduct health check-ups for their employees; especially in case of
chemical companies.
b. 64 per cent stated that their families are covered under health insurance plan facilitated by their
enterprise whereas 36 per cent of them stated as they do not receive any such facilities.
c. 69.8 per cent from the 900 respondents stated they receive medical allowances by their enterprise
whereas 30.2 per cent said they did not receive any such facilities.
d. Only 0.8 per cent of the respondents receives day care facility for their children rest all majorities of
the SMEs do not facilitate day care to their employees.
e. Only 16.6 per cent of the respondents were receiving educational facilities whereas 83.4 per cent of
them stated they do not get such facilities in their enterprise.
f. 93.9 per cent were facilitated with subsidised food at their enterprises
g. 93.9 per cent of them were receiving transportation conveyance and allowances
h. Among organisational facility of company quarters 1.1 per cent of the respondents only have it
It can be concluded that transportation conveyance and allowances, subsidised food at their enterprises and
Health check-ups found to be most preferred organisational facilities given by SMEs to their employees.
Q23a. Facilities received from organisation
b. Family health insurance
f. Subsidized or free food
conveyance allowances
e. Educational facility
c. Medical allowances
h. Company quarters
g. Transportation or
a. Health check ups
d. Day care service
Total
Type of
Enterprise
Micro 185 155 148 2 36 176 174 1 185
Small 682 408 463 0 107 646 648 9 690
Medium 25 13 17 5 6 23 23 0 25
Total 892 576 628 7 149 845 845 10 900
Facilities received from organisation
700
600
500
400
300
200
Micro
100
0 Small
Medium
Facilities received from organization varies across micro, small and medium enterprises, provide that health
checkups were provided regularly followed by free food and transportation facility out of 900 employees
taken for study, 682 from small enterprise agree on regular health check-ups. On comparison between
enterprises, out of 900 employees 690 employees, informs they receive better facilities from organization
Q23a. Facilities received from organisation
f. Subsidized or free food
conveyance allowances
h. Company quarters
g. Transportation or
a. Health check ups
d. Day care service

b. Family health
insurance
Total
Nature
of Unit
Textile 385 255 290 1 64 341 357 9 385
Chemical 507 321 338 6 85 504 488 1 515
Total 892 576 628 7 149 845 845 10 900
Facilities received from organisation
600
500
400
300
200
100 Textile
0
Chemical
Facilities received from organization varies across industries provide that health checkups were provided
regularly followed by free food and transportation facility. By comparing between textile and chemical
industry 515 out of 900 employees informs they receive better facilities from organization.
Q26. Awareness about Personal Protective Equipment
Response Frequency Per cent Valid Cumulative

Per cent Per cent
Yes 822 91.3 91.3 91.3
No 78 8.7 8.7 100
Total 900 100 100
Awareness about Personal Protective Equipment
100
90
80
70
60 Series1
50
40
30
20
10
0
Yes No
Interpretation: PEP equipment is most critical factor to work in any manufacturing unit. It helps employees to
work safely under the process. 91.3 per cent of the respondents showed awareness about PEP equipment and
8.7 per cent did not.
Personal Protective Equipment Yes No Total
Safety glasses 53.4 46.6 100
Face shield 17.9 82.1 100
Chemical resistant foot ware 29.8 70.2 100
Clothing apron 61.7 38.3 100
Respiratory mask 40.0 60.0 100
Hand gloves 37.7 62.3 100
Ear cover 39.8 60.2 100
Head cap 60.9 39.1 100
Full protective suit 26.8 73.2 100
Adjustable chairs 50.0 50.0 100
Ventilation facility 68.8 31.2 100
Silencer 61.1 38.9 100
Personal Protective Equipment
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20 Yes
10
0 No
To tackle the problems of employees in both industries offered different PEP equipment of which Ventilation
facility was reported as most used measure. This is followed by usage of Clothing Apron by 61.7 per cent
employees, 61.1 of silencers installed in machines and 60.9 usage of Head cap reported by respondents.
Only 17.9 per cent respondents were preferred wearing Face shield in work rest all not which can protect them
from chemicals. Safety Glasses and Adjustable chairs were also preferred by 53.4 per cent and 50 per cent
respondents. Rest all PEP equipment like Chemical resistant foot ware, Respiratory mask, Hand gloves, ear
cover and full protective suit was preferred by on average only 35 per cent respondents.
Measures taken by company Personal protective equipment
Personal Protective Micro Small Medium Total

Equipment
Safety glasses 76 399 6 481
Face shield 40 120 1 161
Chemical resistant 69 194 5 268

footwear
Clothing apron 91 452 12 555
Respirator mask 84 268 8 360
Hand gloves 102 228 9 339
Ear cover 60 295 3 358
Head cap 77 459 12 548
Full protective suit 43 195 3 241
Adjustable chairs 85 348 17 450
Ventilation facility 121 476 22 619
Silencer 94 441 15 550
Total 185 690 25 900
500
450
400
350
300
250
200 Micro
150
100 Small
50
Medium
0
The personal protective equipment/ measures were classified further into micro, small and medium categories
to understand on the usages of the equipment based on type of enterprises. The results provide that highest
protective equipment are used in small enterprises out of 900 firms. The second highest is observed in micro
industries of 185, followed by medium enterprises of 25. The personal protective equipment highest usage is
seen in ventilation facility as 619 out of 900 equipment followed by clothing apron, head cap and silencer.
The least personal equipment is face shield and found in medium enterprises. The highest number of
equipment used in micro, small and medium enterprises is seen in ventilation facility. The least equipment is
face shield in micro, small and medium enterprises.
Measures taken by company Personal protective equipment
Personal Protective Textile Chemical Total

Equipment
Safety glasses 202 279 481
Face shield 54 107 161
Chemical resistant 13 255 268

foot ware
Clothing apron 217 338 555
Respiratory mask 107 253 360
Hand gloves 35 304 339
Ear cover 204 154 358
Head cap 226 322 548
Full protective suit 44 197 241
Adjustable chairs 226 224 450
Ventilation facility 222 397 619
Silencer 250 300 550
Total 385 515 900
400
350
300
250
200
150
100 Textile
50
0 Chemical
Highest protective measures taken by industry is observed in chemicals with the total protective equipment
measures of around 515 out of 900, in textile industry the highest measures equipment is 385 out of 900. The
Ventilation facility was observed to be personal protective measure on highest used in the textile and
Chemical industry. The clothing apron was used in both textile and chemical industry of chemical industry
was as silencer was highest in the textile industry out of 550 equipment. The safety glasses found to be
important measures used in chemical industry than textiles. Out of 12 protective equipment/ measures, the
least equipment is chemical resistant footwear in textile. In chemical the least was face shield out of 161.
Over all the Ventilation facility in chemical and silencer in textile industry was the equipment s used often as
protective equipment measures.
Reasons for not Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per
using PEP cent
equipment
Unawareness 173 19.2 19.2 19.2
Unavailability 625 69.4 69.4 88.7
Not Applicable 102 11.3 11.3 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Reasons for not using PEP equipment
Series1
69.4
19.2
11.3
Unawareness Unavailability Not Applicable
Only 822 respondents were aware about PEP equipment of which 19.2 per cent were unaware about such
equipment used in industry, 69.4 per cent were not availed with this facility and rest 11.3 per cent were
unaware respondents.
Type of Q29. Reasons for not using PEP equipment

Enterprise
Unawareness Unavailability Not Applicable Total
Micro 28 119 38 185
Small 141 485 64 690
Medium 4 21 0 25
Total 173 625 102 900

500
450
400
350
300 Micro
250 Small
200 Medium
150
100
50
0
The personal protective equipment provides the best means to reduce risk or injury of the employees. The
reasons for not using these equipments were due to unavailability of equipment and seen in small enterprises
out of 625, 485 provides that the equipment was not available. The second category goes on unawareness on
the usage of the equipment and seen more in small enterprises followed by micro enterprises. The third
category is small enterprises find that it is not suitable for their industry. The highest number for not using the
equipment/safety is seen in small enterprises.
Nature Q29. Reasons for not using PEP equipment

of Unit
Unawareness Unavailability Not Applicable Total
Textile 65 261 59 385
Chemical 108 364 43 515
Total 173 625 102 900

400
350
300
250
Textile
200
Chemical
150
100
50
0
The reasons for not using personal protective equipment are classified into textile and chemical industry. The
non-usage of the equipment are observed in chemical compared to textile industry out of 900, 515 report that
they are not using the personal protective equipment and as they were not available in their firms. The second
factor for not using the protective measures is unawareness on the use of equipment. Overall the analysis of
the industry in non-usage of the protective equipment in textile and chemical industry provide that the
equipment were not available in time.
Willing to change company
Yes 408 45.3 45.3 45.3
No 492 54.7 54.7 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Per cent
54.7
45.3
Yes No
When respondents were asked about changing their existing company 45.3 per cent respondents stated yes and
54.7 as no. This show many of the respondents were either unwilling or eager to change the job or some other
reasons.
Type of Q30. Like to change the company?
Enterprise
Yes No Total
Micro 69 116 185
Small 327 363 690
Medium 12 13 25
Total 408 492 900
Yes No
363
327
116
69
12 13
Micro Small Medium
The above table provides the information on how likely they change the company based on micro, small and
medium enterprises. The results provide out of 900 employees, 185 employees represented from micro
enterprises and inform that the reasons for job security is less important are higher. The small enterprises
employees reports that job security is not important among 327 respondents and 363 as less important. In
medium the number of employees is less compared with small and micro enterprises and 13 out of 25
employees as job security is less important category.
Nature Q30. Like to change the company?

of Unit
Yes No Total
Textile 174 211 385
Chemical 234 281 515
Total 408 492 900

Textile Chemical
281
234
211
174
Yes No
The above table provides the information on how likely they change the company based on industries. The
results provide out of 900 employees515 employees represented from chemical industry and inform that the
reasons for job security is less important are higher. The textile industries employees report that job security is
not important among 174 respondents and 211 as less important.
Reasons for Job Insecurity
Scale of Poor Long Poor Lack Of Exposure Discrimination

Response Salary Distance Working Technical To
And To Conditions Training Hazardous
Allowances Travel Pollutants
For
Work
Not 67 62.1 57 57.7 5.6 100

Important
Less 13.9 10.6 8 6.2 3.1 0

Important
Somewhat 12.9 5.7 4.9 9.9 19.8 0

Important
Very 4.9 9.8 9.4 15.4 16.7 0

Important
Extremely 1.3 11.9 20.7 10.8 54.9 0

Important
Total 100 100 100 100 100 100
Reasons for Job Insecurity

120
100
80
Not Important
60 Less Important
Somewhat Important
40
Very Important
20 Extremely Important
0
Poor Salary Long Distance Poor Working Lack Of Exposure To Discrimination
And To Travel For Conditions Technical Hazardous
Allowances Work Training Pollutants
Interpretation: long travelling distance is reported as 34.5 per cent of the reason behind job insecurity
followed by 31.3 per cent who reported lack of technical training as a reason. Exposure to hazardous
pollutants has been stated as 16.1 per cent as a concern, whereas 14.2 per cent stated poor working condition
as reason of job insecurity. Only 3.9 per cent of respondents reported poor salary and allowances as a reason.
Discrimination is not among a single reason by any of the respondents.
Type of Q30a. Poor Salary And Allowances
Enterprise
important important important important important
Micro 73.50% 8.60% 12.40% 2.20% 3.20% 100.00%
Small 65.20% 15.70% 13.30% 4.90% 0.90% 100.00%
Medium 68.00% 4.00% 4.00% 24.00% 0.00% 100.00%
Total 67.00% 13.90% 12.90% 4.90% 1.30% 100.00%
Poor Salary And Allowances
80.00%
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00% Micro
20.00%
Small
10.00%
0.00% Medium
Based on the salary and allowances the classification was carried out in micro, small and medium enterprises.
The reason for job insecurity on poor salary and allowances was not important in the micro, small and
medium enterprises. In micro enterprises 73.50% of employees report that salary and allowances were not
important, small enterprises 65.20% and medium enterprises of 68% of employees report that salary and
allowances were not important. Among micro enterprises only 3.20% of employees reported that it was
extremely important and 2.20% reported as very important. Out of 900 employees, 67% did not consider poor
salary and allowances as insecurity towards job
Nature Q30a. Poor Salary And Allowances

of Unit
Textile 65.20% 16.40% 13.00% 5.50% 0.00% 100.00%
Chemical 68.30% 12.00% 12.80% 4.50% 2.30% 100.00%
Total 67.00% 13.90% 12.90% 4.90% 1.30% 100.00%

Poor Salary And Allowances
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00% Textile
10.00% Chemical
0.00%
Based on the salary and allowances the classification was carried out in textile and chemical industries. The
reason for job insecurity on poor salary and allowances was not important in the chemical industry. In Textile
industry 65.20% of employees report that salary and allowances were not important. Among textile industries
group only 5.50% of employees reported that it was very important and 13% reported as somewhat important.
Out of 900 employees, 67% did not consider poor salary and allowances as insecurity towards job.
Type of Q30b.Long Distance To Travel For Work
Enterprise
Micro 71.90% 4.90% 4.90% 8.10% 10.30% 100.00%
Small 59.70% 12.30% 5.80% 9.90% 12.30% 100.00%
Medium 56.00% 4.00% 8.00% 20.00% 12.00% 100.00%
Total 62.10% 10.60% 5.70% 9.80% 11.90% 100.00%
Long Distance To Travel For Work
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
Micro
20.00%
10.00% Small
0.00% Medium
An increasing number of people tend to travel long distance between work and home, it provides time
consuming and create mental stresses to the employees and verified among the micro, small and medium
enterprises. The results provides that 62.10% of people feel that long distance travel provides job insecurity
and micro enterprise report 71.90% of employees, small enterprises of 59.70% and medium by 56%
represented as it is not important reason in change of their job, around 12.30% of small enterprises employees
feel extremely important for job change and insecurity and 5.70% in the textile industry report as somewhat
important.
Nature Q30b.Long Distance To Travel For Work

of Unit
Textile 63.90% 9.90% 5.20% 9.10% 11.90% 100.00%
Chemical 60.80% 11.10% 6.00% 10.30% 11.80% 100.00%
Total 62.10% 10.60% 5.70% 9.80% 11.90% 100.00%

Long Distance To Travel For Work
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00% Textile
10.00% Chemical
0.00%
An increasing number of people tend to travel long distance between work and home, it provides time
consuming and create mental stresses to the employees. The results provides that 62.10% of people feel that
long distance travel provides job insecurity and textile industries around 63.90% of employees represented as
it is not important reason in change of their job, around 11.90% of textile industries employees feel extremely
important for job change and insecurity and 5.20% in the textile industry report as somewhat important.
Type of Q30c. Poor Working Conditions
Enterprise
Micro 64.90% 8.10% 2.20% 7.60% 17.30% 100.00%
Small 54.80% 8.00% 5.80% 9.90% 21.60% 100.00%
Medium 60.00% 8.00% 0.00% 12.00% 20.00% 100.00%
Total 57.00% 8.00% 4.90% 9.40% 20.70% 100.00%
Poor Working Conditions
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
Micro
20.00%
10.00% Small
0.00% Medium
The working conditions can be interpreted with the job insecurity, if the employees are provided with good
work environment they feel happy and get associated with their work which results in job satisfaction and
changeover of job is less, which increase their productivity and Morales. On comparison of working
conditions that affect job security, it was found that micro enterprises poor working conditions was not
important in consideration of job insecurity and around 17.30% in micro reported that it was somewhat
important and 7.60% reported that poor working conditions affects job insecurity. The poor working
conditions was very important in the medium enterprises around 12% of people reported as very important, in
small enterprises 9.90% reported as very important and somewhat important of 21.60%.
Overall poor working conditions were not considered as an important factor in job insecurity.
Nature Q30c. Poor Working Conditions
of Unit
Textile 58.70% 9.60% 4.90% 9.90% 16.90% 100.00%
Chemical 55.70% 6.80% 4.90% 9.10% 23.50% 100.00%
Total 57.00% 8.00% 4.90% 9.40% 20.70% 100.00%
Poor Working Conditions
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
Textile
10.00%
Chemical
0.00%
The research tries to understand on how the poor working conditions lead to job insecurity and often changes
the job. As the job insecurity affects both mental and physical health. The detrimental effects of job insecurity
can also be partly felt as somewhat important among chemical industries of 23.50%, and the poor working
conditions were not reasons for job insecurity and changes as not important by textile industries around
58.70% and chemical industry by 55.70%.
Type of Q30d. Lack Of Technical Training
Enterprise
Micro 69.20% 5.90% 7.60% 8.60% 8.60% 100.00%
Small 54.80% 5.90% 10.40% 17.70% 11.20% 100.00%
Medium 52.00% 16.00% 12.00% 4.00% 16.00% 100.00%
Total 57.70% 6.20% 9.90% 15.40% 10.80% 100.00%
Lack of Technical Training
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
Micro
20.00%
10.00% Small
0.00% Medium
On comparison between micro, small and medium enterprise denote the lack of technical training was not
important in consideration of job insecurity and change of job around 69.20% of the employees in micro
enterprise report that job insecurity was not important and it was found that 17.70% found as less important in
small enterprise and 11.20% as extremely important on the lack of training skills affects job insecurity. In
medium enterprises 16% of employees referred as lack of technical training affects job insecurity.
Over all response from employees in small, medium and micro enterprises represent it was not important
factor in job insecurity and changes of job.
Nature Q30d. Lack Of Technical Training
of Unit
Textile 57.40% 4.70% 12.50% 16.10% 9.40% 100.00%
Chemical 57.90% 7.40% 8.00% 15.00% 11.80% 100.00%
Total 57.70% 6.20% 9.90% 15.40% 10.80% 100.00%
Lack Of Technical Training
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
Textile
10.00%
Chemical
0.00%
The employees face insecurity in terms of lack of technical training. On comparison between textile and
chemical industries, both industries denote the lack of technical training was not important in consideration of
job insecurity and change of job around 12.50% of the employees in textile industry report that job insecurity
was somewhat important and it was found that 11.80% found in chemical industry as extremely important
factor on consideration of technical training affecting the job insecurity.
Over all response from employees in two industries represent it was not important factor in job insecurity and
changes of job.
Type of Q30e. Exposure To Hazardous Pollutants
Enterprise
Micro 8.60% 2.20% 12.40% 13.50% 63.20% 100.00%
Small 4.90% 3.20% 21.60% 17.50% 52.80% 100.00%
Medium 0.00% 8.00% 24.00% 16.00% 52.00% 100.00%
Total 5.60% 3.10% 19.80% 16.70% 54.90% 100.00%
Exposure To Hazardous Pollutants
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
Micro
20.00%
10.00% Small
0.00% Medium
Both individuals and society try to prevent on the hazardous pollutant. On comparison with micro, small and
medium enterprises, health hazardous pollutant was not important factor in micro enterprises; only 63.20% of
people report that as not important and 13.50% as very important factor in micro enterprises. The hazardous
pollutants were not extremely important in medium enterprises and 8% of employees reported as less
important, compared to small and micro enterprises.
Nature Q30e. Exposure To Hazardous Pollutants
of Unit
Textile 3.40% 5.20% 20.50% 15.60% 55.30% 100.00%
Chemical 7.20% 1.60% 19.20% 17.50% 54.60% 100.00%
Total 5.60% 3.10% 19.80% 16.70% 54.90% 100.00%
Exposure To Hazardous Pollutants
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00%
Textile
10.00%
Chemical
0.00%
The exposure to hazardous pollutants affects the people while performing their job, it affects workers health
and especially on the exposures over long periods of time. On comparison of two industries the exposure to
hazardous pollutants was considers as not important factor in the aspect of job insecurity and job change. In
chemical industries, only 7.20% of people reports as extremely important in decision of job change. In textile
industries, 20.50% of people report that pollutants affect the job change.
Type of Q30f.Discrimination
Enterprise
Not Important Total
Micro 100.00% 100.00%
Small 100.00% 100.00%
Medium 100.00% 100.00%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
The development and updating of legislation upholds the selection and promotion of individuals in jobs based
on their ability to do work involved. The discrimination has adverse effects on individuals and has a knock on
health, productivity and resiliency of the organization. The discrimination affects psychological wellbeing
and general health of employees. On comparison with three enterprises, discrimination was not important
factor in job insecurity and change of job.
Nature Q30f.Discrimination
of Unit
Not Important Total
Textile 100.00% 100.00%
Chemical 100.00% 100.00%
Total 100.00% 100.00%
Discrimination involves less favourable treatment from one employee to another; it may due to person’s age,
sex, religion or disability. It happens both within and outside work place. The survey provides that both textile
and chemical industries consider discrimination as not important factor in both the industries and does not
affect job insecurity and change.
Reasons for Job Security
Satisfactory Salary Up-Gradation Healthy Working Nearby

And Allowance Of Skills Environment Home
Response Scale
Not Important 48 51.2 45.9 48.3
Less Important 6.7 5.8 2.1 6.9
Somewhat
11.1 21.6 20.3 8.6
Important
Very Important 22.9 16.9 24.7 18
Extremely
11.3 4.6 7 18.2
Important
Total 100 100 100 100
Majority of the respondents state all reasons as not important reason.
22.9And 11.3 per centof the respondents reported satisfactory salary and allowances as very important and
Extremely important reason respectively. 24.7 per cent had stated healthy working environment held them
back to work with SMEs whereas only 16.9 per cent of them stated up-gradation of skills being their job
security reason. 18.2 per cent of the respondents reported working place nearby home as aextremely important
reason behind their job security.
It can be concluded that nearby home as one of the major reason to stay back with the company as job
security.
Type of Q31a. Satisfactory Salary And Allowance
Enterprise
Important Important important Important Important
Micro 82 7 22 48 26 185
Small 338 52 74 151 75 690
Medium 12 1 4 7 1 25
Total 432 60 100 206 102 900
Among half of the respondents out of 900 employees 432 reported that it was not important factor in job
security and highest number of 338 employees report in small enterprises and 82 from micro enterprises and
12 from medium enterprises as satisfactory salary and allowance affects job security and 151 employees out
of 690 in small enterprises report as very important.
Nature Q31a. Satisfactory Salary And Allowance
of Unit
Textile 184 28 38 93 42 385
Chemical 248 32 62 113 60 515
Total 432 60 100 206 102 900
The satisfactory report on salary and allowance was not important in chemical industries, only 184 employees
out of 432 reports in textile industries as salary and allowance affects job security, and in chemical industry 60
respondents reported as extremely important affects salary and allowance.
Type of Q31b. Up-Gradation Of Skills
Enterprise
Micro 80 22 47 29 7 185
Small 369 30 138 119 34 690
Medium 12 0 9 4 0 25
Total 461 52 194 152 41 900
The up-gradation of skills provide as very important factor in job security and does not lead to change of job
around 369 out of 461 employees of small enterprises report it as not important factor and 30 out of 52 as less
important and 194 out of 138 as somewhat important and 119 out of 152, 34 out of 41 employees reported
higher in number compared to micro and medium enterprises.
Nature Q31b. Up-Gradation Of Skills

of Unit
Textile 213 24 84 45 19 385
Chemical 248 28 110 107 22 515
Total 461 52 194 152 41 900
The up-gradation of skills provide as very important factor in job security and does not lead to change of job
around 107 out of 152 employees of chemical industries report it as very important factor and 110 out of 194
from chemical industries as somewhat important and 28 out of 52 as less important. On comparison with two
industries higher number of employees report from chemical industry that upgradation of skills involve in job
security and does not change the job frequently.
Type of Q31c. Healthy Working Environment
Enterprise
Micro 71 5 46 52 11 185
Small 330 13 134 162 51 690
Medium 12 1 3 8 1 25
Total 413 19 183 222 63 900
The working environment consists of two broader classification on the work and context and work includes
different characteristics on which job is carried out and completed it involves on the micro, small and medium
enterprises. Out of 900 employees surveyed, 690 report that healthy working environment does not considers
as not important factor in deciding on job security in small enterprise and change in job category and 162 out
of 222 employees from chemical industries provide healthy working environment is very important factor in
deciding on the job change. Overall, small enterprise employees provide higher number on the not important
and mixed results is seen in these sectors.
Nature Q31c. Healthy Working Environment

of Unit
Textile 176 15 78 79 37 385
Chemical 237 4 105 143 26 515
Total 413 19 183 222 63 900
The working environment consists of two broader classification on the work and context and work includes
different characteristics on which job is carried out and completed it involves on the task and activities in
training and related activities. Out of 900 employees surveyed, 413 report that healthy working environment
does not considers as not important factor in deciding on job security and change in job category and 143 out
of 222 employees from chemical industries provide healthy working environment is very important factor in
deciding on the job change. Overall, chemical industries employees provide higher number on the not
important and mixed results is seen in these industries.
Type of Q31d. Nearby Home
Enterprise
Micro 79 19 18 40 29 185
Small 344 41 58 121 126 690
Medium 12 2 1 1 9 25
Total 435 62 77 162 164 900
The job security also depends on the travel distance, as distance travel involves more stress to the employees.
On comparison of this micro, small and medium enterprises higher number of employees from small
enterprises report on the travel distance from home is not important factor on decision of job change. Out of
62 employees, 41 from small enterprises report on significant factor in distance from home and 103 out of 164
employees as extremely important. Overall the micro, small and medium enterprises employees do observe a
significant impact on their job security and change on the distance travel from home and very important
factors in job security.
Nature Q31d. Nearby Home
of Unit
Textile 188 42 33 61 61 385
Chemical 247 20 44 101 103 515
Total 435 62 77 162 164 900
The job security also depends on the travel distance, as distance travel involves more stress to the employees.
On comparison of these two sectors higher number of employees from chemical industries report on the travel
distance from home is not important factor on decision of job change. Out of 162 employees, 101 from
chemical industries report on significant factor in distance from home and 103 out of 164 employees as
extremely important. Overall the chemical industries employees do observe a significant impact on their job
security and change on the distance travel from home.
Q32 Satisfaction with present job
Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative Per cent
Yes 615 68.3 68.3 68.3
No 285 31.7 31.7 100.0
Total 900 100.0 100.0
Out of 900 respondents 68.3 per cent employees were satisfied with their job with present company and only
31.7 per cent were not.
Part VI- Job security and safety of Labours and welfare cum CSR facilities by
SMEs-
This part elaborates the job security and insecurity reasons to work with Textile and Chemical SMEs.
It covers aspects like PEP facilities offered to employees, Welfare facilities as well CSR activities
conducted by SMEs.
1. Is there any labour-turnover in company? Yes/ No

If Yes, which type of labour: a. Skilled labour b. Un-skilled labour
47. What are the reasons for Labour Turnover?
Rank below reasons on five scale basis. 5= extremely important, 4= Very important, 3= somewhat
important, 2= Less important, 1= Not important
Reasons For Labour Turnover 5 4 3 2 1

A Low Pay
B Poor Transport Facilities
C Pollution
D Ease In Job Switch
E Poor Management Relations
48. Does labour turn-over impacts productivity of unit? Yes/ No
49. What are the activities organised by your unit for employees welfare?
a. Health check ups
d. Day care service
f. scholarships for kids
g. Subsidized or free food
h. Transportation and conveyance allowances
i. financial literacy
50. Does your company participate in CSR activity? Yes/ No
51. Which are the different activities undertaken by your company towards CSR among
followings?
a. Tree plantation
b. Cleaning ponds, lakes, rivers etc
c. Adult education
d. Scholarships to labour’s kids
e. Financial help at lower rate of interest
f. Disposal of harmful products
g. Blood donation camp
6. Have you received any of the below mentioned facilities by your organization?
a. Health check ups
d. Day care service
f. Subsidizex d or free food
g. Transportation or conveyance allowances
h. Company quarters
i. Other
Job security and safety:
26. Are you aware about Personal Protective equipments? Yes/ No
27. What are the measures taken by your company for the above mentioned problems, like personal
protective equipments and other measures?
a. Safety Glasses/ Goggles
b. Face shield/ mask
c. Chemical resistant foot wear
d. Clothing aprons/ suit
e. Respiratory masks
f. Chemical protective Hand gloves
g. Ear cover/ plugs
h. Head caps or Helmet
i. Full protective suit
j. Adjustable chairs/ tables as per height
k. Ventilation facilities
l. Silencers installed in machine causing noise
28. State if any other Personal Protective Equipment used by you.
29. If you are not using Personal Protective Equipment, state a reason.
a. unawareness b. Unavailability c. Not applicable d. Avoidance
30. If you get a chance would you like to change your company? Yes/ No
important
If yes, Rank below mentioned reasons on five scale basis:
Reasons For Job Insecurity 5 4 3 2 1
A. Poor Salary And Allowances
B. Long Distance To Travel For Work
c. Poor Working Conditions
d. Lack Of Technical Training
e. Exposure To Hazardous Pollutants
f. Discrimination
State if any other reason
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
31. If no, Rank below mentioned reasons on five scale basis:
Reasons For Job Security 5 4 3 2 1

A Satisfactory Salary And Allowance
B Up-Gradation Of Skills
C Healthy Working Environment
D Nearby Home
State if any other reason
__________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________
32. On the whole are you satisfied with your job? Yes/ No
Part VII-Hypothesis Testing
This part deals with testing of hypothesis with help of suitable statistical tools
Part VII-Hypothesis Testing
1. H0: Work Environment and effluent has no negative impact on health of labours working in
Small and Medium Enterprises in Tarapur MIDC.
H1: Work Environment and effluent has negative impact on health of labours working in Small
and Medium Enterprises in Tarapur MIDC.
To prove above hypothesis researcher used count and per centage method. The results were as follow:
Out of total 900 respondents 32 per cent of them said Pain in hands and legs is less important as
compared to 11.3 per cent respondents who said the problem is extremely important.
Accidents in all SMEs are 36.9 per cent less important to respondents whereas 11.4 per cent
respondent said it is extremely important.
Cough is reported as less important problem by 42 per cent respondents, whereas 17.3 respondents
stated it as very important.
45 per cent of the respondents stated respiratory problem as somewhat important as 12.4 per cent of
the respondent who said this problem is very important.
Lung Disease has been reported as not important problem by 58.4 per cent of the respondents as
compared to 7.6 per cent who reported it as very important
Skin allergies have been reported 34.6 per cent somewhat important by employees than 5.8 per cent
employees stated it as extremely important.
27.4 per cent employees stated cost cutting as somewhat important, whereas 13.9 per cent of reported
it as extremely important.
While doing research not a single respondent reported any type of discrimination with respect to cast
is not there in any of the SMEs.
All above figures indicates that Work Environment and effluent has negative impact on health of
labours working in Small and Medium Enterprises in Tarapur MIDC.
Hence researcher rejected Null Hypothesis.

2. H0: Small and medium enterprises of Tarapur MIDC have highest participation in government’s
MSME Schemes.
H1: Small and medium enterprises of Tarapur MIDC have least participation in government’s MSME
Schemes.
From 180 SMEs 80 per cent of the SMEs were aware about Government’s MSME schemes and 20 per
cent of them were not knowing about such any scheme neither they shown interest in it.
schemes rest all 91.7 per cent of them did not participated in any of the schemes. For this reasons were stated
regarding subsidies offered by MIDC were opted by them whereas some of them stated participating in
process.
Though there is less participation in Government schemes some of the entrepreneurs participated in
few Government schemes. 0.6 per cent for International Cooperation Scheme, 0.6 per cent Marketing
Assistance and Technology Up-gradation of MSMEs that means only 2 companies participated in these
schemes separately which is very poor counts. Only 1.7 per cent of the SMEs participated in Credit Linked
Capital Subsidy for Technology Up-gradation (CLCS- TU) and Market Development Assistance (MDA)
schemes separately. 2.4 per cent that is 5 of the SMEs participated in Marketing Assistance Scheme.
To prove the hypothesis on participation in Government schemes, researcher had used count and per
centage method from which following results were opted.
schemes rest all 91.7 per cent of them did not participated in any of the schemes. For this reasons were stated
regarding subsidies offered by MIDC were opted by them whereas some of them stated participating in
process.
This provesNull hypothesis to be rejected and alternative hypothesis is accepted.
So we can conclude that Small and medium enterprises of Tarapur MIDC have minor participation in
government’s MSME Schemes.
3. H0: The distribution of the total problems is same across the Textile and Chemical SMEs among
employees.
H1: The distribution of the total problems is different across the Textile and Chemical
SMEs among employees.
P value is 0.001 as per Mann Whitney U Test
As P value is less than 0.05 of significance level here we reject the null hypothesis and accept the
alternative hypothesis.
So it can be interpreted that the distribution of the total problems is different across the Textile and
Chemical SMEs among employees.
4. H0: The distribution of the total causes is same across the Textile and Chemical SMEs among
employees.
H1: The distribution of the total causes is different across the Textile and Chemical SMEs
among employees.
P value is 0.000 as per Mann Whitney U Test
So it can be interpreted that the distribution of the total causes is different across the Textile and
5. H0: The distribution of the total causes is same across the Micro, Small and Medium level
employee’s of SMEs.
H1: The distribution of the total causes is different across the Micro, Small and Medium level
P value is 0.000 as perKruskal Wallis Test
So it can be interpreted that the distribution of the total causes is different across the Textile and
6. H0: The distribution of the total causes is same across the Micro, Small and Medium level
H1: The distribution of the total causes is different across the Micro, Small and Medium level
So it can be interpreted that the distribution of the total causes is different across the Micro, Small and
Medium level employee’s of SMEs.
7. H1: The distribution of the total reasons for job security is different across the Textile
and Chemical SMEs among employees.
H0: The distribution of the total reasons for job security is same across the Textile and
As P value is less than 0.05 of significance level here we failed to reject the null hypothesis.
So it can be interpreted that thedistribution of the total reasons for job security is same across the Textile and
8. H1: The distribution of the total reasons for job security is different across the Micro, Small and
H0: The distribution of the total reasons for job security is same across the Micro, Small and
P value is 0.433 as per both Mann Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test
As P value is higher than 0.05 of significance level here we failed to reject null hypothesis. This can be
interpreted that the distribution of Total reasons for job security is same across the Textile and Chemical
SMEs.
 SUGGESTIONS:
1. There is less participation by SMEs in Schemes offered by MSMEs. This shows there is a need of publicity
on the end of government to create awareness as well some contribution towards simplifying procedures for
enrolling to their schemes.
2. There has to be compulsory provision for training under marketing department of all the SMEs working
under MIDC for betterment in their growth and minimizing the threat of the large companies for distribution.
3. There has to be a provision regarding lowering down labour turnover by addressing their problems on
timely basis. Problems which are caused by pollution in production process have to be taken care by SMEs.
This would help companies to perform steady with skilled and experienced labours.
4. SMEs should opt for E-commerce platform for their promotion and development.
5. SMEs should follow the norms specified by MPCB but also should develop their own disposal techniques
for pollutants produced or should keep that balanced maintain.

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CHAPTER 6

ANALYSIS AND DATA FINDINGS

(A) Part A talks about problems and challenges faced by SMEs.

Table No. Birthplace state of SME respondents

Birthplace state of SME respondents

Birthplace state Micro Small Medium Total

Total 37 138 5 180

Birthplace state of SME respondents

Micro Small Medium

Birthplace state Textile Chemical Total

Total 77 103 180

Birthplace state of SME respondents

Age group Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Age group of SME respondents

36-45 46-60 61 and above

Age group of SME respondents

36-45 46-60 61 and above

Type of Enterprise Age Group

Age group of SME respondents

36-45 46-60 61 and above

Education Frequency Per cent Valid Cumulative

Up to S.S.C H.S.C ITI B.E Graduation Post-Graduation

Type of Education of Entrepreneurs

Micro Small Medium

The above table and graphs shows that-

Table No. Education of SME respondents

Category of Education of Entrepreneurs

Migrated SME Respondents

Migrated SME Respondents

Migration YES Migration NO

Micro Small Medium

Category of product Migration

Migrated SME Respondents

Migration from which place Cumulative

Migrated Places of SME respondents

Other Districts of Outside Not Applicable

Type of Migration from which place

Migrated Places of SME respondents

Other Districts of Outside Maharashtra Not Migrated

Category of Migration from which place

Place of Migrated SME respondent

Other Districts of Outside Maharashtra Not Migrated

a. Only 8 Chemical respondents were migrated from Other Districts of Maharashtra.

Current residence of Entrepreneurs

Mumbai Thane New Palghar Dahanu

Current residence of Entrepreneurs

a. 31 Textile and 29 Chemical SME respondents were residing in Mumbai.

Current residence of Entrepreneurs

Micro Small Medium

Table No. Marital Status of SME units Employee respondents

Marital Status Frequency Per cent Valid Per cent Cumulative

Marital Status of SME unitsEmployee respondents

Married Not Married Divorced

Type of Marital Status

Micro 64.30% 34.60% 1.10% 100.00%

Small 61.20% 38.10% 0.70% 100.00%

Medium 60.00% 40.00% 0.00% 100.00%

Total 61.80% 37.40% 0.80% 100.00%

Marital Status of SME unitsEmployee respondents

Category of Marital Status

Textile 63.60% 35.10% 1.30% 100.00%

Chemical 60.40% 39.20% 0.40% 100.00%

Total 61.80% 37.40% 0.80% 100.00%