BMS Design

CONTENTS
Preface
The purpose of this document is to help the users to understand how the instrumentation of air-conditioning
system works. There are various types of instrumentation systems such as electric, electronic and direct digital
control (DDC) systems, which can be used to control the air handling unit (AHU). This document includes a
number of examples with the emphasis placed on electronic and electrical instrumentation. The Appropriate
method must be selected after studying the various conditions such as how the system will be used, likely
operating conditions, degree of control accuracy required, consistency of all facilities, etc.
Contact the Yamatake representatives for further information on actual instrumentation and design.

Part I
1. Building Management System
1.1 What is building management system? ................................................................................................. 1
1.2 The Advantages of Building Management System ................................................................................ 4

2. Fundamentals of Automatic Control

2.1 General of Automatic Control ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Automatic Control Methodology ............................................................................................................ 7
2.3 Application fo Automatic Control device ................................................................................................ 9
2.4 BMS & Automatic control design general .............................................................................................. 11
2.5 Automatic Control System Design Procedure ........................................................................................ 15
2.6 Automatic Control System Retrofit Planning Procedure ........................................................................ 17

3. Automatic Control Devices

3.1 Electric Control Devices ........................................................................................................................ 19
3.2 Electronic Control Devices .................................................................................................................... 19
3.3 DDC (Direct Digital Control) .................................................................................................................. 21
3.4 Intelligent Component ........................................................................................................................... 24

4. HVAC System generals

4.1 AHU Systems ........................................................................................................................................ 25
4.2 Chiller Plant Systems ............................................................................................................................ 26

5. Control Functions
5.1 HVAC Automatic Control details ............................................................................................................ 27
5.2 Energy saving application ..................................................................................................................... 30

6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

6.1 Examples of Automatic Control System Instrumentation ....................................................................... 35

Part II
Guide Specification for HVAC
 1 Building Management System
1 Building Automation

1.1 What is Building Management System?

Building Management System (BMS) is
comprehensive system for controlling and managing
various facilities in a building. Central monitoring
system monitors the operating status and errors of
building facilities such as air handling, chiller plant,
utilities and power facilities. With the advent of
computer technology and improvement in digital
communication technology, the automatic control
equipment of air handling can now be integrated
with centralized equipment resulting in centralized
monitoring and control of all the facilities in a
building.
Centralized equipment is now called an Integrated
BA System, which monitors an expanding number of
facilities, from lighting, elevator facilities, fire control
facilities, and security facilities such as access
control or intrusion monitoring from user terminals.
It has also expanded into a system called a
Intelligent Building Management System which
controls information on the entire building and its
facilities and ensures their effective operation.
A BMS can be classified into the following four
categories.
(1) Automatic control system
The automatic control system provides
continuous, sequential and energy-saving
control of process values (physical values)
related to air handling, chiller plant and Utilities,
etc.
In air handling systems, control of temperature
or humidity in air handling units (AHU) which
carry out cooling/heating or ventilation is
included. In chiller plant facilities, a number of
operating unit controls and pressure controls for
heat pump chillers, refrigerators and pumps are
included.
In Utilities, control of water tank level and pumps
operation which supply clean water in buildings
or waste water treatment are included in the
automatic control system.
agreed with utility companies will not be
exceeded.
The system can be upgraded to the BMS, in
which the information managed by the BMS can
be displayed on user's PC monitors and users
can operate each facility.
(3) Security/fire control system
The security system controls access to buildings
or individual rooms using a mechanized system,
features intrusion monitoring to detect intruders
in buildings, and issues alarms and video
monitoring. There are two types of access
control system: using a key management box,
and using a card reader. These systems assure
not only the safety of buildings but allow users
24-hour access.
The fire control system for detecting fire in
buildings and for preventing the spread of fire
can display alarms or stop AHU by establishing a
receiver specified by laws and by incorporating
the signals into the integrated BA system.
(4) Intelligent Building Management System
The Intelligent building management system
collects, stores and processes information on a
variety of facilities in buildings and operating
data to help building managers with
maintenance control work, maintenance work,
tenant billing and energy management and helps
building owners with maintenance cost
management.
For example, software is included that supports
equipment ledger management, performance
management, maintenance schedule
management, metering and billing.
⋅ Vertical integration of
functions
IBMS
Information
management
⋅ Vertical decentralization
of systems
Building Monitoring / operation
Management System
Central control

(2) Building Management System Automatic control system

Local control
The Building Management System monitors the
operating status and identifies any malfunctions
Automatic fire alarm
Intrusion monitoring

Smoke control
User terminal

Access control

of the equipment in building at the fundamental

Chiller plant
Air handling

Plumbing
Elevator

Lighting

Power
(PC)

level. It carries out display of functions, keeps a

log and operates the system. It also controls
system-wide facilities such as power or air
handling systems. For example, it features ⋅ Horizontal integration of target facilities
scheduled operating controls to operate ⋅ Horizontal decentralization of system

equipment according to a set schedule, and

power demand control to operate each facility Figure 1 Conceptual rendering of Intelligent
and all equipment so that the power demand Building Management System

1
 1 Building Management System

Intelligent Building

Facility Fire Lift/Escalator IBMS

Reservation Alarm System Server

Ethernet
Integration
Data

BEMS
Server

Building Energy Management System

BACnet IP

Energy System
Data Management
Server Server
Client PC

System
Core
Server

LonTalk

Infilex Infilex
Paramatrix ZM AC Infilex
Chiller Plant GD
Controller

SAnet Infilex
VC
Infilex
FC

ACTIVAL
VAV
ACTIVAL
PLUS ACTIVAL MINI
BOX
Neoplate Neopanel

Intelligent
Component Series

Building Management

Figure 2 Sample automatic control system of air-conditioning and Sanitary facilities

2
1 Building Management System

IBMS
Management System

Help Facility Asset Multimedia

Desk Management Management Public Display

Security
Security System

OPC
Data Security Server
Storage Data
Server Server

BACnet IP

Access
Core
Controller
CCTV
Wiegand

3rd Party Electric Proximity

LonTalk Lock Card
IR Reader
Infilex Devices Passive
GC Sensor

Lighting
System
CO2 Room
Concentration Temperature
ACTIVAL
Transmitter Humidity
Sensor Operator
Pipe
Duct
Panel
BACnet Modbus
Insertion
Insertion Devices Interface
Temperature
Temperature
Humidity
Sensors
Sensors
PLC
BMS Power meter
System

Figure 3 Sample integrated BA system

3

1.2 The Advantages of Building Management System
The advantages of introducing a Building
Management System to users of buildings include
the provision of a comfortable, safe and convenient
environment. The advantages to owners and
managers include reduction of operating costs by
means of energy conservation and labor-saving
over the entire building as well as better
maintenance, leading to improvement of the value of
property. The BMS clearly affords a variety of
(1) Labor-saving, efficient management
Since integration allows comprehensive control
of large amounts of data, operation of building
and facilities can be carried out by a smaller
number of people. More sophisticated
management can be realized through effective
use of the information.
(2) Maintenance and optimization of
environment
Maintains optimum thermal environment
condition, such as temperature and humidity
including CO2 and dust requirements, as well as
lighting levels for individual users or production
facilities.
(3) Resource/energy saving
Utilizing natural energy effectively and limiting
unnecessary use of resources or energy, using
the methods like controlling and maintaining a
desired temperature setting accurately, or by
employing only outdoor air necessary to carry
out control in response to the load placed in the
building.
1 Building Management System
benefits.
In particular, the automatic air-conditioning control
system allows the creation of the most comfortable
environment for users, prevents wastage of energy
by optimum control and continuously maintains
these advantages. Introducing BMS. The detailed
benefits of introduction are as follows:
(4) Ensures a variety of safety features
By concentrating all information about building
facilities into the central unit, you can easily
identify the status of facilities, operate the
facilities and take correct countermeasures in
the event of power failure or outbreak of fire. By
integration with the security system, you can
assure the safety of building users and
confidential information with no loss of
convenience.
(5) Improve convenience for building users
By integrating each facility, services and
convenience to individual users can be improved.
For example, 24-hour free safe access to
buildings, simple and user-friendly setting and
adjustment of temperature or operating time and
identification of outdoor air temperature, weather
status and building management information.
The following pages illustrate a sample
automatic control system for air-conditioning and
utilities, and a sample integrated BA system.
4
 2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control
This section describes the mechanism of automatic Please note that to make the descriptions in this
control, important factors in air handling control document simpler and easier to understand, some
including temperature, humidity, pressure, flow rate, non-technical expressions may be used in the
response, methods and how to read the sections describing the theory of automatic control.
implementation diagrams as well as notes for
designing automatic control systems.

2.1 General of Automatic Control

Figure 4 shows an example of manual adjustment changes in
and Figure 5 shows an example of automatic control. setting

Temperature
As you can see in Figure 5, an automatic control temperature or
Necessary changes
system consists of a sensing element, a controller changes of of temperature
and a final control element. The sensing element is disturbance, a
an alternative to human vision, the controller which delay occurs in
makes comparisons and judgments is an alternative the system until
to the brain and the final control element is a control action is (appearance) (appearance)
Dead time Time constant
substitute for the hands and feet. Automatic control taken and the
Dead time & Time constant
systems always compare the actual temperature actual room
with the desired temperature and work to eliminate temperature starts changing. This is called dead
the difference between them. time. The time taken from start of changes in room
To a control system, changes in outdoor air load temperature to re-establishment of set temperature
such as outdoor air temperature or solar radiation is called the time constant.
and changes in room load such as number of The quality required for automatic control in such
occupants are added as disturbance. If there is no systems is quick response and stability. Quick
change in internal or external conditions, once a response means to achieve the target value as soon
valve (final control element) is set to the optimum as possible. Stability means to keep the system
position, the temperature is held constant. However, which achieved the target constant. To design
loads fluctuate with changing external and internal automatic control, function and quality must be
conditions, making automatic control necessary. determined in line with the characteristics of the
As the figure on the right shows, when there are applicable control and budget.

Room
temperature
Steam 20°C

a)Manual adjustment of
20°C
room temperature Desired value
25°C In manual adjustment you look at the current room temperature, compare it with the desired value, decide
whether to open or close the valve and manually set the valve to change the flow rate of steam.
As the result, the supply air temperature and room temperature change and you visually confirm the result.

b) Flow (temperatures in the diagram are examples)

Figure 4 Manual adjustment

Outdoor air temperature

Temperature controller Infiltration, solar radiation
Thermostat
Change in number of occupants
Control differential
Motorized valve Steam + Comparison Amount of control
Set point (room temperature)
(Temperature setting)
Motorized valve AHU 20°C
Issues signals to (Room)
a)Automatic control of 25°C controller to reduce
room temperature control differential. Starts operation at the signal from the controller
and changes the temperature of the control target

Detects room temperature 20°C

b) Flow (temperatures in the diagram are examples)

Figure 5 Automatic control

5
 2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

2.2 Automatic Control Methodology

There are various methods for operating the characteristics of the control target, the required
controller of automatic control equipment. These are degree of control accuracy and the budget available.
selected and adopted according to the This section describes a typical control response
used in automatic control of air-conditioning.

Control
Two-position (ON/OFF) control Proportional (P) Control
Item

Setting dial Setting dial

Diaphragm Diaphragm
Mechanism Increase in temperature
Increase in temperature
(electric control device) Snap switch Potentiometer

Differential Proportional band

･ The position of the target value ･ The position of the target value
varies depending on the controller Fully open varies depending on the controller
Position

Position
Action diagram
Fully closed
(heating)
(Temperature) (Temperature)
Amount of control Amount of control
Target value Target value

Amount of control Amount of control

Response
Fluctuation in room

Proportional band
Target value
Target value

temperature

(response when the

Differential

system is loaded in
progressive stages.) Offset

Time Time

Dead
Short Short to medium
Control element

time
Recommended control system

Time
Medium to long Medium to long
constant

Size Small Small to medium

Disturbance

Speed Low Low to medium

･Select either of the two fixed amounts control ･The amount of operation is proportional to the
signal. current value of the action signal.
･The setting is just a target value. ･The setting is just a target value. An offset
It does not achieve the exact set point. (remaining differential) remains, since no action is
Features ･If the differential is too large, the fluctuation made to achieve the exact set point.
increases; ･If the proportional band is wide, the offset is large;
if it is too small, it turns on and off repeatedly, an if it is too small, hunting occurs.
effect called 'hunting.'
･Relatively small and stable system. ･Control target with minimum disturbance and lag.
･Room temperature control, where it is OK if the ･Room temperature control, where a high degree of
temperature varies around the target value accuracy is not required.
Applications (differential).

Figure 6.1 Action of automatic control (1)

6
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

Control Proportional + Integral + Derivative

Floating Control Proportional + Integral (PI) Control
Item (PID)Control

Increase in amount

Amount of operation

Amount of operation
of operation
Diaphragm

Off Decrease in
amount of
Action diagram operation
(heating)
(Temperature) (Temperature) (Temperature)
amount Amount Amount
of control of control of control
Dead band
Proportional Proportional
Target value Set point Set point
band band

Amount of control Amount of control Amount of control

Proportional band
Proportional band
Response
(response when
Dead band

Set point
Set point
Position

disturbance is added in
the systems loaded in
progressive stages.)

Time Time Time

Control element

Dead
Recommended control system

Short Short to medium Short to long

time

Time
Short Short to long Short to long
constant

Small to large Small to large Small to large

Disturbance

Size

Speed Low Low to medium Low to high

･When an action signal exceeds a ･Adds the integral action to the ･Adds a derivative function to the
certain range(dead band),it proportional action to eliminate offset PI control. Provides a faster
increases/decreases the amount of and keeps the control target at or response.
operation at a certain speed. very near the set point
Features ･The setting is just a target value.
It does not achieve the exact set
point.

･System with minimum lag and time ･Systems with large disturbance ･System where there are
constant ; disturbance can be large. ･Room temperature control or significant load changes and a
･Tank level control, etc. pressure control where supply air high degree of accuracy is
temperature control or high degree of required.
Applications accuracy is required. ･Special constant temperature and
constant humidity control,
pressure control, etc.

Notes:P: Proportional
I : Integral
D: Derivative
Figure 6.2 Action of Automatic Control (2)

7

2.3 Application for Automatic Control Device
According to its principle and structure, the
automatic control equipment for air handling is
classified as follows:
(See Figure 7 on the next page).
• Electric
• Electronic
• Pneumatic
• Electro-pneumatic
• Direct Digital Control (DDC)
These methods are chosen for their specific
characteristics (Figure 7, next page).
With the recent digitalization of products, it is getting
more difficult to categorize these methods simply
according to their operating principle and structure.
Please note that in this document some devices are
regarded as electronic due to how they are applied,
even if they use built-in digital circuits. The structure,
operating principle and type of each device is
explained in Section 3.
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control
In Japan, compared with America and Europe,
pneumatic/electro-pneumatic methods using
pneumatic pressure as the input signal are found in
only a few applications, such as chiller plant control
or explosion-proof systems, where large valves are
used, or hospitals, where many valves are used.
In electric control devices, mechanical elements
such as diaphragms or nylon tapes are used and
sensing elements and a controller are included in a
single unit. These devices are commonly used as
they are convenient to handle and feature low cost.
However, it is expected that these devices will be
replaced by electronic digitized products with a
similar appearance. Microprocessors are
increasingly being mounted on electronic devices,
but DDC is becoming even more widespread.
Further details on DDC are given in Section 3.3.
Here, DDC is categorized as a product that obtains
various function and benefits by communicating with
main building management system. In this regard, it
is different from electronic devices with micro
processors.
8
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

Electric Pneumatic Electronic Electro-pneumatic DDC

Sensing & Control Sensing & Control Sensing Sensing Sensing Sensing
Element Element Element Element Element Element
Remote setting Remote setting Communication
with central
Diagram system
Controller Controller Controller
temperature Controller
Central F/O unit
Case:
Temperature
control Converter

Final Control Final Control Final Control Final Control Final Control
Final Control
Element Element Element Element Element
Element
･Physical ･Air pressure balancing method ･Resistance temperature ･Sensing element ･Digital circuits
dispositions of using nozzles and flappers. device Bridge circuit and controller are (microcomputer)
bellows, bimetal ･Two types available: sensing Electronic circuits are electronic control. are used.
diaphragms or element and controller integral type used ･Final control ･Digital signal
nylon tapes are and separate type. ･Transmit by current, element uses ･Realize excellent
Principle used. ･High accuracy types for industrial voltage signal. pneumatic control. performance by
･The sensing use are also available. ･Microcomputer mounted Attains advantages mutual
element and types and sensing of both control. communication
controller are element and controller with central
integrated in a integral types are monitoring unit
single unit. available.
Source of power Electricity Air Electricity Electricity / Air Electricity
Accuracy Moderate Moderate Accurate Accurate Accurate
Sensing
Transmission Moderate Moderate Fast Fast Fast
Response
Actuator
Response Moderate Moderate Moderate
Speed
･Two-position ･Proportional ･Two-position ･Two-position ･Two-position
･Proportional ･Compensation ･Proportional ･Proportional ･Proportional
･PID ･PID ･PID
･Cascade ･Cascade ･Cascade
･Compensation ･Compensation ･Compensation
+
･Various complex
Control Method computing
control
･Comfortable
environment
control
･Energy-saving
control
･Indication ･Indication
･Central monitoring ･Central monitoring
measurement measurement
Function ･Central monitoring ･Central monitoring
setting setting

･Temperature ･Temperature ･Temperature ･Temperature ･Temperature

･Humidity ･Humidity ･Humidity ･Humidity ･Humidity
･Pressure ･Pressure ･Pressure ･Pressure ･Pressure
Control Element ･Dew point temperature ･Dew point ･Dew point
･Flow rate temperature temperature
･Others ･Flow rate ･Flow rate
･Others ･Others
Ease of Very Easy Easy Moderate Moderate Moderate
handling
Ease of Very Easy Easy Easy Moderate Easy
installation
Applicable with Flame Applicable with Applicable with
proof device (Install Flame proof Flame proof
Flameproof Not Applicable Applicable flameproof equipment) device (Install device (Install
flameproof flameproof
equipment) equipment)
Low cost, provided Low cost, provided the More expensive than Comparatively low Less expensive
the instrumentation is simple. an electric control cost in than an electric
instrumentation is (air source equipment is required) system. instrumentation control system if
Cost efficiency simple. with many valves. it is used with
central
monitoring unit
General air For flameproof For constant Constant Intelligent
handling When large valves are used temperature and temperature and building
Simple (relatively low cost) constant humidity constant humidity Energy-saving
instrumentation Remote setting Remote setting instrumentation
indication indication Complex
Applications Control target with instrumentation
rapidly changing
disturbance
When large valves
are used
Figure 7 Control methods comparison table

9
 2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

2.4 BMS & Automatic Control Design General

At first glance, diagrams of automatic controls for tend to use slightly different rules). Normally,
air-handling look confusing and off-putting. However, drawings of BMS including central monitoring and
it is possible to understand the drawing more easily automatic controls are composed of the following
if you learn a few rules. (Different manufacturers items.

1. Automatic control Drawing

2. Legend Table for automatic control devices

3. Valve size table

4. Automatic control (remote) panel dimensions table

5. Central monitoring system block diagram

6. Central monitoring system specifications

7. Central monitoring system dimension diagram

8. Central monitoring system I/O hardware interface wiring circuit diagram

9. Central monitoring system input and output list I/O table

10.BMS & Automatic control flow wiring plan

Work segment diagram and central monitoring In addition, some typical examples of
system diagrams may be added to these drawings. instrumentation diagrams of air-conditioning
In particular, instrumentation diagrams in which the facilities are shown in Section 6.
functions and systems of automatic control are Figure 8 shows a table of typical symbols, Figure 9
entered with an overview of facilities enable the shows the legends used in instrumentation
viewer to fully understand the automatic control diagrams and Figure 10 gives an explanation using
system. an instrumentation example of an air handling unit
This section contains an explanation of the symbols control.
used in this diagram.

10
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

Note : The • symbol in floor plans is intended for use in measurements.

Symbol
Abbreviations Description Remarks
Instrumentation
diagram
Floor plan

Electric thermostat/humidity
T,H Room temperature (humidity) controller
controller

TE,HE,THE Room temperature (humidity) sensor (transmitter) Electronic sensor

TD Duct temperature controller Electric thermostat

TED,DTE Duct (dew-point) temperature sensor (transmitter) Electronic sensor

TW Pipe insertion temperature controller Electric thermostat

TEW Pipe insertion temperature sensor Electronic sensor

CO2 CO2 density sensor

PE Pressure transmitter

dPE Differential pressure (static pressure) transmitter

dPS Differential pressure switch

FM Flow meter

The symbol shown in ( ) is used to

⎯ SW (Toggle) Switch
represent panel mounted device.

⎯ QM Set point device

⎯ R/TM/Other Relay/timer/converter

Temperature (humidity, others) (indicating)

⎯ TC,TIC,HIC controller

⎯ TR,AT Transformer

⎯ DDC,PMX DDC controller

MD(MDF/MDE) Motorized damper actuator

MV Motorized two-way valve

MVT Motorized three-way valve

Motorized butterfly valve/ball valve/electromagnetic

BFV/BV/SV valve

⎯ ⎯ Central monitoring panel

⎯ CP/RS Automatic control panel/remote panel

Figure 8 Typical symbols for automatic control drawings

11
 2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

Legend

Power (1∅100/200 V AC, devices inside panel are omitted.)

Power (24 V AC, connected to transformer secondary side)

Unshielded cable (diagonal lines show the number of cables)

Shielded cable (diagonal lines show the number of cables)

Coaxial cable (diagonal lines show the number of cables)

Air piping

Fan interlock signal (52X contact)

ON/OFF signal ( Shows Mg.SW)

Air source (main air)

Devices mounted inside the field mounted panel

Devices mounted inside the monitoring panel

Devices mounted inside field mounted box (relay, transformer boxes, etc.)

signal to/from monitoring panel

communication cable (EIA 568 complied category 3 to 5∅ 0.5 × 4P)

General work segments

1. Power supply for automatic control

Supplied from a Distribution board (or power panel).
Piping and wiring work is included in the automatic control work.

2. Interlock
This work involves piping and wiring up to the target devices such as power panels.
Interlocking inside the power panel is included in the power work.

3. Central monitoring input and output

Piping and wiring between the power panel, high voltage panel , distribution board and remote station
(RS) panels are included in this work.
Auxiliary relays and contacts required for remote control of power, lighting, etc. are installed inside the
respective power panel.
(See the input and output interconnection diagram)

4. Fan coil
Piping and wiring between fan coil local operation switch and the main unit is included in this work.

5. Variable Air Volume (VAV)

Power supply for VAV (24 V AC) is supplied from the instrumentation panel (CP).
Piping and wiring between CP panel and VAV are included in this work.

Figure 9 Legend and example of work segment

12
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

The symbols with shading

Communication lines represent the devices
with BMS mounted in panel

Communication Abbreviation for

interface Direct Digital Controller
The symbols without shading
lines represent the devices
mounted in field/room

COM DDC
I/F
Shows contact Shows analog Shows number of cables
(digital) output DO DI AO AI signal input

Shows contact
1
(digital) input
Shows branching
of signal lines
Shows analog
signal output

Shows 24V
AC output
2
R
R.A
THE Shows the product
dPS MV1 MV1 MV2 BAV abbreviation specified
in the device list
1

Return
air duct C H
Supply air duct S.A
O.A Outdoor air duct FAN

MDF C C

TD

See valve selection table 1

for flow details of coil Shows panel Shows 24V
and humidification unit power AC input
TR AC output
2

AT

Control items
Humidification Chilled water Hot water Chilled water
1. Room temperature control (%) valve valve (%) valve (reheat) valve
100 100
Chilled water valve and hot water valve shall be
Valve opening
Valve opening

controlled (Modulating control by PI action) by room

temperature to keep set point.
Hot water Chilled water 0 0
(%) valve valve
100 Set point Humidity Set point Temperature
Valve opening

3. Start-up control
Outdoor air damper remains closed for pre-cooling or preheating for a
0 predetermined time after AHU is started.
Set point Temperature 4. Interlock control
Devices are interlocked with AHU status and season's information.
2. Room humidity control
Devices : O.A damper, 2-way valves, humidification valve.
Humidification (winter) : Proportional humidification
valve shall be controlled by room humidity to keep set 5. Defect alarm of humidification valve
point. Humidification valve defect is detected by the temperature inside AHU
Dehumidification (summer) : Proportional chilled water when AHU is off.
valve shall be controlled as dehumidification by room 6. Communication with BMS
humidity to keep set point.
Under processing dehumidification, room temperature
shall be compensated by reheat valve control.

Figure 10 Example of Automatic Control Diagram

13
 2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

2.5 Automatic Control System Design Procedure

Since automatic control plays the important role of
being the 'nervous system' of buildings or facilities,
sufficient consideration must be paid to the design
stage of the buildings.
This section explains the system-wide plan of
automatic control made at the planning stage of the
building or facilities and examples of procedures of
instrumentation and design of individual facilities at
the actual design stage.

System-wide plan

Identify the area, use, scale, methods of management and operation, concept
Identify the various
and budget of the building. The importance of control changes depending on the
characteristics of the building area or use. For example, some areas may need frost-protection control.

Identify overview of Identify the concept, method, system and number of units of the building
facilities.
building facilities

Determine the conditions Determine the concept, effect of introduction, required quality (required
accuracy, etc.) and environmental conditions of the automatic control system.
for the plan For example, determine which is of primary importance: temperature/humidity
conditions, energy conservation, system reliability, etc.

Determine control items Determine the control target, items to be controlled, monitored, operated and
over all function for each facility. See Sections 5 and 6.
and functions

Select the system Select the system-wide configuration and control method to match the required
function. For example, optimum start/stop control of the air handling unit can be
and control method carried out at the central monitoring unit and the other AHU controls can be
performed by DDC.

Check whether the selected control function and control method are consistent
Check consistency with
with the facility system. Review of the building or facilities may be necessary for
facility systems the required function for automatic control.

Check whether the plan is in line with the budget.

Check budget

14
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

Instrumentation design for individual facility

Check the device table of the facility, distribution diagram or floor plan and
Identify facility drawing identify the position of the respective facility.

Check control item and Check the control items, functions and accuracy required for control of the
respective facility system while planning the instrumentation.
function

Identify devices, duct and piping systems related to the respective facility and
Identify facility system check whether they are consistent with the control items. For example, return air
fans, exhaust air fans, duct systems, and piping systems for air handling units.

Check whether the operable valves, dampers, humidifiers, inverters, etc. related
Check final control elements to the respective facility are connected to the locations consistent with the
control items.

Determine locations of Determine the types of sensors and installation locations (rooms, return air
ducts, etc.) to ensure that the sensors required for control items accurately
sensors detect the load on the control targets. Also take into account the space design
and ambient environments.

Determine your control method based on what it is you want to control, the
Select the control method required conditions of quality, the driving source, need for measurement, setting
and display, position, operating method, and method of management.

With consideration given to the elements added so far, set up the control logic
Design control logic based on the required control loop, how it is planned to work, the relationship
between each loop, interlock, the transmission points for central monitoring, etc.
An overview of the control logic system is described in the instrumentation
diagram with an explanation of what each part does.

Select control devices in line with control logic, input/output signal, circuits and
Select the control devices budgets.

Select the appropriate type and size of control valves based on the liquid, flow
Select the control valves rate, inlet pressure, pressure drop (ÆP), and pressure rating. Check whether
the pressure, shut-off and flow rate is within the allowable range of the valve. For
details, see our separate document, "Valve Selection and Sizing"

Create instrumentation Create your instrumentation diagram, automatic control device table and valve
size table.
diagram

Calculate the automatic Based on the devices installed inside the respective automatic control panel,
calculate panel size and create size table.
control panel size.

Create your floor plan for automatic control based on the positions of facility
Create your floor plan equipment, piping, ducts, power and distribution boards work segments, and
wiring routes and your existing instrumentation diagram.

Identify the quantity of devices, panels, piping, wiring and installation work and
Create a detailed budget calculate the budget, including the costs of devices and panels, adjustment
costs, engineering costs and instrumentation work costs.

15

2.6 Automatic Control System Retrofit Planning Procedure
As with facilities, it is also important to identify the
problems and needs of the owners, users and
building managers and solve them successfully and
reliably when fitting automatic controls.
Planning procedure for retrofit building
Investigation of current
conditions
Basic plan
Investigation for
implementation
Implementation plan
Installation plan
Installation
Operation
Measuring the effects
of the new system
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control
The course of action for retrofitting is distinctly
different from that for installation of systems in new
buildings. An example of planning procedure and
retrofitting of air handling unit controls is given
below.
Identify current problems.
It is important to precisely identify current problems and solve them
reliably to make retrofit plans successful.
Therefore,
1. Precisely identify the problems and needs of owners, building users and building
managers.
2. Objectively determine the need for retrofitting based on a diagnosis of the facilities, etc.
3. Investigate the current system and devices to identify the operating conditions of each
function.
4. Investigate the availability of parts necessary for troubleshooting.
Narrow down the problems by means of these investigations.
Clarify the reason for renewal
In a basic plan, it is important to clarify the benefits to owners, users and
managers.
1. Clarify the motives (problems, etc.) of owners, users or managers and propose
improvements, describing their effects.
2. Propose correct methods and measures to satisfy their needs.
3. Ask about the potential motives and needs of owners, users and managers and propose
solutions.
It is important to clarify the reason to identify the intended effects of
retrofitting.
Carry out detailed investigation to realize solutions.
Retrofit building is subject to various constraints and detailed on-site
investigation is required before formulating an implementation plan.
(1) Building constraints such as space available, type of structure, etc.
(2) Operational constraints of building users or managers.
(3) Consistency with existing facilities.
Plan installation so as not to interfere with the day-to-day operation of the
building.
A detailed installation plan is required before embarking on retrofitting a
building while it is in use.
(1) Consider the method of shifting to a new work system to minimize down time.
(2) Prepare "shift procedures" to ensure a successful shift from the old system to the new
system.
(3) Determine construction time periods taking care not to cause inconvenience to building
users.
(4) Make plans for material movement with consideration given to the use of the building.
Improve training for the new system.
The managing engineer must be able to adapt quickly to the new system.
Set up a training plan for the new building management system.
(1) Training before switch over to the new system.
(2) Follow-up training after switch over to the new system.
It is necessary to prepare the plan according to the new management
controls and implement the same.
Comparison and verification of cost effectiveness
A comparison of effects before and after retrofit is required.
(1) Set up in advance the method of effect measurement and comparison.
(2) Effects must be checked after retrofitting.
16
2 Fundamentals of Automatic Control

Retrofit examples of air handling unit control

The method of retrofit varies depending on the
current control method. These are cases of
replacing the existing control method with DDC.

•From pneumatic to DDC (Install an

electro-pneumatic converter and leave the air source
equipment in place)
Procedures
⋅ Replace the existing pneumatic controllers with DDC.
⋅ Replace sensors
⋅ Connect the existing pneumatic final control Measurement
elements to a DDC via an electro-pneumatic (to Central)

converter
Advantages
⋅ The benefits of pneumatic control can be retained.
⋅ Existing final control elements can be effectively
used.
⋅ The down time of air handling units due to
replacement can be reduced.

•From pneumatic to DDC (Eliminate all pneumatic

control devices)
Procedures
⋅ Replace existing pneumatic controllers with DDC.
⋅ Replace all sensors and final control elements.
Measurement
(to Central)
Advantages
⋅ Elimination of air source equipment saves space
⋅ Costs are higher than when using the
electro-pneumatic converter, since all devices are
replaced.

•From electric to DDC

Procedures Cooling/heating
⋅ Replace existing electric controllers with DDC. changeover

⋅ Replace all sensors and final control elements.

Measurement
Advantages (to Central)

⋅ Better fine control and energy-saving control can be

done as compared with electric control
⋅ Existing wiring (for sensors) can be used if it is in
satisfactory condition.

•From electronic to DDC

Procedures
⋅ Replace existing electronic controllers with DDC.
⋅ Existing sensors and final control elements can be
Measurement
used if they are still in good condition.
(to Central)
Advantages
⋅ Existing devices can be used effectively.
⋅ This approach features the lowest cost of the four
methods combined with the benefits of DDC.

Figure 11 Retrofit example of air handling unit control

17
 3 Automatic Control Devices 3. Automatic Control Devices

3.1 Electric Control Devices

The sensing element, controller and set point device
are built into a single unit. This method monitors
changes in temperature and humidity via bellows or
diaphragms as mechanical displacements and
directly controls final control elements such as
motorized valves, motorized dampers, humidifiers,
compressors, etc.
Electricity is used to transmit signals or as a source
of power for mechanical movements. Both room
mounted types and insertion types are used that are
installed in ducts or piping to detect temperature,
humidity, pressure, and other variables. The
structure is simple and easy to handle. Therefore,
the work is simple and can be carried out at
comparatively low cost. This method is used in
applications where a high degree of accuracy is not
required.
This circuit produces either a two-position action
(output signal: SPST or SPDT, etc.) or a
proportional action (output signal: 0 to 135 Ω
potentiometer). Integral (I) or differential (D) actions
are not supported.
A power supply of 100/200 V AC or 24 V AC is used.

Temperature controller Neostat

TY900

Motorized valve
Actuator MY5320
Three-way valve VY5303

Return air

Outdoor air Supply air

Air handling unit

Chilled/hot water

Figure 12 Sample instrumentation drawing for electric control

3.2 Electronic Control Devices

In electronic control devices, the sensing elements ∗High / low select : A device which selects the
and controllers are at a distance from each other. larger (or smaller) signal from
Controllers are usually placed in a control panel in two input signals and outputs.
mechanical room. Ratio bias : A device which issues
Since an electronic controller uses electronic circuits outputs, changing the start
(digital circuits), it accepts various measured values, and end points or rate of
such as temperature, humidity, pressure, flow rate, change of input signals.
CO2, density, etc. and provides highly accurate
control and indications and allows remote setting of
measured values. Since the outputs are
general-purpose signals, converters such as
high/low select* or ratio bias* or auxiliary devices
can be used and electronic control devices can
accommodate flexible instrumentation such as
selective controls or limited controls.

18
3. Automatic Control Devices

The principal actions of controllers and types of input and output signals are as follows:

Input signal types Actions Output signal types

Resistance Two-position Relay contact (SPDT)

Element temperature device
(Pt100) Time proportioning Open collector (voltage)
Position proportional contact + feedback
0 to 20mA DC
Current potentiometer
4 to 20mA DC
•P(Proportional) Current 4 to 20mA DC
0 to 10mV DC
•PI
- 10 -+ 10mV DC
•PID 0 to 10V DC
Voltage 0 to 100mV DC
1 to 5V DC Voltage 1 to 5V DC
0 to 5V DC 2 to 10V DC

Temperature sensors for air handling systems include room, duct, pipe and
ceiling mounted types. Temperature sensing elements take the form of
resistance temperature devices. Resistance temperature sensors are Pt100
made of platinum. Pt100 is specified by JIS and used in air handling controls
with constant temperature and constant humidity and chiller plant control
where a high degree of accuracy is required.

Humidity sensors are classified into room- and duct- mounted types. The
measurement values are either relative humidity, dew point temperature and
dry-bulb temperature. Sensing elements comprise the high polymer thin film
type, which is compact and ensures high stability and quick response. An
external power supply is required for high polymer thin film sensors. They have
electronic circuits inside the sensors and transmit voltage or current signals. Temperature characteristics
of platinum
Final control elements are damper motors, motorized valves, humidifiers, etc. resistance
It also uses inverter or thyristors with current input. temperature
Sensors

Room temperature sensor

Temperature indicating Neosensor
Return air controller TY7043
R36

Motor driver
RN796A

Motorized two-way valve

Actival
VY5117

Supply air
Outdoor air

Air handling unit

Chilled water Hot water
Figure 13 Sample instrumentation drawing of electronic control
19
 3. Automatic Control Devices

3.3 DDC (Direct Digital Control)

According to the definition of the Japan Electric
Measuring Instruments Manufacturers' Association,
DDC is defined as "Control in which the functions of
a controller are performed by means of a digital
device." However, in this document, DDC indicates
"a controller in which an automatic control system
and a remote station of central monitoring are
integrated, which applies digital processing using a
microprocessor." The features of DDC, its sample
configuration, and comparison with electronic
controller are shown below.
Features of DDC
{Digital setting, display and calculation eliminate
errors in transmission and calculation, allowing
highly accurate control and measurement.
{All input and output signals can be transmitted to
the central monitoring unit. More precise and
detailed management is possible.
{DDC allows distributed control and management
of each unit, not only for air handling units but also
for fan coil units (FCU),VAV(Variable air
volume)units and Chiller Plant equipment.
{Transmission functions are integrated. Only one
sensor is required to carry out control and
measurement.
{Common components and self-diagnosis
functions enable quick response when a problem
occurs.
{LCD display set point devices and wireless
sensors can be connected, for convenience and
better design.
{Programs can be easily added and or modified
onsite to cope with changes in room layouts, such
as movement of partitions.
{Control functions and remote station function for
central monitoring are included in the controller
saving space in panels.
{Easy upgrade and retrofitting since it utilizes the
same sensors and final control, other type, The
digital transmission of input and output signals of
sensors and final control elements is also
possible.

Exhaust air
Return air Central system

Damper Actuator Multipurpose Controller Infilex GC

MY6050 WY5111
QY9010 Room temperature/
humidity sensor
HTY7043

Damper Actuator
MY6050 Motorized Two-Way Valve
QY9010 VY5118

Motorized
two-way valve
Actival Steam
VY5117

Supply air
Outdoor air

Insertion temperature sensor

Damper Actuator TY7803
MY6050
Air handling unit
QY9010
Chilled/hot water

Figure 14 Sample instrumentation drawing of DDC

20
3. Automatic Control Devices

Central monitoring unit Building Management System

savic-net series

Temperature/humidity sensor

Temperature/humidity sensor

Filter differential pressure

Digital transmission line

CO2 density sensor

AHU supply air fan

AHU return air fan

⋅Call point
⋅ON/OFF, setting, status, alarm
⋅Real time/totalized data
Setting device for engineering ⋅Program data

To other DDC
controllers
(peer communication)

Input interface

Communication file
Data setting file

Control calculation unit

DDC controller
Output interface

User terminal
Fan coil unit
Damper

Humidifier

Damper

AHU return air fan

Inverter
Valve

AHU supply air fan

Figure 15 Example of distributed DDC controller configuration

21
 3. Automatic Control Devices

Electronic controller + RS (remote station)

Transmission line

Temperature measurement
Humidity measurement

Temperature setting
Humidity setting Automatic control panel

Temperature Humidity
Fan ON/OFF controller controller

Power panel

Central monitoring unit

Air handling unit

DDC

Temperature measurement
Humidity measurement
Temperature setting
Humidity setting
Transmission line
(Digital signal) Fan ON/OFF
Controller failure

Fan ON/OFF

Power panel

Central monitoring unit

Air handling unit

RS: Remote Station

DDC: Direct Digital Controller
T: Temperature sensor
H: Humidity sensor

Figure 16 Comparison of control methods

22
3. Automatic Control Devices

3.4 Intelligent Component

In addition to DDC control, Intelligent Component
Series are Intelligent Component Products are the
field devices which contains the information of
device and control conditions. The features of
Intelligent Component Series, its sample
configuration are as shown below.
Features of Intelligent Component Series
{This product transmits all input and output signals
to the central BMS through the dedicated
communication line called SA-net. More data
transfer than direct wiring is possible.
{From room temperature sensor to control valve,
major products required for AHU control are
available in its lineup.
{ACTIVAL PLUS is one of the lineup of Intelligent
Component Series. This is the motorized control
valve with flow rate measurement and control
function controls chilled and hot water flow rate by
detecting flow rate not by adjusting the valve
opening.
{ACTIVAL PLUS calculates flow rate by differential
pressure detected by built-in pressure sensor
times Cv calculated by the valve opening position
times the constant.
{Wall mounted LCD display is available to indicate
measured pressure, temperature, calculated flow
rate from ACTIVAL PLUS.

Exhaust air
Return air Central system

Damper Actuator
MY8040 Multipurpose Controller Infilex GC
WY5111
Room Temperature
Sensor
HTY7043
Motorized Motorized
2-way valve 2-way valve
Damper Actuator with flow rate Spring Return
MY8040 measurement Type
and control VY516X
FVY5160
Steam

Supply air
Outdoor air

Damper Actuator
MY8040 Duct Insertion
Air handling unit Temperature Sensor
Chilled/hot water TY7803C

Figure 17 Sample schematic drawing of Intelligent Component Series

23
 4 HVAC System generals
4.1 AHU Systems
Air handling is divided into three systems: outdoor Appropriate AHUs are adopted for each system.
air processing, room interiors, There are various ways of classifying the AHUs.
or room perimeters, depending on the load each air The following ways are amenable to automatic
handling unit is processing. control.

(1) Outdoor AHU

In this AHU, only outdoor air is drawn in and processed Exhaust air
without any return air from the system.
Total heat exchangers are added in some cases. This unit is
suitable with the combination of fan coil units, for individual Outdoor air
rooms of hotels or hospitals, and AHUs on each floor in office
buildings. In this type, controls are performed based on
supply air temperature and dew point temperature.
However, it is also possible to bypass all heat converters for
outdoor air cooling depending on the season.
(4) Packaged air conditioner
Supply air This is a room unit incorporating a compressor. There are
Outdoor air two types: a cooling compressor + electric heater type and
To indoor AHU
heat pump type. Also there are water source types and
multi-type units which need to be installed in multiple rooms.
(2) Constant air volume (CAV) AHU This method is mainly used for air handling of spaces with
This method processes room load (return air) and outdoor air load characteristics and operating times that differ from other
load (outdoor air), or room load only, and distributes constant spaces, from computer rooms to stores or small-sized office
air volume via ducts. A cooling/heating coil or combination of buildings. In packaged air conditioners, ON/OFF control to
a cooling coil and a heating coil are used. This method determine the number of operating units of compressors in
controls zones with fairly constant load characteristics and is response to room temperature, etc. are carried out.
used extensively, from large spaces such as theaters or
shopping centers, interiors of small to medium sized
buildings, to zoned air handling in large buildings and units
on each floor. The CAV AHU performs temperature and
Supply air
humidity control of rooms by controlling the amount of return
air supplied back to the room. It also performs room
temperature and CO2 density control by monitoring the
outdoor air load and controlling the intake of outdoor air.
Return air

Exhaust air

Outdoor air
Outdoor air

(5) Fan coil unit (FCU)

(3) Variable air volume (VAV) AHU
based on This method further divides zones with similar load
tendency, controls these zones using individual VAV units,
and reduces the total air volume of AHU using inverters, etc.
accordingly. Compared with CAV AHUs, VAV AHUs can
control the zones better with respect to the load on each
small zone and thus enable energy conservation. This
method is suited for medium-to large-sized office buildings
with wide air handling areas which place importance on
running costs. VAV AHUs control each VAV room
temperature and control supply air temperature and fan air
volume accordingly.
They also controls outdoor air and CO2 condensation in the
same way as for CAV AHUs.
A compact air conditioner which incorporates a fan, a coil,
and a filter, etc.
Generally, it does not take in outdoor air or perform
humidifying, but simply carries out air circulation. There are
floor standing, ceiling-mounted and cassette types.
This method is suited for individual rooms in hotels or
hospitals or perimeters in office buildings.
The FCU controls room or return air temperature by
controlling valves individually or in groups (for zones). They
can be used to optimize load sharing with air handling units
in interior or outdoor air processing air handling units as well
as to carry out energy-saving control.

25

4.2 Chiller Plant Systems
A variety of chiller plant equipment is available, with
different operating principles and structures,
including absorption chillers, heat pump chillers and
boilers. Auxiliary equipment includes chilled/hot
water pumps, cooling water pumps, and cooling
towers. Classifying chiller plant types are classified
as the closed piping method, open piping method,
DHC (District Heating and Cooling) receiving
method and individual chiller plant types of
packaged air conditioners.
(1) Closed type piping Single-pump system
This method supplies chilled/hot water to the whole building
by a combination of chiller plant equipment and chilled/hot
water (chilled water or hot water separately) pump. The
system is simple and the initial cost is low. It is mainly used
for small sized buildings.
The single-pump system controls the number of operating
chiller plant equipment according to flow rate and control
bypass valves to keep the differential pressure at load
constant. This system also controls peripherals including
cooling towers and heat exchangers.
Air handling unit
Chilled/Hot
Chiller
water pump
(2) Closed type piping Dual-pump system
This method is also called the duplex pump or secondary
pump system. The primary pump is controlled within the
head of the chiller plant system and the secondary pump
shares the load of the head equal to the resistance of the
load side. Although the initial cost and installation space is
higher than with the single-pump system, energy
conservation can be realized by using a separate secondary
pump for each chiller plant system and controlling the
number of operating units. This method is mainly used for
medium to large sized buildings.
The dual-pump system controls the number of operating
secondary pumps according to flow rate and control bypass
valves or inverters according to differential pressure in front
and behind the pumps.
Air handling unit
Secondary
pump
Chiller Primary pump
4. HVAC System generals
This document describes the closed method and the
open method. The closed method is further
classified as constant flow and variable flow method.
In constant flow method, chilled/hot water is
supplied to the whole building at a constant rate of
flow controlled by three-way valves on the load side
of the air handling units. In the variable flow method,
the chilled/hot water supply flow is varied under the
control of the two-way valves at the load side. This
section mainly describes the variable flow method,
which enables better energy conservation.
(3) Open piping Storage tank system
This system uses double-foundation slabs and tanks as
storage tanks, stores chilled/hot water from chiller plant
equipment (mainly the motorized type) in tanks and directly
supplies the water from the tanks to air handling units, etc. at
the load side. Using the off-peak system of utility companies,
this system stores heat efficiently by using cheaper off-peak
power and halting equipment operation during peak hours in
the daytime to reduce running costs and optimize power
demand. This can also be used as a backup system for heat
recovery or in the event of chiller plant equipment failure.
Although this system requires large capital investment for
installing water tanks, secondary pump to cope with higher
head, as well as anti-corrosion measures, This system saves
the running cost. Also it is cheaper, since lower capacity
chiller plant equipment can be used. This system is mainly
used for large-sized buildings and computer center.
The storage tank system controls chiller plant equipment inlet
three-way valves to store heat in storage tanks at a fixed
temperature, the number of operating secondary pumps,
bypass valves and pressure holding valves in the return pipe
at load side.
Air handling unit
Heat pump Primary pump
Secondary
pump
Water charging side Chilled water tank Water discharging side
(at lower temperature) (at higher temperature)
26
 5 Control Functions
5.1 HVAC Automatic Control Details
This section explains details of control items described in application examples of automatic control in Section
6.1.

(1) Room (supply air and return air) temperature control

〈1〉 Chilled water valve and hot water valve control

•Detects room temperature using temperature
Valve opening

(Single coil heating) (Single coil cooling)

sensor and provides proportional control of
chilled water valves and hot water valves. In
Hot water valve Chilled water valve
electronic DDC methods, integral action is also
possible.
•In the single coil (dual-pipe) method, the action
each valve is within the dotted line of the
diagram on the left.
•The set point position in the double-coil
(four-pipe) method is as shown in the left
diagram. In DDC method, main set point,
cooling and heating set points can be
Room temperature determined as required.
Heating set point Temperature main set point Cooling set point
(double coils)

〈2〉 Chilled water valve and hot water valve + outdoor cooling control
•Detects room temperature by using temperature
sensor and provides proportional control of
chilled water valves, hot water valves, outdoor
air/return air/exhaust air damper (outdoor air
cooling). In electronic and DDC methods,
Valve opening

integral action is also possible.

(Single coil heating) (Single coil cooling)
•Using natural energy, provides outdoor air
cooling control when intake of outdoor air is
Hot water valve Outdoor air damper Chilled water valve effective.
•When there is a total heat exchanger, the
system changes to a bypass duct or operates
the rotor intermittently during outdoor cooling.
When the outdoor air satisfies the following
conditions, intake of outdoor air is effective.
Minimum opening
i. Outdoor air < room temperature
temperature (temperature based
comparison)
Room
temperature II. Outdoor air enthalpy < room enthalpy
(energy-based comparison)
Heating set point Outdoor air cooling set point Cooling set point
III. Outdoor air > outdoor air temperature low
temperature limit set point (measures
against humidification load)
Temperature main setting (double coil)
IV. Outdoor air dew < outdoor air dew point
point temperature temperature high limit set
point (measures against
dehumidification load)
•Provide a minimum opening for outdoor air
intake to ensure correct design amount of
outdoor air or CO2 density.

27
 5 Control Functions

Expression of outdoor air intake condition

on a psychrometric chart
The conditions of I to IV in 〈2〉 of the previous page
are expressed on a psychrometric chart as shown

Absolute humidity
on the right. Room
environment

Outdoor air intake

effective area

Dry bulb temperature

〈3〉 Temperature control of heat pump package

•Performs ON/OFF control of compressors
Heating Cooling
according to room temperature.
Compressor
Compressor
Status

Temperature

Heating set point Heating/cooling changeover is Cooling set point

done manually.

(2) Room (return air) humidity control

〈1〉 Humidifier control
•Provides ON/OFF control of humidifier according
to room humidity.
•Mainly used for vaporizing humidifying, water
humidification, ultrasonic humidification and pan
humidification.
Status

Humidity

Humidifying set point

〈2〉 Control of humidifying valve and chilled water valve

•Provides PI control to humidifying and chilled
water valves according to room (return air)
humidity to provide humidifying and
dehumidifying reheat control.
•For electric control or humidifying only system,
Humidifying valve
Chilled water valve the valve action is within the dotted line
•For dehumidification, when humidity increases,
Valve opening

the chilled water valve opens. As a result, the

Humidifying set point
Humidity set point
heating coil (hot water coil) reheats to
compensate for the decrease in room (supply air,
return air) temperature.
Humidity
•Proportional control of humidification achieved by
Dehumidifying set point
applying steam humidification or steam
generator
•In steam humidification applications, the supply
air dew point temperature can be used as the
control.

28
5 Control Functions
(3) Supply air temperature cascade control
Changes supply air temperature set point to
control supply air temperature based on the
control output of room temperature and room
temperature set point. Due to this, the impact of
process lag and disturbances can be reduced.
(4) Supply air temperature limit control
This function controls supply air temperature
within high and low limits. This prevents
overheating during heating, temperature
stratification and condensation at outlet during
cooling.
(5) Supply air temperature set point optimization
control
In a variable air volume air handling unit,
calculates optimum supply air temperature set
point based on air volume of VAV and room
temperature to prevent insufficient ventilation
and heat output.
(6) Supply air volume control by VAV air volume
Adds up air volume of all VAVs and CAVs to
output the speed of rotation in line with the fan
speed characteristics of the AHU. Controls the
fan speed in stages based on VAV opening. Sets
minimum fan speed to ensure minimum outdoor
air volume for ventilation.
(7) Warming up control
During warming up of air handling unit
(pre-cooling/preheating), the following controls
are achieved. The time between the start of AHU
till start of occupancy is called as warming up
period.
The length of the warming up period is
determined by calculation in the central
monitoring unit or delay timer.
[1] Outdoor air intake disabled
(outdoor air/exhaust air/outdoor air
bypass/exhaust air bypass damper: fully
closed, return air damper: fully open)
To reduce outdoor air load, the outdoor air intake is
disabled. This reduces warming up time and
reduces power consumption by the fans. However,
when outdoor air cooling is effective, outdoor air
intake is performed.
[2] A humidification disabled
During warming up, there is a change in
temperature, room relative humidity tends to be
unstable, and the control does not stabilize. In
order to prevent condensation in the supply air
duct, humidification is disabled by interlock
(Humidifier OFF or humidifying valve fully closed).
29
[3] Total heat exchanger off
Turn off total heat exchanger because outdoor air
is not taken in.
(8) Interlock control while AHU fan is off
[1] Disable humidification
[2] Chilled/hot water valve fully closed
[3] Outdoor air/exhaust air/outdoor air
bypass/exhaust air bypass damper fully closed
[4] Return air damper fully open
[5] Total heat exchanger off
[6] VAV fully open
(9) Communication with central monitoring
system
In case of DDC system, input and output signals
and calculation values can be transmitted to the
controller as required, except the following
typical items.
[1] ON/OFF of fan, status failure monitoring
[2] Filter differential pressure alarm monitoring
[3] Room (return air, supply air) temperature and
humidity measurement
[4] Room temperature and humidity setting
[5] Warming up command
[6] Monitoring of DDC controller failure
(10)Control of chiller plant system
This controls the number of operating pumps or
chiller plant equipment for generating and
supplying the heat required by the load AHU.
[1] Number of operating pumps control
In response to changes in load, it controls the
differential pressure between headers in the single
pump system, and controls the number of
operating secondary pumps and bypass valves
according to the flow rate in the double-pump
system. Uses PID control of bypass two-way
valves to maintain output pressure to load
constant.
[2] Number of operating chiller/hot water
generators control
In dual pump system, it controls number of
operating chilled/hot water generators depending
on the load by measuring return header
temperature. This improves response to the
change in required flow rate of secondary side (air
handling units), supply water temperature to the
secondary side, return temperature and flow rate.
 5 Control Functions

5.2 Energy Saving Applications

according to the predefined level. When power is
(1) Power/lighting management, control function
restored, the control carries out operation and
For effective and safe usage of power, it control so that each piece of equipment returns to
measures power, current, power factor to normal taking account of the passage of time.
monitor, control and report power reception
status, relay status, occurrence of ground [4] Lighting schedule control
Reduces lighting intensity to half or turns off
fault/leakage of electricity and operating status of
lighting near windows or during lunchtime.
generators.
[1] Power demand control (2) Comfortable environment control,
Predicts power consumption and controls energy-saving control
operation of facility equipment so that the power In addition to local automatic control, carries out
contract with the utility company does not exceed. central control using a schedule related to the
Since priority can be set to control targets such as
entire building and data such as season, outdoor
air handling units, exhaust air fans or chillers to be
air temperature and humidity. Realizes
stopped in peak periods, it is possible to control
contract power without having a significant impact compatibility with energy conservation and
on the environment. comfort by eliminating waste (coordination
control), total optimization of rooms, distribution,
chiller plant systems (conjunction control) and
Predicted power
optimum operation based on load prediction
Target power (prediction control).
Shedding
level [1] Tenant calendar control / time schedule control
Power consumption
Sets calendar (specification of holidays) for
building management system to perform
changeover of scheduled patterns including air
Current
handling operation and scheduled operation of
power or lighting.

[2] Power factor control [2] Optimum start and stop control
This control eliminates the reactive power So that the room temperature becomes the set
generated by the reduction elements of power point at the start time of the occupation of the office,
factor, such as motors for air handling, by adding calculates the warming up time and activates air
and shedding the power factor compensator. This handling units automatically. When it stops, this
enables to accept power factor adjustment control turns off air handling units at the optimum
discount of utility company as well as to eliminate time within the range where the stop of the air
loss of power energy. The rotational or sequential handling units does not have an impact on the
addition/shedding method can be selected office environment. The chiller plant equipment
according to the combination of power factor can be started automatically a certain time before
compensators with equal/different capacitance. the air handling unit with the earliest start time is
activated.

Power factor compensator

Reactive power shedding level (TX) Temperature
If power factor leads up to
Control effective here, compensators are shed.
setting
low limit
Start/stop target
Target temperature
Active power value
Room occupied
Room
Power factor compensator
add level (CX)
temperature
Target power factor low limit (PFL)
(If power factor delays up to here,
compensators are added.)
Operation of
air handling unit
Shedding area No shedding or addition is
carried out
Optimum start Optimum stop
Calculate so that the power factor is within a certain range based on the set point
by adding and shedding power factor compensators. Room occupation start Room occupation end

[3] Power failure/power restoration control,

generator load distribution control
In case of power failure, generators are activated
to operate emergency equipment. If generator
capacity remains, ordinary equipment is added

30
5 Control Functions

•Existing room temperature control

[3] Zero energy band control Even if the room temperature is within the comfort zone,
Allows latitude in setting temperature and humidity perceived temperature in the perimeters varies depending on
the weather or outdoor air temperature, and may deviate from
within the range of comfortable environment and the comfort zone.
individually sets target values of cooling, heating
and dehumidification. This type of control prevents
waste of energy due to overcooling, overheating
and mixing loss of cooling and heating, as well as Perceived
temperatures
the hunting effect in which the chilled water valve Radiant temperature
on window
and hot water valve repeat opening and closing
Comfort
alternatively to maintain a comfortable zone
environment without consuming extra energy. for
setting the target value refer to the thermal Room temperature setting
environmental index such as PMV.

•Explanation •Perimeter control according to radiant

•Zero energy band and action of chilled temperature
water/hot water/humidifying valve Detects radiant temperature instantly and carries out
compensation. Therefore, the perceived temperature is held
constant.
coil valve
Cooling

Dehumidification

Perceived
temperatures
Radiant temperature
on window
set point

Zero energy Comfort

band of zone
humidity
Humidity

Room temperature setting

Humidifying set point
Humidifying valve

[5] PMV management program

Zero energy
band of temperature
Heating coil valve Temperature
Heating set point Cooling set point
[4] Radiant temperature control
This control measures radiant temperature in a
space such as the perimeters of buildings where
the thermal sense (perceived temperature) of
human beings cannot be only detected by room
temperature sensors only since the change in
solar gain is large. This control changes the room
temperature set point based on the radiant
Prevents overcooling and overheating by using an
index (the PMV index) which objectively describes
human thermal perception (Cold to comfortable to
Cooling coil valve Hot) for management and setting of room
temperature and humidity and carries out optimum
room temperature setting. This allows compatibility
between a comfortable room environment and
energy conservation. Select one of the comfort
sensor, radiant temperature sensor, room
temperature sensor depending on how the building
or room is used.
PMV value
Environmental element
Hot
Room temperature
Warm
Radiant temperature
PMV calculation

temperature. The radiant temperature sensor is Slightly warm

Air flow
used for measurement. The sensor is installed on Humidity Comfortable
the ceiling and measures radiant heat from walls or
windows without contact with walls or windows. Slightly cool
Responding to the changes in the environment Human elements
Cool
caused by solar radiation or changes in the Activity level
weather, it maintains a comfortable environment in Clothing level Cold
the perimeter zones.

31
 5 Control Functions

set point during air handling low load (with low

[6] Variable water volume supply pressure setting
control (VWV control)
While terminal pressure or output pressure is held
constant in the existing variable water flow control,
this control reduces power for pumps responding
to the air handling load by reducing the pressure
demand for cooling or heating) and decreasing the
speed of rotation of pumps by inverter control.
Compared with the constant terminal pressure
control, annual energy conservation of about 30 %
can be achieved realized.

Pressure KPa Pressure KPa

Close valve Valve nearly
fully open
Inverter

Inverter

Flow rate L / min Flow rate L / min

Existing constant supply water

VWV control
pressure control

[7] Air handing load prediction control [9] Duty cycle control
Based on the actual air handling load up to the Saves power consumption of air handling facilities
previous day, predicts consumption load for the by operating air handling units intermittently while
next day to carry out optimum start and stop of maintaining comfort. It is also possible to change
chiller plant equipment in advance. ARIMA the stop interval.
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average)
models are used as the process for predicting the
load. By carrying out optimum operation control, it Temperature compensation
control Duty cycle
is possible to minimize operating costs. The Average load operating
predicted air handling load can be used for heat mode
storage target of heat storage tanks and the (When temperature is within target
values)
predicted power load can be used for power
demand control.

[8] CO2 outdoor intake control

Based on the detected value of the CO2 gas
sensor, controls the outdoor air damper to change
the intake of outdoor air according to the number of
occupants. It is recommended to use VAV units for
outdoor air dampers or to carry out outdoor air
volume control using air velocity sensors to ensure
sufficient outdoor air.
[10]Enthalpy control
Takes in outdoor air by opening dampers and uses
natural energy effectively when the outdoor air
enthalpy/temperature is lower than the room
enthalpy/temperature; outdoor air can be used for
cooling. If a DDC is used, the DDC carries out the
calculation.

Outdoor air intake by enthalpy decision (Outdoor air cooling decision)

Enthalpy Outdoor air

Outdoor air intake

effective area Room conditions
25°C 60%RH)

Room temperature Dry bulb temperature

32
5 Control Functions

- Duct insertion humidity transmitter

(3) Building Energy Management System
The building energy management system
composed of the following items; Energy Data
Server, Energy Saving Applications, and
Intelligent series control products. Those works
together to realize the evaluation cycle of energy
consumption.
[1] Energy Data Server
Energy Data Server (EDS) collects and stores
measured data such as temperature, humidity,
power consumption, energy, flow rate, and device
status through savic-net FX building management
(4) Security System
system.
Displays the measured data as the individual or
the combination of graphs such as bar, line,
laminated, spread, status, and circle to visualize
the energy consumption pattern for easy building
performance evaluation.
[1] Secure status monitoring
- Duct insertion dew point temperature sensor
- Damper actuator
- Motorized control valve (for water)
- Motorized control valve (for steam; spring return)
- Motorized control valve with flow measurement
and control function (for water)
Intelligent Component Series uses SA-net
communication line to send and receive signal and
data. The major benefit is the reduction of wiring
and installation costs.
Refer to page XX for more details.
The security system comprises an access
control system to automate passkeys, an
intrusion monitoring system to detect and report
intruders, an image monitoring system to monitor
intruders and important facilities and an
inter-phone system as an auxiliary system for
access control. The BMS manages the
information generated by these systems as a
single unit and interlocks with other facilities.
Signal exchange.
Monitors the access/secure status of each room
and zone as well as the storage status of keys.

[2] Intrusion monitoring

Detects intruders via security sensors and detects
and monitors broken glasses and system
tampering, etc.

[3] Card information management

Manages a variety of information on cards used for
access control.

[4] Access/intrusion history information

management
Stores information related to access control and
intrusion monitoring to carry out history
management.
[2] Energy Saving Applications
[5] Air handling and lighting interlock control
Various types of Energy Saving Applications are
According to information of access control, turns
used to improve energy consumption based on the
on and off the air handling facilities or lighting
result of building performance evaluation through
fixtures as per occupancy status to save energy
Energy Data Server. Refer to “5.2 Energy Saving
and improve convenience. The intruder alarm
Applications” (pages from 28 to 30) for more
turns on lighting automatically to warn intruders
details.
that they have been detected.
[3] Intelligent Component Series Products
[6] Elevator non-stop control
The intelligent component series products is a
Enhances safety by controlling elevators so that
sensing and control device designed especially for
they do not stop on unoccupied floors, using the
Energy management. The product lineup are
information of access control
- Room temperature sensor,
- Room humidity transmitter,
- Duct insertion temperature sensor,

33
5 Control Functions

34
 6 Typical Instrumentation Examples
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

6.1 Examples of Automatic Control Systems Instrumentation

(1) Air Handling Unit Control(VAV)
sets

MDF,QP CO2 THED VAV

Ex.A R.A
FAN

2 2 DDCV
Communication among DDC controllers VSD

COM DDC
I/F
DO DI AO AI

MDF,QP

TE UT

dPS MV BV
VSD

HC DDCV
S.A
O.A FAN
TED VAV
MDF,QP C

TR
2

AT

<Air handling unit> Abbreviation Description Product No.

1. Supply air temperature control
AT Transformer ATY72Z
Chilled/hot water valve and outdoor damper shall be controlled to keep
supply air temperature set point. BV Motorized ball valve VY6300
Heating Cooling Insertion CO2 concentration
CO2 CY8100C
transmitter
Chilled/hot Outdoor Chilled/hot
(%) ( )
100 water valve air damper 100 Outdoor water valve DDC Digital controller for OHU WY5111
Valve opening
Valve opening

Outdoor air cooling

air cooling DDCV Digital controller for VAV WY5206
Min. opening Min. opening dPS Differential pressure switch PYY-604
0 0
Set point Temperature Set point Temperature
MDF Damper actuator MY6050
MV Motorized 2-way valve VY5117
2. Return air humidity control
Humidification (winter) : ON/OFF humidifier shall be controlled to keep TE Room temperature sensor TY7043
return air humidity set point. TED Insertion temperature sensor HY7803
ON
THED Insertion temperature sensor HTY7803
Status

OFF QP Auxiliary potentiometer QY9010

Set point Humidity R Relay ⎯
3. Start-up control
Outdoor air damper and exhaust air damper are fully closed and return air TR Transformer AT72-J1
damper is fully opened, humidifier is off during pre-cooling or preheating. UT Digital user terminal QY7205
4. Interlock control
Devices are interlocked with AHU status and season's information.
Output

Devices : dampers, 2-way valve, humidifier. Min, rotation frequency

5. Outdoor air cooling control
Necessary air volume
Outdoor air damper shall be controlled to keep supply air temperature set
8. Load reset control of supply air temperature
point when outdoor air intake is available.
Supply air set point is adjusted automatically according to control status
6. CO2 control
of each VAV and AHU.
Outdoor air damper shall be controlled to keep CO2 concentration set
9. Communication with BMS
point.
Outdoor
<VAV>
Damper opening

air damper 1. Room temperature control

VAV shall be controlled to keep room temperature set point.
Heating Cooling
0
(%) ( )
Set point CO2 100 100
7. Supply air volume control
Air volume
Air volume

Necessary air volume is calculated by summing up the set point of each

VAV through DDCV communication. Min. air volume Min. air volume
0 0
Supply air fan VSD shall be controlled to supply necessary air volume as Set point Temperature Set point Temperature
shown below.

35
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(2) Outdoor Air Handling Unit Control

Communication with BMS

COM DDC
I/F
DO DI AO AI

Starts chilled water pump forcibly 1

(individual wiring)

dPS MV1 MV1 MV2 BAV

1

2
C H
O.A S.A
FAN
MDF TED TDED
C C

TD

TR
2

AT

1. Supply air temperature control Abbreviation Description Product No.

Chilled water valve and hot water valve shall be controlled to keep supply
AT Transformer ATY72Z
air temperature set point.
BAV Motorized bore valve VY6091
( ) Hot water valve Chilled water valve
100 DDC Digital controller for OHU WY5111
Valve opening

dPS Differential pressure switch PYY-604

0 MDF Damper actuator MY6050

Set point Temperature(°C)
MV1 Motorized 2-way valve VY5117
2. Supply air dew point temperature control MV2 Motorized 2-way valve VY5118
Humidification (winter) : Humidification valve shall be controlled to keep
TD Insertion thermostat controller TY6800
supply air dew point temperature set point.
Insertion dew point temperature
Dehumidification (summer) : Chilled water valve shall be controlled as TDED HTY7903T
sensor
dehumidification to keep supply air dew point temperature set point.
TED Insertion temperature sensor HY7803
Under dehumidification process, reheat control shall be activated to keep
supply air temperature set point. R Relay ⎯
( ) Humidification valve Chilled water valve
100 TR Transformer AT72-J1
Valve opening

0
Set point Dew point temperature(°CDP)

( ) Hot water valve Chilled water valve

100
(reheat)
Valve opening

Set point Temperature(°C)

3. Interlock control
Devices are interlocked with OHU status and season's information.
Devices : O.A damper, 2-way valves, humidification valve.
4. Defect alarm of humidification valve
Humidification valve defect is detected by the temperature inside OHU
when OHU is off.
5. Antifreezing control
Chilled water valve is fully opened when the temperature inside outdoor
air duct is lower than the preset temperature.
(Starts chilled water pump forcibly if it is OFF)
6. Communication with BMS

36
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(3) Air Handling Unit Control (CAV)

Communication with BMS

COM DDC
I/F
DO DI AO AI

R R R

dPS MV MV BV
MDF,QP

C H
O.A S.A
1 FAN
TED
MDF C C
2
MDF,QP
Ex.A R.A
MDF FAN
1
THED

MDF,QP

TR
2

AT

1. Supply air temperature control Abbreviation Description Product No.

Chilled water valve, hot water valve and outdoor air damper shall be
AT Transformer ATY72Z
controlled to keep supply air temperature set point.
BV Motorized ball valve VY6300
Hot water Outdoor Chiller water
(%)
100 valve air damper valve DDC Digital controller for OHU WY5111
Valve opening

Outdoor
air cooling dPS Differential pressure switch PYY-604
Min. opening
0 MDF Damper actuator MY6050
Set point Temperature MV Motorized 2-way valve VY5117
2. Return air humidity control QP Auxiliary potentiometer QY9010
Humidification (winter) : ON/OFF humidifier shall be controlled to keep
R Relay ⎯
return air humidity set point.
Dehumidification (summer) : Chilled water valve shall be controlled as TED Insertion temperature sensor HY7803
dehumidification to keep return air humidity set point. THED Insertion temperature sensor HTY7803
Under dehumidification process, reheat control shall be activated to keep
TR Transformer AT72-J1
supply air temperature set point.
4. Interlock control
(%) Devices are interlocked with AHU status and season's information.
100
Humidifier Chilled water Devices : dampers, 2-way valves, humidifier.
Valve opening

ON
valve
Status

5. Outdoor air cooling control

OFF
0 Outdoor air damper shall be controlled to keep supply air temperature
Set point Humidity set point when outdoor air intake is available.
Hot water valve
(%) (reheat)
Outdoor Chiller water 6. Heat exchanger control
100 air damper valve
Intermittent timer control shall be activated when outdoor air intake is
Valve opening

Outdoor
air cooling available.
Min. opening 7. Communication with BMS
0
Set point Temperature

3. Start-up control
Outdoor air damper and exhaust air damper are fully closed and return air
damper is fully opened, humidifier is off during pre-cooling or preheating.

37
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(4) Fan Coil Unit Control (zone control)

Abbreviation Description Product No.

DDCF Temperature controller WY5205

MV Motorized 2-way valve VY5120

R Relay ⎯
CHS TE Room temperature sensor TY7043
CHR
MV TR Transformer AT72-J1

HC HC HC
UT Digital user terminal QY7205
Communication with BMS FAN FAN FAN 1. Room temperature control
C C C
2-way valve shall be controlled to keep room
DDCF temperature set point.
2. Fan ON/OFF operation
LAN cable
R (x3) ON/OFF operation of fan coil unit is done by user
terminal (UT).
・Display 3. Interlock control
・Setting
UT
・ON/OFF TE
Devices are interlocked with FCU status.
・Air volume TR
changeover Devices : 2-way valve.
4. Heating/cooling changeover
Heating/cooling changeover command comes from
BMS.
5. Communication with BMS

(5) Fan Coil Unit Control (DDC)

Abbreviation Description Product No.

DDCF Temperature controller WY5205

VY5502
MVV Motorized 2-way valve
+MY5560C
HR
TE Room temperature sensor TY7043
HS

CR UT Digital user terminal QY7205

Communication with BMS
CS 1. Room temperature control
2-way valve shall be controlled to keep room
DDCF temperature set point.
DDCF

MVV MVV
2. Fan ON/OFF operation
ON/OFF operation of fan coil unit is done by user
C H MVV C H MVV
terminal (UT).
FAN FAN
3. Interlock control
C C C C
LAN cable
Devices are interlocked with FCU status.
Devices : 2-way valves.
・Display 4. Fan coil unit interlock by network communication
・Setting
TE UT
・ON/OFF Group operations of fan ON/OFF, valve control and air
・Air volume volume changeover are done by network
changeover
communication.
5. Communication with BMS

38
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(6) Heat Pump Package Control (water humidification)

Abbreviation Description Product No.

AT Transformer ATY72Z

BV Motorized ball valve VY6300

S.A
Communication with BMS DDC Digital controller for package WY5111

MDF Damper actuator MY6050

COM DDC
I/F Room temperature and
THE HTY7043
DO DI AO AI humidity sensor
TR Transformer AT72-J1
FAN
2 R Relay ⎯
1. Room temperature control
THE
ON/OFF compressor shall be controlled to keep room
temperature set point.
BV 2. Room humidity control
R.A
ON/OFF humidifier shall be controlled to keep room
R
humidity set point.
1
3. Start-up control
O.A Outdoor air damper is fully closed and humidifier is off
H.P during pre-cooling or preheating.
1
MDF
TR 4. Interlock control
2 Devices are interlocked with PAC status and season's
AT
information.
Devices : O.A damper, humidifier.
5. Communication with BMS

(7) Package Control (steam humidification)

Communication with BMS Abbreviation Description Product No.

AT Transformer ATY72Z
COM DDC
S.A
I/F DDC Digital controller for package WY5111
DO DI AO AI
LT Limit controller L4029E

2
MDF Damper actuator MY6050
FAN Room temperature and
THE HTY7043
THE humidity sensor
LT TR Transformer AT72-J1

R Relay ⎯
Humidifier
1. Room temperature control
R.A E H ON/OFF compressor and proportional SCR shall be
R SCR controlled to keep room temperature set point.
1
C 2. Room humidity control
DX
Steam humidifier shall be controlled to keep room
O.A
humidity set point.
COMP
MDF 3. Interlock control
Devices are interlocked with PAC status and season's
information.
Devices : O.A damper, SCR, steam humidifier.
4. Overheat protection of heater
1 Electric heater is forced off if the temperature in PAC
TR casing increases abnormally.
2
5. Communication with BMS
AT

39
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(8) Chiller Plant System Control (1-pump system)

Communication with BMS

HC C COM PMX
I/F
DO DI AO AI

TEW

FM
dPEW

TEW TEW

MV

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

TR

:Monitored by BMS

1. Sequence control of chiller Abbreviation Description Product No.

(1)Chiller number control
DC DC 24V power supply RYY792D
Number of chiller is calculated according to load flow rate and sequence
control is done followed with setting table as shown below diagram. dPEW Differential pressure transmitter JTD
MGG10C/
FM Electromagnetic flow meter
MGG11
NO.1,2,3,4 MV Motorized 2-way valve VY5113J
No. of chiller operated

Digital controller for chiller plant

NO.1,2,3 PMX WY2001Q
system
NO.1,2
TEW Pipe insertion temperature sensor TY7830B
NO.1 TR Transformer AT72-J1
NO.1 rated capacity NO.1,2,3 rated capacity Flow rate 2. Header bypass valve control
NO.1,2 rated capacity
Proportional header bypass valve shall be controlled as shown below,
(2)Rotation control to keep constant the differential pressure between headers.
Rotation function shall be incorporated in this sequence control to (However, bypass valve is fully opened when the pumps are all off.)
equalize running time of chiller. To avoid sudden increase in pressure, bypass valve is forced open
(3)Skip control before the batch ON command or the increase in number of operating
Defected chiller shall be excluded from sequence control by equipment.
automatically.
(4)Number calculation compensation
Valve opening

Running number of chillers shall be adjusted by supply temperature

Bypass valve opening
(above set point) and return header temperature (below set point).
0
SP Differential pressure

3. Communication with BMS

40
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(9) Chiller Plant System Control (2-pump system)

HC C

Communication with BMS Communication with BMS

COM COM PMX

TEW PMX
I/F I/F
PEW DO DI AO AI DO DI AO AI

VSD FM
(x4)
MV
TEW

TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW

Temperature

Chiller
TEW TEW
TR

:Monitored by BMS
VSD :Communication with BMS

1. Sequence control of chiller Abbreviation Description Product No.

(1)Chiller number control
DC DC 24V power supply RYY792D
Number of chiller is calculated according to load energy and sequence
control is done followed with setting table as shown below diagram. MGG10C/
FM Electromagnetic flow meter
MGG11
MV Motorized 2-way valve VY5113J
No. of chiller operated

NO.1,2,3,4

PEW Pressure transmitter JTG

NO.1,2,3
Digital controller for chiller plant
PMX WY2001Q
NO.1,2 system
Digital controller for dual-pump
NO.1 PMX WY2001P
system
NO.1 rated capacity NO.1,2,3 rated capacity Load energy TEW Pipe insertion temperature sensor TY7830B
NO.1,2 rated capacity
TR Transformer AT72-J1
(2)Rotation control
Rotation function shall be incorporated in this sequence control to (2)Rotation control
equalize running time of chiller. Rotation function shall be incorporated in this sequence control to
(3)Skip control equalize running time of pump.
Defected chiller shall be excluded from sequence control by (3)Skip control
automatically. Defected pump shall be excluded from sequence control by
(4)Number calculation compensation automatically.
Running number of chillers shall be adjusted by supply temperature 3. Pressure control of supply water
(above set point) and return header temperature (below set point). VSD and bypass valve shall be controlled by supply water pressure as
2. Sequence control of secondary pump shown below.
VSD output(%)
(1)Secondary pump number control 100 Bypass valve 100

Number of secondary pump is calculated according to load flow rate and

sequence control is done followed with setting table as shown below
0
0
diagram. SP Pressure

4. Estimated end pressure control during low load operation

No. of chiller operated

NO.1,2,3,4 Set point of supply water pressure is adjusted automatically by load flow
NO.1,2,3
rate, in order to reduce conveyance power during low load operation.
SP of pressure

NO.1,2

NO.1
0
NO.1 rated capacity NO.1,2,3 rated capacity Load flow rate
Rated water volume Flow rate
NO.1,2 rated capacity
of 1 pump
Rated water volume
5. Communication with BMS of 2 pumps

41
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

(10) System Configuration Diagram

Building Management System

<Client PC>
MS
LCD

KB User PC

PC CLP

P
DSS SMS

IPv4/v6 Network
(BACnet)

Converter Other
SCS SCS (Ethernet/RS-485 conversion) Manufacturer's
RS-485 BACnet Devices
NC-bus/LC-bus NC-bus/LC-bus

Individual Wiring
Sensor Controller, Power Meter
RS Substation PMX Flow meter
Valve
Chiller Plant Control
Individual Wiring
Power Sensor・Setter
RS DDC
Panel Valve
AHU Control
Individual Wiring

RS
Distribution ZM DDCF Sensor・Setter
Panel
Valve
UT
FCU Control
SC-bus
Individual Wiring
Auxiliary DDCV Sensor・Setter
RS
Panel VAV
UT
VAV Control

Lighting System Building Multi System

BMIF
Interface Interface

RS-232C RS-232C

HVAC・Plumbing・Electricity

AC/GC V A Power supply to ※ P mark

Individual grounding
(class D)

UPS Distribution Power supply to ※ mark

Primary power failure alarm kVA Circuit
Battery low alarm To SCS
Failure Relay Circuit
RS
Fire Alarm Panel Fire Signal
Substation, Power supply status Relay timer circuit To SCS(Power supply status
for power failure/
generator Switching breaker of generator-commercial power restoration judgment of AC/GC and generator)
Electric work
System Control Panel

Referential Outlook and Dimension

<Building Management System> <System Control Panel> <UPS>
3kVA
Backup 10 minutes
700 400

SP SP
800

220 530

KB MS
500

1400
1950

CLP

LCD
50

PC
700

42
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Building Management System Hardware Specifications (1/2)

Symbol Name Description Specifications
PC Client PC Display and operation of system management CPU : Pentium4 3.0GHz and above
information, setting and changing of various Main storage capacity : 512MB and above
programs are done through Web browser. HDD : 40GB and above
A mouse is used for screen selection and operation. CD-ROM drive : 24-speed and above
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz
OS : WindowsXP
Web browser : IE6.0
JAVAvm1.4 embedded
SVG Viewer3.0 and above
embedded・XGA support
Adobe Reader 6.0 and
above embedded
Mouse(MS) : optical

LCD Color Graphic As the main display unit, LCD displays various lists Size : 17 / 19 inch type
(PC) Display and graphics. Display colors : 16190000 colors and above
It can display graphics, data simultaneously with Display characters : Alphanumeric, Kana,
multi windows. Hiragana, Kanji (JIS level 1st&
2nd), symbols and drawings
Resolution : 1024x768 / 1280x1024 pixels

DSS Data Storage Performs the overall system management, periodical CPU : 32-bit
Server data collection, data storage, data processing, etc. Main storage capacity : SDRAM 256MB
It also controls input/output of peripheral devices. OS : Linux
HDD : 40GB (24-hour run)
Max. data points : 2000/5000/10000/20000/
30000 objects
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz,
50VA

SMS System Performs display, setting and operation of the overall CPU : 32-bit
Management system management information (graphics, points, Main storage capacity : SDRAM 256MB
Server programs, etc.) through web browser software of the OS : Linux
client PC. HDD : 40GB(24-hour run)
Max. data points : 2000/5000/10000/20000/
30000 objects
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz,
50VA
Number of graphics : graphics

SCS System Core Performs data transmission with RS and DDC, CPU : 32-bit
Server manages point data and schedule control. Main storage capacity : SDRAM 128MB
It also stores trend data. OS : Linux
Max. data points : Max. 1000 objects/unit
Communication line : 4 lines/unit
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz,
70VA

CLP Color Printer Prints various data as follows. Printing method : Semiconductor laser
1. daily, monthly and yearly reports Printing color : Full color
2. trend data Paper size : A4
3. various lists (alarm dashboard) Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz
4. maintenance messages Temperature condition : 10-35℃
5. screen Connection : IPv4/v6 network

IPv4/v6 Backbone network of BMS for data transmission. Communication method : Ethernet, TCP/IP protocols,
Network It has transmission protocols such as IEIEj/p IPv4 or IPv6
BACnet, HTTP, etc. Communication speed : 10Mbps, 100Mbps
Wiring : 100BASE-TX, 100BASE-FX

UPS Uninterruptible Provides uninterruptible power to client PC, servers Input : AC/GC V A
Power System and other necessary terminal transmitters. Output : AC V A
Time backup : minutes
Battery type : Compact size sealed lead-acid
Backup method : Online power system

NC-bus New Controller Transmits data between BMS and terminal Communication method : Private communication
Bus transmitters. Communication speed : 4800bps
Wiring : IPEV-S 0.9-1P (twisted pair
cable)

43
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Building Management System Hardware Specifications (2/2)

Symbol Name Description Specifications
LC-bus LonTalk Protocol Transmits data between BMS and terminal Communication method : Lon-Talk protocol
Controller Bus transmitters. Communication speed : 78kbps
Wiring : Lan cable, connector joint
(category 3-5 0.5φ*4P in
conformity with EIA568)

SC-bus Sub Controller Transmits data between ZM and terminal Communication method : Private communication
Bus transmitters. Communication speed : 4800bps
Wiring : Lan cable, connector joint
(category 3-5 0.5φ*4P in
conformity with EIA568)

RS Terminal Installed in local place and transmits data with BMS. Input/output points : Refer to point summary
Transmitter RS and input/output devices are connected with Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz
individual wires. Communication method : Private
communication/Lon-Talk

DDC AHU Controller Performs AHU control and transmits data with BMS. Input/output points : Refer to point summary
Control items : Refer to control diagram
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz
Communication method : Private
communication/Lon-Talk

PMX Chiller Plant Performs control of chiller plant system and transmits Input/output points : Refer to point summary
Controller data with BMS. Control items : Refer to control diagram
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz
Communication method : Private
communication/Lon-Talk

ZM Terminal Coordinates with BMS to manage DDCV (VAV Connectable number : 50 units(DDCV, DDCF)/ZM
Transmitter controller) and DDCF (FCU controller). Power : AC24V +/-15% /
AC100V-200V, 50/60Hz
Communication method : Private
communication/Lon-Talk

BMIF Building Multi Communicates between building multi system and Input : Max. 64 systems
Interface BMS, transmits data of ON/OFF command, status, Communication method : Polling/Selecting method
alarm, temperature setting and measurement. Communication procedure (equal to JISIIX5002)
Communication speed : 4800bps
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz,
20VA

RU-L Lighting Communicates between lighting system and BMS, Input : Max. 64 systems
Interface transmits data of ON/OFF command, status, and Communication method : Polling/Selecting method
schedule management. Communication procedure (equal to JISIIX5002)
Communication speed : 1200bps
Power : AC100/200V +/-10%, 50/60Hz,
20VA

DDCV VAV Controller Performs VAV control and transmits data with BMS. Power : AC24V +/-15% /
AC100V-240V, 50/60Hz
Communication method : Private communication

DDCF FCU Controller Performs FCU control and transmits data with BMS. Power : AC100V-240V, 50/60Hz
Communication method : Private communication

UT Digital Communicates with BMS, DDC, etc., transmits data Operating target : 4 zones/unit
Operating Unit of ON/OFF command, temperature display, setting, Display : LCD
overtime running request schedule adjustment. Operation : Touch panel
It is possible to restrict on the access by using a Power : AC24V +/-15%, 50/60Hz,
password. 1.5VA

44
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples
Building Management System Software Specifications (1/3)
1. System overview
Building management system (BMS) is set in ,performs efficient
management, monitoring, control of various equipments such as chiller
plant, HVAC, plumbing, electricity receiving and transforming, lighting,
fire-prevention, etc., in order for laborsaving, energy saving, security and
comfortable environment.
BMS is a risk distribution system that even a trouble occurs at a part of
BMS, the performance of other part is hardly affected.
• BMS is composed of BA servers and client PC. OS of the servers is
Linux with consideration for stability, capability and better security.
• IPv6 network configuration responding to future extension.
• Any PC can be man-machine interface (monitor) as long as it has web
browser software and appropriate configurations.
(Refer to hardware specifications for the details.)
• User can modify the graphics easily.
2. Basic functions
2-1. Common functions
(1) Operating methods
Operating by mouse and keyboard.
(2) Operator access control
Max. 200 pairs of user ID and password can be registered with various
access limitation (operable/display only/undisplayable) to each
function.
User authentication is not necessary for the client PC assigned a
special IP address
(3) Segregation name settings
Points can be divided up to 32 segregations (by equipment, system,
place, building, etc.) with different access limitations on point operation,
alarm display, buzzer sound for each user.
Screen display and buzzer sound are easy to set.
(4) Module status monitoring
The status of system modules is monitored constantly. Alarm is notified
whenever a trouble occurs.
(5) Remote unit status monitoring
The status of remote units is monitored constantly. Alarm is notified
whenever a trouble occurs.
(6) Register maintenance
Maintenance-registered points are removed from monitoring, control,
schedule targets. An indicator is shown on the screen during
maintenance.
(7) Alarm transmission
Outputs point alarm by contact output.
2-2. Monitoring
(1) Status monitoring
It is possible for the user to monitor point status, measured value and
totalized value constantly.
(2) Alarm monitoring
It is possible for the user to monitor alarm occurrence, recovery of
points and system devices constantly.
The latest alarm information is displayed in new alarm area along with
indicator blinking, buzzer sound (4 kinds), voice message (90 kinds),
forced graphic display and forced guidance display when point alarm
occurs.
(3) ON/OFF mismatch / status mismatch monitoring
Alarm occurs when
• Point status does not change when a fixed period has elapsed after
the issue of ON/OFF command from BMS.
• Point status does not match the ON/OFF command from BMS.
(4) High/Low limit monitoring of measured value
Alarm occurs when the measured value deviates from the specified
range of High/Low limit value.
(5) Batch setting on High/Low limit monitoring of measured value It is
possible to perform batch setting on the set points of High/Low limit
monitoring of multiple measured values.
(6) Deviation monitoring of measured value
Alarm occurs when the deviation between measured value and set
point exceeds the specified value.
(7) Batch setting on deviation monitoring of measured value
It is possible to perform batch setting on the set points of deviation
monitoring of multiple measured values.
45
2-3. Display
(1) Multi-window display
Max. 3 windows can be displayed simultaneously.
(2) Sequential screen display
Group list, trend graph, control screen are displayed automatically in a
predetermined sequence besides graphics.
(Max. 100 screens/sequence, Max. 20 sequences)
Time display and screen hardcopy (JPEG format) can beset also.
(3) Screen scroll function
This function helps to scroll the display of window vertically and
horizontally when the range for display exceeds the window size.
(4) New alarm display
Displaying the latest alarm contents in new alarm display area.
(5) Graphic display
Graphic displays the point information in the building.
Screen size can be enlarged or reduced randomly.
Graphic displays the point status by symbol color change, figuration
switching, animation at the time of status change or alarm occurrence.
The associated graphic is forced to display at the time of alarm
occurrence.
Live-wire symbol is used for electricity receiving and transforming
equipments, etc.
• Animation: displays point status and alarm occurrence by symbol
motion.
• Live-wire: color indication of piping, wiring.
Graphic displays measured value・totalized value by numeric value,
gradation, meter indication, level symbol, which are updated
periodically.
• Gradation: color indication of temperature distribution
• Meter indication: displays measured value by analog meter
• Level symbol: level indication of measured value
Graphic can also realize that
• Screen transition
• Photographic data insertion
(6) Graphic modification
This function helps to
• change the layout and name of the room
• change background color
• change and plug in various symbols
• generate a new graphic
(7) Point list display
Point information is listed by group, alarm occurrence, ON status, OFF
status, maintenance, trouble.
It is possible to operate ON/OFF command and setting on multiple
points simultaneously in the same list, as well as outputting a list in PDF
file and printing.
(8) Time program list
This function helps to display the ON/OFF time setting of registered
time programs in a list.
Representative point status (normal/alarm, ON/OFF) can be used to
display the status of time program.
(9) Point search
This function helps to display and print the necessary point information
in list format, according to the attribute information of the point.
(10)Point guidance
This function provides detail comment (such as the treating method or
contact address) automatically at the time of alarm occurrence.
(11)Point details display
Point detail information is displayed from graphic screen directly.
It includes point information, point registration, runtime data, trend
graph for the past 48 hours, schedule of status and measured value.
(12)Screen history display
It is used to display the 20 previously displayed screens after login.
(13)User menu settings
The screens displayed frequently are registered in the user menu for
quick selection.
The associated screens can be grouped into categories and displayed
hierarchically according to equipment type / floor for each user.
Furthermore, it is possible to display any 3 screens on the system menu
display area as shortcuts.
(14)Infilex (IP type) point list screen display
I/O information can be displayed on the point list screen by accessing
the IP controller directly.

Building Management System Software Specifications (2/3)
2-4. Operation
(1) Individual ON/OFF operation・set point change
It is possible to operate individual ON/OFF and change set point by
selecting a point from associated graphic or list.
When multiple ON commands are issued simultaneously, the ON
commands will take effect one after the other with a fixed time delay.
3-action operation (operate-confirm-run) is executed for important
equipment instead of usual ON/OFF operation (operate-run). The
confirmation message gives a caution to operator in the 'confirm' step.
(2) Preset of totalized value
It is possible to preset the totalized value and runtime.
2-5. Print
(1) Screen print
It is possible to print and spool the currently displayed screen by using a
specified printer.
3. Control functions
3-1. Common
(1) Calendar control
It is possible to specify normal days, holidays, special days 1 and
special days 2 till for 2 years ahead.
(2) Time program control
ON/OFF operation of the equipment registered in time program is
executed automatically in a predetermined schedule.
There are 2 kinds of schedules, that is, priority schedule and execution
schedule.
ON/OFF time is specified for the 4 kinds of calendar days in a priority
schedule and the execution schedule for the next 1 week from the
current date can be created according to calendar information and
priority schedule.
ON/OFF time change can be executed on execution schedule.
It is possible to set ON/OFF operation up to 8 times a day.
(3) Batch setting of time program control
It is possible to perform batch setting on multiple priority schedules.
(4) Schedule composition
This function is used to generate a single time schedule from multiple
schedules for the ON/OFF operation of the communal equipment.
(5) Interlock control
This function helps to operate the target equipment to a desired status
(ON/OFF, etc.) with the conditions of point status change or alarm
occurrence, etc.
(6) Numeric operation
This function performs the four arithmetic operations for totalized value
and measured value, and outputs the calculation result to a point.
(7) Logical operation
This function performs the logical operations for the input status of
multiple points and outputs the result to a point.
(8) Add-subtract operation of totalized value
It is possible to perform add-subtract operation on multiple totalized
values and output the result to a data point.
3-2. HVAC
(1) Seasonal changeover control
This function performs the seasonal changeover (mode switching on
the season) automatically at the specified date.
There are 4 modes which are fan, cooling, heating and cooling/ heating.
Forced manual changeover operation is also available.
(2) Batch setting of seasonal changeover control
It is possible to perform batch setting on multiple seasonal changeover.
(3) Set point schedule control
It is possible to change the set value of the set point automatically
according to the schedule per annum.
(4) Batch setting of set point schedule
It is possible to perform batch setting on multiple set point schedules.
(5) Optimum ON/OFF control (pre-cooling, pre-warming control)
This function estimates the attribute of room temperature raise/fall to
perform the optimum ON/OFF control of AHU.
Holiday compensation, consecutive holidays compensation and
abnormal data compensation are available.
• Holiday compensation: early start of the AHU if it did not work in the
previous day.
• Consecutive holidays compensation: early start of the AHU according
to the days the AHU has been switched OFF.
• Abnormal data compensation: learning is not performed when
measured input is abnormal.
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples
(6) Chiller optimum ON/OFF control
This function refers to the estimated optimum ON/OFF time of the AHU,
starts the chiller earlier than the optimum start time of the earliest AHU,
and stops the chiller earlier than the optimum stop time of the latest
AHU within the same chiller system. Earlier start and stop time is up to
120 minutes against target time.
(7) Duty cycle control
This function calculates the optimum stop time of AHU, etc.
to perform duty cycle control while maintaining a comfortable
environment.
(8) Cold air intake control
Proportional control of cold air intake damper is executed when outdoor
air cooling is effective, which is evaluated by the comparison of outdoor
temperature, return (room) enthalpy and dry-bulb temperature
(9) Optimum room temperature setting
This function calculates PMV value and change the set point of room
temperature automatically for energy-saving.
PMV value can be set up according to operating mode (energy-
saving/normal/comfortable).
PMV value is calculated according to room temperature, window
radiant temperature (measured value/calculated value), room relative
humidity, air draft (set value), activity (set value varying with time),
amount of clothing (set value varying with month).
(10)Duty cycle program with power demand function
This function compares the estimated demand value with the target
power to perform duty cycle control of AHU, etc. while maintaining a
comfortable environment.
It is possible to set different temperature value for normal day and
holiday.
3-3. Electricity
(1) Power failure control
Alarm notification is given through buzzer sound and blinking of the
power failure indicator, status mismatch alarm is withheld and general
control retention is performed during commercial power failure.
However, fire process and manual operation are available.
(2) Sequential start control when generator works
Startup is output one by one to the registered equipments when
detecting startup of the generator.
(3) Generator load distribution control
This function keeps the power load within the power capacity of the
generator. Power is connected to the units in order of priority level (15
levels).
(4) Power restoration control
Power restoration control is executed by automatic or manual power
restoration command after commercial power restored.
ON/OFF command is executed according to point status before power
failure and general control retention during power failure.
(5) Power demand monitoring
Estimating power demand value of 30 minutes interval.
Alarm occurs if the estimated power demand or real power demand
exceeds the target power with the blinking of indicator.
Synchronization with the supply demand meter is based on the external
input or screen operation.
(6) Power demand control
This function estimates the usage of power at intervals, decides the
necessity of interruption/recovery of load in order of priority level (15
levels).
It is also possible to increase or decrease the analog output ratio of the
inverter.
(7) Power demand history
This function helps to store the power demand control results as history
data, display the target value and demand value.
• Daily data: past 13 months at 30 minutes interval
• Monthly data: past 13 months at 1 day interval
History data can be output in CSV format.
(8) Power factor improvement control
It is the function to improve power factor by recover or interrupt the
phase advance capacitor, according to the values of power factor
(reactive power) and active power.
3-4. Fire-prevention
(1) Fire process
Alarm notification is given through buzzer sound, blinking of the fire
indicator and display on alarm dashboard with input of fire.
It is also possible to stop the associated equipments (AHU, etc.)
automatically by the input fire signal.
The priority of fire process is higher than other controls at this time.
Furthermore, fire cancellation is done only by manual operation.
46
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples
Building Management System Software Specifications (3/3)
3-5. Security
(1) Security interlock
This is a event program that stops AHU, etc. with the security status of
security system automatically.
4. Data management functions
4-1. Data management
(1) Runtime monitoring and ON/OFF counting
Runtime and on-off cycle count of the equipment are totalized and
displayed in the point operation screen. The equipment that exceeds a
certain value of runtime/On-Off cycle count is displayed in the list
('Maintenance Notification' in indicator area).
In addition, it is possible to output the list in PDF format.
(2) Daily report, monthly report, yearly report
It is possible to display the measured value and totalized value in the
specified format.
(Daily report: pages, monthly report: pages, yearly report: pages)
The maximum value, minimum value and mean value can also be
displayed if necessary.
In addition, it is possible to output the report in PDF format
automatically or manually.
The time range for manual print is shown as below.
• Daily report: past 13 months
• monthly report: past 10 years
• yearly report: past 10 years
Point data can also be output in CSV format.
(3) Trending
Measured value, totalized value and time series change of equipment
operation status are stored for a fixed period and can be displayed on
trend graph (broken line) and bar graph (bar graph/laminated graph).
Trend graph: sheets.
1 sheet can display max. 2/8 points. (Max. 2/8 axes in 1 graph)
Trend data is stored as follows.
• 1 minute data: past 40 days
• 1 hour data: past 13 months
• 1 day data: past 10 years
• 1 month data: past 10 years
(4) Alarm dashboard
Alarm dashboard displays the alarm, status change, operation settings,
unacknowledged alarm in order of year/month/day/hour/minute/second
in a list.
It is possible to extract and display part of the list by type filtering. It also
supports string search, time search and comment input.
In addition, it is possible to output the list in PDF format automatically or
manually, as well as CSV format.
47
(5) User data processing
This function helps to output the gathered trend data in CSV format
automatically or manually.
(6) Overtime running
This function regulates the overtime running time on client PC.
Request operation of overtime running can be performed from the user
operable equipment or client PC for each request unit.
The log of overtime running request is stored, that is also used for
summary process.
In addition, it is possible to output the list in PDF format.
(7) Meter reading
This function collects the meter reading values of power, gas, water
supply at the specified date and calculates the monthly or bimonthly
consumption, which is used to list and display the meter reading result
of each meter, system or tenant.
Abnormal value detection according to the comparison with the last
consumption ratio and manual modification are available.
It is possible to output the list in PDF and CSV formats.
• Data points: Max. 200/500/1500 meters
In addition, output of a meter reading result file before report print can
be used for confirmation.
(8) Real time trending
This function supports high-speed storage of measured value at
1/2/3/5/10/30 seconds interval and display of time series trend graph. A
trend graph can display max. 8 data points.
The limitation on the number of analog points, data, graphics is shown
as below.
• Max. 100 points/P-SCS, Max. 20 points/SCS
• Max. 6000 data/point
• Trend graph:40/100 sheets
(9) Runtime display
It is possible to output totalized runtime of the equipment to a data
point.
(10) Overtime totalization
It is possible to output totalized overtime of the equipment to a data
point.
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

48
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Point Summary List (reference only) (1/2)

CONTROL PANEL
OPERATION DISPLAY ANALOG

SIGNAL SOURCE
INPUT/OUTPUT
EQUIPMENT

AUTOMATIC

REMARKS
SYMBOL

TOT
SETTING

OTHERS
ON/OFF,
STATUS

STATUS
ON/OFF

ALARM

TEMP.

HUMI.
POINT NAME

<Substation>
VCB 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Over current 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Low voltage 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Current 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Voltage 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Power factor 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Power 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Reactive power 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Integral power 1RS-1 LV panel 1
Auto/manual 1RS-1 LV panel 1

<Generator>
Start/stop 1RS-1 GE panel 1
MCCB 1RS-1 GE panel 1
Over current 1RS-1 GE panel 1
Over voltage 1RS-1 GE panel 1
Major failure 1RS-1 GE panel 1
Minor failure 1RS-1 GE panel 1
Auto/manual 1RS-1 GE panel 1

<Lighting system>
1F lighting 1RS-1 1L-1 20
2F lighting 2RS-1 2L-1 20

<Chiller plant system control>

R-1,2 Chiller batch ON/OFF 1CP-1 1
R-1 Chiller No.1 1CP-1 R-1 1 1
R-2 Chiller No.2 1CP-1 R-2 1 1
CP-1 Primary pump No.1 1CP-1 1M-1 1 1
CP-2 Primary pump No.2 1CP-1 1M-1 1 1
Chiller outlet temperature 1CP-1 Sensor 2
Chiller inlet temperature 1CP-1 Sensor 2
Supply header temperature 1CP-1 Sensor 1
Return header temperature 1CP-1 Sensor 1
Return temperature 1CP-1 Sensor 1
Instantaneous flow rate 1CP-1 Flow meter 1
Totalized flow rate 1CP-1 Flow meter 1

49
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Point Summary List (reference only) (2/2)

CONTROL PANEL
OPERATION DISPLAY ANALOG

SIGNAL SOURCE
INPUT/OUTPUT
EQUIPMENT

AUTOMATIC

REMARKS
SYMBOL

TOT
SETTING

OTHERS
ON/OFF,
STATUS

STATUS
ON/OFF

ALARM

TEMP.

HUMI.
POINT NAME

<Outdoor air handling unit control>

OHU-1 Outdoor air handling unit (1F) 1CP-2 1M-2 1 1
Supply air temperature 1CP-2 Sensor 1 1
Supply air dew point temperature 1CP-2 Sensor 1 1
Outdoor air duct temperature 1CP-2 Sensor 1 1
Filter alarm 1CP-2 Sensor 1
Humidification valve defect 1CP-2 Sensor 1

OHU-2 Outdoor air handling unit (2F) 2CP-1 2M-1 1 1

Supply air temperature 2CP-1 Sensor 1 1
Supply air dew point temperature 2CP-1 Sensor 1 1
Outdoor air duct temperature 2CP-1 Sensor 1 1
Filter alarm 2CP-1 Sensor 1
Humidification valve defect 2CP-1 Sensor 1

<Air handling unit control>

AHU-1 Air handling unit (1F hall) 1CP-2 1M-3 1 1
Return air fan 1CP-2 1M-3 1 1
Supply air temperature 1CP-2 Sensor 1 1
Return air humidity 1CP-2 Sensor 1 1
Return air temperature 1CP-2 Sensor 1
CO2 concentration 1CP-2 Sensor 1 1
Supply air fan VSD speed 1CP-2 1M-3 1
Return air fan VSD speed 1CP-2 1M-3 1
Room temperature 1CP-2 Sensor 5 5
Filter alarm 1CP-2 Sensor 1
Humidification valve defect 1CP-2 Sensor 1
VAV 1CP-2 DDCV 10 10

<Fan coil unit control>

Fan coil unit (1F) 1CP-2 DDCF 10
Room temperature (1F) 1CP-2 DDCF 10

Fan coil unit (2F) 1CP-2 DDCF 10

Room temperature (2F) 1CP-2 DDCF 10

<Measurement>
Outdoor air temperature and humidity 2CP-1 Sensor 1 1

50
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Hardware Interface (1/2)

ON/OFF, status, alarm ON/OFF, status
I/O items
Instantaneous contact output Input Instantaneous contact output Input

Remote unit DI DI DI
(RS) ON OFF ON OFF

(DDC) IN COM IN COM COM IN

24VAC/DC 24VAC/DC
(PMX)

Wiring

CX TX 52X 51X CX TX 52X

Local
Equipments
Local Remote Local Remote

Electric, OFF TX OFF TX

Operation Operation
HVAC, circuit 52
ON CX
52X circuit 52
ON CX
52X
Plumbing,
others 52 52X 52 52X

51 51

a-a contact a-a contact

1.Contact for status confirmation uses auxiliary relay(52X). 1.Contact for status confirmation uses auxiliary
Remarks 2.Remote auxiliary relay(CX, TX) has spark killer. relay(52X).
2.Remote auxiliary relay(CX, TX) has spark killer.

ON/OFF, status, alarm ON/OFF, status ON/OFF, status（lighting）

I/O items
Continuous contact output Input Continuous contact output Input Remote control pulse output
Remote unit DI DI DI
ON OFF ON OFF ON
(RS) OFF

(DDC) IN COM IN COM COM IN

DI
24VAC/DC 24VAC/DC
(PMX)

Wiring
White Red
Local switch

CX 52X 51X CX 52X

Local
Remote control

Remote control

Equipments
transformer

Local Remote Local Remote AC

24V
relay

1.5A
Electric, OFF CX OFF CX OFF ON

HVAC, Operation ON Operation ON

circuit 52 circuit 52
Blue Blue
Plumbing,
others 52 52X 52 52X

51 51

1.Contact for status confirmation uses 1.Contact for status confirmation

auxiliary relay(52X). uses auxiliary relay(52X).
Remarks 2.Remote auxiliary relay(CX) has spark killer. 2.Remote auxiliary relay(CX) has
spark killer.

51
 6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Hardware Interface (2/2)

Status, alarm Status Alarm TOT(pulse) input TOT(pulse) input
I/O items
Contact input Contact input Contact input No-voltage contact pulse No-voltage contact pulse

Remote unit DI DI DI DI TOT TOT

(RS)
(DDC) IN COM IN COM COM IN COM IN COM IN
(PMX)

Wiring

Local
52X 51X 52X 51X
Equipments

Electric, Status contact Status contact Alarm contact

Alarm contact
HVAC, Totalizing Totalizing(for water
Plumbing, 1.Input meter)
others 12VDC, 10mA 1.Input
2.Input condition 12VDC, 10mA
1.Input 1.Input ON time over 30ms 2.Input condition
No-voltage a continuous No-voltage a continuous contact OFF time over 30ms ON time over 30ms
contact 2.Circuit voltage, current ON+OFF time over OFF time over 30ms
2.Circuit voltage, current DC12V, 10mA 100ms ON+OFF time over
DC12V, 10mA 100ms
Remarks over 30ms over 30ms
over 30ms over 30ms

ON ON
OFF OFF

over 100ms over 100ms

AI AI AI AO
I/O items
Temperature input Current Input Voltage input Current Output
Remote unit
(RS)
(DDC)
(PMX)

Wiring

Local
Equipments
Electric,
HVAC,
Plumbing, Pt100Ω
resistance Transducer 4~20mA
others Transmitter

1.Input 1.Input 1.AIV1 input 1.Output signal

Pt100Ω, JPt100Ω DC4~20mA 1~5VDC 4~20mA DC
2.Circuit voltage, current 2.Input impedance Input impedance 500Ω 2.Output voltage
DC1V, 1mA 300Ω 2.AIV2 input 24V DC
3.Range 3.No isolation 0~5VDC 3.Max. resistance
Remarks 0~50℃, -50~100°C Input impedance 5KΩ 600Ω
-20~80℃, 50~200℃ 3.AIV3 input 4.With isolator
-5~5VDC
Input impedance 110KΩ
4.No isolation

52
6. Typical Instrumentation Examples

Valve Selection Table (reference only)

General
This table shows selected valve conditions for all control valves that are installed in a project.
Valve selection table

System Fluid Flow rate Pi Delta P CV Bore(A) Remarks

<Chiller plant system control>
Chilled water bypass 2-way valve W2 2000 150.0 113.2 100
Chilled water flow meter W 2000 150

<Outdoor air handling unit control>

Chilled water 2-way valve W2 300 30.0 38.0 40 2sets
Hot water 2-way valve W2 120 30.0 15.2 25 2sets
Humidification 2-way valve S 30 200.0 80.0 1.1 15 2sets
Steam shutoff valve S 15 2sets

<Air handling unit control>

Chilled water 2-way valve W2 200 30.0 25.3 40
Hot water 2-way valve W2 80 30.0 10.1 25
Humidification 2-way valve S 15 200.0 80.0 0.5 15
Steam shutoff valve S 15

<Fan coil unit control>

Chilled water 2-way valve W2 20 30.0 2.5 20 20sets
Hot water 2-way valve W2 20 30.0 2.5 20 20sets

Fluid W2 : Water(2-way valve), W : Water, S : Steam

Unit Fluid W2, W : Flow rate[l/m], Delta P[kPa] Fluid S : Flow rate[kg/h], Pi, Delta P[kPa]

Control Panel Table (reference only)

General
This table shows panel name and size, location, also including controlled subjects by the panel.
Control panel table
Size for Reference(mm)
Name Type Controlled Subjects Location
W H D
System control
Stand 700 1950 400 DSS, SMS, etc. 1F security room
panel
1CP-1 Wall mounted 700 1300 250 Chiller plant system control 1F machine room 1

1CP-2 Wall mounted 700 1300 250 OHU-1, AHU-1, FCU 1F machine room 2

2CP-1 Wall mounted 700 1100 250 OHU-2, measurement 2F machine room 1
Substation and generator
1RS-1 Wall mounted 700 700 250 1F electric room
monitoring, lighting
2RS-1 Wall mounted 700 700 250 Lighting 2F EPS
W : Width H : Height D : Depth

53
Guide Specification

Building Management System

Energy Management System
Security System
and,
Control Devices
 1

Guide Specifications for HVAC

1. GENERAL
Building Management Systems and Instrumentation for HVAC shall
comply with the conditions stated in this specification in terms of
Hardware, Software, and its installation, test, and commissioning.

1.1. Scope
A. Supply all hardware and software necessary to meet the specified
project requirements.
B. Supply hardware layouts, connections, control loop configuration as
control flow diagrams.
C. Specify the detailed design for all distributed control system input/output
points.
D. Design, supply and install all panels, and data communication network
cables including all hardware.
E. Supply and install all interconnecting cables between control panels,
controllers, operator terminals and peripheral devices.
F. Prepare entire specifications for all items supplied by the supplier from
other purchased products.
G. Supply supervisory specialists and engineers at the project site to assist
in any phases of system installation, start-up, test and commissioning.
H. Prepare necessary operator and technician training programs
I. Prepare as-built documentation, software, all DDC control logic and all
associated support documentation on approved media which accurately
represents the final system.

1.2. Submittals
System supplier shall submit system control sequence drawings with
engineering design to the project.
System configuration diagrams.
Input/Output point and alarm point list.
All system wirings and interconnections between components.
Hardware specifications and instructions, Software specifications, and
application user guides.
 2

Guide Specifications for HVAC

1.3. References
The latest standards as stated below are followed as references.
ASHRAE American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air
Conditioning Engineers
European CE Mark: EMC Directive 2004/108/EC and 89/336/EEC

1.4. Warranty
Warranty shall include all costs for labor, parts, transportations,
expenses within one year from actual completion and acceptance by the
owner Warranty shall cover.
 3

Guide Specifications for HVAC

2. PRODUCTS
2.1. HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS
2.1.1. General
A Building Management System (BMS) shall be built on a server-client
type system architecture. All necessary information and system
database are archived in system servers. A PC with web-browsing
software installed shall perform as a Client PC, solely for browsing the
contents of all archived data as a supervisory terminal. BMS shall use
the latest technologies such as IP/Linux/XML/ SVG/JAVA as its platform.

2.1.2. Server
System Servers shall comprise of several servers on server-client
system structure. The number of system servers shall differ depending
on the system requirements. Servers shall include Server for System
Management and Server for Data Storage. Servers shall be built on the
full open platform using Linux system.

2.1.2.1. Server for System Management

A Server for System Management shall carry out distribution of
information for the display, setting, and operations of the management
information of the overall system (data point, program, etc.) through the
Web browsing software installed in the Client PC. Server shall support
access of up to 5 client PCs simultaneously.
Server shall be provided with dedicated hardware using full open
platform Linux system and come with 32 bit CPU with main storage
capacity of SDRAM 256 MB. Auxiliary memory unit HDD shall be 40
GB in 2.5 inch size. Maximum BACnet objects manageable shall be
30,000 objects. Server shall back up data up to 72 hours.

2.1.2.2. Server for Data Storage

A Server for Data Storage shall store necessary database for BMS. The
server shall manage the data transmitted from an Advanced Building
Controller as BMS databases and provide the data to display or print the
historical trending graphs as well as daily, monthly, and yearly reports.
Server shall be provided with dedicated hardware using full open
platform Linux system and come with 32 bit CPU with main storage
capacity of SDRAM 256 MB. Auxiliary memory unit HDD shall be 40
GB in 2.5 inch size. Maximum BACnet objects manageable shall be
30,000 objects. Server shall back up data up to 72 hours.
 4

Guide Specifications for HVAC

2.1.2.3 Server for Energy Management

A Server for Energy Management shall store necessary database for the
purpose of energy consumption management.

2.1.2.4 Server for Security Data

A Server for Security Data store necessary database for the purpose of
security.
The server shall have the storage capacity of 1 million access history.
Server for Security Data shall comply with the specifications as follows:
- OS: Windows® XP
- Internet Browser: Internet Explorer 6 or later
- CPU: Pentium® IV processor, 3 GHz and above
- Main storage capacity: 512MB and above
- Loading function: IPv6, Java® vm 1.4 and above, XGA,
Acrobat® Reader, IE6.0 and above
- HDD capacity: 40GB and above.
- CD-ROM: 1 unit

2.1.3. Server Redundancy

System Servers shall be capable of dual-redundant system.
Dual-redundancy shall be configured by setting 2 servers respectively
with one to one warm-standby system. The system runs 2 servers
simultaneously and when trouble occurred on either one server, another
one will backup immediately.
Servers carry out the backup of critical data such as Monitoring Data and
Historical data. When trouble occurred below measures shall be
applied to backup data.
Assume there are 2 servers “Server A” and “Server B”. When “Server
A” information cannot be browsed from Client PC due to the network
trouble, it is judged as “Server A: Down”, and then “Server B” (normally
Standby) becomes Active, and the Client PC connection is switched to
“Server B” automatically.
When network trouble is solved and “Server A” is restored, (Client PC is
restored to be able to browse server information), as “Server A: Active”,
automatically carry out restorations (acquiring trending data during
“Server A” is down from Advanced Building Controller and copying the
difference between Client PC settings and data for scheduled copy).
After restored as “Server A: Active”, Client PC still maintain the
connection to Server B. Operator has to re-login to switch the
connection to Server A.
 5

Guide Specifications for HVAC

2.1.4. Client PC
A Client PC shall be the PC with web-browsing software for accessing
the database achieved and stored in System Servers. Client PC is
basically installed in the supervision room to supervise the whole
building. It supervises the following features:
- Monitoring: status, alarms, and measurement of each facility
- Operation: remote ON/OFF control
- Data output: operating status, alarm status, and measuring data
- Data analysis: operating status, alarm status, and measuring data
Up to 5 Client PCs shall be able to access Server simultaneously.
Client PC shall comply with the specifications as follows:
- OS: Windows® XP/Vista
- Internet Browser: Internet Explorer 6 or later
- CPU: Pentium® IV processor, 3 GHz and above
- Main storage capacity: 512MB and above
- Loading function: IPv6, Java® vm 1.4 and above, XGA,
Acrobat® Reader, IE6.0 and above

2.1.5. Printer
Any type of printer with USB connection available shall be able to
connect the network of the system. Printer driver shall be compatible
with Windows XP or later.

2.1.6. Communication Network

BMS shall have the capability of full system integration using BACnet IP,
LonTalk, Modbus, or OPC.
For the communication network between Client PCs and each server,
hyper text transfer protocol (http) shall be used.
Uses BACnet IP between each system server and advanced building
controller.
Internet Protocol version 4 (IPv4) or Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6)
shall be selectable for both communication network depending on the
required specifications.
LonTalk protocol shall be used for the communication between
Advanced Building Controller and the DDC controllers, such as
multi-purpose controller.
MODBUS protocol shall be used for the network connection with power
meters and controllers using RS485 communications.
OPC shall be used for the system integration with IBMS. Using PC
based OPC server, BMS shall be able to connect with other systems as
 6

Guide Specifications for HVAC

IBMS by converting BACnet protocol to the one communicable via OPC.

2.1.7. Controller
2.1.7.1. Advanced Building Controller
An Advanced Building Controller shall consolidates the DDC groups and
performs different types of integrated control including energy saving.
The controller shall be capable of autonomous distributed control to
continue the operation even if another part of the system is shut down.
Collects various management information from the DDCs and transmits
information to Server for System Management. Stores the collected
data for forty-eight (48) hours.
The controller shall come with 32 bit CPU with main storage capacity of
SDRAM 128 MB and Compact Flash® 64MB. Maximum Data points
manageable shall be 1,000 points.
Uses IP (Ethernet® 10 BASE-T/100BASE-TX) 1 channel to
communicate with the higher level of the system. The communication
line of controllers consists of LonTalk® protocol Controller bus) 4 lines (2
channels). This controller shall back up the data up to 72 hours.

2.1.7.2. Direct Digital Controller (DDC)

DDC controller shall carry out the controls for each and every device.
The control operations shall be self-sustaining to enable the continuous
control even if the other parts of the system are down. Data
transmission shall be made via the Client PC and the Advanced Building
Controller. The Client PC will receive, for example, the changes in
setup values, and send back the data of control results.
DDC lineups several types as follows:

A. Multi-purpose Controller
the controller designed as a multipurpose controller for several devices.
Consists of a basic unit and connectable I/O modules. The number and
types of the modules shall be flexibly changeable corresponding to the
control or management to fit in various applications.

B. AHU Controller
the DDC controller specially designed for AHU control. The controller
has inputs and outputs suitable for AHU control and its software shall be
freely editable in response to the applications.

C. I/O Modules
 7

Guide Specifications for HVAC

I/O modules consist of the following types:

- Module with 8 digital inputs
- Module with 16 digital inputs
- Module with 8 relay outputs
- Module with 16 relay outputs
- Module with 8 relay outputs + 8 digital inputs
- Module with 4 remote control relay outputs
- Module with 4 totalizer pulse inputs
- Module with 16 totalizer pulse inputs
- Module with 2 voltage/current outputs
- Module with 4 voltage/current outputs
- Module with 4 voltage/current inputs
- Module with 4 temperature inputs
- Module with 2 voltage/current inputs + 2 temperature inputs
- Module with 1 modutrol motor outputs
- Module with 3 modutrol motor outputs

D. Zone Manager
A Zone Manager shall carry out the management of VAV controllers, Fan
Coil Unit Controllers, and AHU Controllers. Up to 50 controllers are
manageable by one unit of Zone Manager.

E. VAV Controller
designed specifically for Variable Air Volume unit control. The VAV
controller shall be provided as a damper actuator with DDC controller
inside that controls a VAV unit in a building HVAC system. Rated
torque of VAV damper actuator shall be selectable from 5Nm of 10Nm
depending on the torque required.

F. Fan Coil Unit Controller

provides digital control of fan coil units. In addition to start/stop
operation, valve control, and fan speed changeover, the controller shall
provide setback and interlock operations with outdoor air handler.

2.1.7.3. Chiller Plant Control Packaged Controller

Chiller Plant Control Packaged Controller is a direct digital controller
(DDC) specifically designed for sequential control of chiller plant
equipment of building HVAC systems. These packaged controllers
comprise of 2 types; a pump controller and a chiller controller. Each
packaged controller consists of a combination of a control module, a
base module, I/O modules, and a LCD operator interface.
 8

Guide Specifications for HVAC

The Control module performs arithmetic operations and exerts the

chiller/pump controls.
The plug-in type I/O modules are the input/output sections of the
controller and load communications to connect with the control module.
The Base module enables power supply and communication interface to
the I/O modules. I/O modules include the followings:
- Module with 4-20 mA DC current inputs
- Module with 4-20 mA DC current output
- Module with one floating output with nominal 135ohm feedback
potentiometer
- Module with five potential free contact inputs
- Module with four potential free contact (normally open) outputs
- Module with two potential free contact inputs and one 24VDC voltage
instantaneous contact output
The Base module supplies power to I/O modules and carries out
communication connections and address settings for I/O modules. The
base module also functions as a terminal block for the I/O modules.
The I/O modules shall be plug-in type, which can be plugged directly into
the base module back panel and can be easily detached without
disconnecting their wiring.
The LCD Operator Interface is a display setting device having a color
touch-panel LCD. Users shall be controlled with access levels and
passwords. This interface shall also be used as a parameter-setting
device by service personnel.

2.1.7.4. Access Controller

Provide control device for access control equipment of the security
system. The controller collects data on access control, monitors
operating status of access control equipment, and interfaces with other
facilities such as lighting and air conditioning facilities.
This device shall use Wiegand protocol for the control of Security card
devices.
The controller shall be connectable to the security system via 10
BASE-T or 100 BASE-T of Ethernet protocol. Sends access control
data to the system, receives commands from the terminal devices as
well as from the system to control electric lock, and thus performs
security management of a whole building.
The controller composed of a basic module and I/O modules such as
Modules for Wiegand signal, power supply for electric keys, passive
sensors and other devices,
 9

Guide Specifications for HVAC

2.1.9. Field Devices

2.1.9.1. Sensors
Supplier shall provide the following types of sensor depending on the
specific system requirement.
A. Room Temperature Sensor
Uses resistance thermometer sensor for temperature sensing element.
Designed suitable for room temperature sensing. The sensing range
shall be from 0°C to 60°C with ± 0.3°C sensing accuracy.

B. Duct Insertion Type Temperature Sensor

Uses filterless probe resistance thermometer sensor for temperature
sensing element.
Designed to be installed to air ducts and suitable for supply or return air
temperature detection. The sensing range shall be from 0°C to 60°C
with ± 0.3°C sensing accuracy.
Sensor housing shall be dust-proof and splash-proof (IP54) for higher
environmental resistance and installable using dedicated
quick-detachable bracket for easy installation.

C. Pipe Mount Type Temperature Sensor

Uses resistance thermometer sensor for temperature sensing element.
Detects water temperature of piping. Sensing range of the sensor shall
be from -50°C to 200°C with sensing accuracy of ± 0.05 + 0.002
temperature measured.

D. Ceiling Mount Type Temperature Sensor

Uses resistance thermometer sensor for temperature sensing element.
Designed to be installed to narrow opening of ceiling. The sensing
range shall be from 0°C to 60°C with ± 0.3°C sensing accuracy.

E. Room Type Humidity Transmitter

Uses polymer capacitive humidity sensor for humidity sensing element.
The sensing range shall be 0%RH to 100%RH with ± 3% sensing
accuracy. Designed suitable for room humidity detection.

F. Duct Insertion Type Humidity Transmitter

Uses polymer capacitive humidity sensor for humidity sensing element.
The sensing range shall be 0%RH to 100%RH with ± 3% sensing
accuracy. Designed to be installed on air ducts and suitable for supply
or return air humidity detection.
 10

Guide Specifications for HVAC

Sensor housing shall be dust-proof and splash-proof (IP54) for higher

environmental resistance and installable using dedicated
quick-detachable bracket for easy installation.

G. Ceiling Mount Type Humidity Transmitter

Uses polymer capacitive humidity sensor for humidity sensing element.
The sensing range shall be 0%RH to 100%RH with ± 3% sensing
accuracy. Designed to be installed to narrow opening of ceiling.

H. Dew-point Temperature Sensor

uses a polymer capative humidity sensor for a dew point sensing
element. Comes either with or without built-in temperature sensing
element. The sensing range is from -40°C to 60°C DP with ± 1°C
sensing accuracy.
Sensor housing shall be dust-proof and splash-proof (IP54) for higher
environmental resistance and installable using dedicated
quick-detachable bracket for easy installation.

I. Radiant Temperature Sensor

measures infrared radiation at the perimeter on a wall. The sensing
range shall be from 5°C to 50°C with ± 2°C sensing accuracy. Output
signal shall be 1 to 5 V DC. Uses 1 to 5 V DC as output signal linearly
corresponding to 5°C to 50°C.

J. Carbon Monoxide (CO) Concentration Transmitter

detects concentration of Carbon Monoxide and sends a real time value.
The sensing range shall be 0 to 60 ppm with sensing accuracy of ± 5%
FS. Uses 4 to 20mA signal as output signal linearly corresponding to 0
to 60 ppm.

K. Duct Insertion Type Carbon Dioxicide (CO2) Concentration

Transmitter
detects the concentration of CO2 in ducts and other sites using
Non-dispersive infrared absorption method and transmits a real time
value to other devices. The sensing range shall be 0 to 2000 ppm with
sensing accuracy of ± (50 ppm + 5% readout). Uses 1 to 5 VDC signal
as output signal linearly corresponding to 0 to 2000 ppm.
The transmitter shall be installable using simple mounting bracket for
easy installation.
The device shall be able to calibrate using CO2 service bag containing
CO2 zero gas supply.
 11

Guide Specifications for HVAC

L. PMV Sensor
detects the combination of air temperature, mean radiant temperature,
and air velocity and converts into the sensor signal by equipped
processor. The sensing accuracy shall be ± 0.5 PMV.

M. Differential Pressure Transmitter

uses silicon diaphragm for its sensing element. Detects deflection of its
diaphragm as electrical capacitance. The sensing accuracy shall be ±
1.0% of full span. Uses 4 to 20mA signal as output signal.

N. Pressure Transmitter
detects the pressure of chilled/hot water, brine, lubricating oil, steam, air,
and other fluids. Converts measured values into 4 to 20 mA DC electric
signals.

2.1.9.2. User Terminal Devices

User terminal shall have a temperature sensing element built-in and
functions as a sensor and a remote controller. User can set On/Off
control of devices, temperature setting, and other controls of air
conditioning equipment. LCD display will indicate the status of
equipment and setting value and present value of temperature.
Use modular connectors for easy installation. This device shall be
connectable to DDC controllers such as Fan Coil Controller, VAV unit
controller, and AHU controller.

2.1.9.3. Electric Actuators and Control Valves

A. Electric Valve Actuator
Actuators for motorized control valve shall support several control
signals as follows;
- Nominal 135 ohm feedback potentiometer
- Nominal resistance 135 ohm input
- 4 mA DC to 20 mA DC input
- 2 V DC to 10 V DC input

B. Control Valve
Supplier shall provide the Control valve with the body materials as stated
below;
- FC200: Gray cast iron
- SCS13A: Stainless steel
- FCD450: Ductile cast iron
 12

Guide Specifications for HVAC

Diameter nominal size shall range from DN15 to DN150.

C. Motorized Control Valve

Provide the valve which electric actuator and its valve body shall be
integrated in a single unit.

D. Motorized Control Valve with Flow Measurement and Control

Functions
Provide the valve which electric actuator and its valve body shall be
integrated in a single unit.
The control valve shall control flow rate not by valve opening but by flow
rate calculated by the measured value from built-in pressure sensor and
Cv.
The control valve comes with built-in pressure sensor and temperature
sensor. The built-in pressure sensor ranges from 0 to 10 MPa at the
accuracy of ±0.1% FS for 7-17°C or 45-65°C and ±0.5% FS for other
conditions. The built-in temperature sensor ranges from 0 to 100°C at
the accuracy of ±1°C.

E. Electric Damper Actuator:

A motorized actuator to open and close a damper. The actuator is
provided on and off control or floating control in response to a command
from a controller. Combined with an auxiliary potentiometer will enable
the actuator proportional control in response to a command from a
proportional controller.
The damper actuator shall have the torque at the rated voltage of 20Nm
and holding torque of 16Nm.
Operating time is approximately 15 seconds.

F. Electric Damper Actuator:

A motorized actuator to open and close a damper. The actuator is
provided on and off control or floating control in response to a command
from a controller. Combined with an auxiliary potentiometer will enable
 13

Guide Specifications for HVAC

2.2. SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

2.2.1. Software Requirements for BMS
BMS shall include the application software for management, monitoring,
and controls.

2.2.2. User Management

System shall be secured its access by user IDs and passwords. User
Management function shall be the one manages the passwords and
user IDs. Administrator shall be able to set the access rights of both
browsing and operation for each function and the point operation level
according to the user ID.
This function shall be able to register up to 200 user IDs. Normally,
user authentification shall be performed by user ID and password.
User shall also be authentificated by registering the IP address of Client
PC. It is possible to set up to 4 client PCs for 1 user ID. Password
shall be able to set within 36 alphanumeric characters. User shall be
able to change the password anytime.
Screen access rights to display and operate shall be set by user.
Operation level, alarm, and buzzer shall be able to set by segregation.

2.2.2.1. Log Output

Records and displays all the operating logs carried out by user in list.
Items to be recorded and displayed are:
- Date (YYYY/MM/DD) at the time of operation
- Time (hours, minutes, and seconds) at the time of operation
- IP address of Client PC
- User ID
Operation type such as displaying, setting, printing, change of display,
and canceling, button name to be clicked, dialog box name to be opened,
contents of operation,
contents of inputs and setting, device ID, point ID, point name, program
name, and operation failed or not.
Maximum storable logs are up to 1,000,000 logs. Operation logs shall
be able to output in CSV file format and save in Client PC.

2.2.3. Graphic
Displays the status of each facility targeted for management in graphic
formats such as floor plan, cross section and schematic diagram. User
is possible to perform the equipment's ON/OFF operation and setpoint
change operation, and to display the trending graph and individual
 14

Guide Specifications for HVAC

equipment schedule.
The graphic displays present the status of each piece of equipment to be
controlled in graphical forms such as floor plans, cross sections or
schematic diagrams. Starts/stops equipment, changes setting, displays
historical trend and individual equipment schedule. The displays can be
enlarged and reduced at a desired magnification using SVG supporting
magnification at browser. Up to 1,000 graphical displays can be
assigned to the system.
A dynamic element placed on a static element of equipment or floor
indicates the status of a point by changing the color of the symbol or
displaying the numerical value of analog/totalizer point. The dynamic
element can also lead operators to another graphic display. Up to 200
dynamic elements can be displayed on a screen.
The types of dynamic elements (points + screen transition) are shown
below:
- Digital color change
- Digital shape change
- Analog numerical value display
- Animation
- Live wire display
- Graphic display selection
- Screen call
- Screen transition
- Picture scanner read display
User shall be able to modify or revise the graphic using Graphic
Generator software which generates user-defined graphics and gives
facility to edit the screen in the event of any change in the application
environment such as partition or room name of the building.

2.2.4. Group List

Lists groups for the user to manage the Points easily. In addition to the
system group list that is already listed, there is the user group list that
can be set by the user optionally.
It is possible to carry out batch ON/OFF command and batch settings
change for each group. Servers shall have a capability of redundant
system.

2.2.5. Alarm
If any alarm occurs, the system automatically processes the alarm.
The system notifies the alarm via buzzer sounds. BMS shall display
the latest alarm and brink indicators. The operation of the latest alarm
 15

Guide Specifications for HVAC

display, buzzer sounds and the Alarm Dashboard can be specified by

the segregation pattern of the Segregation setting. Four types of alarm
sounds are available for each alarm level.
The following alarm events are available.
<Points>
- Alarm input
- Unmatched command (Failure of start/stop of start/stop points, status
- unmatched)
- Analog high/low limit alarm
- Sensor error
- Trouble
- Totalized value increase error
- Control alarm (Power demand target value exceeded, etc.)
<System>
- Component alarm (bus trouble, line status, error, remote unit no
response)
- Power demand alarm, power failure alarm, fire alarm

Specify the following alarm level for each alarm point.

- Emergency alarm
- Major alarm
- Moderate alarm
- Minor alarm

2.2.5.1. Alarm Dashboard

Displays the information about change of status and alarm occurrence
traditionally printed on a message printer. Only the required
information can be extracted and displayed by narrowing search to
all/alarm/operation setting/unacknowledged alarm records or searching
information by a desired text string. Comments can also be entered if
any. The accumulated data can be saved to the desired media (hard
disk/USB memory, etc.) of a Client PC in a CSV format file. The data
shall be displayed in PDF file to realize paper-less operations.

The information displayed on the Alarm Dashboard is as follows:

- Point alarm
- Control alarm
- Device alarm
- Remote unit alarm
- Point operation
- Point change of status
 16

Guide Specifications for HVAC

When an alarm occurs in logged-in status, the alarm is notified by the

buzzer sound, updated New Alarm display, and indicator blinking based
on the alarm. Also, alarm occurrence and recovery will be recorded in
Alarm Dashboard irrespective of login status.
Buzzer sound has kinds of tones in each alarm level. Alarm is also
given as an appropriate voice announcement when an alarm occurs.

2.2.5.2. Alarm Notification via E-mail or SMS

Alarms shall be notified to the PC or mobile terminal of building
administrator through E-mail or Short Message Service. Alarm
notification supports alarm confirmation operation in places far away
from the client PC.

2.2.6. Device/Remote Unit Status Monitoring

Based on the device/remote unit status monitoring function, the status of
system servers, system controllers, and filed controllers is constantly
monitored. Whenever a trouble is found, and alarm is notified with the
buzzer sound, and so on.

2.2.7. Trending
Trending function graphically displays time-series variation in measured
point data such as power and temperature, time series changes of
power operation status (ON/OFF), and totalized data are stored for a
fixed period of time and displayed on trend graph (broken line) and bar
graph (bar graph/laminated graph).
User shall also display up to 8 different scales of graph all at once. 4
axes each are displayed on both left and right side of the trending graph.
Trend shall be able to display up to 8 points per sheet and 400 sheets
maximum. Displayable points are ON/OFF, Status, Measured, Setpoint,
and Tantalization.
Data of 1 minute cycle shall be able to be displayed for up to 40 days.
Data of 1 hour cycle is stored for the past 13 months. Data of 1 day
cycle is stored for the past 10 years. Data of 1 month cycle is stored for
the past 10 years.
Displayable graph types are broken line, bar, laminated, combination of
broken line and bar graph, combination of broken line and laminated
graph.

2.2.7.1. Real Time Trending

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Guide Specifications for HVAC

In addition to the trending function, the real time trending shall also be
selectable. Collects and stores the data of points that are targeted for
real time data collection, and then displays obtained results as broken
line graph. The latest data shall be collected all the time. Meanwhile,
in “Specific” method, there are two data collection methods, namely a
method to collect the point data when status change has occurred on
digital point and a method to collect the point data by setting start
time/end time. It can be set in either one of these. Collected point
data shall be displayed as real time trending graph. It shall be able to
display and print the real time trending graph as numeric data. The
points targeted for real time data collection and the information about the
collection conditions set by the user in client PC will be set in real time
data collection file. The real time data collection file reflects the
information to Server for System Management and Advanced Building
Controller through update function.
Minimum data collection cycle for real time trending is 1 second and
usual trending collects and displays in 15 minutes interval.

2.2.8. Report
Measured values and totalized values are displayed on the screen, and
the daily report of electricity and air-conditioning operations are prepared.
User shall be able to output daily report either automatically or manually
in PDF format (print image) which realize paper-less operation.
2.2.8.1. Daily Report
Daily reports for the last 40 days including the current day can be
displayed and printed manually. Daily report displayed on the screen
can be output in CSV format as well.
Printable data are the following 3 data.
- Hourly report data
contains 1-minute values totalized for 1 hour (totalized value) OR
selected value among; max./min./average value of 1-minute values for
1 hour and on-the-hour value (measured value)
- Daily report data
contains 1-hour values totalized for 1 day (for the current day and for
previous day) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max., min.,
av., and reading values of 1-hour values for 1 day. (Specify the values
necessary to print.)
- Monthly report data
contains 1-day value totalized for 1 month (to the current day of the
month from the following day of the previous month, to the current day
of the previous month from the following day of the two months
previous) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max., min., and av.
values of 1-day values for 1 month. (Specify the values necessary to
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

print. Monthly report data is printed out after the daily report data is
printed.)
Monthly report can be output either automatically or manually in PDF
format (print image).

2.2.8.2. Monthly Report

Monthly reports for the last 13 months including the current month can
be displayed and printed manually at your convenience. Monthly report
displayed on the screen can be output in CSV format as well.
Printable data are following 3 data as a monthly report.
- Daily report data
contains 1-hour values totalized for 1 day and load factor (totalized
value only) OR selected value among; max./min./average value of
1-hour values for 1 day.
- Monthly report data
contains 1-day values totalized for 1 month (for the current month and
for the previous month) and load factor (totalized value only) AND
max., min., and av. values of 1-day values for 1 month. (Specify the
values necessary to print. Monthly report data is printed out after the
daily report data is printed.)
- Yearly report data
contains 1-month values totalized for 1 year (to the current month of
the year from the following month of the previous year, to the current
month of the previous year from the following month of the two years
previous) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max., min., and av.
values of 1-month values for 1 year. (Specify the values necessary
to print. Yearly report data is printed out after the monthly report data
is printed.)
Yearly report can be output either automatically or manually in PDF
format (print image).

2.2.8.3. Yearly Report

Yearly reports for the last 10 years including the current year can be
displayed and printed manually at your convenience. Yearly report
displayed on the screen can be output in CSV format as well.
Printable data are the following 2 data as a yearly report.
- Monthly report data
contains 1-day values totalized for 1 month and load factor (totalized
value only) OR selected value among; max./min./average value of
1-day values for 1 month.
- Yearly report data
contains 1-month values totalized for 1 year (for the current year and
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

for the previous year) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max.,
min., and av. values of 1-month values for 1 year. (Specify the values
necessary to print. Yearly report data is printed out after the monthly
report data is printed.)

2.2.8.4. Editable Report Format

Report format is editable freely by users if required. User shall be able
to change, add and delete ruled lines, and insert merged cell to match
the requirement of each project. BMS shall switch the report format
when locale is changed.

2.2.9. Runtime Monitoring and On/Off Counting

This function shall be used to display the equipment that exceeds a
certain value of runtime/on-off cycle count, in the Maintenance
Notification screen, and activates the judgment of equipment inspection
and replacement time.
User shall be able to maintain and replace the equipment in the building
at regular intervals, prevent the breakdown of the equipment, and
thereby control the maintenance cost.
It is possible to generate and displays the PDF file as maintenance
monitoring report with the information of all equipment or the equipment
that exceeds the monitoring targeted value. The PDF file can be
printed manually anytime using a printer.
Up to 50 groups and 100 points per group shall be monitored and
counted.
This function counts total time and elapsed time up to 999,999 hours.

2.2.10. Overtime Running

Overtime running means the extra running of the equipment based on
the operation requested from the user operable equipment or client PC,
in other than the time slot (core time) that is set in advance. Receiving
of request, count of actual runtime and printing are carried out in the
overtime running management.

2.2.11. Meter Reading

Automatically collects the overtime runtime data and the meter-reading
value of meters measuring power, water supply, gas, and so on.
Calculates the consumption month wise.
In addition, it detects and modifies abnormal value after meter-reading
and outputs the list of meter-reading results.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

Maximum data points available are 3000 meters including 1,500 actual
meters and 1,500 logical meters.
Up to 50 types of Meter shall be assignable. This function handles up
to 400 tenants.
Maximum totalization point shall be 1,500 meters. Overtime runtime is
1,000 request units maximum.
Automatic meter-reading shall be able to set once a month. Operator
shall read meter manually anytime.
Meter reading record shall be saved in CSV format and output anytime
operator requests.

2.2.12. Time Program Control

Automatically starts or stops the equipment at the preset time. For the
weekly schedule (that is the base schedule for each day of the week
throughout the year) and the priority schedule (that can be used for
holiday settings, etc.), it is possible to set up to 8 times operation and the
time a day.
Based on the weekly schedule, priority schedule, and calendar*1
settings, the execution schedule for the next 1 week from the current
date can be created for starting or stopping the equipment.
Further, it is possible for the user to specify name for time programs.
Time programs shall be able to display all the on/off time settings of time
programs in list.

2.2.13. Schedule Composition

Interlocks multiple Time Programs into 1 schedule and write it in a
specified Time Program. It shall be convenient to create a schedule
using this function based on the time program of each tenant, for
common utility areas (such as entrance hall) used by many tenants.
Compose up to 10 sub-programs per Advanced Building Controller and
up to 10 time programs per sub-program.

2.2.14. Event Program

Automatically performs interlock operation for multiple facilities such as
AHU and lighting inside the building, along the predetermined
conditions.
It is possible to take a common emergency action and reduce the load to
run each facility by specifying the link and related operation between
multiple facilities, such as run pattern/run sequence of facilities and
counter measures during alarm, in advance.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

2.2.15. Energy Saving Applications

BMS shall have the applications designed for Energy-saving control.
The applications include control software such as Optimum Start/Stop
Control, Chiller Optimum Start/Stop Control, Duty Cycle Control, Power
Demand Control, VAV Control, and VWV Control.

2.2.15.1. Optimum Start/Stop Control

This function estimates the attribute of temperature raise/fall for HVAC
start/stop and performs the optimum start/stop control of Air Handling
Units to avoid unnecessary runtime. Up to 50 subsystems shall be able
to control under Advanced Building Controller. This function output the
optimum timing of start/stop command based on the time program in
which measured room temperature and control equipment are assigned.

2.2.15.2. Chiller Optimum Start/Stop Control

This function refers to the estimated optimum start/stop time based on
the optimum start/stop control for AHU, and starts the chiller plant "x"
minutes earlier than the optimum start time of the earliest AHU and stops
the chiller plant "y" minutes earlier than the optimum stop time of the
latest AHU, within the same chiller plant system. Up to 4 types of
start/stop holding time shall be able to set per subprogram.

2.2.15.3. Duty Cycle Control

This function calculates the optimum stop time of Packaged Air
Conditioning units etc. while maintaining a comfortable temperature
environment, and reduces thermal energy/electrical energy by
performing duty cycle control up to 20 subsystems per Advanced
Building Controller and up to 20 points per subsystem. This function
stops and recovers the equipment based on the measured room
temperature.

2.2.15.4. Power Demand Control

This function supports 2 types of power contracts; Actual and Demand,
to cover a variety of power contract systems that may differ depending
on countries. Power demand control function estimates the usage of
power at intervals, decides the necessity of interruption/recovery, and
interrupts/recovers the equipment according to the capacity required.
BMS stores the power demand control results as history and displays
the targeted value and demand value.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

Further, it is possible to save the day's data and month's data of power
demand in the optional media (hard disk, USB memory, etc.) of the client
PC, in CSV format.

2.2.16. Power Failure & Restoration Control

During power failure, if Server for System Management, Server for Data
Storage, and Advanced Building Controller are backed up with UPS,
alarm notification shall be given through buzzer sound, blinking of the
power failure icon, and new alarm display. During this stage, outputs
except fire process event program output, power failure event output,
and output made by manual operation are withheld.
When detecting the startup of the generator, startup is output one by one
in the points registered in the generator registration order list. Outputs
other than fire process event program output, power failure event output,
and output made by manual operation are withheld.
Power restoration program shall be able to start up when detecting
commercial power restoration. At this time, since output is done for
ON/OFF point in the same way as before power failure occurrence and
also the output that was withheld during power failure is output, it is
possible to move back automatically to the original status. Selecting
automatic/manual startup and specifying the point order of power
restoration is possible for power restoration program.

2.2.17. Generator Load Distribution Control

When the generator for an emergency purpose is operated during power
failure, this function keeps the power load. If the instantaneous value of
the generator load exceeds the desired value set beforehand, excess
power is cutoff from units in order of low-priority level. On the other
hand if it is low, power is connected to the units in order of priority level.

2.2.18. VAV Control

Provide the VAV control application which optimizes the supply air
temperature and pressure of AHU including VSD control of AHU fan.
The application shall have the function to optimize the pressure loss of
duct to reduce energy consumption of fan.
Provide the function that optimizes supply air temperature to satisfy each
zone temperature condition.

2.2.19. VWV Control

VWV stands for Variable Water Volume. This application shall be a part
of energy saving applications for heating/cooling source delivery
 23

Guide Specifications for HVAC

systems. VWV shall control the running speed of secondary water

delivery pumps in Chiller Plant to maintain the supply water pressure in
certain level by means of all AHUs’ differential pressure. Enables
power of the delivery pump to be reduced significantly without the
decrease of HVAC performance.
VWV control requires motorized control valve with differential pressure
sensor to detect the differential pressures of all AHUs.
VWV control consists of three programs such as demand calculation per
program, pressure setpoint calculation, and energy saving effect
calculation.
Demand calculation per program calculates the demand level of each
program of a maximum of 30 AHUs with the same control level.
Setpoint calculation determines the setpoint change request for chiller
plant equipment. The pressure setpoint is calculated based on the
setpoint change request.
Energy saving effect calculation calculates the energy saving effect as a
result of VWV control.

2.2.19. DDC Software

Provide DDC software which freely programmable and modifiable by
system engineers. System Engineer shall be able to create or modify
control software for multipurpose controller through field engineering
tools. By entering necessary parameters and wiring output and input of
each software module, control software for certain HVAC applications
shall be created.

2.2.20. Chiller Plant Control Packaged Controller

Chiller Plant Control Packaged Controller is a direct digital controller
(DDC) specifically designed for sequential control of chiller plant
equipment of building HVAC systems. This controller carries out
energy-saving control including the optimization of multiple chillers and
other chiller plant units in response to the air conditioning load. User
can change the setting of control sequence through operator interface
equipped with the controller. Not only the pre-programmed sequence,
but also the user-determined programmed control is also available for
Chiller plant control.
Operator shall be able to switch automatic/manual operation by
communicating with host system. Manual operation takes highest
priority for all the control sequences.
Group command is executed by communicating with the host BMS or
operating interface.
Daytime or nighttime mode can be switched by communicating with host
 24

Guide Specifications for HVAC

system. The switchover between daytime and nighttime modes

changes the operating sequences, maximum number of running chillers,
and load at startup.
Operator shall be able o switch cooling/heating mode by communicating
with host BMS or operating interface. The switchover between cooling
and heating also changes the operating sequences, maximum number
of running chillers, and load at startup.
Operating sequence has several types such as normal sequence,
sequence with base unit changeover, rotation, and operator program.
Normal sequence fixes the order of chiller or pump. Sequence with
base unit changeover performs the sequential control but base unit is
changed so as to avoid too much load for base unit.
Rotation mode is a method for averaging each chiller runtime. The
operating sequence of he chillers are sequentially shifted so that the
chiller which has been stopped for the longest period is started first and
the chiller which has been running for the longest period is stopped first.
Operator shall be able to program the operation sequence. This
method is useful when the capacity of chillers or pumps to be controlled
differs; operator is possible to assign desired sequence.

2.2.21 Software Requirements for Security System

Security System shall include the application software for management,
monitoring, and controls.

2.2.22 Room Data Process

Room is considered to be the smallest unit in the building, which is
segmented to perform the security status changeover (alert/non alert)
and access user management in Security System. Multiple
registrations of data points required for controlling and monitoring shall
be being performed in one room.
In this system, each room is registered in Access Controller, and then
the controller performs access management control for those rooms.
Consequently, when there are several card readers in a single room,
access management control will be executed simultaneously for all the
card readers in the room. In Figure 1 of “Room setting example”, security
changeover can be made from either one of the 2 card readers.

2.2.23 Access User Management

Access user management manages the user information that is used for
accessing the buildings and rooms. It includes the operation of user
registration, deletion, display based on various search conditions, setting
the information and copying the attributes.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

User access operation becomes possible by distributing the user

information created in the center to the remote.
Up to 100,000 users shall be manageable. User information shall
include access information and personal information as stated below.

Access Information
- Department ID
- User No.
- Card data
- Card type
- Registration status
- Entry allowed room/group
- Validity period
- PIN
- Close rights
- 1st entry rights
- Last exit rights
- Pass back rights.

Personal Information
- Name
- Nickname
- Division (up to 2 divisions manageable)
- Gender
- Date of Birth
- Age (calculated automatically from the date of birth)
- Notes (up to 5 notes memorable)

2.2.24 Log Output

Records and displays all the operating logs carried out by user in list.
Items to be recorded and displayed are:
- Date (YYYY/MM/DD) at the time of operation
- Time (hours, minutes, and seconds) at the time of operation
- IP address of Client PC
- User ID
Operation type such as displaying, setting, printing, change of display,
and canceling, button name to be clicked, dialog box name to be opened,
contents of operation,
contents of inputs and setting, device ID, point ID, point name, program
name, and operation failed or not.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

Maximum storable logs are up to 1,000,000 logs. Operation logs shall

be able to output in CSV file format and save in Client PC.

2.2.25. Graphic
Displays the status of each facility targeted for management in graphic
formats such as floor plan, cross section and schematic diagram. User
is possible to perform the equipment's ON/OFF operation and setpoint
change operation, and to display the trending graph and individual
equipment schedule.
The graphic displays present the status of each piece of equipment to be
controlled in graphical forms such as floor plans, cross sections or
schematic diagrams. Starts/stops equipment, changes setting, displays
historical trend and individual equipment schedule. The displays can be
enlarged and reduced at a desired magnification using SVG supporting
magnification at browser. Up to 1,000 graphical displays can be
assigned to the system.
A dynamic element placed on a static element of equipment or floor
indicates the status of a point by changing the color of the symbol or
displaying the numerical value of analog/totalizer point. The dynamic
element can also lead operators to another graphic display. Up to 200
dynamic elements can be displayed on a screen.
The types of dynamic elements (points + screen transition) are shown
below:
- Digital color change
- Digital shape change
- Analog numerical value display
- Animation
- Live wire display
- Graphic display selection
- Screen call
- Screen transition
- Picture scanner read display
User shall be able to modify or revise the graphic using Graphic
Generator software which generates user-defined graphics and gives
facility to edit the screen in the event of any change in the application
environment such as partition or room name of the building.

2.2.26. Group List

Lists groups for the user to manage the Points easily. In addition to the
system group list that is already listed, there is the user group list that
can be set by the user optionally.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

It is possible to carry out batch ON/OFF command and batch settings

change for each group. Servers shall have a capability of redundant
system.

2.2.27. Alarm
If any alarm occurs, the system automatically processes the alarm.
The system notifies the alarm via buzzer sounds. BMS shall display
the latest alarm and brink indicators. The operation of the latest alarm
display, buzzer sounds and the Alarm Dashboard can be specified by
the segregation pattern of the Segregation setting. Four types of alarm
sounds are available for each alarm level.
The following alarm events are available.
<Points>
- Alarm input
- Unmatched command (Failure of start/stop of start/stop points, status
- unmatched)
- Analog high/low limit alarm
- Sensor error
- Trouble
- Totalized value increase error
- Control alarm (Power demand target value exceeded, etc.)
<System>
- Component alarm (bus trouble, line status, error, remote unit no
response)
- Power demand alarm, power failure alarm, fire alarm

Specify the following alarm level for each alarm point.

- Emergency alarm
- Major alarm
- Moderate alarm
- Minor alarm

2.2.27.1 Security Alarm Dashboard

Displays the information about change of status and alarm occurrence
traditionally printed on a message printer. Only the required
information can be extracted and displayed by narrowing search to
all/alarm/operation setting/unacknowledged alarm records or searching
information by a desired text string. Comments can also be entered if
any. The accumulated data can be saved to the desired media (hard
disk/USB memory, etc.) of a Client PC in a CSV format file. The data
shall be displayed in PDF file to realize paper-less operations.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

The information displayed on the Alarm Dashboard is as follows:

- Point alarm
- Control alarm
- Device alarm
- Remote unit alarm
- Point operation
- Point change of status

When an alarm occurs in logged-in status, the alarm is notified by the

buzzer sound, updated New Alarm display, and indicator blinking based
on the alarm. Also, alarm occurrence and recovery will be recorded in
Alarm Dashboard irrespective of login status.
Buzzer sound has kinds of tones in each alarm level. Alarm is also
given as an appropriate voice announcement when an alarm occurs.

2.2.27.2 Alarm Notification via E-mail or SMS

Alarms shall be notified to the PC or mobile terminal of building
administrator through E-mail or Short Message Service. Alarm
notification supports alarm confirmation operation in places far away
from the client PC.

2.2.28. Device/Remote Unit Status Monitoring

Based on the device/remote unit status monitoring function, the status of
system servers, system controllers, and filed controllers is constantly
monitored. Whenever a trouble is found, and alarm is notified with the
buzzer sound, and so on.

2.2.29. Report
Measured values and totalized values are displayed on the screen, and
the daily report of electricity and air-conditioning operations are prepared.
User shall be able to output daily report either automatically or manually
in PDF format (print image) which realize paper-less operation.
2.2.29.1. Daily Report
Daily reports for the last 40 days including the current day can be
displayed and printed manually. Daily report displayed on the screen
can be output in CSV format as well.
Printable data are the following 3 data.
- Hourly report data
contains 1-minute values totalized for 1 hour (totalized value) OR
 29

Guide Specifications for HVAC

selected value among; max./min./average value of 1-minute values for

1 hour and on-the-hour value (measured value)
- Daily report data
contains 1-hour values totalized for 1 day (for the current day and for
previous day) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max., min.,
av., and reading values of 1-hour values for 1 day. (Specify the values
necessary to print.)
- Monthly report data
contains 1-day value totalized for 1 month (to the current day of the
month from the following day of the previous month, to the current day
of the previous month from the following day of the two months
previous) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max., min., and av.
values of 1-day values for 1 month. (Specify the values necessary to
print. Monthly report data is printed out after the daily report data is
printed.)
Monthly report can be output either automatically or manually in PDF
format (print image).

2.2.29.2. Monthly Report

Monthly reports for the last 13 months including the current month can
be displayed and printed manually at your convenience. Monthly report
displayed on the screen can be output in CSV format as well.
Printable data are following 3 data as a monthly report.
- Daily report data
contains 1-hour values totalized for 1 day and load factor (totalized
value only) OR selected value among; max./min./average value of
1-hour values for 1 day.
- Monthly report data
contains 1-day values totalized for 1 month (for the current month and
for the previous month) and load factor (totalized value only) AND
max., min., and av. values of 1-day values for 1 month. (Specify the
values necessary to print. Monthly report data is printed out after the
daily report data is printed.)
- Yearly report data
contains 1-month values totalized for 1 year (to the current month of
the year from the following month of the previous year, to the current
month of the previous year from the following month of the two years
previous) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max., min., and av.
values of 1-month values for 1 year. (Specify the values necessary
to print. Yearly report data is printed out after the monthly report data
is printed.)
Yearly report can be output either automatically or manually in PDF
format (print image).
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

2.2.29.3. Yearly Report

Yearly reports for the last 10 years including the current year can be
displayed and printed manually at your convenience. Yearly report
displayed on the screen can be output in CSV format as well.
Printable data are the following 2 data as a yearly report.
- Monthly report data
contains 1-day values totalized for 1 month and load factor (totalized
value only) OR selected value among; max./min./average value of
1-day values for 1 month.
- Yearly report data
contains 1-month values totalized for 1 year (for the current year and
for the previous year) and load factor (totalized value only) AND max.,
min., and av. values of 1-month values for 1 year. (Specify the values
necessary to print. Yearly report data is printed out after the monthly
report data is printed.)

2.2.29.4. Editable Report Format

Report format is editable freely by users if required. User shall be able
to change, add and delete ruled lines, and insert merged cell to match
the requirement of each project. BMS shall switch the report format
when locale is changed.

2.2.30. Security Card Data Import

Provide the function that imports the security card data items in CSV
format.
- User No.
- Card data
- User Name
- User Nickname
- 2 Divisions of organization
- Gender
- Birthday
- 5 Notes
- All room rights
- Rights pattern
- Rights index
- Rights index for area
- Rights index for room
- Close mode privilege
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

- 1st entry privilege

- Last exit privilege
- Passback privilege
- State of registration
- Start date of valid term
- End date of valid term
- Number of card issue
- Department ID

2.2.31. Security Card Data Export

Provide the function that exports the security card data items in CSV
format.
- User No.
- Card data
- User Name
- User Nickname
- 2 Divisions of organization
- Gender
- Birthday
- 5 Notes
- All room rights
- Rights pattern
- Access rights index
- Access rights index for area
- Access rights index for room
- Access rights index for room name
- Close mode privilege
- 1st entry privilege
- Last exit privilege
- Passback privilege
- State of registration
- Start date of valid term
- End date of valid term
- Number of card issue
- Department ID
- Department Name

2.2.32. Personal Photo Image Import

Provide the function that imports the photo image of card user, and to
display it in the screen. By checking the screen display, it is possible to
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

confirm the identity of the card holder in case he or she loses the card,
etc. The image data can be imported from the media on to the drive
connected to the client PC in JPEG image. It is possible to specify the
source folder for importing. that exports the security card data items in
CSV format.

2.2.33. Scope Management

Scope management function is used while registering/changing/deleting
or referring to records of the access user information for each
department (or tenant). Management range and reference range will
be restricted based on the category setup. In other words, administrator
of each department (Tenant) can register, delete, refer to access history
and perform occupant display, etc. towards only access users whose
categories are the same as his or her own category. Accordingly, if log
in is performed through the administrator ID and password, subsequent
operation and screen display will be automatically restricted by judging
the category of the administrator who logged in.

2.2.34. Local Anti-passback Control

Provide the function of Local Anti-passback Control. This function is
used to compare the Card Reader type (Entry Reader or Exit Reader)
with occupancy status (IN when the entry reader verification is OK and
OUT in case of exit reader verification is OK) and perform access
management without any logical discrepancy. With this function, it is
possible to prevent the unauthorized access such as "Card sharing" and
"Unauthorized accompanying" and manage the occupancy more strictly.
Local Anti-passback Control is the control made on a per-controller basis
and it cannot perform logical judgment across rooms. To perform
controls across multiple doors or rooms, use Global Anti-passback.

2.2.35. Global Anti-passback Control

As a result of card reader operation, Global Anti-passback function
allows the access if the card actually belongs to that particular zone and
disallows the access if it belongs to other zones. In other words, it judges
whether the correct individual is residing in the zone and carries out a
proper access management without any logical discrepancy. With this
function, it is possible to prevent the unauthorized access such as "Card
sharing" and "Unauthorized accompanying" and manage the occupancy
more strictly. Further, trouble such as system communication failure that
affects this control may occur. By considering these cases, it is possible
to set in advance, whether the flexibility or security should be given
importance like “Allow all users at the time of trouble” or “Emphasize the
security even at the time of trouble” in accordance with the operation
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

level.

2.3. SYSTEM INTEGRATION

2.3.1. BACnet Conformance
BMS and its components shall comply with BACnet IP as its
communication protocol for open system integration. System servers
shall be able to communicate with third-party BACnet devices.

2.3.2. LonMark Conformance

BMS shall have the product conformance by LonMark International®.
Advanced Building Controller communicates with DDCs using LonTalk
protocol.

2.3.3. Modbus
BMS shall be connectable through Modbus protocol. Equipment such
as power meters, power monitoring systems, chillers or lighting systems
using Modbus protocol can be monitored by the central BMS.
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Guide Specifications for HVAC

3. EXECUTION
3.1. EXAMINATION
3.1.1. General
System architecture of BMS is based on the Server-client system. All
the information and data is stored in System Servers. Client PC is used
solely for browsing the contents of stored in server.

3.1.2. Installation
Installation must be carried out by following manufacture’s instructions.
Installer must provide all the attachments, hardware, software,
interconnections, and miscellaneous devices required to install the
components.

3.1.3. Test & Commissioning

On site test & commissioning of whole Building Automation System must
be carried out by well-trained engineers with more than 3 years
experiences and trained at least 40 hours by BMS manufactures.