Professional Documents
Culture Documents
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Submitted to- Ms. Eeshani Saraswat
Submitted by- Atul Kaul
A0101909216 (A-42)
MBA- General
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³èhe bodily gestures, postures, and facial expressions by which a person communicates
nonverbally with others´ - (Soukhanov 1992:211).
KIESICS:
POSè RE
GESè RE
FACIAL EXPRESSIOS
GAZE / EYE COèACè
³ Body language and G are based on the behavioral patterns of nonverbal
communication, but kinesics is still so new as a science that its authorities can be
counted on the fingers of one hand " -(Fast 1970:9).
2. FORWARD/ BACK when people are leaning forward and pointing towards you
they are actively accepting or rejecting the message. When they are leaning back,
looking up at the ceiling, doodling on a pad, cleaning their glasses they are either
passively absorbing or ignoring it.
B :
i l i
T :
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?c @i t t il i it i i t t l
i ti i t i t ti
?c ¢ iti tt
il i t il
i iti l
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il
i
titi
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it
iltt
lili
ilti
i !l
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C t t
à
C t
Gazing p èhinking
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Gazing Down Shame c
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Gaze on the Side Guilty c
Wandering Disinterested, Bored c
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A.4. Arms
Isn¶t it exiting
Rubbing the palms together
A.6. Fingers
V Sign up yours
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Vocalic (also called paralanguage) deals with vocal cues, more accurately referred to
as then on phonemic qualities of language. èhese include accent, loudness, tempo, pitch,
cadence, rate of speech, nasality and tone, insofar as these convey meaning. Vocalic is
sometimes subdivided into several categories. Vocal characterizers include laughing, crying,
yawning, and so on. èhese can be associated with culture, such as the different ways various
cultures accept the practice of belching. Vocal qualifiers such as volume, pitch, rhythm and
tempo also are associated with cultural distinctions. In Arab culture, for example, speaking
loudly connotes sincerity, whereas in orth America it often is interpreted as aggressive.
Vocal segregates (sounds such as mmmm,uh-huh, oooo) likewise also differ among various
cultures. Vocal rate deals with the speed at which people talk, another factor that offers
various interpretations.
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èhe radius of the air bubble around suburban middle class white people living in
Australia, ew Zealand, England, orth America and Canada is generally the same. It
can be broken down into four distinct zone distances.
Of all the zone distances, this is by far the most important as it is this zone that a
person guards as if it were his own property. Only those who are emotionally close to
that person are permitted to enter it. èhis includes lovers, parents, spouse, children,
close friends and relatives. èhere is a sub-zone that extends up to 15 centimetres (6
inches) from the body that can be entered only during physical contact. èhis is the close
intimate zone.
èhis is the distance that we stand from others at cocktail parties, office parties,
social functions and friendly gatherings.
We stand at this distance from strangers, the plumber or carpenter doing repairs
around our home, the postman, the local shopkeeper, the new employee at work and
people whom we do not know very well.
?c èhe use of nonverbal cues is affected by variables such as gender, culture, and
technology.
?c èhe ways men and women use nonverbal cues reflects societal practices.
?c èo a large degree, people modify their use of nonverbal cues depending on the
culture they belong to or identify with.
?c onverbal communication is also affected by whether communication is
occurring on-or off-line.
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Chronemics deals with the use of time as an element of communication. Formal time
is measured in minutes, hours, days, and so on. Informal time is measured relative to seasons,
social customs, lunar cycles, etc. Chronemics involves specifics such as punctuality (which
can be monochromic or M-time and polychronic or P-time) along with patterns of dominance
or deference within a communication situation. For example, studies show that men are more
likely than women to dominate a conversation and interrupt another speaker. Chronemics
also deals with time from the standpoint of social settings, such as the likelihood among
Americans of arriving early for business meetings but being ³fashionably late´ for social
activities, while in Latin American and Arab culture, business people often arrive at a time
Westerns would consider ³late,´ taking business meetings as occasions for hospitality and
socializing. Meanwhile, the Sioux language doesn¶t even have a word for ³late,´ reflecting a
very relaxed attitude toward time. Chronemics also considers the use of monochronemics
(doing one thing at a time, emphasis on schedules and promptness, getting to the point
quickly) versus polychronemics (doing several things at a time, emphasis on people and the
whole of a relationship). Studies show that the monochronemic conversation (talking about
one thing at a time) is common in orthern Europe and orth America. Meanwhile, Latin
American, Asian, Middle Eastern and Mediterranean cultures are more likely to use
polychronemic conversation (multiple conversations at the same time, and frequent
interruption by other speaker-listeners).
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c Haptics focuses on touching as an element of communication, indicating both the type
of touch as well as its frequency and intensity. Like many other elements of nonverbal
communication, haptics is very much a function of culture. It has been noted, for example,
that Mediterranean, Middle Eastern and Latin American cultures employ much social
touching in conversation, including embraces and hand-holding; these are called high-contact
(or high-touch) cultures. In moderate-touch cultures such as orth America and orthern
Europe, touching is used only occasionally, such as in handshakes and sporadic shoulder
touching or back slapping. In low contact cultures such as in orthern Asian cultures,
meanwhile, social touching is rarely used at all. But the geography is by no means that
simple. People in the Asian nation of the Philippines, for example, use a large amount of
social touching in conversation and personal interaction. Even within a culture, haptics vary.
For example, handshakes vary in length and strength of grip depending on the actual (or
hoped for) degree of intimacy between the two people shaking hands.c
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