Ampliación de Mecánica Teórica

pod

Primavera, 2002

d ∂L ∂L ~˙ = M JM t ∂H → M JM t = J
− =0, L=T −V X
dt ∂ ~q˙ ∂~q ∂X~
d
∂L Invariante integral dt I=0
p~ = , H = p~ · ~q˙ − L
∂ ~q˙ Z Z
∂ρ
∂H ∂H dH ∂H ∂L I(t) = · · · d~ p d~q ρ(~q, p~, t) ↔ + [ρ, H] = 0
~q˙ = , p~˙ = − , = =− ∂t
∂~
p ∂~
p dt ∂t ∂t Ωt

df ∂f  
= + [f, H] ∂S ∂S ∂S ~ = ∂S
dt ∂t + H ~q, ,t = 0 , p~ = , β
 t   ∂t ∂~q ∂~q ∂~
α
∂f ∂g ∂f ∂g ∂f ∂g
[f, g] = − = J
∂H 0
I
∂~q ∂~ p ∂~ p ∂~q ∂~x ∂~x
Jk (~
α) = pk (qk , α
~ )dqk , ~˙ =
ω ~
= ~ν (J)
ṗi = [pi , H] , q̇i = [qi , H] , [pi , qj ] = −δij ∂ J~
 
0 1 ∂H Variació nde las constantes H = H0 + λH1 , t.c S0
~x = (~q, p~) , J = , ~x˙ = J = [~x, H]
−1 0 ∂~x Z
∂H1
~ 1 (t) = − dt
α
∂β~
Transformaciones canónicas. H 0 = H + ∂F ∂t  2
∂ 2 H1 ~
Z 
∂ H1
  ~ 2 (t) = − dt
α ·α
~1 + ·β
p d~q − Hdt) − P~ dQ
(~ ~ − H 0 dt = dF ∂~α ∂β~ ∂β ~ ∂β~ 1
Z
~ ∂H1
1. F = F1 (q, Q, t): β1 (t) = dt
∂~
α
 2
∂ 2 H1
Z 
∂F1 ∂F 1 ~ ∂ H1 ~
p~ = , P~ = − β2 (t) = dt
~ ∂~
· β1 + ·α
~1
∂~q ∂Q~ ∂β α ∂~
α ∂~ α
Met.media
~ P~ :
2. F = F2 (q, P, t) − Q Z
1
∂F2 H 0 (α, β, t) ≈ hH1 (α, β, t)i = dt0 H1 (α, β, t0 )
p~ = , ~ = ∂F2
Q T0 T0
∂~q ∂ P~
Poincaré-Von Ziepel
3. F = ~qp~ + F3 (q, Q, t): Z D E
(1) ~ ≡ H1 (J)
~
E1 = H~0 = d~
ω0 H1 (J)
∂F3 ∂F3
~q = − , P~ = − [0,1]n
∂~q ~
∂Q
E 1  ∂S ∂ 2 H0 ∂S1
D 
~ 1
~ P~ + F4 (p, P, t):
4. F = ~qp~ − Q E2 = H2 (J, ω ~ 0) + · ·
2 ∂~ω0 ∂ J~ ∂ J~ ∂~ω0
 
∂F4 ~ = ∂F4 ∂H1 ∂S1
~q = − , Q + ·
∂~
p ∂ P~ ∂ J~ ∂~ ω0

1
 (1) ~
−1 X Hm ~ (J)
• λ1 6= λ2 ∈ R − {0}
S1 (~ ~ =
ω0 , J) e2πim·~
~ ω0
2πi ~
~ · ~ν0 (J)
m
m6
~ =0 – λ1 /λ2 > 0 nodo, parábola (λi > 0 ines-
table)
~ν = ~ν0 +  ∂[E1 ]J~ + 2 ∂[E2 ]J~ + · · ·
– λ1 /λ2 < 0 p. ensilladura, hiperbola
∂S1
J0 = J +  + ···
∂~
ω0 • λ1 = λ∗2 foco (α > 0 inestable, α = 0 centro)
∂S1
ω
~ = ω0 +  + ··· • λ1 = λ2 nodo.
∂ J~
~ ∂S1
(n = 1) E1 (J) = H1 (J, ω0 ) + ν0 (J)
∂ω0 Oscil. amónic (frec. $)
r r
• Taylor E = ∂S
H0 ( ∂~ ∂S
+ ··· J0 J0 $m
ω0 ) + H1 ( ∂~
ω0 , ω
~ 0) q= sin 2πω0 , p= cos 2πω0
π$m π
• Desenvol i E = H00 + H10 + · · · Z
X ~ ~~ ~
F = a~` e2πi`~ωt on a~` = e2πiβ ` dn ω~ F e−2πi`~ω
• Fourier Sm
~ [0,1]N
~
`
• Integrar ω
~ 0.

Twist Map

Jn+1 = Jn , ωn+1 = α(Jn+1 ) + ωn

Pertorb. H1

Jn+1 = Jn + f (Jn+1 , ωn )

ωn+1 = α(Jn+1 ) + ωn + g(Jn+1 , ωn )

Teor. adiabática

λ = λ(t) =⇒ ∆J = o(2 )

Sist. dinámicos ~x˙ = F (~x, t)

~k = cte , F~ = F~ (~x) ⇐⇒ F~ · −−→

grad = 0
Z Z
I(t) = · · · dN ~x ρ(~x, t) = cte ⇐⇒
Ω(t)

∂ρ h i
⇐⇒ + div ρ(~x, t)F~ (~x, t) = 0
∂t
Rectificat {xi } → {yi } tq yi = δ1i
X ∂Fk  X
Fk (~x) =  x l +o(~
x 2
) = akl xl , ~x˙ = A~x
∂xl ~x=~0
l l
X
λk = αk + iωk −→ xk = ckl eαl t cos(ωl t + ϕl )
l