GATE EE - Vol 1 - Sample Chapter PDF

GATE
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
Vol 1 of 4
Second Edition
GATE
Vol 1 of 4
RK Kanodia
Ashish Murolia
NODIA & COMPANY

GATE Electrical Engineering Vol 1, 2e
RK Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY
Information contained in this book has been obtained by author, from sources believes to be reliable. However,
neither NODIA & COMPANY nor its author guarantee the accuracy or completeness of any information herein,
and NODIA & COMPANY nor its author shall be responsible for any error, omissions, or damages arising out of
use of this information. This book is published with the understanding that NODIA & COMPANY and its author
are supplying information but are not attempting to render engineering or other professional services.
MRP 590.00
NODIA & COMPANY

B  8, Dhanshree Ist, Central Spine, Vidyadhar Nagar, Jaipur  302039
Ph : +91  141  2101150,
www.nodia.co.in
email : enquiry@nodia.co.in
Printed by Nodia and Company, Jaipur

SYLLABUS
GENERAL ABILITY
Verbal Ability : English grammar, sentence completion, verbal analogies, word groups,
instructions, critical reasoning and verbal deduction.
Numerical Ability : Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and

data interpretation.
ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS
Linear Algebra: Matrix Algebra, Systems of linear equations, Eigen values and eigen vectors.
Calculus: Mean value theorems, Theorems of integral calculus, Evaluation of definite and
improper integrals, Partial Derivatives, Maxima and minima, Multiple integrals, Fourier series.
Vector identities, Directional derivatives, Line, Surface and Volume integrals, Stokes, Gauss
and Green’s theorems.
Differential equations: First order equation (linear and nonlinear), Higher order linear
differential equations with constant coefficients, Method of variation of parameters, Cauchy’s
and Euler’s equations, Initial and boundary value problems, Partial Differential Equations and
variable separable method.
Complex variables: Analytic functions, Cauchy’s integral theorem and integral formula,
Taylor’s and Laurent’ series, Residue theorem, solution integrals.
Probability and Statistics: Sampling theorems, Conditional probability, Mean, median, mode and
standard deviation, Random variables, Discrete and continuous distributions, Poisson,Normal
and Binomial distribution, Correlation and regression analysis.
Numerical Methods: Solutions of non-linear algebraic equations, single and multi-step methods
for differential equations.
Transform Theory: Fourier transform,Laplace transform, Z-transform.
Electric Circuits and Fields: Network graph, KCL, KVL, node and mesh analysis, transient
response of dc and ac networks; sinusoidal steady-state analysis, resonance, basic filter concepts;
ideal current and voltage sources, Thevenin’s, Norton’s and Superposition and Maximum
Power Transfer theorems, two-port networks, three phase circuits; Gauss Theorem, electric
field and potential due to point, line, plane and spherical charge distributions; Ampere’s and
Biot-Savart’s laws; inductance; dielectrics; capacitance.
Signals and Systems: Representation of continuous and discrete-time signals; shifting and
scaling operations; linear, time-invariant and causal systems; Fourier series representation of
continuous periodic signals; sampling theorem; Fourier, Laplace and Z transforms.
Electrical Machines: Single phase transformer – equivalent circuit, phasor diagram, tests,
regulation and efficiency; three phase transformers – connections, parallel operation; auto-
transformer; energy conversion principles; DC machines – types, windings, generator
characteristics, armature reaction and commutation, starting and speed control of motors;
three phase induction motors – principles, types, performance characteristics, starting and
speed control; single phase induction motors; synchronous machines – performance, regulation
and parallel operation of generators, motor starting, characteristics and applications; servo and
stepper motors.
Power Systems: Basic power generation concepts; transmission line models and performance;
cable performance, insulation; corona and radio interference; distribution systems; per-unit
quantities; bus impedance and admittance matrices; load flow; voltage control; power factor
correction; economic operation; symmetrical components; fault analysis; principles of over-
current, differential and distance protection; solid state relays and digital protection; circuit
breakers; system stability concepts, swing curves and equal area criterion; HVDC transmission
and FACTS concepts.
Control Systems: Principles of feedback; transfer function; block diagrams; steady-state errors;
Routh and Niquist techniques; Bode plots; root loci; lag, lead and lead-lag compensation; state
space model; state transition matrix, controllability and observability.
Electrical and Electronic Measurements: Bridges and potentiometers; PMMC, moving iron,
dynamometer and induction type instruments; measurement of voltage, current, power, energy
and power factor; instrument transformers; digital voltmeters and multimeters; phase, time
and frequency measurement; Q-meters; oscilloscopes; potentiometric recorders; error analysis.
Analog and Digital Electronics: Characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET; amplifiers – biasing,
equivalent circuit and frequency response; oscillators and feedback amplifiers; operational
amplifiers – characteristics and applications; simple active filters; VCOs and timers;
combinational and sequential logic circuits; multiplexer; Schmitt trigger; multi-vibrators;
sample and hold circuits; A/D and D/A converters; 8-bit microprocessor basics, architecture,
programming and interfacing.
Power Electronics and Drives: Semiconductor power diodes, transistors, thyristors, triacs,
GTOs, MOSFETs and IGBTs – static characteristics and principles of operation; triggering
circuits; phase control rectifiers; bridge converters – fully controlled and half controlled;
principles of choppers and inverters; basis concepts of adjustable speed dc and ac drives.
***********
PREFACE
This book doesn’t make promise but provides complete satisfaction to the readers. The
market scenario is confusing and readers don’t find the optimum quality books. This book
provides complete set of problems appeared in competition exams as well as fresh set of
problems.
The book is categorized into units which are then sub-divided into chapters and the
concepts of the problems are addressed in the relevant chapters. The aim of the book is
to avoid the unnecessary elaboration and highlights only those concepts and techniques
which are absolutely necessary. Again time is a critical factor both from the point of view
of preparation duration and time taken for solving each problem in the examination. So
the problems solving methods is the books are those which take the least distance to the
solution.
But however to make a comment that this book is absolute for GATE preparation will be
an inappropriate one. The theory for the preparation of the examination should be followed
from the standard books. But for a wide collection of problems, for a variety of problems
and the efficient way of solving them, what one needs to go needs to go through is there
in there in the book. Each unit (e.g. Networks) is subdivided into average seven number of
chapters on an average each of which contains 40 problems which are selected so as to avoid
unnecessary redundancy and highly needed completeness.
I shall appreciate and greatly acknowledge the comments and suggestion from the users of
this book.
R. K. Kanodia
Ashish Murolia
CONTENTS
EF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS & FIELDS
EF 1 Basic Concept EF 3
EF 2 Basic Laws EF 23
EF 3 Graph Theory EF 64
EF 4 Nodal and Loop Analysis EF 82
EF 5 Circuit Theorems EF 105
EF 6 Inductor and Capacitor EF 150
EF 7 First Order RL and RC Circuits EF 190
EF 8 Second Order Circuit EF 249
EF 9 Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis EF 287
EF 10 AC Power Analysis EF 322
EF 11 Three-phase Circuits EF 360
EF 12 Magnetically Coupled Circuits EF 393
EF 13 Frequency Response EF 419
EF 14 Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transform EF 455
EF 15 Two Port Network EF 500
EF 16 Electric Field EF 546
EF 17 Magnetic Fields EF 562
EF 18 Gate Solved Questions EF 580
EE ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS
EE 1 Measurement and Error EE 3
EE 2 Electro-mechanical Instruments EE 28
EE 3 Electronic & Digital Instruments EE 82
EE 4 Instrument Transformer EE 92
EE 5 Measurement of R, L, C and AC Bridges EE 101
EE 6 CRO EE 135
EE 7 Gate Solved Questions EE 151

***********
GATE Electrical Engineering-2015
in 4 Volumes
by R. K. Kanodia & Ashish Murolia
EF 5
Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1
i. n
CIRCUIT THEOREMS
.co
a
The linear network in the figure contains resistors and dependent sources only.
EF 5.1
di
When Vs = 10 V , the power supplied by the voltage source is 40 W. What will be
the power supplied by the source if Vs = 5 V ( in W)?
no
w.
EF 5.2
ww
In the circuit below, it is given that when Vs = 20 V , IL = 200 mA . What values
of IL and Vs will be required such that power absorbed by RL is 2.5 W ?
(A) 1 A , 2.5 V
(B) 0.5 A, 2 V
(C) 0.5 A, 50 V
(D) 2 A, 1.25 V
EF 5.3
.in
For the circuit shown in figure below, some measurements are made and listed
in the table.
.co
ia
od
.n
ww
Which of the following equation is true for IL ?
w
(A) IL = 0.6Vs + 0.4Is
(B) IL = 0.2Vs - 0.3Is
(C) IL = 0.2Vs + 0.3Is
(D) IL = 0.4Vs - 0.6Is
Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

*Shipping Free* *Maximum Discount*
GATE EE vol-1 GATE EE vol-2
Electric circuit & Field, Electrical & electronic measurement Analog electronics, Digital electronics, Power electronics

EF 106
Control systems, Signals & systems
Circuit Theorems Electrical machines, Power systems
EF 5
Engineering mathematics, General Aptitude
EF 5.4 In the circuit below, the voltage drop across the resistance R2 will be ____ V

. in
. c o
EF 5.5
d ia
In the circuit below, current I = I1 + I2 + I 3 , where I1 , I2 and I 3 are currents
o
due to 60 A, 30 A and 30 V sources acting alone. The values of I1 , I2 and I 3 are
n
respectively
w.
w w
(A) 8 A, 8 A, - 4 A
(B) 12 A, 12 A, - 5 A
(C) 4 A, 4 A, - 1 A
(D) 2 A, 2 A, - 4 A
EF 5.6 In the circuit below, current I is equal to sum of two currents I1 and I2 . What
are the values of I1 and I2 ?
i. n
.c o
i a
(A) 6 A, 1A
o d
(B) 9 A,
.6A
n
(C)
(D)
3 A,
3 A,
w w 1A
4A
EF 5.7
w
A network consists only of independent current sources and resistors. If the
values of all the current sources are doubled, then values of node voltages
(A) remains same
(B) will be doubled
(C) will be halved
(D) changes in some other way.

in 4 Volumes
EF 5.8 Consider a network which consists of resistors and voltage sources only. If the
values of all the voltage sources are doubled, then the values of mesh current
will be
i. n
(A) doubled (B) same
(C) halved (D) none of these
EF 5.9
.co
In the circuit below, the 12 V source
ia
od
.n
ww
w
(A) absorbs 36 W
(C) absorbs 100 W
(B) delivers 4 W
(D) delivers 36 W
EF 5.10 The value of current I in the circuit below is equal to ____A.
EF 5.11
.in
Which of the following circuits is equivalent to the circuit shown below ?
.co
ia
od
.n
ww
w


EF 108
EF 5
EF 5.12 Consider a dependent current source shown in figure below.

. in
The source transformation of above is given by
. c o
d ia
n o
w.
w w
EF 5.13 In the given circuit value of current I flowing through 2 W resistance is ___ A.
EF 5.14 In the given circuit, the value of current I will be _____Amps.
i. n
.c o
i a
o d
EF 5.15
. n
Consider a circuit shown in the figure
w w
w

in 4 Volumes
Which of the following circuit is equivalent to the above circuit ?

i. n
.co
ia
od
.n
EF 5.16
ww
For the circuit shown in the figure the Thevenin voltage and resistance seen from
the terminal a -b are respectively
w
(A) 34 V, 0 W (B) 20 V , 24 W
(C) 14 V, 0 W (D) - 14 V , 24 W
EF 5.17 In the following circuit, Thevenin voltage and resistance across terminal a and
b respectively are
.in
.co
ia
od
.n
(A) 10 V, 18 W
(C) 10 V, 18.67 W
(B) 2 V, 18 W
(D) 2 V, 18.67 W
EF 5.18
ww
What is the value of current I in the circuit shown below (in Amp) ?


EF 110
EF 5
EF 5.19 The value of RTh and VTh such that the circuit of figure (B) is the Thevenin

equivalent circuit of the circuit shown in figure (A), will be equal to
. in
. c o
d ia
(A)
(B)
RTh = 6 W , VTh = 4 V
n
RTh = 6 W , VTh = 28 V o
(C)
(D)
w.
RTh = 2 W , VTh = 24 V
RTh = 10 W , VTh = 14 V
EF 5.20
w w
What values of RTh and VTh will cause the circuit of figure (B) to be the equivalent
circuit of figure (A) ?
(A) 2.4 W, - 24 V (B) 3 W, 16 V

(C) 10 W, 24 V (D) 10 W, - 24 V
i. n
Common Data For Q. 21 and 22 :
.c o
Consider the two circuits shown in figure (A) and figure (B) below
i a
o d
. n
w w
EF 5.21
w
The value of Thevenin voltage across terminals a -b of figure (A) and figure (B)
respectively are
(A) 30 V, 36 V
(B) 28 V, - 12 V
(C) 18 V, 12 V
(D) 30 V, - 12 V

in 4 Volumes
EF 5.22 The value of Thevenin resistance across terminals a -b of figure (A) and figure
(B) respectively are

(A) zero, 3 W
(B) 9 W, 16 W
(C) 2 W, 3 W i. n
(D) zero, 16 W
.co
EF 5.23
ia
In the given circuit, what is the value of current I (in Amp) through 6 W resistor
od
.n
ww
w
EF 5.24 For a network having resistors and independent sources, it is desired to obtain
Thevenin equivalent across the load which is in parallel with an ideal current
source. Then which of the following statement is true ?
(A) Thevenin equivalent circuit is simply that of a voltage source.
(B) Thevenin equivalent circuit consists of a voltage source and a series
resistor.
(C) Thevenin equivalent circuit does not exist but the Norton equivalent does
exist.
(D) None of these
EF 5.25
.in
Thevenin equivalent circuit of a network consists only of a resistor (Thevenin
voltage is zero). Then which of the following elements might be contained in the
network ?
.co
(A) resistor and independent sources
ia
(B) resistor only
(C) resistor and dependent sources
od
(D) resistor, independent sources and dependent sources.
EF 5.26
.n
For the given circuit, the Thevenin’s voltage and resistance looking into a -b are
ww
(A)
w
2 V, 3 W
(B) 2 V, 2 W
(C) 6 V, - 9 W
(D) 6 V, - 3 W


EF 112
EF 5
EF 5.27 For the circuit, values of voltage V for different values of R are shown in the table.

. in
. c o
ia
The Thevenin voltage and resistance of the unknown circuit are respectively.
(A) 14 V, 4 W
(B) 4 V, 1 W
(C) 14 V, 6 W
o d
(D) 10 V, 2 W
. n
EF 5.28
w w
For the circuit of figure, some measurements were made at the terminals a -b and
given in the table below.
What is the value of IL (in Amps) for RL = 20 W ?
EF 5.29 In the circuit shown below, the Norton equivalent current and resistance with
respect to terminal a -b is
i. n
.c o
i a
(A) 176 A , 0 W
(C) - 76 A , 24 W
o d (B) 2 A, 24 W
(D) - 2 A , 24 W
. n
EF 5.30
w w
The Norton equivalent circuit for the circuit shown in figure is given by

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
ia
od
.n
EF 5.31
volts)?
ww
If I = 5 A in the circuit below, then what is the value of voltage source Vs (in
EF 5.32 What are the values of equivalent Norton current source (IN ) and equivalent
resistance (RN ) across the load terminal of the circuit shown in figure ?
.in
.co
ia
od
IN
.n RN
(A)
(B)
ww
10 A
10 A
2W
9W
(C)
(D) w3.33 A
6.66 A
9W
2W
EF 5.33 For a network consisting of resistors and independent sources only, it is desired to
obtain Thevenin’s or Norton’s equivalent across a load which is in parallel with
an ideal voltage sources.
Consider the following statements :
1. Thevenin equivalent circuit across this terminal does not exist.


EF 114
EF 5
2. Thevenin equivalent circuit exists and it is simply that of a voltage source.

3. The Norton equivalent circuit for this terminal does not exist.
Which of the above statements is/are true ?
in
(A) 1 and 3 (B) 1 only
(C) 2 and 3 (D) 3 only
o .
EF 5.34
. c
For a network consisting of resistors and independent sources only, it is desired
to obtain Thevenin’s or Norton’s equivalent across a load which is in series with
an ideal current sources.
Consider the following statements
d ia
n o
1. Norton equivalent across this terminal is not feasible.
2. Norton equivalent circuit exists and it is simply that of a current source
only.
w.
3. Thevenin’s equivalent circuit across this terminal is not feasible.
(A) 1 and 3
(C) 1 only
w
Which of the above statements is/are correct ?
w (B) 2 and 3
(D) 3 only
EF 5.35 In the circuit shown below, what is the value of current I (in Amps) ?
EF 5.36 The Norton equivalent circuit of the given network with respect to the terminal
a -b, is
i. n
.c o
i a
o d
. n
w w
w

in 4 Volumes
EF 5.37 In the circuit below, if RL is fixed and Rs is variable then for what value of Rs
power dissipated in RL will be maximum ?
i. n
.co
ia
(A) RS = RL
(C) RS = RL /2
od (B) RS = 0
(D) RS = 2RL
.n
EF 5.38
ww
In the circuit shown below the maximum power transferred to RL is Pmax , then
w
(A) RL = 12 W , Pmax = 12 W
(B) RL = 3 W , Pmax = 96 W
(C) RL = 3 W , Pmax = 48 W
(D) RL = 12 W , Pmax = 24 W
EF 5.39 In the circuit shown in figure (A) if current I1 = 2 A , then current I2 and I 3 in
figure (B) and figure (C) respectively are
.in
.co
ia
od
.n
ww
w
(A) 2 A, 2 A (B) - 2 A , 2 A
(C) 2 A, - 2 A (D) - 2 A , - 2 A


EF 116
EF 5
EF 5.40 In the circuit of figure (A), if I1 = 20 mA , then what is the value of current I2 in

the circuit of figure (B) ?
. in
. c o
(A) 40 mA
d ia (B) - 20 mA
(C) 20 mA
n o (D) R1 , R2 and R 3 must be known
EF 5.41
w.
If V1 = 2 V in the circuit of figure (A), then what is the value of V2 in the circuit
w
of figure (B) ( in V)?
EF 5.42 The value of current I in the circuit below is equal to ____mA.
i. n
.c o
EF 5.43
i a
A simple equivalent circuit of the two-terminal network shown in figure is
o d
. n
w w
w

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
If V = AV1 + BV2 + CI 3 in the following circuit, then values of A, B and C
a
EF 5.44
respectively are
di
no
w.
(A)
(B)
2
3
1
3 w
, 23 , 13w
, 13 , 100
3
(C) 1
2 , 12 , 13
(D) 1
3 , 23 , 100
3
EF 5.45 The V -I relation for the circuit below is plotted in the figure. The maximum
power that can be transferred to the load RL will be ______ mW
.in
.co
ia
EF 5.46
od
For the linear network shown below, V -I characteristic is also given in the figure.
The value of Norton equivalent current and resistance respectively are
.n
ww
w
(A) 3 A, 2 W
(B) 6 W, 2 W
(C) 6 A, 0.5 W
(D) 3 A, 0.5 W


EF 118
EF 5
EF 5.47 In the circuit a network and its Thevenin and Norton equivalent are given.

. in
. c o
The value of the parameter are
VTh RTh
d ia
IN RN
(A) 4V
n
2W
o 2A 2W
(B)
(C)
4V
8V
w. 2W
1.2 W
2A
30
3 A
3W
1.2 W
EF 5.48
(D)
w
8V
w 5W 8
5 A 5W
For the following circuit the value of equivalent Norton current IN and resistance
RN are
(A) 2 A, 20 W
(B) 2 A, - 20 W
(C) 0 A, 20 W
(D) 0 A, - 20 W
i. n
EF 5.49 Consider the network shown below :
.c o
i a
o d
. n
RL
w
The power absorbed by load resistance RL is shown in table :
w
10 kW 30 kW
Pw 3.6 mW 4.8 mW
What is the value of RL (in kW ), that would absorb maximum power ?

in 4 Volumes
EF 5.50 Consider the following circuits shown below

i. n
.co
ia
od
.n
The relation between Ia and Ib is
ww
(A) Ib = Ia + 6
(C) Ib = 1.5Ia
(B) Ib = Ia + 2
(D) Ib = Ia
w
Common Data For Q. 51 and 52 :
In the following circuit, some measurements were made at the terminals a , b and
given in the table below.
in
The Thevenin equivalent of the unknown network across terminal a -b is
EF 5.51
(A) 3 W, 14 V
(C) 16 W, 38 V
o. (B) 5 W, 16 V
(D) 10 W, 26 V
a.c
The value of R that will cause I to be 1 A, is _____ W
i
EF 5.52
EF 5.53
od
In the circuit shown in fig (A) if current I1 = 2.5 A then current I2 and I 3 in fig
(B) and (C) respectively are
.n
ww
w


EF 120
EF 5

. in
. c o
(A) 5 A, 10 A
(C) 5 A, - 10 A
d ia (B) - 5 A , 10 A
(D) - 5 A , - 10 A
n o
EF 5.54
w.
The V -I relation of the unknown element X in the given network is V = AI + B
. The value of A (in ohm) and B (in volt) respectively are
w w
(A) 2, 20 (B) 2, 8
(C) 0.5, 4 (D) 0.5, 16
i. n
o
*************
i a .c
o d
. n
w w
w

in 4 Volumes
SOLUTION
i. n
EF 5.1
.co
Correct option is (B).
ia
od
.n
For,
So, ww Vs = 10 V , P = 40 W
Is = P = 40 = 4 A
Now, w Vs 10
Vsl = 5 V , so Isl= 2 A
New value of the power supplied by source is
(From linearity)
Psl = VslIsl= 5 # 2 = 10 W
Note: Linearity does not apply to power calculations.
EF 5.2 Correct option is (C).

From linearity, we know that in the circuit Vs ratio remains constant
IL
Vs = 20 = 100
IL 200 # 10-3
Let current through load is ILl when the power absorbed is 2.5 W, so
in
PL = (ILl) 2 RL
o.
2.5 = (ILl) 2 # 10
ILl = 0.5 A
a.c
Vs = Vsl = 100
IL ILl
So,
di Vsl = 100ILl= 100 # 0.5 = 50 V

Thus required values are
no ILl = 0.5 A , Vsl= 50 V
EF 5.3
w.
Correct option is (D).
ww
From linearity,
From the table

IL = AVs + BIs , A and B are constants
2 = 14A + 6B ...(1)
6 = 18A + 2B ...(2)
Solving equation (1) and (2)
A = 0.4 , B =- 0.6
So, IL = 0.4Vs - 0.6Is


EF 122
EF 5
EF 5.4 Correct option is (B).

The circuit has 3 independent sources, so we apply superposition theorem to
obtain the voltage drop.
Due to 16 V source only : (Open circuit 5 A source and Short circuit 32 V source)
Let voltage across R2 due to 16 V source only is V1 .
. in
. c o
d ia
n o
w.
Using voltage division
V1 =- 8 (16) =- 4 V
w w 24 + 8
Due to 5 A source only : (Short circuit both the 16 V and 32 V sources)
Let voltage across R2 due to 5 A source only is V2 .
V2 = (24 W || 16 W || 16 W) # 5 = 6 # 5 = 30 volt
Due to 32 V source only : (Short circuit 16 V source and open circuit 5 A source)
Let voltage across R2 due to 32 V source only is V3
i. n
.c o
i a
o d
. V3 =n 9.6 (32) = 12 V
16 + 9.6
w w
By superposition, the net voltage across R2 is
V = V1 + V2 + V3
w
ALTERNATIVE METHOD :
=- 4 + 30 + 12 = 38 volt
The problem may be solved by applying a node equation at the top node.

Due to 60 A Source Only : (Open circuit 30 A and short circuit 30 V sources)

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
a
12 W || 6 W = 4 W
i
od
.n
ww
w
Using current division
Ia = 2 (60) = 12 A
2+8
Again, Ia will be distributed between parallel combination of 12 W and 6 W
I1 = 6 (12) = 4 A
12 + 6
Due to 30 A source only : (Open circuit 60 A and short circuit 30 V sources)
.in
co
. 4 (30) = 12 A
ia Ib =
4+6
od
Ib will be distributed between parallel combination of 12 W and 6 W
I2 = 6 (12) = 4 A
.n 12 + 6
Due to 30 V Source Only : (Open circuit 60 A and 30 A sources)
ww
w
Using source transformation


EF 124
EF 5

. in
I 3 =- 3 (5) =- 1 A
12 + 3
. c o
Using superposition,
d ia
I = I1 + I 2
o
Let I1 is the current due to 9 A source only. (i.e. short 18 V source)
n
w. I1 = 6 (9) = 3 A
6 + 12
(current division)
Let I2 is the current due to 18 V source only (i.e. open 9 A source)
So, w w I2 = 18 = 1 A
6 + 12
I1 = 3 A , I 2 = 1 A

i. n
From superposition theorem, it is known that if all source values are doubled,
then node voltages also be doubled.
.c o
EF 5.8 Correct option is (A).
i a
From the principal of superposition, doubling the values of voltage source doubles
the mesh currents.
o d
EF 5.9
.
n
w
Using source transformation of 4 A and 6 V source.
w
w
Adding parallel current sources

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
Source transformation of 5 A source
ia
od
.n
ww
Applying KVL around the anticlockwise direction
w
- 5 - I + 8 - 2I - 12 = 0
- 9 - 3I = 0
I =- 3 A
Power absorbed by 12 V source
P12 V = 12 # I (Passive sign convention)
= 12 # - 3 =- 36 W
or, 12 V source supplies 36 W power.

Using source transformation, we can obtain I in following steps.
.in
.co
ia
od
.n
ww
w I = 6 + 8 = 14 = 2 A
3+4 7
Try to solve the problem by obtaining Thevenin equivalent for right half of the
circuit.


EF 126
EF 5

We know that source transformation also exists for dependent source, so
. in
. c o
Current source values
d ia
Is = 6Ix = 3Ix (downward)
2
n
Rs = 2 W
o
EF 5.12
w.
Correct option is (C).
We know that source transformation is applicable to dependent source also.
w w
Values of equivalent voltage source
Vs = (4Ix ) (5) = 20Ix
Rs = 5 W
EF 5.13 Correct answer is 5.

Using super position, we obtain I .
Due to 10 V source only : (Open circuit 5 A source)
i. n
.c o
I1 = 10 = 5 A
i a
o
2
d
Due to 5 A source only : (Short circuit 10 V source)
. n
w w
w I2 = 0
I = I1 + I 2 = 5 + 0 = 5 A
We can see that voltage source is in parallel with resistor and current source so
voltage across parallel branches will be 10 V and I = 10/2 = 5 A

in 4 Volumes
EF 5.14 Correct answer is - 0.5 .

Applying superposition,
Due to 6 V source only : (Open circuit 2 A current source)
i. n
.co
ia
od
.n I1 = 6 = 0.5 A
ww 6+6
Due to 2 A source only : (Short circuit 6 V source)
I2 = 6 (- 2) (using current division)

6+6
=- 1 A
I = I1 + I2 = 0.5 - 1 =- 0.5 A
in
loop.
o.
This problem may be solved by using a single KVL equation around the outer
EF 5.15
a.c
sources.
di
Combining the parallel resistance and adding the parallel connected current
o
9 A - 3 A = 6 A (upward)
n
w. 3 W || 6 W = 2 W
ww


EF 128
EF 5
Source transformation of 6 A source

. in
. c o
d ia
EF 5.16
n
Correct option is (D). o
w.
Thevenin Voltage : (Open Circuit Voltage)
The open circuit voltage between a -b can be obtained as
w w
Writing KCL at node a
VTh - 10 + 1 = 0
24
VTh - 10 + 24 = 0
or VTh =- 14 volt
Thevenin Resistance :
To obtain Thevenin’s resistance, we set all independent sources to zero i.e., short
i. n
circuit all the voltage sources and open circuit all the current sources.
.c o
i a
o
RTh = 24 W d
EF 5.17
.
Correct option is (B). n
w
Thevenin Voltage :
w
Using voltage division V1 = 20 (10) = 4 volt
20 + 30
w
and, V2 = 15 (10) = 6 volt
Applying KVL,V1 - V2 + Vab = 0

15 + 10
4 - 6 + Vab = 0
VTh = Vab =- 2 volt

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
ia
d
o
.n
ww
w
Rab = [20 W || 30 W] + [15 W || 10 W]
= 12 W + 6 W = 18 W
RTh = Rab = 18 W
EF 5.18 Correct answer is 1.5 A.

Using source transformation of 48 V source and the 24 V source
.in
.co
ia
Using parallel resistances combination
od
.n
ww
w
Source transformation of 8 A and 6 A sources


EF 130
EF 5
Writing KVL around anticlock wise direction

- 12 - 2I + 40 - 4I - 2I - 16 = 0
12 - 8I = 0
in
I = 12 = 1.5 A
8
o .
EF 5.19 Option (A) is a correct.
. c
ia
Using source transformation of 24 V source
o d
. n
w w
w
Adding parallel connected sources
i. n
.c o
So,
i a
VTh = 4 V , RTh = 6 W

o d
Thevenin Voltage: (Open Circuit Voltage)
. n
w w
w
VTh = 6 (- 40) (using voltage division)
6+4
=- 24 volt

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
ia
od RTh = 6 W || 4 W = 6 # 4 = 2.4 W
6+4
EF 5.21
.n
w
For the circuit of figure (A)
w
w
VTh = Va - Vb
Va = 24 V
Vb = 6 (- 6) =- 4 V (Voltage division)
6+3
VTh = 24 - (- 4) = 28 V
For the circuit of figure (B), using source transformation
.in
.co
ia
Combining parallel resistances,
od 12 W || 4 W = 3 W
.n
Adding parallel current sources,
8 - 4 = 4 A (Downward)
ww
w
VTh =- 12 V


EF 132
EF 5

For the circuit for fig (A)
. in
. c o
d ia
RTh = Rab = 6 W || 3 W = 2 W
o
For the circuit of fig (B), as obtained in previous solution.
n
w.
w w
RTh = 3 W
EF 5.23 Correct answer is - 0.5 .

Current I can be easily calculated by Thevenin’s equivalent across 6 W.
i. n
In the bottom mesh I2 = 1 A
.c o
i a
In the bottom left mesh - VTh - 12I2 + 3 = 0
o d VTh = 3 - (12) (1) =- 9 V
. n
w w
w
RTh = 12 W (both 4 W resistors are short circuit)
so, circuit becomes as

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
I = VTh = - 9 =- 9 =- 0.5 A
ia RTh + 6 12 + 6 18
Note: The problem can be solved easily by a single node equation. Take the
d
nodes connecting the top 4 W, 3 V and 4 W as supernode and apply KCL.
o
EF 5.24
.n
ww
w
The current source connected in parallel with load does not affect Thevenin
equivalent circuit. Thus, Thevenin equivalent circuit will contain its usual form
of a voltage source in series with a resistor.

The network consists of resistor and dependent sources because if it has
independent source then there will be an open circuit Thevenin voltage present.
EF 5.26 Correct option is (D).
in
Thevenin Voltage (Open Circuit Voltage) :
.
.co
ia
od
.n
Applying KCL at top middle node
ww VTh - 2Vx + VTh + 1 = 0

3 6
VTh - 2VTh + VTh + 1 = 0
w 3 6
- 2VTh + VTh + 6 = 0
(VTh = Vx )
VTh = 6 volt
Open circuit voltage VTh
RTh = =
Short circuit current Isc
To obtain Thevenin resistance, first we find short circuit current through a -b


EF 134
EF 5

. in
Writing KCL at top middle node
. c o
ia
Vx - 2Vx + Vx + 1 + Vx - 0 = 0
3 6 3
o d
- 2Vx + Vx + 6 + 2Vx = 0 or Vx =- 6 volt
Isc = Vx - 0 =- 6 =- 2 A
. n
Thevenin’s resistance,
3 3
RTh = VTh =- 6 =- 3 W
w w
Isc 2
w
Since dependent source is present in the circuit, we put a test source across a -b
to obtain Thevenin’s equivalent.
By applying KCL at top middle node

Vx - 2Vx + Vx + 1 + Vx - Vtest = 0
3 6 3
i. n
- 2Vx + Vx + 6 + 2Vx - 2Vtest = 0
2Vtest - Vx = 6 ...(1)
We have Itest = Vtest - Vx

3
.c o
3Itest = Vtest - Vx
i a
Put Vx into equation (1)
o d
Vx = Vtest - 3Itest
. n
2Vtest - (Vtest - 3Itest) = 6
2Vtest - Vtest + 3Itest = 6
w w Vtest = 6 - 3Itest
For Thevenin’s equivalent circuit
...(2)

in 4 Volumes
Vtest - VTh = I
test
RTh
Vtest = VTh + RTh Itest ...(3)
i. n
Comparing equation (2) and (3)
VTh = 6 V , RTh =- 3 W
EF 5.27
.co
ia
od
.n
ww
w
From the table,

V = VTh b R
R + RTh l
6 = VTh b 3
3 + RTh l
...(1)
8 = VTh b 8 l ...(2)
8 + RTh
Dividing equation (1) and (2), we get
6 = 3 (8 + RTh)
8 8 (3 + RTh)
6 + 2RTh = 8 + RTh
RTh = 2 W
Substituting RTh into equation (1)
.in
6 = VTh b 3 l or VTh = 10 V
3+2
EF 5.28
.co
Correct answer is 4.
a
We find Thevenin equivalent across a -b.
i
od
.n
ww
w IL = VTh
RTh + RL
From the data given in table
10 = VTh ...(1)
RTh + 2
6 = VTh ...(2)
RTh + 10


EF 136
EF 5

10 = RTh + 10
6 RTh + 2
10RTh + 20 = 6RTh + 60
4RTh = 40 & RTh = 10 W
. in
10 = VTh
10 + 2
. c o
For RL = 20 W ,
VTh = 10 (12) = 120 V
IL = VTh
RTh + RL
d ia
n o
= 120 = 4 A
10 + 20
EF 5.29
w.
w w
Norton Current : (Short Circuit Current)
The Norton equivalent current is equal to the short-circuit current that would
flow when the load replaced by a short circuit as shown below
Applying KCL at node a

I N + I1 + 2 = 0
Since I1 = 0 - 20 =- 5 A
i. n
24 6
So, IN - 5 + 2 = 0
6
IN =- 7 A
6
.c o
Norton Resistance :
i a
o d
Set all independent sources to zero (i.e. open circuit current sources and short
circuit voltage sources) to obtain Norton’s equivalent resistance RN .
. n
w w
w RN = 24 W

Using source transformation of 1 A source

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
ia
Again, source transformation of 2 V source
od
.n
ww
w
Adding parallel current sources
Try to solve the problem using superposition method.
EF 5.31 Correct answer is 56 V.

6 W and 3 W resistors are in parallel, which is equivalent to 2 W.
.in
.co
ia
od
.n
w
Using source transformation of 6 A source
w
w
Source transform of 4 A source


EF 138
EF 5

. in
. c o
ia
Adding series resistors and sources on the left
o d
. n
w w
w
Source transformation of 48 V source
Source transformation of 4 A source.

3
i. n
.c o
i a
o
19 + 9
d
I = 12 + 72 + Vs
Vs = (28 # I) - 12 - 72 = (28 # 5) - 12 - 72 = 56 V
. n
EF 5.32
w w
Short circuit current across terminal a -b is

in 4 Volumes
For simplicity circuit can be redrawn as

i. n
.co
ia IN = 3 (10) = 3.33 A
3+6
(Current division)
d
Norton’s equivalent resistance
o
.n
ww
w RN = 6 + 3 = 9 W
in
The voltage across load terminal is simply Vs and it is independent of any other
source is ideal).
o.
current or voltage. So, Thevenin equivalent is VTh = Vs and RTh = 0 (Voltage
a.c
Norton equivalent does not exist because of parallel connected voltage source.
EF 5.34
di
no
w.
ww
The output current from the network is equal to the series connected current
source only, so IN = Is . Thus, effect of all other component in the network does
not change IN .
In this case Thevenin’s equivalent is not feasible because of the series connected
current source.


EF 140
EF 5

We solve this problem using linearity and assumption that I = 1 A .
. in
. c o
V1 = 4I + 2I
d ia (Using KVL)
n
=6V
o
w. I 2 = I1 + I
= V1 + I = 6 + 1 = 2.5 A
4 4
(Using KCL)
w w V2 = 4I2 + V1
= 4 (2.5) + 6 = 16 V
Is + I 3 = I 2
(Using KVL)
(Using KCL)
Is - V2 = I
4 + 12 2
Is = 16 + 2.5 = 3.5 A
16
When Is = 3.5 A , I = 1A
But Is = 14 A , so I = .1 # 14 = 4 A
3.5

Norton Current : (Short Circuit Current)
i. n
.c o
i a
o d
. n
w w
w
Nodal equation at top center node
0 - 24 + 0 - (- 6) + I = 0
6 3+3 N
- 4 + 1 + IN = 0

in 4 Volumes
IN = 3 A
Norton Resistance :
i. n
.co
ia
od
So, Norton equivalent will be
RN = Rab = 6 || (3 + 3) = 6 || 6 = 3 W
.n
ww
w
V = Vs b RL
Rs + R L l
Voltage
.in
Power absorbed by RL ,
(V) 2
PL =
2
= V s RL 2
co RL (Rs + RL)
From above expression, it is known that power is maximum when Rs = 0
.
NOTE :
ia
Do not get confused with maximum power transfer theorem. According to maximum power
RL = Rs .
od
transfer theorem if RL is variable and Rs is fixed then power dissipated by RL is maximum when
EF 5.38
.n
ww
We solve this problem using maximum power transfer theorem. First, obtain
Thevenin equivalent across RL .
Thevenin Voltage : (Open circuit voltage)


EF 142
EF 5

. in
. c o
6
d
2+4 ia
Using nodal analysis VTh - 24 + VTh - 24 = 0
n o 2VTh - 48 = 0 & VTh = 24 V
.
w
w w
RTh = 6 W || 6 W = 3 W
Circuit becomes as
For maximum power transfer

i. n
RL = RTh = 3 W
Value of maximum power
.c o
(V ) 2
Pmax = Th
4RL
i a
=
(24) 2
o
4#3 d
= 48 W
EF 5.39
.
Correct option is (D). n
w w
This can be solved by reciprocity theorem. But we have to take care that the
polarity of voltage source have the same correspondence with branch current in
each of the circuit.
w
In figure (B) and figure (C), polarity of voltage source is reversed with respect
to direction of branch current so
V1 =-V2 =-V3
I1 I2 I3
I2 = I 3 =- 2 A

in 4 Volumes

According to reciprocity theorem in any linear bilateral network when a single

voltage source Va in branch a produces a current Ib in branches b, then if the
i. n
voltage source Va is removed(i.e. branch a is short circuited) and inserted in
branch b, then it will produce a current Ib in branch a.
So,
.co
I2 = I1 = 20 mA
EF 5.41
ia
Correct option is (A).
od
According to reciprocity theorem in any linear bilateral network when a single
current source Ia in branch a produces a voltage Vb in branches b, then if the
.n
current source Ia is removed(i.e. branch a is open circuited) and inserted in
branch b, then it will produce a voltage Vb in branch a.
ww
w
So, V2 = 2 volt

We use Millman’s theorem to obtain equivalent resistance and voltage across a -b
- 96 + 40 + -80
Vab = 1240 1200 1800
240 + 200 + 800
=- 144 =- 28.8 V
5
.in
The equivalent resistance
1
.coRab = 1
240 +
Now, the circuit is reduced as
1 1 = 96 W
200 + 800
ia
od
.n
w
Iw = 28.8 = 100 mA
96 + 192
EF 5.43
w
Thevenin Voltage: (Open Circuit Voltage):
The open circuit voltage will be equal to V , i.e. VTh = V
Thevenin Resistance:
Set all independent sources to zero i.e. open circuit the current source and short
circuit the voltage source as shown in figure


EF 144
EF 5

. in
Open circuit voltage = V1
. c o
V is obtained using super position.
d ia
Due to source V1 only : (Open circuit source I 3 and short circuit source V2 )
n o
w.
w w
V = 50 (V ) = 1 V (using voltage division)
100 + 50 1 3 1
so, A=1
3
Due to source V2 only : (Open circuit source I 3 and short circuit source V1 )
V = 50 (V ) = 1 V
100 + 50 2 3 2 i. n
(Using voltage division)
So, B =1
3
.c o
a
Due to source I 3 only : (short circuit sources V1 and V2 )
i
o d
. n
w w
w
So,
V = I 3 [100 || 100 || 100] = I 3 b 100 l
C = 100
3
3

Redrawing the circuit in Thevenin equivalent form

in 4 Volumes
i. n
.co
I = VTh - V
or,
ia RTh
V =- RTh I + VTh (General form)
od
From the given graph
V =- 4I + 8
.n
So, by comparing RTh = 4 kW , VTh = 8 V
ww
For maximum power transfer RL = RTh
Maximum power absorbed by RL
2
Pmax = VTh =
(8) 2
EF 5.46
w
4RTh 4#4
= 4 mW
The circuit with Norton equivalent
So, IN + I = V
RN
.in
I = V - IN
RN
(General form)
. o
From the given graph, the equation of line
cI = 2V - 6
Comparing with general form
ia 1 = 2 or R = 0.5 W
d
N
RN
no IN = 6 A
EF 5.47
w.
Thevenin voltage: (Open circuit voltage)
ww
VTh = 4 + ^2 # 2h = 4 + 4 = 8 V


EF 146
EF 5
Thevenin Resistance:

. in
. c o
Norton Current:
RTh = 2 + 3 = 5 W = RN
d ia
n
RTh
o
IN = VTh = 8 A
5
EF 5.48
w.
Norton current, IN = 0 because there is no independent source present in the
w w
circuit. To obtain Norton resistance we put a 1 A test source across the load
terminal as shown in figure.
Norton or Thevenin resistance

RN = Vtest
1
Writing KVL in the left mesh
20I1 + 10 ^1 - I1h - 30I1 = 0
i. n
20I1 - 10I1 - 30I1 + 10 = 0 or I1 = 0.5 A
Writing KVL in the right mesh
Vtest - 5 ^1 h - 30I1 = 0
Vtest - 5 - 30 ^0.5h = 0
.c o
i a
Vtest - 5 - 15 = 0
RN = Vtest = 20 W
o d 1
EF 5.49
.
Correct answer is 30.
n
w
For RL = 10 kW , Vab1 = 10k # 3.6m = 6 V
For RL = 30 kW , Vab2 = 30k # 4.8m = 12 V
w 10 V = 6
w Vab1 =
Vab2 =
10 + RTh Th
30 V = 12
30 + RTh Th
...(1)
...(2)
Dividing equation (1) and (2), we get RTh = 30 kW . Maximum power will be
transferred when RL = RTh = 30 kW .

in 4 Volumes

In circuit (b) transforming the 3 A source in to 18 V source all source are 1.5
times of that in circuit (a) as shown in figure.
i. n
.co
ia
od
.n
Using principal of linearity, Ib = 1.5Ia
EF 5.51
ww
I = VTh
R + RTh
From the table, 2 = VTh ...(1)
3 + RTh
1.6 = VTh ...(2)
5 + RTh
.in
2 = 5 + RTh
.co
1.6 3 + RTh
6 + 2RTh = 8 + 1.6RTh
ia
0.4RTh = 2
od RTh = 5 W
.n 2 = VTh or
3+5
EF 5.52
ww VTh = 2 (8) = 16 V
w
We have, I = VTh
RTh + R
VTh = 16 V , RTh = 5 W
I = 16 = 1
5+R
16 = 5 + R or R = 11 W


EF 148
EF 5

. in
. c o
ia
It can be solved by reciprocity theorem. Polarity of voltage source should have
same correspondence with branch current in each of the circuit. Polarity of
V1 =-V2 = V3
o d
voltage source and current direction are shown below
So,
. n I1 I2
10 =- 20 = 40
I3
w w 2.5 I2
I2 =- 5 A
I3
EF 5.54
w I 3 = 10 A
Correct option is (A).

To obtain V -I equation we find the Thevenin equivalent across the terminal at
which X is connected.
= 6#1 = 6V
V1
i. n
12 + V1 - V3
=0
= 12 + 6 = 18 V
V3
.c o (KVL in outer mesh)
VTh - V2 - V3
=0
i a (KVL in Bottom right mesh)
= V2 + V3
VTh
o d
= 2 + 18 = 20 V
(V2 = 2 # 1 = 2 V)
. n
w w
w
RTh = 1 + 1 = 2 W

in 4 Volumes
Now, the circuit becomes as

i. n
.co
ia I = V - VTh
od RTh
V = RTh I + VTh
so
.n A = RTh = 2 W
ww B = VTh = 20 V
In the mesh ABCDEA, we have KVL equation as

V - 1 (I + 2) - 1 (I + 6) - 12 = 0
V = 2I + 20
So, A = 2, B = 2
.in
.co *************
ia
od
.n
ww
w


GATE EE - Vol 1 - Sample Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

GATE EE - Vol 1 - Sample Chapter PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

GATE

NODIA & COMPANY

Copyright © By NODIA & COMPANY

NODIA & COMPANY

Printed by Nodia and Company, Jaipur

Numerical Ability : Numerical computation, numerical estimation, numerical reasoning and

Transform Theory: Fourier transform,Laplace transform, Z-transform.

EF ELECTRIC CIRCUITS & FIELDS

EF 4 Nodal and Loop Analysis EF 82

EF 5 Circuit Theorems EF 105

EF 6 Inductor and Capacitor EF 150

EF 7 First Order RL and RC Circuits EF 190

EF 8 Second Order Circuit EF 249

EF 9 Sinusoidal Steady State Analysis EF 287

EF 10 AC Power Analysis EF 322

EF 11 Three-phase Circuits EF 360

EF 12 Magnetically Coupled Circuits EF 393

EF 13 Frequency Response EF 419

EF 14 Circuit Analysis Using Laplace Transform EF 455

EF 15 Two Port Network EF 500

EF 16 Electric Field EF 546

EF 17 Magnetic Fields EF 562

EF 18 Gate Solved Questions EF 580

EE ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONIC MEASUREMENTS

EE 1 Measurement and Error EE 3

EE 3 Electronic & Digital Instruments EE 82

EE 5 Measurement of R, L, C and AC Bridges EE 101

EE 7 Gate Solved Questions EE 151

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

EF 5.10 The value of current I in the circuit below is equal to ____A.

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1

EF 5.14 In the given circuit, the value of current I will be _____Amps.

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Which of the following circuit is equivalent to the above circuit ?

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1

(A) 2.4 W, - 24 V (B) 3 W, 16 V

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

(B) respectively are

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1

What is the value of IL (in Amps) for RL = 20 W ?

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

power dissipated in RL will be maximum ?

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4

Sample Chapter of GATE Electrical Engineering, Volume-1

n o (D) R1 , R2 and R 3 must be known

EF 5.42 The value of current I in the circuit below is equal to ____mA.

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

Buy Online: www.nodia.co.in

GATE EE vol-3 GATE EE vol-4