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1.580 Closed Book Question
1.580 Closed Book Question
1) A physical condition or a release of a haz- ardous material that could result from component
failure and result in human injury or death, loss or damage, or environ- mental degradation.
A. Hazard
B. Loss
C. Failure
A. Mitigation
B. Reduction
C. Residual
3) Methods that use engineering judgment and experience as the bases for the analysis of
probabilities and consequences of failure.
A. Qualitative risk assessment
B. Relative risk
C. Nominal risk
4) An analysis that identifies and delineates the combinations of events, estimates the frequency of
occurrence for each combination and estimates the consequences.
A. Qunatitative risk analysis
B. Qualitative risk analysis
C. Process hazard analysis
A. Event trees
B. Fault trees
C. Logic trees
8) ……….. Depict ways in which the system failures rep- resented in the event trees can occur.
A. Event trees
B. Fault trees
C. Logic trees
9) The comparative risk of a facility, process unit, system, equipment item or component to other
facilities
A. Relative risk
B. Absolute risk
C. No risk
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
A. Risk
B. Failure
C. Loss
D. Reduction
11) Systematic use of information to identify sources and to estimate the risk.
A. Risk
B. Risk analysis
C. Hazard analysis
12) …………….. Pro- vides a basis for risk evaluation, risk mitigation and risk acceptance.
A. Risk
B. Risk analysis
C. Hazard analysis
13) Process used to assign values to the probability and consequence of a risk.
A. Risk evaluation
B. Risk estimation
C. Risk identification
14) Process used to compare the esti- mated risk against given risk criteria to determine the signifi-
cance of the risk.
A. Risk evaluation
B. Risk estimation
C. Risk identification
A. Risk estimation
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk identification
16) Coordinated activities to direct and control an organization with regard to risk.
A. Risk management
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk control
A. Source
B. Hazard
C. Toxic
A. Source
B. Toxic
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
A. Unmitigated risk
B. Known risk
C. Mitigated risk
20) ………… is the combination of the probability of some event occurring during a time period of
interest and the conse- quences, associated with the event.
A. Risk
B. Loss
C. Mitigated risk
A. Risk reduction
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk evaluation
22) A pro- cess to assess risks, to determine if risk reduction is required and to develop a plan to
maintain risks at an acceptable level.
A. Risk management
B. Risk mitigation
C. Risk control
23) When somem risk identified as acceptable then one of the following is not required
A. Risk reduction
B. Risk evaluation
C. Risk mitigation
D. Risk control
24) In process plants, ………………… are established to detect and evaluate deterioration due to in-
ser- vice operation
25) When an equipment has low deterioration rates as an inspector what you decide in lieu of internal
inspection
A. On-stream inspection
B. Out of service inspection
C. External inspection
26) ………… represents the next generation of inspection approaches and interval setting,
recognizing that the ultimate goal of inspection is the safety and reliability of operating facilities.
A. Rbi
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
B. Pha
C. Hazop
D. Rcm
28) ……… provides a consistent methodology for assessing the optimum combination of methods
and frequencies.
A. Rbi
B. Rcm
C. Pha
D. Hazop
29) Through ……………, inspection activities are focused on higher risk items and away from lower
risk items.
A. Rbi
B. Pha
C. Rcm
D. Hazop
30) Following are not the residual risk factors for loss of containment
A. Human error
B. Natural disasters
C. Fundamental limitations of inspection method
D. Toxic fluid containment
A. Relative risks
B. Absolute risks
C. Comparable risks
D. Total risks
32) Act of mitigating a known risk to a lower level of risk.
A. Risk reduction
B. Risk management
C. Risk mitigation
33) Some failures have potentially serious conse- quences, but if the probability of the incident is low,
then
34) If the prob- ability and consequence combination (risk) is high enough to be unacceptable, then
A. A mitigation action to predict or prevent the event is recommended.
B. A mitigation action to predict or prevent the event is not recommended
C. Warrant to analyse risks involved
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
35) ……………..refers to a prescrip- tive methodology that has resulted from the application of risk
analysis techniques at many different types of facilities,
36) A rbi analysis shares many of the techniques and data requirements with a …….
A. Qra
B. Pha
C. Hazop
D. Event tree
37) If a qra has been prepared for a process unit, the …………analysis can borrow extensively from
this effort.
A. Rbi consequence
B. Rbi liklihood
C. Rbi probability
38) Hazard identification in a rbi analysis generally focuses on identifiable failure mech- anisms in the
equipment (inspectable causes) but does not explicitly deal with
A. Other potential failure scenarios resulting from events such as power failures or human
errors.
B. Other potential failure resulting from events such as flammable fire due to leak from
equipment
C. Environmental impact caused due to toxic release
39) ……………..deals with total risk than with risk involve only with the equipment
A. Qra
B. Rbi
C. Pha
D. Fta
C. Maintenance engineer
D. Operations personnel
43) The suitability and current condition of the equipment within the current operating envelope will
determine the ………….of the equipment from one or more deterioration mechanisms.
44) The probability of failure, when cou- pled with the associated consequence of failure (cof)
(seesection 11) will determine ………….associated with the equipment item,
A. Operating risk
B. Ranking
C. Residual risk
45) …………. Is a risk management activity that may lead to risk reduction.
A. Inspection
B. Evaluation
C. Analysis
47) Following are some of the recognised risks which cannot be managed by inspection alone except one
A. Replacement or upgrade
B. Equipment redesign
C. Maintenance of strict controls on operating conditions
D. Risk management by monitoring the deterioration
49) In the event of a leak the potential failure of an isolation valve could
51) Rbi may include methodolo- gies to assess the effectiveness of the management systems in
maintaining
A. Mechanical integrity
B. Total asset integrity
C. Plant integrity
53) Reliability efforts, such as reli- ability centered maintenance (rcm), can be linked with rbi,
resulting in an integrated program to
A. Reduce downtime in an operating unit.
B. Reduce operating time of an unit
C. To reduce risk by mitigation activities
54) In jurisdictions that permit the applica- tion of the api inspection codes and standards
A. Rbi should be an acceptable method for setting inspection plans.
B. Rcm should be an acceptable method for setting the inspection plans
C. Pha
55) ……………to be established to judge acceptability of risk could be an objective of the rbi
assessment if such criteria do not exist already within the user’s company.
A. Risk criteria
B. Risk plan
C. Risk analysis
56) ………………….. Is usually not the primary objec- tive of a rbi assessment, but it is frequently a
side effect of optimization.
57) When the inspection program is optimized based on an understanding of risk, one or more of the
follow- ing cost reduction benefits may be realized. Except one
D. More effective infrequent inspections may be substituted for less effective frequent
inspections.
58) The following are the risks identified by rbi assessment that may be man- aged by actions other
than inspection. Except one
59) For qualititive rbi analysis it iis important to establish a set of rules to assure consistency in
A. Categorization or classification
B. Segregation
C. Ranking
60) Generally, a qualitative analysis using broad ranges requires a …………………..from the user
than a quantitative approach.
61) The models are evaluated…………………..to provide both qualitative and quantitative insights
about the level of risk and to identify the design, site, or operational characteristics that are the
most important to risk.
A. Probabilistically
B. Statistically
C. Linearly
D. Logically
63) Potential source of errors in rbi analysis regarding data quality are the following except
64) The following assumption can be made that significantly impact the calculated corrosion rate
early in the equipment life
A. If the base line thickness were not performed the nominal thickness may be used for the
original thcikness
B. If original thickness not available, averaged ut thickness readings may be used
C. If the original thickness not available, maximum ut thickness readings may be used
65) ………………… may result in the calculated corrosion rate appearing artificially high or low.
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
A. Clerical error
B. Measurement error
C. Inspector error
D. Ut scanning
66) The data validation step stresses the need for a knowledgeable individual
A. To comparing data from the inspections to the expected deterioration mechanism and rates.
B. To com-pare the results with previous measurements on that system,
C. Similar systems at the site or within the company or published data.
D. All of the above
67) the amount and type of codes and standards used by a facility can have
68) Who should be consulted to define the equipment deterioration mechanisms, susceptibility and
potential failure modes.
A. A metallurgist or corrosion specialist
B. A metallurgist and corrosion specialist
C. A metallurgist only
D. Corrosion specialist only
69) ------------------are the primary inputs into the probability of failure evaluation.
A. Understanding equipment operation and the interaction with the chemical and mechanical
environment.
B. Understanding equipment operation and process upsets
C. Understanding equipment operation and its safety protective measures
71) Who can provide useful input (such as the spectrum of process condi-tions, injection points etc.)
To aid materials specialists in the identification of deterioration mechanisms and rates.
A. Process specialists
B. Plant operation specialists
C. Asset integrity experts
D. Inspection engineers
75) ………………curves are referred for htha deterioration mechanism for carbon and low ally steel
materials
A. Nelson curves
B. Ph concentration curves
C. Schmidtt curves for sulfide corrosion
76) Following are the critical variables for deterioration mechanism except
A. Material of construction
B. Process operating
C. Start up and shut down conditions
D. Insulation
A. Fatigue
B. Stress/creep rupture
C. Tensile overload
D. Intergranular corrosion
78) Depending on the methodology employed in qualitative analysis, the categories may be described
with words such as
A. High, medium or low or may have numerical descriptors.
B. High, medium or low only
C. Numerical discriptors only
79) When in accurate or insufficient failure data exists on the specific equipment item for quantative
probability of faliure analysis then
A. Corrosion rates for thinning or susceptability for mechasnisms where deterioration rate is
unknown
B. Corrosion rates for thinning on ly
C. Immeasurable quantity
D. Discrete numbers
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
81) Damage mechanisms where deterioration rates are immeasurable or unknown are
82) The ability to state the rate of deterioration precisely is affected by the following except
A. By equipment complexity
B. Type of deterioration mechanism, process and metallurgical variations,
C. Inaccessibility for inspection, limitations of inspection and test methods
D. Lack of coverage of an area subject to deterioration.
E. None of the above
83) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to pitting
84) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to ssc
85) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due to mechanical and metallurgical deterioration
86) The type of failure mode that likely to occur due thinning
87) If a very aggressive acid is carried over from a corrosion resistant part of a system into a
downstream vessel that is made of carbon steel, the result would be
88) If multiple inspections have been performed, which inspection may best reflect current operating
conditions.
A. Rbi
B. Rcm
C. Pha
D. Hazop
92) Qualitative consequence analysis of failure can be estimated separately for each unit, system,
equipment group or individual equipment item.
A. Numeric
B. Ranges from high to low
C. Frequency
D. Occasion
94) In most consequence evaluations, a key element in deter-mining the magnitude of the
consequence is
A. The volume of fluid released.
B. Amount of surface area exposed due to toxic release
C. Physical area impacted by release
95) Following is the unit of measure of consequence that are least developed among those currently used
for rbi assessment
A. Affected area
B. Cost
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
C. Enviromental damage
D. Safety
A. Close range
B. Wide range
C. Large distance
D. None of the above
97) Toxic releases in rbi are only addressed when they affect
A. Personnel
B. Equipment
C. Process
A. On acute and immediate envi-ronmental risks, rather than chronic risks from low-level
emissions
B. On acute and immediate chronic risks than immediate environmental risks
C. Non threat environmental risks
A. Cost
B. Release
C. Volume of fluid
D. Toxic concentration
100) Maintenance impact will generally be measured in monetary terms and typically includes:
101) ………………..is a powerful tool that is being used by many companies, governments
and regulatory authorities as one method in determining risk acceptance.
A. Cost-benefit analysis
B. Risk analysis
C. Cost consequence analysis
D. Risk based cost analysis
A. Risk value
B. Risk matrix
C. Risk consequence
D. Risk failure
103) ………………….typically involves reviewing some or all input variables to the risk
calculation to determine the overall influence on the resultant risk value.
API 580 CLOSED BOOK QUESTION
A. Sensitivity analysis
B. Risk analysis
C. Process hazard analysis
D. Safety risk analysis
104) ……………is an important part of the data validation phase of risk assessment.
A. Sensitivity analysis
B. Risk analysis
C. Probability analysis
D. Process hazard analysis
105) The information gathering performed after the sensitivity analysis should be focused on
developing
106) Too conservative assumptions made for the available or unavailabel data lead to overestimating
consequences or probability of failure values will
107) Once the risk values are developed, one way of presenting results of the risk values are by
108) When the consequence category is given a higher weightage than the probability category then the
risk matrix will be
A. Symmetrical
B. Asymmetrical
C. Logical
D. None of the above
110) Once the risk plots have been completed then the risk plot or matrix can be used as ……………
during the prioritization process
A. Screening tool
B. Guideline tool
C. Control line tool
D. Risk determination tool
112) A pressure vessel which is critical for operations,whose design pressure is 15 bar and its operating
pressure under normal conditions vary from 6 bar to 10bar. The vessel is in sulphuric acid process
environment. In due course of time after the vessel put into service for 10years, it subject to thinning
due to sulphuric acid corrosion and found that localised corrosion upto 7mm( nominal thickness-
10mm, t-min-4mm). The vessel undergone rbi analysis and categorised under higher risk ranking,
following are the best suitable mitigation action to be consired
A. Equipment to be decomissioned
B. Equipment redesign
C. Reduction of operating pressure acceptable to the process followed by cost effective
inspection program with repair as indicated by the inspection results
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
113) The quality of the inspection data and the analysis or interpretation will greatly affect the
114) Following are the tools critical to achiece risk mitigation through inspection
115) Which plays a major role in over all risk management strategy
A. Inspection
B. Mitigation
C. Consequence
D. Failure
116) Which inspection technique for a piping circuit would be considered to have little or no
benefit if the deterioration mechanism results in unpredictable local- ized corrosion
C. Radiography
D. All of the above
117) In the case of localised corrosion, which inspection technique is more effective
118) Which are the best cases that may cause deterioration and increase the risk of the equipment when
managing the risk with inspection activities
119) ………………… be performed to determine what size flaws, if found in future inspections,
would require repair or equipment replacement.
A. Fit- ness-for-service
B. Rbi analysis
C. Process hazard analysis
D. All of the above