Rizal Course Hand Out 2

Rizal Family

Father Side

 Lam-co – migrated in the Philippines in 1600’s

o Baptized at San Gabriel Church a Chinese community in Binondo in 1697 at age 35.
o Adopted the surname Domingo
o Married Ines de la Rosa – a Chinese Christian from Manila
 Half the age of her husband
o Invited by two Spanish friars to settle in San Isidro Labrador in Bñan, Laguna, a
Dominican estate.
o Adopted the surname Mercado – meaning “market” in 1731
 Francisco Mercado – 1731
o Son of Domingo and Ines Mercado
o Named after a friar famous for his botanical studies
o Married Cirila Bernacha
o Settled with his family in Hacienda of San Juan Bautista in Calamba
o Was forced to return to Biñan because of the hostility of the Spaniards to the
Chinese immigrants because of their support to Great Britain.
o Active in local politics
o Became a gobernadorcillo - capitan del pueblo or municipal mayor
o Had two sons: Juan and Clemente Mercado
 Juan Mercado – Married Cirila Alejandro
o Elected as town’s capitan del pueblo
o Was given the privilege to elect the Philippine representative in the Spanish
parliament in 1812.
o Had 13 children including Francisco, Rizal’s father.
 Francisco Mercado – his father died when he was eight years old.
o Helped his mother in managing their family business.

Mother Side

 Lorenzo Alberto Alonzo – Teodora’s father

o His father Cipriano was a municipal captain of Biñan in 1797.
o His grandfather Gregorio was the head of the mestizos in Sta. Cruz, Manila in 1763
and 1768.
o Was married to Paula Florentino from Vigan before marrying Brigida Quintos
 Brigida Quintos – Teodora’s mother
o Manuel de Quintos – Brigida’s father was a prominent lawyer in Pangasinan who
graduated from the Univerity of Santo Tomas
o Regina Ochoa – belonged to a rich clan in Cavite
o Their family changed their surname from Quintos to Realonda
 Children:
o Narcisa
o Teodora
 o Gregorio
o Manuel
o Jose Alberto
 Don Francisco and Doña Teodora
o Met in Manila where the two of them were studying.
o They were married on June 28, 1848
o Chose to settle in Calamba where they engaged in farming and business
o Had 11 children
 Don Francisco Alejandro Mercado
o (1818-1898)
o Born in Biñan, Laguna.
o Studied Latin and Philosophy at the College of San Jose in Manila.
o His parents died at a young age
o He became a tenant-farmer of the Dominican-owned hacienda in Calamba.
 Doña Teodora Morales Alonso Realonda
o 1826-1911)
o Born on November 8, 1826
o Studied at the College of Santa Rosa- an exclusive school for girls in Manila.

The Rizal Children

1. Saturnina
a. (1850-1913)
b. Also known as Neneng
c. Married to Manuel Hidalgo from Tanawan, Batangas
2. Paciano
a. (1851-1930)
b. Jose’s only brother who also acts as his second father
c. Favorite student of Father Jose Burgos
d. Studied in the Colegio de San Jose
e. Joined the revolution after his brother’s execution
f. Lived in Los, Baños, where he had a farm
g. Was believed to be a bachelor but had two children to Severina Decena
3. Narcisa
a. (1852-1939)
b. Also known as Sisa
c. Married Antonio Lopez, a nephew of Father Leoncio Lopez (friend of the Rizal’s)
4. Olimpia
a. (1855-1887)
b. Known as Ypia
c. Married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph operator from Manila.
5. Lucia
a. (1857-1919)
b. Married Mariano Herbosa, a nephew of Father Casañas (Jose’s godfather)
c. Her husband died of cholera but was denied of Christian burial because he was
Jose’s brother-in-law
 6. Maria
a. (1859-1945)
b. Her pet name was Biang
c. Married Daniel Faustino Cruz from Biñan, Laguna
7. Jose
a. (1861-1896)
b. Born on June 19, 1861) a Wednesday between 11 and 12 midnight
c. Greatest Filipino ever lived
d. The Philippines’ National Hero
e. Was believed to be married to Josephine Bracken
f. They were believed to have a son who they named as Francisco, after his father.
8. Concepcion
a. (1862-1865)
b. Also known as Concha
c. Died because of sickness at the age of 3
d. Her death was considered by Jose as his first sorrow in life.
9. Josefa
a. (1865-1945)
b. Also known as Panggoy
c. Epileptic
d. Died as an old-maid
10. Trinidad
a. (1868-1951)
b. Known as Trining
c. The last in the Rizal family to die
11. Soledad
a. 1870-1929)
b. Youngest of the Rizal children
c. Known as Choleng
d. Married Pantaleon Quintero from Calamba

Rizal’s Education and Childhood

Calamba

• Believed to be an enchanting town

• Said to be between Mt. Makiling and Laguna de Bay
• An agricultural town owned by the Dominican Friars
• Sugar – main product

 Memories of a Student in Manila – Rizal’s autobiography written when he was 17 years old
 P. Jacinto – pseudonym used by Rizal to keep the details of his life private.
 Rizal Family

• Known to be members of the Principalia

• Has one of the stone houses in Calamba
• With Aya (yayas) and caretakers
• Tenants to the Dominican estate

Rizal’s Childhood

 Calamba Catholic Church – where Rizal was baptized by Father Rufino Collantes
o Father Pedro Casañas – godfather
o St. John the Baptist Church at present
 Don Francisco – Kikoy
o Model of fathers
o Inquilino – leading tenant
 Hired tenants to cultivate lands
o Second to build a stone house in Calamba.
 Doña Teodora - Lolay
o Cultured woman of Manila
o Knows literature and spoke Spanish better than Rizal
o A mathematician and has read many books.
 Had more than 1,000 books
 Rice, sugar and corn – products in the Rizal farm

Rizal’s Education

1. Calamba
• Teodora Alonzo – was Rizal’s first teacher
• Story of the Moth- Rizal’s favorite story told by his mother.
o The story had left a deep impression in Rizal’s life.
• 2 years old- Rizal was familiar of the alphabet
• 3 years old – he mastered the alphabet and knew how to read books
• 4 years old – knew how to write in Tagalog and Spanish
• 5 years old – he began to read haltingly the Spanish family bible
o He made sketches with his pencil mold clay and wax objects

• Father Leoncio Lopez – visited by Rizal to listen to his stimulating opinions on

current events and sound philosophy of life.

• Brothers of Doña Teodora

• Tio Gregorio – taught Jose how to read
o Taught him to work hard, to think for himself and observe life keenly
• Tio Jose Alberto – Rizal’s first teacher in arts
o Taught him how to sketch, paint and sculpt
• Tio Manuel – taught Jose the importance of martial arts and exercise.
o Swimming, fencing, wrestling and other sports

 Rizal’s Companions
o Usman – his dog
 o Alipato – his pony
o Bought by Don Francisco

• “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”(To My Fellow Children) – first poem written by Rizal in
Filipino
o Pepe Mercado
o Written when he was eight years old
• Tagalog Drama – staged in the fiesta of Calamba
o The Gobernadorcillo of Paete paid 2 pesos in exchange of the manuscript

• Tutors
• Maestro Celestino – first private tutor
• Maestro Lucas Padua
• Maestro Leon Monroy – former classmate of Don Francisco who lived with the Rizal
family for six months and taught Latin to Jose

2. Biñan
 He was sent by his father Don Francisco in this nearby town to have a formal
education.
 Paciano – accompanied the young Jose wherein they rode a carromata.
 Jose lived in his aunt’s house during his stay in Biñan
 Leandro – Rizal’s cousin became his best friend and tourist guide
 Tomasa Mercado – Rizal’s aunt where he stayed while he was in the town.
 Champorado – favourite breakfast of Rizal

 Maestro Justiniano Aquino-Cruz – owner of the school where Rizal first studied.
o Served also as his teacher
 Rizal epitomized him in one of the chapters in Noli Me Tangere
 Latin and Spanish – main subjects in Biñan
 Pedro – Rizal’s first opponent in brawling
o He was the son of Maestro Justiniano
 Andres Salandanan – Jose’s first arm-wrestling opponent
 9 years old – when Rizal studied in Biñan
 Juancho – Rizal’s teacher in painting
o Maestro Justiniano’s father in law
 Saturnina – wrote a letter to Jose asking him to come home in 1870
 Talim – the steamship that he rode on his way home

Taste of Injustice
1. Dona Teodora – was accused as an accomplice to her brother Jose Alberto in trying to
poison her sister in law whose name was Teodora Formosa.
a. Walked 50 kilometers from Calamba to Santa Cruz and was imprisoned for 2 ½
years.
b. The Dominicans helped the family by sending the best lawyers who were also
professors from UST.
2. Execution of GOMBURZA
a. February 17, 1872
b. The three secular priests were implicated in the Cavite Mutiny of January 20, 1872.
c. Francisco Zaldua – false witness who pointed the three priests.
d. Father Mariano Gomez
e. Father Jose Burgos
f. Father Jacinto Zamora
g. Archbishop Meliton Martinez – ordered the tolling of bells of the Manila Cathedral
after the execution.
h. Paciano – quit college after the execution
i. El Filibusterismo – offered in the memory of GOMBURZA.