كورس ساب 14 PDF

‫ﺷﺮح ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﺎب ‪(Sap 2000 ver.
14) 2000‬‬
‫‪SAP 2000 ver. 14‬‬

‫‪Structural Analysis Program= SAP‬‬
‫ﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ھﺬا اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻣﻦ أﻓﻀﻞ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ ﻓﻲ ﻣﺠﺎل ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﯿﺔ وأﻛﺜﺮھﺎ‬
‫اﻧﺘﺸﺎرا ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻢ ‪،‬وھﻮ ﻣﻦ اﻧﺘﺎج ﺷﺮﻛﺔ ‪ CSI‬ﻓﻰ ﻛﺎﻟﯿﻔﻮرﻧﯿﺎ‬
‫وﻳﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ أرﻗﻰ اﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﺠﺎل ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻟﺘﻌﺎﻣﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻤﺪﺧﻼت‬
‫واﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت ﻓﻰ ﺑﯿﺌﺔ رﺳﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﺳﮫﻠﺔ واﻣﺮار اﻟﮫﯿﻜﻞ اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂت ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫اﻟﺮﺳﻢ )‪ (AutoCAD‬وإﻣﺮار اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻟﺒﺮاﻣﺞ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ Excel‬وﻏﯿﺮه ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮاﻣﺞ‬
‫ﻗﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﺒﯿﺎﻧﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪structures elements‬‬
‫‪solid elements‬‬ ‫‪Area elements‬‬ ‫‪Frame elements‬‬
‫‪Dams‬‬ ‫‪Frames‬‬
‫‪slabs‬‬
‫‪Beams‬‬
‫‪weirs‬‬
‫‪shells & domes‬‬
‫‪Trusses‬‬
‫‪large mass str.‬‬
‫‪foundation‬‬
‫‪Arch girders‬‬
‫‪R.c. Retaining walls‬‬
‫‪Solid element‬‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﻢ ﯾﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ أﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ‬ ‫‪Frame element‬‬
‫أرﺑﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬ ‫‪Area element‬‬ ‫ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺧﻄﻰ ﯾﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺳﻄﺢ ﯾﺼﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ أو أرﺑﻊ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬ ‫‪End j‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪End i‬‬
‫]‬
‫إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس‪ /‬ﻣﺤﻤﻮد زﻏﻠﻞ‪ -‬ﻣﺪرس ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ‪ -‬ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ –ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺰﻗﺎزﯾﻖ –ﻣﺼﺮ ‪eng_m_z@yahoo.com‬‬
‫ﺷﺮح ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﺎب ‪(Sap 2000 ver. 14) 2000‬‬
‫‪Examples using frame elements‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪2-D‬‬

‫‪5t‬‬ ‫)‪ plane analysis (x-z‬ﻣﺜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪3t‬‬ ‫‪frames‬‬
‫‪supports‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5 t/m‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪Beams‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬

‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪truss‬‬
‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ ‪frame elements‬‬
‫]‬
(Sap 2000 ver. 14) 2000 ‫ﺷﺮح ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﺎب‬
Examples using frame and area elements
2-D ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ‬

: ‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬plane analysis (x-y)
Beam
Flat slab Beam

(Area Element) solid slab solid slab Beam
(area element) (area element)
Beam (frame element)
cone (slab)
posts
(frame elements)
3D ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ‬

shell :‫ ﻣﺜﻞ‬space analysis
(area elements)
shaft
Columns
(frame elements)
beam
beam
Raft foundation
Reinforced concrete Retaining walls
frame elements ‫ﺗﺘﻜﻮن ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت ﻣﻦ أﻋﻤﺪة وﻛﻤﺮات ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ‬
area elements ‫واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت واﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ﺗﻮﺻﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ إﻧﮭﺎ‬
]
eng_m_z@yahoo.com ‫ ﻛﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﮭﻨﺪﺳﺔ –ﺟﺎﻣﻌﺔ اﻟﺰﻗﺎزﯾﻖ –ﻣﺼﺮ‬-‫ ﻣﺪرس ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪ ﺑﻘﺴﻢ اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻻﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ‬-‫ ﻣﺤﻤﻮد زﻏﻠﻞ‬/‫إﻋﺪاد اﻟﻤﮭﻨﺪس‬
‫ﻗﻮاﺋﻢ اﻷواﻣﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ أﺷﺮﻃﺔ‬
‫أدوات ﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻒ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺨﺮوج ﻣﻦ‬
‫أﻣﺮ رﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻟﺘﻘﺎط اﻟﻨﻘﻂ‬
‫‪osnap‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫‪frame‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪elements‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬

‫ﺸﺎﺸﺘﻴﻥ ﻟﺘﻭﺼﻴﻑ ﺍﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫‪Area‬‬
‫‪elements‬‬
‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬

‫‪z‬‬ ‫‪Types of Axes:‬‬

‫‪y‬‬
‫ھﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻛﻠﮫ‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫‪global axis‬‬
‫وﻻ ﺗﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ‪(XYZ) .‬‬
‫ھﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪local axis‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪه‪.‬‬
‫أﺑﯿﺾ‬
‫اﺣﻤﺮ‬
‫‪z‬‬
‫‪y‬‬
‫‪x‬‬ ‫ازرق‬
‫‪global axis x-y-z‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮫﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷول ﻳﺼﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ‪ ,‬واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﻪ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ واﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﻣﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮﻳﮫﻤﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫وﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﯿﺴﺮى ‪:‬‬

‫اﻟﻮﺳﻄﻲ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷول واﻟﺴﺒﺎﺑﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻧﻲ وﻳﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻮر‬
‫اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻹﺑﮫﺎم ‪.‬‬
‫‪(local‬‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﮫﻢ ﻣﻌﺮﻓﺔ أن ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ‬ ‫•‬
‫ﻳﻜﻮن ﻟﮫﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﺳﺘﺔ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ھﻰ ‪:‬‬ ‫‪frame elements‬‬ ‫اى أن‬ ‫)‪axis‬‬
‫‪1-‬‬ ‫)‪Axial force (tension +ve) , (comp. -ve‬‬
‫‪2-‬‬ ‫)‪Shear 2-2 (force in direction of local axis 2‬‬
‫‪3-‬‬ ‫)‪Shear 3-3 force in direction of local axis 3‬‬
‫‪4-‬‬ ‫)‪Torsion (moment about local axis 1‬‬
‫‪5-‬‬ ‫)‪M2-2 (moment about local axis 2‬‬
‫‪6-‬‬ ‫)‪M3-3 (moment about local axis 3‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ‪(X-Z) plane:‬‬

‫‪Beams,frames,trusses,Arch girders,…etc‬‬
‫أ‪-‬ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫‪ -1‬إﻧﺸﺎء ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ )‪.(grid lines‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاد و اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬

‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪاﻣﮫﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﮫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬وﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ )‪(supports‬‬
‫‪ -6‬وﺿﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ joint loads‬أو‬

‫‪frame loads‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ‬
‫ب‪ -‬ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ )‪(Analysis - run‬‬
‫ج ‪ -‬إﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫‪-1‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‪:‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﻗﺒﻞ أي ﺷﻲء ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات إﻟﻰ )‪ (ton-m-c‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﺸﺮﻳﻂ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬
‫‪file‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪→new model‬‬
‫أو ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻷدوات‬

‫ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻟﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‬ ‫ﺗﻈﮫﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﺑﮫﺎ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت اﻟﺠﺎھﺰة اﻟﺘﻰ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫اﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﮫﺎ ﻓﯿﻤﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﻠﻒ ﻓﺎرغ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪grids‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺗﻈﮫﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ‪ grids‬ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﮫﺎ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت‬
‫ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﻳﺔ ﻓﻲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت‬
‫‪ x‬أو ‪ y‬أو ‪Z‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪y‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪z‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪y‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪z‬‬
‫أول ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟـ ‪X‬‬

‫أول ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟـ ‪Y‬‬
‫أول ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟـ ‪Z‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻓﻰ اﻏﻠﺐ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎت ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻨﻀﻊ ﻋﺪد ‪ grids‬ﻳﺴﺎوى‬
‫أﺻﻔﺎر‪ ,‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺗﻌــﺪﻳﻞ ﺧﻄـﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜـﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺣﺴـﺐ اﻟﻤـﻄﻠﻮب ﺑﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ right click‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﻓﻲ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪ Edit grid data‬ﻓﺘﻈﮫﺮ‬
‫ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﮫﺎ ‪Modify/ show system‬‬
‫ﻓﺘﻈﮭﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻧﻘﻮم ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل أﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻼزﻣﺔ ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫** ﯾﻤﻜﻦ إدﺧﺎل ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﺈدﺧﺎل اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ ‪ spacing‬وﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﯾﺘﻢ إدﺧﺎل ﻛﻞ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت وﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﻘﯿﻤﺔ ﺻﻔﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫** ﻛﻤﺎ اﻧﻪ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ إدﺧﺎل اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻮﺿﻊ إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت ﻣﻘﺎﺳﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻷﺻﻞ ‪ ordinates‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﺧﻂ‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻄﻠﻮب ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫* ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺬي ﺳﯿﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﯿﻪ وھﻮ ھﻨﺎ ‪x-z‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Define →Materials‬‬
‫وﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺪﯾﻞ اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة وھﻰ أﺳﻤﮭﺎ ‪ 4000psi‬وھﻰ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻨﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ أﺳﻢ‬
‫‪ concrete‬وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺘﮭﺎ ‪ fc' = 0.8 fcu‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻌﺎﯾﺮ اﻟﻤﺮوﻧﺔ ﯾﺴﺎوى‬
‫‪ Ec=14000 √fcu‬وھﻰ ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎد ﻛﺠﻢ وﺳﻢ وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ إﻟﻰ ﻃﻦ وﻣﺘﺮ ﻹدﺧﺎﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻀﺮﺑﮭﺎ *‪ 10‬واﻟﯿﻜﻢ ﻣﺜﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪fcu=250 kg/cm2‬‬
‫أﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪2.5 t/m3‬‬
‫‪ = 0.2‬ﻧﺴﺒﺔ اﻻﻧﻔﻌﺎل اﻟﻌﺮﺿﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻼﻧﻔﻌﺎل اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ‬
‫‪fc' = 0.8 fcu‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻧﻌﺪل ‪ Modify‬اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وھﻰ ‪ A992Fy50‬وﻧﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ أﺳﻢ ‪Steel‬‬
‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪7.849 t/m3‬‬
‫‪E steel‬‬
‫‪Fyield‬‬
‫‪Fultimate‬‬
‫‪1.1*Fyield‬‬
‫‪1.1*Fultimate‬‬
‫وﻧﻀﯿﻒ ‪ Add new Material‬ﻟﻤﺎدة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات‬

‫واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ Rebar‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻮع ‪Rebar‬‬
‫ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ‪4000psi‬‬
‫ﺣﺪﯾﺪ ‪A992Fy50‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪St. 36/52‬‬
‫ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺎدة‬
‫ﻛﺜﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫‪7.849 t/m3‬‬
‫‪E steel=2e7 t/m2‬‬
‫‪Fyield =36000 t/m2‬‬

‫‪Fultimate =52000 t/m2‬‬
‫‪1.1*Fyield‬‬
‫‪1.1*Fultimate‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع ‪ Frame elements‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Define‬‬ ‫‪→ section properties→frame section‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﯿﺮاد ﻗﻄﺎع ﺟﺎھﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ وﯾﺼﻠﺢ‬

‫ﻟﻠـ ‪steel‬‬
‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻄﺎع ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎده وﯾﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ‪ add new property‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻓﺘﻈﮭﺮ أﺷﻜﺎل اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺎ ﻧﺮﯾﺪ ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻨﺎ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت ‪ steel‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺼﮭﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﻟﻤﺎدة ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع وﻧﺨﺘﺎرﻧﻮع ﻣﺎدﺗﮫ‬
‫]‬
‫‪ -5‬رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ )‪(frame elements‬ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪ grids‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬

‫ﻋﻤﻠﮫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Draw‬‬
‫أوﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻷدوات اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪grid line‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪ bracing‬ﻓﻰ ﺑﺎﻛﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة‬

‫ﺑﺄرﺑﻌﺔ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻣﻦ ‪. grid lines‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪ secondary beams‬ﻓﻰ ﺑﺎﻛﯿﺔ‬

‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻜﻤﺮات رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻈﮫﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﮫﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

‫اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻤﻪ‬
‫]‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ‪ supports‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign → joint → Restraint‬‬

‫أو ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻷدوات اﻟﺴﺮﻳﻊ‬
‫‪-7‬وﺿﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ‪:‬‬
‫‪types of loads‬‬
‫‪Area loads‬‬ ‫‪frame loads‬‬ ‫‪joint loads‬‬
‫‪1- joint loads‬‬

‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪My Y‬‬
‫‪Px‬‬ ‫‪Pz‬‬
‫‪Mz‬‬
‫‪Mx x‬‬ ‫‪Py‬‬

‫‪Moments‬‬ ‫‪Forces‬‬
‫‪Settlement of supports‬‬
‫]‬
‫* وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﺎ ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ , Assign‬أو ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻷدوات‬ ‫‪→joint loads→forces‬‬
‫‪→displacements‬‬
‫‪-‬ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
‫‪-‬ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫‪-‬ﻹﻟﻐﺎء اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺣﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻻﺳﺘﺒﺪال اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻹﻟﻐﺎء اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‬
‫‪2- Frame loads:‬‬
‫‪Point loads‬‬ ‫‪Distributed loads‬‬

‫‪P‬‬
‫‪M‬‬
‫‪Uniform load‬‬ ‫‪trapezoidal load‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ frame element‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign‬‬ ‫‪→frame loads→ point load‬‬
‫‪→ Distributed load‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬

‫* ﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻗﻮى أو ﻋﺰوم ﻣﺮﻛﺰة‬
‫* ﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮزع‬
‫ﻣﻮزع‬
‫ﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﻓﻰ درﺟﺔ اﻟﺤﺮارة‬
‫‪Axis-2‬‬
‫‪Axis-1‬‬
‫‪Axis-2‬‬
‫‪local axes of frames‬‬

‫‪Z‬‬ ‫‪Axis-1‬‬
‫‪Global axis‬‬ ‫ﻗﻮة ﻣﺮﻛﺰة‬ ‫ﻋﺰم ﻣﺮﻛﺰ‬

‫‪X‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﺎم أﻹﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل‬ ‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ ﻣﻘﺎس ﻣﻦ‬

‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻘﺎس ﻣﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ‬
‫]‬
‫* ﻻﺣﻆ أن )‪ (gravity‬ﺗﻌﻨﻰ )‪(–Z‬‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ روؤس ﺣﻤﻞ‬

‫ﻣﺜﻠﺚ أو ﺷﺒﻪ ﻣﻨﺤﺮف‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺘﻈﻢ‬
‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ ‪ Horizontal projection‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ projected‬ﻣﻦ اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﺤﻤﻞ‪.‬‬
‫‪File → Save‬‬ ‫‪ -8‬ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫‪ -9‬ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Analyze → run analysis‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ اﻷواﻣﺮ‬

‫أو ﺿﻐﻂ ﻣﻔﺘﺎح ‪ F5‬ﻣﻦ ﻟﻮﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ‬
‫]‬
‫‪ -10‬إﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ‪:‬‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Display‬‬
‫‪deformed shape‬‬
‫‪ok‬‬ ‫‪cancel‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪frame elements‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫إﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺪون ﻗﯿﻢ‬
‫إﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ‪:‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺮﺳﻢ ‪ shear2-2 , shear3-3‬ﻣﻘﻠﻮب ﻓﯿﺠﺐ وﺿﻊ ‪scale factor =-ve‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪Auto‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Example:‬‬
‫‪5 ton‬‬
‫‪5 t/m‬‬
‫‪3 ton‬‬
‫‪t/m‬‬
‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪5 t/m‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪5 ton‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫‪z‬‬
‫‪x‬‬
‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪All sections 30x100 cm , CROSS SECTION AT BOTTOM =30X60‬‬

‫‪concrete frame‬‬
‫‪two hinged frame‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟــ ‪ Sap2000‬وﻧﻀﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات إﻟﻰ ‪t,m,c‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪Grid only‬ﻳﻌﻨﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ رﺳﻢ ﻓﻘﻂ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ أﺻﻔﺎر ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﺑﺎﻟﺰر اﻷﻳﻤﻦ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫‪ modify‬ﻹدﺧﺎل ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪Sapacing‬‬ ‫وﻧﻌﻤﻞ ‪ edit grid‬ﺛﻢ‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ x = 6,2,8,3,0‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪z =4,2,0‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ‪ ok‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Z‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﯿﻪ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻤﺎدة ﻣﻦ ‪ Define→ Materials‬وﻧﻌﺮف ﻣﺎدة ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬

‫‪fcu=250kg/cm2‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ ‪Define→ sections→ frame‬‬

‫وﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ‪ 100*30‬ﺳﻢ وﻗﻄﺎع ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻞ ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ‬
‫‪ 60*30‬ﺳﻢ وﻗﻄﺎع ‪ nonprismatic‬ﺧﺮﺳﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺪاﻳﺘﻪ ‪ 60*30‬وﻧﮫﺎﻳﺘﻪ ‪100*30‬‬
‫وﻧﻀﻊ ‪ cubic‬ﻓﻰ ‪ I33‬وﻧﻀﻊ ‪ Linear‬ﻓﻰ ‪. I22‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ Draw→ frame‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر أﺳﻢ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ‬

‫ﺗﻈﮫﺮ أﻣﺎﻣﻨﺎ وﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻪ ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ‪ hinge‬ﻟﮫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫‪Assign→ joint→ restraints‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻷﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ‪ local Axis‬واﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت وأرﻗﺎم اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪View → set display options :‬‬
‫اﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫اﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺎور‬
‫ﻷﻇﮭﺎر‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺠﺴﻤﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺮﻛﺰة ﺛﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﻟﮫﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Assign→ joint loads →forces‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮫﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮزع ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫‪Assign→ frame loads →distributed‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻃﺮﻳﻘﺔ أﺧﺮى ﻷدﺧﺎل اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ واﻟﻜﻤﺮات‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ او اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﺰر اﻷﻳﻤﻦ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﻓﺘﻈﮫﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫ﻣﻨﮫﺎ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ ‪ double click‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮫﺎ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺬى ﻧﺮﻳﺪه‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ھﻨﺎ ‪ double click‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس‬
‫]‬
‫ﺗﻈﮫﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﻧﻮع اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ‪ distributed‬أو ‪ concentrated‬وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﮫ ﺛﻢ ‪ok‬‬

‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪ :‬اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﻳﺤﺴﺐ وزن اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ )‪ (own weight‬وﻳﻀﯿﻔﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪dead‬‬
‫‪load‬‬
‫وﻳﻤﻜﻦ أن ﻧﺠﻌﻞ ﻗﯿﻤﺘﻪ ﺻﻔﺮ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ‪define → load patterns‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪self weight multiplier =0‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪modify load pattern‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رؤﯾﺔ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺮﻛﺰة ﻣﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﻮزﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪display show‬‬

‫‪ load assigns‬ﺛﻢ ‪ok‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪Analyze →Run Analysis‬‬ ‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ﻣﻦ ‪save‬‬

‫أو ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪ F5‬وﻧﻠﻐﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪ Modal‬اﻟﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ ﺛﻢ ‪Run/Don’t Run Case‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪Run now‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﺎدﻳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻳﻈﮫﺮ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﻞ ﺷﻜﻞ ‪ deformed shape‬وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻮﻗﻮف ﻋﻠﻰ اى ﻧﻘﻄﺔ‬
‫ﻳﻈﮫﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺎت ﺗﺤﺮﻛﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ x,y,z‬وﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﻊ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Display→show deformed shape‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪wire‬‬
‫‪shadow‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺮؤﻳﺔ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Display→show forces /stresses →frames‬ﺛﻢ‬

‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ Axial force‬او ‪ Moment3-3‬أو ‪ shear2-2‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫‪ Show values on diagrams‬ﻷﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺮؤﯾﺔ اﻟــ ‪ Reactions‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Display→show forces /stresses→joint‬‬
‫*** ﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺧﻮاص اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻣﻦ ﺣﯿﺚ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل أو اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﺑﻌﺪ ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻳﺠﺐ ﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻌﺪﻳﻞ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Run‬ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻔﻞ‬
‫‪Home Work:‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪beams: 1‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪3t 3 t/m3t‬‬ ‫‪4t‬‬ ‫‪3t‬‬

‫‪2.5 t/m‬‬
‫‪2.5t/m‬‬
‫‪1t/m‬‬
‫‪2 t.m‬‬
‫‪1.5m‬‬
‫‪1m‬‬ ‫‪4.5 m‬‬ ‫‪2m‬‬
‫‪4m‬‬ ‫‪6m‬‬
‫‪All beams 25x60 cm‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻣﺜﺎل ‪frames: 2‬‬
‫)‪2t/m (H.P‬‬
‫‪4t‬‬
‫‪6t‬‬ ‫)‪1t/m (per.‬‬
‫‪4t/m‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪1.5 m‬‬
‫‪4t‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪2t/m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬
‫‪2t/m‬‬ ‫‪cols. 30x60 cm‬‬

‫‪beams,cantilivers 30x80 cm‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬
‫‪4m‬‬ ‫‪2m‬‬ ‫‪8m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬
‫أواﻣﺮ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻲ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‪:‬‬

‫‪Replicate‬‬ ‫اﻣﺮ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻷﺻﻠﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب رﺳﻤﮭﺎ‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار‬ ‫‪-1‬ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ اﻷﺻﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻜﺮاره‬
‫‪Edit → Replicate‬‬ ‫‪-2‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﺘﻜﺮار ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻓﻰ‬

‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪y‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار ﺧﻄﯿﺎ‬ ‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪z‬‬
‫ااﻟﻌﺪد اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ‬
‫]‬
‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺮار ﻓﻰ ﻣﺴﺎر داﺋﺮى ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر‬

‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺪ ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ‬
‫إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت ﻧﻘﻄﺔ اﻟﺪوران‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب‬ ‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﯿﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬

‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫‪......‬وﻏﯿﺮه‬
‫اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻧﺴﺨﺔ ﻣﻌﻜﻮﺳﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ ﺣﻮل‬

‫أى ﺧﻂ‬
‫إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫إﺣﺪاﺛﯿﺎت ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ اﻟﺨﻂ‬
‫ﻟﺘﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﯿﺎرات اﻟﺘﻜﺮار‬

‫ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل واﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت‬
‫‪......‬وﻏﯿﺮه‬
‫*ﻷﻇﮫﺎر وأﺧﻔﺎء اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ) ‪Global Axis (X-Y-Z‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪view→ show Axis‬‬
‫*ﻷﻇﮫﺎر وأﺧﻔﺎء ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ‪grids‬‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪view→ show grid‬‬
‫*ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﻚ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻷداة ‪pan‬‬

‫أو ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪view→ pan‬‬
‫]‬
‫*ﻟﺘﺼﻐﯿﺮ او ﺗﻜﺒﯿﺮ اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم أدوات ‪zoom‬‬
‫ﻟﻌﻤﻞ ‪ zoom‬ﻋﻠﻰ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﺼﻐﯿﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﺔ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫ﻷﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻛﻠﮫ‬ ‫ﻟﻠﺘﻜﺒﯿﺮ‬
‫داﺧﻞ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ‬
‫ﻷﺳﺘﻌﺎدة‬
‫آﺧﺮ ‪zoom‬‬
‫أو ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ view‬ﺑﮫﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ أدوات ‪zoom‬‬
‫‪Zoom‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Trusses :‬‬ ‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎت ھﻰ ﻧﻔﺴﮫﺎ ‪ frames‬ﻟﻜﻨﮫﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﺰوم او ﻗﻮى ﻗﺺ‬

‫وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻳﺠﺐ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻓﻰ ﺑﺪاﻳﺔ وﻧﮫﺎﻳﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪truss‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ أﻧﻪ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮم ان اﻟﻘﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ truss‬ﻛﻠﮫﺎ ‪ joint loads‬وﻟﯿﺴﺖ‬
‫‪ frame loads‬وﺗﺼﻨﻊ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪steel‬‬
‫‪3t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪3t‬‬
‫‪1.5m‬‬
‫‪12*2=24 m‬‬
‫‪Verticals & diagonals are L 7x7x1 cm‬‬

‫‪Top and bottom members are 2L 5x5x1 cm‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ اوﻻ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ grids‬ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻷول ﺑﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﮫﺎ‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪define--- frame/cable sections‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﯿﻦ اﺣﺪھﻤﺎ زاوﻳﺔ ‪ 7x7x1 cm‬ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺮأﺳﯿﺔ واﻟﻤﺎﺋﻠﺔ‬
‫واﻵﺧﺮ زاوﻳﺘﯿﻦ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﺑﻠﺘﯿﻦ ‪ 5x5x1 cm‬ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ واﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪ pinned‬وﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻧﺤﺮر ﻟﮫﺎ اﻟﻌﺰوم‬
‫‪3t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬
‫)‪(0,0,0‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻮ ﻣﻮﺿﺢ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻋﻤﻞ ‪Edit – Replicate -- linear‬‬

‫ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ X‬ﺑﻌﺪد ‪ 4‬ﻣﺮات ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪2m‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ اﻧﻪ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺮﻏﺐ ﻓﻲ ﺗﻜﺮارھﺎ ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﯿﻨﺘﺞ ھﺬا اﻟﺸﻜﻞ‪:‬‬
‫‪3t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬
‫)‪(12,0,0‬‬
‫)‪(0,0,0‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻋﻤﻞ ‪Edit -- Replicate-- mirror‬‬
‫‪X1=12 ,Y1=0‬‬
‫‪X2=12 ,Y2=1‬‬ ‫ﺧﻂ اﻟﻤﺮآة ﻣﻮازى ﻟــ ‪ Z‬وﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺜﯿﻠﻪ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﮫﻤﺎ ﻧﻔﺲ ‪X‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﻂ اﻟﻔﺎﺻﻞ ﺑﯿﻨﮫﻤﺎ ﻓﯿﺘﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻛﻠﻪ ﺑﺎﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻳﺘﻢ‬
‫ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫‪3t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪3t‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻋﺪم اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪ pinned‬وﻧﺤﻦ ﻧﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬
‫— ‪Assign‬‬ ‫ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ‪ frames‬ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫‪frame/cable — releases/partial fixity‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﻳﺮ ‪ M33‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺪاﻳﺔ واﻟﻨﮫﺎﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻳﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ ‪ self wt multiplier‬ﻳﺴﺎوى ﺻﻔﺮ ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ‪ DL‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫‪define →load patterns‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ modify load pattern‬ﺛﻢ ‪ok‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ run‬واﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﯿﻢ ‪Axial force & Reactions‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Multi story frames‬‬

‫اﻹﻃﺎرات ﻣﺘﻌﺪدة اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪4.5t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪4.5t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪4.5t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪6t‬‬ ‫‪4 t/m‬‬
‫‪8m‬‬ ‫‪8m‬‬ ‫‪8m‬‬
‫‪columns 30x100‬‬
‫‪girders 30*80‬‬
‫ﻋﺪد اﻟﻄﻮاﺑﻖ اﻟﻜﻠﻰ ‪ 8‬ﻃﻮاﺑﻖ‪.‬‬
‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺪور اﻷرﺿﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺘﺮ و ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻷدوار ‪ 4‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺪور اﻷرﺿﻰ أوﻻً ﺛﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺪور اﻷول ﻋﻠﻮى وﺗﻜﺮاره ﺑﺄﺣﻤﺎﻟﻪ‬
‫ﻋﺪد ‪ 6‬ﻣﺮات ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ z‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﺗﻜﺮار ﻗﺪرھﺎ ‪ 4‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺪور اﻷول ﻋﻠﻮى ﺛﻢ ‪Edit--- Replicate – Linear‬‬
‫وﻳﺘﻢ ادﺧﺎل اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﻳﺎح اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ ﻳﺪوﻳﺎ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Space frames‬‬
‫اﻷﻃﺎرات اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﯿﺔ‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬
‫‪4‬‬ ‫‪6m‬‬
‫‪4m‬‬
‫‪t‬‬ ‫‪/‬‬ ‫‪m‬‬

‫‪6‬‬ ‫‪5m‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫‪3x8m‬‬
‫‪Plan‬‬
‫‪6m‬‬ ‫‪BEAMS =30X80‬‬
‫‪COLUMNS = 30X100‬‬
‫‪3x8 m‬‬
‫]‬
‫*ﻳﺘﻢ اﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻰ ‪ X-Y-Z‬ﺑﺎدﺧﺎل ‪ GRIDS‬ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﺎت اﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ‪.‬‬
‫*ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى اﻟﺬى ﺗﺮﻳﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻓﯿﻪ ﺛﻢ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﻓﯿﻪ ﺑﺄﺳﺘﺨﺪام‬
‫اﻟﻤﻔﺎﺗﯿﺢ ‪ UP‬و ‪DOWN‬‬
‫‪UP‬‬
‫‪DOWN‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪X-Z‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪Y=10‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪Y=6‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ‪Y=0‬‬
‫‪Z‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫ﻷﻇﮫﺎر ﺿﺮب اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻧﻈﺎم اﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ ‪ Extrude view‬ﻣﻦ اﻻداة ‪Set elements‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻟﺮؤﻳﺔ اﺳﻘﺎط ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﻓﻰ ‪ plan‬ﻧﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫‪View → set 3d view →xy‬‬
‫وﻧﻀﻊ زاوﻳﺔ ‪ Aperture‬ﺗﺴﺎوى ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫وﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺿﺮب اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎره ﺑﺄﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻟﻤﺎوس ‪ cross‬ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﯿﺴﺎر اﻟﻰ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺘﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ دوران ﻣﺤﺎوره ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻷول ﺑﺎﻟﺰاوﻳﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign → frame/cable → Local axis‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل وﻧﻀﻌﮫﺎ ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﻞ‬
‫وﻧﻈﮫﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وھﻰ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪:‬‬
‫‪M22 ,M33,Shear22 , Shear33, Axial , Torsion‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Space trusses‬‬
‫اﻟﺠﻤﺎﻟﻮﻧﺎت اﻟﻔﺮاﻏﯿﺔ‬
‫‪Roller‬‬
‫‪Hinged‬‬
‫‪All members one angle 6x6x1 cm‬‬
‫ﺗﻐﻄﯿﺎت اﻟﺼﺎﻻت اﻟﻮاﺳﻌﺔ واﻷﺳﺘﺎدات‬

‫واﻟﮫﻨﺎﺟﺮ واﻟﻜﺒﺎرى اﻟﻤﻌﺪﻧﯿﺔ ‪......‬اﻟﺦ‬
‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬
‫‪2m‬‬
‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬

‫‪SIDE VIEW‬‬ ‫‪ELEVATION‬‬
‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬ ‫‪3m‬‬

‫‪Bottom PLAN‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺤﻞ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻻوﻟﻰ ‪ :‬ﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ sap2000‬وﻧﻌﺪل اﻟﻮﺣﺪات‬
‫اﻟﻰ ‪ton,m‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪:‬ﻧﻔﺘﺢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪file- new model‬‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ grid only‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻳﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻢ ﺟﺰء ﻣﻨﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺛﻢ ﺗﻜﺮاره‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬ ‫‪1.5‬‬
‫أي إﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻤﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ x‬ﻋﺪد ‪ 4‬ﺧﻄﻮط‬

‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت ‪ 1.5‬ﻣﺘﺮ وﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ y‬ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﯿﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬
‫‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ وﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ z‬ﺧﻄﯿﻦ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 2‬ﻣﺘﺮ‬
‫ﻓﯿﻈﮫﺮ ﻟﻨﺎ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ أدﺧﻠﻨﺎھﺎ وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ x-z‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪y=0‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪ :‬ﻧﻌﺮف ﻗﻄﺎع ‪ 0.06x0.06x0.01 Angle‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬

‫‪ Define – Frame sections‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع ‪Add- Angle‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ‪ :‬ﻧﺮﺳﻢ اﻷرﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬

‫اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪pinned‬ﻟﺘﺤﺮﻳﺮ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ھﺬه اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻧﻜﺮرھﺎ ‪Edit – Replicate-Linear‬‬

‫وﻧﻜﺮر ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ x‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ وﻋﺪد ‪ 5‬ﻣﺮات‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ﻇﮫﻮر ﻋﻨﺼﺮ زﻳﺎدة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻟﻐﺎؤه ﻓﯿﻈﮫﺮ‬

‫اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﺗﻜﺮارھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ y‬ﻋﺪد ﻣﺮة واﺣﺪة‬

‫ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻈﮫﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟــ ‪ bracing‬اﻟﺮأﺳﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﺎ وﺗﻜﺮارھﺎ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ x‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ وﻋﺪد ‪5‬‬

‫ﻣﺮات‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ z=0‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﺳﻢ ال ‪bracing‬‬
‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ z=2‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟــ ‪bracing‬‬

‫اﻟﻌﻠﻮﻳﺔ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺳﺒﻖ‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ رﻛﺎﺋﺰ وﻧﻌﻤﻞ ‪Assign – joint-restraint‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪hinged‬أو ‪ Roller‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻧﻮع اﻟﺮﻛﯿﺰة‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻈﮫﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ z=2‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ووﺿﻊ‬

‫أﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﺮﻛﺰة ﻋﻠﯿﮫﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪Assign – joint loads- forces‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻠﻐﻰ ‪ self weight multiplier‬ﻣﻦ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟـ ‪ Dead loads‬وذﻟﻚ‬

‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Define –load patterns‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ‪ save‬وﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Run‬وإﻇﮫﺎر ﻗﯿﻢ ‪Axial loads‬‬

‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻗﯿﻢ اﻟـ ‪Reactions‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
Solid Slab floor plan
50
B 12*50
B12*
rted
Inve
B12*50
B12*50
Y x
structural plan
floor height = 3 m
wall thickness = 12 cm
Assume all beams = 25*60 cm
Except the shown cross sections .
ts= 15 cm ( note solid slab 10 to 15 cm)
This is a residential Building (LL=0.2 t/m2)
Assume floor covering = 0.15 t/m2
]
‫‪Analysis of Solid Slabs‬‬

‫‪ Solid Slabs‬ھﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻜﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻤﺮات وأﻋﻤﺪة ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺘﮭﺎ )‪ (10-15 cm‬إﻣﺎ أن‬
‫ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ أو داﺋﺮﯾﺔ أو ﻣﺸﻄﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ grids‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y‬ﻋﻨﺪ أى ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻠﺤﻮاﺋﻂ أواﻟﻜﻤﺮات أو اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪define‬‬
‫‪Frame sections & Area sections‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬

‫‪Define frame section ,‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫‪Add rectangular‬‬ ‫‪Define Area section ,‬‬
‫‪Add shell‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪membrane‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ اﻟــ ‪ Bending‬ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ‬
‫]‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪Draw –frame/cable‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬

‫ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ‪ projected‬أو ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪ inverted‬أو وھﻤﯿﺔ ‪dummy‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ divide frames‬ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ‪continuous‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬


‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻜﻤﺮات رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ draw- Area‬وﯾﺠﺐ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ اﻇﮭﺎر ‪Fill‬‬
‫‪ objects‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ View →set display objects‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻤﺤﺎور‬
‫اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻢ ‪ Area local axes‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﻧﺮاﻋﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ‪ continuous‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﺄرﺑﻌﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة‬

‫]‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫‪Assign →joint → restraints‬‬ ‫‪ -5‬ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ‪hinged‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Define load patterns‬ﻧﺠﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ واﺣﺪة اﺳﻤﮭﺎ ‪ dead‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ self weight multiplier=1‬ﻓﻨﺘﺮﻛﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻰ ﻟﯿﺄﺧﺬ وزن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت واﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة اﺳﻤﮭﺎ ‪ live‬وﻧﻮﻋﮭﺎ ‪ live‬وﻻ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ‪ own wt.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺣﻮاﺋﻂ وﻧﻀﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وھﻰ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪dead :‬‬
‫= ‪W wall‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪brick‬‬ ‫'‪*h wall*t wall = 1.8*2.6*0.12 = 0.6 t/m‬‬
‫وﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →Frame loads →distributed‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻓﻼ ﻧﻀﻊ وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪا ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺪور ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﺣﻤﺎل اﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2‬اﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻃﻦ‪/‬م'‬
‫وھﻰ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺘﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ )‪ (1.2*L /2‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ھﻨﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻛﻠﮫ ‪ 4.25‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﻮن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﺬى ﺳﯿﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ھﻮ '‪1.2*4.25/2 = 2.55 t/m‬‬
‫‪. plan‬‬ ‫أﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﺮة ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪور ﻓﮭﻰ اﺻﻼ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟــ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ أﺧﺮى ‪ :‬ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻮر ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت ﻧﻌﺮف ﻗﻄﺎع ﻛﻤﺮة ﺻﻐﯿﺮ ﺟﺪاااا ‪ 0.001x0.001‬وﻧﺮﺳﻤﮫ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺒﻠﻜﻮﻧﺎت وﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮫ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻣﻮزع ‪ uniform‬ﯾﺴﺎوى وزن اﻟﺴﻮر وھﻮ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ '‪0.25 t/m‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت وھﻰ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ )‪ (live loads= 0.2 t/m2‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟــ ‪ live‬وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟــ ‪dead‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ )‪ (floor cover = 0.15 t/m2‬وﻻﻧﻀﻊ وزن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ان اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺤﺴﺐ وزن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم‬
‫ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺘﮭﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Assign → Area loads → uniform (shell‬‬
‫‪ -9‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻰ اﻗﺴﺎم ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻟﺘﻮزﯾﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻛﺜﯿﺮة وزﯾﺎدة اﻟﺪﻗﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وذﻟﻚ‬
‫ﺑﺈﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪Edit → Edit Areas →Divide Area‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪد ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ أو ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت أو ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ أو ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻌﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻰ‬

‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x ,y‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x ,y‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ grid‬او‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ أو‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪودھﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺑﺨﻄﻮط‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫]‬
‫ﻓﯿﻜﻮن ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﻰ اﻗﺴﺎم ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﺤﯿﺖ ﺗﻜﻮن ‪ continous‬ﻣﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ‬ ‫‪-10‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﻨﻘﻂ وأﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ‬
‫→‪Edit→Edit lines→ divide frames‬‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﮭﺎ ‪Break at intersections with selected joints and frames‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ اﻟﺘﻐﺎﺿﻰ ﻋﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﺨﻄﻮة ﺑﺸﺮط ان ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺻﺪار اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮ ﻗﯿﻤﺎ ﻓﻮق ﺣﯿﺚ اﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Automatic sub-divisions‬ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺨﻄﯿﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اى ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ﺻﺤﯿﺤﺔ اﻣﺎ اذا ﻛﻨﺎ ﻧﻌﻤﻞ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﺻﺪار ‪ sap‬أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ذﻟﻚ ﻓﺄﻧﮫ ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ وﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮭﺎ‬
‫‪Assign →frame →Automatic subdivisions‬‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ اى ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ او ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﺎت اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ ‪ torsion‬ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ إن وﺟﺪت‪.‬‬ ‫‪-11‬‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →frame→Releases/partial fixity‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ‪ save‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪run‬‬ ‫‪-12‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪا ‪:‬‬

‫** ﺗﺄﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ‪ local axis‬ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻷﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‪.‬‬
‫** ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أن ‪ local Axis 3‬وﻟﻮﻧﮫ أزرق ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه واﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﻛﻠﮫ وھﻮ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Assign →Area →Reverse local 3‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺪوران اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﻀﺒﻄﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺮاد دوران ﻣﺤﺎوره ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →Area → local Axis‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺪوران ﺑﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ ‪ok‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى ‪ ultimate‬وھﻰ ھﻨﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوى )‪ 1.5 *( Dead+live‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى‬
‫ﻷن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻰ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 0.75‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪Define→ load combinations‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺑــ ‪ scale‬ﯾﺴﺎوى ‪ 1.5‬ﻣﻦ ‪add‬‬
‫* ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ reactions‬وھﻰ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪور اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫* ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Display→show force/stresses‬‬
‫‪→shells‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ M11‬ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻰ إﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ local axis 1‬اﻷﺣﻤﺮ )ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪(1‬‬
‫‪ M22‬ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻰ إﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ local axis 2‬اﻷﺑﯿﺾ )ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪(2‬‬ ‫و‬
‫وﻟﻜﻦ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟــ ‪ solid slab‬ﻋﺎدة ﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻐﯿﺮة وﯾﻜﻔﻰ أن ﻧﻀﻊ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﯾﺪ واﺣﺪة )ﻓﺮش‬
‫وﻏﻄﺎء( ﺳﻔﻠﯿﺔ ‪ 6Ø10/m‬وﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻜﺮﯾﺐ ﻧﺼﻔﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 1/5‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮر اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ‬
‫وﺗﻤﺘﺪ اﻟﻰ رﺑﻊ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎور وﺗﻜﺮب ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ 1/10‬اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﺤﻮر اﻟﺨﺎرﺟﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪M22‬‬ ‫‪M11‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻷھﻢ ھﻨﺎ ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات و ﻗﻮى اﻟﻘﺺ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Display → show force/stresses → frame/cable Moment 33 & Shear22‬‬
‫‪Ultimate‬‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﺪاﺧﻠﯿﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪frame elements‬‬
‫ﻣﻘﯿﺎس اﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬
‫إﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺑﺪون ﻗﯿﻢ‬
‫إﻇﮫﺎر اﻟﺸﻜﻞ وﻋﻠﯿﻪ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﻇﮭﺎر ﻗﯿﻢ ‪ reactions‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻦ ‪display- tables‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت ‪ output‬ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻂ ‪ joints‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻨﺴﺨﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻻﻛﺴﻞ وﻧﺼﻤﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ‬

‫ﻧﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫‪File → Export to Excel‬‬ ‫وﻟﺘﺼﺪﻳﺮھﺎ اﻟﻰ أﻛﺴﻞ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫]‬
‫‪Analysis of Flat Slabs‬‬

‫‪ Flat Slabs‬ھﻲ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺮﺗﻜﺰة ﻋﻠﻰ أﻋﻤﺪة ﻓﻘﻂ وﻗﺪ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺮات ﻃﺮﻓﯿﺔ‬
‫‪ . Marginal beams‬ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ أﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ او ﯾﺴﺎوى )‪ (15 cm‬إﻣﺎ أن ﺗﻜﻮن‬
‫ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ أو داﺋﺮﯾﺔ أو ﻣﺸﻄﻮرة‪.‬‬
‫‪Flat Slabs‬‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫‪5m‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Floor height = 3 m‬‬
‫‪wall thickness = 12 cm‬‬
‫‪ts= 20 cm‬‬
‫‪LL=0.4 t/m2‬‬
‫‪Assume floor covering = 0.15 t/m2‬‬
‫‪Equivalent wall loads on slab = 0.2 t/m2‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات‪:‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ grids‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y‬ﻋﻨﺪ أى ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات أو اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪ -9‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮات واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﻨﺤﺘﺎﺟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪define‬‬
‫‪Frame sections & Area sections‬‬
‫‪S20‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﺣﻮل اﻟﺴﻠﻢ‬
‫‪Define frame section ,‬‬
‫‪Add rectangular‬‬ ‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫‪Define Area section ,‬‬
‫‪Add shell‬‬
‫‪0.2‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺨﺎﻧﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪membrane‬‬

‫ﺛﺎﺑﺘﺔ ‪0.2‬‬
‫وﻓﻰ اﻟــ ‪Bending‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪Draw –frame/cable‬‬

‫ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﺳﺎﻗﻄﺔ ‪ projected‬أو ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ ‪ inverted‬أو وھﻤﯿﺔ ‪dummy‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ divide frames‬ﻟﻜﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ ﻟﺘﻜﻮن ‪continuous‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬


‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة ﺑﻜﻤﺮات رﺋﯿﺴﯿﺔ او رﺳﻢ اﻋﺼﺎب‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺑﯿﻨﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ ‪ draw- Area‬وﯾﺠﺐ ﻗﺒﻠﮭﺎ اﻇﮭﺎر‬ ‫‪-10‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪ Fill objects‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ View →set display options‬وﻛﺬﻟﻚ اﻇﮭﺎر‬

‫اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﺘﺮﺳﻢ ‪ Area local axes‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﺄرﺑﻌﺔ ﻧﻘﻂ‬

‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﻄﯿﻠﺔ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﺑﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻲ ﺑﺎﻛﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة‬

‫وﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻣﺜﻠﺜﺎت ﺑﺴﮭﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﺧﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪود اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ ﯾﺼﻠﺢ ﻷن ﯾﻜﻮن ‪ radius‬ﻟﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Edit→ Extrude→Extrude line to Area‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪ radial‬وإدﺧﺎل ﻣﺮﻛﺰ دوران اﻟﺨﻂ وزاوﯾﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ وﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫وﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﯾﺠﺐ ان ﻧﺮاﻋﻰ أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﺘﺼﻠﺔ ‪ continuous‬ﺗﻤﺎﻣﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺜﻼ‪:‬‬
‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬
‫ﺻﺢ‬ ‫ﺧﻄﺄ‬
‫]‬
‫‪Assign →joint → Restraints‬‬ ‫‪ -11‬ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﻣﻜﺎن اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ‪hinged‬‬

‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ وﺿﻊ رﻛﯿﺰة اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺢ ‪ shear wall‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮭﺎ ‪ hinge‬وﻧﻀﻌﮭﺎ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ﻣﻊ رﺑﻂ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ ﻛﻠﮫ ﻣﻊ ھﺬه اﻟﺮﻛﯿﺰة ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﻢ ﻛﻠﮭﻢ وﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Assign joint constraint‬ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪body‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ اﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﯿﺪ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻣﻦ ‪Add new constraint‬‬
‫وﯾﻔﻀﻞ اﯾﻀﺎ ان اى ﻋﻤﻮد ﻓﻰ ‪ flat slab‬ﯾﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺑﺠﻮاره ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺿﺮﺑﮫ اﻟﻄﻮﯾﻞ ﺑـــ ‪Body‬‬
‫‪constraint‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة اﻧﮫ ﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ ﻣﺮة ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ‪ Add new constraint‬ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻤﻮد ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -12‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﺣﺎﻻت اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪ Define load patterns‬ﻧﺠﺪ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ واﺣﺪة اﺳﻤﮭﺎ ‪ dead‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻓﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫‪ self weight multiplier=1‬ﻓﻨﺘﺮﻛﮭﺎ ﻛﻤﺎ ھﻰ ﻟﯿﺄﺧﺬ وزن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت واﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﺘﺒﺎر ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﺟﺪﯾﺪة اﺳﻤﮭﺎ ‪ live‬وﻧﻮﻋﮭﺎ ‪ live‬وﻻ ﻧﻀﻊ ﻓﯿﮭﺎ ‪ own wt.‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -13‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺣﻮاﺋﻂ وھﻰ ﻛﻤﺮات اﻟﺴﻠﻢ وﻧﻀﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ وھﻰ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪dead :‬‬
‫]‬
‫= ‪W wall‬‬ ‫‪γ‬‬ ‫‪brick‬‬ ‫'‪*h wall*t wall = 1.8*2.5*0.12 = 0.6 t/m‬‬

‫وﻧﻀﻊ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →Frame loads →distributed‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺄﺧﺬ وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮة ﻣﻦ ﻧﻔﺴﮫ ﻓﻼ ﻧﻀﻊ وزن اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪا ‪ :‬ﻛﻤﺮة اﻟﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻟﺪور ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﺣﻤﺎل اﺿﺎﻓﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2‬اﻟﻰ ‪ 4‬ﻃﻦ‪/‬م'‬
‫وھﻰ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ اﻟﻘﻠﺒﺘﯿﻦ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ )‪ (1.2*L /2‬ﻣﺜﻼ ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ھﻨﺎ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ﻛﻠﮫ ‪ 5.25‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻓﯿﻜﻮن ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‬
‫اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﺬى ﺳﯿﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻘﺼﯿﺮة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ ھﻮ '‪1.2*5.25/2 = 3.15 t/m‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻛﻤﺮة ﻧﺼﻒ اﻟﺪور ﻓﮭﻰ اﺻﻼ اﻟﻤﻔﺮوض اﻻ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﻮﺟﻮدة ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟــ ‪ plan‬ﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ رﺳﻤﮭﺎ ھﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻓﻘﻂ ﻷﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻌﺘﺒﺮ ‪ simple beam‬وﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺤﺎﺋﻂ واﯾﻀﺎ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﺴﻠﻢ اﻻﺿﺎﻓﻰ '‪. 3.15 t/m‬‬
‫‪ -8‬ﯾﺘﻢ وﺿﻊ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت وھﻰ ﻋﺒﺎرة ﻋﻦ )‪ (live loads= 0.4 t/m2‬ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟــ ‪ live‬وﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟــ ‪dead‬‬
‫ﻧﻀﻊ )‪ (floor cover + walls = 0.15+ 0.2= 0.35 t/m2‬وﻻﻧﻀﻊ وزن اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺣﯿﺚ ان اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺤﺴﺐ وزن‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﺑﻨﻔﺴﮫ ﻷﻧﮫ ﻣﻌﻠﻮم ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺘﮭﺎ وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫)‪Assign → Area loads → uniform (shell‬‬
‫‪0.35‬‬ ‫‪0.4‬‬
‫ﯾ ﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴ ﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃ ﺎت اﻟ ﻰ اﻗﺴ ﺎم ﺻ ﻐﯿﺮة ﻟﺘﻮزﯾ ﻊ اﻟﺤﻤ ﻞ ﻋﻠ ﻰ ﻧﻘ ﻂ ﻛﺜﯿ ﺮة وزﯾ ﺎدة اﻟﺪﻗ ﺔ ﻓ ﻰ‬ ‫‪-13‬‬
‫اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺈﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﺮاد ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ إﺳﺘﺨﺪام اﻷﻣﺮ‪:‬‬
‫‪Edit → Divide Area‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﺪد ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻟﻌﺪد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﻄﻊ أو ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺎت أو ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻤﮭﺎ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺧﻄﻮط‬
‫اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ أو ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻌﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻌﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻓﻰ‬

‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x ,y‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺄﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‬

‫ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x ,y‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻘﺎﻃﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‪ grid‬او‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺗﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ أو‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻧﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪودھﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺑﺨﻄﻮط‬
‫ﻣﺮﺳﻮﻣﺔ‬
‫]‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ ‪ torsion‬ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻋﺪا اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ إن وﺟﺪت‪.‬‬ ‫‪-14‬‬

‫وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →frame/cable →Releases/partial fixity‬‬
‫ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮ ﻟﻠــ ‪ TORSION‬ﺑﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ أدق وأﻓﻀﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات وﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Assign →Frame/cable →property modifier‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ ﻗﯿﻤﺔ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا ‪ 0.0001‬اﻣﺎم ﻣﻌﺎﻣﻞ اﻷﻟﺘﻮاء ‪ torsion constant‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ‪ save‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪run‬‬ ‫‪-15‬‬
‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎت ھﺎﻣﺔ ﺟﺪا ‪:‬‬

‫** ﺗﺄﻛﺪ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ‪ local axis‬ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻧﻔﺲ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه ﻷﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت‪.‬‬
‫** ﺗﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أن ‪ local Axis 3‬وﻟﻮﻧﮫ أزرق ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه واﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﺴﻘﻒ ﻛﻠﮫ وھﻮ ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫إذا ﻛﺎن ھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﺰاء ﻣﻘﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﻋﻜﺲ اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﻟﮭﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﺎ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫‪Assign →Area →Reverse local 3‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺪوران اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ ﺑﺰاوﯾﺔ ﻟﻨﻀﺒﻄﮭﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺑﺎﻗﻰ اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر‬
‫اﻟﺠﺰء اﻟﻤﺮاد دوران ﻣﺤﺎوره ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →Area → local Axis‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ وﺿﻊ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﺮﯾﺪ اﻟﺪوران ﺑﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ ‪ok‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻊ ﻟﻠﻘﻮى ‪ ultimate‬وھﻰ ھﻨﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوى )‪ 1.5 *( Dead+live‬ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻜﻮد‬
‫اﻟﻤﺼﺮى ﻷن ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻰ ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ اﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ ‪ 0.75‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ‬
‫‪Define→ load combinations‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺑــ ‪ scale‬ﯾﺴﺎوى ‪ 1.5‬ﻣﻦ ‪add‬‬
‫* ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ reactions‬وھﻰ ﺗﻤﺜﻞ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪور اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻟﻠﻤﺒﻨﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫* ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺤﺼﻮل ﻋﻠﻰ ﺷﻜﻞ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Display →show force/stresses‬‬
‫‪→shells‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺣﯿﺚ ‪ M11‬ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻰ إﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ local axis 1‬اﻷﺣﻤﺮ )ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪(1‬‬
‫‪ M22‬ھﻮ اﻟﻌﺰم ﻓﻰ إﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻤﺤﻮر ‪ local axis 2‬اﻷﺑﯿﺾ )ﻟﻠﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪(2‬‬ ‫و‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫‪2‬‬
‫‪M22‬‬ ‫‪M11‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﻇﮭﺎر ﻗﯿﻢ ‪ reactions‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﻓﻰ ﺟﺪول ﻣﻦ ‪Display→ tables‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﺨﺮﺟﺎت ‪ output‬ﻟﻠﻨﻘﻂ ‪ joints‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻨﺴﺨﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻻﻛﺴﻞ وﻧﺼﻤﻢ اﻻﻋﻤﺪة‪.‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ‬

‫ﻧﺮﯾﺪ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺘﮭﺎ‬
‫]‬
Asmin=0.2*20=4 cm2 = 6 10/m'
using 6 10/m' bottom in both directions

5
Mur +VE=As*fy*d*j =6*0.785*3600*17.5*0.81/10=2.4 t.m/m'
using 6 12/m' top in both directions

5
Mur -VE=As*fy*d*j =6*1.13*3600*17.5*0.81/10=3.5 t.m/m'
Mur=3.5 t.m
combo ultimate Ultimate
]
‫ﯾﺘﻢ أﻇﮭﺎر ﻗﯿﻢ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺠﺎھﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻘ ﻊ داﺧ ﻞ اﻟ ـ ‪ Range‬ﻓﺘﻈﮭ ﺮ‬
‫‪ - 1‬اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻟﺘﻲ أﻗﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟــ ‪ Range‬ﺑﻠﻮن ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫‪ -2‬واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ داﺧﻞ اﻟــ ‪ Range‬ﺑﺄﻟﻮان ﻛﺜﯿﺮة‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬واﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ ‪ Range‬ﺑﻠﻮن ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻟﻜﻨﮫ ﻏﯿﺮ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻷول‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻷوﻟﻰ ﯾﻜﻔﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻓﻘﻂ وﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﺣﺪﯾﺪ أﺻﺎﻓﻰ‪.‬‬

‫واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﺮﺋﯿﺴﻲ ‪.‬‬
‫واﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج إﻟﻰ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺣﺪﯾﺪ إﺿﺎﻓﺔ إﻟﻰ اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻟﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ‬
‫أن اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻓﻰ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻻ ﺗﺰﯾﺪ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺷﺒﻜﺘﯿﻦ‪.‬‬
‫‪-5.25‬‬ ‫‪-3.5‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪M11 +ve‬‬
‫‪M22 +ve‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪M11 –ve‬‬
‫‪M22 –ve‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪6‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﺨﻂ ‪ solid‬واﻟﺘﺴﻠﯿﺢ اﻟﻌﻠﻮى ﯾﻈﮭﺮ ﺑﺨﻂ ‪dashed‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Circular tanks‬‬
‫]‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻷوﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫اﻓﺘﺢ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ sap2000‬واﺿﺒﻂ اﻟﻮﺣﺪات ﻃﻦ وﻣﺘﺮ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫اﻓﺘﺢ ﻣﻠﻒ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ‪ new model‬واﺧﺘﺎر ‪ grid only‬ﺛﻢ ادﺧﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻰ ‪ x , z‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﺳﻨﻘﻮم‬
‫ﺑﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺮاﺳﻤﺔ ﻟﻠﺨﺰان ﻓﻘﻂ وھﻰ ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪5.00‬‬
‫‪8.00‬‬
‫‪1.00‬‬
‫‪2.00 2.00‬‬
‫‪z‬‬ ‫‪2.00‬‬
‫‪4.00‬‬
‫‪2.00‬‬ ‫‪2.00‬‬ ‫‪x‬‬
‫‪2.00‬‬
‫‪5.00‬‬
‫‪5.00‬‬
‫‪5.00‬‬
‫‪5.00‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪XZ‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻧﻌﺮف اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ وﻟﻠﻌﻤﻮد ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪define – frame section‬‬

‫‪Rectangular horizontal beam 35*80 cm -1‬‬
‫‪Angle 80*80*35*35 cm -2‬‬
‫‪Rectangular tie ring beam 50x25cm -3‬‬
‫‪Rectangular column 80x30 cm -4‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﺮف ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﻣﻦ ‪define – Area –sections‬وﻻ ﻧﻌﺪل اﻟﻘﻄﺎع اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮد ‪ Asec1‬وﻟﻜﻨﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻧﻌﺮف ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ‪Add new section‬‬
‫‪Dome 12 cm -1‬‬
‫‪Cylinder 30 cm -2‬‬
‫‪Shaft 20 cm -3‬‬
‫‪Cone 30 cm -4‬‬
‫‪Lower dome 30 cm -5‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺴﺎرات اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ ﻛﺨﻄﻮط ‪ :‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى وﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﮭﺎ – ‪edit‬‬
‫‪ extrude – extrude point to lines‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ radial‬وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪوران واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺬى‬
‫ﺳﻨﺪور ﺣﻮﻟﮫ وھﻮ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى وﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ‪ number‬وزاوﯾﺔ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‪angle‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺮوط واﻻﺳﻄﻮاﻧﺎت واﻟﻘﺒﺎب‪ :‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺮواﺳﻢ وھﻰ اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺘﻰ رﺳﻤﻨﺎھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Z‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪edit – extrude – line to Areas‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ radial‬وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪوران واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺬى ﺳﻨﺪور ﺣﻮﻟﮫ وھﻮ ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ Z‬وﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ‬
‫‪ number‬وزاوﯾﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‪ : angle‬ﻻﺣﻆ ان ﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ﻻﺑﺪ ان ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎﻋﻔﺎت ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪو وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺮات ﻣﻦ ﻋﺪد اﻻﻋﻤﺪة ﯾﻌﻨﻰ ‪ 24‬ﻗﻄﻌﺔ وزاوﯾﺘﮭﻢ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ‪ 360‬درﺟﺔ ﯾﻌﻨﻰ ﻛﻞ‬
‫زاوﯾﺔ ﺗﺴﺎوى ‪. 360/24‬‬
‫وﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت وﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮭﺎ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪Assign – Area – section‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ اﻇﮭﺎر ‪ fill objects‬ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت وأان ﻧﺮاﻋﻰ ان ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ اﻻزرق‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪ local axis 3‬ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪاﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺨﺎرج ﯾﻌﻨﻰ اﻟﻠﻮن اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻰ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫ﯾﻜﻮن ﻣﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه واﻟﻠﻮن اﻻﺣﻤﺮ ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺔ ﻣﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﻠﮭﻮاء داﺋﻤﺎ‪..‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻟﺘﻜﺮار اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﺣﻮل ﻣﺤﻮر ‪ : Z‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻌﻤﻮد اﻟﻤﺮﺳﻮم ﺛﻢ ‪edit – replicate – radial‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﻮر اﻟﺪوران ‪ Z‬وﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪ وھﻮ ‪ 7‬وزاوﯾﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ وھﻰ ‪. 360/8‬‬
‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات اﻟﺪاﺋﺮﯾﺔ ‪ ring beams‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻧﻘﻄﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺪاﯾﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﺎر اﻟﺪاﺋﺮى وﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﻟﮭﺎ – ‪edit‬‬
‫‪ extrude – extrude point to lines‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ radial‬وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﺮﻛﺰ اﻟﺪوران واﻟﻤﺤﻮر اﻟﺬى‬
‫ﺳﻨﺪور ﺣﻮﻟﮫ ‪ Z‬وﻋﺪد اﻟﻘﻄﻊ ‪ 24 = number‬وزاوﯾﺔ ﻛﻞ ﻗﻄﻌﺔ‪. 360/24= angle‬‬
‫ﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه‪ :‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﺛﻢ ‪Assign –joint pattern‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻣﻌﺎدﻟﺔ ﺿﻐﻂ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه وھﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Pressure = c Z+D‬‬
‫‪c=-1,‬‬ ‫ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎع اﻟﺨﺰان ﻷﺧﺮه = ‪D‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺴﺔ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى وﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ ﺿﻐﻂ ﺣﺴﺐ ‪ pattern‬ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign –Area loads – Surface pressure‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ ‪scale =1‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ھﻨﺎ اﻟﻮﺟﮫ اﻟﺒﻨﻔﺴﺠﻰ‬

‫اﻟﻤﻼﻣﺲ ﻟﺴﻄﺢ اﻟﻤﯿﺎه وھﻮ‬
‫‪Bottom‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ھﻨﺎ ‪by pattern‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺤﻞ وﻧﻠﻐﻰ اﻟـ ‪ modal‬وﻧﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪F11 , F22‬ﺑﺪﻻ ﻣﻦ ‪ M11 , M22‬ﻷن‬
‫ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﺗﻜﻮن ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا وﻣﻌﻈﻢ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﺗﺤﻮﻟﺖ اﻟﻰ ‪ normal force‬ﻓﻘﻂ ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ أﯾﻀﺎ إﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم واﻟﻘﺺ واﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ‪Axial ,Shear22 , M33 :‬‬
‫]‬
F11- axial reing tension or compression in slabs
F22- axial vertical tension or compression in slabs
]
‫)‪Axial forces in frame elements ( beams , columns‬‬
‫]‬
‫)‪M33 in frame elements ( beams , columns‬‬
‫]‬
0.07m
1.00m
0.32 0.50
0.25
Internal Beam
8.0m
0.07m
0.5m
0.32 0.50
0.25 0.50
External Beam
2
Live loads = 0.3 t/m
2
Covering =0.15 t/m 1.00
walls exist on beams = 0.6 t/m'
ts = 7 cm
t = span /25 =800/25 =32 cm
Rib width = 10 cm 0.50
5.0m 0.50
Rib spacing = 50 cm
2
Hollow blocks weight =0.15 t/m
8.0m
]
Raft Foundation
120 ton 200 ton

200 ton
200 ton 200 ton

230 ton
130 ton
230 ton 230 ton

500 ton
200 ton
130 ton 130 ton
TOTAL LOADS FOR COLUMNS = Ri *No. Floors * 1.1
WORKING loads
]
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﻟﻠﻘﻮاﻋﺪ اﻟﻤﻨﻔﺼﻠﺔ اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ ‪ 2/3‬ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺔ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﯿﻠﺰم اﺧﺬ‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮاﻋﺪ ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻟﺒﺸﺔ واﺣﺪة )‪. (Mat foundation ) =( Raft Foundation‬‬
‫‪ 10‬ﺳﻢ‬ ‫‪X‬‬ ‫ﺗﺨﺎﻧﺔ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوى ﻋﺪد اﻷدوار‬
‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ واﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺪﺧﻮل إﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﺴﺎب ‪ 2000‬وإدﺧﺎل اﻟـ ‪ Grids‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﻣﺤﺎور‬

‫اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ‪ Define – Area --Section‬وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ‪ 1‬ﻣﺘﺮ ) ﻋﺪد‬
‫اﻷدوار ‪ 10‬ادوار( ﻧﺄﺧﺬ ‪ 10‬ﺳﻢ ﻟﻜﻞ دور ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﯾﺘﻢ رﺳﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ﺑﺄﻣﺮ ‪ Quick Area‬ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟـ ‪Grids‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت إﻟﻰ أﻗﺴﺎم ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﻻ ﺗﺘﺠﺎوز ‪ 1/2‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Edit –Divide Area‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻓﯿﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺘﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫وﻧﺘﺄﻛﺪ ﻣﻦ أﻧﮭﺎ ‪ continuous‬ﻣﻊ ﺑﻌﻀﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻲ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻷﻋﻤﺪة وﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪concentrated loads .‬‬
‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪assign – joint loads – forces :‬‬
‫وﯾﺠﺐ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻋﺪة ﻧﻘﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪود اﻟﻌﻤﻮد أو ‪ shear walls‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﻗﻞ ﻧﻘﻄﺘﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺘﻰ ﻻ ﻧﺠﺪ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻛﺒﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻﺣﻆ ان اﻟﺤﻤﻞ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ھﻮ ﺣﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻛﻠﮫ ﻓﻰ ﺟﻤﯿﻊ اﻷدوار ‪P total‬‬
‫]‬
‫)‪Reaction of col. for one floor (working‬‬
‫= ‪P total = Ri * no. floors *1.1‬‬ ‫‪ton‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﻟﻠﻘﺎﻋﺪة وھﻰ ھﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ‪ soil‬وﯾﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻔﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻧﮭﺎ‬
‫ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟـ ‪ springs‬ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﺔ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﻨﻘﻂ وﻟﮭﺎ ﻛﺰازة ﻣﻌﯿﻨﺔ ‪stiffness‬‬
‫ﻛﯿﻔﯿﺔ ﺣﺴﺎب ‪ stiffness‬ﻟﻠـ ‪: springs‬‬

‫أوﻻ‪ :‬ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت وﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮭﺎ ‪ area springs‬وﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟـ ‪ stiffness‬ﻟﮭﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻻﺗﺠﺎه اﻟﻌﻤﻮدى‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ وﺗﺴﺎوى‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺤﺴﺐ ‪ stiffness‬ﻟﻠـ ‪: spring‬‬
‫‪K =B.c *1000‬‬ ‫و اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺞ ﯾﻜﻮن ﺑﻮﺣﺪة ‪t /m2‬‬
‫ﻗﺪرة ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﻛﺠﻢ‪/‬ﺳﻢ‪ 2‬وﻟﯿﻜﻦ ھﻨﺎ ﻣﺜﻼ ‪ 1.2‬ﻛﺠﻢ‪/‬ﺳﻢ‪2‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Assign→ Area→ Area springs‬‬
‫‪stiffness‬‬
‫ﺿﻐﻂ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻷن اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ‬

‫ﻻ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺸﺪ‬
‫‪ Bottom‬ﻷن‬
‫اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﺗﺠﺎه اﻟــ ‪spring‬‬

‫ﻋﻤﻮدى ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺘﻮى‬
‫اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺔ‬
‫و ﯾﺘﻢ ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ﺣﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ وﻋﻤﻞ ‪run‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪ اﻟﺤﻞ ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ combo‬ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪define → load combination‬‬

‫ﻷﺧﺬ اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟــ ‪ Ultimate‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪.‬‬
‫اﻻﺳﻢ‬
‫‪factor‬‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﺳﻢ ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻊ ‪factor‬‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﻐﻂ ‪add‬‬
‫‪:‬‬ ‫اﻟﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ‪ M11 , M22‬ﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺒﺔ اﻗﻞ ﺑﻜﺜﯿ ﺮ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫اﻟﻌﺰوم اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺒﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﯿﺘﻢ ﻓﺮض ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﺳﻔﻠﯿﺔ واﯾﻀﺎ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﺗﺴﻠﯿﺢ ﻋﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﻏﯿﺮ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﯿﻦ ﻟﺘﻘﻠﯿﻞ اﻟﮭﺪر ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ ‪ .‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﯾﺠﺐ اﻻ ﺗﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ As min‬ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﺎﺣﯿﺔ اﻟﻮاﺣﺪة‬
‫‪As min =0.0015*B*t‬‬
‫‪As min =0.0015*100*100 = 15 cm2‬‬
‫'‪= 6 Ǿ 18 /m‬‬
‫وﻧﺤﺴﺐ ﻣﻘﺪار ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻟﮭﺬه اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻷﻛﺴﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪bar‬‬
‫ﻋﺮض ‪B‬‬ ‫‪Mu‬‬
‫)‪t(cm‬‬ ‫‪c1‬‬ ‫‪c/d‬‬ ‫‪j‬‬ ‫)‪As(cm2‬‬ ‫‪diameter‬‬ ‫‪no.‬‬
‫)‪(cm‬اﻟﺸﺮﯾﺤﺔ‬ ‫)‪(t.m‬‬
‫)‪(mm‬‬ ‫‪Bars‬‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪60‬‬ ‫‪5.809‬‬ ‫‪0.125‬‬ ‫‪0.826‬‬ ‫‪22.41‬‬ ‫‪22‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﻋﻠﻮى‬
‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪100‬‬ ‫‪40‬‬ ‫‪7.11‬‬ ‫‪0.125‬‬ ‫‪0.826‬‬ ‫‪14.94‬‬ ‫‪18‬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫ﺳﻔﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻓﻨﺨﺘﺎر ﺳﻔﻠﻰ '‪ 6 Ǿ 18 /m‬ﻓﯿﻜﻮن ‪ Mu = 40 t.m‬ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﯿﺔ‬

‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ ﺣﺪﯾﺪ اﻛﺒﺮ ﻣﻦ اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ وﻟﯿﻜﻦ '‪6 Ǿ 22 /m‬‬
‫‪ Mu = 60 t.m‬ﻟﻠﺸﺒﻜﺔ اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ‬
‫]‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬ﯾﺘﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ارﺑﻊ ﻣﺮات ‪range‬‬
‫اﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ اﺣﺪھﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪ x‬واﻷﺧﺮ ﻓﻰ ‪y‬‬
‫واﺛﻨﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ اﺣﺪھﻤﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪ x‬واﻷﺧﺮ ﻓﻰ ‪ y‬اﯾﻀﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ M11 -1‬اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ‬
‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪ 1.5‬اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻓﯿﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺸﻜﻞ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﻰ ‪ :‬وﻧﻼﺣﻆ ان ﻛﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻠﺒﺸﺔ اﻗﻞ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﺸ ﺒﻜﺔ اى اﻧﮭ ﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘ ﺎج اى اﺿ ﺎﻓﻰ‬
‫ﺳﻔﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪ M22‬اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﺐ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪Y‬‬ ‫‪-2‬‬
‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫‪ 1.5‬اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻧﻼﺣﻆ اﯾﻀﺎ اﻧﮭﺎ ﻻ ﺗﺤﺘﺎج‬

‫أى اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺳﻔﻠﻰ ﻣﺎﻋﺪا ﻋﻨﺪ‬
‫اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﻤﻮﺟﻮدة اﺳﻔﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
‫وھﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺎت ﺻﻐﯿﺮة ﺟﺪا‬
‫ﺗﻘﻊ داﺧﻞ ﻣﺤﯿﻂ اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬
‫وﯾﻤﻜﻦ اھﻤﺎﻟﮭﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪ M11‬اﻟﻌﻠﻮي اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬ ‫‪-3‬‬
‫‪ 1.5‬اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ‬

‫ﻋﻠﻮي ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬ ‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮي ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮي ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه‬

‫‪x‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ‬
‫اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮي ﻓﻲ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪ M22‬اﻟﻌﻠﻮي اﻟﺴﺎﻟﺐ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪Y‬‬ ‫‪-4‬‬
‫‪ 1.5‬اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻋﺰم اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮى ‪Y‬‬

‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮى ‪Y‬‬
‫ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻛﺎﻣﻠﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮى ‪Y‬‬
‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ‬ ‫ﻧﺼﻒ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮى ‪Y‬‬

‫اﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﻋﻠﻮى ‪Y‬‬
‫]‬
‫** ﻻﺣﻆ ان اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻮى ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ‪.‬‬
‫**ﻃﻮل اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ اﻟﻌﻠﻮى ﯾﺴﺎوى ﻃﻮل اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﻤﻄﻠﻮب ﻓﯿﮭﺎ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ ﻣ ﻊ اﺿ ﺎﻓﺔ ﻃ ﻮل رﺑ ﺎط ‪60‬‬
‫ﻗﻄﺮ اﻟﺴﯿﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻛﻞ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﺔ وﺑﺸﺮط اﻻ ﯾﻘﻞ ﻋﻦ ‪ 0.7‬ﻣﻦ ﻃﻮل اﻟﺒﺤﺮ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻌﻤﻮدﯾﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫** ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻷﺿﺎﻓﻰ ﺳﻔﻠﻰ ﺳﯿﻜﻮن ﺗﺤﺖ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة وﯾﺠﺐ ان ﯾﻤﺘﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻛ ﻞ ﻧﺎﺣﯿ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻷﻗ ﻞ رﺑ ﻊ‬
‫اﻟﺒﺤﺮ اﻟﻤﺠﺎور ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪RAFT Reinforcement‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ ‪Stairs‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺴﻼﻟﻢ اﻟﺤﻠﺰوﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫‪Helical Stairs‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪Analysis of buildings due to Lateral loads‬‬

‫)‪(Wind and Earthquakes‬‬
‫اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻷﻧﺸﺎﺋﻰ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﺸﺂت ﺗﺤﺖ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‬
‫) اﻟﺮﯾﺎح واﻟﺰﻻزل(‬
‫اﻷھﺪاف ‪:‬‬
‫ﺳﻮف ﻧﻘﻮم إن ﺷﺎء اﷲ ﻓ ﻰ ھ ﺬا اﻟ ﺪرس ﺑﻌﻤ ﻞ ﺗﺤﻠﯿ ﻞ اﻧﺸ ﺎﺋﻰ ﻓ ﻰ ‪ 3-D‬ﺗﺤ ﺖ ﺗ ﺄﺛﯿﺮ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻷﻓﻘﯿ ﺔ وھ ﻰ إﻣ ﺎ أن ﺗﻜ ﻮن اﻟﺮﯾ ﺎح أواﻟ ﺰﻻزل ‪ .‬واﻟﻤﻔ ﺮوض ان ﺣﺼ ﻞ ﻓ ﻰ‬
‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾ ﺔ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻟﻌ ﺰوم واﻟﻘ ﻮى اﻟﻤﺤﻮرﯾ ﺔ ‪ Moments‬و ‪ axial forces‬اﻟﻨﺎﺗﺠ ﺔ ﻣ ﻦ‬
‫أﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟﺮﯾ ﺎح أو اﻟ ﺰﻻزل ‪ .‬وﯾ ﻨﺺ اﻟﻜ ﻮد اﻟﻤﺼ ﺮى ﻟﻸﺣﻤ ﺎل ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻧ ﮫ ﯾﺠ ﺐ أﺧ ﺬ‬
‫اﻟﺘﺄﺛﯿﺮ اﻷﻛﺒﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺳﻮاء اﻟﺮﯾﺎح او اﻟﺰﻻزل وﻻ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺟﻤﻊ اﻟﺮﯾﺎح او اﻟﺰﻻزل‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﻤﺜﺎل اﻟﺘﻄﺒﯿﻘﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺄ ﺛﻤﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻃﻮاﺑﻖ أرﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺪور اﻷرﺿﻰ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺘﺮ وﺑﻘﯿﺔ اﻷدوار ‪ 8‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻮف ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻟﻸﻏﺮاض اﻟﺴﻜﻨﯿﺔ ‪.‬‬
‫وﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ اﻧﺸﺎؤه ﻓﻰ ﻣﺪﯾﻨﺔ اﻟﺰﻗﺎزﯾﻖ ﺑﺠﻤﮭﻮرﯾﺔ ﻣﺼﺮ اﻟﻌﺮﺑﯿﺔ ) وھ ﻰ ﻓ ﻰ ﺧﺮﯾﻄ ﺔ‬

‫اﻟﺰﻻزل ﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﻨﻄﻘﺔ اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ )‪(Zone 3‬‬
‫وﺟﮭﺪ اﻟﺘﺮﺑﺔ ﺗﺤﺖ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت ‪B/C= 1.5 kg/cm2‬‬
‫وﺳﻮف ﯾﺘﻢ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﯾﺎح واﻟﺰﻻزل ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﺤ ﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳ ﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴ ﻠﺤﺔ‬
‫‪ shear walls‬ﺑﺎﻷﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺎھﻢ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻘﺎوﻣﺔ اﻟﻘﻮى اﻟﻌﺮﺿﯿﺔ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫‪o‬‬
‫‪90‬‬
‫ھﺬا اﻟﺴﻘﻒ ﺗﻢ ﺣﻠﮫ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻓﻰ ﺷﺮح اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت اﻟــ ‪ Flat slabs‬وﻣﻮﺟﻮد ﻣﻠﻒ اﻟﺴﺎب ﻟﮫ‪.‬‬
‫وﻟﯿﻜﻦ اﻧﻨ ﺎ ﺻ ﻤﻤﻨﺎ اﻷﻋﻤ ﺪة ﺗﺼ ﻤﯿﻤﺎ ﻣﺒ ﺪﺋﯿﺎ ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﻷﻛﺴ ﻞ ‪ Excel‬ﻋﻠ ﻰ اﺣﻤ ﺎل‬
‫‪. Dead , Live‬‬
‫وﻛﺎﻧﺖ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة ‪ 30x80‬ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫واﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ ‪ Shear walls‬ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ 25*250‬ﺳﻨﺘﯿﻤﺘﺮ‬
‫]‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮات اﻷﺳﺎﺳﯿﺔ ﻟﺤﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮةاﻷوﻟﻰ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪﻧﺎ ﻣﻨﺸﺎ ﻣﺮﺳﻮم ﻓﻰ ‪ plan X-y‬ﺑﻼﻃﺎت وﻛﻤﺮات وﻣﻮﺿﻮع ﻋﻠﯿ ﮫ اﻟﺮﻛ ﺎﺋﺰ ‪supports‬‬
‫وﻋﻠﯿﮫ اﻟﺤﻤﺎل ‪ Dead , Live‬وﻣﺤﻠﻮل ﻧﺘﯿﺠﺔ ھﺬه اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮأﺳﯿﺔ ‪ .‬وﺗﻢ ﺗﺼ ﻤﯿﻢ اﻷﻋﻤ ﺪة‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ Excel‬أو ﻋﻠﻰ أى ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ آﺧﺮ وﺣﺴﺎب اﺑﻌﺎد اﻷﻋﻤﺪة وﺗﺴ ﻠﯿﺤﮭﺎ ﻣﺒ ﺪﺋﯿﺎ‬
‫‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﻘ ﻮم ﺑﻔ ﺘﺢ ھ ﺬا اﻟﻤﻠ ﻒ ﺑﺈﺳ ﺘﺨﺪام ‪ Sap2000 V. 14‬ﺣﯿ ﺚ ان اﻷﺻ ﺪار اﻟﻌﺎﺷ ﺮ‬

‫واﻟﺜ ﺎﻧﻰ ﻋﺸ ﺮ ﺑﮭ ﻢ ﺧﻄ ﺄ ﻋﻨ ﺪ ادﺧ ﺎل اﺣﻤ ﺎل اﻟ ﺰﻻزل أو اﻟﺮﯾ ﺎح ﻓ ﻰ ﺷﺎﺷ ﺔ ﺗﻌﺮﯾ ﻒ‬
‫اﻷﺣﻤﺎل‪.‬‬
‫وﻧﻌﻤ ﻞ ‪ combination‬ﺗﺴ ﺎوى )‪ (Dead + 0.25 live‬ﺣﺴ ﺐ اﻟﻜ ﻮد اﻟﻤﺼ ﺮى اﻟ ﺬى‬
‫ﯾﻨﺺ ﻋﻠﻰ أن ﻣﺜﻞ ھﺬه اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺂت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﻟﻠﺴﻜﻦ ﯾﺘﻢ ﺣﺴﺎب أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻋﻠ ﻰ‬
‫أﺳﺎس اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺜﺎﺑﺖ ﺑﺄﻟﻀﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ ‪ 1/4‬ﻗﯿﻤﺔ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ اﻟﺤﻰ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﻧﺤﺴﺐ وزن اﻟﺪور اﻟﻮاﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ اﻇﮭﺎر ﺟﺪول ﺑﮫ ‪joint reactions‬‬

‫ﻓ ﻰ اﺗﺠ ﺎه ‪ force Z‬وذﻟ ﻚ ﻣ ﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤ ﺔ ‪ Display→ tables‬ﺛ ﻢ اﺧﺘﯿ ﺎر‬
‫‪ joint output‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﺤﺎﻟﺔ ‪Dead + 0.25 live‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ‪ ok‬ﻓﺘﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺸﺎﺷﺔ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﮭﺎ ‪ reactions‬ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ Z‬ﻓﻨﺠﻤﻌﮭﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوى ‪188.6‬‬
‫ﻃﻦ‬
‫وﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﯾﻜﻮن وزن اﻟﺪور ﯾﺴﺎوى ﻣﺠﻤﻮع ‪ 1.1 * reaction‬وذﻟﻚ ﻷﺧﺬ وزن اﻷﻋﻤﺪة‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﻷﻋﺘﺒﺎر ‪.‬‬
‫‪Weight of floor = 1.1*188.6 = 207 ton‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ‪ :‬ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ Excel‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﺸﯿﺖ اﻟﺠﺎھﺰ اﻟﺬى ﺻﻨﻌﻨﺎه‬
‫ﻟﺤﺴﺎب اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻞ دور ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ X‬و ‪ Y‬وھﻤﺎ ﻣﺘﺴﺎوﯾﯿﻦ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل‪.‬‬
‫]‬
EARTHQUAKE FORCES ACCORDING TO EGYPTIAN CODE 2008

BY Eng. Mahmoud Zaghlal Jan. 2010
INPUTS:
‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﻛﻮد اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﻤﺼﺮى‬

‫ﯾﺠﺐ ادﺧﺎل ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﺑﻌﻨﺎﯾﺔ‬
SOIL TYPE A,B,C or D = C
ZONE 1,2,3,4,5A or 5B = 3
2008
REDUCTION FACTOR (R) = 5
Total Weight of building (TON)= 1656
TOTAL HEIGHT of building (m)= 26
IMPORTANCE FACTOR 1 or 1.25= 1
OUR SOIL S TB TC TD
C 1.5 0.1 0.25 1.2
TYPES OF SOIL S TB TC TD
A 1 0.05 0.25 1.2
B 1.35 0.05 0.25 1.2
C 1.5 0.1 0.25 1.2
D 1.8 0.1 0.3 1.2
REDUCTION FACTOR (R) = 5 1
ZONE 1 2 3 4 5A 5B
ag 0.1 0.125 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3
WEIGHT (TON)= 1656
ag= 0.15
H= 26 m
T1=Ct(H)^3/4= 0.575705 seconds
IMPORTANCE= 1
CASE1 Sd(T)= -0.065889
CASE2 Sd(T)= 0.1125
CASE3 Sd(T)= 0.048853
CASE4 Sd(T)= 0.10183
FINAL Sd(T)= 0.048853

‫ھﻨﺎ ﯾﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﯿﺔ‬
λ= 1
.‫اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻦ‬
Total base shear Fb = 80.9008 ton
]
‫ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻟﺰال ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷدوار ‪DISTRIBUTION OF EQ FORCES‬‬
‫‪hi (m) from base level‬‬ ‫)‪Wi (TON‬‬ ‫‪hi.Wi‬‬ ‫)‪Fi (TON‬‬ ‫‪For X or Y directions‬‬
‫‪5‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪1035‬‬ ‫‪3.262129273‬‬
‫‪8‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪1656‬‬ ‫‪5.219406837‬‬

‫‪11‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪2277‬‬ ‫‪7.1766844‬‬
‫‪14‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪2898‬‬ ‫‪9.133961964‬‬
‫‪17‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪3519‬‬ ‫‪11.09123953‬‬
‫‪20‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪4140‬‬ ‫‪13.04851709‬‬
‫‪23‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪4761‬‬ ‫‪15.00579466‬‬
‫‪26‬‬ ‫‪207‬‬ ‫‪5382‬‬ ‫‪16.96307222‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ ﻓﻰ ھﺬا اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‬

‫ﻣﻨﺴﻮب ﻛﻞ دور ﻣﻘﺎﺳﺎ‬ ‫ﻓﻰ‬ ‫ﯾﺤﺴﺐ ھﻨﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﻣﻨﺴﻮب اﻷﺳﺎﺳﺎت‬ ‫ھﺬا‬ ‫اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﯿﺔ‬
‫ﺗﺮاﻛﻤﯿﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺘﺮ ‪......‬‬ ‫اﻟﻌﻤﻮد‬ ‫اﻟﻤﺆﺛﺮة ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وزن‬ ‫ﻛﻞ دور ﺣﺘﻰ‬
‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻧﺪﺧﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ‬
‫دور‬ ‫ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ اﻟـ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻦ‬ ‫‪Sap2000‬‬
‫‪...‬‬
‫‪SUMMATION‬‬ ‫‪1656‬‬ ‫‪25668‬‬ ‫‪80.90080597‬‬
‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺤﺴﺐ ھﻨﺎ وزن اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﻛﻠﮫ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻦ ‪.‬‬ ‫اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﯾﺤﺴﺐ ھﻨﺎ اﻟﻘﻮة اﻟﺰﻟﺰاﻟﯿﺔ اﻟﻜﻠﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺤﺴﺐ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل ﺳﻮاء ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ X‬أو ‪ Y‬ﻣﻊ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺔ أن‬
‫اﻟﻘﻮة ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ X‬ﺗﺆﺛﺮ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ اﻟﻤﻮازﯾﺔ ﻟﻼﺗﺠﺎه ‪ Y‬واﻟﻌﻜﺲ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Wx‬‬
‫‪Wy‬‬
‫ﻗﯿﻢ ‪Wy‬‬ ‫ﻗﯿﻢ ‪Wx‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﻟﺮﺟﻮع اﻟﻰ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ‪ sap2000 v14‬ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى وﻣﺴﺢ ‪ constraints‬اﻟﺘﻰ ﻗﺪ ﻧﻜﻮن‬
‫اﺳﺘﺨﺪﻣﻨﺎھﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪ plan X-Y‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻛﻠﮫ ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →Joint →constraints‬ﺛﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ‪ Null‬ﺛﻢ ‪ok‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﻛﻠﮫ ﺛﻢ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﻜﮫ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ z‬ﻷﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺘﺮ ‪ ,‬وھﻮ ارﺗﻔﺎع اﻟﺪور‬
‫اﻷرﺿﻰ‪.‬‬
‫‪Edit →Move‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫‪∆x‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆z‬‬ ‫‪5‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ Z‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ اﻟﺘﻨﻘﻞ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮﯾﺎت اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﻷﺳﻔﻞ وﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫وذﻟﻚ ﺑﻌﻤﻞ ‪ click‬ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﯾﻤﯿﻦ ﺛﻢ ‪Edit grid modify grid‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻨﻈﺎم اﻟــ ‪ Spacing‬ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪Z‬‬
‫‪Grid ID‬‬ ‫‪Spacing‬‬

‫‪5‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪3‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺴﺎﺑﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y plan‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ Z=5‬وﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ اﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﻨﺪھﺎ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ‬
‫‪ Extrude‬ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ z‬ﻷﺳﻔﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 5‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﺰرع أﻋﻤﺪة اﻟﺪور اﻷرﺿﻰ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Edit →Extrude →point to line →Linear‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ‬
‫‪∆x‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆z‬‬ ‫‪-5‬‬
‫‪Number‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر أى ﻗﻄﺎع ﻣﻦ ‪ property‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮه ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻣﻨﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ ﻣﺮة أﺧﺮى ﻣﻦ ‪ previous‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Extrude‬ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ z‬ﻷﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﻓﺔ‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻟﺰرع أﻋﻤﺪة اﻷدوار اﻟﻌﻠﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺴﺒﻌﺔ اﻟﺒﺎﻗﯿﯿﻦ ‪.‬‬
‫‪Edit →Extrude →point to line →Linear‬‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆x‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆z‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Number‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫وﻧﺨﺘﺎر أى ﻗﻄﺎع ﻣﻦ ‪ property‬ﺣﯿﺚ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮه ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺘﺎﺳﻌﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y plan‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ Z=0‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻂ وﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮭﺎ رﻛﺎﺋﺰ ‪Fixed‬‬
‫‪Assign → joint → restraints‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﻌﺎﺷﺮة‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻮى ‪ X-Y plan‬ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ Z=5‬وﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس اﻟﺴﻘﻼف ) ﻛﻤﺮات وﺑﻼﻃﺎت ( وﻧﻜﺮره‬
‫ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ Z‬ﺑﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ‪ 3‬ﻣﺘﺮ ﻋﺪد ‪ 7‬ﻣﺮات ‪.‬‬
‫‪Edit →Replicate →Linear‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪∆x‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆y‬‬ ‫‪0‬‬
‫‪∆z‬‬ ‫‪3‬‬
‫‪Number‬‬ ‫‪7‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺤﺎدﯾﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﻣﺠﺴﻤﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪ Extrude‬ﻟﺮؤﯾﺔ ﺿﺮب اﻷﻋﻤﺪة وﻧﺨﻔﻰ اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻈﮭﺮ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻓﻰ ‪ 3-D‬وﻟﻜﻦ ﻧﻨﻈﺮ ﻓﻰ ‪ X-y‬ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬

‫‪View→ set 3-D view →X-y‬‬
‫وﻧﻀﻊ زاوﯾﺔ ‪ Aperture‬ﺗﺴﺎوى ﺻﻔﺮ‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻷﻋﻤﺪة ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻰ اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ وﻧﺘﺄﻛﺪ اﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﻤﻨﺎ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎرھﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﯾﻂ اﻟﻤﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ ﻓﻰ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ‪.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮭﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻣﻦ ‪Assign →frame →section :‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﮭﺎ ﻣﻦ ‪ Add new property‬وﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﺑﻌﺎد اﻟﻌﻤﻮد ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪ X‬ﺛﻢ ﻓﻰ‬
‫اﺗﺠﺎه ‪Y‬‬
‫‪Y‬‬
‫‪X‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻣﻠﺤﻮﻇﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫ﻓﻰ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ اﻟﺤﺎﺟﺔ ﻟﺘﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺿﺮب ﻋﻤﻮد ﻣﺎ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺄﺧﺘﯿﺎره ﺑﻨﻔﺲ اﻟﻄﺮﯾﻘﺔ ) ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺎوس ﻣﻦ اﻟﺸﻤﺎل اﻟﻰ‬
‫اﻟﯿﻤﯿﻦ( ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →frame→ local axes‬‬
‫ووﺿﻊ اﻟﺰاوﯾﺔ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﺮﯾﺪھﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻘﻠﻞ ‪ stiffness‬ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت واﻟﻜﻤﺮات ﺣﺴﺐ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى‬

‫ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات ‪I eff = 0.5 Ig :‬‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت ‪I eff = 0.25 Ig :‬‬
‫ﻟﻸﻋﻤﺪة وﺣﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻘﺺ ‪I eff = 0.7 Ig :‬‬
‫أى أﻧﻨﺎ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻛﻞ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة وﺣﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﻘﺺ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign →Frame→ property modifier‬‬
‫وھﻜﺬا اﻟﻜﻤﺮات ‪ 0.5‬واﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت أﯾﻀﺎ ‪0.25‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﻟﻠﺒﻼﻃﺎت‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺜﺎﻟﺜﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﺨﺘﺎر اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ ﻛﻠﮫ ‪ select All‬ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺼﺺ ﻟﮫ ‪ diaphragms‬ﺣﺘﻰ ﯾﻤﻜﻨﻨﺎ أن ﻧﻀﻊ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬
‫اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل واﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﺑﻌﺪ ذﻟﻚ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign→ joint→ constraints‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ‪ diaphragms‬ﺛﻢ ‪ Add new constraint‬وﻧﺠﻌﻠﮫ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪. Z constant‬‬
‫وﯾﺠﺐ أن ﻧﻌﻠﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ اﻷﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺴﻔﻠﻰ وھﻮ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Assign different diaphragms to each (Z) level.‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ‪OK‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺮاﺑﻌﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻌﺮف ﺣﺎﻻت ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Define → load patterns :‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻀﯿﻒ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻛﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﺤﻤﯿﻞ أﻓﻘﯿﺔ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ رﯾﺎح أو زﻻزل وﻧﻀﻐﻂ ﻋﻠﻰ ﯾﻤﯿﻨﮭﺎ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Modify Lateral Load Patterns‬‬
‫]‬
‫وﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل واﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﺣﺴﺐ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﮭﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺪﯾﺎﻓﺮاﻣﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎھﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻣﻊ ﻣﺮاﻋﺎة‬
‫أن اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل ﺗﻮﺿﻊ ﻋﻨﺪ ‪ center of Mass‬وﻗﺪ ﺗﻜﻮن ﻣﺰاﺣﺔ ﯾﻤﯿﻨﺎ أو ﯾﺴﺎرا ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫اﻟﺸﻰء وﻗﺪ أﻓﺘﺮض اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى ازاﺣﺔ ﻧﺴﺒﯿﺔ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮض اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺎ ﺗﺴﺎوى ‪ 0.05‬ﻣﺜﻞ اﻷﻛﻮاد‬
‫اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ اﻷﺧﺮى وﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻧﻨﺎ ﻗﺪ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻛﻞ اﺗﺠﺎه ﺣﺎﻟﺘﯿﻦ ﻟﻠﺰﻻزل ﻣﺮة ‪ e = 0.05‬وﻣﺮة اﺧﺮى‬
‫‪ e = -0.05‬ﺳﻮاء ﻓﻰ ‪ X‬أو ‪. Y‬‬
‫‪EQx2‬‬
‫‪e = -0.05‬‬
‫‪Mass center‬‬
‫‪e = 0.05‬‬
‫‪EQx1‬‬
‫أﻣﺎ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ﻓﺈﻧﮭﺎ ﺗﻮﺿﻊ أوﺗﻮﻣﺎﺗﯿﻜﯿﺎ ﻓﻰ ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﻮاﺟﮭﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟــ ‪. sap2000‬‬
‫]‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺨﺎﻣﺴﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺤﻔﻆ اﻟﻤﻠﻒ ‪ Save‬ﺛﻢ ﻋﻤﻞ ‪ Run‬ﻟﺠﻤﯿﻊ اﻟﺤﺎﻻت ﻣﺎﻋﺪا ‪Dead ,live , Modal‬‬
‫اﻟﺨﻄﻮة اﻟﺴﺎدﺳﺔ ﻋﺸﺮ‪:‬‬
‫ﻧﻌﻤﻞ ﺗﺠﻤﯿﻌﺔ ‪ combination‬ﻟﺤﺴﺎب أﻗﺼﻰ ﻋﺰوم وﻗﻮى ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻤﺪةى واﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ‬
‫اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ‪ Shear walls‬ﻣﻦ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Define→ load combinations→ Add new combo‬‬
‫وﻧﻀﻊ ﻟﮭﺎ اﺳﻢ ﻣﺜﻼ ‪ Max‬وﻧﻮﻋﮭﺎ ‪ Envelope‬ﯾﻌﻨﻰ أﻧﮭﺎ ﺳﺘﺄﺧﺬ اﻗﺼﻰ ﻗﯿﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ‬
‫اﻟﺤﺎﻻت اﻟﺘﺎﻟﯿﺔ ‪:‬‬
‫أدﺧﻠﻨﺎ ھﻨﺎ اﻟﺰﻻزل ﻛﻠﮭﺎ ﻣﻘﺴﻮﻣﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1.4‬ﻻن اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى ﯾﺤﺴﺐ أﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺰﻻزل‬
‫‪ Ultimate‬ﯾﻌﻨﻰ ﻟﺰم ﻧﻘﺴﻤﮭﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ‪ 1.4‬ﻟﺘﺤﻮﯾﻠﮭﺎ اﻟﻰ ‪ Working‬وﻣﻘﺎرﻧﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﺄﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺮﯾﺎح ‪.‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺈﻇﮭﺎر اﻟﻌﺰوم ﻟﻠــ ‪ Frames‬ﻟﻠــ ‪ Combo‬اﻟـــ ‪ MAX‬اﻟﺘﻰ ﻋﺮﻓﻨﺎھﺎ ﺳﺎﺑﻘﺎ‬
‫‪→M22‬‬
‫‪→M33‬‬
‫‪→Axial forces‬‬
‫وﻟﺮؤﯾﺘﮭﺎ ﺑﻮﺿﻮح ﻧﻘﻮم ﺑﺎﺧﻔﺎء اﻟﺒﻼﻃﺎت‪.‬‬
‫‪M33‬‬ ‫‪M22‬‬
‫وﻧﻘﻮم ﻓﻰ اﻟﻨﮭﺎﯾﺔ ﺑﺘﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻷﻋﻤﺪة واﻟﺤﻮاﺋﻂ اﻟﺨﺮﺳﺎﻧﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺴﻠﺤﺔ ‪ shear walls‬ﻋﻠﻰ اﺣﻤﺎل اﻟــ‬
‫‪ Dead , Live‬اﻟﻘﺪﯾﻤﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﺿﺎﻓﺔ اﻟﻰ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل اﻟﺠﺪﯾﺪة ﻣﻦ اﻗﻮى اﻷﻓﻘﯿﺔ ‪...‬‬
‫]‬
‫ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷﺟﺰاء اﻟﮭﺎﻣﺔ ﻓﻰ اﻟﻜﻮد اﻟﻤﺼﺮى ﻟﻸﺣﻤﺎل ﻟﺴﻨﺔ ‪ 2008‬اﻟﻨﺴﺨﺔ‬

‫اﻟﻨﮭﺎﺋﯿﺔ‬
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كورس ساب 14 PDF

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كورس ساب 14 PDF

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‫ﺷﺮح ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺳﺎب ‪(Sap 2000 ver.

‫‪SAP 2000 ver. 14‬‬

‫‪solid elements‬‬ ‫‪Area elements‬‬ ‫‪Frame elements‬‬

‫‪R.c. Retaining walls‬‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪End i‬‬

‫‪Examples using frame elements‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ ‪2-D‬‬

‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪5 t/m‬‬ ‫‪5t‬‬

‫‪5t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬ ‫‪10t‬‬

Examples using frame and area elements

2-D ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ‬

Flat slab Beam

Beam (frame element)

3D ‫ﻣﻨﺸﺎت ﻳﺘﻢ ﺣﻠﮫﺎ ﻓﻰ‬

‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ‬ ‫وﺳﺎﺋﻞ اﻻﺧﺘﯿﺎر‬

‫ﻨﻅﺎﻡ ﺍﻹﺤﺩﺍﺜﻴﺎﺕ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﻭﺤﺩﺍﺕ‬

‫‪z‬‬ ‫‪Types of Axes:‬‬

‫ھﻰ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﺨﺎﺻﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ‬ ‫‪local axis‬‬

‫‪global axis x-y-z‬‬

‫ﻻﺣﻆ أن اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻟﯿﺲ ﻟﮫﺎ ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ‪.‬‬

‫وﺗﺘﺒﻊ اﻟﻤﺤﺎور اﻟﻤﺤﻠﯿﺔ أو اﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﯿﺔ ﻗﺎﻋﺪة اﻟﯿﺪ اﻟﯿﺴﺮى ‪:‬‬

‫ﺧﻄﻮات اﻟﺘﺤﻠﯿﻞ اﻹﻧﺸﺎﺋﻲ ‪(X-Z) plane:‬‬

‫‪ -2‬ﻋﻤﻞ ﺧﻄﻮط ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪة ﻓﻰ اﻟﺮﺳﻢ )‪.(grid lines‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ اﻟﺒﺮﻧﺎﻣﺞ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﻮاد و اﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت ﻟﻠﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ اﻟﺘﻰ ﺳﯿﺘﻢ‬

‫‪ -4‬رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎت اﻟﺘﻰ ﺗﻢ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﮫﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ‪.‬‬

‫‪ -5‬وﺿﻊ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ )‪(supports‬‬

‫‪ -6‬وﺿﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ﻋﻠﻰ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﺳﻮاء ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ‪ joint loads‬أو‬

‫ب‪ -‬ﺣﻞ اﻟﻤﻨﺸﺄ )‪(Analysis - run‬‬

‫‪file‬‬ ‫ﺛﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪→new model‬‬

‫أو ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻳﻂ اﻷدوات‬

‫ﻳﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر ﻣﻠﻒ ﻓﺎرغ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﺔ ﻣﻦ ‪grids‬‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪y‬‬

‫ﻋﺪد ﺧﻄﻮط اﻟﺸﺒﻜﺔ ﻓﻲ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪z‬‬

‫اﻟﻤﺴﺎﻓﺔ ﻓﻰ اﺗﺠﺎه ‪x‬‬

‫أول ﺧﻂ ﺷﺒﻜﺔ ﻟـ ‪X‬‬

‫‪ -3‬ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﻤﻮاد اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ اﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪Define →Materials‬‬

‫‪fc' = 0.8 fcu‬‬

‫وﻧﻌﺪل ‪ Modify‬اﻟﻤﺎدة اﻟﺜﺎﻧﯿﺔ وھﻰ ‪ A992Fy50‬وﻧﻌﻄﯿﮭﺎ أﺳﻢ ‪Steel‬‬

‫وﻧﻀﯿﻒ ‪ Add new Material‬ﻟﻤﺎدة ﺟﺪﯾﺪة ﻟﺘﻌﺮﯾﻒ اﻟﺤﺪﯾﺪ اﻟﻄﻮﻟﻲ ﻟﻠﻜﻤﺮات‬

‫ﻣﺜﻼ ھﺬه اﻟﻘﯿﻢ ﻟﺤﺪﻳﺪ ‪St. 36/52‬‬

‫‪E steel=2e7 t/m2‬‬

‫‪Fyield =36000 t/m2‬‬

‫‪ -4‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻗﻄﺎع ‪ Frame elements‬وذﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺎﺋﻤﺔ ‪:‬‬

‫ﻻﺳﺘﯿﺮاد ﻗﻄﺎع ﺟﺎھﺰ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻠﻒ وﯾﺼﻠﺢ‬

‫ﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﻗﻄﺎع ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎده وﯾﻔﻀﻞ ﻓﻰ‬

‫ﺛﻢ ﻧﺪﺧﻞ اﻷﺑﻌﺎد ﻟﻠﻘﻄﺎع وﻧﺨﺘﺎرﻧﻮع ﻣﺎدﺗﮫ‬

‫‪ -5‬رﺳﻢ اﻟﻌﻨﺎﺻﺮ )‪(frame elements‬ﺑﺎﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﺑﺎﻟـ ‪ grids‬اﻟﺘﻲ ﺗﻢ‬

‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪ bracing‬ﻓﻰ ﺑﺎﻛﯿﺔ ﻣﺤﺼﻮرة‬

‫ﻟﺮﺳﻢ ‪ secondary beams‬ﻓﻰ ﺑﺎﻛﯿﺔ‬

‫ﺗﻈﮫﺮ ﺷﺎﺷﺔ ﻧﺨﺘﺎر ﻣﻨﮫﺎ اﻟﻘﻄﺎع‬

‫‪ -6‬ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺮﻛﺎﺋﺰ ‪ supports‬وذﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ ﺛﻢ ‪:‬‬

‫‪Assign → joint → Restraint‬‬

‫‪-7‬وﺿﻊ اﻷﺣﻤﺎل ‪:‬‬

‫‪Area loads‬‬ ‫‪frame loads‬‬ ‫‪joint loads‬‬

‫‪1- joint loads‬‬

‫‪Mx x‬‬ ‫‪Py‬‬

‫* وﻳﺘﻢ ﺗﺨﺼﯿﺺ اﻟﺤﻤﻞ إﻟﻰ اﻟﻨﻘﻄﺔ‬

‫‪2- Frame loads:‬‬

‫‪Point loads‬‬ ‫‪Distributed loads‬‬

‫‪Uniform load‬‬ ‫‪trapezoidal load‬‬

‫ﻟﺘﺨﺼﯿﺺ ﺣﻤﻞ ﻛﻨﺴﺒﺔ ﻣﻦ وزن اﻟﻌﻨﺼﺮ‬

‫‪local axes of frames‬‬