SECTION 13110

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS - ABOVEGROUND

NTS: 1. This specification applies only to FRP tanks with a service temperature less than
160 F. The use of FRP tanks above that temperature requires extremely careful
analysis and selection of resins. This specification section requires careful
review by the specifier. The specifier is required to modify the section according
to the requirements of the project. Brackets indicate items to be checked,
completed, edited, selected, or filled in. NTS notations and brackets should be
removed in the final printing.

2. This section shall be used for tanks with a volume of 3,000 gallons or greater.
Small diameter tanks (<= 6' dia.) with a height to diameter ratio less than 1:1,
(~1,250 gallons) are often manufactured using what is called "Contact Molding"
because structural considerations do not require the hoop and tensile strengths
available from filament winding. The specifications contained herein apply
primarily to filament wound tanks.

3. For small volume tanks, the Engineer may want to consider High Density
Crosslinked Polyethylene (HDCPE) Tanks, Section 13210. The Engineer should
carefully evaluate this application to ensure that the tank material and construction
is suitable for the intended service. Although HDCPE is sometimes considered
suitable for a high grade 12-1/2% sodium hypochlorite solution, lower quality
grades, often the result of government procurement practices, can result in a
solution that contains (a) greater than 12-1/2% NaOCl, (b) trace metals, or (c)
excess alkalinity. Any one of these can cause HDCPE construction to fail
prematurely. Warranties on HDCPE tanks often contain escape clauses relating to
the above. These same warranties often contain restrictions on maximum
delivery [and storage] temperatures that may not be achievable at all WWTP within
the Los Angeles area.

4. Notice to Reviewers: Specifications for Contact Molded Tanks have not been
significantly reviewed or modified.

(Formerly Master Spec. Sec. 13209_mf/ww)

PART 1 -- GENERAL

1.1 THE REQUIREMENT

A. General: The CONTRACTOR shall furnish all labor, equipment, materials, tools, supplies, fittings,
and appurtenances required for the fabrication, support, installation, anchorage, hook-up, lining,
protective coating, and testing of fiberglass-reinforced plastic tank(s), and all appurtenant work, for
a complete and workable installation as specified herein, in accordance with the requirements of
the Contract Documents and data sheets attached to this section.

B. The items specified under this Section shall be furnished by manufacturers having experience in
the manufacture of similar products for a period of at least 5 years. The tank manufacturers
experience shall include at least ten (10) tanks of equal or greater size, and of generally similar
construction to those specified herein. In addition, each of these 10 tanks, shall have been in
service for a period of at least three years.

C. All plastic and fiberglass items shall be manufactured of material suitable for the chemicals they
serve, and shall be certified for such use on the shop drawings. Tanks shall be designed by a civil

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[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
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 or structural engineer registered in state of California with a minimum of 5 years experience in
fiberglass construction. The designs shall be checked for all loads to be incurred during service,
including, but not limited to, initial lifting and setting into place, wind, thermal stress and
earthquake loads including sloshing. These designs and calculations shall be stamped, signed
and then submitted to the CITY for approval.

1.2 RELATED WORK SPECIFIED ELSEWHERE

A. Divisions [2] Sitework and [15] Mechanical as applicable.

B. Section [09800] Protective Coating.

1.3 REFERENCE SPECIFICATIONS, CODES AND STANDARDS

A. Comply with the reference specifications of the General Requirements.

B. Comply with the current provisions of the following codes and standards.

1. Commercial Standards

ANSI/NFPA 70 National Electrical Code.

ANSI B16.5 Pipe flanges and flanged fittings.

ASTM C 581 Practice for Determining Chemical Resistance of

Thermosetting Resins Used in Glass Fiber Reinforced
Structures, Intended for Liquid Service.

ASTM C 582 Standard Specification for Contact-Molded Reinforced

Thermoset Laminates for Corrosion Resistant Equipment

ASTM D 638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics.

ASTM D 695 Test Method for Compressive Properties of Rigid

Plastics.

ASTM D 790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and

Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials.

ASTM D 883 Definitions of Terms Relating to Plastics.

ASTM D 1599 Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic Failure Pressure

of Plastic Pipe, Tubing and Fittings.

ASTM D 2563 Recommended Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in

Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts.

ASTM D 2583 Test Method for Indentation Hardness of Rigid Plastics

by Means of a Barcol Impressor.

ASTM D 2584 Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured Reinforced

Resins.

ASTM D 3299 Specification for Filament-Wound Glass Fiber

Reinforced. Thermoset Resin Chemical-Resistant
Tanks.

ASTM D 4097 Standard Specification for Contact-Molded Glass-Fiber-

Reinforced Thermoset Resin Chemical-Resistant Tanks.

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 2. Codes

UBC Uniform Building Code, International Conference of

Building Officials.

LABC Los Angeles Building Code.

3. Design References

"Seismic Design for Buildings, TM 5-809-10, NAVAC P-355, AFM 88-3"; Chapter 13, by
Department of the Army, Navy and Air Force, 1982.

API 650; Appendix E, Welded Steel Tanks for Storage

C. When two or more of the above regulations are applicable, the more stringent requirement shall
be met.

1.4 CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS

A. Submittals shall be made in accordance with the General Requirements.

B. Shop Drawings: The CONTRACTOR shall furnish shop drawings of all items and accessories in
accordance with the General Requirements. Shop drawings shall include detailed design
calculations stamped by a registered engineer, bill of materials listing all components, resins,
catalysts, promoters, ultraviolet light absorbers, agents, reinforcing materials, etc., with
manufacturer's name, trade and identification marks. The laminate sequence used for all tanks
must either be attached to or included on drawings used by the fabricator's shop personnel.

C. Data Requirements: The drawings and data submitted shall include the following:

1. Name of manufacturer.

2. Dimensions including anchor bolt layouts.

3. Nozzle schedule including size,thickness or schedule, pressure rating, elevation, and

orientation.

4. Details of all clips and lugs for ladders, stairs, platforms, hold down lugs, pipe brackets, and
anchor bolts, used as integral parts of the tank shall be accompanied with calculations
verifying stability of the tanks. Calculations showing compliance with OSHA and building
code requirements shall be stamped and signed by a state of California registered civil or
structural engineer.

5. Details of structural support members. The spacing on all tank supported pipe supports
shall be a maximum 5-feet on centers.

6. Equipment capacity (gallons).

7. Maximum design specific gravity.

8. Maximum design temperature

NTS: The maximum design temperature should be less than 160 F.

9. Equipment weights, empty and filled with the liquid to be stored in the tank.

10. Laminate sequence of construction and all materials of construction listed.

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 11. [Resin, type and hardness and catalysts, promoters, ultraviolet light absorber, agent
to be used.]

12. [Curing compounds and cure process.]

13. [Liquid level gage including guard details where applicable.]

14. [References for filament wound and contact molded.]

15. Specifications and recommended torques for all supplied bolting, gaskets and accessory
items.

16. Structural and seismic calculations for tank and anchoring system shall be submitted to
the ENGINEER and the Department of Building and Safety for review and approval.

17. Design criteria for the following physical laminate properties.

a. Contact Molded Tanks:

(1) Tensile strength of the laminate.

(2) Flexural strength of the laminate.

(3) Tangent Modulus of the laminate.

(4) Minimum physical properties for the tests enumerated in ASTM C582.

b. Filament Wound Tanks:

(1) Tensile strength of the laminate.

(2) Flexural strength of the laminate.

(3) Tangent Modulus of the laminate.

(4) Minimum physical properties for the tests enumerated in ASTM C582.

(5) Strain Modulus per ASTM C582

c. Contact Molded Appurtenances of Filament Wound Tanks:

(1) As specified above for Contact Molded Tanks.

18. Identification of products to be used for coating the tanks.

D. Certified Laboratory for Core Sample: The CONTRACTOR shall submit the address and
certification information for the laboratory which he shall use to test core samples taken from the
tanks specified herein. [The certified laboratory shall be approved by the INSPECTOR.] The
following list of laboratories is presented solely for the CONTRACTOR'S convenience; no
warrantee by the ENGINEER is made or implied.

1. Twining Laboratories, [Long Beach, CA, 562-426-3355.]

2. American Research and Testing Inc. [Gardena, CA, 310-538-9709.]

3. United States Testing Co. Inc. [Los Angeles, CA, 213-723-7181.]

4. Southwest Research Lab, [San Antonio, TX]

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 NTS: The Bureau of Contract Administration constantly updates its list of approved
testing laboratories. Check for most recent listings.

1.5 QUALITY ASSURANCE

A. Performance Bond: The CONTRACTOR shall submit a performance bond, to the CITY, for each
tank provided under this specification. The amount of each bond shall be equal to the purchase
price of the tank, as determined by the price paid by the CONTRACTOR to its tank supplier. The
bond shall warrant that the tank shall not be damaged by corrosion caused by the material stored
in the tank for a period of three (3) years, from the date the tank is put into beneficial service,
provided that the tank be kept in the service specified herein. If the CITY changes the service of
the tank during the bonded warranty period, the bond shall become void and the bond shall be
released. Should the tank be damaged by corrosion during the warranty period, to the extent that
the tank begins to leak, the warrantor shall have the option to repair or replace the tank. In either
case the bonded warranty period shall remain in effect until the end of the original term.

B. Cut Out Test: A core sample shall be taken from each tank specified herein [,and shall be tested
in accordance with ASTM D 638 for tensile properties of plastics in both the hoop and axial
directions and ASTM D 2584 for fiberglass content.]. The sample shall be taken from the tank
after its sidewall fabrication has been completed. The core sample shall penetrate through the
entire sidewall of the tank and shall be cut from a portion of the tank that will be penetrated by a
tank connection. [Where cutouts from tank sides are not large enough to perform all tests,
or are not located in the thickest part of the tank wall, the CONTRACTOR shall fabricate a
tank shell height 12 inches longer than specified with strength characteristics similar to the
thickest section of the tank shell. The excess tank shell shall be used for testing.]The
testing of the core sample shall depend on the design of each individual tank provided under this
Section of the Specifications.

1. Tanks without access hatches shall be tested for glass content by ignition loss per ASTM D
4097 and ASTM D 2584; with the following modifications:

a. Tanks with an inner layer which is reinforced by C-glass shall be tested per ASTM D
4097 Section 11.4. The passing criteria for the combined glass content of the inner
liner and interior layer shall be a combined glass content within the range of 22% to
27%.

b. Tanks with an inner layer which is reinforced with Nexus veil shall be tested per
ASTM D 4097 Section 11.4 with this modification: the Nexus veil layer shall be split
from the sample before it is tested for ignition loss per ASTM D 2584. The passing
criteria shall be a glass content within the range of 22% to 27%.

2. Contact molded tanks with access hatches shall be tested for glass content as per
subparagraph 1 above and for physical properties as per Section 11 of ASTM D 4097,
Sections 11.5, 11.6, 11.7 and 11.8. The passing criteria for each of these physical
properties shall be the minimum value specified by the civil or structural engineer who
designed the tank construction as required in Subsections 1.1.C, THE REQUIREMENT,
and 1.4, CONTRACTOR SUBMITTALS, herein.

3. Filament wound tanks with access hatches shall be tested for glass content as per
subparagraph 1 above and for strain modulus as per Section 11.5.1 of ASTM D 3299. The
passing criteria for strain modulus shall be the minimum value specified by the design
engineer who certifies the tank construction as required in Subsection 1.1 and Subsection
1.4 herein.

The CONTRACTOR shall notify the ENGINEER and the INSPECTOR, in a timely manner,
when the tank is ready to be cored. The ENGINEER and the INSPECTOR, in turn, will
notify the CONTRACTOR of the time at which the core sample shall be taken, said time to
be within five (5) working days after the ENGINEER and the INSPECTOR have received
notification from the CONTRACTOR. The core sample shall not be taken without
authorization by the ENGINEER and the INSPECTOR. At its convenience, the ENGINEER

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-5
 or the INSPECTOR may elect to witness the coring. The core sample shall be tested for
compliance with the physical properties specified by the structural design submitted by the
CONTRACTOR. Noncompliance of the core sample shall be cause for rejection of the tank.
Tanks shall not be removed from the place of their manufacture until approval of the core
sample test by the ENGINEER and the INSPECTOR.

PART 2 -- PRODUCTS

2.1 TANK CONSTRUCTION AND DESIGN

A. Standards:

Construction of filament wound tanks shall be in accordance with ASTM D3299. Construction of
contact molded tanks, tops and bottoms of filament wound tanks, and all other fittings and
appurtenances, shall be in accordance with ASTM D4097 and C582.

B. Design:

NTS: 1. Based on the following, a decision should be made as to whether the tanks are
to be filament wound or contact molded. The specification should then be
edited to reflect this decision.

2. Tops, bottoms, nozzle connections, and other appurtenances to filament wound

tanks are contact molded.

1. General: Fiberglass tanks shall be constructed using the filament winding or contact
molded method. Tanks shall have a minimum wall thickness of 5/16-inch, access hatches
and accessories where shown, and 1-1/2 inch radius sidewall knuckles. Tank sidewall
thickness shall have a continuous taper not made of stepped thickness courses, or shall
have a uniform thickness which shall be equal to the maximum design thickness for any
portion of the tank side wall. Any tank where the ratio of shell height to diameter is greater
than one (1) shall be filament wound. Tanks less than 6'-0" diameter can be manufactured
with either contact molded or filament wound construction. Tanks greater than 6'-0" in
diameter shall be filament wound. Shallow helical winding or hoop winding without axial
reinforcing glass is not allowed. Hoop wound and chop construction with no other
reinforcing is not allowed. Acceptable methods of filament wound construction are as
follows:

a. Helical wound with a wind angle of 55 degrees.

b. Helical winding with wind angle less than 55 degrees but includes chopped fiberglass
roving and woven roving between wind cycles.

c. Hoop filament winding with uni-directional glass or woven roving placed between wind
cycles.

2. Flanged Nozzles: Each flanged nozzle shall have four (4) plate gussets. Conical gussets
are not allowed. The minimum strength requirements of the nozzles for bending and torque
shall be as shown in Table 1 below. Gaskets shall be provided for each flange. Unless
otherwise specified, all gaskets shall be full face [Teflon], [Viton] or [Hypalon]. All flanged
nozzles shall comply with ANSI B16.5. The chemical resistant barrier shall be smooth and
continuous from the inner tank wall to the flanged face of each nozzle.

3. Filament-wound: For filament-wound tanks the design stress shall be determined using an
allowable strain value of 0.0010 in/in max. Longitudinal stress in filament-wound tanks may
be resisted by hoop and chop construction, hoop and longitudinal fiber construction, a
suitably low filament wrap angle, i.e. the projected angle between the longitudinal axis of the
tank and the laying direction of the filament, or a combination of these methods; with the
exception that for tanks with a height to diameter ratio greater than 1:1, hoop and chop

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 construction shall not be allowed.

4. Contact Molded: For contact molded tanks, the design stress shall be 10 percent of the
minimum ultimate tensile stress of the selected laminated thickness given in ASTM D4097,
thereby providing a factor of safety of 10:1 against load conditions.

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 TABLE 1

MINIMUM STRENGTH REQUIREMENTS FOR FLANGED NOZZLES

FLANGE SIZE BENDING MOMENT TORQUE

nominal inches ft-lb ft-lb

1/2 14 60

3/4 19 60

1 29 60

1 1/4 42 60

1½ 52 60

2 75 120

2½ 114 120

3 159 120

3½ 200 120

4 254 120

5 358 200

6 488 200

8 792 200

10 1190 320

12 1614 320

C. Top Head, Connections and Liquid Level Gage:

1. Top Head: Top heads shall be either dished or flat. Flat heads shall have integral, exterior
structural members. The top head shall be designed for an external live load of 25 pounds
per square foot. The top head shall also be designed to support a single concentrated load
of 250 pounds on any 4-inch by 4-inch area. The outer surface of the top head shall be
provided with an anti-skid surface for additional safety during maintenance operations.

NTS: Use this section where access ports/access hatches are required.

2. Access ports/access hatches: There shall be hinged and flanged access hatches installed
on the top of each tank. There shall be a flanged access hatch on the side of each tank.
The location of the access hatches shall be as shown on the drawings.

3. Connections: Each tank shall be furnished with pipe connections for fill, outlet, drain, liquid
level indication, vent, overflow, and other connections as shown on the data sheets.

4. Liquid Level Gage: Each of the tanks shall be provided with a liquid level gage that will
give visual indication of tank liquid level between the respective nozzle connections shown

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[12/12/07] 13110-8
 on the data sheets. The liquid level gage shall be a side-mounted, float-chamber type
complete with magnetic float actuator. Gages longer than 72-inches shall be supported by
fiberglass clips bonded to the tank wall at their midpoint, or at 5 foot intervals, whichever
distance is shortest. The float material shall be light enough to maintain buoyancy, and shall
include a magnetic assembly. The indicator tube shall be hermetically sealed glass. The
indicator tube and scale assembly shall be attached to the float chamber. The indicator
shall be magnetically coupled to the float chamber and consist of a series of small metal
flags that are silver on one side and red on the other. These flippers shall rotate to show
the other color as the fluid level in the tank rises and falls. All wetted components of the
assembly shall be compatible with the chemicals stored in the tank. The scale shall be
clearly marked in inches and feet. The gage shall be provided with flanged shutoff valves for
connecting to the top and bottom flanged connections on the tank. The liquid level gage
shall also include a drain valve.

The liquid level gage shall be a Mag Tech Model LG6-FS, or equal.

NTS: The most common choice of material for the wetted parts in the liquid level gage is
CPVC. However, the use of CPVC should be avoided in NaOCl applications
because components of CPVC do not bond (glue) as well as PVC. For NaOCl
applications, the recommended material is PVC.

D. Fiberglass Tank Schedule: The following fiberglass tanks are included in this Section.

Equip. Equip. Working Hgt. Dia. Usable Max.

Name No. Fluid In. In. Vol. Temp.
Gal. °F

[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]

E. Tanks shall be designed according to the Uniform Building Code to resist stresses created by a
seismic Zone IV design load when the tank is full of the intended liquid for this service. The
design shall also take into account seismic generated sloshing according to the methodology
described in Seismic Design for Buildings, TM 5-809-10, NAVAC P-355, AFM 88-3"; Chapter 13,
by Department of the Army, Navy and Air Force, 1982 and API #650; Appendix E, Welded Steel
Tanks for Storage.

2.2 MATERIALS OF CONSTRUCTION

NTS: The ideal choice of the materials of construction is dependent on the chemical to
be stored in the tank. The following section has been written to apply to tanks for
storing either sodium hypochlorite or sodium bisulfite. Other chemicals may
require other resins and chemical resistant barriers (veils). The specifier should
carefully research suitable materials of construction.

A. Resin: Resin to be used in fabricating the tanks shall be a vinyl-ester resin such as Derakane
411-35 as manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Hetron 922 as manufactured by Ashland
Chemicals or equal. Polyester resins are not acceptable. The minimum elongation of the resin
shall be 5.5%, consistent with corrosion resistance to the tanks intended service and the
maximum tank operating temperature. Fillers up to 2 percent by weight of thixotropic agent may
be used for viscosity control in the paraffinated top coat on vertical surfaces, provided it will not
interfere with visual inspection. To insure that fresh resin is used, at the completion of the job, lot
numbers of the resin used must be shipped with the completed tank. For NaOCl tanks, the cure
compound shall be Benzoyl Peroxide catalyst with a Dimethyl Aniline accelerator (BPO/DMA) for
NaOCl tanks. For NaHSO3 tanks, the cure compound shall be Methyl Ethyl Ketone Peroxide
(MEKP) with 9% active oxygen. The cure process used for the resin shall be in accordance with
the resin manufacturer's current recommendations. Proper curing of the resin is the fabricator's
responsibility. All products fabricated in this specification shall be cured to at least 90 percent of
the minimum Barcol hardness specified by the resin manufacturer. The requirement applies to

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-9
 both interior and exterior surfaces. A separately cured, unreinforced Gel-Coat shall not be used.
No chemical-resistant surface (resins), interior or exterior, shall be acetone sensitive. Where
application of polyester film to prevent air inhibition of these surfaces is impractical, a wax
containing resin coating formulated according to the resin manufacturer's most recent
recommendations, must be used. The minimum thickness of the polyester film shall be 4 mils.
No pigment shall be used in the resins used for fabrication as this will hamper the visual
inspection of the tank for air bubbles, voids, dry glass, etc. Protection against ultra-violet (U.V.) is
achieved in the outer jacket or coating.

B. Chemical Resistant Barrier: The Chemical surfacing mat (veil) for sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl)
tanks shall be a Nexus (polyester) veil, minimum 20 mils thick. The chemical surfacing mat for the
sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) tanks shall be C-veil, minimum 10 mils thick. Chopped strand mat
shall be Type E (electrical borosilicate) glass, 1-1/2 oz per sq ft, with silane finish and a styrene-
soluble reactive binder. Continuous roving used in chopper gun for spray-up shall be Type E
glass. Woven roving shall be Type E glass, nominal 24 oz/sq yd, 4 by 5 weave, with silane-type
finish. Continuous roving used for filament winding shall be Type E glass with a silane type finish.

C. Coating: The coating materials shall be as specified in Section [09800 PROTECTIVE COATING
of these Specifications, paragraph 2.2 Industrial Coating Systems, subparagraph M,
System 12 - Aliphatic Polyurethane, Fiberglass.]

NTS: 1. As an alternate, a commercial Gel-Coat with U.V. inhibitor may be used.

2. Where tank heating is required (i.e. Sodium Bisulfite), use the following
sections.

D. Tank Heating: Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3) tanks shall be provided with an electric heating system
to prevent the temperature of the sodium bisulfite from dropping below 60F. The heating system
shall be designed to maintain a tank temperature of 65F, when the ambient air temperature is
40F, with a wind speed of 20 mph. The manufacturer shall submit design calculations to the
ENGINEER for approval. All equipment and controls required to make a complete and automatic
electric heating system, including but not limited to, electric heat tape, thermal insulation,
temperature detector, thermostat, switches, circuit breakers, etc. shall be furnished. Each heated
tank shall have all electrical equipment housed in a NEMA 4X, 316 stainless steel enclosure
mounted on the side of the tank.

E. Heat tracing shall consist of spiral wrapping with electrical heating cables, as recommended by
the heating cable manufacturer. After installation, it shall be sealed and weatherproofed. The
heating cables shall be controlled from thermostats installed in representative locations and
accessible for adjustment. The heat tracing systems shall be installed complete, including heating
elements, power connections, end seals, and controlling thermostats in accordance with the heat
trace system manufacturer's printed installation instructions.

1. Heating Cable: The electrical heat tracing system shall consist of a flat, flexible, low heat
density, electrical heating strip of parallel construction, consisting of a continuous inner core
of conductive material between two parallel copper bus strips. The electrical insulation of
the heater strip shall be chemically resistant to sodium bisulfite and rated for 140°F
operating temperature. Its width shall be a minimum of 1/2 -inch. It shall be suitable for
operation on 120 volts AC.

2. A thermostat with a range of 40 F to 120 F shall be provided for each heated tank. It shall
be double-pole, single-throw and mounted in the NEMA enclosure specified in paragraph I
above. The capillary bulb shall be mounted on the tank under the insulation. Heating strips
shall be rated at maximum of 8 watts per linear foot.

3. Manufacturers: Electric heat tracing systems and components shall be as manufactured by

the following, or equal:

a. Briscoe Manufacturing Co.;

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 b. Chromalox (Emerson Electric Co.);

c. Nelson Electric (A Unit of General Signal);

d. Raychem Corporation;

e. Thermon Manufacturing Company;

f. For thermostats: Honeywell, Chromalox, or equal.

4. General: The tank manufacturer shall assemble and install all equipment specified herein,
in strict accordance with the manufacturer's published instructions, under the supervision of
the manufacturer's representative, under the general review of the ENGINEER. All
installations shall be accomplished by experienced and competent workers in a professional
manner meeting generally accepted industry standards.

5. Contractor Coordination: The CONTRACTOR shall coordinate the installation with the site
electrical work.

6. After completion of its work, the tank manufacturer shall prepare the equipment for
operational use in accordance with the manufacturer's printed instructions. Each system
shall be tested for proper operation and the thermostats shall be set.

7. Final acceptance of the equipment is contingent on satisfactory appearance and operation

after installation.

NTS: Use this section if insulation, either to retain heat or prevent overheating, is
required.

F. Insulation: Insulation with outer jacket shall be applied to all tanks. The insulation shall be two
inch (2") thick polyurethane foam board with a minimum density of 2 lb/cu ft. The insulation shall
be of uniform density and thickness. The vertical sides and top of the tanks shall be insulated.
External expansion joints shall be provided in the insulation covering. They shall be designed to
prevent seepage from resin or an overflowing tank. Where insulation has been cut away to install
nozzles and fittings, the edges of exposed insulation shall be capped. Where the outer jacket and
insulation has been cut away, and the tank is exposed, the tank surface shall be treated to provide
ultra-violet (U.V.) protection. In addition any exposed tank surfaces shall be also be protected by
either the Aliphatic Polyurethane, Fiberglass coating or Gel-Coat described in sub-paragraph C
above.

NTS: Use this section if outer jacket of FRP is to be applied over insulation
(recommended for UV protection and appearance).

G. Outer jacket: The insulation shall be protected by a minimum 0.125-inch thick fiberglass covering
(Outer Jacket) of chopped glass strand and filament winding. The resin used in the final exterior
ply shall be protected against the ultra-violet (U.V.) rays of sunlight by proper pigmentation of the
resin. The exterior surface shall also be protected by the Aliphatic Polyurethane, Fiberglass
coating described in sub-paragraph C above. This coating shall not be applied until after the
Engineer’s inspection. The color of the exterior of the tanks shall be smoke white.

2.3 CONSTRUCTION

NOTICE TO REVIEWERS: This topic covered under 2.0 DESIGN. Repeating of subjects
can cause conflicts within specifications

A. General: The tank shell will consist of an inner surface and interior layer which together
constitutes the chemical resistant barrier. The primary function of the outer, exterior layer shall
be to provide structural support. For all tanks, the inner surface shall be completely free from any

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 cracks or crazing and have a smooth finish.

B. Chemical Resistant Barrier - Sodium Hypochlorite tanks: The resin rich innermost surface shall
consist of two (2) layers of Nexus veil with a minimum thickness of 0.020" inches. The resin to
glass (veil) ratio shall be approximately 90% resin; 10% glass. The interior layer shall consist of a
minimum of two (2) layers of 1-1/2 ounce E-glass chopped fiberglass mat. In no case shall the
combined thickness of the inner surface and the interior layer be less than 0.12" inches.
Application of resin and/or glass roving by use of a chopper gun or spray process is not allowed
for the liner section. The glass content for the interior layer shall be 20% - 30% by weight when
tested in accordance with ASTM D-3299 and D-2583. The chemical resistant barrier shall be
allowed to gel and set prior to the application of the structural layer. Resin for this application
shall be cured with the BPO/DMA cure system as recommended by resin manufacturer, and heat
cured upon completion of the tank.

C. Chemical Resistant Barrier - Sodium Bisulfite tanks: The resin rich surface shall consist of two (2)
layers of C-Veil with a minimum thickness of 0.010" inches. The resin to glass (veil) ratio shall
be approximately 90% resin; 10% glass. The interior layer shall consist of chopped fiberglass
roving. The minimum thickness of this interior layer shall be equal to two (2) layers of 1-1/2 ounce
E-glass chopped fiberglass mat. In no case shall the combined thickness of the inner surface and
the interior layer be less than 0.12" inches. Application of resin and/or glass roving by use of a
chopper gun or spray process is allowed for this service. The glass content for the interior layer
shall be 20% - 30% by weight when tested in accordance with ASTM D-3299 and D-2583. The
chemical resistant barrier shall be allowed to gel and set prior to the application of the structural
layer. Resin for this application shall be cured with the MEKP cure system as recommended by
resin manufacturer. Heat curing of tank is only required if the Barcol hardness is not achieved
from room temperature cure.

D. For both chemical services: Prior to first cycle of structural winding being applied, a minimum of
one pass of chopped fiberglass shall be applied to prevent bridging of the winding glass.

E. Contact Molded Laminates: The contact molded process includes fabrication by the hand lay-up,
contact pressure molding, and spray processes or combinations thereof, according to ASTM D
4097 and ASTM C582, except as otherwise noted. In addition, inner surface and interior layer
shall be constructed as specified in the preceding paragraph. The exterior layer or body of the
laminate shall provide the additional strength necessary to meet the tensile and flexural
requirements. Where separate layers such as mat unidirectional tape or woven roving are used,
all layers shall be lapped a minimum of 1 inch (2.25 inches for woven roving). Laps shall be
staggered as much as possible. If woven roving or unidirectional tape is used, a layer of chopped
strand glass shall be placed as alternate layer. The exterior surface shall be relatively smooth
with no exposed fibers or sharp projections. On laminates containing woven roving, cut edges
exposed to the chemical environment shall be coated with resin, surfacing mat, and C-glass or
Nexus veil, and all machined flange faces shall be faced with C-glass or Nexus veil.

F. Filament-Wound Laminates: Filament Wound Fiber Glass Reinforced Polyester Chemical

Resistant Tanks shall be according to ASTM D 3299, unless otherwise noted. In addition, inner-
surface and interior layer shall be constructed as specified above. The exterior or structural layer
of filament-wound tanks may include chopped glass strand interspersed between the windings or
unidirectional tape to provide additional strength, and resistance to permeation and chemical
attack. Glass content of this filament wound layer shall be 50 to 80 percent by weight. The
exterior surface shall be relatively smooth with no exposed fibers or sharp projections. For tanks
with a height to diameter ratio greater than 1:1, hoop and chop construction shall not be allowed.

G. Outer Surface: When air-inhibited resins are cured with an air- exposed surface, a wax-containing
resin coating, formulated according to the resin manufacturer's most recent recommendations,
must be used.

H. Tank Connections: Unless otherwise specified, all connections shall be flanged. Access hatches
on storage tanks and equipment shall be 24-inch ID. All flanges shall be made by hand lay-up.
Flanges shall be flat and true to a tolerance of plus or minus 1/32 inches. If machining is required,
the machined surface shall be faced with "C"-glass or Nexus veil. Machine facing of the back of

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-12
 hand lay-up flanges is not permitted. All bolt holes shall be spot faced for SAE-size washers.
Flange drilling on pipe connections shall be in accordance with ANSI B-16.5 for 150 psi pressure
class. Minimum flange thickness shall be based on 50 psi pressure rating. All nozzles, except
access hatches, shall be reinforced with four (4) plate gussets. Bolt holes in flanged nozzles are
to straddle the vertical centerline. Tolerance in bolt hole locations and in diameter of bolt circle
shall be plus or minus 1/16-inch. On all flanged joints, use 1/8-inch thick full-faced elastomeric
gaskets having a Return Shore A Durometer hardness of 60 plus or minus 5. The reinforcement
pad of nozzle and manhole openings in the vessel walls shall consist of alternate plies of mat and
woven roving with the final top layer being of mat surfacing veil.

I. Anchor Brackets: Anchor brackets shall be fabricated from 316 SS as shown on the attached
drawings and filament wound into the tank shell.

J. Lifting Lugs: There shall be a minimum of three (3) 316 SS lifting brackets filament wound into the
tank shell.

K. Shop Coating:

NTS: Gel-Coat with UV inhibitor may be used as an alternative to Section 09800

Tanks shall be coated as specified in Section [09800] PROTECTIVE COATING of these

specifications. Prior to coating, the tests specified in paragraph 2.4, B - Shop Inspection of this
section shall be performed. When the tank conforms to the specifications of the shop inspection,
it shall be coated as soon as possible after said inspection. Before coating, the surface of the tank
shall be prepared as is specified in Section [09800] PROTECTIVE COATING, paragraph 3.8.
The coating shall consist of the entire system specified in Section [09800].

2.4 INSPECTION

A. The ENGINEER or the INSPECTOR shall be permitted access to the plant area at all times during
fabrication and shall be notified five (5) days minimum prior to the estimated date of tests and/or
inspections.

B. [The CONTRACTOR shall hire an independent inspection or testing laboratory (IITL) that
has been approved by the INSPECTOR, to inspect the materials to be used in fabrication of
the tanks and to witness fabrication, as directed by the INSPECTOR, during its progress,
with full power to reject all material or workmanship not conforming to the plans and
specifications. A certified copy of the inspection report shall be prepared by the IITL and
submitted to the INSPECTOR after completion of the tanks. The tanks shall not be shipped
until the IITL's report has been approved by the CITY. The inspector's certification shall be
indicated on the tank nameplate.

The IITL shall be recommended by the CONTRACTOR and approved by the City
independent of the tank supplier and the CONTRACTOR. The IITL shall be experienced in
the inspection of the tank fabrication process. The IITL shall have inspected a minimum of
five (5) different tanks within the last two (2) years. These tanks shall be of similar
materials and construction as those specified herein. Credentials for the IITL shall be
provided which include a copy of the IITL resume and a list of tanks, tank design criteria,
and suppliers with contract names and telephone numbers for which it has inspected
tanks. Cost for the above mentioned inspection shall be borne by the CONTRACTOR. The
CONTRACTOR shall give the ENGINEER and the INSPECTOR five (5) days minimum notice
before the commencement of the fabricating operations to permit ample time for the
inspection of the material.

Except as otherwise noted, the tanks shall be inspected for conformance to ASTM D2563,
level II. Defects of greater dimensions than those allowed by this inspection standard shall
be cause for rejection.

The fabricator shall save all access hatch and nozzle cutouts to be submitted prior to

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-13
 acceptance of the tanks for shipping. All cutouts shall be unpigmented and translucent so
as to allow visual inspection of the laminate. The IITL shall be responsible for transmitting
the cutouts to the ENGINEER for submittal to the laboratory. The critical area shall be
defined as 20 in2. The inspection of the tank shall include, but not be limited to, the
following:

1. Check for compliance with drawing dimensions and adherence to construction

standards.

2. An acetone wipe test to check surface cure. No surface tackiness is permitted.

3. A Barcol hardness test; at least 90 percent of manufacturer's specified hardness

must be attained.

4. Examination of laminated (nozzle) cutouts.

5. A hydrotest of at least 24 hours duration to check for leaks. The hydrotest shall
consist of filling to the highest point or flange face. Temporary blind flanges, plugs,
or caps shall be used as necessary to seal nozzles during the hydrotest. ]

2.5 WORKMANSHIP

A. Visual Defects: Acceptance levels shall be as follows:

Maximum Allowable Visual Defects

Defect Inner Surface Interior Mat Layers Structural Wall Exterior Surface

Chip None None None None

Crack None None None None
Crazing None None None None
Delamination None See Air Bubble See Air Bubble See Air Bubble
Dry Spot None See Air Bubble See Air Bubble See Air Bubble
Foreign None See Air Bubble See Air Bubble See Air Bubble
Inclusion
Fracture None None None None
Air Bubble/Void Less than 1/64” Less than 1/32” Less than 3/16” Less than 3/16”
dia., unlimited. dia., unlimited. dia., unlimited. dia., unlimited.
1/64” to 1/16” dia., 1/32” to 1/8” dia., 3/16” to 1/4 dia., 3/16” to 1/4” dia.,
2/sq.in. Max. Dim. 2/sq.in. Max. Dim. 2/sq.in. Max. Dim. 2/sq.in. Max. Dim.
1/16”. 1/8”. 1/4”. 1/4”.
Blister See Air Bubble See Air Bubble See Air Bubble See Air Bubble
Burned None None None None
Pit (Pinhole) Less than 1/32” N/A N/A Less than 3/16”
dia., 50/sq.ft. dia., 2/sq.ft.
1/32” to 1/16” dia., Max. Dim., 3/16”.
10/sq.ft. Max.
Depth, 1/32”.
Resin Pocket None Maximum 1 sq. in. Maximum 1 sq. in. Maximum 1 sq. in.
per occurrence. per occurrence. per occurrence.
Wrinkle Allowable if Allowable if Allowable if Allowable if
laminate is glass laminate is glass laminate is glass laminate is glass
reinforced. No reinforced and full reinforced and full reinforced. No
sharp edges mat layer mat layer sharp edges
allowed. thickness and total thickness and total allowed.
thickness are thickness are
maintained. maintained.
Scratch None N/A N/A None
Fiber None Max. 10 fibers Max. 20 fibers N/A

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-14
 Defect Inner Surface Interior Mat Layers Structural Wall Exterior Surface
Prominence visible per sq. in. visible per sq. in.

Definitions:

Inner Surface : Interior process surface, thickness of surfacing veil(s), and interface between veils and mat
layers. Includes surfacing veils on internal joints.
Interior Mat Layers : Layers of mat following the inner surface, and interface between liner and structural
wall. Includes mat layers on internal joints.
Structural Wall : Layers of filament winding or alternating layers of mat and woven roving following the
corrosion liner, and layers of mat and woven roving in internal overlays.
Exterior Surface : The exterior surface of the laminate and the thickness of the surfacing veil.

If the visual defects exceeds the maximum allowable as specified above, at the ENGINEER or
INSPECTOR s discretion the vessel shall be subject to rejection.

2.6 SHIPPING AND HANDLING

A. Each tank and components shall be adequately protected during transportation, in storage at the
jobsite , and during subsequent installation and construction activities. Damaged units will be
rejected and shall be replaced with undamaged units.

2.7 BOLTS, ANCHOR BOLTS, NUTS, WASHERS, SUPPORTS, AND HOLD DOWN LUGS

A. The CONTRACTOR shall provide all bolts, anchor bolts, nuts, washers, and supports for the tanks
and appurtenances specified in this Section in accordance with the requirements of the
manufacturers. All bolts, nuts, anchor bolts, washers, hold down lugs, and supports shall be of
Type 316 stainless steel.

2.8 CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION PLACARDS

A. Each tank shall be furnished with two (2) identification placards encapsulated in the exterior gel
coat. The placards shall meet current Department of Transportation (DOT) standards and shall
state the chemical name and DOT number.

NOTICE TO REVIEWERS: This above section is essentially redundant to 1.1B. For large
hypochlorite tanks, manufacturers to be considered are Fiberglass Representatives Inc., and
Xeres.

PART 3 -- EXECUTION

3.1 INSTALLATION

A. All fiberglass reinforced plastic tanks shall be installed on level concrete pads to the
manufacturer's instructions. [The manufacturer shall be responsible for providing the
CONTRACTOR with formal written handling and installation instructions. Installation
procedures are subject to the ENGINEER’S approval.] All pipes and equipment connecting to
the tanks shall be firmly supported, to avoid stresses on the tank.

3.2 FIELD INSPECTION

A. The field inspection shall include the following:

1. A hydrotest of at least 24 hours to check for leaks after field erection. The hydrotest shall

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-15
 be made under the same conditions described in 2.3.B.5.

3.3 MARKING

A. Identify each tank with the Fabricator's name, capacity in gallons, maximum temperature, design
pressure/vacuum, specific gravity, pH, resin, minimum thickness, vessel number, vessel name,
and date of manufacture. Marking shall be permanent. Seal decals, labels, etc., into the laminate
exterior with clear resin.

END OF SECTION

[PROJECT NUMBER] FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PLASTIC TANKS

[PROJECT TITLE] DIVISION 13
[12/12/07] 13110-16