Manila Central University
Name-Rajan Chaudhary
Section-4
Course-BsBio
Subject-Histology
Diseases
1.Asthma
Asthma is an important, clinically prevalent disease worldwide. Despite a better knowledge on the
pathogenesis, the mechanisms underlying the induction and persistence of the disease are largely
unknown. It is now accepted that airway inflammation and structural changes of the bronchi are
important features. The relationships between those structural changes and clinical and functional
abnormalities clearly deserved further investigations. These findings led to the reinforcement of the
use of inhaled corticosteroids as the pivotal treatment for asthma. Nevertheless, there are still
patients who have persistent symptoms, altered lung function and a high rate of exacerbations.
2.transitional epithlial urethra
Urothelial tissue is highly specific to the urinary tract, and has high elasticity and trans-epithelial
electrical resistance.
Urothelium consists of approximately 3-5 cell layers, accompanied by a thick layer of protective
glycoprotein plaques at its luminal (apical) surface, and is classified as transitional epithelium.
3.Eczema
The term 'eczema' is used in two different ways. It can be used widely to describe any rash-like skin
conditions.Or it can be used to describe atopic dermatitis, a chronic skin condition that commonly
starts during infancy and continues through into childhood.Some people outgrow the condition
while some people will continue to have it into adulthood.The word "atopic" refers to a collection of
diseases involving the immune system, including atopic dermatitis, asthma, and hay fever.
4.dermatitis
Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin. Depending on the type of dermatitis, areas of skin may
become red and itchy with some acute attacks causing crusty scales or blisters that ooze fluid.
typically causes the skin to develop a pink or red rash, which usually itches. Pinpointing the exact
cause of contact dermatitis can be difficult. Contact dermatitis may be irritant or allergic. Common
chemical irritants include detergents, soaps, some synthetic fibres, nail polish remover, anti-
perspirants, and formaldehyde (found in non-iron fabrics, polishes, artificial-fingernail adhesive,
chipboard, and foam insulation). Some plants, in particular primula, chrysanthemums, daffodils and
tulips, irritate some people. Wearing rubber gloves, or nickel or cobalt in jewellery can cause contact
allergic dermatitis if the person is allergic to these substances. Both types of contact dermatitis may
be caused by cosmetics, perfumes, hair dyes,
5. psoriasis
Unpredictable and irritating, psoriasis is one of the most baffling and persistent of skin disorders.
It's characterized by skin cells that multiply up to 10 times faster than normal. As underlying
cells reach the skin's surface and die, their sheer volume causes raised, red plaques covered
with white scales. Psoriasis typically occurs on the knees, elbows, and scalp, and it can also
affect the torso, palms, and soles of the feet.
6.Vitiligo
Vitiligo (vit-ih-LIE-go) is a disease that causes the loss of skin color in blotches. The extent and rate of
color loss from vitiligo is unpredictable. It can affect the skin on any part of your body. It may also
affect hair and the inside of the mouth.
Normally, the color of hair and skin is determined by melanin. Vitiligo occurs when the cells that
produce melanin die or stop functioning. Vitiligo affects people of all skin types, but it may be more
noticeable in people with darker skin. The condition is not life-threatening or contagious. It can be
stressful or make you feel bad about yourself.
7. epithelioma.
Malignant neoplasia marked by the uncontrolled growth of cells, often with invasion of healthy
tissues locally or throughout the body. Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the U.S. after
cardiovascular disease. In 2006 the American Cancer Society (ACS) reported that 564,830 Americans
died of cancer and that twice that number were newly diagnosed with one form or another of the
disease. The most common cancers in the U.S. are lung, breast, colon, prostate, and skin. Because
most cancers occur in patients who are 65 or older, the incidence of cancer is expected to increase
as the population ages. More than 200 kinds of cancer have been identified. Cancers that arise from
epithelial tissues are called carcinomas; from mesenchymal tissues, sarcomas; from glial cells,
gliomas; from lymphatic cells, lymphomas; from blood.
8. epithelial hyperplasia
Sometimes epithelial hyperplasia is referred to as ‘intraductal breast hyperplasia’ or possibly ‘breast
hyperplasia of the usual type’. The lesion has also commonly been referred to as ‘epitheliosis’.
Sometimes epithelial hyperplasia has been referred to as papillomatosis as well.Breast epithelial
hyperplasia may occur within a duct, ductule, or a lobule. However, because there can be many
variations in presentation, likely due to the influence of various hormones, the distinction between
ductal and lobular epithelial hyperplasia can be quite subjective.
9.Lichen planus
Lichen planus is a chronic recurrent rash that is due to inflammation in the skin and mucous
membranes. The rash is characterized by small, flat-topped, many-sided (polygonal) bumps that can
grow together into rough, scaly plaques on the skin. There may also be a rash in the lining (mucous
membranes) of the mouth or vagina.
10. Basal cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma is a cancer that grows on parts of your skin that get a lot of sun. It's natural to
feel worried when your doctor tells you that you have it, but keep in mind that it's the least risky
type of skin cancer. As long as you catch it early, you can be cured. This cancer is unlikely to spread
from your skin to other parts of your body, but it can move nearby into bone or other tissue under
your skin. Several treatments can keep that from happening and get rid of the cancer.
