Integumentary System

Diseases And Disorders (Skin)

Diseases And Disorders (Skin)
 Acne

 Is one of the most common skin disorders. Commonly

located on the face, neck, shoulders, chest, and upper
back
 Breakouts on the skin composed of blackheads,
whiteheads, pimples, or deep, painful cysts and
nodules
 May leave scars or darken the skin if untreated
 Treatment
 This condition is simply treated by making use of
vitamin A
 You can use Benzoyl peroxide to counter effects of
bacteria.
 you can also use antibiotics to treat inflammation and
salicylic acid that helps unplug your skin pores
 Hives

 Itchy, raised welts that occur after exposure to an

allergen
 Red, warm, and mildly painful to the touch
 Can be small, round, and ring-shaped or large and
randomly shaped
 Hives are usually caused by an allergic reaction to
something that you have encountered or swallowed.
 People who are known to have allergies are more likely
to get hives.
 Treatment

Your doctor might suggest that you seek temporary

relief by:
 taking antihistamines, such as diphenhydramine or
cetirizine
 avoiding irritating the area
 avoiding hot water, which may aggravate the hives
 taking a cool or lukewarm bath with colloidal oatmeal
or baking soda
 Actinic Keratosis
 Typically less than 2 cm, or about the size of a pencil
eraser
 Thick, scaly, or crusty skin patch
 Appears on parts of the body that receive a lot of sun
exposure (hands, arms, face, scalp, and neck)
 Usually pink in color but can have a brown, tan, or gray
base
 Actinic keratoses usually develop in areas that’ve been
damaged by years of sun exposure. 
 Treatment
AK may be treated in the following ways:
Excision - involves cutting the lesion from the skin. Your doctor may choose
to remove extra tissue around or under the lesion if there are concerns
about skin cancer. Depending on the size of the incision, stitches may or
may not be needed.
Cauterization - the lesion is burned with an electric current. This kills the
affected skin cells.
Cryotherapy - also called cryosurgery, is a type of treatment in which the
lesion is sprayed with a cryosurgery solution, such as liquid nitrogen. This
freezes the cells upon contact and kills them. The lesion will scab over and
fall off within a few days after the procedure.
 Pototherapy - a solution is applied over the lesion and the affected skin. The
area is then exposed to intense laser light that targets and kills the cells.
Common solutions used in phototherapy include prescription medications,
such as aminolevulinic acid(Levulan Kerastick) and methyl aminolevulinate
cream (Metvix).
 Psoriasis
 Scaly, silvery, sharply defined skin patches
 Commonly located on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back
 May be itchy or asymptomatic
 Psoriasis is a chronic skin disorder. It’s considered an 
autoimmune disease. This means your immune system harms
your body instead of protecting
 Psoriasis can also cause symptoms of mental stress, anxiety,
and low self-esteem. Depressionis also common with people
who have psoriasis.
 Treatment
 The doctor will first recommend applying moisturizers to
keep the skin from becoming too dry or irritated. These
moisturizers include an over-the-counter (OTC) cortisone
cream or an ointment-based moisturizer.
Other treatments may include:
 vitamin D creams, such as calcipotriene (Dovonex) and
calcitrol (Rocaltrol) to reduce the rate that skin cells grow
 topical retinoids, to help reduce inflammation
 medication like tazarotene (Tazorac, Avage)
 applications of coal tar, either by cream, oil, or shampoo
 In some cases, you may need light therapy. This involves
exposing the skin to both UVA and UVB rays
 Cellulitis

 This condition is considered a medical emergency.

Urgent care may be required.
 Caused by bacteria or fungi entering through a crack or
cut in the skin
 Red, painful, swollen skin with or without oozing that
spreads quickly
 Hot and tender to the touch
 Fever, chills, and red streaking from the rash might be a
sign of serious infection requiring medical attention
 Treatment

 Your doctor will usually prescribe a 10- to 21-day

regimen of oral antibiotics to treat your cellulitis. The
length of your treatment with oral antibiotics will
depend o
 Your doctor may also prescribe pain relievers. n the
severity of your condition.
 You should rest until your symptoms improve. While
you rest, raise the affected limb higher than your heart
to reduce any swelling.
 Rosacea
 Chronic skin disease that goes through cycles of fading and
relapse
 Relapses may be triggered by spicy foods, alcoholic beverages,
sunlight, stress, and the intestinal bacteria Helicobacter pylori
 There are four subtypes of rosacea encompassing a wide
variety of symptoms
 Common symptoms include facial flushing, raised, red bumps,
facial redness, skin dryness, and skin sensitivity
 The cause of rosacea is still unknown, and there is no cure.
 Vitiligo
 Loss of pigment in the skin due to autoimmune destruction of the cells
that give skin its color
 Focal pattern: loss of skin color in only a few small areas that may
merge together
 Segmental pattern: depigmentation on one side of the body
 Premature graying of scalp and/or facial hair
 When you have vitiligo, the cells that are responsible for your skin color
are destroyed. These cells, called melanocytes, no longer produce skin
pigment, called melanin. Once the cells no longer produce melanin,
areas of your skin will lose color or turn white.
 Even though vitiligo can affect many different parts of the body, it’s not
contagious. A person with vitiligo can’t transmit it to someone else.
 Treatment
 You’ll usually need at least three months of treatment before you can see its
effects. Medical treatments include:

 Topical creams
 Psoralen and ultraviolet A (PUVA) therapy
 Narrow band UVB light
 Excimer laser treatment
 Depigmentation: 
 Surgical
Surgical options are available when medications and light therapy don’t work.
Your doctor can recommend surgical options if you have had no new or
worsening white patches in the last 12 months, and your vitiligo wasn’t caused
by sun damage.
 The types of surgery include:
 Skin grafting
 Melanocyte transplantsMicropigmentation
 Basal cell carcinoma
 Raised, firm, and pale areas that may resemble a scar
 Dome-like, pink or red, shiny, and pearly areas that may have a
sunk-in center, like a crater
 Visible blood vessels on the growth
 Easy bleeding or oozing wound that doesn't seem to heal, or
heals and then reappears
 a type of skin cancer that begins in the basal cells
 Skin cancers, including BCC, are primarily caused by long-term
sun or ultraviolet (UV) light exposure. These cancers can also be
caused by intense occasional exposure often resulting in
sunburn.-
 Treatment
 Treatment options include:
 Curettage and electrodessication
This procedure has a 95 percent success rate.
 Excisional surgery
This procedure has a 95 percent success rate.
 Mohs micrographic surgery
This procedure can save healthy tissue, and has the highest cure
rate at about 99 percent.
Cryosurgery is used for cancers that are thin and don’t extend
far into the skin. Your doctor can freeze and kill cancerous cells
with liquid nitrogen. This has a risk of nerve damage at the site,
which can result in loss of feeling.
 Ringworm
 Fungal infection that produces patchy scaling and
inflammatory response in the skin
 Eczema and dermatitis
 Inflammatory conditions of the skin caused by alergy,
infection, poor circulation, or exposure to chemical or
environmental factors
 Bacterial Infections
Impetigo
Small blisters containing pus(thick yellowish or greenish
opaque liquid produced in infected tissue, easily rupture to
form thick , yellowish crust; usually affects children

Decubitus ulcers(Bedsores or pressure sores)

Develop in people who are bedridden or confined to a
wheelchair; compression of tissue and reduced circulation
result in destruction of the subcutaneous tissue and skin, which
later become infected by bacteria, forming ulcers.
 Viral Infections
 Rubella (German measles)
 Skin lesions; usually mild viral disease contracted through the
respiratory tract; may be dangerous if contracted during
pregnancy because the virus can cross the placenta and damage
the fetus.
 Chicken pox
 Skin lesions; usually mild viral disease contracted through the
respiratory tract.
 Shingles
 Painful skin lesions that can recur when the dormant virus is
activated by trauma, stress or another illness; caused by the
chicken pox virus after childhood infection.

 Cold sores (Fever blisters)

 Skin lesions; caused by herpes simplex I virus; transmitted by oral
or respiratory routes; lesions recur

 Genital herpes
 Genital lesions; caused by herpes simplex II virus; transmitted by
sexual contact.
 Terminology
 Jaundice
 A yellowish skin color that occur when the liver
is damaged by a disease, such as a viral hepatitis
 Debridement
 The removal of dead tissue from the burn, helps
prevent infections by cleaning the wound and
removing tissue in which infections could
develop.
 Venous thrombosis
 The development of a clot in a vein, is another
complication of burns.
THANK YOU AND GODBLESS