WCDMA Handover Principle

and Relevant Parameters

 Page1

Foreword
• Why mobile systems need handover?
• It is decided by the characters of mobile system:
• The mobility of UE
• The mobile system is composed by cells which the coverage ability is
limited.
• Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the basic element
in QoS.
 Page2

Objectives
• Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
• Know the basic definitions of Handover
• The algorithms of handover decision
• The handover flow
• The parameters of handover
 Page3

Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
 Page4

Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
 Page5

The Purpose of Handover

• Providing the continuous service in mobile system is the
basic element in QoS
• The load balance: sharing the resource
• The hierarchy divided by speed and service: high
efficiency of using resource
 Page6

The Basic Concepts of Handover

• Active Set
maximum ratio combination
• Monitored Set

selection combination
• Detected set

The soft handover gain
• Radio Link (RL)
• Radio Link Set
CPICH
(RLS)
 Page7

The Categories of Handover

• According to the signaling characters
• Soft handover (softer handover)
• Hard handover

• According to the properties of source cell and target cell:

• Intra-frequency handover
• Inter-frequency handover

• Inter-RAT handover (UMTS ↔ GSM/GPRS)

• According to the purpose of handover:

• Based on Coverage

• Based on Noncoverage
 The Characters of Different Handover
• Comparison between soft handover and hard handover:

Item Soft Handover Hard Handover

The number of RLs in Several One
active set after handover

Interruption during No Yes

handover

The frequencies of cells Only happened Can be happened in Intra-

between Intra- frequency cells or Inter-frequency
frequency cells cells

Page8
The Characters of Different Handover
• Comparison between soft handover and softer handover :

Item Soft Handover Softer Handover

UL combination Signal combined in Signal combined in NodeB by
RNC by selective maximum ratio combination
combination

DL combination Signal combined in Signal combined in UE by

UE by maximum ratio maximum ratio combination
combination

Page9
Soft Handover
RNC

NodeB 2
NodeB 1
Cell A Cell B

Page10
Softer Handover
RNC

NodeB

Cell A
Cell B

Page11
Hard Handover
RNC

NodeB 1 NodeB 2

Cell A Cell B

Page12
 Three Steps of Handover
The following figure shows handover
procedure (measurement quality set to
PCPICH Ec/No)

Measure the CPICH Ec/N0 of the serving cell and

its neighboring cells as well as the relative time
difference between the cells Measurement phase

Measurement Decision

No
Are handover criteria satisfied? Decision phase

Yes
Execution

Perform a handover and update relative parameters Execution phase

Page13
 Page14

Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
 Page15

Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report
2.2 Measurement Phase
 Page16

Measurement Control

UE UTRAN

MEASUREMENT CONTROL

Measurement Control, normal case

 Page17

Measurement Report

UE UTRAN

MEASUREMENT REPORT

Measurement Control, normal case

 Page18

Contents
2. Measurement of Handover
2.1 Measurement Control and Measurement Report
2.2 Measurement Phase
 Page19

Measurement Model
parameters parameters

A Layer 1 B Layer 3 C D
Evaluation
filtering filtering
of reporting
C' criteria

• A is measurement value at the physical layer

• B is the measurement value after layer 1 filtering at physical layer. The
value goes from the physical layer to high layer
• C is measurement after processing in the layer3 filter
• C’ is another measurement value
• D is measurement report information sent on the radio interface or Iub
interface
 Page20

Measurement Quantity

• Ec/No
• CPICH signal quality

• RSCP
• CPICH signal level

• RSSI
• GSM cell signal level
 Page21

Measurement Quantity Configuration

• IntraFreqMeasQuantity
• Parameter name: Intra-frequency measure quantity

• The default value of this parameter is Ec/No

• InterFreqMeasQuantity
• Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure quantity

• The default value of this parameter is “Both”

• MeasQuantityOf3A
• Parameter name: 3A Measure Quantity

• The default value of this parameter is RSCP

 Page22

Layer 3 filtering

Fn = (1 − a ) ⋅ Fn −1 + a ⋅ M n

Where:
• Fn is the new measurement value after filtering.

• Fn-1 is the last measurement value after filtering.

• Mn is the latest measurement value from the physical layer.

• a = 1/2(k/2) (k is set to Intra-freq meas L3 filter coeff)

 Page23

Layer 3 filtering coefficient

• FilterCoef
• Parameter name: Intra-frequency measurement filter coefficient

• The default value of this parameter is D3

• InterFreqFilterCoef
• Parameter name: Inter-frequency measure filter coefficient

• The default value of this parameter is D3

• InterRATFilterCoef
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT filter coefficient

• The default value of this parameter is D3

 Page24

Measurement Report Mode

Periodic Report

Event Trigger Report

Event to Periodic Report
 Page25

Contents
1. Introduction of Handover
2. Measurement of Handover
3. The Basic Handovers
 Page26

Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
 Page27

Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
 Page28

Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

• Characters of Soft Handover
• During handover, UE has several RLs with different cells
• The handover among different cells which are in same RLS can be
softer handover
• Signals from each RL will be combined in UL and DL.
 Page29

Brief Introduction of Soft Handover

• Advantages
• Soft handover gain
• Decrease the possibility of call drop

• Disadvantages
• More resource needed in downlink
• it way cause side-effect
 Page30

Measurement of Soft Handover

• Measurement quantity
• CPICH RSCP
• CPICH Ec/No

• Reporting mode
• Periodic reporting
• Event trigger reporting
• Event trigger reporting to Periodic reporting

• Event type
• 1A,1B,1C,1D,1F
Soft Handover Measurement Events
Event Description

1A The PCPICH quality of the cells in the monitored set enters the reporting range .
This indicates that the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell . A
relative high combined gain can be achieved when the cell is added to the active
set

1B The PCPICH quality of the cells in the active set leaves the reporting range. This
indicates that quality of a cell is much worse than the quality of the best cell. The
cell should not stay in the active set

1C A non-active PCPICH becomes better than an active PCPICH. This indicates that
the quality of a cell is close to the quality of the best cell. In addition ,the number of
cells in the active set has reached the maximum value. The cell replaces the worst
cell in the active set ; thus achieving a higher combined gain

1D Event of the change of the best cell

Page31
The Trigger Algorithm of 1A Event

Event 1A is triggered on the basis of the following formula

 NA 
10 ⋅ LogM New + CIONew ≥ W ⋅10 ⋅ Log  ∑ M i  + (1 − W ) ⋅10 ⋅ LogM Best − ( R1a − H1a / 2),
 i =1 

Page32
 Page33

Example of 1A Event

A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set

B: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set
C: The 1A curve
 Page34

Key parameters of 1A Event

• INTRARELTHDFOR1ACS
• Parameter name: CS service 1A event relative threshold
• The default value of this parameter is 6 ( 3dB )
• INTRARELTHDFOR1APS
• Parameter name: PS service 1A event relative threshold
• The default value of this parameter is 6 ( 3dB )
 Page35

Key parameters of 1A Event

• HYSTFOR1A
• Parameter name: 1A event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 0( 0dB )
• TRIGTIME1A
• Parameter name: 1A event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms )
The Trigger Algorithm of 1B Event

Event 1B is triggered on the basis of the following formula

 NA 
10 ⋅ LogM Old + CIOOld ≤ W ⋅ 10 ⋅ Log  ∑ M i  + (1 − W ) ⋅ 10 ⋅ LogM Best − ( R1b + H 1b / 2),
 i =1 

Page36
 Page37

Example of 1B Event

A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set

B: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set
C: The 1B curve
 Page38

Key parameters of 1B Event

• INTRARELTHDFOR1BCS
• Parameter name: CS service 1B event relative threshold
• The default value of this parameter is 12 ( 6dB )
• INTRARELTHDFOR1BPS
• Parameter name: PS service 1B event relative threshold
• The default value of this parameter is 12 ( 6dB )
 Page39

Key parameters of 1B Event

• HYSTFOR1B
• Parameter name: 1B event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 0( 0dB )
• TRIGTIME1B
• Parameter name: 1B event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
 Page40

The Trigger Algorithm of 1C Event

Event 1C is triggered on the basis of the following formula

10 ⋅ LogM New + CIONew ≥ 10 ⋅ LogM InAS + CIOInAS + H1c / 2,

 Page41

Example of 1C Event

A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set

B: signal curve of a cell in the active set
C: signal curve of the worst cell in the active set
D: signal curve of a cell in the monitoring set
E: The 1C curve
 Page42

Key parameters of 1C Event

• HYSTFOR1C
• Parameter name: 1C event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 8( 4dB )
• TRIGTIME1C
• Parameter name: 1C event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
 Page43

The Trigger Algorithm of 1D Event

Event 1D is triggered on the basis of the following formula

10 ⋅ LogM New ≥ 10 ⋅ LogM InAS + H1c / 2,

 Page44

Example of 1D Event

A: signal curve of the best cell in the active set

B: signal curve of a cell in the active set or monitoring set
C: Th1D curve
 Page45

Key parameters of 1D Event

• HYSTFOR1D
• Parameter name: 1D event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 8( 4dB )
• TRIGTIME1D
• Parameter name: 1D event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 640ms )
 Page46

Other key parameters for SHO

• Weight
• Parameter name: Weighted factor

• The default value of this parameter is 0

• SHOQualmin
• Parameter name: Min quality THD for SHO

• The default value of this parameter is -24(-24 dB)

• CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
• Parameter name: Cell offset

• The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0dB )

 Page47

Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
 Page48

Brief Introduction of Intra-Frequency Handover

• Characters of Intra-Frequency Handover

• During handover, UE has only one RL with one cell
• Switch off the RL with the original cell, then setup the RL with target
cell
• The frequency of source cell and target cell are same
 Page49

Brief Introduction of Intra-Frequency Handover

• Advantages
• Enhance the usage efficiency of the OVSF code and hardware

• Disadvantages
• High call drop possibility because of the intra-frequency interference
 Page50

Key parameters of Intra-frequency Hard handover

• BEBITRATETHD
• Parameter name: BE service handover rate threshold
• The default value of this parameter is 384k
• The Parameters about 1D Event
• Time to trigger
• Hysteresis
 Page51

Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
 Page52

Brief Introduction of Inter-Frequency Handover

• Characters of Soft Handover
• The frequency of original cell and source cell are different
• There is only one RL for the UE
• The compressed mode is needed
 Page53

Compressed Mode
• Purpose
• Measure the inter-frequency cell or Inter-RAT cell under FDD mode

• Categories
• Downlink compressed mode
• Uplink compressed mode

• Realization Methods
• SF/2
• Higher layer scheduling
 Page54

Measurement of Inter-frequency Handover

• Measurement quantity
• CPICH RSCP
• CPICH Ec/No

• Reporting mode
• Periodic reporting
• Event trigger reporting
• Event trigger reporting to Periodic reporting

• Event type
• 2B,2C,2D,2F
Inter-frequency Handover Measurement Events
Event Description

2D When the current signal quality is lower than the preset threshold , the
UTRAN enables the compressed mode and starts inter-frequency
measurement

2F When the current signal quality is higher than the preset threshold, the
UTRAN disables the compressed mode and stops inter-frequency
measurement

2B When the current signal frequency is lower than the preset threshold and
the signal quality of an inter-frequency neighbouring cell is higher than
the preset threshold , the UTRAN trigger an inter-frequency handover
based on coverage

2C The estimated quality of a inter-frequency neighbor cell is higher than the

preset threshold

Page55
The Trigger Algorithm of 2D Event

Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula

QUsed ≤ TUsed 2d − H2d / 2

Page56
 Page57

Key parameters of of 2D Event

• InterFreqCSThd2DEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -14 dB
• InterFreqPSThd2DEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -14 dB
 Page58

Key parameters of of 2D Event

• InterFreqCSThd2DRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure start RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -95 dBm
• InterFreqPSThd2DRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure start RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -95 dBm
 Page59

Key parameters of 2D Event

• HYSTFOR2D
• Parameter name: 2D event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
• TRIGTIME2D
• Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D320 ( 320ms )
The Trigger Algorithm of 2F Event

Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula

QUsed ≥ TUsed 2 f + H 2 f / 2

Page60
 Page61

Key parameters of 2F Event

• InterFreqCSThd2FEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
• InterFreqPSThd2FEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure stop Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
 Page62

Key parameters of 2F Event

• InterFreqCSThd2FRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS measure stop RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
• InterFreqPSThd2FRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS measure stop RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
 Page63

Key parameters of 2F Event

• HYSTFOR2F
• Parameter name: 2F event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
• TRIGTIME2F
• Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D1280 ( 1280ms )
The Trigger Algorithm of 2B Event

Event 2B is triggered on the basis of the following formula

QNonused ≥ TNonused 2b + H2b / 2 , and QUsed ≤ TUsed 2b − H2b / 2

Page64
 Page65

Key parameters of 2B Event

• InterFreqCovHOCSThdEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
• InterFreqCovHOPSThdEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
 Page66

Key parameters of 2B Event

• InterFreqCovHOCSThdRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
• InterFreqCovHOPSThdRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS target frequency trigger RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
 Page67

Key parameters of 2B Event

• IFHOUsedFreqCSThdEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12dB
• IFHOUsedFreqPSThdEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 dB
 Page68

Key parameters of 2B Event

• IFHOUsedFreqCSThdRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -92dBm
• IFHOUsedFreqPSThdRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-freq PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -92 dBm
 Page69

Key parameters of 2B Event

• HYSTFOR2B
• Parameter name: 2B event hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 4( 2dB )
• TRIGTIME2B
• Parameter name: 2B event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D0 ( 0ms )
The Trigger Algorithm of 2C Event

Event 2C is triggered on the basis of the following formula

QNon used ≥ TNon used 2c + H 2c / 2

Page70
 Page71

Key parameters of 2C Event

• InterFreqNCovHOThdEcN0
• Parameter name: Inter-freq CS target frequency trigger Ec/No THD

• The default value of this parameter is -16 dB

• Hystfor2C
• Parameter name: 2C hysteresis

• The default value of this parameter is 6 (3dB)

• TrigTime2C
• Parameter name: 2C event trigger delay time

• The default value of this parameter is D640 (640ms)

 Page72

Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
 Page73

Brief Introduction of Inter-RAT Handover

• Characters of Inter-RAT Handover
• Based on handover directions, inter-RAT handover is of two
types:
• UMTS->GSM handover
• UMTS->GSM coverage-based handover
• UMTS->GSM load-based handover
• UMTS->GSM service-based handover
• GSM->UMTS handover
 Page74

Brief Introduction of Inter-RAT Handover

• Advantages
• For coverage, it can solve the problems from one system to
another system
• For capacity, it can enhance the utilizing efficiency of old
equipments(2G->3G)

• Disadvantages
• The flow is complicated, and it demands higher compatibility for
equipments
• Demands more complicated UE
 Page75

Measurement of Inter-RAT Handover

• Measurement quantity
• CPICH_Ec/N0
• CPICH_RSCP
• BOTH
• Reporting mode
• PERIODICAL_REPORTING
• EVENT_TRIGGER
• Event type
• 2D, 2F
• 3A, 3C
Inter-RAT Handover Measurement Events
Event Description

2D When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is lower than the preset
threshold, the RNC enables the compressed mode and starts inter-RAT
measurement.

2F When the signal quality of the currently used frequency is higher than the preset
threshold, the RNC disables the compressed mode and stops inter-RAT
measurement.

3A When the signal quality of the currently used UMTS frequency is lower than the
preset threshold while the signal quality of any other system is higher than the
preset threshold, the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on coverage.

3C When the signal quality of any other system is higher than the preset threshold,
the RNC triggers UMTS->GSM handover based on load or service.

Page76
The Trigger Algorithm of 2D Event

Event 2D is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

Q Used ≤ TUsed2d - H 2d / 2

Page77
 Page78

Key Parameters of 2D Event

• INTERRATCSTHD2DECNO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -14 ( -14 dB )
• INTERRATPSTHD2DECNO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -15 ( -15 dB )
 Page79

Key Parameters of 2D Event

• INTERRATCSTHD2DRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure start RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -100 ( -100 dBm )
• INTERRATPSTHD2DRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure start RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -110 (-110 dBm )
 Page80

Key Parameters of 2D Event

• HYSTFOR2D
• Parameter name: 2D hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
• TRIGTIME2D
• Parameter name: 2D event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D320 (320 ms )
The Trigger Algorithm of 2F Event

Event 2F is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

Q Used ≥ TUsed2f + H 2f / 2

Page81
 Page82

Key Parameters of 2F Event

• INTERRATCSTHD2FECNO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB )
• INTERRATPSTHD2FECNO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB )
 Page83

Key Parameters of 2F Event

• INTERRATCSTHD2FRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS measure stop RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm )
• INTERRATPSTHD2FRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS measure stop RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -107 (-107 dBm )
 Page84

Key Parameters of 2F Event

• HYSTFOR2F
• Parameter name: 2F hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
• TRIGTIME2F
• Parameter name: 2F event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D1280 (1280 ms )
The Trigger Algorithm of 3A Event

Event 3A is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

Q Used ≤ TUsed3a + H 3a / 2

M OtherRat + CIOOtherRat ≥ TOtherRat + H 3a / 2

Page85
 Page86

Key Parameters of 3A Event

• IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDECNO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -12 ( -12 dB )
• IRHOUSEDFREQPSTHDECNO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger Ec/No THD
• The default value of this parameter is -13 ( -13 dB )
 Page87

Key Parameters of 3A Event

• IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -97 ( -97 dBm )
• IRHOUSEDFREQCSTHDRSCP
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS Used frequency trigger RSCP THD
• The default value of this parameter is -107 (-107 dBm )
 Page88

Key Parameters of 3A Event

• INTERRATCOVHOCSTHD
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD
• The default value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm )
• INTERRATCOVHOPSTHD
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD
• The default value of this parameter is 16 ( -95 dBm )
 Page89

Key Parameters of 3A Event

• HYSTFOR3A
• Parameter name: 3A hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 4 ( 2 dB )
• TRIGTIME3A
• Parameter name: 3A event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D0 ( 0 ms )
 Page90

Key Parameters of 3A Event

• CELLINDIVIDALOFFSET
• Parameter name: Cell individual offset
• The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB )
The Trigger Algorithm of 3C Event

Event 3C is triggered on the basis of the following formula:

M OtherRat + CIOOtherRat ≥ TOtherRat + H 3c / 2

Page91
 Page92

Key Parameters of 3C Event

• INTERRATNCOVHOCSTHD
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT CS handover decision THD
• The default value of this parameter is 21 ( -90 dBm )
• INTERRATNCOVHOPSTHD
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT PS handover decision THD
• The default value of this parameter is 21 (-90 dBm )
 Page93

Key Parameters of 3C Event

• HYSTFOR3C
• Parameter name: 3C hysteresis
• The default value of this parameter is 0 ( 0 dB )
• TRIGTIME3C
• Parameter name: 3C event trigger delay time
• The default value of this parameter is D640 ( 650 ms )
 Page94

Key Parameters of 3C Event

• PENALTYTIMEFORINTERRATHO
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover failure penalty timer length
• The default value of this parameter is 30 ( 30 s )
• INTERRATHOATTEMPTS
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT handover max attempt times
• The default value of this parameter is 16
 Page95

Key Parameters of 3C Event

• INTERRATMEASTIME
• Parameter name: Inter-RAT measure timer length [s]
• The default value of this parameter is 60 ( 60 s )
 Page96

Contents
3. The Basic Handovers
3.1 Soft Handover
3.2 Intra-frequency Hard Handover
3.3 Inter-frequency Hard Handover
3.4 Inter-RAT Hard Handover
3.5 Blind Handover
 Page97

Blind Handover Measurement

• Blind handover means UE can directly handover to the
neighboring cell without measuring it.
 Page98

The Trigger Algorithm of 1F Event

• Where:
10 ⋅ LogM ≤T − H
Old 1f /2
1f

• MOld is the measurement value of the cell signal that becomes

worse
• T1f is the absolute threshold of event 1F.
• H1f is the hysteresis value of event 1F.
 Page99

The Trigger Algorithm of 1F Event

Measurement
Quantity

Cell 1

1F Trigger
Delay Time
Absolute
Threshold T1f
Hysteresis
H1f /2

Time
Reporting
event 1F
 Page100

Key Parameters of Event 1F

• INTRAABLTHDFOR1FECNO
• Parameter name: 1F event absolute EcNo threshold
• The recommended value is -24 dB

• INTRAABLTHDFOR1FRSCP
• Parameter name: 1F event absolute RSCP threshold
• The recommended value is -115 dBm
 Page101

Key Parameters of Event 1F

• HYSTFOR1F
• Parameter name: 1F hysteresis
• The recommended value is 8, namely 4 dB

• TRIGTIME1F
• Parameter name: 1F event trigger delay time
• The recommended value is D640, namely 640 ms
 Page102

Blind Handover Decision

• After receiving event 1F of best cell from UE, the RNC
would check if blind handover neighbor is configured for
the cell.
• If multiple blind handover neighbors are configured, the
RNC would perform blind handover to the target cell
with the highest priority
 Page103

Key Parameters of Blind Handover

• BLINDHOFLAG
• Parameter name: Blind handover flag
• The default value is FALSE

• BLINDHOPRIO
• Parameter name: Blind handover Priority
• The value is set according to actual situation.
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