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Essential Science 5º Fichas PDF
Essential Science 5º Fichas PDF
Worksheets
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Extension Worksheets
11 Living things ........................................... 30
12 Plants ..................................................... 32
13 Invertebrates........................................... 34
14 Vertebrates ............................................. 36
15 Nutrition ................................................. 38
16 Matter..................................................... 40
17 The atmosphere...................................... 42
18 The landscape ........................................ 44
19 Rivers ..................................................... 46
10 Population .............................................. 48
11 The economy .......................................... 50
12 Prehistory and Antiquity .......................... 52
13 The Middle Ages ..................................... 54
cytoplasm
nucleus
membrane
Animals
Plants
3. They have a nervous system
and sense organs.
G Y M N O S P E R M S
F L O W E R I N G O N
G E S P N W L K N I U
K C S H A D E V G S T
V F E R N S O L A T R
P R S O L T E G K U I
W U A O D E W X V R E
L I O T V M C K P E N
G T N S L E A V E S T
A N G I O S P E R M S
elaborated sap
carbon dioxide
leaf
oxygen
raw sap
roots
stem
water and
dissolved minerals
a b c
a b c
d e f
P R I M A T E S U A
L V D O L P H I N S
L P M N L M S L G E
I V L K S R L S U V
O E L E L E S P L L
N S A Y Z E B R A S
S S P S M S R F T M
C A R N I V O R E S
C E T A C E A N S A
a b
c d
b. What are the two types of carbohydrates? What do they give us?
c. From the pharynx, the air 3. the bronchi divide into bronchioles.
f. At the end of the bronchioles, 6. goes to the larynx and the trachea.
systemic circulation
pulmonary circulation
blood vessels capillaries
arteries veins
circulation
c. are the blood vessels which carry blood away from the heart.
d. are the blood vessels which carry blood into the heart.
a. What is mass?
b. What is volume?
c. What is density?
d. How do we calculate density?
4
3
2. Complete
the paragraph
on the water
cycle.
c. Ocean currents 3. are the rise and fall of the water’s surface.
a. What is magma?
b. What is lava?
5. Look for examples of the damage done by earthquakes or erosion in your area
or on the Internet. Describe what you see.
a. All the features of the Earth’s surface make up the geosphere / landscape.
b. Hills have a lower / higher altitude than mountains.
c. Several mountains grouped together are called a mountain range / chain.
d. A plateau is a plain at a low / high altitude.
B E A C H E S D P Q C
F U F L X E M C E D O
P D V I I S L A N D A
G U L F G T E P I F S
X V D F P U B E N X T
M A R S H A M G S G P
D B Z D W R N Q U B X
J K L B M Y F B L F F
A R C H I P E L A G O
W E
d. Reservoirs are 4. areas where all the rivers flow into the same sea.
158225P20
polar zone
polar zone
temperate zone
temperate zone
Equator
tropical zone
Atlantic mild
Continental
Mediterranean
Subtropical
a. What is flora?
b. What is fauna?
c. Investigate one of the National Parks in Europe and write about the climate, the
flora and the fauna there.
2. Classify these causes for migration. Add one more cause to each category:
Population density
More than 1,000,000
inhabitants
Between 500,000 and
1,000,000 inhabitants
Less than 500,000
inhabitants
158225P23
a b c
d e f
Primary sector
F B F I N T F M B C I
B E O M N B J E H A T
A G R I C U L T U R E
N B E N S I N A T N X Secondary sector industries
K D S I H M D L H F T
S F T N N S H O P S I
I N R G H A N L J M L
M N Y S C H O O L S E Service sector
R E S T A U R A N T S
H O S P I T A L S P L
• Colour the Phoenician colonies green, the Greek colonies red, and the
Carthaginian colonies blue. Label them.
a. More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the and
conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
b. The Romans called it .
c. The Carthaginians adopted Roman customs and spoke .
d. The emperors and were from Hispania.
e. After about 400 A.D., invaders entered the peninsula.
f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were founded by the Romans were
a b c
d e f
2. Answer the questions. Then complete the map of the Muslim conquest.
158225P28
1 2 3 4
d. Why are the 16th and 17th centuries called the Golden Age of Spain?
Bacteria en yoghurt
b. places f. illness
4. Write about ‘bad’ bacteria. Include information about problems caused by bad
bacteria and things we can do to protect ourselves.
5. Investigate.
The olive tree ◆ The olive is an evergreen tree which can live for a very long time.
It grows in dry, rocky places and is common in Mediterranean countries.
The trunk of the olive tree is thick and twisted. Its bark is silver-grey in colour.
Its leaves are narrow and pointed. They are dark green and smooth on top.
The flowers of the olive tree are cream
coloured and each flower has four petals
and four short stamens. The fruit of the olive
is like a berry. At first, it is green and then it
ripens and becomes black. The fruit has a
single brown seed inside.
The olive tree has been cultivated since
Antiquity. Olives are used to produce olive
oil and are also eaten as a snack or in
salads.
Habitat:
Trunk:
Bark:
Leaves:
Flowers:
Fruit:
Seeds:
Uses:
Trees and other plants have roots which are in the soil. They absorb water and
other substances from the soil through the roots. However, not all roots are the same.
Match the plant or tree with their roots. Discuss the answers with your group.
old oak trees eucalyptus trees mosses strawberry plants tubers water lilies
20,000 Leagues Under the Sea ◆ Jules Verne (1828-1905) was a French writer who
wrote about fantastic adventures. In his book 20,000 Leagues Under the Sea, he imagines an
enormous submarine which travels round the world. One of the people on the submarine –
Doctor Aronnax – is a famous scientist. His servant Conseil loves classifying all the animals
and plants under the sea. One day, the Doctor and Conseil are walking along the sea bed:
Conseil: Look, Doctor! White coral and sea anemones – members
of the cnidarian group of invertebrates!
Aronnax: I’m sure you’re right, Conseil. But there’s something different
over there – it’s an enormous, long worm!
Conseil: Yes, Doctor, there are different worms.
That one is a sea worm and then there’s the –
Aronnax: How beautiful those starfish are!
Can you see them?
Conseil: Oh, yes. They belong to the echinoderms.
Be careful, don’t put your hand on that!
It’s in the same group as the starfish,
but it’s covered with spines!
Aronnax: Ouch! Too late…
Conseil: Sorry, Doctor. Hey, look over here.
Our eight-legged friend, of the mollusc
group, the same as clams and snails…
Aronnax: And lobsters, like this one here…
Conseil: No, sir, this lobster is an arthropod.
Do you see its hard exoskeleton?
Aronnax: So we can’t see arthropods on land.
Conseil: Oh, yes we can! There are many types
of arthropod: insects, centipedes, arachnids…
Aronnax: I think you’re a better scientist than
me, Conseil!
Write short descriptions of three invertebrates. Give them to your partner who
guesses the names. Use the descriptions in Activity 3 to help you.
5. Investigate.
Animals at play ◆ It is hard to imagine an ant or a worm playing. On the other hand,
children and young animals, such as puppies and kittens, often play. In fact, most young
mammals spend a lot of time playing. Young chimpanzees chase each other around, young
badgers roll around on the ground, and ducklings splash about in the water. Mammals use
their intelligence and learn from experience. Children who do not play when they are very
young develop more slowly than children who play.
Why do animals play? There are many theories. Play makes muscles strong and develops
coordination. We can see this when chimpanzees jump from tree to tree and swing from
branches.
Play is also important for survival. In the wild, carnivores such as lions, must learn how to hunt
in order to survive. In their games, the young cubs ‘fight’ and jump on each other. This is
practice for when they must catch their prey in order to eat. We can see this type of behaviour
in kittens when they play with a ball of wool: they sometimes jump on it and shake it as if it
were a mouse. Herbivores, such as zebras, must learn about danger when they are young in
order to survive. In their games, they spend time running after each other; this is practice for
when a carnivore is trying to catch them.
Play is also important in establishing
communication. ‘Sociable’ mammals such as
humans and chimpanzees play in order to
decide who is more important in the group
and who is less important. When two puppies
play, they give out ‘signals’ to show that they
want to play and not to fight. For example,
they put the front part of their body on the
floor and wag their tails.
d. How do puppies show that they want to play and not to fight?
5. Investigate.
The heart ◆ Our heart plays an important part in our circulatory system. It works like a
pump and moves blood through the body. It never stops beating. When you are resting, your
heart beats between 60 and 80 times every minute. When you do exercise, or if you are very
anxious, the number of heartbeats can increase up to 200 a minute.
The heart is a muscle and, like all muscles, it needs exercise to keep it healthy. That is why it
is important to be active and play sports. We also need to eat the right foods to keep our heart
in good condition. Substances such as alcohol and tobacco can damage our hearts.
The heart is divided into two parts, left and right. In pulmonary
circulation, blood leaves the heart and goes to the lungs. In the
lungs, the blood absorbs oxygen and releases carbon dioxide.
Then the blood goes back to the heart through the pulmonary
veins. In systemic circulation, blood with oxygen from the lungs
leaves the heart through the aorta. This blood provides the body
with nutritive substances and oxygen. Finally, it returns to the heart
through the vena cava.
We cannot live without a heart. In the past, people with very
unhealthy hearts died. Then, in 1967, Doctor Christiaan Barnard
carried out the first human heart transplant. In this operation, the
healthy heart of someone who has died replaces the unhealthy
heart of another person. Since then, thousands of heart transplants
have been carried out. The first transplant patients did not live for
very long, but techniques and drugs improved and today transplant
patients are living for much longer.
a. Pulmonary circulation:
b. Systemic circulation:
We cannot measure our lung capacity directly, so we will use an indirect method.
Work in pairs. Measure your chest with a metric measuring tape.
a. Measure your chest at three different times: when you inhale normally, when you
exhale normally, when you inhale deeply. Record the results in the table.
Salt ◆ Salt is the common name for sodium chloride. Salt takes the form of transparent
cubic crystals. It is most familiar to us as a food supplement, but it has many other uses. For
example, salt is used in the chemical industry as a source of chlorine. (Chlorine is a green,
gaseous element which you can sometimes smell in the water of a swimming pool.) Salt is also
used for removing snow and ice from roads, softening water, preserving food and stabilising
soil for construction. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.
Rock salt is crystallised salt. It is the result of the evaporation of ancient oceans millions of
years ago. Sometimes, pressure from inside the Earth forces up large amounts of rock salt to
form salt domes.
Brine is water that contains a high concentration of salt. It comes
mainly from the sea. Salt is obtained when the water evaporates.
The simplest form of evaporation is solar evaporation. This can
only take place in hot, dry, sunny places. The brine is collected
into shallow ponds and allowed to evaporate in the Sun. The salt
which remains is washed and made into huge piles. The piles
are left to drain for two or three months.
Salt forms an important part of our diet. Salt for human
consumption must be very pure.
g. Pond: 7. mostly
The salt is made into piles which in the Sun for two to three
months. Some salt is used in food and other types of salt are used, for example,
in the industry.
Clouds ◆ Clouds are made up of millions of tiny water droplets. The droplets form when
water vapour rises into the atmosphere and cools down. If the cloud is extremely cold, it is
made up of ice crystals.
In 1803, a man called Luke Howard invented a way of classifying clouds. He used Latin words
to describe their characteristics, for example:
• cirrus means a filament or tuft (like a piece of hair)
• cumulus means a heap or pile
• stratus means a layer
• nimbus means carrying rain
Today, we usually refer to ten basic types of cloud. We use combinations of the four words
above to describe them. We can divide the ten types of cloud into three sections: low clouds,
medium clouds and high clouds.
• Low clouds have their base below 200 metres
from the ground. They are usually made up of
water droplets.
• Medium clouds have their base between
2,000 and 7,000 metres. They are mainly
water but they can contain ice crystals.
• High clouds have their base between 5,500
and 14,000 metres. They are normally made
up of ice crystals.
In our Solar System, any planet or moon with an
atmosphere also has clouds. Venus’s clouds are
made up of sulphuric acid droplets. Mars has high,
thin clouds of water ice.
Low clouds
2,000-7,000 metres
3. Draw clouds.
4. Investigate.
How clean is the rain in your neighbourhood? To find out, you need:
• a plastic bottle
• scissors
• coffee filter paper
a. Cut the bottle in half and reverse the top to make a funnel.
b. Put the filter paper in the funnel and put the bottle outside.
c. Examine the paper after it rains. What colour is it? How clean is your rain?
Landscape features
Man-made Natural
c. How can you build a flat motorway if there are hills, valleys and mountains?
Dear Editor,
Yours sincerely,
The Amazon ◆ The Amazon River runs 6,400 kilometres from the Andes mountains to
the sea. It is the longest river in the world after the Nile. The Amazon is the largest river in
terms of its watershed, the number of tributaries (over 200), and the volume of water which it
discharges into the sea. The Amazon basin is huge: it covers more than 7,050,000 square
kilometres. The mouth of the Amazon is so wide and deep that large, ocean-going ships have
navigated its waters and have travelled as far as two-thirds of the way up the river. In the flood
season, the Amazon widens and covers its banks and the islands in the middle of the river.
The sediment left by the floods enriches the soil.
There are no bridges across the Amazon
because it flows mostly through tropical
rainforest where there are few roads and
cities. The tropical rainforests are home
to more than a third of all the species in
the world. It is home to wonderful
animals such as the jaguar, the largest
cat outside of Africa and Asia, and the
anaconda, an enormous, heavy snake.
The rainforests are in danger from over-
exploitation and pollution.
Continent:
Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador, Bolivia
Length:
Number of tributaries:
Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes Mountains in Peru
Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil
Other information:
4. Investigate.
Find out about another river and complete information. Add an illustration.
River:
Continent:
Countries:
Length:
Number of tributaries:
Source:
Mouth:
Other information:
An interview ◆ Juan is 32. He comes from a small village in Spain but now he lives
in Madrid. A reporter is interviewing him for a newspaper article about population in Spain.
Reporter: How long have you lived in Madrid, Juan?
Juan: Just over ten years.
Reporter: Why did you leave your village?
Juan: All the young people were leaving. There was
no work except in agriculture and I didn’t want
to do that.
Reporter: What do you do now?
Juan: I work for a telecommunications company.
Reporter: Do you miss your village?
Juan: Yes, I miss my family. On the other hand,
Madrid has a lot of advantages: good entertainment,
services, people from different countries….
Reporter: Are there any bad things about living in
the city?
Juan: Of course. Everyone’s in a hurry, it’s noisy –
and it’s expensive!
Reporter: Will you go back to live in your village?
Juan: Maybe when I’m old I’ll go back, but not now.
I have a job here, I’m learning new things and I’m
making new friends.
Reporter: You say that many young people left your
village. Do you think it will disappear?
Juan: I hope not. Actually, some city people are
beginning to buy houses there now. They say it’s
healthier than the city… so maybe things are changing.
f. Does Juan think his village will disappear in the future? Why? / Why not?
3. Write I agree. or I disagree. next to these sentences. If you disagree, explain why.
4. Investigate.
Tourism in Spain ◆ The tourist industry in Spain is very important. It provides a lot of jobs
in the service sector – in hotels, restaurants and bars. It also creates work in the area of
transport. Most tourists visit Spain’s coasts. They come to relax on the beaches in the Sun.
Some tourists travel inland to the mountains or visit cities such as Barcelona or Salamanca.
Many tourists come from abroad, but Spanish people also take holidays in their own country.
A good transport system is essential for successful tourism. In Spain, there are airports in
most of the major cities and good rail and road systems. In the cities, there is quick, inexpensive
underground transport.
A lot of people depend on tourism for
employment. Today, there is competition from
other countries which want to attract tourism.
Some of these countries are cheaper than
Spain and some are less exploited – they have
not yet built too many holiday resorts. Some
Spanish resorts are half-empty in the winter
months, so income from tourism decreases.
The decline of agriculture in Spain is also partly
connected with tourism. Land previously used
in agriculture has been used for building tourist
apartments and hotels. This could be a bad
thing. If tourist numbers fall, many apartments
will stay empty and it will be too late to use the
land for agriculture.
a. waitress f. fisherman
b. coach driver g. lawyer
c. engineer h. cook
d. tour guide i. nurse
e. cleaner j. journalist
Use these questions to help you: How important is tourism in your area? What do
tourists visit? Where do they stay? Does anyone you know work in the tourist
industry? What do they do? Would you like to work in the tourist industry? Why (not)?
Digging up the past ◆ Eva is a student. Last summer, she spent part of her summer
holidays working on a ‘dig’ (or archaeological excavation). Her favourite subject is History and
she loves finding things which bring the past to life.
The site where Eva worked last summer is near Alicante. The government had started to build
a new road. Then, one of the excavating machines uncovered some old stones. These stones
were ruins which belonged to a very old building. The government stopped building the road
and put up a fence to protect the area. Archaeologists came with helpers such as Eva.
Carefully, they began to take away the earth and slowly the remains of ancient civilisations
began to emerge.
‘It’s very interesting,’ says Eva. ‘The first layer looks like the remains of a Roman villa or bath
house. But under that, we found objects from earlier periods. There are fish hooks and other
tools. They are probably from the
Phoenician or Carthaginian civilisations.
We also found some pots and jewellery
which are definitely from Iberian times:
some of the decoration is like that on the
Lady of Elche. I hope the government
doesn’t start building the road again. This
is a very important site. It can teach us a
lot about the people who lived here before
us and their way of life. Who knows? If
we continue to dig, we could find
something from prehistoric times.’
Civilization Discoveries
Iberian Iberian
Carthaginian and
4. Write a letter.
Imagine that you are working on a dig. Write a short letter to your English pen pal
about your experience. Use these questions to help you.
Where was the dig? What ruins did you find there? What objects did you find?
Which civilisations are they from? How do you feel about your discoveries?
Dear ,
I am writing to tell you about the dig where I worked this summer. It was in / near
Best wishes,
Thomas Aquinas ◆ Thomas Aquinas was born in his father’s castle in Italy in 1227. His
father was Count Landulf, an important nobleman. When he was five years old, Thomas began
his education at a monastery. At that time, monasteries were important centres of learning
and knowledge. They had schools and libraries. This was before the age of printed books (the
printing press was invented in about 1450) so the books which Thomas studied were made by
hand. The scribes copied manuscripts onto parchment and decorated them with illustrations
and very thin layers of gold.
Thomas was an intelligent student and was always asking
questions. In 1244, he went to study in Cologne in Germany.
After that, he continued his studies at the University in Paris.
Classes there consisted of reading and explaining texts.
Examinations were oral. Thomas eventually became a university
professor. He taught theology in different European cities. He
worked very hard and spent a lot of time travelling. On one of
his journeys, he became ill. He was taken to a monastery in
Italy where he died in 1274.
Thomas was a great philosopher and theologian. He wrote
many important works. He tried to explain his ideas clearly and
simply.
In 1323, Pope John XXII made Thomas a saint of the Catholic
Church. Today, the Roman Catholic Church celebrates the
feast of Saint Thomas Aquinas on January 28th. This is the
publication date of his most famous work, Summa Theologica.
a. A nobleman:
b. A machine for making books:
c. Someone who writes books by hand:
d. A type of paper made from animal skin:
e. A university teacher:
f. A subject which is about religion:
g. A person who studies the meaning of life:
h. Someone who is very special in the eyes of the Church:
4. Write a biography.
b. The primary sector includes (3) fishing and forestry. 3. Complete the sentences about Roman times. You can
c. In the secondary sector (4) natural resources are use some of these words.
transformed. a. More than 2,000 years ago, the Romans defeated the
d. The service sector (2) is also called the tertiary sector. Carthagians and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.
e. Schools and tourism are (5) in the service sector. b. The Romans called it Hispania.
f. The inactive population includes (1) people who work c. The Carthaginians adopted Roman customs and spoke
but receive no money. Latin.
d. The emperors Trajan and Hadrian were from Hispania.
2. Classify these means of transport.
e. After about 400 A.D., Visigoth invaders entered the
Private transport: a. bicycle, c. car, e. motorcycle.
peninsula.
Public transport: b. bus, d. train, f. underground.
f. Five cities on the Iberian Peninsula which were
3. Find 11 words in the wordsearch and classify them. founded by the Romans were Lugo, Zaragoza,
Tarragona, Sagunto, Mérida.
Across: agriculture, shops, schools, restaurants,
hospitals. 4. Identify these examples of Roman architecture.
Down: banks, forestry, mining, metal, car, textiles. a. temple; b. theatre; c. circus; d. aqueduct; e. forum;
Primary sector: agriculture, forestry, mining. f. road.
Secondary sector / industries: metal, car, textiles.
Service sector: shops, banks, schools, restaurants,
hospitals.
UNIT 13: THE MIDDLE AGES
2. Read the text and tick the correct statements about why 2. Answer the questions
animals play. a. Transparent cubic crystals.
Correct statements: b, c, d, e. b. In food.
3. Answer the questions. c. Salt is also used to obtain chlorine, to remove snow and
ice from roads, to soften water, to preserve food and to
a. To develop strength and coordination.
stabilise soil.
b. To learn how to hunt their prey.
d. Salt is obtained from two sources: rock salt and brine.
c. To develop survival techniques. e. Brine is collected into shallow ponds. Through solar
d. They put the front part of their bodies on the floor and evaporation the water evaporates and the salt remains.
wag their tails.
3. Complete the text using these words.
4. Complete the sentences with and, but or because.
Brine is a mixture of salt and water. The salt is separated
a. Ants and worms probably do not play, but we cannot be from the water by the process of evaporation. In hot
sure. countries, the Sun is used in this process. The brine is
b. Children play to learn and improve their coordination. usually collected from the sea. It is left in small, shallow
c. Lion cubs must fight because they have to kill in order ponds for a period of time.
to survive. The Sun acts on the brine and evaporation takes place.
d. Zebras must learn to escape because other animals The water gradually disappears and soon only the salt
want to kill them. remains. This salt contains some impurities, and it must be
washed several times. The salt is made into piles which dry
e. Dogs like running after sticks and playing with other
in the Sun for two to three months. Some salt is used in
animals.
food, and other types of salt are used, for example, in the
5. Investigate. Open answer. chemical industry.
1. Answer the questions. 1. True (T) or false (F)? Correct the false sentences.
a. They are made up of millions of tiny water droplets. True sentences: b, f, g, h.
b. Clouds form when water vapour rises into the Corrected false sentences:
atmosphere and cools down. a. The Nile is the longest river in the world.
c. He invented a way of classifying clouds. In 1803. c. The Amazon basin is huge.
d. There are ten types. d. It is possible for large ships to sail two-thirds of the way
e. Model answer. They look like pieces of cotton. up the Amazon.
e. The Amazon is wider in the flood season.
2. Complete the table.
Distance from
2. Complete the information about the Amazon.
Type of cloud Composition
the ground Continent: America
low clouds 200 metres water droplets Countries: Peru, Colombia, Brazil, Venezuela, Ecuador,
mainly water Bolivia
2,000 –
medium clouds droplets, can contain Length: 6,400 kilometres
7,000 metres
ice crystals
Number of tributaries: over 200
5,000 –
high clouds ice crystals Source: Lago Villafro in the Andes mountains in Peru
14,000 metres
Mouth: Atlantic Ocean, Brazil
3. Draw clouds. Other information: it runs through rich tropical
rainforests
a. Which type of cloud do you think this is? Model answer:
I think these clouds are cumulus clouds. 3. Use the information in Activity 2 to write a paragraph
b. Can you draw another cloud? Open answer. about the Amazon.