Proceeding Simposium Nasional IATMI

25 - 28 Juli 2007, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta

_______________________________________________________________________________

SUBSURFACE GEOLOGICAL MODELS OF SEMANGGI BROWNFIELD

CEPU BLOCK – JAVA
Oleh :

Premonowati*, Carolus Prasetyadi*, Sigit Rahardjo**, Jonli Sinulingga**, Yayan

Sulistiyana*** , Dadang Rukmana***,
*Dept. of Geological Engineering, FTM-UPNVY
**PT Pertamina
*** BPMIGAS

ABSTRACT

Field Classification:
Basin : Northeast Java
Basin Type : Foreland Basin.
Reservoir Type : Sandstone intercalate with limestone
Depositional Environment: Trangressive Sheet sand in Shallow marine.
Reservoir Age : N8 – N9 (Early of Mid Miocene).
Petroleum Type : Oil and Gas
Trap Type : Upthrust anticline and normal fault in Rembang Anticlinorium.

The west block of Semanggi field is more productive than in east block. Stratigraphycally, from the ten
layers of I until X, the producing layers is IIIB, VII and VIII. The producing layers thickness is between 5 to
13 meter. The 9 MFS datum has devide lithostratigraphy of area as follow: Tawun formation (Layers IX &
X), Ngrayong (IV until VIII), Wonocolo ((III), and Bulu (I to II) until depth 875 meter. Regionally, MFS9
from Semanggi correlated to eastward in Nglobo field. The age of reservoir is between N8 to N9 (early of
Mid Miocene).

The seismic interpretation and acoustic impedance analysis is used to sub surface mapping reveals the west to
eastward anticline, with double plunging upthrust. There are 10 normal fault between them with NNE-SW
directly and downdip to eastward. The fourth compartment is separate productive wells, S02 with S04 and
S02 with S03.

The Ngrayong formation is deposited in inner to middle neritic with strongly influenced to sea level
fluctuation. The geological models is transgressive (aggradasi) sheet sand in shallow marine.
Keywords : Reservoir Ngrayong formation, Layers IIIB, VII and VIII, transgressive sheet sand model.

INTRODUCTION brownfield locations is nearby within Nglobo,

Ledok except Kawengan field as small
Semanggi as brownfield (Figure 1) have anticlines. Geographycally, Semanggi field is
developed by PT PERTAMINA EP Region located about 35 kilometer northwest from
Java and produced 250 BOPD (PERTAMINA, from Cepu, District of Blora, Middle of Java.
2004, Unpublished Report). The other Since their hidrocarbon producer by BPM in
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IATMI 2007-TS-01
 Proceeding Simposium Nasional IATMI
25 - 28 Juli 2007, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
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1900, amount of wells 89 wells, within status:
69 producing wells and 20 dry hole. Almost all
wells are pumping wells except flowing well is
S02. The lattest production (September 2006),
6 wells producing wells are: S71, S79, S80,
S83, S02 and S03. The reservoir lithology are
sandstone intercalated with limestone, there
are: I, II, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, VII, VIII and IX
within deep between 400 and 1270 m
Productive layers are IIIB, VII and VIII. The
West block has many well that produced since
year 2000. From that 3 layers, S02 well is
produce oil continuously, but 2 wells nearby
those well has intermittently and dry
(PERTAMINA, 2004, Unpublished Report).
To get optimizing productions, we
generate geologic, geophysics and reservoir
problems. The selected data from 9 logs well
(6 logs with ELAN), 5 line seismic (tying to
S02 by sinthetic seismogram), and cutting
from west block well, thin sections analysis
and sedimentology report. Conventionally,
methods are reinterpretate structural and
stratigraphic correlation within datum of
Maximum flooding surfaces delineation. The
seismic and their Impedance Acoustic of each
produce layers have reanalyzed within RMS,
Maximum also Minimum Amplitude. It has
revealed heterogeneity of producing layers
from their density and lateral continuity. By
using Geoframe software to get geological
modelling of the field.
Regional Geology
Semanggi field is located in western part
of Cepu Block in Rembang Zone of Northeast
Java Basin. The Rembang Zone consists of
series of E-W oriented hills with maximum
elevation of about 500 m. Those hills
generally represent anticlines that may or may
not be faulted (Van Bemmelen, 1949).
The East Java Basin has formed and
controlled during the Cenozoic, the relative
movement of The Indian, Eurasian and
Australian plates. The basin exhibits
complexity of structural, tectonic inversion
and and sea level fluctuation influences, so it
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IATMI 2007-TS-01
knows an extensive shallow marine carbonates
and siliciclastics influx and active subsidence
until 9000 m thickness of clastic sedimen
(Hamilton, 1979; Bransden and Matthews,
1992). The Paleogene rifting in East-Java
reevaluate regionally as part of back-arc
extensional system that influenced by
Southeast Eurasia plate. During the rifting on
Paleogene extension, the horst and graben
formed NE-SW trending (Hamilton, 1979).
During Eocene - Oligocene, first transgressive
formed shallow marine sedimentation within
carbonated and build up reef from Prupuh,
Kujung, and Ngimbang formation (Bransden
and Matthews, 1992). The Neogene uplift as
orthogonal compression result from
subduction between plates. During Miocene,
the clastic deltas from the north
(Koesoemadinata and Pulunggono, 1975), or
various marine sand facies (Ardhana et al,
1993). In Late Miocene until Pliocene,
tectonic movement formed east-west fold and
north-south faulted within inversion and
flower structure. Structurally, the two fault
reactivation events that resulted newest fault
setting. It was following microplate accression
on East-Java Sea in Latest Cretaceous. Firstly,
the reactivation that involved fase Paleogene
extentional phase on Pre-Tertiary overthrust
that resulted locally electric extentional gentle
geometry. Secondly, reactivation during
Neogene inversion as Paleogene major faults
removed resulting maximum uplift from
Paleogene depocenter.
Petroleum System
Compilling from many source, the
potential source rock in Northeast Java Basin
has riched organic from Ngimbang formation
in Eocene in age. It is found in deep wells and
it’s deposited as shallow marine sediment,
transitional environment, deltaic and lake
deposits, with TOC about 1,1%, in depth 2500
meter to resulting hidrocarbon. Kerogen type
as sapropel algal from lake have mixed with
plants material from high plant that potentially
producing hidrocarbon. Hidrocarbon Specific
 Proceeding Simposium Nasional IATMI
25 - 28 Juli 2007, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
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gravity in Northeast Java Basin about 10o –
60o API, but the biggest production 30o – 40o
API. Kujung formation conformable overlaid
on potential source rock. Lithologically, shale
”Orbitoid Kalk” organic rich in Late Miocene
particularly as source rock in onshore from
this basin. The migration or maturation have
induced from Middle to Upper Miocene as
fault tectonic inversion on Paleogene
sedimnetation and Neogene from source rock
to reservoir. Its caused by heat flow factor,
quick inversion in RMK Zone (Rembang-
Madura-Kangean), reactiviation, and
subsidence on northern part of RMK Zone
after burial phase.
Manur and Barraclough (1994), concluded
that generally structural trap types is thrusting
faulted block boundaries, with reef complexes
of Oligocene to Pliocene and Late Miocene
compression/inversion structure. This trap also
formed from rift and graben boundaries on
anticlines of Rembang Anticlinorium.
In this area, hidrocarbon forming start on
early faulted of Mid-Eocene to Oligocene
associated with heat flow during inversion
phase. Reactivation during Mid-Miocene
deformation has formed flower structure and
folds towards Early Pleistocene (Suparyono
and Lennox, 1989).
Structural Analysis
Geology of Semanggi field is part of W-E
anticline on West Cepu High. Seismic profile
(inline sections on Figure 2A and crossline on
Figure 2B) shows two regionally thrust faults
A (South) and B (North) with double plunging
anticline. This fault bounded southernpart and
northern part of W-E Semanggi clossure
(Figure 2). There are ten NNE-SSW direction
of normal faults between regional thrust faults
within downdipping to eastward. The normal
faults have blocked into A, B, and C
compartment. This faults have bounded the
wells between S02 and S04 also S02 and S03.
Stratigraphy
Based on well log correlations (Figure 3),
Semanggi fields derived into 9 MFS datum or
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IATMI 2007-TS-01
10 sequences. Stratigraphycally, it consist of
from basement, Upper Tawun formation,
Ngrayong, Wonocolo, and Bulu.
Lithostratigraphycally, the horizones have
been mapped of reservoir and non productive.
From depth 875m, 10 layers (horizons) are:
IIa, IIb (Bulu formation), IIIA, IIIB
(Wonocolo formation), IV, V, VA, VIA, VIB,
VII, VIII (Ngrayong formation), IX dan X
(Upper Tawun formation). The productive
horizons are: Layers IIIB, VII and VIII, within
an upside potentially horizons are: VIA and
IX. Those layers are continously from West
Block to East Block, within 5 to 23 meter
thickness. The East Block has least
production, caused from Dutch colonialism.
The Ngrayong is early of Mid-Miocene in
age, based on first appearance of Orbulina
universa (N9) and Globigerinoides sicanus
that real young stage from Globigerinoides
bisphericus (in Bolli, 1957). Globigerinoides
sicanus first and once occured in depth 704m,
although Globigerinoides bisphericus first
appearance abundant in depth 818m – 658m.
The datum of Orbulina universa and Orbulina
bilobata of N9 from depth 694m.
.
Geological Model of Semanggi sub-surface
mapping
Based on 5 seismic line analysis, the
normal fault has bounded for 3 compartments,
are: A, B, and C from layer IIIB (youngest
productive layer), but from layers VII to IX
will became 1 compartment. The Acoustic
Impedance map with RMS attribute,
Maximum and Minimum Amplitude shows
heterogeneity of productive and non
productive layers. It also has resulted density
distribution toward WNW-SE directions
(Figure 4). Operationally, it used Geoframe
software in PT Pertamina Region Java,
Cirebon.
Sedimentation Analysis
Reservoir rock of Ngrayong formation
shows homogeneity layers and continuously
from west to eastward (Figure 5). Based on
 Proceeding Simposium Nasional IATMI
25 - 28 Juli 2007, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
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biostratigraphy and fossils content,
petrography analysis and sedimentology
analysis, Ngrayong formation deposited in
Inner neritic to Middle Neritik with sea level
fluctuation influence. The sub-surface
geological models of Semanggi field is
transgressive (aggrading) sheet sand in
shallow marine. Trangressive (aggrading)
Sheet sand is shallow marine that formed
intercalation between sandstone and shale
continuous vertically and laterally during
transgression phase. During Early Miocene
formed W-E regionally thrust fault direction.
After Ledok deposition in Late Miocene, it
formed NNE-SSW normally faults directions.
The faults have occurred compartmentalism
and make partially connection between 2
productive wells form layer IIIB (Figure 6),
VII and VIII.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The Semanggi brownfield has devided into
2 blocks, are the West Block has many well
that produced since year 2000, and the East
Block with least production (since Dutch)
and has leaved.
2. The 9 MFS marker is devided into 10
sequences. The Semanggi subsurface
mapping is devided into 13 layers
(productive and non productive) is consist of
layer I, II, IIA, IIB, IIIA, IIIB, IV, V, VIA,
VIB, VII, VIII and IX within deep between
400 and 1270 m Productive layers are IIIB,
VII and VIII and VIB called upside potential
layer.
3. The age of Ngrayong reservoir is early of
Mid-Miocene or N9 (in Blow, 1959).
4. The two W-E thrust faults regionally and 10
NNE-SSW normal faults between them.
Thrust faults has formed first and followed
normal faults after Ledok deposition. The
normal fault has blocked compartmentalism
between productive wells and layers.
5. The layer IIIB has devided into three blocks
and layers VII, VIII has become one block.
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IATMI 2007-TS-01
The productive well between S02-S04 has
called partially connection.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
We would like to thank the PT
PERTAMINA-Region Java (Mr. Pudjo, Mr.
Yudha, Mr. Panca Priantara) and BPMIGAS
for their founded, given permission to
published and their valuable
recommendations. We want to thanks to
Geology & Petroleum Engineering
Department, FTM - UPNVY and Grant
Teamwork (Mr. Syaefuddin, Mr. Joko
Pamungkas and Mr. Dedy Kristanto) have
provided support to this study.
REFERENCES
Ardhana, W., Lunt, P. And Burgon, G.E.,
1993. The deep marine sand facies of the
Ngrayong formation in the Tuban Block,
East Java Basin, 118-175. Indonesian
Petroleum Association, Clastic Core
Workshop.
Bolli, H.M., 1957, Planktonic foraminifera
from Oligocene- Miocene Cipero and
Lengua Formations of Trinidad, B.W.I.,
US National Museum Bulletin 215: 97-
123.
Blow, W.H., 1969, Late Middle Eocene ro
Recent planktonic foraminiferal
biostratigraphy. Proceedings of the First
International Conference on Planktonic
Microfossils Geneva, 1967, 1: 199-422.
Bransden, P.J.E. and Matthews, S.J., 1992,
Structural and stratigraphic evolution of
the East Java Sea, Indonesia. Proceedings
Indonesian Petroleum Association, 21st
Annual Convention, I: 417-453. British
Museum (Natural History), Geology
Bulletin, 19: 85-137.
 Proceeding Simposium Nasional IATMI
25 - 28 Juli 2007, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
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FIGURE 2. SEISMIC PROFILE (INLINE

Hamilton, W., 1979. Tectonics of the SECTIONS (2A) AND CROSSLINE ON
Indonesian region. US Geological Survey (2B) SHOWS TWO REGIONALLY
Professional Paper No. 1078, 345p. THRUST FAULTS A (SOUTH) AND B
(NORTH) WITH DOUBLE PLUNGING
Koesoemadinata, R.P.K. and Pulunggono, A., ANTICLINE AND TEN NORMAL
1975. Geology of the soutern Sunda Shelf FAULTS
in reference to the tectonic framework of
Tertiary sedimentary basins of Western
Indonesia. Association of Indonesia
Geologist, 2 (2): 1-11.
Van Bemmelen, R.W., 1949. The Geology of
Indonesia. The Hague: Marytinus Nijhoff,
732p.

FIGURE 3. WELL LOG CORRELATIONS

SEMANGGI FIELDS (LEFT COLUMN,
KEY WELL) TO NGLOBO FIELD
(RIGHT COLUMN) WITH 9 MFS
DATUM (MARKER, RED LINE),
FIGURE 1. SEMANGGI FIELD IN DERIVED FROM UPPER TAWUN
REGIONAL STRUCTURE OF FORMATION, NGRAYONG,
NORTHEAST JAVA BASIN WONOCOLO, AND BULU. 13
HORIZONES FROM DEPTH 875 M, ARE:
IIa, IIb (BULU FORMATION), IIIA, IIIB
2A. (WONOCOLO FORMATION), IV, V, VA,
VIA, VIB, VII, VIII (NGRAYONG
FORMATION), IX DAN X (UPPER
TAWUN FORMATION)

2B FIGURE 4. THE AI MAP LAYER IIIB

WITH RMS ATTRIBUTE, MAXIMUM
AND MINIMUM AMPLITUDE SHOWS
DENSITY DISTRIBUTION TOWARD
WNW-SE DIRECTIONS

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IATMI 2007-TS-01
 Proceeding Simposium Nasional IATMI
25 - 28 Juli 2007, UPN “Veteran” Yogyakarta
_______________________________________________________________________________

FIGURE 5. RESERVOIR ROCK OF

NGRAYONG FORMATION
(PARTICULARLY LAYER IIIB) SHOWS
HOMOGENEITY LAYERS AND
CONTINOUSLY FROM WEST (W) TO
EASTWARD

FIGURE 6. PRODUCTIVE DEPTH

STRUCTURE MAPS (FROM TOP,
CLOCK DIRECTION) OF LAYER IIIB,
VII AND VIII AND LAYER IIIB
COMPARTEMENT FROM N-S SECTION
(A-B), THEIR HOMOGENEITY AND
FAULT STRUCTURES

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IATMI 2007-TS-01