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Qip-Ice-03-Classification of Engines PDF
Qip-Ice-03-Classification of Engines PDF
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Classifications
1. Engine Cycle
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Classifications – Contd.
2. Fuel Used
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Fuel Used - at a Glance
Gasoline
Diesel
Gas, Natural gas, Methane
Alcohol, Methanol
Hydrogen
Dual Fuel
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Classifications – Contd.
3. Method of Ignition
Spark Ignition: An SI engine starts the
combustion process in each cycle by use of a
spark plug. In early engine development,
before the invention of the electric spark plug,
many forms of torch of torch holes were used to
initiate combustion form an external flame.
W Engine
Radial Engine
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(a) (b) (c)
(d) (e)
(f) (g)
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Cylinder Arrangement
Single cylinder: Engine has one cylinder and
piston connected to the crankshaft.
In-Line: Cylinders are
positioned in a straight line, one
behind the other along the
length of the crankshaft.
Number of cylinders may vary
from 2 to 11 or even more. In-
line four-cylinder engines are
very common for automobiles.
In-line engines are also referred
to as straight such as straight six
or straight eight.
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V Engine: Two banks of cylinders at an angle
with each other along a single crankshaft. The
angle between the banks of cylinders is usually
within 60-90. V engines have even numbers of
cylinders ranging from 2 to 20 or more. V6 and V8
are the common engines with six and eight
cylinders respectively.
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Opposed Cylinder Engine: Two banks of
cylinders opposite to each other on a single
crankshaft. These are mostly used in small aircraft
and some automobiles with an even number of
cylinders from two to eight or more. These
engines are also called flat engines such as flat
four.
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W Engine: Similar to that of V engine except
with three banks of cylinders on the same
crankshaft. This type of arrangement has been
used in some racing cars.
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Single Cylinder Engine
The torque pulses on the crank shaft are widely spaced, and engine
vibration and smoothness are significant problems.
4-stroke
2-stroke
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Multi-cylinder Engines
Inlet
runner
Air intake
manifold
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Classifications – Contd.
5. Valve Locations
Valves in head (overhead valve), also called
I-head engine.
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(a) (b)
(c) (d)
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Classifications – Contd.
6. Air Intake process
Naturally Aspirated: No intake air pressure
boost system.
Supercharged: Intake air pressure increased
with the compressor driven off the engine
crankshaft.
Turbocharged: Intake air pressure increased
with the turbine-compressor driven by the engine
exhaust gases
Crankcase Compressed: Two-stroke cycle
engine that uses the crankcase as the intake air
compressor.
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Air Intake
Turbine Compressor
Air Intake
Aftercooler
Exhaust
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Where the turbocharger is located in the car
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Roots Blower Vane Compressor
Screw Compressor
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Classifications – Contd.
Carbureted
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Inlet
Valve
Throttle
Vent Fuel
Fuel discharge from
nozzle supply
Float
Float
Fuel metering Chamber
jet lip, h Fuel
Choke
Air
Carbureted System
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Multi Point Fuel Injection System
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Classifications – Contd.
9. Type of Cooling
Air Cooled
Liquid Cooled/Water Cooled
R a d ia to r
C ylin d e r
P isto n
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The cooling system in most cars consists of the radiator and
water pump. Water circulates through passages around the
cylinders and then travels through the radiator to cool it off.
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Classifications – Contd.
10. Applications
Marine
Light Aircraft
Lawnmowers
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References
1. Crouse WH, and Anglin DL, DL (1985), Automotive Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
2. Eastop TD, and McConkey A, (1993), Applied Thermodynamics for Engg.
Technologists, Addison Wisley.
3. Fergusan CR, and Kirkpatrick AT, (2001), Internal Combustion Engines, John
Wiley & Sons.
4. Ganesan V, (2003), Internal Combustion Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
5. Gill PW, Smith JH, and Ziurys EJ, (1959), Fundamentals of I. C. Engines, Oxford
and IBH Pub Ltd.
6. Heisler H, (1999), Vehicle and Engine Technology, Arnold Publishers.
7. Heywood JB, (1989), Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, McGraw Hill.
8. Heywood JB, and Sher E, (1999), The Two-Stroke Cycle Engine, Taylor & Francis.
9. Joel R, (1996), Basic Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison-Wesley.
10. Mathur ML, and Sharma RP, (1994), A Course in Internal Combustion Engines,
Dhanpat Rai & Sons, New Delhi.
11. Pulkrabek WW, (1997), Engineering Fundamentals of the I. C. Engine, Prentice Hall.
12. Rogers GFC, and Mayhew YR, YR (1992), Engineering Thermodynamics, Addison
Wisley.
13. Srinivasan S, (2001), Automotive Engines, Tata McGraw Hill.
14. Stone R, (1992), Internal Combustion Engines, The Macmillan Press Limited, London.
15. Taylor CF, (1985), The Internal-Combustion Engine in Theory and Practice, Vol. 1 & 2,
The MIT Press, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Web Resources
1. http://www.mne.psu.edu/simpson/courses
2. http://me.queensu.ca/courses
3. http://www.eng.fsu.edu
4. http://www.personal.utulsa.edu
5. http://www.glenroseffa.org/
6. http://www.howstuffworks.com
7. http://www.me.psu.edu
8. http://www.uic.edu/classes/me/ me429/lecture-air-cyc-web%5B1%5D.ppt
9. http://www.osti.gov/fcvt/HETE2004/Stable.pdf
10. http://www.rmi.org/sitepages/pid457.php
11. http://www.tpub.com/content/engine/14081/css
12. http://webpages.csus.edu
13. http://www.nebo.edu/misc/learning_resources/ ppt/6-12
14. http://netlogo.modelingcomplexity.org/Small_engines.ppt
15. http://www.ku.edu/~kunrotc/academics/180/Lesson%2008%20Diesel.ppt
16. http://navsci.berkeley.edu/NS10/PPT/
17. http://www.career-center.org/ secondary/powerpoint/sge-parts.ppt
18. http://mcdetflw.tecom.usmc.mil
19. http://ferl.becta.org.uk/display.cfm
20. http://www.eng.fsu.edu/ME_senior_design/2002/folder14/ccd/Combustion
21. http://www.me.udel.edu
22. http://online.physics.uiuc.edu/courses/phys140
23. http://widget.ecn.purdue.edu/~yanchen/ME200/ME200-8.ppt -
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