Lap chole: epigastrium, midclavicular line, one at the, umbilicus (camera port)

Drains may come out of any of the working ports

Grid-iron: perpendicular to the McBurney’s line

Lanz: horizontal line (more for cosmetic)

Drainage of the area of dissection

Post-operation drain is not routinely done for lap appendix

Radivac bottle: draining hemoserous content  suggest recent operation

Drain usually turn from hemoserous  serous

Indications for open cholecystectomy

Surgical repair of gall duct

Previous adhesions from previous surgery

Big wounds tend to have multiple drains

Drains from pancreas: control drainage of pancreatic fluid

Minimally invasive inserted drain

 Diagnostic purpose
 Therapeutic purpose

Chest tube: can be both diagnostic and therapeutic

Nursing the Surgical Patient edited by Rosemary Pudner

External drain: cant cross the point of obstruction hence CANNOT spigot
Coop-loop: pig-tail cathether: cut the sticth to release

Indication: absecess cavity, ascitites drain

Chest tube: under-water seal

Flatus tube:

Gastric varices: are usually found in the cardia region

Pneumoperitneoum can lead to decrease venous return