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Sapir Whorf PDF
Sapir Whorf PDF
hypothesis?
Based on
a powerpoint presentation by
NT Rusiyanadi
Outline
• Introduction
• Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
• Study done by Kay & Kempton
• Conclusions with regards to the Sapir-Whorf
hypothesis
• New evidence and general conclusions
2
Introduction
3
Short history
6
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis I
• Linguistic relativity:
– Structural differences between languages are paralleled
by nonlinguistic cognitive differences
(the structure of the language itself effects cognition)
– The number and the type of the basic colour words of a
language determine how a subject sees the rain bow
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Sapir-Whorf hypothesis II
8
Sapir-Whorf hypothesis III
• Arbitrariness
– The semantic systems of different languages vary
without constraint.
– This hypothesis must be tacitly assumed, because
otherwise the claim that Linguistic Relativity
makes is rather undramatic.
– For each decomposition of the spectrum of the rain bow
a natural system of colour words is possible
9
Tests of the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis
• Two experiments:
– Experiment 1: Tests whether linguistic relativity exists
– Experiment 2: Tests whether ‘name strategy’ can be
used as the explanation for the underlying cognitive
mechanism in experiment 1
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Experiment 1
11
Color distinction in English and
Tarahumara
12
Stimuli and method
13
Stimuli
green | blue
|
light |
A---1.27---B---1.00---C---1.00---D
|
E---1.27---F---1.14---G---1.15---H
|
dark |
14
Color distinction in English and
Tarahumara
15
Question
16
Results of experiment 1
17
Estimated triads distances
green | blue
|
|
B---1.0 ---C---1.00---D
Tarahumara 1.3 1.00
English 2.27 1.00
18
Conclusions of experiment 1
19
Name Strategy
20
Experiment 2
21
Experiment 2
22
Results of experiment 2
23
Stimuli BCD
green | blue
|
|
B---1.00---C---1.00---D
English 14 7 (no signif. difference)
24
Stimuli ABC
green | blue
|
|
A---1.27---B---1.00---C
English 17 4
25
General conclusions
26
New evidence
27
Final Conclusion
28
References
• Paul Kay und Willett Kempton (1984): What is the Sapir-Whorf-
hypothesis? American Anthropologist 86, 65-79.
• Emre Özgen and Ian R. L. Davies (2002): Acquisition of
categorical color perception: A perceptual learning approach to the
linguistic relativity hypothesis. J. of Experimental Psychology:
General, 131, 477–493.
• D. Roberson, I. Davies & J. Davidoff (2000): Colour categories
are not universal: Replications and new evidence in favour of
linguistic relativity. J. of Experimental Psychology: General, 129,
369-398.
• D. Roberson, J. Davidoff & N. Braisby (1999) Similarity and
categorisation: Neuropsychological evidence for a dissociation
in explicit categorisation tasks. Cognition 71, 1-42.
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