Relationship of Humanisation In

Engineering Engineering
Introduction
 Engineers play a key role in providing
development that can improve the
quality of life for society as a whole.
 Engineers are responsible to ensure the
design, construction, operation and
maintenance is provided to meet
existing needs without compromising
the environment, for future generations.
Environment Issue
 Environmental Performance Index (EPI)
ranks countries on performance indicator
tracked across policy categories that cover
both environmental public health and
ecosystem vitality.
 These indicators provide a gauge at a
national government scale of how close
countries are to established environmental
policy goals.
 Based (EPI) 2012, Malaysia is ranked at the
25th position.
Environment Issue
Environmental Damage
 Air Pollution
 Chemical
 Climate Change
 Land
 Flora and Fauna
 People Problem
 Hydrology
Environmental Damage (Air
Pollution)
 Acid rain:
 Acid rain affects vegetation and also
destroys limestone structures, which
includes many old buildings.
 Visual air pollution:
 Smoke, smog, and from vehicles and
factories.
 Toxic:
 Hazardous chemicals released into the air,
includes benzene, nitric compounds, etc.
Environmental Damage (Air
Pollution)
 Ozone depletion:
 Loss of ozone layer due to chlorine radicals
from CFC compounds and other man-made
compounds, causing a rising incidence of
skin carcinoma.
 Indoor air pollution:
 Low quality air in enclosed areas such as
buildings due to bad design.
 This may lead to transmission of disease and
respiratory illnesses.
Environmental Damage
(Chemical)
 Fertilizer pollution
 Excess fertilizer is toxic to the environment.
 Pesticide pollution:
 Overuse of pesticides can not only produce
immunized pests but also destroy the very
predators of pests.
 Pesticides become health risks when it
contaminates groundwater, and it also disrupts
biological habitats.
 Hazardous wastes:
 Hazardous waste is more of a problem in
developing countries, (industrialized nations).
Environmental Damage
(Climate Change)
 Desertification:
 This is defined as the "destruction of the
biological potential of the land, which can lead
ultimately to desert-like conditions."
 Extreme heat wave-droughts:
 Human disruption of the environment has to
certain extents disrupted normal weather
patterns, causing abnormal droughts.
 Microclimate disruption:
 Urban crawl and mega-projects all create a
microclimate disruption that can affect
vegetation and wildlife.
Environmental Damage
(Climate Change)
 Greenhouse effect:
 An increase in greenhouse gases - water
vapour, methane and carbon dioxide has
increased the average temperature
worldwide, creating the global warming
effect.
 Disrupted hydrological cycle:
 Large-scale human development has
disrupted the natural cycle of water.
Environmental Damage
(Land)
 Land degradation
 value of the biophysical environment is affected
by one or more combination of human-induced
processes acting upon the land
 viewed as any change or disturbance to the land
perceived to be deleterious or undesirable
 Erosion and soil conservation:
 Loss of topsoil and valuable soil constituents
due to agriculture and other human activities.
 Loss of soil leads to erosion and loss of the
land’s ability to support life.
Environmental Damage
(Flora and Fauna)
 Deforestation:
 Loss of forests is principally due to needs for
agriculture, timber and forest products
(firewood, charcoal, etc.)
 Deforestation is less pronounced in
industrialized countries as they have begun to
conserve what little forests they have left.
 Deforestation affects the hydrology system,
water retention, and affects forests as a sink for
carbon dioxide.
 Endangered and extinct flora and fauna:
 Rampant human encroachments into natural
habitats have made many species extinct.
Environmental Damage
(Flora and Fauna)
 Loss of biodiversity:
 This is happening principally due to loss of
habitat, but it can also happen with the
introduction of non-native species into a
relatively isolated habitat.
 Ocean pollution:
 Too much toxic wastes flow to the ocean,
including excess pesticides and fertilizer.
 Wetlands:
 Coastal development is threatening a very rich
and precious habitat.
Environmental Damage
(People Problem)
 Overconsumption:
 The rich consume too much, and lead wasteful lives.
 Overpopulation:
 A high growth rate puts stress on infrastructure and
society, more so if living conditions are barely adequate.
 Energy issues:
 A major portion of the world’s energy production is from
non renewable sources.
 A lot of energy is needlessly wasted because of inefficient
insulation or transmission or conversion.
 Waste disposal:
 Proper disposing of waste is a problem in large urban
areas.
Environmental Damage
(People Problem)
 Health risks
 An increase in EM radiation and chemicals over the
past 50 years have long-term effects on humans,
though it may be unnoticed by the general
population.
 Humans have also unwittingly produced pesticide-
resistant pests and antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
 Transportation pollution:
 Inefficient transportation systems and inefficient and
badly maintained vehicles.
 Noise pollution:
 Changes in lifestyle and leisure activities are causing
an increase in the incidence of hearing loss,
especially among youth.
Environmental Damage
(Hydrology)
 Water pollution:
 Little is done about degrading sources of
water due to development.
 Water rights and management:
 The management of water and how it is
shared among people, agriculture, and the
natural habitat is a difficult exercise in
ecological balance.
International Organization
for Environment
 Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change (IPCC)
 United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
 Earth System Governance Project
 Global Environment Facility
Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change (IPCC)
 to provide comprehensive scientific
assessments of current scientific,
technical and socio-economic
information worldwide about the risk of
climate change caused by human
activity, its potential environmental and
socio-economic consequences, and
possible options for adapting to these
consequences or mitigating the effects
United Nations Environment
Programme (UNEP)
 an international organization that
coordinates United Nations environmental
activities, assisting developing countries in
implementing environmentally sound
policies and practices.
 UNEP's main activities are related to:
 climate change;
 disasters and conflicts;
 ecosystem management;
 environmental governance;
 harmful substances; and
 resource efficiency.
Earth System Governance
Project
 to address with cutting-edge science the
large, complex challenge of governance in
the face of intensifying global
environmental change and earth system
transformation, and to create a better
understanding of the role of institutions,
organizations and governance mechanisms
by which humans currently regulate their
relationship with the natural environment
and global biochemical systems.
Global Environment Facility
 provides grants to developing countries
and countries with economies in transition
for projects related to biodiversity, climate
change, international waters, land
degradation, the ozone layer, and
persistent organic pollutants.
 These projects benefit the global
environment, linking local, national, and
global environmental challenges and
promoting sustainable livelihoods.
Environmental Management
System
 Refers to the management of an
organization's environmental programs
in a comprehensive, systematic, planned
and documented manner. It includes the
organisational structure, planning and
resources for developing, implementing
and maintaining policy for
environmental protection.
Environment Agencies/
Organizations in Malaysia
 Department of Environment (DOE)
 The Department’s main role is to prevent,
control and abate pollution through the
enforcement of the EQA,1974 and its 34
subsidiary legislation made there under.
Environment Agencies/
Organizations in Malaysia
 Malaysian Environmental NGOs
(MENGO)
 MENGO aspires towards an ecologically-
sound, transparent, participatory and
socially just society, through sustainable
development policies and practices related
to natural resources management and
biodiversity conservation.
Environmental Management
System
 An Environmental Management System (EMS):
 Serves as a tool to improve environmental
performance
 Provides a systematic way of managing an
organization’s environmental affairs
 Is the aspect of the organization’s overall
management structure that addresses immediate
and long-term impacts of its products, services and
processes on the environment
 Gives order and consistency for organizations to
address environmental concerns through the
allocation of resources, assignment of responsibility
and ongoing evaluation of practices, procedures and
processes
 Focuses on continual improvement of the system
Environmental Management
System
 In September 1996, the International Organization
for Standardization published the first edition of ISO
14001, the Environmental Management Systems
standard.
 This is an international voluntary standard
describing specific requirements for an EMS. ISO
14001 is a specification standard to which an
organization may receive certification or
registration.
 ISO 14001 is considered the foundation document of
the entire series. A second edition of ISO 14001 was
published in 2004, updating the standard.
 ISO14001 is the dominant environmental
management system in the world
Environmental Management
System
 The ISO 14000 family addresses various
aspects of environmental management.
 The very first two standards, ISO 14001:2004
and ISO 14004:2004 deal with environmental
management systems (EMS).
 As a guidance documents to help
organizations address environmental issues.
 Included in the family are standards for
Environmental Management Systems,
environmental and EMS auditing,
environmental labelling, performance
evaluation and life-cycle assessment.
ISO 14000 implementation
in Malaysia
 An EMS meeting the requirements of ISO
14001:2004 is a management tool enabling
an organization of any size or type to:
 identify and control the environmental impact
of its activities, products or services, and to
 improve its environmental performance
continually, and to
 implement a systematic approach to setting
environmental objectives and targets, to
achieving these and to demonstrating that they
have been achieved.
Environmental management
in Malaysia
 Controlled by Department of Environment,
Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment
 Become more focussed with the
gazzettement of the Environmental Quality
Act (EQA) on 14 March 1974.
 An enforcement agency named
Environment Division (known as
Department of Environment (DOE) in
1983) was institutionalised in 1975.
Environmental management in
Malaysia (Environment Policy)
 National Policy on the Environment which
integrates the three elements of sustainable
development: economic, social and cultural
development and environmental
conservation was formulated and
approved in 2002.
 The Policy aims at continued economic,
social and cultural progress and
enhancement of the quality of life of
Malaysians through environmentally
sound and sustainable development.
Environmental management in
Malaysia (Environment Policy)
 Based on eight (8) inter-related and mutually
supporting principles set to harmonise
economic development goals with
environmental imperatives:
 Stewardship of the Environment
 Conservation of Nature’s Vitality and Diversity
 Continuous Improvement in the Quality of the
Environment
 Sustainable Use of Natural Resources
 Integrated Decision-Making
 Role of the Private Sector
 Commitment and Accountability
 Active Participation in the International Community
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 DOE Handbooks
 Metal Finishing - Electroplating, 1999
 Raw Natural Rubber Industry, 1999
 Crude Palm Oil Industry, 1999
 Textile and Clothing Industry, 2000
 Food Industry - Noodle Process, 2000
 Handbook for Legislators: A Guide to Air
Pollution, 2003
 Handbook for Legislators: A Guide to Water
Quality, 2003
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 EIA Guidelines
 EIA Guidelines For Coastal Resort
Development Projects
 EIA Guidelines For Petrochemical Industries
 EIA Guidelines For Industrial Estate
Development
 Penilaian Kesan Kepada Alam Sekeliling
Bagi Pembangunan Padang Golf
 EIA Guidelines For Development Of Tourist
And Recreational Facilities In National Park
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 EIA Guidelines
 EIA Guidelines For Development Of Tourist
And Recreational Facilities On Island In
Marine Parks
 EIA Guildelines For Drainage and/or
Irrigation Projects
 EIA Guidelines For Fishing Harbours
and/or Land Based Aquaculture Projects
 EIA Guidelines For Dam and/or Reservoir
Projects
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 EIA Guidelines
 EIA Guidelines For Coastal and Land
Reclamation
 EIA Guidelines For Agriculture
 EIA Guidelines For Housing and Township
Development Projects
 EIA Guidelines For Risk Assessment
 EIA Guidelines For Industrial Projects
 EIA Guidelines For Toxic And Hazardous
Waste Treatment And Disposal Projects
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 EIA Guidelines
 EIA Guidelines For Municipal Solid Waste
And Sewage Treatment And Disposal
Projects
 A Handbook Of EIA Guidelines
 Guidelines For Siting And Zoning Of
Industries
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Land / Industrial Development
 Siting and Zoning of Industries, 1976
[revised 1994]
 Prevention and Control of Soil Erosion and
Siltation,1978 [revised 1996:1999]
 Environmental Requirements : A Guide for
Investors (1989) [reprint 1996;1999]
 Interim guidelines for Controlled Burning of
Felled Plant Materials and Combustible
Solid Wastes from Housing Industry in the
Klang Valley, 1991
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Marine Enforcement Activities
 Marine Pollution Enforcement Procedure
 Manual of Monitoring Procedure
 Manual of Marine Water Monitoring
Procedure
 National Contingency Planning
 National Contingency Plan for Oil Spill
Control
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Ozone Depleting Substances
 Control Measures for Protection of Ozone
Layer, 1994
 Project Preparation under the Multilateral
Fund, 1995
 Prequalifying and Selection Criteria for
Acceptable Alternatives of Ozone Depleting
Substances in Malaysia, 1995
 Halon Directory
 Siginificant New Alternatives List For
Ozone Depleting Substances, 1999
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Code of Practice for Service Stations, 1980
[revised 1993]
 Explanatory Notes: Clean Air Requlations &
You, 1980
 Air Pollution Control measures in Palm Oil
Mills, 1985 [revised 1997]
 Erection of Fuel Burning Equipment, 1981
 Collection, Transportation and Disposal of
Solid Wastes, 1981
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Best Practicable Means for Minimization of
Offensive Odour from Fishmeal Factories,
1981
 Best Practicable Means for Wood-based
Industries, 1981
 Application for Written Permission to Install
Generators, 1982
 Selection of Landfill Sites for Scheduled
Wastes, 1985
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Monitoring of Landfills for Scheduled
Wastes, 1985
 Scheduled Waste Sampling, 1985
 Recommended Code of Practice for the
Disposal of Solid Wastes on Land, 1985
 Standard Methods For Analysis of Rubber
and Palm Oil Mill Effluents [revised 1985]
 Installation of Tee Pee and Package Type
Incinerators, 1985
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Stack Sampling, 1989
 Private Investments in Toxic Hazardous
Waste Disposal Facilities (Secured Landfills)
1989
 Disposal of Asbestos Wastes 1993 [revised
1995]
 Export of Scheduled Wastes, 1993
 Storage of Scheduled Wastes, 1993
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Interim Guidelines for the Transportation of
Dangerous Goods (Chemicals Not
Otherwise Controlled) 1993
 Import of Scheduled Wastes, 1994
 Zero Burning of Felled Plant Materials, 1994
 Open Burning of Felled Plant Materials
(Agricultural Wastes) 1981, [revised 1994]
 Management and Disposal of Wastes from
Downstream Petroleum Industries, 1994
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Notification and Control Procedure for
Movement of Waste between Singapore and
Malaysia, 1995
 Disposal of Asbestos Wastes 1993 [revised
1995]
 Export, Import and Storage of Scheduled
Wastes in Malaysia (CD ROM)
 Implementation of the Basel Convention in
Malaysia
Malaysia Environment
Guideline
 Waste Management
 Monitoring and Control of Pollution from
Cement Plants, 1996
 Air Emission Load Calculation, 2000
 Disposal of Chemical Wastes from
Laboratories, 2000
 Applications for Licenses and Permits for
Hazardous Activities, 1990
 Processing Written Permission for Industrial
Waste Water Treatment Systems, 2000
MSC Malaysia Status
 Recognition by Malaysian Government
through Multimedia Development
Corporation (MDeC) for companies that
participate and undertake its ICT
activities in MSC Malaysia.
 Awarded to the companies that develop
or use multimedia technologies to
produce or enhance their products and
services and for process development.
MSC Malaysia Status
 One of criteria for MSC Malaysia status is
to comply with environmental guidelines.
 To maintain the status, companies are
expected to continuosly comply with the
MSC Malaysia environmental guidelines as
stipulate in :
 Environmental Guidelines for the MSC
Malaysia Investor’s Guide
 Physical Planning Guidelines for the MSC
Malaysia September 2000
 Urban Design Guidelines for Cyberjaya,
September 2000.
Benefits of MSC Malaysia
Status
 World Class physical and information
infrastructure
 Allow unrestricted employment of
foreign knowledge workers
 Freedom of ownership by exempting
from local ownership requirements
 No Income tax for up to 10 years or
Investment Tax Allowance (ITA)
Benefits of MSC Malaysia
Status
 No Duties on importation of
Multimedia Equipment
 Intelectual Property Protection and
Cyberlaws
 No censorship of the Internet.
 Competitive telecommunication tariff
 Tender key MSC infrastructure
contracts
Environmental Objective
of MSC
 Maintain a clean and safe environment
throughout the MSC.
 Maintain a top quality of life and
provide a world-class working
atmosphere.
 Minimize the impact of industry and
enterprises within the MSC.
 Emphasize pollution-prevention
strategies rather than curative
measures.
Environmental Objective
of MSC
 Incorporate economically friendly
strategies for conserving water, energy,
and recycling.
 Promote the use of high-tech methods
and operations for industrial
applications.
MSC Environmental
Targets
 To have a near-zero emission target.
 To use solar and waste power
generation.
 To use rainwater and recycled water.
 To prohibit the use of hazardous
materials.
 To achieve harmony with existing
topology and ecology.
MSC Environmental
Targets
 To maximize space utilization without
compromising on environment.
 To use automation wherever possible.
What is Engineering
Ethics?
 Engineering Ethics is the study of moral
issues and decisions confronting
individuals and organizations engaged
in engineering.
 The Study of related questions about
moral ideals, character, policies and
relationship ofpeople and corporations
involved in technologicalactivity.
Why??
 Engineering ethics is not about preaching
virtue rather, its objective is to increase
your ability as engineers to responsibly
confront moral issues raised by
technological activity.
 Engineering ethics represents the attempts
of professional engineers to define proper
courses in their dealing with each other,
with their clients and employees and with
the general public.
Engineering Ethics
 Issue of ethics arise because of the
specialist knowledge of the Professional,
and how the use of this knowledge
should be governed when providing a
service to the public
Engineering Ethics
 Example :
 Engineer  possess specialist
knowledge and training
 Client  places trust in the Engineer
that the service provided will be to the
client’s best interest
 Engineer  must not use the specialist
knowledge and training to exploit the
Client  incorporating overly high
factor of safety in his designs
Scope of Engineering
Ethics
Engineering as
Social
Moral Experimentation
Reasoning & The Engineers
Ethical Theories Responsibility for
safety

Engineers and Scope

Managers,
Responsibility to
Consultants and Employees
headers

Global Issues Rights of Engineers

Code of Ethics
 The code of ethics consists of principles
and canons about the rules of
professional behavior suitable for all
specialties.
 Ethics codes are valuable as general
guides to professional conduct, as
educational tools and as a basic for court
proceedings and formal support and
enforcement procedures. They are
useful in justifying ethical behavior to
others.
Code of Ethics
 The code of ethics is designed to instill
trust and confidence the public on the
profession. The public is protected from
abuse of knowledge of the profession
for his interest.
 The code of ethics ensures that all
professional advice shall be to the best
of his knowledge, be unbiased, sound
and objective.
Code of Ethics
 The code of ethics also requires that a member
shall not recklessly or maliciously injure the
reputation and prospect of another member. By
doing so, the profession can work together
towards the advancement of the profession.
 By name man is greedy and without a proper code
of ethics, he tends to exploit the layman using his
special knowledge to achieve personal interest.
The code ensures that whatever action taken by
the profession, it shall be the best of the client's
interest and to the public.
Importance of Code of
Ethics
 To protect the public from abuse of
knowledge
 As general guides to professional
conduct
 Prevent reckless or malicious criticism
among members
 To instill trust and confidence to the
public on the profession
Code of Professional
Conduct
 A set of internally enforced rules or
regulations that members of a Profession
must follow
 The main intention is to ensure public
safety, prevent exploitation of the Client,
and preserve the integrity of the Profession
 Code of Professional Conduct  Given in
Part IV of Registration of Engineers
Regulations 1990
 Failure to observe infringement of REA
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 23
Conduct of Registered Engineer
Every registered Engineer shall at all times
uphold the dignity, high standing and
reputation of his profession
 Regulation 24
Responsibility to employer, client or profession
A registered Engineer in his responsibility
to his employer, client or the profession
shall have full regard to the public interest
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 25
Discharge of duties
(1) A registered Engineer shall discharge
his duties to his employer or client as the
case may be with complete fidelity
(2) Except with the permission of his
employer, a registered Engineer shall not
accept any remuneration for services
rendered other than from his employer
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 26
Reputation etc. of a registered Engineer not
to be injured
A registered Engineer shall not
maliciously injure or attempt to
maliciously injure whether directly or
indirectly, the professional reputation,
prospects or business of another
registered Engineer
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 27
Canvassing and advertising prohibited
A registered Engineer shall not :
(a) canvass or solicit professional
employment;
(b) offer to make by way of commission or
any other payment for the introduction of
his professional employment;
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 27(cont)
(c) except as permitted by the Board,
advertise in any manner or form in
connection with his profession; or
(d) provide professional engineering
services to any person, unless the scope of
such services are clearly defined in a
written agreement between both parties
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 28
A registered Engineer in an Engineering
Consultancy Practice (ECP) not to practice
with any person whose registration has been
cancelled
A registered Engineer in an Engineering
Consultancy Practice shall not practice
engineering with any person whose
registration has been cancelled
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 29
Restrictions on making payments or placing
contracts
A registered Engineer in an ECP shall not
be a medium of payment made on his
client’s behalf unless he is so requested by
his client nor shall he, in connection with
work on which he is employed, placed
contracts or orders except with the
authority of and on behalf of his client
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 31
A registered Engineer is not to intervene or to take over
the work of another
A registered Engineer shall not directly or
indirectly :
(a) supplant or attempt to supplant another
registered Engineer;
(b) intervene or attempt to intervene in or in
connection with engineering work of any kind
which to his knowledge has already been
entrusted to another registered Engineer; or
Code of Professional
Conduct
(c) take over any work of that other
registered Engineer acting for the same
client unless he has :
(i) obtained the consent of that other
registered Engineer; or
(ii) been formally notified by the
client that the services of that other
registered Engineer have been
terminated
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 32
Restrictions on being a director, member or
shareholder of contracting and manufacturing
company, etc
(1) Except with the prior approval of
Board, a registered Engineer in an ECP
shall not be a director or executive of or
substantial shareholder in or agent for any
contracting or manufacturing company or
firm or business related to building or
engineering
Code of Professional
Conduct
(2) If such approval is given, such
registered Engineer shall not undertake
any contract work wherein he is
engaged to provide professional
engineering services in such project
unless it is in respect of a “design and
build” project
Code of Professional
Conduct
 Regulation 33
Disclosure of interest
Every registered Engineer while acting in
his professional capacity shall disclose in
writing to his client of the fact if he is a
director/ member/ substantial shareholder
in or agent for any contracting/
manufacturing company/ firm/ business
or has any financial interest in any such
company/ firm/ business, with which he
deals on behalf of his client
Guidelines for Code of
Professional Conduct by BEM
 A Registered Engineer shall at all times
hold paramount the safety, health and
welfare of the public.
 A Registered Engineer shall undertake
assignments only if he is qualified by
education and experience in the specific
technical fields in which he is involved.
 A Registered Engineer shall issue public
statements only in objective and truthful
manner.
Guidelines for Code of
Professional Conduct by BEM
 A Registered Engineer shall act for each
employer or clients as faithful agent or
trustee.
 A Registered Engineer shall conduct
himself honorably, responsibly, ethically
and lawfully so as to enhance the honor,
reputation and usefulness of the
profession.
Case Example 1
1) Developer AA engages Engr #1 for an
industrial project
2) AA is unhappy with the work of Engr #1
and discharges him
3) AA then engages Engr #2 to complete the
work
4) Engr #1 complains to the Board on the
conduct of Engr #2
5) Has Engr #2 committed an offence under
the Registration on Engineers Act (REA)?
Case Example 1
 Regulation 31
A registered Engineer is not to intervene or to take over
the work of another
A registered Engineer shall not directly or
indirectly :
(a) supplant or attempt to supplant another
registered Engineer;
(b) intervene or attempt to intervene in or in
connection with engineering work of any kind
which to his knowledge has already been
entrusted to another registered Engineer; or
Case Example 1
c) take over any work of that other
registered Engineer acting for the same
client unless he has :
(i) obtained the consent of that other
registered Engineer; or

Circular 1/2006 Consent in writing in

a letter to be known as “Letter of
Release”.
Case Example 2
1) Engineer A is working with Consultant
ABC and he/she is responsible to the
Construction of School Building by Public
Work Department (PWD).
2) Consultant ABC is require to choose
concrete supplier which one of them are
belongs to Engineer A.
3) Has Engineer A committed an offence
under the Registration on Engineers Act
(REA)?
Advantages of Code of
Ethics
 Set out the ideals and responsibilities of the
profession.
 Protecting both client and professionals.
 Improve the profile of profession.
 Motivate and inspire practitioners, by
attempting to define their reasons.
 Provide guidance on acceptable conduct
 Raise awareness and consciousness issue.
 Improve quality and consistency.
Disadvantages of Code of
Ethics.
 Whether the so-called standards are
obligatory, or are merely an aspiration.
 Whether such a code is desirable or
feasible.
 Whether ethical value are universal or
cultural relativistic.
 The difficulty of providing universal
guidance given the heterogeneous
nature of the profession.
Introduction
 At a minimum, a profession is an
occupation that requires advanced training
in the liberal arts or sciences and mental
rather than manual work.
 This definition excludes professional
athletes, police, firefighters, politicians,
actors, and soldiers.
 But being a professional is more than being
in or of a profession. True professionals are
those who pursue their learned art in a
spirit of public service.
True professionalism
characteristics
 Professional decisions are made by means of
general principles, theories, or propositions
that are independent of the particular case
under consideration.
 Professional decisions imply knowledge in a
specific area in which the person is expert. The
professional is an expert only in his or her
profession and not an expert at everything.
 A professional's relations with his or her
clients are objective and independent of
particular sentiments about them.
True professionalism
characteristics
 A professional achieves status and financial
reward by accomplishment, not by
inherent qualities such as birth order, race,
religion, sex, or age or by membership in a
union.
 A professional's decisions are assumed to
be on behalf of the client and to be
independent of self-interest.
True professionalism
characteristics
 The professional relates to a voluntary association
of professionals and accepts only the authority of
those colleagues as a sanction on his or her own
behavior.
 A professional is someone who knows better what
is good for clients than do the clients. The
professional's expertise puts the client into a very
vulnerable position. This vulnerability has
necessitated the development of strong
professional codes and ethics, which serve to
protect the client. Such codes are enforced through
the colleague peer group.
Behavior of an Engineer
 Engineers uphold and advance the
integrity, honor and dignity of the
engineering profession by:
 Using their knowledge and skill for the
enhancement of human welfare;
 Being honest and impartial and serving with
fidelity the public, their employers and
clients;
 Striving to increase the competence and
prestige of the engineering profession; and
 Supporting the professional and technical
societies of their disciplines.