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SD-1.5.4-Bulbous Bow Design PDF
SD-1.5.4-Bulbous Bow Design PDF
Ship Design I
Manuel Ventura
Historical Origin
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Bulbous Bow
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Bulbous Bow in Japan
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Evolution of the
Bulb
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Systems of Waves from the Ship
Wave Resistance
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Usage of the Bulb
• The bulbous bow, by changing the entrance angles of the waterlines and the
volume distribution, represents an effective mean of reducing the wave
resistance
• Some authors (Wigley) limit the usefulness of the bulb to the interval
0.238 ≤ Fn ≤ 0.563
• The bulb shape must be adjusted to the design conditions:
– Generally at low speeds the effect of the bulb is negative. When the
Froude Number (FN) increases, its effect becomes positive and
increases up to a maximum value.
– From this point upwards, when the FN tends to the infinity, the effect
of the bulb tends to zero.
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Bulb Geometry (1)
LPR Length
C LPR =
LPP Coefficient
ZB Height
C ZB = Coefficient
TFP
VPR Volumetric
CVPR =
∇ Coefficient
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Bulb Geometry (3)
MIN MAX
CABT 0.064 0.122
CABL 0.068 0.146
CVPR 0.0011 0.00272
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Types of Bulb Sections (2)
Elliptical
Taylor bulbs Circular
Examples More common
Pear shaped bulbs Cylindrical
Lens shaped
“V” shaped hulls
“U” shaped hulls Clearly defined
“U” or “V”
Application Large variations loaded and
shaped hulls
of draught ballasted
draughts
Less
More susceptible
Observations susceptible of
of slamming
slamming
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• Addition Bulbs
– The bulb shape is completely
independent from the hull
shape
– Typically there is a knuckle
resulting from the intersection
of the bulb and the hull
• Implicit Bulbs
– Sectional Area Curve is
changed, part of the volume of
the bulb is distributed aft of
the FWD PP
– No knuckles required
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Bulb Design (1)
Length Coefficient
• Bulb for Ballast Condition
C LPR = 0.1811 ⋅ C B ⋅ B + 0.0074
LPP
• In the range of values 0.22 < FN < 1.45 the section area at
FP can be related to the Froude number by the expression
C ABT = 40 ⋅ FN − 3.5
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Bulb Design (3)
Calc Cbb Bb
Design load condition
Similar ship
Calc Clpr Lpr
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Advantages of the Bulbous Bow (1)
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Aspects of the Initial Bulb Design
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Bulb Hydrodynamic Analysis
• The bulb that reduces the most the fuel needed for the
required operational profile shall be the one selected
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Optimization of the Bulb with CFD (2)
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• The figure shows two different bulbs, the one PS much larger than
the SB.
• The contours on the hull represent the gradients of the dynamic
pressure
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Non-Linear Analysis do Potential Flow (2)
• It can be concluded from the figure that the side of the smallest
bulb has larger crests and deeper caves, resulting in a larger
resistance
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Bulbs in Merchant Ships (1)
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Bulbs in Merchant Ships (3)
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Simplified Bulb Shapes (1)
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Simplified Bulb Shapes (3)
Bulb integrated and bulb of addition, with knuckle, avoiding a stem with a
component in cast steel (Lamb, 1986 ).
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Bulbs in Small Craft (1)
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Design for Construction
Distribution of plates
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Adding a Bulb
Addition of bulb to a
pleasure craft in composite
material
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Bibliography (1)
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Bibliography (2)
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Bibliography (3)
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Annex A. Some Bulb Design Patents
• A novel bulbous bow for bulk carriers comprises a conical bulb with
a faired nose, with the axis of the cone substantially parallel to the
longitudinal axis of the ship.
• In a preferred embodiment the cone is a right circular cone and
the faired nose is substantially a hemisphere. More particularly,
the included angle of the cone is in the range of five to twenty
degrees.
• Although the cone could be faired into the hull, preferably it is not.
• The longitudinal centerline of the bulb is located between 45 and
60 percent of the design draft below the design waterline.
• The preferred extension of the bulb, beyond the forward
perpendicular, is proportional to the square of design speed with
the proportionality factor in the range of 0.015 to 0.04 and
preferably 0.035.
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Conical Bulbous Bow (2)
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Bulb Construction (2)
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Bulb for Navigation in Ice (1)
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