Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Acknowledgements
The ideas and illustrations come from many sources. The help and guidance received from many individuals are
gratefully acknowledged.
Thanks are due to members of the original project’s Advisory Group for their time and effort in helping to make the
project feasible and in bringing it to fruition. The members of the Advisory Group are listed on the inside back cover.
TCC55X Axial Column Shortening (24 storeys) was sponsored by Adams Kara Taylor.
User Guide v1 published by the British Cement Association on behalf of the Reinforced Concrete Council.
User Guide v2 published electronically by The Concrete Centre.
User Guide v3 published by The Concrete Centre. CCIP-008 - July 2006
CCIP publications are produced on behalf of the Cement and Concrete Industry Publications Forum – an industry
initiative to publish technical guidance in support of concrete design and construction.
All advice or information from MPA - The Concrete Centre is intended for those who will evaluate the significance and limitations of its contents
and take responsibility for its use and application. No liability (including that for negligence) for any loss resulting from such advice or information
is accepted by MPA - The Concrete Centre or their subcontractors, suppliers or advisors. Readers should note that MPA - The Concrete Centre
publications are subject to revision from time to time and should therefore ensure that they are in possession of the latest version.
Contents
User Guide to
RC Spreadsheets: v4
(Addendum to v3)
Contents
CONTENTS IN FULL AND LOCATION OF GUIDANCE 2
INTRODUCTION 4
GENERAL NOTES 6
USING THE SPREADSHEETS 8
AMENDMENTS TO V3 SPREADSHEET DESCRIPTIONS 9
ADDITIONAL SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 11
TCC15 Axially Loaded Walls and Columns 11
TCC22 FE Assistant 12
TCC55X Axial Column Shortening 14
TCC62 Retaining Wall Design 16
TCC63 Core Wall Design 21
TCC94 Two Way Slab 24
REFERENCES 27
1
Contents in full and location of guidance
Contents in full and location of guidance in User Guides to RC Spreadsheets: v3 and v4
User Guide
v3 v4
INTRODUCTION 1 4
GENERAL NOTES 3 6
Using the spreadsheets 10 8
Amendments to V3 spreadsheet descriptions 9
Menu.xls 16
SPREADSHEETS TO EUROCODE 2 179 11
General notes to Eurocode 2 versions 181
Elements TCC11 Element Design.xls 185
TCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 194
TCC13 Slab Punching.xls 196 9*
TCC14 Crack Width.xls 201
TCC15 Resistance of Axially Loaded Walls/Slabs 11
Analysis TCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 205
TCC22 FE Assistant 12
Slabs TCC31 One-way Slabs.xls 208
TCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 214
TCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A&D).xls 221
TCC33 Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 228
TCC33X Flat Slabs (A&D).xls 237
Beams TCC41 Continuous Beams.xls 243 9*
TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams.xls 249
TCC42 Post-tensioned Analysis & Design.xls (Beta) 256
TCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 264
Columns TCC51 Column Load Take-down Design.xls 270
TCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 276
TCC53 Column Design.xls 278
TCC54 Circular Column Design.xls 280
TCC55 Axial Column Shortening.xls 282 10*
TCC55X Axial Column Shortening (24 storeys) 14
Walls TCC62 Retaining Wall Design.xls 16
TCC63 Core Wall Design 21
Stairs TCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 284
Foundations TCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 287
TCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 291
Tabular versions TCC94 Two Way Slab 24
* Amendment
2
Contents in full and location of guidance
User Guide
v3 v4
SPREADSHEETS TO BS 8110 17
Elements RCC11 Element Design.xls 19
RCC12 Bending and Axial Force.xls 26
RCC13 Punching Shear.xls 28
RCC14 Crack Width.xls 33
Analysis RCC21 Subframe Analysis.xls 35
Slabs RCC31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D).xls 38
RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs.xls 43
RCC32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D).xls 50
RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs.xls 56
RCC33 Flat Slabs (A & D).xls 64
Beams RCC41 Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 72
RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams (A & D).xls 78
RCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs & Beams (A & D).xls 85
RCC43 Wide Beams (A & D).xls 107
Columns RCC51 Column Load Take-down & Design.xls 113
RCC52 Column Chart generation.xls 118
RCC53 Column Design.xls 120
RCC54 Circular column charting.xls 123
Walls RCC61 Basement Wall.xls 125
RCC62 Retaining Wall.xls 132
Stairs RCC71 Stair Flight & Landing - Single.xls 139
RCC72 Stairs & Landings - Multiple.xls 142
Foundations RCC81 Foundation Pads.xls 146
RCC82 Pilecap Design.xls 149
Tabular versions RCC91 One-way Solid Slabs (Tables).xls 158
RCC92 Ribbed Slabs (Tables).xls 161
RCC93 Flat Slabs (Tables).xls 166
RCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls 173
RCC95 Continuous Beams (Tables).xls 175
ADMIN FOLDER 298
REFERENCES AND FURTHER READING 299 27
3
Introduction
The RC spreadsheets were originally produced The spreadsheets are intended to follow normal design
under the Reinforced Concrete Council’s project, practice and cater for the design of low- to medium-
‘Spreadsheets for concrete design to BS 8110 and EC2’. rise multi-storey concrete framed buildings. They are
They were released in January 2000 and have been offered as shareware. However, users are required to
maintained and extended by the RCC and its successor register when using them in any commercial capacity*.
The Concrete Centre. They continue to be supported by
The Concrete Centre. The original project was jointly funded by the RCC and
the Department of the Environment Transport and the
Version 4 of the User Guide covers version 4 of Regions (DETR) under its Partners in Technology scheme.
the spreadsheets. The Concrete Centre series It was made possible by the support and contributions
of spreadsheets have been updated in line with of time given by individual members of industry.
amendment 1 of the UK National Annex to Eurocode 2 The project was managed by the RCC and guided by
in December 2009. Whilst BS 8110 was ‘withdrawn’ by an 80-strong Advisory Group of interested parties,
BSI early in 2010, it was recognised that some projects including consulting engineers and software houses.
and indeed some practitioners may wish to continue
using this standard in the short to medium term. Thus In producing the original spreadsheets several issues
the RCC series of spreadsheets have been updated and had to be addressed. Firstly, which spreadsheet package
are reissued. should be used? Excel (© Microsoft Corporation)
appeared to hold about 70% of the market amongst
In 2006, the introduction of Eurocode 2[2], its structural engineers and was thus adopted. More
National Annex and Amendment of BS 8110:1997[3] specifically, Excel ’97© was originally adopted as
necessitated the revision of all the spreadsheets being de facto the most widely available spreadsheet
produced to that date and the publication of version 3 in the field. To avoid complications, it was decided
of the User Guide. The third edition of the User Guide not to produce corresponding versions using other
provided guidance on the use of all spreadsheets spreadsheet packages. The spreadsheets are compatible
produced to July 2006. with later versions of Excel.
The vast majority of version 3 of the User Guide Whilst the spreadsheets to BS 8110 provide a
remains valid and the decision was made that consensus of current commercial reinforced concrete
version 4 should take the form of an addendum design practice, the spreadsheets to Eurocode 2,
to version 3. Therefore only those areas that are provide a consensus of design procedures to this
significantly different or new are contained in version new design code. The introduction of Eurocode 2 will
4. For instance, version 4 formally introduces five new provide commercial opportunities for those who are
spreadsheets to the Eurocodes. Detailed descriptions prepared to use it. The spreadsheets should help with
of the majority of spreadsheets will be found in version the transition between Eurocode 2 and BS 8110.
3 of the User Guide.
It is believed that both novices and experienced users
For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets allow of spreadsheets will be convinced that spreadsheets
the rapid production of clear and accurate design have a great potential for teaching BS 8110 and
calculations. The spreadsheets allow younger users to Eurocode 2, improving concrete design and, above
understand concrete design and help them to gain all, improving the concrete design and construction
experience by studying their own ‘what if’ scenarios. The process.
individual user should be able to answer his/ her own
questions by chasing through the cells to understand Version 2.x
the logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can be The version 2.x released in 2003[4] introduced new
interrogated and can have their formulae checked spreadsheets to BS 8110, to the more finalised EN
and values traced. The original spreadsheets reflected 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2) and an overarching menu
a consensus of opinion on several design issues. spreadsheet. Previously issued spreadsheets to BS
The version 3 Eurocode 2 spreadsheets reflected 8110 were updated.
a consensus of opinion of a limited number of
engineers. Version 4 Eurocode spreadsheets benefit
from a few years use - students and young engineers
may follow the ‘model’ calculations presented in the
spreadsheets to form an understanding of current
reinforced concrete design.
4
Introduction
The new spreadsheets introduced were: TCC71 Stair Flight and Landing - single
Menu TCC81 Foundation Pads
TCC82 Pilecap Design
BS 8110
RCC31R Rigorous One-way Slabs Spreadsheets numbered RCCen11, RCCen12 etc
released as Beta versions were released for use as
RCC32R Rigorous Ribbed Slabs TCC11, TCC12 etc.
RCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams
RCC43 Wide Beams (A&D) Version 4
RCC54 Circular Column Design The release of version 4 of the spreadsheets follows
the publication of amendment AMD 1 of the UK
RCC82 Pilecap Design
National Annex to Eurocode 2 to BS EN 1992-1-1
(Eurocode 2)[2] Whilst BS 8110 was ‘withdrawn’ by BSI
Eurocode 2 early in 2010, it was recognised that some projects and
RCCen11 Element Design indeed some practitioners may wish to continue using
this standard in the short to medium term. Thus the
RCCen12 Bending and Axial Force
RCC series of spreadsheets have been updated and are
RCCen13 Punching Shear reissued. The opportunity has been taken to formally
RCCen14 Crack Width introduce new spreadsheets as follows:
RCCen21 Subframe analysis
Eurocode 2
RCCen31 One-way Solid Slabs (A & D)
RCCen31R Rigorous* One-way Solid Slabs TCC15 Resistance of Axially Loaded Walls/slabs
RCCen32 Ribbed Slabs (A & D) TCC22 FE Assistant
RCCen33 Flat Slabs (A & D) TCC62 Retaining Wall Design
RCCen41 Continuous beams (A & D) TCC63 Core Wall Design
RCCen41R Rigorous* Continuous Beams TCC94 Two Way Slab
RCCen43 Wide Beams (A&D)
Using and improving the
RCCen52 Column Chart generation
RCCen53 Column Design
spreadsheets
Since their release in 2000 the spreadsheets have
RCCen55 Axial Column Shortening
proved to be enormously popular. They may now be
RCCen81 Foundation Pads regarded as having now been thoroughly tested by
RCCen82 Pilecap Design engineers in practice but this does not mean that
they are infallible! The user is referred to Managing
Version 3 the spreadsheets and other General Notes that follow.
The release of version 3 of the spreadsheets followed
The usefulness and robustness of previous spreadsheets
the publication of BS EN 1992-1-1 (Eurocode 2)[2]
have been enhanced by user feedback. Please email
and the UK National Annex and the publication
helpdesk@concretecentre.com with any suggestions or
of Amendment 3 to BS 8110 Part 1: 1987. The
comments. Comments or suggestions for improvement
requirements within these documents necessitated the
are welcomed. Contact The Concrete Centre’s Helpdesk
revision of all previously published spreadsheets. The
at helpdesk@concretecentre.com.
opportunity was taken to introduce new spreadsheets
as follows:
BS 8110
RCC82 Pilecap Design
Eurocode 2
TCC33X Flat Slabs (Whole floor)
TCC41R Rigorous Continuous Beams
TCC42 Post-tensioned Slabs and Beams
(A&D) (b version)
TCC43 Wide Beams (A&D)
TCC54 Circular Column Charting
5
General notes
Managing the spreadsheets These circumstances include:
People without adequate structural engineering
Use knowledge or training may carry out the
structural analysis.
Spreadsheets can be a very powerful tool. Their use
has become increasingly common in the preparation There may be communication gaps between
of design calculations. They save time, money and the design initiator, the computer program
effort. They provide the facility to optimise designs developer and the user.
and they can help instill experience. However, these A program may be used out of context.
benefits have to be weighed against the risks associated The checking process may not be sufficiently
with any endeavour. These risks must be recognised fundamental.
and managed. In other words appropriate levels of
supervision and checking, including self-checking, must, The limitations of the program may not be
as always, be exercised when using these spreadsheets. sufficiently apparent to the user.
For unusual structures, even experienced
Advantages engineers may not have the ability to spot
For the experienced engineer, the spreadsheets help weaknesses in programs for analysis and detailing.
in the rapid production of clear and accurate design
calculations for reinforced concrete elements. The The committee’s report continued: “Spreadsheets are,
contents are intended to be sufficient to allow the in principle, no different from other software…” With
design of low to medium-rise multi-storey concrete regard to these spreadsheets and this publication,
framed buildings. The Concrete Centre hopes to have addressed more
specific concerns by demonstrating “clear evidence of
Spreadsheets allow users to gain experience by studying adequate verification” by documenting the principles,
their own ‘what if’ scenarios. Should they have queries, theory and algorithms used in the spreadsheets. The
individual users should be able to answer their own spreadsheets have also had the benefit of the Advisory
questions by chasing through the cells to understand Group’s overview and inputs. Many, especially the
the logic used. Cells within each spreadsheet can be spreadsheets to BS 8110, have had several years
interrogated, formulae checked and values traced. use and maintenance. Inevitably, some unconscious
Macleod[8] suggested that, in understanding structural assumptions, inconsistencies, etc. will remain.
behaviour, doing calculations is probably not a great
advantage; being close to the results probably is. Liability
A fundamental condition of use is that the user
Other benefits include quicker and more accurate accepts responsibility for the input and output of the
reinforcement estimates, and the possibilities for computer and how it is used.
electronic data interchange (EDI). Standardised, or at
least rationalised, designs make the checking process As with all software, users must be satisfied with the
easier and quicker. answers these spreadsheets give and be confident
in their use. These spreadsheets can never be fully
Appropriate use validated but have been through Beta testing, both
In its deliberations[9] the Standing Committee on formally and informally. However, users must satisfy
Structural Safety (SCOSS) noted the increasingly themselves that the uses to which the spreadsheets
wide-spread availability of computer programs and are put are appropriate.
circumstances in which their misuse could lead to
unsafe structures. Control
Users and managers should be aware that spreadsheets
can be changed and must address change control
and versions for use. The flexibility and ease of use
of spreadsheets, which account for their widespread
popularity, also facilitate ad hoc and unstructured
approaches to their subsequent development.
6
General Notes
Application
The spreadsheets have been developed with the
goal of producing calculations to show compliance
with codes. Whilst this is the primary goal, there is a
school of thought[9] that designers are primarily paid
for producing specifications and drawings that work
on site and are approved by clients and/ or checking
authorities. Producing calculations happens to be a
secondary exercise, regarded by many experienced
engineers as a hurdle on the way to getting the project
approved and completed. From a business process
point of view, the emphasis of the spreadsheets might,
in future, change to establishing compliance once
members, loads and details are known. Certainly this
may be the preferred method of use by experienced
engineers.
Summary
With spreadsheets, long-term advantages and savings
come from repeated use but there are risks that
need to be managed. Spreadsheets demand an initial
investment in time and effort, but the rewards are
there for those who make the investment. Good design
requires sound judgement based on competence
derived from adequate training and experience, not
just computer programs.
7
Using the spreadsheets
Frequently Asked Questions Help is also available at the following places:
Within Excel under Help to the right hand side
Macros of the spreadsheets, cells under Operating
Instructions contain help and error messages.
When loading the individual spreadsheets, Excel may
warn about the presence of macros. All the macros Queries may be emailed to
provided in the files are either to allow automated helpdesk@concretecentre.com. Preference will
printing of the ‘calculations’ or to provide choices by be given to those who have registered.
way of combo-boxes. The printing macros have been
assigned to buttons. Turning the macros off may affect Support
the actual function of the spreadsheets but will Any questions, comments, developments and
certainly make printing of the sheets as configured suggestions are welcomed. Please email them to
more difficult and make the choice of options very helpdesk@concretecentre.com.
much more difficult.
Preference will be given to those who are registered,
Fonts as detailed above.
Unless the appropriate fonts Tekton and Marker
(supplied in the CD-ROM) have been installed by the Availability/registration
user, the appearance on screen will be different from The spreadsheets may not be used for commercial
that intended. These upright fonts have been used purposes until the user has purchased and validated a
to emulate a designer’s handwriting and to allow licence. Licences may be purchased from The Concrete
adequate information to be shown across the page Bookshop www.concretebookshop.com or via The
and in each cell. Concrete Centre website. Licences may be validated
via www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets. The
If problems are experienced it is most likely that the purchase price includes:
fonts on your computer screen will have defaulted to Permission to use the spreadsheets
the closest approximation of the fonts intended (e.g. for commercial purposes for at least one year
the toolbar may say Tekton but a default font such as
A hard copy of this publication and User Guide
Arial will have been used). The spreadsheets will work
to RC Spreadsheets: v3
but not as intended – ends of words may be missing,
numbers may not fit cells resulting in a series of hashes, CD-ROM containing RC Spreadsheets: v4,
#####. Column width and cell overlap problems only together with Admin files, which themselves
occur when the correct fonts are not loaded. contain fonts, issue sheets, user guide files etc.
Occasional e-mails to inform registrants of any
It is strongly recommended that the Tekton and Marker revisions or changes to the spreadsheets or
fonts are copied into your computer’s font library. The other relevant information
Freeware fonts may be found in the Fonts folder on
Details of how to download updates of the
the CD-ROM.
spreadsheets
They may be copied in the following manner, either: Preferential treatment with regard to support
Start/Settings/Control Panel/Fonts/ File/ Add
Further information, updates, FAQs, free trial download
Fonts and when asked ‘copy fonts to system
versions of some spreadsheets, latest news and other
directory?’ answer ‘yes’.
information on the RC-Spreadsheet suite is available
or on www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets
Through Microsoft Explorer and copying (or
dragging) the font files into your font library, Overseas use
usually contained in Windows/ Set-up/ Fonts The spreadsheets have been developed and maintained
for use within the UK. The Concrete Centre reserves the
Help right to pass details of non-UK registrants to any future
A printed copy of this User Guide is available from The owner of the non-UK copyright or overseas distributor
Concrete Bookshop www.concretebookshop.com. The of the spreadsheets.
User Guide is also available as an Adobe Acrobat file
User Guide pdf (on the CD-ROM). A copy of Adobe Updates
Acrobat Reader will be required to read this file. Registrants will be provided with information on how
to download updates.
8
Amendments to v3 spreadsheet descriptions
Changes to the National Annex included: The methods used for determining b are described in
Use of BS 8500 for recommendations for Clauses 6.4.3(3) for internal columns, 6.4.3(4) for edge
concrete quality for a particular exposure class columns and 6.4.3(5) for corner columns. However at
and reinforcement cover. the time of writing [July 2010], there is a gap in the
Values of k1 and k2 in Cl 4.4.1.3(4) (cover to perimeter column clauses in that no method is given
foundations rationalised) for calculating U1* when the slab edge does not align
with the outside face of the column. This omission
Limiting value of cot y where shear coexists with has been queried with BSI committee B525/2, but in
applied tension the meantime, the following assumptions have been
Strength reduction factor for concrete cracked in made:
shear (v1 in Cl 6.2.3(3)) Slab edge outside column - U1* unchanged
Limit of vED < 2 vRdc at the first punching shear but U1 increases.
perimeter (Cl 6.4.5(4)) Slab edge inside column - U1* unchanged
Spacing of links in columns using concrete but MIN[1.5d, 0.5C1] replaced by MIN[1.5d,
stronger than C50/60 0.5(C1 –inset)].
Clarification of crack width calculation
(Table NA.4) If the Eurocode 2 committee decide that a differing
method is more appropriate in these situations, the
Revisions to span : depth verification of
spreadsheet will of course be updated. In the meantime,
deflection (Table NA.5, Notes 5 and 6)
we are confident that the methods currently used are
safe to use.
Details of changes to individual spreadsheets may
be found in the Notes! sheet of each spreadsheet or
Other recent changes to this spreadsheet include:
within the latest version of Spreadsheet Issue sheet .xls
within the ADMIN folder. Changes to span : depth and vEd,max corrected to 0.5vfcd
punching shear calculations caused the more major Correction to edge column face shear when hole
amendments to the spreadsheets. Amendments that on North face of column.
warrant further discussion are outlined below. New routine for hole reductions at column faces.
It should be noted that the encastré option available In the determination of punching shear stresses,
in many spreadsheets is intended to enable modelling Version 4 deducts loads within the loaded area.
of continuity of more than 6 spans.
9
TCC55 Axial Column Shortening
Following the release of TCC55 a number of enquiries
were received which resulted in the following FAQ
being released giving additional guidance for the axial
column shortening spreadsheet.
A3: No – this will not work. This input only fixes when
the permanent portion of the imposed loading is
applied.
10
TCC15 Resistance of Retaining Members.xls
11
TCC22 FE Assistant.xls
This spreadsheet provides values of creep factors,
concrete tensile strengths and free shrinkage strains for
use with finite element slab design programs that take
account of concrete cracking (non-linear analysis). The
methods used are those recommended in Concrete
Society Technical Report No TR58, “Deflections in
concrete slabs and beams”. With programs that do
not account for cracking, creep factors substantially
HIGHER than those calculated by this spreadsheet
should be employed, to allow for the increased
displacements caused by cracking and shrinkage.
h, fct, e!
This single sheet consists of all of the main input and
output. Most inputs, which are in blue and underlined,
should be self-explanatory. In addition to the loading
history and the inputs mentioned above, there is a
switch which allows for construction loading from
a slab above to be taken into account. In many
instances, this temporary construction loading will
determine the critical values required for FE design.
Calculations!
Calculations! provides the detailed derivations for
the combined creep factor h, autogenous and free
shrinkage strains eca and eed, and critical concrete
tensile strength fctm(t).
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
12
TCC22 FE Assistant /h, fct, e!
TCC22 FE Assistant/Calculations!
13
TCC55X Axial Column Shortening.xls
This spreadsheet works out axial column shortenings Operation is identical to spreadsheet TCC55, except
exactly as TCC55, except that it will cater for up to 24 that at the top of the MAIN! page, it is now possible to
storeys. As it is a larger file, it has been included as a enter three different phases for the application of the
separate spreadsheet. permanent portion of the imposed loading.
14
TCC55X Axial Column Shortening.xls
15
TCC62 Retaining Wall.xls
TCC62.xls designs simple retaining walls with stems The designer should determine the characteristic soil
up to 3.0 m high. While section design is to Eurocode parameters’ from the Site Investigation Report, local
2, this spreadsheet has been developed using the knowledge or for estimation purposes from appropriate
geotechnical rules and methods contained in Eurocode text or guidance*. Related design properties are then
7[5]. In particular, reference has been made to TCC automatically derived using the two sets of partial
“How to” leaflets number 8 “Foundations” and load and material factors according to the UK National
number 9 “Retaining Walls”[6]. The approach is very Annex to BS EN 1997. Thus, Combination 1 and
different from that of the earlier BS8110 spreadsheet Combination 2 values of earth pressure coefficients
(RCC62). Instead of comparing characteristic pressures and factored loads are calculated. Formulae for each
with a “permissible” maximum value, two ultimate property and action are shown at the right hand side
combinations of actions are employed together with of the sheet.
two sets of factored resistances.
In determining earth pressures, the simplified Rankine’s
The spreadsheet is intended to cover only short walls formula for smooth vertical walls has been employed
and to help ‘general’ engineers who, from time to time, (calculation model A in ‘How To’ leaflet 9). However
design retaining walls as part of a wider interest in when the heel projection, bh is too small to strictly
structures rather than the specialists. The 3.0 m wall meet Rankine criteria, reduced values of c (angles
height is an arbitrary limit set for short wall which is of active thrust to horizontal) are used. For the
intended to cover over 90% of the cases encountered calculation of ultimate bearing pressures, rectangular
in general structural designs. Although many of the stress blocks are used.
design principles still apply to higher walls, criteria
such as wall movements and the validity of the The spreadsheet is based on a number of assumptions
assumptions made (e.g. no wall friction or inadequate which should be assessed as being true or erring on
drainage behind the wall) require further consideration the safe side in each case. These are:
and investigation. The spreadsheet does not cover Wall friction is zero
embedded (e.g. contiguous bored pile) retaining walls.
Granular backfill is used. Even a small value
The effects of compaction pressures are considered for of effective cohesion, c´, can significantly reduce
the wall stem design, but because of their short-term active pressures. However, to acknowledge
and localised nature, they are not considered to be the fact that many retaining walls are built
critical in terms of bearing or sliding. with granular backfill for drainage and to err on
the side of caution, the spreadsheet assumes
Stability analysis is done about the toe of the base. only cohesionless materials.
(Stability analysis taken about toe of nib is ignored; The spreadsheet does not include checks on
the nib is a section sticking down from general level rotational slide/ slope failure. The location of any
of the base, and stability analysis about its toe can nib influences potential slip planes.
give strange answers). Global slope stability checks The spreadsheet check on deflection of the wall
are not undertaken in the spreadsheet and should be does not include that due to base rotation.
addressed using other means. Input is required only on
The spreadsheet is not intended for walls
the first sheet.
over 3.0 m high.
DATA! The spreadsheet includes for concrete self
weight.
This single sheet consists of all of the main inputs.
Most inputs, which are in blue and underlined, should Adequate drainage system is provided behind
be self-explanatory. The key diagram at the top of the wall.
the sheet defines most input parameters. The active Checks for temperature/shrinkage effects are
diagram below serves as a visual check on geometric not included.
data. Operating instructions and error messages are The spreadsheet does not include checks on the
shown in column L: hints on sizing are given at effects of seepage of ground water beneath the
L26:L39. The lower ground level must be at least level wall.
with the top of the base. Covers required are nominal
covers to bending reinforcement. Many engineers have reservations about including
the effect of passive pressure in front of the wall
so a combo box is provided at cell L16, where the
inclusion of passive pressure can be switched on or off.
Where passive pressure is allowed, an allowance for
unplanned excavation in front of the base is made in
16
TCC62 Retaining Wall.xls
GEODesign!
GEODesign! considers sliding, overturning about the
toe (toppling) and bearing pressures for Combination
1 and Combination 2. Again formulae for each action,
moment and parameter are shown at the right hand
side of the sheet. The relevant partial factors are
not shown in these formulae but are used in the
appropriate cells.
RCDesign!
The wall stem, base, heel and shear key are in turn
designed and checked for flexure, shear, and bar
spacing. For the concrete section Combination 1 is
critical. In addition a span/depth deflection check is
made on the stem.
Weight!
Weight gives the approximate weight of reinforcement
required per metre length of wall. Simplified curtailment
rules are used. The figures should be regarded as
estimates as the spreadsheet cannot deal with
designers’ and detailers’ preferences, rationalisation,
steps, changes in levels or direction etc.
Ref!
Ref! Defines the values of various parameters used
in the spreadsheet. These include NPDs according to
Eurocode 2 and the partial factors for Combination
1 and Combination 2 according to the UK National
Annex to Eurocode 7. Details of compaction plant
loads and basic formulae are given.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
17
TCC62 Retaining Wall / DATA!
18
TCC62 Retaining Wall.xls
19
TCC62 Retaining Wall / RCDesign!
20
TCC63 Core Wall Design.xls
GEOMETRY!
This single sheet contains of all of the inputs for basic
building plan geometry and core dimensions. Most
inputs, which are in blue and underlined, should be
self-explanatory. The legend diagram at the top of the
sheet defines the geometry input parameters, and the
active diagram below serves as a visual check on the
input of core dimension data.
CORE!
On this sheet the total characteristic lateral moments
in each direction are input, then after selecting one
of the cores, the local coordinates and characteristic
values of up to eight vertical loads are entered.
After selecting the type of building usage, six ULS
combinations are calculated and stresses (both
compressive and tensile) and required reinforcement
are produced for up to eight locations within the core.
Again, there is an active diagram as a visual check on
the input of vertical loads.
Gra!
This page contains only data used in generating the
various charts.
Ref!
Ref! Defines the values of various parameters used in
the spreadsheet. These include NPDs according to
Eurocode 2 and the c values from Table A 1.1 of BSEN
1990.
Notes!
This sheet gives disclaimers and revision history.
21
TCC63 Core Wall Design / GEOMETRY!
22
TCC63 Core Wall Design.xls
23
TCC94 Two-way slabs (Tables).xls
This spreadsheet designs restrained two-way solid WEIGHT!
slabs in accordance with Eurocode 2. Moment and
shear factors have been taken from Tables 3.14 and Weight! gives an estimate of the amount of
3.15 of BS 8110: Part 1 (these yield-line factors are reinforcement required in a slab. Simplified curtailment
equally valid for use with EC2). Input is required on the rules are used to determine lengths of bars. The figures
first two sheets. should be treated as approximate estimates only as
they cannot deal with the effects of designers’ and
detailers’ preferences, rationalisation, the effects of
MAIN! holes, etc. To the right of the sheet are
This single sheet consists of the input and main calculations of bar length, etc.
output. In itself it should prove adequate for the design
of restrained two-way slabs. Inputs are underlined and Support widths are required as input as they affect
most should be self-explanatory. curtailments and lengths.
24
TCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls
25
TCC94 Two-way slabs (Tables).xls / Weight!
26
TCC94 Two-way Slabs (Tables).xls
References
1 GOODCHILD C H & WEBSTER R M User Guide to
RC Spreadsheets: v3, CCIP-008. The Concrete
Centre, 2006.
2 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 1992
1-1, Eurocode 2 – Part 1-1: Design of concrete
structures – General rules and rules for buildings.
BSI, 2004. Including National Annex to BS EN
1992-1-1, Eurocode 2 – Part 1-1: Design of
concrete structures – General rules and rules for
buildings 2005 incorporating National Amendment
No 1, BSI, 2009.
3 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS 8110: 1997
Structural use of concrete. Part 1. Code of practice for
design and construction. British Standards
Institution, London, 1997 up to and including
Amendment 4.
4 GOODCHILD C H & WEBSTER R M User Guide to
RC Spreadsheets: v2, The Concrete Centre, Published
electronically based on GOODCHILD C H &
WEBSTER R M User Guide to RC Spreadsheets.
British Cement Association on behalf of the
Reinforced Concrete Council
5 BRITISH STANDARDS INSTITUTION. BS EN 1997-1,
Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design Part 1: General
rules. BSI, 2004 Including National Annex to BS EN
1997-1, Eurocode 7 – Geotechnical design
6 BROOKER, O. et al. How to design concrete
structures using Eurocode 2 (compendium), CCIP
006. The Concrete Centre, 2006.
7 NARAYANAN, R S & GOODCHILD, C H, Guide to the
Design and Construction of Concrete Basements,
TCC CCIP-044, Due 2010
8 MACLEOD, I.A. ET AL. Information technology for the
structural engineer. The Structural Engineer, Vol. 77,
No. 3, 2 February 1999. pp. 23 - 25.
9 STANDING COMMITTEE ON STRUCTURAL SAFETY,
Standing Committee on Structural Safety, 10th
Report, July 1992-June 1994, SETO Ltd, London,
1994 pp. 32
27
28
The Advisory Group Members
S Alexander H Dikme G King M Perera
S Alhayderi C P Edmondson S King B Quick
Dr H Al-Quarra J Elliot K Kus Y Raqif
I Baldwin I Feltham I Lockhart A Rathbone
C Barker G Fernando M Lord M Rawlinson
M Beamish M Fernando B Lorimer P Reynolds
A Beasley I Francis M Lovell H Riley
T Bedford A Fung Dr Luker N Russell
G Belton P Gardner J Lupton U P Sarki
R Bhatt J Gay M Lytrides T Schollar
R Bickerton P Green Prof I Macleod A Stalker
P Blackmore A Hall F Malekpour A Starr
D Blackwood N Harris A McAtear M Stevenson
M Brady G Hill A McFarlane B Stoker
C Buczkowski D W Hobbs F Mohammad B Treadwell
A Campbell R Hulse A Mole A Truby
Dr P Chana M Hutcheson M Morton R Turner
G Charlesworth A Idrus R Moss T Viney
L Cheng N Imms B Munton Dr P Walker
Mr Chichger P Jennings C O’Boyle B Watson
R Collison D Kennedy Dr A Okorie J Whitworth
A Craddock G Kennedy T O’Neill C Wilby
M Morton R Jothiraj B Osafa-Kwaako S Wilde
J Curry Dr S Khan D Patel A Wong
J Dale A King D Penman E Yarimer
User Guide to RC Spreadsheets: v4 (Addendum to v3)
This update to the user guide provides guidance Charles Goodchild is Principal Structural Engineer
on the use of RC Spreadsheets v4 for the design for The Concrete Centre where he promotes efficient
of reinforced concrete elements. concrete design and construction. He was responsible
for the concept, content and management of this
publication and of the RC Spreadsheets.
The release of version 4 of the spreadsheets and user
guide follows revision of The Concrete Centre series
in line with amendment AMD 1 of the UK National Rod Webster of Concrete Innovation & Design is
Annex to Eurocode 2 . The RCC series of spreadsheets principal author of the spreadsheets. He has been
remain suitable for design calculations to the BS writing spreadsheets since 1984 and is expert in the
8110 (up to and including Amendment 4), which was design of tall concrete buildings and in advanced
‘withdrawn’ in early 2010. analytical methods.
For more information on the spreadsheets visit
www.concretecentre.com/rcspreadsheets
CCIP 053
Published August 2010
© MPA - The Concrete Centre