Lecture Notes in Mathematics 1747

Editors:
A. Dold, Heidelberg
F. Takens, Groningen
B. Teissier, Paris
Springer
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Singapore
Tokyo
Lars Winther Christensen

Gorenstein Dimensions

~ Springer
Author
Lars Winther Christensen
Matematisk Afdeling
Kcbenhavns Universitet
Universitetsparken 5
2100 KObenhavns ~, Danmark
E-maih winther@math.ku.dk

Cataloging-in-PublicationData applied for

Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einbeitsaufnahme:

WintherChristensen,Lars:
Gorensteindimensions/ Lars WintherChristensen.- Berlin ;
Heidelberg ; New York ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ; London ; Milan ; Pads
; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer,2000
(Lecture notes in mathematics ; 1747)
ISBN 3-540-41132-1

Mathematics Subject Classification (2000): 13-02, 13C 15, 13D02, 13D05,

13D07, 13D25, 13E05, 13HI0, 18G25

ISSN 0075-8434
ISBN 3-540-41132-1 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York

This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part
of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use
of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other
way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is
permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9,
1965, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from
Springer-Verlag. Violations are liable for prosecution under the German Copyright
Law.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York
a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2000
Printed in Germany
Typesetting: Camera-ready TEX output by the author
SPIN: 10724258 41/3142-543210 - Printed on acid-free paper
Preface

In 1995, almost five years ago, Hans-Bjcrn Foxby gave me a copy of Anneaux de
Gorenstein, et torsion en alg~bre commutative, a set of notes based on lectures
given by Auslander in 1966-67. I was told that the notes contained ideas about
something called 'Gorenstein dimensions', a concept which had received renewed
attention in the early 1990s and might prove to be an interesting topic for my
Master's thesis.
I was easily convinced: Gorenstein dimensions have been part of my life ever
since. I have, already, expressed my gratitude to Foxby on several occasions,
however, I wish to do it again: This book is an enhanced and extended version
of my Master's thesis from 1996, and I thank Hans-Bjcrn Foxby for encouraging
me to publish it and for his continual support during the entire process.
Among the people who have helped me complete this project, my friend and
colleague Srikanth Iyengar stands out. I was about to start the project when
we first met in late 1998, and Srikanth has from day one shown a genuine and
lasting interest in the project: reading at least one version of every chapter and
making valuable comments on my style and significant improvements to several
proofs.
I also thank Anders Frankild and Mette Thrane Nielsen for reading parts of
the manuscript, and Luchezar Avramov and Peter Jcrgensen for their readiness
to discuss specific details in some of my proofs.
Finally, I thank Line, my wife, for her endless love, support, and encourage-
ment.
The invaluable help and support from colleagues, friends, and family notwith-
standing, this book is no better than its author. I have tried to set out the text
in such a way that the main features stand out clearly, and I have taken great
care to supply detailed proofs; it may sometimes seem that I go to great lengths
to explain the obvious, but that is how I am.

Copenhagen, June 2000

Lars Winther Christensen

Contents

Introduction 1

Synopsis 3

Conventions and Prerequisites 9

N o t a t i o n a n d Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
S t a n d a r d Tools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Standard Homomorphisms ...................... 11
Homological D i m e n s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
A Hierarchy cf Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

The Classical Gorenstein D i m e n s i o n 17

1.1 The G-class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.2 G - d i m e n s i 0 n of F i n i t e M o d u l e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
1.3 Standard Operating Procedures ................... 29
1.4 Local Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
1.5 G - d i m e n s i o n versus P r o j e c t i v e D i m e n s i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

G - d i m e n s i o n and Reflexive C o m p l e x e s 41
2.1 Rei?exive Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.2 T h e M o d u l e Case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
2.3 G - d i m e n s i o n cf Complexes with F i n i t e Homology . . . . . . . . . 52
2.4 Testing G-dimension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

Auslander Categories 65
3.1 T h e A u s l a n d e r Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
3.2 T h e Bass Class . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
3.3 Foxby E q u i v a l e n c e . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
3.4 Cohen-Macaulay Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83

4 G-projectivity 91
4.1 T h e G - c l a s s Revisited . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91
4.2 G c r e n s t e i n P r o j e c t i v e Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
4.3 G - p r o j e c t i v e s over C o h e n - M a c a u l a y Rings . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99
4.4 Gorenstein Projective Dimension .................. 105
vn"1"" CONTENTS

G-flatness 113
5.1 Gorenstein Flat Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
5.2 Gorenstein Flat Dimension ..................... 120
5.3 T h e U l t i m a t e AB F o r m u l a . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 127
5.4 Comparing Tot-dimensions ..................... 131

G-injectivity 135
6.1 G o r e n s t e i n Injective Modules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
6.2 G c r e n s t e i n Injective D i m e n s i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141
6.3 G - i n j e c t i v e ~ersus G - f l a t D i m e n s i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148
6.4 Exercises in S t a b i l i t y . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152

A Hyperhomology 159
A.1 Basic Definitions a n d N o t a t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
A.2 S t a n d a r d F u n c t o r s a n d M o r p h i s m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168
A.3 R e s o l u t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
A.4 (Almost) Derived ~ n c t o r s ..................... 175
A.5 Homological D i m e n s i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180
A.6 D e p t h a n d W i d t h . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183
A.7 N u m e r i c a l a n d F o r m a l I n v a r i a n t s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 185
A.8 D u a l i z i n g Complexes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187

Bibliography 191

List of S y m b o l s 197

Index 199