—~ a 3 4. =o __Centents Page 3 :3 3 3 4 5 Material Response . 5 E. Circuit « 6 F. Gain Controt Elem 6 INSTALLATION 1 Counecting Dyna-Mite to Other Equipment .....0...606 6 .2 Accessories. aeaettedeaheiet 8 THEORY OF OF £ 3.1 Block Diagra . 8 3.2, Circuit Des 9 OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS 4. The Controls 42 7 ing Dy A. Limiting Funet . DS Limiting . . Functions... eval Noise Reduction : Noise Gating for Pereussive and Defined Signal S 7. Noise Gating or Noise Expandig, Using FM/DS 8. _ Noise Gating or Expanding, an External Equali C. Keying, Ducking aad Envelope FOLOWINg vssseescecvseenseceee 23 9. Keying Bt : sefeblbacted tallaett eltaetia 10. Envelope Follow 53 11. Ducking eebbt tt calceet :B 12. Inverse Envelops Foliowing el 2M 13. Ratige Contratiee Negative Limiting, . 14 4.3 Functional Modes Reference Chart peters 4 MAINTENANCE $.1 Brief Circuit Information. . 71 5.2. Adjusting the Trim Pots 15 1. Detecior Balance Trim (R18) - 15 2. Threshold Trim (R24) . 15 3, NCA Rejection Trin (R10 15 5.3 Warranty . tafe 15 ILLUSTRATIONS 6.1 Graphs of Control Function .........4 16 6.2 Schematic Drawing : . a7 6.3 Ports Overlay... 18 Supply1.1 DESCRIPTION The Vailey People DYNA-MITE is a sel-costaiged and selt ‘powered malipurpose processing device, In al, I is capable of fperating in 18 specific modes, including the busie modes of Limiting, Expansion, De-essing, Noise Gating, Ducking, Keying. ete {nthe Linsting mode alone, there aze a number of specitie derivations, sich a: Peck Limiting, Linear Intesration Limiting, FM Pre-emphasized Limiting and Side Chain’ Controtled Limiting Similar derivations aze evident in the other basic operating modes, The selection of operating modes is straightforward and undesstandable. 28 iizated by three front parel switches, each having tree positions. In cach operating mode, full paramettie control is afforded by four continuously variable contrals, Tiivs, while being easy to operaic, DYNA-MITE is capable of satisfying the most critical of demands for performance, The device is fll meteied, with an & clement LED Gatn Reduction Aray, plus lipping indicator Balanced input circuitry capable of +24dB» is employed to assure cempanbilty with professional equipment. while the circuitry is structured to interface correelly to iow Level/high impedance semi-peo componsn's, The output circuit can deliver A full + 21di8m inco 69) Ohm loads or transformers, vet can feed ~ yout lines with excellent noise levels and compatibitity “The circuitry employed represents the highest possible teh nology, for excellence of performance ia any sysiem. Exery effort has been put forth in the packaging of DYNA- MITE, fo assure a siinple, yet coliable inlertace: professional type rinp/tip/sleeve jacks; 110/220VAC operation; adaptability to battery power and rack mounting, Stereo coupling is accom plished by pressing a font panel switch, The case ise i unique. An injection-molded, high surength instrument case, with RET shielding, ready 10 travel Yet, it offers moduler eleetronies—mix or natch DYNA-MITE, 410 modules with future Valley People 400 Series modules 10 sceate enaclly the right processing Fackage For your needs. All inal i's DYNA-MITEL pacts 1.2 DYNA-MITE SPECIFICATIONS Gain Reduction Range: Variable, 60483 Max to 0dB Min ‘Maximum Input Level: +244Bv Maxionm Output Level: +21d8m-600 ohms Static Distortion: .04% THD Maximum @ 1KH2 Dynamic Distortion: Dependent on settings-—Anticipatory Release Compuarion reduces dynamic disiortion 10 to } over eonrensional devices Sigual/Noise Ratio: Threshold Frequency Response: +/— 1dB, 10Hz to SOKH2 Slew Rate: 13V/js (1S01Hz full power bandwidth) Altack Time (Peak Detection): $0y5/208B. (ivear lmtegration Hetecciom: Lis to TS ms, signal dependent Release Time: Variable, sOms to Ssec/200B ‘Thresho'd: 40eRy £0 + 204B¥ uty! Gals Exar itch Gute Maes Variable, #4 (Seb » Variable, ~ 1868 to 9B @ +44Bv in and owt @ +4dBv Variable, jput Level Limit/De-ess Motes Fissity Lintting Ratio: Uninitys1 Fapansion Ratios 4:3 G ip Rat 1:20 ____.4. General Information Ducking Rutio/Negative Limiting: 1:~20 Front Penal Swihes): Detector: wen/Peak/Gate-Ducks fector:. Internai/Exteral/DS-FM; Mode: Limit/Expand/ OuttBrpass Font Panel Varizble Controls (4): Thresholds Release Time; Range (Certain Medes); Output Gain/Level Powering: MOVAC/220VAC (S watts): External Battery Re- quirements: Minimum of +7— f8VDC (ima for mono unit; i4sma terseree mi Peckuging: 314° x 814° x 9* Instrument Case hols 2 channels; Rack owt sdapior mounts one or rea baie nav x Metering: § LED Gain Reduction Metering Acray;1 LED Over- load Monitor Rear Panel Connectors (4): Signal Input; Ext taput (Side Ch input); Signal Output; Control Voltage Out/In Required Mating Plugs (Not Included): 12" Diameter, 3 Con- ductor. Commercial of Telephone/Mil, Plugs (Pxamples: Mil #P1 05%; Switcheraft #482 or equivalent; Swiccheraft #260 oF ‘equivalen') Note: Specifications subject to change without natice. 1.3 INFRODUCTION TO DYNAMICS PROCESSING A, Dyna-Mite is pawerfu too! for the processing of audio sigtial dynainics. its fuliest potentis! may te realized only after the user has sequainted himself with its operation, and become familiar with its controls. To this end, it is recommended (hat the user take time t0 carefully read over the information con- imply whst the name immplies— mics of an audio signa, The two provesses with which we ae most familiar ave COMPRESSION or LIMITING, and EXPANSION. They sre essentially opposite functions, ‘Compsession or limiting iavelves automatic lowering the signal gain as the signa increases, thereby reducing, restricting or jimiing the dynamic range. Expansion results the signal gain is lowered as the signal levei decreases, thereby the dynamic range, ‘The degree to which signal gain is alfored ii ‘change in sigoal level is ealied the RATIO. Retio, be it limiting ratio, compression ratio, or expansion ratio, is expressed as the ratio between ¢ sipnat level change at the input of the device, »s she sipnal level change at the device outpat. In a linear amples, the relationship of input change 10 output change is direct: thus the ratio is stated as Ik. © [dB inciease in input signal jevei produces a 1dB incrzase int output level, A “perfect” Limiter has 2 ratio of infinity:1. Thus, during limiting, an intinite increase of input signal level's required to produce a 14B increase in output level. Accordingly, she outpus is. niais ata constant “clamped” output level, ard a “leveled” output results whenever the deviee is limiting Limiter-ike devices whose ratio is ess than 8:1 are normally termed compressors. For example, a device having a 2:1 ratig sill output # {0B increase in level for eacie 2¢B level inerease at the inpet, Compressors ave soldozn used in modern signal proces: sing (except in compress expand noise reduction systerms 2nd “canned” musie systems). Some snanufacturers offer com- ppressnr/Mimiters wherein the compression featers is inchided i «0 the espotise {0 & dynamics, Tue result, oF course, 1S 3 ‘of signal dynamics, ..a cornpromnis. Ww the Dyna-viite suvacture, we have chosen to deal with the detector mecnynism, which ean cae dynainies degradation, in order to aliow fil cortrot while maibtaining dynamic inceatity,Looking st the expansion end of the spectrum, tet us visualize a device having a ratio of 1:2. This means a 1dB input lavelchanse will cause ¢ 24B output change. This action tends to make loud sounds louder, and soft sounds softer. For the sake of not over~ loading the systems which follow an expander, expansion in device ike Dyna-Mite is norinally kept in the region of making soft sounds softer, or downward expansion. When an output gain control is included in the device, though, it becomes somewhat arbitrary as to whether the expander is “downward” or “bi-direc- tional”. To clarify, assume the output gain control were set for a nominal gain of +1048, and expansion action were ittroduced. {In such a seiup, the louder signals could be made to appear st the output 10dB higher than the input signal leve!, thus producing “upward expansion”. In using such 2 structure, however, the user would have to insure that the equipment’ following the expander were capable of accepting the increased output signal level without overloading, ‘The relatively mild. 1:2 expansion ratio is useful for generally increasing the dynamic range of 2 signal source, and for in- creasing the apparent volume difference between the desized signal and the background noise which accompanies it. For situations where a more defined relationship of signal and noise is desired, the ratio may be increased 10 1:10 o: beyond, Such expansion ratios are normally called noise gating ratios. The slightest detected signal “gates” the expander (or noise gate) on, while noise levels do not. While such high ratios may allow more effective reduction of unwanted noise signals, a good deal of care is dictated in assuring the THRESHOLD or “switching point” is placed such that the low level portions of the desired signal are not eliminated along with the noise. With wide range/siow attacking signals such as voice, strings and the like, the use of gating ratios becomes nearly impossible, as the initial parts of jgnal waveforms are in the noise spectrum, and thus cannot be effectively separated. Attempts to use eating ratios on such signal sources will often result in an audible “clicking”, as the normally smooth attack of the signal is abruptly “switched on”. ‘Thus, high ratio expansion is usually used only on percussive type instruments—those which inherently have a defined attack. For other instruments, noise control is more effectively per- formed using lower expansion ratios such as 1:2 B. Threshold Attack/Release, It should be clarified that audio dynamics processing devices cannot operate instan tanconsly, as do conventional amplifiers. If such were the case, the processing device would become a non-linear amplifier which actually distorts the signal wavetorm. Obsiously, we do not want waveform modification in an audio system. What is desired is to rather tian the individual cycles themselves. for minimum signal distortion, the gain changes would. ‘occur very slowly, following the general “shape” of the signal FIGURE 14 LIMEPING A a ‘envelope, but not the actual cycles. Unfortunately, done in practice, as 2 suidenly occurring energy burst in th signal source must be deait with quickly, #f any usable form of dynamics manipulation x to be realized. ‘Thus, we have the requirement that the gain controiiing mechanism respond relatively rapidly to 2 suddenly epplied burst of input signal (uch as the beat of a drum, ete.). This parameter is called the device “attack”. Once a burst of input signal has caused the device gain to quickly change (downward if compressing or fimiting, upward if expanding), We must prevent further instantaneous response to prevent the gain from shanging with every minute peak or dip of the waveform itself. This “tracking” would effectively cause waveforin distortion, Hewe, a “release” structure is required such that “return” gain-ckeages (gain changes in the absence of input signal) are relatively slow. This is always a compromise, With certain sons of prosam materia, itis desirable to restore the device quickly; yet, if dhe gain restoration becomes too fast, distortion resuks. A simar compromise exists with respect t0 the attack structure, Botb situations will be discussed in greaver detail later on. Now, we come to the question: At whet point in the signat level spectrum do these gain changes ovcur? Tis point is called THRESHOLD, Let us tate the example of an infinity:1 ratio limiter. Let us say that a +-4dBv input signal tareshold is selected, and that the device has a nominal gain of OB, or unity. With such parameters, the device will act as a normal unity gain ampli fier as long as the input signal is lower in level than the specitied ++4dBy threshold, Since the device is "“éoing nothing” under these conditions, its ratiois 1:1. Now let us asseme that aa inp burst measoring + 10dBe suddenly appears. The limiver will “aurack” in response to this overthreshols signal, reducing it gain to ~6dB, thus causies the signal burst to exit the limnizer at “4d By. Had the input signal burst been + 14dBv, 10GB of gain reduction would have bees caused, to achieve the desired +-4aBv output “clamp”. Following the input berst, the release circuitry would gently return the gain back (o unity. The definition of THRESHOLD, when applied to a limiter or compressor, then, is a signal level below wiieh the device does nothing, and above whith the device performs gain reduction according tits ratio. For an expander or noise gate structaie, the situation reversed. In these devices the threshold is de signal level abow which the device does noring, and below which it performs gain reduction according to itsratio. It should be noted kat in both examples the attack is in response to increasing signa! levels, while te release isin response to decreasing signals, Fyares 1A and 1B graphucaly illustrate these basic parameters. is cannot &C. Detector Cirenite, Several alterna circuit designer Ig structuring the detector mechanism (that rechanism which measures the level fluctuations of the input sion AU first glance, this may sound easy... just measure the ge excursions.” In fact, the graphies of Figure 1A Mustrate it which dices just tha. Such a devector is called a “peak detector”, in that He measures the peak excursions, of either polarity, of the input signal. Peak detection was the backbone ‘of early limiters which were designed for broadcast and disc ‘cutting chains. In these peak level eritical systems, the prime requirement was to prevent overloading the subsequent stages. These detectors were required (0 act neatly instantaneously, fon the order of 10as co 1004s, to form an absolie electrical clamp. Fast peak detection still remains the only viable metivad of controlling signal level to such inputs. Unfortunately, the etectrical peak value of a music waveform has litle todo with how lowid the sound is perceived oy the humaa Gar, due rp ste varying WAVEFORM COMPLERITIES. To illustrate this point, Figure 2 plots the relative electrical andl audible values for two typicat music waveforms, one relatively simple, and one woderately complex, As can be seen, although the two waveforms appear at the same level of audible loudness, they exhibit completely different electrical peak values. es te available ta the THO TYPICAL MUSIC WA AUDIBLE LOUDNESS. VEFORMS OF EQUAL If she swo waveforms of Figure 2 were detected by a conven tional fast peak dviector, the brass waveform would be read as hhaving a much higher energy fevel than the flute, [f the detector were controlling a limiter, the audible result would be that the cconipley waveforms, such as brass, etc,, would be “over-limited”, for depressed, with respect to the simpler waveforms, This i= exactly what happens in many conventional dvuzmics processing devices, and this fs the etfect most responsible forthe “squashed” unnatural sound often associated with these devices, To « end the implications of Uiis form of wevefare discrimination, sulfice it to say that the ratio of perceived audio loudness to clecitical peak excursion, of various music waveforms, typically varies over @ range of around 100 140B. Thus, a similar dexzee of variation in audible output level exists in’ devices which employ peak detection to self-contro! dynamics. The only answer to this dilemma, then, is that in siunations where peak detection must be used (for the prevention of overload fp critical feeds), processing must he very judieiously applied in order to maintain an acceptable degree of dynamic invegrity in looking at most moslemn uses for dymomnies processing ‘equipment, itis found that the intent is not so inuch to control electrical peaks, rather, it ripulate the dynamics of the siseal o* dhe bisis oF aud . Generally, in suc uses, equipment igilowing the processor does nol have a critical wertoad point, bat insteas! as sufficient “headroom the range of complex waveforms genera speech, For instance, a typical studio level input which is des to accept 4 AdiV signals, as measured! oa VU mater, allows fom 4 to 2048 of heaalioon fur anticipated clectrwal peaks OF program waveforms. Nanmerous psvcho-acoustic tests have shown that when excerdingiv cemplex waveforms that require still more clipping of the extrome electrical Thus, dynamies processing equipment which is designed 10 perforra audible-level dysasaies control must employ a detection scheme which measures tie audible content of the programm, if iv to have any great elietiveness. While true RMS detection would at first glance appear to be ideal, there ate several other factors which tte human hearing mechanism. Not the least of these influences i cite fact that in the vast majority of program sources, the most complex of waveforms are inherently produced when the perfermer wislies to predominate, or be heard above all else~e scream, a growling sax line, etc. It should be noted that these are the specific waveform types which most detectors discriminate against most suongly, Another factor lies in the nature of the human ear to suifer 2 sensitivity loss to the very igh frequencies. Many of the Narmonies of very forms fal ipo this region, tus feading to a form of iscrimination even with :rae RMS derection. ‘A mechanism known ws: LINEAR INTEGRATION DETEC- TION, a systein pionecrat hy Valley People, considers all of these factors, and is employed in Dyna-Mite. Its use results in a detsction scheme whieh % closely matched to the preferences Of the human ear, and thes provides excellent dynamic integtity in the processing of sudiodynasnics. D. Transient Material Response. Many music sources are of a transient nature—that ig 10 say, they came and go quickly, In ‘order for the human ear ta perceive the presence of sonic energy, that energy must appear for a sufficient length of time for the brain to iniesrate it into a recognizable sound Impulse. Highly transient music sources, such as drums and other percussion instruments, are characirized as having a very rapid attack/ decay “spike” upon the itil impact. While the er recognizes this sound, it does nat hear it at anywhere tear its true electrical power level Hf such signals ate pased through limiting equipment whose attack time, or response mg, is considerably faster chan that of ‘the human ear, the effects excessive gain rexhiction and a loss of apparent level of the inszument, This problem is particularly bothersome with fast peak detectors. A preferable aporoack, in equipment desisneé for aparent level control, is to allow these quick energy spikes 10 “overshoot the limiting threshold, even if that oversioat causes instantaneous clipping of subsequent wazes. (Many cases may be lrought against slowing any qualzy oudio signal to “clip”. In this case, howewr, the duration af the iransient overshoot is sufficiently short thst the instantareous clipping is not recognizable distortion, and Is of very ttle susible consequence. The akierns tive oF incurring severe gaia redueion and level loss on these transients is without quastion a much more bothersome and audiblecfec, insegeation time of the detector is such that caltacktrteisin te reeion of Eto 1Srsce, depending ions, wien ihe devive is placed in the Linear ection (AVG) made. This time range appears ip iransient material within the Integrat optimum for the passa of Hramework of maintaining a wuiteble fast response to sudden energy bu Wien 1 Mite is suited igio the PEAK detection mode, iade sonsidesably faster (S0,see), in order t0 ments of a fast peak Himiter for eroadcast, disc iow hess! bie sppheation st turn 09 quickly to ‘ransient maissiat following quiet passages. The selection of optinmn detector mades, tor various praces= sing. jnbs, is dweussed ia grvaier otal in Wer chapters oF thi mamaal,E. Release Circuit, As mentioned earlier, « controlled release must be introduced following processor aitacks, in order to prevent the distortions which would otherwise be caused. In practice, itis often desirable 10 employ a rather fast release time, for the sake of obtaining hil average levels in a limiter, oF 10 quickly attenuate low level noise signals in an expander or noise gate. However, the use of fast release rates usually invites the gain control element 10 begin 10 follow the peaks and valleys of the waveform jtself, thus producing modulation distortion. Fast release structures also encourage a situation where excess 12" is produced. a situation where the gain begins to follow the signal envelope too tightly, In order to escape these ill effects, yet still allow the user to seleet rapid release times, Valley People has developed a proprie- lary circuit scheme known as ANTICIPATORY RELEASE COMPUTATION. This circuit gets its name from its inherent ability to analyze the program input and anticipate conditions which would cause either waveform gain modulation of exces. sively rapid pumping. When tlese conditions exist, a correction factors introduced into the release circuit such as to prevent, oF greatly diminish, these objectionable effects. Unlike many previous attempts to cope with these factors via automatic circuitry, Anticipatory Release Computation pro- vides a $ to 10 times decrease in the effects it was designed to cure, without producing any audible slowing of the selected release rate. The employinent of ARC in Dyna-Mite produces a very audible increase io dynamic i conventional non-conpensated devices. rity, oF lstenability, ovr F, Gain Contrad Efements. Obviously, the heart of any dynamics processing davice is the actual clement which auto ly alters the signal gain. In earlier devices, various eleraents ‘were used for this puryose, ranging from photo-conduczive cells (ight dependent resisars), to FET devices, diode arrays, etc. AU of these devices have gurameters which are undesirable, such as audio distortion, hig noise levels, nonlinear controi/gain relationships, ete Recently, Valley People introduced a voltage con amplifier (VCA) siresmre which overcomes all of these past problems. These VCAs are known as the EGC series, and have atisined rapid acveptaice sinong professicnal audio’ manufac turers for use wherever critical voltage eontrol over signal gain ts to be used, In compaiizan to earlier VCA tspes, the Valley Pecpie EGC series exhibits imeroverents in the noise/Gistortion, pzram= ters on the order of Hf to 1, thus classing it in direct compara: bility 10 the very finer: of conventional fixed gain electrenics, As for conteol/gain livearity, the EGC series offers a 16043 ~ range of controlled gain variation, following an extremely accurate logarithmic catrol response curve. Since audio signals, themselves, are logatifimic in nature, this type of VA control response if ideal for die implementation of very high quality audio processing equipment 2. Installation___ 2.1 CONNECTING DYNA-MITE YO OTHER EQUIPMENT Dyna-Mite is configured to be connected to all commonly used audio equipment, whether balanced or unbalanced, high impedance or 600 ohm, line level or semi-pro 300my levels. It is, not intended for direct connections to microphones, or to other sources having nominal signal levels below ~20dBy (LOOmv RMS). Noise levels and output gain controls are sueh that Dyna- Mite may successfully be returned to 300inv semi-pf0 inputs, as well as to professional level fines, at impedances ranging from 600 ohms upward ‘When connected according co the standard recommendations, Dyna-Mite should provide stable operation in all systems, including transformer coupled systems of 600 ohm ii impedance, Dyna-Mite does not require proper operation, nor docs it, itself, might be required for other equipme a source whielt requizes termination, it is ‘user const the instructions for that equipment, and supply any terminating resistors which migint be required Figures 3 through 9 illustrate de various configurations which are associated with the reur panel connectors, as well as detaiting the recommended connections to other equipment. While Dyna-Mite may be successfully connected to anced systems via 2-circuit plugs, it is recommended that 3-c plugs be uscd, as shown, for the sake of optimum stability and Freedom from ground loop induced noise ‘The rear panel connectors used in Dyna-Mite are such that they will accommodate either professional (military) type plugs. @ o¢ 3ecircuit), as well as consumer type (guitar) plugs @ ot 3-circuit). (Examples: Mil. #PJ 051; Switcherafi #482 or equivas iehoeah #2eDo6 wale alent) Dyna-Mite is connected 9 Ute AC power line via a siaadard ding G-terminaé) ply, intended for connection 10 conven- tional house wiring (108 50 12SVAC, 59 to 6Hz). It is recom= niended, for the prevention of shock Inezard, that the wit only be plugged inca 3-prong grounded ousets, send that the ing prong not be removed. Note: if excessive tum is introduced due to the third prot ‘round loons, jumper JT may be removed on the Power Sup; Board, This thay, however, create a shock Iiazard under ceriai extreme conditions. Valley People does rot in any way recom- mend the removal of this jumper For 110VAC to 24i8AC conversion, see Pawer Supply Parts Overiay, on page 19, FIGURE 3 INPUT & EXT INFUT CONNECTOR CONFIGURATION (GALANCED) 4. 4 PUT TO GND: 80K 2. ~ INPUT TO GND: 47K 3. + INPUT TO — INPUT: 127K MAXIMUM INPUT LEVEL 4-28dBy, RE_775V RMSLH r eee ye ft aro vet 1oout_4| a” orwamire 2 Mt INPUT rE 000 leva _smigLo 1S — 7 4 aaehe u peer ar BALANCED BEAD £ : (GNo) + source FIGURE 4 FIGURE 7 OUTPUT CONNECTOR CONFIGURATION RECOMMENDED CONNECTION (UNBALANCED) WHEN FEEDING DYNA-MITE IMPEDANCE STRUCTURE FROM A BALANCED SOURCE 4. + OUTPUT TO GND: 22 OHMS 2. ~ TERMINATION TO GND: 22 OHMS 3. + OUTPUT TO ~ TERMINATION: 44 OHMS MAXIMUM OUTPUT LEVEL: 4+ 21dBv RE.775V RMS INTO 600 OHMS OR HIGHER —-__ FEED FROM EXT METER/ Vz VCA ORIVE TO AUX VCA CONTROL re SLEEVE (wo) FIGURES CONTROUMETER CONNECTOR CONFIGURATION (TWO CIRCUIT. UNBALANCED) SCALING (BOTH CIRCUITS): - 2008/4 VOLT IMPEDANCE 4. FEED: 47 OHMS (1oma MAX CURRENT) 2. INPUT: 4K OHMS = {rn To EI orwamite cun_saizip |S JR (PUT ‘BALANCED USING 3 TERMINAL PLUG FROM (repeereee DYNAMITE eee cI | TeUT L ourru aT ' UNBALANCE INPUT USING 3 TERWINAL © (prererne) FROM ee tell oynamiTe Bored Fete cual _| UNBALANCED| V USING 2 TERMINAL PLUG (accertagce) FIGURES RECOMMENDED CONNECTIONS DING AN UNSALANGED INPUT FROM DYNA NITE OUTPUT FOR Lue PUT SOURCE (PREFERRED) 7 -—2ur FROM te — ir ao Dynamite \t pg———_ +2 | Peseeebere Amite} — |ourpur GND swerD 18 INPUT ce L_.84 StSHIELD ep UNBALANCED USING 2 TERMINAL PLUG TS eaeanero SOURCE (accep T4a1 €) meer | = _ : J FIGURES FIGURE 9 RECONMENOED CONNECTIONS RECOMMENDED CONNECTION WHEN FEEDING OYNAAITE FOR FEEDING ABALANCED INPUT FROM UNBALANCED SOURCES. FROM DYNA-MITE OUTPUT2.2 ACCESSORIES Dyna-Mite may Model #31 yna-Mite may be ordered as 2 2-chanuel, of Stereo Unit Mode! #410.2. © ordered as a I-shannel, or Mono Unit— ‘Two Stereo DYNA-MITE units mounted In a Model #400-R Rack Shelf. 3. Theory of Operation____ A single Dyna-Mite C: ono unit toa stereo uni ‘A rack-mount “shelf .nnel may be ordered to upgrade a Mode! #410-C. et For extemal powering, an external power connector is required and may be ordered as Model #400-EPC. poet (ee ee Note: A single wnt may slso be mounted slone. 3.1 BLOCK DIAGRAM nies processing functions involve ssa detector circuit, a release citevit, and a VCA. ‘Once these elements are present, the various processing func tions may be configured by various electronic manipulaticns to the detected zontrol signal. With the advent of quality VCAs such as the EGC series, the highly accurate logatithmie control/gain relationship allows a nnuch greater precision in the synthesis of these various fuaetions. It is the combination of these advanced technologies which have allowed che configuration of the Velley People Dyna-Mite as an exceedingly effective multifunction ‘dynamics processing device. Using the block diagram of Figure 10 as a reference, let us ‘conduct a study of these functions, how they are accomplished, and what their paramezers are. =| SIGNAL guteut Oe + o——f input T 7 SIGNAL Py fia LINE INPUT — O——~) ciRCUIT nee ORIVER AUX VOR wo} @ @ conrroe 0 rr Leo EXT METER | FILTER ARRAY 0 ¥CA : 7 FEED Lu, SEnsenas wr c swe] | Py pOETECTOR PROCESSING| eyay O——| INPUT TECTOR ° CIRCUITS LJ pareve BAL. Dafem™ CIRCUIT Exel mPUT Jerre | 957 fc courte {3)___f L ) LS). 7 Ley oe aval PR lgare FIGURE 10 Se FOR VALLEY PEOPLE DYNAMITE BLOCK DIAGRAM,3.2 CIRCUIT DESCRIPTION It is seen that the auso signal path consists only of an input balancing amplifier (), the VCA (4), and the outpat line driving stage (7). The input stage is configured such that it may accept signal levels up to + 24dBv, from either balanced or unbalanced sources, al « bridging impedance of 47K minimuin. The noise levels are such that a direct connection may be made to relatively low level semi-pro sources, as well as professional +4¢Bm or + 84Bm lines. The output stage is configured to drive load impe- dances or transformers of 600 ohms or higher, to a maximum level of +21dBy. Again, direct output connections may be made to Low level semi-pro equipment, while maintaining excellent signal to noise ratios, as well as connections to professional standard +4dBin or +8dBm lines. As can be imagined, this feedforward VCA structure is optimum for the preservation of audio signal fidelity, due to the minimal circuitry in the sudio path. It is also optitaal for the synthesis of a variety of process sing functions, when the VCA employed has the extrenie gain ‘control range and precision exhibited by the Valley People EGC seties Now, in looking at the detector, of “side chain” path, it is seen that signals may be directed to the detector either from the ‘main audio feed (1), or from the similarly structured extemal ‘audio input stage (3). In other words, the gain controlling signals fed to the VCA control inputs may be either self-senerated (in), ‘or generated by a second audio signal (ext). It is also seen that the main audio feed may be directed through the FM/DS filter before passing to the detector. it should be noted that in this configuration only the detector is fed an equalized signal. The signal passing through the VCA to the outpu is unequalized, ‘The detector citcuits (Block 6) perform che function of con- verting the incoming audio signals into cither the log-of-the- average-of-the-absolvte-values (Linear Integration Detection, AVG position), oF into the log-of-the-absolute-value (PEAK position). The same switch which deterznines the type of detection also determines whether the signal level/gain change ratio will be Jow (for 1:2 expansion, or infinity: Limiting), or high (for 1:20 noise gating and keying, or for 1: ~20, negative luniting, ducking and keying off effects). It should be noted that these high ratios are created with the switch in GATE position, and that use of this, position dictates that the detection type is PEAK. ‘The third switeh determines whether the characteristics of the device will be that of a limiter (signals above threshold cause gain reduction), o that of an expander (signals below zhreshold cause gain reduction), or signals cause no effect on gein (out position). In the detector processing circuit block @), the parameters of ‘Threshold, Release Time, Gain Control Range and Output Gain are computed from the voltages produced 8y the corresponding. front panel controls, It should be noted that since the detected signals are now in log forin, tial the use of linear taper control potentiometers, in a voltage producing Format, may be used, The result, as compared to alder circuits employing log taper aon- voltage-producing pots, is a dramatic increase in precision aad range of control, as well as a superior conformity to the scale markings on the panel, ‘The conditioned control signals exit circuits (8) are then fed to the control t the detector processing minal of the VCA block (@), 22d to the LED Gain Reduction Display (5), where the amount of gain reduetion is visually monitored. There is also a feed to drive an externally snounted VCA, or ausiliary metering devices. This drive provides + 1 volt DC pet 20dB8 of directed gain reduction, and appears on the “ring” terminal of the rear panel connector inarked “Control/Metes”. The connector is canable of receiving an externa tip" of this same ‘outro velteze From another source (tremolo oscillator, etc). The control/gsin sealing at this external YCA control input is also +L volt DC per 20d fof attenuation (or — f voh DC per 2048 of eain increase). This Jog responsive VCA conttal input responds ox a linear db/ voit relationship, That is to say, that for each favrement of control voltage which is applid, a given number of DB of gain change will result, regardiese dithe abscluie value oF VCA gain (within its gain control range).T'e gain control range of the EGC VCA employed in Dyua-Mia is epproximetely 16048 (from ~ 1008B to +6048). ‘Thus, thesmplication of additional external control voktages to the VCA. (a the tp of ze Conteol/ Meter connector) will result in gain chasge at the specified (~ 2048/ +-volt, inde pendent of any gain corre sapplied to the VCA by the internal circuits. As ari exarpls,the application of a low frequency oseil- lator at @ peak to pear voltage af 2 volts (to the external VCA, conical input) will resut in iow ftequency tremolo in which the audio gain increases by 20GB on the negative oscillator swings, and decreases by 204B1 the postive swings. tna final observatis, iis seen that a ine extends from Bloc! 8, which is labeled “aziple”, This line goes 10 the front panel Couple switch. Whenthis switch is pressed (on a stereo Dyna- Mite unit), the two mules are intersoupled for stereo center image preservation. Wien cither unit attacks and releases, the other unit i eaused tofSifow. This coupling is noh-additive; that is, if both units attack dezbie gain changes do not oveur.. both units foliow the higherat the two sein changes, as is needed for smaintaning accurate eater image. ‘The Range Contral.This contre! Jimit upon tie nsasimusnamount of gain eduction which may be generated within the Dna-Mite. For operator convenience, the RANGE control is outot che cies in certain operating modes. Specifically, the RANGE control is ineffective during normal internal limiting and 38 modes. In these modes, the meximum sain reduction range istixed at €0GB. In all other modes, taxi ‘mum gain reduction may be set anywhere between OGD and OSB, ‘withthe RANGE ental ‘Threshold/VCA Gin Coupling. In those inca! limit and DS modes in which lie range contro is ineffective, a voltare controlled coupling vamection is made between the THRESH- OLD control and the CA. output gain. The purpose of this, coupling is to aliow theuser an easier operation in these snuch sed modes. 1n most limiter doiées, manipulation of the THRESHOLD control to a lower thashoid of Iuniting causes more Hmiting to occur. Because of theinereased gain reduction, the output ievel drops accordingly. Iti thus necessary for the operator t0 re- adjust the outpat levaleontro each! i is made to the threshold of lating. This sturvion, ion to being rather cumbersome, makes it a difticw’ matter Co alter the amount of limiting O73 program Guting a Hive take, due to the probability of a shift nmoucput level ding the operauion. ‘When Dyna-Miteiset up as a conventional lim:ter/de-esser, the output evel is automatically adjusted, via the THRESHOLD! VGA GAIN COUPLING cireut, in such's manner as to maintain 2 fixed and constant atpur level during limiting, rovardless of the Position of the THRESHOLD cosstrol. Thus, if more lenzng is desired, even during alive take, ihe operator need only lower the THRESHOLD conisai The output tevel willbe maintained. A further simptitation of operation in these modes is of forded by the structte of the OUTPUT control. When pet forming conventionallimit/DS functions, the calibrations un the OUTPUT control corespond ditectly 10 the dBv ontput level ‘hich will oscur durin imiting, Thas, ifthe device is feeding & ++4dBy studio tape machine, the operator need simply sei the OUTPUT contro! to-+4, and this ovtput level will be produced whenever the device idimiting shoud be noteiere that a standard VU meter is an average responding device. ‘Hs, if limiting is performed with the AVG detecting Selecta, ti citlbvatians. 8 the DUTPUT ewntrol wit ves to place a controllable “ tected, the calibrations on the OUTPUT conteal ill correspond to Ou PZAX excursions of the gotpurt signal. Ha VU meter is used furmon:torin meter reacince Wil he muck lover (S to SUB) shan iadicr fon tne GUEPUT ceentiol ealioradions, due complexities involyalé IF the wsis source in place of a music input, he would find that the ealibra- tions then concur with the meter reading, Aniinteresting lesson can be learned by the operator, with respect to the effectiveness of the Linear Integration Detection scheme, when the device is configured as a limiter. The following, “xperiient is suggested: 1, Input a JKH2 sine wave tone. 2. the detector switeh in PEAK position, adiust the THRESHOLD control such that around 10d8 of limiting is being indicated om che gain yeduction LED array. 3, Adjust the OUTPUT coutrol such that @ OB reading shows on a VU meter connected to the device output. (A console ‘bass meter may be used.) 4, Now switch the derector switch to AVG pesition (Linear Integration Detection). You should see no significant change in the amount of limiting, or in the VU meter reading. This verifies \ \ 4. Operating Instructions let the threshold of limiting for 2 sine wave is the same for detector setting 5S. Now, substiruce various music sources 10 the input, instead of tne test oscillaor. If you now cbserve the VU meter reading you should find that in the AVG detector mee, the output during limiting remains at or near “0”, as it cid for the sine wave. Only on highly transient material, such as drums, should you @ significantly lower output level, due to the relatively slow haallistis of the VUE meter movement. If you now switch to the PEAK desector moze, you will find the observed output level 10 be probably 5 10 1048 lower than for the sine wave, and quite dependent upon the specifie music source. A flute will output a higher level, for insiance, than will a sax. ‘What you are seeing is the waveform discrimination effect of the conventional PEAK detection method, end the obviously superior performance of the Linear Integration Descetion method. 4.1 THE CONTROLS Limit/Out/Expsnd Switch. Establishes the most fundamental ‘modes. LIMIT equates to gain reduction caused by signals in- ‘ereasing above Threshold, while in EXPAND, gain reduetion ‘occurs when signals decrease below Threshold. The Limiting Ratio of Expansion Ratios determined by the. . Peak/AVG/Cate Switeh, Besides establishing LIMIT/ EXPAND RATIOS, this switch sets the detector to respond as a conventional fast peak deiectoz, or as an averaging Linear Integration Detector. When set to either the PEAK of AVG posi tions, the LIMIT/EXPAND RATIOS ate, respectively, Intinity:1 and 1:2. Thus, if the first switch were set to “LIMIT™, while the —~ second switch were set to “PEAK”, a relatively conventional peak —~ WNT INPUT. Thus, pai contro ‘miter would result, having a Limiting Ratio of Inf:1. Inthe GATE petition, fast peak detection is exhibited, but the LIMIT/EXPAND RATIOS azo increased to 1:-20 (negative Tiraiting or “ducking”) and 1:20 (high ratio gating or keying"). Example: if “EXPAND” and “GATE” were selected, a noise fale structure would result whesein signals 1¢B below Threshold are atlennated by 2018 ete. should be noted 1 XPAND, the Attack is upward, terns of gain, while the Release is downward, Theconverse is re in LIMIT. Thus, in noise gating use, the sudzen application of a signal (such as a dram beat) essentially inxantaneously turas the gain fully on, thus “catching” the instrament, When the signal ‘ceases, the galt is reduced at a much slower rate, as governed by the Release Time. Internal/DS-FM/External Switch, Determines the soutce of the signal whieh is fed ta the detector. In INTERNAL position, the actual gudie input signal is connected co ihe detector, thus forming che conventional connection for limiting or expanding — the signal controls ise. In the DS-FM position, the input signel is passed through an ‘equalizer circuit having 6dB/octave boost above 2KH2 (75usee came). Thus, the effective Threshold decreases (increased sensitivity) for the higher frequencies, even though the actual audio signal is passed throug the “CA without equalization, Besides being a requisite o proper EM broadcast use, this chaiac teristic procuces excellent deessing action (paiticuladly ia conjuretion with the AVG derector setting). It is also helpful in the Gating and Expandiag modes when increused sensitivity to high Frequencies is desirable. In the EXTERNAL posisiva, the detector nut signal at all, but Is routed to a not connected 10 ‘panel jack marked not 4 function of the input J passing through the VCA, but is determined by a second signal which may, or may not, be related to the input signal. This forms the basie connection for Keying ani Ducking effecis. Asan © 16 example, assume that the three ssitches are set te “LIMIT”, “GATE” and “EXT™, and that music is applied fo the SIGNAL INPUT, while narration is applied to the EXT INPUT. Ac- cording to earlier statements, a “DUCKING” ratio of 1:— 20 is established, but because of the EXT position of the last switch, this gain reduction will sot be incurred by INPUT SIGNAL exeursions (nus) hut, rather, will result ftom EXT SIGNAL excursions (narration). Thus, whenever the narrator's voice level excceds the ‘Threshold sctting, 2058 of gain rednetion will result for each 143 by which the narmuor signal exceeds the Threshold setting. In effect, with proper seiting of the Threshold, each time the nars ator speaks, the gain (vokzne) of the music would be comptetely shut off, wereit not for thr Range Control. This control places a iimit upon the maviraumn gain reduction which caw occur in the EXPAND, DUCK and GATE modes. It varies from O48 (no gain reduction) to Od POSSIBLE GAIN REDUCTION. Were this control set t0, say, 15dB iu the above example, the music would be gain reduced oF “ducked by exactly 1$3Beach time the narrator spoke. Norzinal gain would tben be restored at 2 rate determined by the Relea! Time, when the narrator became siient. A similarly effective control over maximum gain reduecion results when Gating, Keying and Expanding. (& order io clarify the termminology, the term “Gating” normally saplies when the signa! “turns itself on”, as in “noise gating”, while “keying” usually indicates that a second signa! is being used to Key the input signal on, vis the EXT input.) Tareskold Controt, Oererinines the signat level above which Limiting action coupnentes, or slow which Expanding action begins. Also serves as tae effective switching point for Gatiag, Ducking and Keying, Varisie (ron — A0MIBW to + 208BV. Release Time Conrad, Detertaines the rate at which gain is restored after Limiting or Ducking, as well as the rate at whi gain is reduced after Gating, Keving of Expansion atta Variable from: £0ms 0 Ssce/20kiB. Ouipat Level/Gsin Control. Determines either the ¥CA nominal gain, or the desice output level, depondent upon the modes sclected, In the Riuit ene Deess modes, the desired ‘output level Ga ABs) is diaicd on this control. By meens of coupling between the Wirsshold Contro} and tke VCA, this predeterinined output is matimiaiacd terasdiese of the mou ef heniting, dy operating the Theedholt exceedingly sirple: Diattae feed a siuslig tape snc for a s ye Threshok she Ou‘undesired “ess” sounds. With Linear Integration ratural action is to pass the desired vaca! OUT ~«=Bypass 2. INT LIM) AVG Apparent Level Limiting 3. INT PEAK Elecirical Peak Limiting 4 INT GATE Negative Limiting for Organ Erteets™ 5. DSEM AVG — Deessing, FM Limiting 6. DSEM PEAK De-essing, FM Liming 7. DSEM GATE Modified Negative Limiting & EXT AVG Inverse Envelope Follower, or "Soft Ducking” 8. PEAK Inverse Envelope Follower 10. GATE Hard Ducking wu. INT ANG Expanding, Soft Noise Gating INT PEAK Expanding, Soft Noe Gating INf EXP) GATE Hard Noise Gating MM. DSEM AVG Freq Sective Expansion 15, DS-EM PEAK Freq Selective Expaesion 16, DS-FM EXP GATE Freq Selective Noise Gating 17. EXT EXP AVG — Envelope Following Soft Keying 1. PEAK Envelope Fallowing Soft Keying B. GATE tard Keying “UIRESHOLD/OUTPUT GAIN COUPLING Qiodss "2 3, S and O In these modes, adjusting the THRESHOLD ol 10 a lower serting causes am incrensed amount of ing, ev gain geduction, which ordinarily would cause a lrop in output level, ry 4,3 FUNCTIONAL MODES PARAMETERS Fixed gain. . ,OUTPUT contiol active Ratio = Inf:l, AVG detection of input signal, RANGE control inactive. See THRESHOLD/OUTPUT GAIN COUPLING”, Same as above, ewepi PEAK detection of input signal, RATIO ~ {:-20, PEAK detection of input signal, RANGE control active, As bapur signal exceeds THRESHOLD, a 16) inercase causes a 20aB decrease in outrut level Same as #2, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Same as #3, except Hi Freq EQ insetied in deteetor path Same a5 #8, except Mi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. ignal gain is dewrmined by LEVEL of EXTERNAL SIGNAL. A 14B increase of EXT SIONAL (over THRESH: OLD) cases a 1dB decrease in signah gain. ANG detection, RANGE active, ‘Same as above, except PEAK detectic A dB increase of EXTERNAL SIGNAL LEVEL (over THRESHOLD) cases a 2678 decrease im signal gain. PEAK detection, RANGEvatroh active. Ratio = 1:2, AVG devection of input sign: conirol active, RANGE Same as above, except PEAK dei RATIO = 1:20, PEAK detection of contol active, Same as #11, excers Hi, Preq EQ inserted ia detector path, Same as #12, except Mi Freq EQ inserted i dstector path, Same as #13, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in desevior path. Sanat gain is dewemixed by LEVEL of EXTERNAL SIGNAL. A 1dB incicase of EXT SIGNAL (ever THRESHOLD) causes 2 £58 increase in signal gain, AVG detection, RANGE santo! active Same as above, except PEAK detection ignal gain is deermined by LEVEL of EXTERNAD IGNAL. A. 1d8 of EXT Sh THRESHOLD) vanes a ste ° PEAK dewetion, RANGL gst put signal, RANGE, up fain zequited 10 maintaia ing Vimiking. (as indicated © ardless of the setting ofdyna-mite™ Multi-Function Dynamics Processor A Product of VALLEY PEOPLE, INC., Nashville, Tenn. SWITCH SETTINGS sl S283 (DET) (MODE) (DET) . =) (OUT 2 INT LIM AVG 3. INT LIM PEAK 4 INT LIM GATE 5. DSFM LIM AVG 6. DSFM LIM PEAK 7. DSFM LIM GATE 8 EXT LIM AVG EXT LIM PEAK EXT LIM GATE Ml. INT EXP AVG 12, INT EXP PEAK 1B. INT EXP GATE 14. DSFM EXP AVG 15. DS-FM EXP PEAK 16. DSFM EXP GATE 17. EXT EXP AVG 18, EXT EXP PEAK 19. EXT EXP GATE FUNCTIONAL MODES BASIC USE AREAS PARAMETERS Bypass Fixed gain. . OUTPUT control active, Apparent Level Limi Electrical Peak Limi Negative Limiting for “Organ Effects De-cssing, FM Limiting De-essing, FM Limiting Modified Negative Limiting Inyerse Envelope Follower, or “Soft Ducking” Inverse Envelope Follower Hard Ducking, Expanding, Soft Noise Gating Expanding, Soft Noise Gating Hard Noise Gating Freq Selective Expansion Freq Selective Expansion Freq Selective Noise Gating Envelope Following Soft Keying Envelope Following Soft Keying Hard Keying For handy reference, affix this label 10 the top of your DYNA-MITE, Ratio = Inf:1, AVG detection of input signal, RANGE control inactive, See THRESHOLD/OUTPUT GAIN COUPLING". Same as above, except PEAK detection of input signal. RATIO = 1:~20, PEAK detection of input signal, RANGE control active. As inpat signal exceeds THRESHOLD, a 143 increase causes a 20dB decrease in output level Same as #2, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Same as #3, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Same as #4, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Signal gain is determined by LEVEL of EXTERNAL, SIGNAL. A 14B increase of EXT SIGNAL (over THRESH- OLD) causes a 148 decrease in signat gain. AVG detection, RANGE active. Same as above, except PEAK detection. A 1dB increase of EXTERNAL SIGNAL LEVEL (over THRESHOLD) causes a 2008 «lecrease in signal gain. PEAK detection, RANGE control active. Ratio 2, AVG detection of input signal, RANGE control active. Same as above, except PEAK detection. RATIO = 1:20, PEAK detection of input signal, RANGE control active. Same as #11, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Same as #12, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Same as #13, except Hi Freq EQ inserted in detector path. Signal gain is determined by LEVEL of EXTERNAL SIGNAL. A 1dB increase of EXT SIGNAL (over THRESHOLD) causes a 1dB increase in signal gain. AVG detection, RANGE control active. Same as above, except PEAK detection. Signal gain is determined by LEVEL of EXTERNAL SIGNAL. A 1dB increase of EXT SIGNAL, (over THRESHOLD) causes a 2048 increase in signal gain, PEAK detection, RANGE control active. *THRESHOLD/OUTPUT GAIN COUPLING (Modes #2, 3, § and 6): In these modes, adjusting the THRESHOLD control to a lower setting causes an, snicteased amount of limiting, or gain redaction, which ordinarily would cause a drop in ourpt level. The THRESHOLD/OUTPUT utes the amount of constant OUTPUT (as indiesied on the OUTPUT control in dBy), regardless of the setting uf the THRESHOLD control.5.1 BRIEF CIRCUIT INFORMATION The complete circuit operation is beyond the scope of this ‘manual. A schematic diagram is provided 10 assist those users ‘who possess sufticient electronic background to perform in-field test and repair work. Power Supply. Power is supplied 10 the Dyna-Mite modules by an internal AC oper bk may be strapped Tor ‘operation either at 115 or 230VAC at 50 10 60HZ. ‘The supply provides unregulated bipolar voltages vo the circuit modules, each of which contains on-card regulation to provide the bipolar 15 volts used internally ‘The power line fuse is mounted on the power supply board, and should be replaced with a similar unit, should a failure ‘occur. Be sure that the unit is unplugged from the AC line, before disassembling the unit, as dangerous voltages exist on the power supply board. Disassembly should be restricted to qualified service personnel, 5.2 ADJUSTING THE TRIM POTS Dyna-Mite uses a minimum number of eireut trims, and those which are present have been preset to their optimum position at the factory. In the event that any internal parts have been ‘changed, it might be necessary for the technician making those ‘changes t0 perform a re-adjustment procedure, to insure proper ‘operation. For this purpose, the following adjustment procedure is provided: 1, Detector Balance Trim (R18). This trim assures that both halves of a bipolar input waveforin ave equally detected. To adjust this trim, the front panel switches should be set as follows: (INT; Q) PEAK; (3) LIMIT. A IKHz oscitlator should be fed 10 she LNPUT terminal, at a level of OdBy (.775V RMS), and an AC coupled ostilascone should be connected to Test Point #1 (Pin 7 of US). RIS should then be adjusted such that alternate excursions of the displayed waveform are of equal magnitude. 2, Threshold Trim (R24), This trim calibrates the THRESH- OLD point, and has a strong effect on the accuracy of the THRESHOLD/GAIN coupling feature inherent in the baste fimit, modes. It should be adjusted 2s Fallows: Use the same setup as in #1 above. Use of the oscilloscope is not necessary for this adjustment. An AC meter capable of indi- cating OdBy (.775V RMS) should be connected to the OUTPUT connector. Set the THRESHOLD control to the - 10dBy sale marking. ‘With the IKHz oscillator connected to she INPUT connector, adjust the OUTPUT control to the OB scale marking. (Make sure the knob is centered on the potentiometer shaft.) Adjust R24 such that the observes nvxter Feading at the device output is QdBv (.775V RMS). Once this adjustmem fas been 5, Maintenance properly made, and assuming Yhe input oscilietr ie accurately set to deliver 0aBY to the input, small adjustments should now be niade to the frent panel THRESHOLD control, while observing the action of the gain reduction LEDs. The 10kIB gain reduction LED should come on when the THRESHOLD conwol is in the vicinity ofits ~10dBv scale marking. If necessary, reposition the THRESHOLD knob on the potentiometer shaft slightly, t achieve un sccurate correlation between the coincidence of the ~10dBv scale mark and illumination of the 10d gain reduction LED. Due to the smal knob and pot sizes involved, sinail errors {in the accuracy of the knob calibrations are to be expected If errors seem to be excessively jarge after the catibration procedure, the following test will help cletermine the severity of these errors Using the same setup, reduce the THRESHOLD control fo its full COW position (~40uBy). Configure the (est oscillator such that its output may be varied over the range of ~254Bv to — 45dBy (still IXHz). While observing the gain redvetion LEDs, adjust the oscillator output level such that vhe 1d gain reduction LED just comes on. Now measure the output leve! of the oscil lator. With proper calibration, the oscillator should now be producing —39dBy, +/— 34B. 3. VCA Rejection Trim (RION). (Accessible through the back ‘panel.) This umn balances the VCA such that maximum rejection of the control signal is realized. Should tis adjustmem be sub- stantially off, cracking oF clicking seunds aay be heard in the output signal during operation, The easiest and best field adjustment of ihis trim is performed by car—without test equipment, using the following procedure: fa. Set the front panel switches as fotlows: (1) EXT; 2) EXP; @)PEAK, b. Set RANGE to maxitnum (CCW), (CW), and RELEASE to minimura (COW), ©. Monitor the output of the devise with a monitor ainpti- fier/speaker. 4d. Apply a rapidly changing music source: to the EXTERNAL INPUT (drums are ideal). Make 19 connection to the INPUT fe. Adjust the THRESHOLD controt such that the movement of the gain seduetion LEDs is accomplished. £, White istening (o the monitor speaker. slawly adjust R101 for minimurn sound in the monitor. . hus maximizing rejection. Of the control sigoal. Do not be alarmed it this signal sounds distorted and noisy; it will in normal operation. If you wish te verify tle amount of gontrof rejection achieved, you may connect an oscilloscope t0 the output terminal, and observe the output nal. You should be able 10 adjast for uo more than 2Dmv of ‘output signal (contro! leakage) under these conditions, UTPUT 10 maximum axiom 5.3 WARRANTY VALLLY PEOPLE, INC, wi Ship and maretial under nonin use aia serie Soi fente that a'VALUEY PEOPLE, INC, product oe ang of ts abated enslosuces er poser sir Feturyed wa onsporiation prepaydta VALLEY PEOPLE, INC fof pugetiae. W the product is fount bY VALLEY PEO repaired ox replaced (at VALL United Sistes. inspection he VALLEY PEOPLE, INC af VALLES DEOL Fe ivesrcssealasacees wt a is nares i espreces in vEarELA ANC. wedse saclanurs oF powee sm The Lanepeing war nngated ar etude is VALLEY PEOPLE, ING ss wethin ele moths INC.'5 inspection 19 be defec PEOPLE, INC." elestion} Free 0 thse wr eapiave ees persly excluded sole warcanty, and all other warranties, expressed, lipled, or statstory, ae eVALLN I 3 is products and thsi related enclosures and power supplies 10 be fee Flom defects in worbman any is 40 eaten for a petiod OF Hache anh ar eate oF purchase, In the bia bed date ot puch conipatied 9y proo! 1 Worhimanship OF Materia, it Wil Be We and retard, transportation peep, 10 ay pole in the 1 dows mot Caskase ass Gefait #a erkTIENAeiP OH Goals sei oF lapel, and ve sole Habits UPLL, ANC election) @e Beodaet 6 YARaEn Me elated5.1 GRAPHS OF CONTROL FUNCTION 6. Ulustrations__ +70 +20 unit INF?1 4 7 oureur oureut tevel | evel wd gg ‘aoe -20 s 2 GATES (Buck) 1-20 0 -40 “020 oS a) ova a) 3 77 INPUT LeveL eon) INPUTLEVEL 30) IKPUT LEVELSB) Ficures FIGURE 2 FIGURES BASIC TRANSFER EFFECT OF THRESHOLD EFFECT OF EXPIGATE/DUCK CHARACTERISTICS IN Lint MODE RANGE CONTROL (NTERNAL DETECT MODE DETECT MODE: INTERNAL DETECT MODE: INTERNAL THRESHOLD: oaBv OurPUT! cogs ObTEUT: CoB. RANGE: 6008 RANGE! NOT APPLICABLE THRESHOLD: oot OUTPUT: 0d8 Fl (SHOWNIN GATE UP MODES — +20 20 saa a | ° o } EEEEse { GAIN GAIN { e) on \ EXP, i -20 ~20 | GATES : | | -10 -0 a <0 =e ee “ee 3 sie ote toons ate GaN EXTERNAL SIGNAL LEVEL (489 EXTERNAL SIGNAL LEVEL GO SIGNAL FREQUERCY FIGURE A FIGURES FIGURE 6 SIGNAL GAIN IN RESPONSE TO EXTERNAL CONTROL SIGNAL (EXT DETECT MODE) THRESHOLD: OdBv RANGE. 3028, OUTPUT: 008 16 SIGNAL GAIN IN RESPONS TO EXTERNAL CONTROL SIGNAL (EXT DETECT MODE) THRESHOLD: ~ 10dBv RANGE: 2008, OUTPUT: + to48, SIDE BAND EQUALIZATION APPLIED TO INPUT SIGNAL INFN-DS MODE (ACTUAL OUTPUT SIGNAL IS NOT EQUALIZED}g E $ g = 3 & a 5 5 < Zz z a a 36.3 DYNA-MITE PARTS OVERLAY6.4 POWER SUPPLY