Fiberglass Reinforced Pipes Rev 0

SECTION 02086
FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PIPES
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item No Title Page No
PART 1 GENERAL............................................................................................................ 1
1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK .................................................................................. 1
1.02 SECTION INCLUDES .......................................................................................... 1
1.03 RELATED SECTIONS ......................................................................................... 1
1.04 REFERENCES..................................................................................................... 2
1.05 SUBMITTALS....................................................................................................... 5
1.06 QUALITY CONTROL ........................................................................................... 6
1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 9
1.08 DESIGN CRITERIA.............................................................................................. 9
1.09 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE ......................................................... 17
PART 2 PRODUCTS ....................................................................................................... 21
2.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 21
2.02 MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 22
2.03 GRP PIPES ........................................................................................................ 23
2.04 GRE PIPES ........................................................................................................ 27
2.05 JOINT TYPES .................................................................................................... 30
PART 3 EXECUTION ...................................................................................................... 32
3.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 32
3.02 INSPECTION ..................................................................................................... 32
3.03 INSTALLATION.................................................................................................. 32
3.04 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING.......................................................................... 35
3.05 PIPE SUPPORTS .............................................................................................. 36
3.06 HYDROSTATIC TESTING................................................................................. 37
3.07 FIELD REPAIRS ................................................................................................ 38
Rev 0 i Contract No:

SECTION 02086
PART 1 GENERAL
1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK
A. The extent of piping work shall be as indicated on the Contract Drawings.
B. This Section covers the minimum technical requirements for the materials,
properties, design, manufacture, inspection, testing and repair of glass fiber
reinforced polyester/vinylester resin pipes (GRP/GRV) and fittings and glass
reinforced epoxy resin (GRE/RTR) pipes and fittings.
C. Applicable Water Services
1. The requirements of this Specification are intended for use in the design and
manufacture of fiberglass reinforced piping used in the services specifically
described herein.
a) Sea Cooling Water.
b) Firewater.
c) Brackish Water Supply.
d) Oily Water Sewer.
e) Waste Water.
f) Potable Water.
1.02 SECTION INCLUDES
A. Glass Reinforced Polyester/Vinylester Pipes (GRP/GRV)
B. Glass Reinforced Epoxy/Thermosetting Resin Pipes (GRE/RTR)
1.03 RELATED SECTIONS
A. Section 01320 Construction Progress Documentation
B. Section 01330 Submittal Procedures
C. Section 01410 Regulatory Requirements
D. Section 01450 Quality Control
E. Section 01650 Product Delivery Requirements
F. Section 01660 Product Storage and Handling Requirements
G. Section 02315 Excavation and Fill
Rev 0 1 of 38 Contract No:

SECTION 02086
H. Section 15051 Materials and Methods
I. Section 15055 General Requirements for Piping System
J. Section 15060 Hangers and Supports
K. Section 15140 Domestic Water Piping
L. Section 15145 Flushing, Cleaning and Treatment of Water Piping
M. Section 15150 Sanitary Waste and Vent Piping
N. Section 15195 Testing of Piping
1.04 REFERENCES
A. The referred codes and standards are intended to provide an acceptable level of
quality for materials, products and workmanship. In case of conflict between these
standards and the text of this Specification, the Specification text shall govern.
B. The latest revision of the referred codes and standards shall be used wherever
applicable. In case of conflict, the Contractor shall propose equipment, materials and
processes conforming to one group of codes and standards.
C. API American Petroleum Institute
1. API 15LR Specification for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin

Pipe
D. ASME/ANSI American Society of Mechanical Engineers/American National

Standards Institute
1. ASME/ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings
2. ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping
3. ANSI/AWWA C90 Standard for Thermosetting Resin Pressure Pipe
E. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials
1. ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates
2. ASTM C950 Standard Practice for Repair of a Rigid Cellular

Polyurethane Insulation System on Outdoor Service
Vessels
3. ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of

Transparent and Opaque Liquids (the Calculation of
Dynamic Viscosity)
4. ASTM D638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of

Plastics

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5. ASTM D696 Test for Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Plastics
6. ASTM D792 Test for Gravity and Density of Plastics by

Displacement
7. ASTM D1544 Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent

Liquids (Gardner Color Scale)
8. ASTM D1557 Test Method for Laboratory Compaction

Characteristics of Soil Using Modified Effort (56,000
ft-lbf/ft3(2,700 kN-m/m3))
9. ASTM D1599 Standard Test Method for Short-Time Hydraulic

Failure Pressure of Plastic Pipe, Tubing and Fittings
10. ASTM D2105 Standard Test Method for Longitudinal Tensile

Properties of "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Tube
11. ASTM D2290 Standard Test Method for Apparent Tensile Strength
of Ring or Tubular Plastics and Reinforced Plastics
by Split Disk Method
12. ASTM D2310 Standard Classification for Machine-Made Fiberglass

(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting–Resin)
Pressure Pipe
13. ASTM D2412 Standard Test Method for Determination of External

Loading Characteristics of Plastic Pipe by Parallel-
Plate Loading
14. ASTM D2471 Test for External Loading Properties of Plastic Pipe
by Parallel Plate Loading
15. ASTM D2563 Standard Practice for Classifying Visual Defects in

Glass-Reinforced Plastic Laminate Parts
16. ASTM D2583 Standard Test Method for Indentation Hardness of

Rigid Plastics by Means of a Barcol Impresser
17. ASTM D2584 Standard Test Method for Ignition Loss of Cured
Reinforced Resins
18. ASTM D2924 Standard Test Method for External Pressure

Resistance of Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced
Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe
19. ASTM D2925 Standard Test Method for Beam Deflection of

Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe under Full-Bore Flow
20. ASTM D2992 Standard Practice for Obtaining Hydrostatic or

Pressure Design Basis for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-
Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe and Fittings

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21. ASTM D2996 Standard Specification for Filament-Wound

"Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe
22. ASTM D3262 Standard Specification for "Fiberglass" (Glass-Fiber-

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer Pipe
23. ASTM D3418 Standard Practice for Determining Degree of

Curing (Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-
Resin) Pipe and Fittings
24. ASTM D3517 Standard Specification for Fiberglass (Glass-Fiber-

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pressure Pipe
25. ASTM D3567 Standard Practice for Determining Dimensions of

Resin) Pipe and Fittings
26. ASTM D3681 Standard Test Method for Chemical Resistance of

Resin) Pipe in Deflected Conditions

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Sewer and
Industrial Pressure Pipe
28. ASTM D4024 Standard Specification for Machine Made Fiberglass

(Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin)
Flanges

Reinforced Thermosetting-Resin) Pipe Joints Using
Flexible Elastomeric Seals
30. ASTM D7909 Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Un-
Reinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical
Insulating Materials
31. ASTM E831 Standard Test Method for Linear Thermal Expansion
of Solid Materials by Thermomechanical Analysis
32. ASTM F1173 Standard Specification for Thermosetting Resin

Fiberglass Pipe and Fittings to be Used for Marine
Applications
F. AWWA American Water Works Association
1. AWWA C207 Steel Pipe Flanges for Water Works Service
2. AWWA C950 Standard for Fiberglass Pressure Pipe
3. AWWA M45 Fiberglass Pipe Design Manual

SECTION 02086
1.05 SUBMITTALS
A. The Contractor shall submit to the Royal Commission, under the provisions of
SECTION 01330, the following items for review and approval before commencing
Work:
1. Certification
a) Manufacturer's certificate of manufacture. The following data shall be

included as a minimum, except where the Royal Commission approval
of alternate data is acceptable.
1) The method of manufacture.
2) Laminate structure in the circumferential and longitudinal
directions of the pipe.
3) Wall thickness of pipes with tolerances.
4) Type of resin used.
5) Type of internal liner, if any.
6) Type and quality of glass reinforcement.
7) Glass/resin composition with tolerances.
8) Type and amount of filler, if any.
9) Stress regression curves for pressure pipe in the circumferential
direction of the laminate at 23°C up to at least 10,000 hours. The
curves shall be based on the results of tests carried out in
principle in accordance with ASTM D2992 or on the results of a
similar method of testing to be approved by the Royal
Commission.
10) Stress regression curves for pressure pipe in the circumferential
direction of the laminate at 60°C up to at least 1,000 hours. Tests
to be carried out at a minimum of 4 stress levels with at least
3 samples for each stress levels.
11) Short and long term E-modules for pressure pipe in the
circumferential and longitudinal directions of the laminate, based
on tests carried out at 23°C.
12) Determination that pipes are capable of being deflected in the
longitudinal directions without failure when exposed to 1 N
(H2SO4) in accordance with ASTM D3681.
2. Design Submittal Requirements
a) Prior to manufacture of pipe, the Contractor shall provide a complete

Design Submittal which documents the design basis of the pipe for each
Service Class, pipe construction type or design.
b) Pipe manufacturer shall supply detailed design calculations showing

calculated strain levels and the safety factors that have been applied.
The safety factors applied are to be approved by the Royal Commission.
The pipes shall be designed in such a way that the strain in the pipe will

SECTION 02086
not exceed 0.2%. Calculations shall be based on requirements of

ASTM C950.
c) The Design Submittal shall provide all data needed for independent
review of the pipe design and system analysis, including all design
assumptions or other specific information required by the pipe installer
to assure that the pipe is installed in accordance with the design basis.
The Contractor shall also submit a checklist which clearly indicates
whether Design Submittal requirements have or have not been met.
d) Provide a technical review and evaluation of the proposed design and

construction data prior to submittal to the Royal Commission.
e) Obtain concurrence from the Royal Commission on the selection of the

pipe manufacturer prior to procurement.
f) Manufacturers of pipe systems intended for use in listed Service

Classes must demonstrate successful case histories of pipe installations
that are of similar pipe design, construction and service conditions.
g) Review or comment on the Design Submittal by the Royal Commission

or their representative does not relieve the Contractor of design
responsibility or from compliance to all specification requirements.
3. Quality Control Manual
a) Manufacturer shall prepare and submit a Quality Control (QC) Manual

which details the organization of the quality control program and
provides for verification and documentation of all pertinent quality
issues. The quality control program shall comply with the requirements
of SECTION 01450.
b) Manufacturer shall submit with the proposal a QC Manual showing the

standard procedures implemented during the normal course of
production. After award, but prior to commencing manufacture of pipe or
components, the QC Manual shall be revised as necessary to
incorporate any additional Project Requirements.
c) During manufacture of pipe and components, test results and reports

resulting from the quality control program shall be made immediately
available to the Royal Commission for review. Pipe or components shall
not be shipped from the manufacturing site until all the Royal
Commission review comments are satisfactorily resolved.
1.06 QUALITY CONTROL
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the quality of work and shall develop and
propose programs and methods of construction and testing to achieve the specified
quality to the approval of the Royal Commission in accordance with
SECTION 01450.

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B. Quality Assurance
1. GRP and GRE products shall be subjected to verification by the Royal

Commission’s representative. The vendor-supplier shall execute tests and
inspections according to the reference standards of this Specification, so as to
confirm that items to be delivered satisfy Project requirements. Quality control
procedures shall include, but not be limited to, the following areas:
a) All pipes shall be tested at an internal hydrostatic pressure of 1.5 times

the working pressure for which they are designed. The test pressure
shall be applied for 30 minutes during which time no leakage is allowed
to occur.
b) Hydrostatic Pressure Testing

1) 100% of the pipes shall be hydrostatically tested at factory as per
AWWA C950 requirements or as per any suitable standards.
2) If hydro test requirements are out of range of standards, then the
Vendor and the Royal Commission need to agree for the
hydrostatic pressure and duration.
3) During the pressure test, the pipes shall not show any sign of
leakage.
4) Standards and non-standard fittings with plain ends and
prefabricated spools that cannot be hydro-tested at the
manufacturing facility due to size and configuration limitation shall
be hydro-tested at the job site as per AWWA C950 requirements
after assembly.
5) In case of leakage due to manufacturing defects, the defective
part shall be repaired or replaced without additional costs to the
Royal Commission.
c) From each manufactured length of gravity or pressure GRP pipe of

5000 m or less, 4 pipe samples 0.3 m in length shall be tested in
accordance with ASTM D3681 in a test solution of 1.0 N H2SO4. Two
samples shall be tested as level "A," defined as the deflection controlled
at 0.70% strain and 2 samples at level "B," defined as the deflection
controlled at 0.64% strain. Both samples tested at levels "A" and "B"
shall withstand at least 100 and 1000 hours of testing respectively.
d) The following tests shall be carried out at least once a day during the
manufacturing period:
1) Determination of glass/resin composition.
2) Determination of the Barcol hardness of the laminate.
3) Determination of the laminate strength of tensile bars extended in
the longitudinal direction of the pipe.
4) Determination of pipe stiffness using a 300 mm long pipe sample,
carried out in accordance with ASTM D2412.
e) Raw Material Inspection

1) All raw materials shall be checked for defects or non-conformance

SECTION 02086
to specifications upon delivery and prior to utilization to ensure

that only materials that meet requirements are used for
production.
f) In-Process Inspection
1) All aspects and areas of manufacturing shall be monitored by
quality control program on a continuous basis.
g) Dimensional Control
1) The dimensions and tolerances of all pipes and fittings shall be
determined in accordance with applicable product drawings and
ASTM D3567 or as per relevant standard.
h) Visual Inspection
1) All pipes and fittings shall be subjected to a complete visual
inspection before shipment to detect surface defects in
accordance with ASTM D2563, which classifies visual defects in
glass-reinforced plastic laminate/parts.
i) Barcol Hardness
1) The hardness of each pipe shall be determined by the Barcol
Impresser test in accordance with ASTM D2583. The minimum
acceptable hardness shall be 35. The Barcol hardness test shall
not be applicable to fittings.
j) Degree-of-Cure Test (Tg)

1) The degree of curing of pipes shall be determined by differential
scanning calorimetry (DSC) method and shall be done at a
minimum frequency of once per shift for each resin system used
and for each production line. The Tg value shall not be less than
the minimum values recommended by the manufacturer.
k) Glass Content
1) The glass content of at least 1 sample per production lot for each
pipe size shall be determined in accordance with ASTM D2584.
l) Markings
1) All pipes shall be permanently marked for proper identification. All
required marking shall remain readable under normal handling
and installation practices. At the least, the markings shall include
the following information:
(a) Manufacturer’s name.
(b) Product description, including size and series.
(c) Date of manufacture and work shift.
(d) Client’s specifications (as indicated in the purchase order).
(e) Small size fittings and flanges which cannot be marked
shall be tagged, as needed.

SECTION 02086
(f) Intended pipe use.
2. Operating life shall not be less than 40 years.
C. Manufacturer’s Qualification
1. Performance of GRP and GRE piping system shall be based on the quality of
the manufacturing process; therefore, the manufacturing firm shall have at
least 5 to 10 years of manufacturing record. Their products also should have
5 to 10 years of performance record in the region.
2. Apart from that, manufacturer should have ISO 9000 and ISO 14000
certifications coupled with other international certification for their products
such as NSF, FM and UL as needed.
1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS
A. All works undertaken in relation to this Specification are to be completed in full

accordance with the respective health and safety requirements established by the
following:
1. Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
a) Legislation, Regulation, Standards and Codes.
2. Royal Commission Regulations
a) Standards, Contractual Conditions and Health and Safety Systems.
3. Contractor
a) Health and Safety Standards and Systems as accepted by the Royal

Commission.
B. In the absence of any of the above, best accepted industry practice shall be
employed throughout.
1.08 DESIGN CRITERIA
A. Design Conditions
1. Specific design conditions for each Service Class shall be as per Tables 1A to
1F. It is the Designer's responsibility to consider all conditions that could
potentially affect the selection of materials or design of the piping system.

SECTION 02086
TABLE 1A: SERVICE CONDITIONS AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SEA COOLING
WATER
Service Class: Sea Cooling Water

Service Conditions
Design Pressure (Includes Surge
Pressure)
Operating Pressure
Test Pressure - Field
Design Vacuum
Fluid Velocity
Design Temperature
Max. Operating Temperature
Min. Operating Temperature
Installation Temperature Range
Design Live Loading
Chemical Service Description
Fabrication Requirements
Diameters
Resin Type
1.3 mm minimum, consisting of at least 1 layer of C-
Liner Thickness/Construction
glass veil with E-glass mat as required to thickness
Pressure Class As required for Qualification
Minimum 2500 N/m2 (5000 N/m2 for direct bury pipe
Pipe Stiffness
under roads)
Minimum Axial Strength 35 MPa
Fire Retardancv
Shop Assembly Joint Type Laminated butt and strap or adhesive bonded
Field Assembly Joint Type AG Laminated butt and strap
Field Assembly Joint Type UG Unrestrained gasketed or laminated butt and strap
TABLE 1B: SERVICE CONDITIONS AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR FIREWATER
Service Class: Firewater

Service Conditions
Pressure)
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Fluid Velocity
Design Temperature

SECTION 02086
Service Class: Firewater

Design Live Loading
Diameters
Resin Type
Pipe Stiffness
under roads)
Fire Retardancv
Field Assembly Joint Type AG Restrained gasketed or laminated butt and strap
Field Assembly Joint Type UG Restrained gasketed or laminated butt and strap
TABLE 1C: SERVICE CONDITIONS AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR BRACKISH
WATER SUPPLY
Service Class: Brackish Water Supply

Service Conditions
Pressure)
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Fluid Velocity
Design Temperature
Design Live Loading
Diameters
Resin Type
Pipe Stiffness
under roads
Fire Retardancv .

SECTION 02086
Service Class: Brackish Water Supply

Field Assembly Joint Type UG Unrestrained gasketed or laminated butt and strap
TABLE 1D: SERVICE CONDITIONS AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR OILY WATER
SEWER
Service Class: Oily Water Sewer

Service Conditions
Pressure)
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Fluid Velocity
Design Temperature
Design Live Loading
Diameters
Resin Type
Pipe Stiffness
under roads)
Fire Retardancv
Field Assembly Joint Type UG Laminated butt and strap
TABLE 1E: SERVICE CONDITIONS AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR WASTE
WATER
Service Class: Wastewater

Service Conditions
Pressure)
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Fluid Velocity

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Service Class: Wastewater

Design Temperature
Design Live Loading
Diameters
Resin Type
Pipe Stiffness
under roads)
Fire Retardancv
Field Assembly Joint Type UG Laminated butt and strap
TABLE 1F: SERVICE CONDITIONS AND FABRICATION REQUIREMENTS FOR POTABLE
WATER
Service Class: Potable Water

Service Conditions
Pressure)
Operating Pressure
Design Vacuum
Fluid Velocity
Design Temperature
Design Live Loading
Diameters
Resin Type
Pipe Stiffness
under roads)

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Service Class: Potable Water

Fire Retardancv
Shop Assembly Joint Type
Field Assembly Joint Type AG
Field Assembly Joint Type UG
2. Design conditions, as discussed in this Specification, are defined as follows:
a) Pressure
1) Operating Pressure
(a) The normal operating pressure range anticipated on a
continuous basis over the long term. System stress
analysis is performed at operating pressure.
2) Design Pressure
(a) The pressure to be used for selection and qualification of
the pipe and components. Design pressure is higher than
the operating pressure to include surge pressure or other
common events anticipated routinely over the life of the
system and to provide additional strength capability to
accommodate system stresses.
3) Hydrotest Pressure
(a) The pressure used for static hydrotesting of the piping at
the manufacturer's shop or after installation. Hydrotest
pressure shall not exceed 200% of design pressure in the
shop under hoop only loading (free ends). Hydrotest
pressure shall not exceed 150% of the design pressure in
the installed condition.
b) Vacuum
1) Operating Vacuum
(a) The normal operating vacuum pressure range anticipated
frequently in the system. System stress analysis is
performed at operating vacuum.
2) Design Vacuum
(a) The vacuum pressure to be used for selection and design
of piping and components. Must include the highest
vacuum pressure anticipated due to any combination of
conditions, including groundwater, valve closure or other
event in any part of the system.
c) Temperature
1) Operating Temperature
(a) The normal temperature range anticipated on a continuous
basis over the long term. System stress analysis is
performed at operating temperature.

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2) Design Temperature
(a) The maximum temperature that the piping system could
experience infrequently and for short durations, under any
combination of conditions.
3) Ambient Temperature
(a) The range of climatic conditions under which the system is
expected to operate.
4) Installation Temperature
(a) In general, can be taken as the range of ambient
temperatures anticipated during the piping system
installation period. However, in order to optimize the piping
design, the range of installation temperatures can be
narrowed to reduce axial stress. The temperature range
used in the stress analysis shall be the minimum and
maximum pipe wall temperature occurring at the time any
straight piping run is constrained. For underground pipe,
this would be the time at which the pipe is substantially
buried and overburden applied. For aboveground pipe, this
would be the time at which the last pipe length in a run is
trimmed and joined.
d) Wind and Earthquake Loads

1) Any wind or seismic load conditions shall be as specified for the
Project or required by the Royal Commission.
B. GRP Pipes
1. Pipe and fittings specified by this Specification shall be pressure rated in

accordance with ASTM D2992, conform to ASTM D2996 for machine made
pipes and meet the requirements of ASTM D3517/D3754 and AWWA C950.
2. Pipes furnished under this Specification shall be classified in accordance with

ASTM D2310/D2996.
3. Internal Pressure Requirement
a) All pipes, fittings and joints shall be designed to meet the most severe
internal operating pressure that the system may be subjected to
throughout the entire operation in accordance with the design conditions
listed in par. 1.08 B.4.
4. Applications
a) Sea Water/Cooling Water (80 to 4000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

1) Design Pressure: Maximum of 12 bar.
2) Design Temperature: 65°C (150°F).
3) Material: GRP with Polyester Resin.
b) Potable Water (80 to 4000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

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3) Material: GRP with Polyester Resin with NSF Certification.
c) Pressure and Gravity Sewer (80 to 4000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size
3) Material: GRP with Vinylester Resin with 2.5 mm liner.
d) Fire Water (80 to 1000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

3) Material: GRP with Polyester Resin with FM Certification.
5. Pipe Jointing
a) Following are the acceptable jointing methods for GRP pipes:

1) Double Bell Coupling Joints
(a) These types of joints require thrust blocks at every change
in direction and are mainly for underground application.
Double Bell and spigot joints shall be supplied with double
elastomeric gaskets positioned in preformed grooves in the
joint spigot.
2) Butt-and-Strap Lamination Joint
(a) These types of joints eliminate the need of thrust blocks
and shall be used for all industrial and aboveground
applications including underground application when there
is non-availability of space for thrust blocks.
3) Mechanical Joints.
4) Flange-to-Flange Joints.
C. GRE Pipes
1. Pipes and fittings specified by this Specification shall be pressure rated in

accordance with ASTM D2992, conform to ASTM D2996 for machine made
pipes and meet the requirements of API 15LR and AWWA C950. Pipes
furnished under this Specification shall be classified in accordance with
ASTM D2310/D2996 as RTRP 11FW (Static Design) or RTRP 11FE (Cyclic
Design).
2. Internal Pressure Requirement
a) All pipes and fittings shall be designed to meet the most severe internal
operating pressure that the system may be subjected to throughout the
entire operation in accordance with the design conditions listed in
par. 1.08 C.3.

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3. Applications
a) Sea Water (25 to 1000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

1) Design Pressure: 10 bar (150 psi).
3) Material: Bondstrand Series 2410, 2000 or approved equal.
b) Potable Water (25 to 1000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

c) Oily Sewer (25 to 1000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

3) Material: Bondstrand Series 2410 (2.5 mm liner), 4000 or
approved equal.
4) Recommended Joint: Adhesive-bonded joint.
d) Fire Water (25 to 1000 mm ND) Nominal Pipe Size

4) Recommended Joint: Key-Lock mechanical joint with adhesive
bonding for field joints (field adjustments).
4. Pipe Jointing
a) Following are the acceptable jointing methods for reinforced

thermosetting resin pipes and fittings:
1) Adhesive-bonded bell and spigot.
2) Adhesive-bonded taper-female/taper-male.
3) Mechanical joint using nylon key and Elastomeric O-ring seal.
4) Butt-and-wrap lamination joint (recommended only for special
cases requirements; to be performed only by trained personnel
under manufacturer’s supervision).
5) Flange-to-flange joint.
1.09 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE
A. The Contractor shall deliver, handle and store equipment and material units in
accordance with SECTIONS 01650 and 01660, as well as the following
requirements:

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1. Reasonable care must be exercised to prevent damage to the pipe during the
many operations prior to and during shipment and at the installation site.
Acceptable practices must be followed at the manufacturer’s plant (handling,
storage and loading for shipment) as well as at the installation site (unloading,
storage, stringing and installation) to prevent damage from point loading and
impact.
2. Pipe shall be suitably cradled, wedged or braced to prevent damage during

shipment. Flange faces shall be protected during shipment. Ship rubber ring
gaskets and lubricant in suitable containers.
3. Stack piping for storage in accordance with the manufacturer's

recommendations.
4. Pipe sections 12 m or less in length may be lifted using one support point. Any
pipe section shall be lifted using two support points separated by half of the
section length and located equidistant from the pipe section center. Pipe
supports for lifting must be pliable straps or ropes and shall not be steel cables
or chains unless sufficient padding is used to protect the pipe surface. Do not
drop or impact the pipe, particularly at pipe ends.
5. Workmen shall wear gloves when handling pipe to protect hands from rough
fibered exterior surfaces.
6. Rubber gaskets shall be stored in an air-conditioned room, preferably in boxes,

sacks or containers.
B. Shipment
1. Pipe and fittings shall be prepared for shipment in a manner that will protect
the pipe wall and joint ends from damage.
2. Preparation shall be appropriate for the mode of transportation and acceptable

to the carrier. Preparation and shipment shall be as agreed upon between the
manufacturer and the Royal Commission’s representative.
3. Bottom Cradles
a) Pipes and fittings being transported shall be appropriately supported or

placed on the wooden cradles or supports in order to avoid any
dislocation and disturbance.
4. End Protection
a) End protection shall be provided and securely attached to both male and
female ends of all GRP and GRE piping. These protectors shall be
designed to protect the pipe ends from impact damage, contamination
and weathering of bonding surfaces due to prolonged exposure to the
elements.
5. Extra care shall be taken to ensure that GRP and GRE products are not
damaged during transport. Pipe or fittings should not rest on forks or truck
beds where nails, studs and other objects might damage them.

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C. Unloading and Handling
1. All materials shall be handled carefully at all times so as not to score, impact-
crack, abrade, gouge, cut or cause any other damage to the piping during
handling.
2. During handling, measures should also be taken to avoid touching or

contaminating the pipe ends.
3. Pipes, fittings and spools shall not be dropped, thrown, hit, struck or bumped,
dragged or slid in any way in order to prevent impact damage.
4. During stacking, lifting or transporting, each section of the pipe shall have its
supports well distributed under the pipe rather than concentrated at points to
avoid pipe damage through point-loading.
5. Supports shall not be placed under bells, spigots or factory-made joints.
6. Stacking should not be done for more than 2000 mm diameter pipes.
7. For mechanical lifting, rope or webbed or nylon slings or straps shall be used;
under no circumstances shall chains, steel wire or pipe vises be used. Lifting-
fork shall be carpeted, preferably cushioned.
D. Storage
1. Pipe or pipe bundles shall not be stored for more than few months in stacks.
2. Side supports or blocks shall be used for pipe stacks to prevent them from
slumping, rolling or slipping.
3. The supporting surface shall be soft, leveled and free of rocks and other sharp
and hard objects.
4. If pipes are stored in racks or on bearing boards, the supports shall be smooth
and at least 75 mm (3 in.) wider, preferably cushioned with a suitable foamed
plastic or other material.
5. Bearing boards under the stack and spacer boards between pipe layers shall
protect the pipe against abrasion at points of support, to ensure that bell and
spigot ends remain round, not distorted by stack loads.
E. Fittings and Other Accessories
1. Couplings, rubber rings and O-ring grooves on ends of mechanical joint pipes
and fittings shall be protected from direct sun.
2. Nylon locking keys and rubber O-rings shall be stored indoors in their original
shipping containers, protected from direct sunlight and temperature extremes.
3. All vegetable soap and lubricant shall also be stored in protected area.
4. At the same time, the field joint kits consisting of glass and resin shall be
stored in covered area.

SECTION 02086
5. Arrangement shall be made for glass storage in such a way as to avoid

moisture absorption.
6. Fittings should be removed from cartons, closely inspected and stored in

shelves, preferably inside a warehouse. Outdoor storage of cartons is not
recommended since they are not weatherproof.
7. Adhesives shall be stored indoors at temperature below 37.8°C. Extended

storage at higher temperature degrades the catalyst and the resin and reduces
adhesive strength. Remove kits from shipping cartons and stack upright so
that expiration dates are visible. Older kits shall be used first.

SECTION 02086
PART 2 PRODUCTS
2.01 GENERAL
A. All goods and products covered by these Specifications shall be procured, when
available, from an in-Kingdom manufacturer. Procurement of all goods and products
manufactured out-of-Kingdom must be approved by the Royal Commission.
B. Pipe and components shall be qualified for the design conditions identified for the
particular Service Class, except that adjustments may be necessary to compensate
for the effect of higher temperature, more severe corrosion or abrasion in specific
services.
C. For services considered abrasive or more corrosive than the testing medium,
additional corrosion liner thickness shall be added beyond the tested design and
shall not be considered structurally. The basis for this adjustment shall be submitted
as part of the Design Submittal and shall include verification of corrosion and/or
abrasion resistance based on previous testing or case histories.
D. Piping and couplings shall be fabricated of a composite laminate consisting of a

corrosion resistant inner liner and a structural outer layer.
E. The interior liner shall be minimum 1.5 mm thick, consisting of fiberglass surface mat
backed by chopped fiberglass roving impregnated with polyester resin.
F. The structural layer shall be a combination of closely spaced continuous fiberglass

filament windings and fiberglass chopped rovings. The structural layer shall be
impregnated with an isophthalic polyester resin and may include finely graded silica
sand incorporated into the laminate.
G. Mechanical properties of structural layer shall be in accordance with ASTM D2996.
H. Chemical Resistant Properties of Interior Liner in Fabricated Pipe
1. Exposure to 1 N (H2S04) in accordance with ASTM D3681 for 100,000 hours

and ASTM D3262, Section 6 "Chemical Requirements":
a) Compositional stability of liner and pipe shall be maintained when

exposed to the chemicals at the maximum influent temperature of 60°C
as per Table 2A.
TABLE 2A: CHEMICAL RESISTANT PROPERTIES
S. No. Chemical Characteristics Concentration

1 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5) 800 mg/L
2 Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) 3,000 mg/L
3 Total Organic Carbon (TOC) 400 mg/L
4 Total Suspended Solids (TSS) 500 mg/L
5 Total Phosphorus (P) 5 mg/L
6 Ammonia Nitrogen (NH3-N) 84 mg/L
7 Phenols 25 mg/L

SECTION 02086
S. No. Chemical Characteristics Concentration

8 Sulfides (S) 10 mg/L
9 Oil and Grease (O&G) 100 mg/L
10 Chromium (+ 6) 0.7 mg/L
11 Chromium (+ 3) 1 mg/L
12 Thiosulfate 10 mg/L
13 Arsenic 0.035 mg/L
14 Boron 0.035 mg/L
15 Cadmium 0.200 mg/L
16 Copper 0.300 mg/L
17 Iron 4 mg/L
18 Lead 0.007 mg/L
19 Mercury 0.007 mg/L
20 Nickel 0.790 mg/L
21 Silver 0.250 mg/L
22 Zinc 2.8 mg/L
23 Cyanide 0.060 mg/L
24 Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) 2,500 mg/L
25 Alkalinity (CaCO3) 2,500 mg/L
I. Temperature and Expansion Criteria
1. Operating Temperatures of Liquids in Piping
a) Maximum Continuous Influent Temperature: 50°C.
b) Maximum Peak Water Temperature: 60°C.
2. Thermal Expansion
a) The appropriate axial coefficient of thermal expansion of GRP pressure

pipe shall be 18 to 27 x 10-6 cm/cm/°C as measured in accordance with
ASTM D696.
2.02 MATERIALS
A. Resin Systems
1. Manufacture of pipe and fittings shall be limited to thermosetting polyester,

vinylester and epoxy resin systems with a documented history of successful
performance in similar services. Catalyst systems shall be in accordance with
the resin manufacturer's recommendations for the specified service.
B. Reinforcements
1. Structural reinforcements shall be E-glass fiber, including continuous roving for

filament winding, woven or stitched directional fabrics or random chopped

SECTION 02086
strand mat.
2. Surfaces exposed to the service fluid shall be reinforced with C-glass or

synthetic surfacing veils and random chopped mat, as required for the specific
Service Class, except for centrifugal cast pipe which has an un-reinforced
liner.
C. Additives
1. Resin may be modified with additives for ultraviolet protection, fire resistance,
reduction of smoke generation, abrasion resistance, static grounding or other
service requirements. Additives and amounts shall be as approved by the resin
manufacturer for use in their resin for the specific service.
2. Resin additives such as pigments, dyes and other coloring agents, if used,
shall in no way be detrimental to the performance of the pipe, nor shall they
impair visual inspection of the finished pipe.
D. Bulking Agents
1. Clean silica sand or other suitable materials may be used as bulking agents in
the laminates. An inert filler may be used as a resin extender and incorporated
in the aggregate.
E. Corrosion Liner Requirements
1. Surfacing veil type, corrosion liner thickness, resin and catalyst selection and
use of additives shall be as required to meet the corrosion resistance and
other service requirements of the piping system. The corrosion liner shall be a
minimum of 1.5 mm in thickness and shall meet or exceed the specific
requirements for each Service Class.
2. When centrifugal cast pipe is utilized, the interior resin rich layer shall meet or
exceed the minimum corrosion liner thickness.
F. Rubber Rings
1. Rubber rings for joints shall be continuous rings comprising of natural or

synthetic polyisoprene rubber. Surface of the rubber rings shall be smooth and
free from pits, blisters and other imperfections. The rubber compound shall be
dense, homogeneous and free from porosity and air pockets and shall contain
no rubber substitute, reclaimed rubber or deleterious substance.
2. Not more than 1 splice in each ring will be permitted to form an annular ring to
suit pipe diameter and joint detail. Splice shall be made by the hot vulcanizing
of ends that have been mitered at an angle of 45° or flatter.
3. Rubber rings shall be stored in an enclosed space and protected from the
direct rays of the sun.
2.03 GRP PIPES
A. Pipe

SECTION 02086
1. All GRP pipes shall be manufactured by controlled, continuous filament wound

process with a winding angle of 87 to 89° using the materials required to result
in a corrosion resistant composite structure to meet the severe operating
conditions.
2. The completed pipe shall contain interior corrosion barriers.
3. The inside diameter and outside diameter shall not be tapered.
4. Minimum properties for reinforced polyester pipe laminates shall be as per

AWWA C950, Tables 10 and 11.
5. Inside Liner
a) General Application
1) The interior corrosion-resistant liner shall have a minimum
thickness of at least 0.8 mm. The inner 0.20 to 0.25 mm of the
liner shall consist of 90% resin and 10% glass reinforcement, by
weight, with the reinforcement consisting of C-glass veil or other
chemical and corrosion-resistant fabric chosen for the service
conditions. The remainder of the liner shall consist of 60% resin
and 40% chopped “E” fiberglass, by weight. Dark pigment or resin
fillers such as calcium carbonate shall not be used.
b) Sewer Application
1) For sewer applications, the interior corrosion-resistant liner shall
have a minimum thickness of at least 1.5 mm. The inner 0.20 to
0.25 mm of the liner shall consist of 90% vinylester resin and 10%
glass reinforcement, by weight. The remainder of the liner shall
consist of 60% vinylester resin and 40% chopped fiberglass, by
weight. Dark pigment or resin fillers such as calcium carbonate
shall not be used.
6. Structural Wall
a) Structural wall reinforcement shall be combined fiberglass filaments.
b) Continuous fiberglass filament reinforcement shall not be less than 10%

by weight of the structural wall.
c) Use of chopped glass material in the structural wall to enhance the axial
tensile strength of the pipe is permitted.
d) Thixotropes added to resin for viscosity control shall not exceed 1% by

weight.
e) Siliceous sand may be used as fillers, as specified in cell classification.

Siliceous sand shall conform to ASTM C33 except that the requirements
for gradation need not apply.
7. Exterior Liner
a) General Application

SECTION 02086
1) The exterior liner should be of 0.20 to 0.25 mm and consist of

90% resin and 10% glass reinforcements, by weight, with the
reinforcement consisting of C-glass veil or other chemical and
corrosion-resistant fabric chosen for the service conditions.
b) Sewer Application
1) For sewer applications, it is recommended to use glass
reinforcement and vinylester resin in the exterior liner.
B. Fittings
1. General
a) Bends, reducers, tees, wyes and other fittings shall be compression or

resin transfer molded, fabricated from sections of pipe or manufactured
by the filament wound or hand lay-up process, using the same resin and
corrosion liner, equal to or better than that of the pipe.
2. Bends
a) All bends shall be fabricated from mitered sections of pipe with

laminated joints.
b) Each individual mitered pipe section in a mitered bend shall not exceed
a sweep of 30°. All bends shall have a centerline radius equal to 1½
times the pipe diameter.
c) All machined or cut surfaces shall be post-coated with catalyzed resin

except for bonding surfaces for field joints.
3. Tees
a) Equal size and reducing tees shall be fabricated from sections of pipe.
b) Additional reinforcement shall be provided to fully compensate for the

stress intensification effects and shall apply to both aboveground and
underground piping.
c) Where accessible, tees fabricated from pipe sections in all pressurized

pipe shall include an internal sealing overlay in addition to the external
reinforcing overlay. All machined or cut surfaces shall be post-coated
with catalyzed resin except for bonding surfaces for field joints.
4. Reducers
a) Reducers shall have a length equal to 2.5 times the difference in

diameters of the ends.
b) Thickness of reducers shall not be less than the thickness required for
the larger end.
c) All machined or cut surfaces shall be post-coated with catalyzed resin


SECTION 02086
5. Flanges
a) Flanges shall be joined to the pipe with hand lay up or contact molded in
1 piece that includes a flange neck for attachment of the pipe with a
laminated butt and strap joint.
b) All machined or cut surfaces shall be post-coated with catalyzed resin

c) Flanges shall be flat-faced or flat-faced with a confined O-ring gasket

groove.
d) Flanges containing an O-ring gasket groove shall be manufactured so

the groove does not penetrate the structural laminate.
e) The O-ring groove and flange face shall be completely covered with a
laminate equal to the corrosion liner used in the Service Class.
f) Bolting patterns shall be as per AWWA C207 requirements, or as

needed.
6. Double Bell Coupling Joints
a) Double bell and spigot joints shall be supplied with double elastomeric
gaskets positioned in preformed grooves in the joint spigot.
b) Rubber ring type gaskets used in association with couplings to form

water-tight seals shall be fabricated to comply with the chemical
resistant characteristics and temperature requirements as specified in
this Section for piping. Gaskets shall be functionally durable for an
operating life of not less than 40 years. Gaskets shall be EPDM for
potable water pipe systems.
c) Coupling joints shall be glass fiber reinforced sleeve couplings that

utilize 2 elastomeric gaskets (1 gasket on each side of the joint) as the
sole means to maintain joint water-tightness.
d) Coupling joints shall conform to the performance requirements of

ASTM D4161.
C. Pre-Fabricated Spools
1. Factory-prepared spool shall be used inside the plant areas to minimize field
joints. Maximum fabricated dimensions of spools shall be determined by
fabrication limitations and transporting means.
D. Fabrication and Manufacture
1. Geometrical Characteristics
a) The internal and external surfaces of the pipes shall be clean and free
from defects such as blisters, delaminations, haystacks, pits, voids,
cracks, protruding fibers, marks or foreign matter, etc., that might impair
the functional properties of the pipe. The internal surface of the pipes

SECTION 02086
shall be smooth. The pipes must be entirely free from delamination

defects.
b) The tolerances for wall thickness, diameter and out of roundness of the
pipes shall be kept to limits within which there are no adverse effects on
the tightness of the joints and the performance of the pipes in service.
The tolerances shall be stated by the pipe manufacturer.
c) Pipes shall be supplied in straight lengths not exceeding 12 m. The total

repaired surface area on each pipe shall not exceed 2% of the total
surface area of the pipes.
d) The deviation from the normal axis of a 12 m pipe shall not exceed
15 mm when measured under even temperature conditions for the pipe.
e) The pipes shall be flexibly jointed by rubber rings and the joints shall be
able to withstand the same loads as those specified for the pipes without
leakage. In addition, the following deflections in any direction shall not
reduce the capacity of the joints to meet the above requirements.
1) 3° for pipe diameter less than 600 mm.
2) 2° for pipe diameter between 600 and 800 mm.
3) 1° for pipe diameter between 1000 and 1800 mm.
4) ½° for pipe diameter from 1800 to 2500 mm.
f) GRP pipes shall be Class H150 for systems operating under pressure
and Class H90 for non-pressure (gravity flow) systems.
2.04 GRE PIPES
A. Pipes
1. Glass reinforced epoxy resin pipes (GRE) shall be made by the helical
filament-winding process (with 54°± 2° winding angle) using continuous glass
filaments and an aromatic-amine cured epoxy resin system. The pipe wall shall
consist of an inside liner and the structural wall.
2. Inside Liner
a) The inside liner shall consist of thermosetting epoxy resin reinforced

with C-glass veil of a low-alkali content. The resin content shall not be
less than 70% by weight and the thickness not less than 0.5 mm.
3. Structural Wall
a) The structural wall shall consist of thermosetting epoxy resin reinforced

with continuous high-glass strand roving of E-glass. The glass content
for the structural wall shall be a minimum of 65% by weight and the
thickness shall depend on the pressure rating of the pipe.

SECTION 02086
B. Fittings
1. General
a) Bends, reducers, tees, wyes and other fittings may be compression or

resin transfer molded, fabricated from sections of pipe or manufactured
by the filament wound or hand lay-up process, using the same resin and
corrosion liner, equal to or better than that of the pipe.
2. Bends
a) Smooth turn, 1 piece, long radius bends shall be used for diameters
through 600 mm.
b) Diameters greater than 600 mm may be fabricated from mitered

sections of pipe with laminated joints.
c) Miter joint overlays shall be at least 20% thicker than butt and strap
joints of the same diameter and Service Class and shall fully compensate
for stress intensification effects.
3. Tees
a) Equal size and reducing tees may be molded in 1 piece or fabricated

from sections of pipe. Additional reinforcement shall be provided to fully
compensate for the stress intensification effects and shall apply to both
aboveground and underground piping.
b) Tee joint overlays used for fabricated tees shall be at least 50% thicker
than butt and strap joints of the same diameter and Service Class.
c) Where accessible, tees fabricated from pipe sections in all pressurized

pipe shall include an internal sealing overlay in addition to the external
reinforcing overlay. Minimum thickness of internal overlay is 3.5 mm. For
diameters equal to or greater than 600 mm, approximately 50% of the
total required reinforcing overlay shall be included in the internal overlay.
4. Reducers
a) Eccentric and concentric reducers, flanges and caps are fittings

manufactured by the filament winding process using resin-impregnated
glass fabrics applied onto the outside of a mold in a pre-determined
pattern and under controlled tension.
b) Reducers shall have a length equal to 2.5 times the difference in

diameters of the ends. Thickness of reducers shall not be less than the
thickness required for the larger end.
5. Flanges
a) Flanges may be joined to the pipe with an adhesive joint or contact

molded in 1 piece that includes a flange neck for attachment of the pipe
with a laminated butt and strap joint.

SECTION 02086
b) Filament wound and compression and resin transfer molded flanges

joined to pipe with adhesive joints shall be qualified per the
requirements of this Specification to verify axial load capacity.
c) Flanges shall be flat-faced or flat-faced with a confined O-ring gasket

groove. Flanges containing an O-ring gasket groove shall be
manufactured so that the groove does not penetrate the structural
laminate. The O-ring groove and flange face shall be completely
covered with a laminate equal to the corrosion liner used in the Service
Class.
d) Bolting patterns shall be as required by the Royal Commission.
C. Manholes
1. Manholes are required for maintenance access to the pipeline as shown on the
Contract Drawings, or as described in other Project Requirements.
2. Manholes shall be designed to the same pressure and other design conditions
as the connecting pipe. Manhole branch connections shall be flanged.
3. Manholes shall be essentially a fiberglass reinforced plastic tee connection in

the pipe, flanged with a pressure tight cover. This cover shall include a 25 mm
valved stub that can be used for air-release or testing to determine if the
pipeline is under pressure. The outlet from the valve shall be fitted with a
screwed plug. No provision for step-irons or ladders shall be made in the tee
connection.
4. Fiberglass reinforced plastic riser shall be fixed to the bolted cover of the tee
connection and this shall have a galvanized ladder installed as shown on the
Contract Drawings. The fiberglass reinforced plastic riser shall be designed by
the Contractor and manufactured to the design standards and with the
materials defined for the adjacent pipe. The ladder shall be coated with 100%
solids coal tar epoxy to a dry film thickness of 350 microns.
5. A concrete riser shall be placed over the top of the tee connection and this
shall be fitted with a heavy-duty cover at a level 450 mm above ground level.
D. Prefabricated Spools
1. Factory-prepared spool shall be used inside the plant areas to minimize field
joints.
2. Maximum fabricated dimensions of spools shall be determined by fabrication

limitations and transporting means.
3. Shop-prefabricated spools shall be hydro-tested prior to shipment in

accordance with par. 3.06.
E. Base Materials
1. All base materials (resin, glass and other materials) shall be new and free from
contamination and defects. They shall meet the performance requirements of
this Specification.

SECTION 02086
a) Epoxy Resin
1) The resin to be used in the manufacture of pipes, fittings and
flanges shall be of the bisphenol-A epoxy type or an equivalent.
The resin shall be cured by an aromatic or cyclo-aliphatic amine-
type curing agent, or an equivalent.
b) Glass-Fiber Materials
1) Glass-fiber materials to be used as reinforcement of the
thermosetting resin shall be a low-alkali type (E-glass for the
structural wall and C-glass for the corrosion-resistant liner) and
compatible with the type of epoxy resin used.
c) Filler and Pigments

1) The resin system shall not contain any filler. However, a very low
percentage of carbon black pigmentation (0.15% by weight) may
be used to give a translucent to transparent finish to the product
and to improve the product’s resistance to ultraviolet radiation. No
silica sand shall be used in the construction of the structural wall.
d) Adhesives
1) The adhesive used for adhesive-bonding joints shall be of the
epoxy type, formulated to be resistant to the fluid handled and
suitable for the surface pressure and temperature.
2) Such adhesives shall be supplied in a kit containing at least pre-
measured quantities of epoxy resin and curing agent (packed
separately in the recommended proportions) in addition to a
mixing stick (spatula) and instruction sheet.
3) Each kit shall indicate the required storage conditions and the
date of expiration of shelf life; the adhesive kit shelf life at 38°C
(100°F) shall not be less than 9 months from the date of shipment.
2.05 JOINT TYPES
A. General
1. The pipe and fittings covered by this Specification shall be assembled using
one of the following joining systems. Joining systems shall also be in
accordance with the requirements for the specific Line Class.
B. Unrestrained Joints
1. Unrestrained joints are gasketed joints which are capable of containing hoop
loads from internal pressure but not axial load. Unrestrained joints shall be
used only in underground systems where soil stiffness, thrust blocks or
frictional restraint resolve the axial forces generated by internal pressure and
thermal loads. Unrestrained joints shall not be used for directly buried pipe
under road crossings.
2. Unrestrained gasketed joints may be bell-and-spigot type utilizing double

O-rings or double bell couplings with specialized gaskets. All pipes which allow

SECTION 02086
internal access shall incorporate a provision to test the space between the
gaskets so that pressure containment can be verified from inside the pipe after
installation.
3. Unrestrained gasketed joints shall be capable of absorbing vibrations and be

unaffected by water hammer or surge pressures. They shall be capable of
accommodating differential settlement and an angular displacement of 10°
without leakage.
4. Bell ends and spigot ends shall be integrally manufactured with the pipe
length. Bells, spigots and couplings shall satisfy the same winding angle or
axial reinforcement requirements as the pipe.
C. Restrained Joints
1. Restrained joints are rigid bonded joints or gasketed joints with mechanical
restraint that are designed to withstand axial forces in addition to hoop loads
from internal pressure. Restrained joints may be used in both aboveground
and underground systems.
2. Adhesive Bonded
a) Adhesive bonded joints may utilize either a bell-and-spigot configuration

or a double bell coupling which joins two spigot ends. Joining surfaces
may be tapered or straight, per manufacturer's standard configuration.
Adhesive bonded joints shall not require the use of a laminated
overwrap to develop the required axial strength.
3. Laminated Butt and Strap Joints
a) Apply fiberglass reinforced plastic laminate to the exterior (and interior

on larger pipe) of plain end pipe to join straight pipe lengths and to
assemble fittings and spools. Overlay laminates used to assemble
fittings such as mitered bends and tees shall be adequate to
compensate for stress intensification effects. Laminated butt and strap
joints are the only joint type allowed for joining directly buried pipe under
road crossings.
4. Restrained Gasketed Joints
a) Restrained gasketed joints shall utilize either a bell-and-spigot

configuration or a separate coupling with O-ring or specialized gaskets.
Restraint shall be achieved by inserting a locking strip after assembly.
Restrained gasketed joints shall be capable of accommodating an
angular displacement of 10° without leakage.

SECTION 02086
PART 3 EXECUTION
3.01 GENERAL
A. All pipe installation works from pipe laying, joint, preparation and assembly to
suspensions, supports and excavation, bedding and backfilling, shall be carried out in
accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions, which shall become an integral part
of this Specification.
B. Installation needs to be supervised by the manufacturer’s site representative, to

ensure the adherence to installation recommendations.
C. Damp or wet jointing surfaces shall be thoroughly dried before assembly. In

inclement weather, joint preparation and assembly shall be carried out under a
protective cover.
D. Valves and heavy components in the GRE piping systems shall be independently
suspended or supported so that excessive torque, bending and longitudinal stresses
are not transmitted to or carried by the GRE line.
E. A sleeve at least 50 mm larger in diameter than the pipe shall be provided where
pipe passes through a structural wall; the opening between the pipe and sleeve shall
then be caulked with a waterproof compound which will dry to a firm but pliable mass.
F. Concrete thrust blocks, when required, shall be cast against undisturbed earth in the
location indicated on the Contract Drawings. Thrust blocks shall completely
encapsulate pipe or fitting at the point of anchorage.
3.02 INSPECTION
A. All products shall be inspected for damage immediately upon receipt and before
installation. Any products that are damaged or not in accordance with the
specifications shall immediately be repaired or removed from site and replaced.
B. Areas and trenches shall be examined into which piping is to be laid.
C. Installation shall not be commenced until unsatisfactory conditions have been

corrected.
3.03 INSTALLATION
A. General
1. Refer to SECTION 02315 for trenching and preparation.
2. Fiberglass reinforced plastic piping has roughly twice the expansion rate of
steel and this additional expansion/contraction must be anticipated.
3. The joining systems for fiberglass reinforced plastic piping systems require
more distance between fittings, joints and supports to avoid interference with
butt and strap joint overlays, socket type joints, etc.

SECTION 02086
4. Where practical, piping layout should be a flexible system that allows thermal
expansion/contraction and does not constrain the pipe between anchors. This
will avoid high anchor loads and prevent axial buckling problems in
compressed pipe runs.
5. Pipelines carrying gravity flows must be sloped sufficiently to drain while

accounting for deflection between supports. Piping with varying elevations
shall be designed to accommodate the pressure increase due to hydrostatic
head.
6. Hand lay-up of joints and repairs to damaged pipe may be permitted in the
field provided it is performed under direct supervision of the manufacturer’s
representative.
7. Where there is termination of the pipe, GRP and GRE pipes need to be
isolated from the forces of the equipment by using appropriate isolation
techniques such as anchors or expansion joints, etc.
B. Joint Assembly and Pipe Installation
1. Worker Certification
a) Joint assembly and pipe installation shall be performed by personnel

who have been trained and tested in the proper techniques and who
hold certification to this effect issued or renewed within the past 2 years.
2. Suspended Pipe
a) All suspended pipes shall be supported properly with appropriate type of

supports such as simple, guided, anchored or limit type of supports. All
these supports shall be carried out as per the project stress analysis
recommendations and requirements.
b) All the supports shall be of double U-clamp type with proper bolting.
Place 8 to 10 mm thick rubber between steel U-clamps and GRP pipe.
Direct steel contact shall be avoided.
c) All the valves and equipment shall be independently supported for GRP
piping system. If restrained joints are used, these supports should be of
simple type, where as if unrestrained joints such as couplings are used,
and then these supports should be anchor type. In no case, the
deflection of more than 13 mm (½ in.) is allowed to avoid over-sagging.
d) When roller type hangers, beams, concrete sleepers etc. are used, GRE
saddles, sized as recommended by the pipe manufacturer and shaped
to the pipe OD, shall be bonded to the pipe for no less than 180° around
the bottom of the pipe.
e) Hanger size and spacing, guide spacing, anchors, thrust blocks and
expansion joints shall conform to the approved Project Drawing.
3. Buried Pipe
a) Pipe stringing, lowering into the trench, bedding and backfilling shall be

SECTION 02086
done to the manufacturer’s specific laying instructions, to ensure that the

pipeline is not overstressed, proper bedding is provided for the pipeline
and backfilling and compacting do not cause any damage to the pipe
wall. For GRP piping system haunching shall be carried out properly.
b) The surface at the trench grade should be continuous, smooth and free
of large rocks greater than 38 mm, if rounded or greater than 19 mm, if
angular to prevent point loading on the pipe.
c) Where live load conditions do not exceed the conventional loading, the
minimum depth of burial measured from top of the pipe should be
1200 mm for all diameters. At road crossing where the loading exceeds
the conventional loading, consideration must be given to provide
additional pipe protection.
4. Anchors and Thrust Blocks
a) Thrust forces develop at changes in direction of the pipe due to internal

pressure.
b) Anchor loads develop when thermal expansion of a pipe is restrained.
c) The piping system shall be designed with sufficient means to transmit

accumulated loads to the ground or support system.
d) Anchors and thrust blocks shall be designed to mechanically restrain the

pipe as intended and have sufficient mass or bearing area to prevent
movement.
5. Vibration Prevention
a) Vibration at any amplitude has the potential to cause serious damage to

fiberglass reinforced plastic piping systems and must be addressed by
the Designer.
b) Vibration at low amplitude may become significant if the natural

frequency of the piping system is such that resonance with the source of
the vibration occurs.
c) Damage can be caused by overstressing of the pipe, contact with

adjacent equipment or abrasion at supports.
d) Vibration shall be resolved by isolation of the source with flexible

connections or by adjustments to the support types and positions.
6. Loads on Equipment Nozzles
a) Where fiberglass reinforced plastic components are connected to

process equipment nozzles, the Designer must consider the effect of the
pipe on the equipment as well as the effect of the equipment on the
pipe.
b) Anticipated displacements from equipment connections shall be

incorporated into the piping analysis and loads imposed by the pipe

SECTION 02086
shall be maintained within the allowable nozzle loads provided by the

equipment manufacturer.
7. Flange Assembly
a) Flanges for GRP pipes shall be assembled with ‘O’-ring gaskets for
diameters more than 350 mm and flat face gaskets for diameters less
than 300 mm.
b) Flanges for GRE pipes shall be assembled with full-face elastomeric

gaskets which are 3 mm thick and of 50 to 60 Shore-A Durometer
hardness.
c) Bolts shall be as recommended by the pipe manufacturer.
d) Flat washers shall be used under nuts and bolt heads.
3.04 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING
A. Foundation
1. Where foundation is specified by the Royal Commission, due to ground water

conditions organic soils or soils that exhibit a volume change with a change in
moisture content, the material for the foundation and its degree of compaction
shall be as required by the Royal Commission.
2. Crushed stone or gravel material as per SCI of AWWA M45 manual is

recommended as the foundation and bedding material.
3. The degree of compaction should be equal to or greater than that of the

compacted bedding.
B. Bedding
1. Bedding under the pipe must be crushed stone or gravel or as per

manufacturer’s recommendations. Compaction for this layer shall also be done
as per the manufacturer’s recommendations.
C. Haunch
1. Based on the type selected, backfill material in the pipe zone, including
bedding as per the Royal Commission recommendations, haunching area
needs to be properly placed and compacted. Special care shall be taken to
avoid air pockets under the pipe.
2. Sand shall be uniformly compacted around the pipe with particular care to be
given to the haunch area of the pipe.
D. Pipe Zone Backfill Material
1. Most of coarse-grained soils, (gravel, crushed stone and sand) are the
recommended pipe zone backfill materials. Gravel is easier to compact than
sand and allows the pipe to be installed deeper.

SECTION 02086
E. Backfill
1. Backfill shall be in accordance with ASTM D1557 for cohesive soils.
3.05 PIPE SUPPORTS
A. General
1. The following guidelines shall be followed when designing and positioning

supports for fiberglass reinforced plastic piping systems:
a) Support design shall meet or exceed the requirements of the pipe

manufacturer.
b) Support saddles shall be curved and fitted to the bottom 180° of the
pipe. Unprotected pipe shall never bear directly against roller supports,
flat structural steel or U-bolts. If uplift of the pipe is expected, the top
180° of the pipe shall also be protected with a fitted saddle.
c) The minimum width of the fitted saddles shall be ½ of the pipe diameter.
For pipe diameters larger than 100 mm, the support saddles shall be
steel, lined with an elastomeric material.
d) Saddles shall fit the pipe outside diameter such that contact is
maintained but clamping forces due to a poor fit or over-tightening does
not damage the pipe.
e) Supports shall be located on plain pipe whenever possible and not on

joints or fittings.
f) Standard pipe supports intended for metal piping are not usually suitable
due to dimensional differences.
g) Valves and other heavy equipment shall be independently supported.
h) Protect the pipe against external abrasion if vibrations, pulsations or

sliding are anticipated. Wear saddles shall be used in these situations to
prevent damage.
i) For supports that intentionally slide or move, the saddle should be

adhered or clamped to the pipe so that all movement occurs between
the saddle and the supporting structure to prevent chafing and wear of
the pipe wall.
B. Support Types and Usage
1. Simple Sliding Supports
a) These supports permit the pipe to move laterally and axially and allow
rotational movement. Vertical gravity loads are supported and uplift is
permitted. Frictional resistance to sliding provides the only lateral and
axial restraint. This type of support maximizes the flexibility of the piping
system, but overuse can lead to excessive lateral deflections, or a

SECTION 02086
system that is highly sensitive to pipe flow, pressure surges and

externally applied loads. Advantages of simple supports are that
allowable axial stresses are more easily maintained and that loads
transmitted to supporting structures are minimized.
2. Guides
a) Guides restrict lateral movement but permit axial and rotational

movement. Vertical gravity loads are supported and uplift is sometimes
prevented. Frictional resistance to sliding provides the only axial
restraint. Guides are used to resist lateral loads and uplift caused by
flow, pressure surges and externally applied loads such as wind and
seismic conditions. Guides can be used to control lateral deflections and
are necessary to prevent buckling when the pipe is compressed. The
use of guides provides a more stable system but imparts lateral loads to
support structures and must be used with care near changes in direction
and branch connections to minimize bending stresses.
3. Anchors
a) Anchors restrain all lateral, axial and vertical movement but are not
typically considered to prevent rotation. Anchors divide the pipe system
into individually expanding sections. Anchors usually occur at valves,
expansion joints, to protect equipment from piping loads and with care
very close to changes in direction and branch connections as allowable
axial stresses are easily exceeded. Anchors maximize the ability of the
system to withstand loads from pipe flow, pressure surges and
externally applied loads such as wind and seismic conditions. Very large
loads can be developed at anchors which the pipe must withstand and
transfer to the anchor saddle and structural supports. To be effective,
anchor saddles must be placed between two 360° shear collars
permanently bonded to the pipe. Depending upon the magnitude of
anchor loads the pipe may require local reinforcement under the saddle.
4. Other Support Types
a) Several other support types are used to install fiberglass reinforced

plastic piping systems, but all are essentially variations of the basic
simple sliding support, guide or anchor. Rod hangers permit
considerable lateral movement while supporting the pipe vertically. Limit
stops are guides that allow some lateral movement before restraining
and spring supports permit movement while offering some degree of
restraint.
5. It is good practice to use guides wherever possible and anchors at

approximately 100 m intervals. Simple sliding supports and variations should
be used only to relieve bending stresses or support loads. Vertical sections of
pipe must be supported to avoid bending stress in adjacent horizontal piping.
3.06 HYDROSTATIC TESTING
A. Hydrostatic testing of GRP and GRE piping system shall be carried out after
haunching and partial backfilling have been placed, the test to be carried out only by

SECTION 02086
experienced personnel. The pipe system shall be fixed to prevent any danger due to
possible water hammer, but all joints shall remain uncovered during hydrotesting.
B. GRP and GRE piping system shall be tested hydrostatically to 1½ times the
operating pressure at field after installation. Hydrostatic pressure shall be built up
gradually; relieving sudden pressure rises due to temperature changes (a rise in
water temperature of 5.5°C can cause a pressure rise of 2.8 bar). Air or vapor at all
high points in the system shall be completely replaced by the test fluid (clean water
or sea water) before testing.
C. The test pressure shall be held for 1 hour during which the GRP and GRE pipe line
shall show no loss of water or pressure drop. After 2 hours at test pressure and with
the pressure still applied, all pipe, fittings, installed equipment (valves or hydrants)
and joints shall be visually inspected for indications of weeping and leaking.
D. Any weeping or leaking condition discovered shall be repaired and hydrostatic test
shall be repeated until the system is proven satisfactory.
E. GRP and GRE pipeline shall be hydrotested in sections to minimize exposure to

sunlight and to avoid burial of the trench by wind-blown sand and a maximum of
around 1 km section shall be selected. All recommendations related to hydrotesting
from the manufacturer shall be followed.
3.07 FIELD REPAIRS
A. The Contractor shall be responsible for the repair of all leaks or other deficiencies
caused by faulty workmanship or materials. The method of repair shall depend upon
site conditions and the jointing system of the pipeline and the manufacturer’s
recommended repair procedure shall be strictly followed.
B. Repair of leaking pipe or joints, whatever the cause, shall consist of removing the
faulty section or a short length containing the fault and re-connecting the pipeline
using replacement parts. Over-wrapping the fault with any type of patch or other
material shall not be permitted.
C. Faulty section or defective parts shall be replaced by any of the following methods:
1. GRP flanges can be laminated to the cut ends of the damage pipe and to the
replacement section.
2. Short pipe with couplings can be inserted in a replaced section.
3. Other patch up works can be carried out based on the type of defect.
4. Mechanical or repair couplings can be utilized for quick repairs or at the places
where there are difficulties encountered during the repairs. Manufacturer shall
be consulted for appropriate recommendations at that particular location.
END OF SECTION

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SECTION 02086

FIBERGLASS REINFORCED PIPES

Item No Title Page No

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK .................................................................................. 1

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES .......................................................................................... 1

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS ......................................................................................... 1

1.06 QUALITY CONTROL ........................................................................................... 6

1.07 HEALTH AND SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS...................................................... 9

1.08 DESIGN CRITERIA.............................................................................................. 9

1.09 DELIVERY, HANDLING AND STORAGE ......................................................... 17

PART 2 PRODUCTS ....................................................................................................... 21

2.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 21

2.02 MATERIALS ....................................................................................................... 22

2.03 GRP PIPES ........................................................................................................ 23

2.04 GRE PIPES ........................................................................................................ 27

2.05 JOINT TYPES .................................................................................................... 30

PART 3 EXECUTION ...................................................................................................... 32

3.01 GENERAL .......................................................................................................... 32

3.02 INSPECTION ..................................................................................................... 32

3.04 BEDDING AND BACKFILLING.......................................................................... 35

3.05 PIPE SUPPORTS .............................................................................................. 36

3.06 HYDROSTATIC TESTING................................................................................. 37

3.07 FIELD REPAIRS ................................................................................................ 38

Rev 0 i Contract No:

1.01 DESCRIPTION OF WORK

A. The extent of piping work shall be as indicated on the Contract Drawings.

C. Applicable Water Services

a) Sea Cooling Water.

c) Brackish Water Supply.

d) Oily Water Sewer.

1.02 SECTION INCLUDES

A. Glass Reinforced Polyester/Vinylester Pipes (GRP/GRV)

B. Glass Reinforced Epoxy/Thermosetting Resin Pipes (GRE/RTR)

1.03 RELATED SECTIONS

A. Section 01320 Construction Progress Documentation

B. Section 01330 Submittal Procedures

C. Section 01410 Regulatory Requirements

D. Section 01450 Quality Control

E. Section 01650 Product Delivery Requirements

F. Section 01660 Product Storage and Handling Requirements

G. Section 02315 Excavation and Fill

Rev 0 1 of 38 Contract No:

H. Section 15051 Materials and Methods

I. Section 15055 General Requirements for Piping System

J. Section 15060 Hangers and Supports

K. Section 15140 Domestic Water Piping

L. Section 15145 Flushing, Cleaning and Treatment of Water Piping

M. Section 15150 Sanitary Waste and Vent Piping

N. Section 15195 Testing of Piping

C. API American Petroleum Institute

1. API 15LR Specification for Reinforced Thermosetting Resin

D. ASME/ANSI American Society of Mechanical Engineers/American National

1. ASME/ANSI B16.5 Pipe Flanges and Flanged Fittings

2. ANSI B31.3 Chemical Plant and Petroleum Refinery Piping

3. ANSI/AWWA C90 Standard for Thermosetting Resin Pressure Pipe

E. ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials

1. ASTM C33 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates

2. ASTM C950 Standard Practice for Repair of a Rigid Cellular

3. ASTM D445 Standard Test Method for Kinematic Viscosity of

4. ASTM D638 Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of

Rev 0 2 of 38 Contract No:

5. ASTM D696 Test for Coefficient of Linear Expansion of Plastics

6. ASTM D792 Test for Gravity and Density of Plastics by

7. ASTM D1544 Standard Test Method for Color of Transparent