Triumps in ateneo

unang paring nagmigrate sa pilipinas ay san augustinian

gomburza-mga paring pinatay gamit ay garote, sinasabing nanguna sa pag-aaklas pero
walang patunay
Two groups of student
Rayadillo-unifrom
2 fav interest in reading/ novels
-the count of monte cristo
-travel in the philippines
3rd year- pagsusulat
FATHER FRANCISCO SANCHEZ-RIZAL'S FAVORITE TEACHER
MARCH 23, 1977
MAGMEMORIZE NG 3-5 POEMS MADE BY RIZAL
POEMS MADE BY RIZAL IN ATENEO
Doña Teodora was the first one to discover Rizal’s poetical talent while Fr.
Sanchez helped Rizal to develop his talent.
Poems made by Rizal:
  Mi Primera Inspiration (My First Inspiration) - dedicated to Rizal’s
mother
 Through Education Our Motherland Receives Light
 The Intimate Alliance between Religion and Good Education
 To the Child
 To the Virgin Mary
early education in calamba and binan
-dona teodora-was jose's first non formal teacher
-On her lap, Jose learned prayers and the alphabet at the age of three
-maestro celestino-first private tutor
-june 1869- jose goes to binan
-carromata- mode of transportation
-Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz-first formal teacher
December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan
-talim-nung bumalik sa calamba ay ito ang sinakyan nya
-1872-inaresto si dona teodora
calamba- hometown ni rizal
aya- personal maid ni rizal
tio jose alberto- painting
tio manuel- excercise
tio gregorio- book lover
two tallest monument of dr. jose rizal in the world is in the laguna sports complex, 7.9
meters, 6 million pesos and in calamba, 22 stairs means 22 languages
almost 120 monuments

CHAPTER 1 ADVENT OF A NATIONAL HERO

Jose Rizal : 

Life, Works, and Writings

 June 19, 1861(wed) – birth date of Jose Rizal

 Born at lakeshore town of Calamba, Laguna Province
 His mother almost died during the delivery because of his big head
 June 22, 1861 – baptismal of Rizal
 nickname “Pepe”
 the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius
 Father Rufino Collantes - baptized Rizal
 Father Pedro Casañas - Rizal’s godfather
 Mariano Herbosa – nephew of Casañas/marry Lucia
 Lieutenant-General Jose Lemery –
 the governor general of the Philippines when Rizal was born. From Feb. 2, 1861
to June 7, 1862
 “Jose Protacio Rizal Mercado Y Alonso Realonda

Meanings of name

 Jose - was chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint
SanJose (St. Joseph)
 Protacio - from Gervacio P. which come from a Christian calendar 
  Mercado-  adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great-
grandfather of Jose Rizal) which the Spanish term mercado means ‘market’
in English
 Rizal – which was given by a Spanish alcalde mayor of Laguna, who was a
family friend. ‘Ricial’ is Spanish term means “new pasture”, “crops” or “green
field”.
 Alonso- old surname of his mother   Y - and
 Realonda - it was used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her
godmother based on the culture by
 a.k.a- Pepe (from St. Joseph’s name always followed by the letters “P.P” for
PATER PUTATIVUS. In spanish “P” is PEH.

Rizal’s Parents

Jose was the 7th child of 11 children of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso
Realonda.

Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado y Alejandra II 

 Born on May 11, 1818 

 Born in  Biñan, Laguna
 June 28, 1848, he married Teodora
 the youngest of the 13 children of Cirila Alejandro and Juan Mercado
 Died on Jan. 5, 1898 at the age of 80.
 Study Latin and Philosophy at Colegio de San Jose Manila

Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos

 Teodora Morales Alonzo Realonda y Quintos

 Born on November 9, 1827
 Rizal’s first teacher
 second child of Lorenzo Alonso and Brigida de Quintos
 went to College of Sta. Rosa
 Died on Aug. 16, 1911 at the age of 85.
 Study at Colegio od Santa Rosa
The Rizal Children

Don Francisco and Doña Teodora had 11 children – 2 boys and 9 girls.

 SATURNINA – oldest of the Rizal children.

Neneng - nickname
She married Manuel T. Hidalgo of Tanawan, Batangas. She died at the age of
63.

 PACIANO – older brother and confidant of Jose Rizal.

Joined the Philippine Revolution and became a combat general.
Died on April 13, 1930, an old bachelor aged 79.
Had two children by his mistress (Severina Decena)

 NARCISA - her pet name was Sisa and married Antonio Lopez,at morong Rizal.
A school teacher and mucisian.

 OLIMPIA – Ypia was her pet name; she married Silvestre Ubaldo, a telegraph
operator from Manila.

 LUCIA – married Mariano Herbosa of Calamba.

 MARIA – Biang was her nickname; she married Daniel Faustino Cruz of Biñan,
Laguna.

 JOSE – the greatest Filipino hero and peerless genius.

 He was excuted by the spaniards on December 30, 1896.

 CONCEPCION - her pet name was Concha; died of sickness at the age of three;
her death was Rizal’s first sorrow in life.

 JOSEFA- her pet name was Panggoy; died an old maid in 1945 aged 80.
 TRINIDAD – her pet name was Trining; died in 1951 at the age of 83.

 SOLEDAD – youngest of the Rizal children; her pet name was Choleng; married
Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.

 9.Josefa (1865-1945) her pet name was Panggoy; she died an old maid at the
age of 80.

 10. Trinidad (1868-1951) Trining was her pet name; she died also an old maid in
1951 aged 83.

 11. Soledad (1870-1929) youngest of the Rizal children; her pet name was
Choleng, she married Pantaleon Quintero of Calamba.

Rizal’s Ancestry

Rizal was a product of the mixture of races

In his veins flowed the blood of both East and West – Negrito, Indonesian, Malay,
Chinese, Japanese and Spanish.

Francisco Mercado lost his father and grew up under the care of his mother, while
studying in Manila he met Teodora and fell in love got married on June 28, 1848 after which
they settled in Calamba, engaged in farming and business and reared a big family.

Teodora’s family descended from Lakan Dula, the last native king of Tondo.

The Surname Rizal

The real surname of the Rizal family was Mercado, which was adopted in 1731 by
DomingoLamco (the paternal great-great-grandfather of Jose Rizal) who was a full blooded
Chinese.

Rizal’s family acquired a second surname - Rizal – which was given by a Spanish
alcalde mayor (provincial governor) of Laguna, who was a family friend.

In Spanish it means a field where wheat,

cut while still green, sprouts again.

The Rizal Home

The house of the Rizal family, where the hero was born, was one of the distinguished
stone houses in Calamba times. It was a two-storey building, rectangular in shape, built of
adobe stones and hard woods and roofed with red tiles.

Behind the house were the poultry yard full of turkeys and chickens and a big garden of
tropical fruit trees

A Good and Middle Class Family

 The Rizal family belonged to the principalia, a town aristocracy in Spanish Philippines
and one of the distinguished families in Calamba.

Dona Teodora managed a general good store and operated a small flour-mill and home
made ham press.

Rizal's parents were able to build a large stone house which was situated near the town
church; they owned a carriage, which was a status symbol of the illustrados in Spanish

Philippines and a private library (the largest in Calamba) which consisted more than 1,000
volumes; they send their children to colleges in Manila. They participated in social and
religious affairs in the community.

Home Life of the Rizals.

The Rizal family has a simple contended and happy life; with Filipino custom family ties
were intimately close. Don Francisco and Dona Teodora loved their children but thy never
spoiled them; they were strict parents, trained the children to love God, to behave well, to be
obedient, to respect people especially the old folks.

Whenever the children including Jose got into mischief, they were given a sound
spanking, evidently , they believed in the maxim; spare the rod and spoil the child.

Everyday the Rizals (parents and children) heard mass in the town church including
Sundays and Christian holidays. They prayed together daily at home – the Angelus at
sunset and the rosary before retiring to bed at night. After the family prayers, all the children
kissed the hands of their parents.

Rizal children were given ample time and freedom to play by their strict and religious
parents. They played merrily in the azotea or in the garden by themselves. The older ones
were allowed to play with the children of other families.

CHAPTER 2

Childhood Years in Calamba

Jose Rizal had many beautiful memories of childhood in his native town. He grew
up in a happy home ruled by good parents. The happiest period of Rizal’s life was
spent in thid lakeshore town.

Calamba the Hero’s Town

Rizal loved Calamba with all his heart and soul. In 1876, when he was 15 years
old & was a student in the Ateneo de Manila, he remembered his beloved town. He
wrote a poem Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo

(In Memory of My Town)

Earliest Childhood Memories

 • Happy days in the family garden when he was 3 years old

• Because he was frail, sickly & undersized child. He was given the tenderest care
by his parents

• His father build him a little nipa hut in the garden for him to play in the daytime

• A kind old woman was employed as an aya (nurse

(maid)

• Another childhood memory is was the daily Angelus

• With nostalgic feeling, he remembered the happy moonlit nights at the azotea
after the nightly rosary

• the aya related to the Rizal children many stories about fairies, tales & other
fabulous stories

• Sometimes when he did not like to take his supper, the aya would threaten him
that the aswang, the nuno, the tikbalang or a terrible turbaned Bombay would
come to take him away if he would not eat his supper.

• Another memory of his infancy was the nocturnal walk in the town when there
was a moon.

• The aya took him for a walk in the moonlight by the river

Rizal’s First Sorrow

Rizal’s children were bound together with ties of love & companionship, they
were well-bred for their parents taught them to, love & help one another.

Of his sisters, Jose loved most the little Concha

(Concepcion). He was a year older than Concha, he played with her & from her he
learned the sweetness

of sisterly love.

Concha died of sickness in 1865 when she was only 3 years old. Jose was very
fond of her cried bitterly at losing her. The death of Concha brought

him his first sorrow.

Devoted Son of the Church

 Born & bred in a wholesome atmosphere of Catholicism, Rizal grew up a good
Catholic.

• at the age of three, he began to take part in the family prayers

• his mother a devout Catholic taught him the prayers.

• Five years old, he was able to read the Spanish family Bible

• Because of his participation in novenas, love to go to church, join religious

processions, he was laughingly called Manong Jose by the hermanos &
hermanas tercera.

• Father Leoncio Lopez, the town priest, one of the men

he respected & listen to his stimulating opinions on current events & sound philosophy
of life

Pilgrimage to Antipolo

On June 6, 1868, Jose & his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to

Antipolo, in order to fulfil his mother’s vow which was made when Jose was born. Dona
Teodora could not accompany them because she had given birth to Trinidad.

It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay, he & his father rode in a casco
(barge) , he was thrilled as a typical boy should, by his first lake voyage.

After praying at the shrine they went to Manila it was the first time Jose saw
Manila, they visited Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at

La Concordia College in Santa Ana.

The Story of the Moth

Of the stories told by his mother to her favourite son, Jose, that of a young moth
made the profoundest impression on him.

Artistic Talents

Since early childhood Rizal revealed his God-given talents. At the age of 5, he
began to make sketches with his pencil & to mould clay & wax objects which attracted
his fancy.

He painted the old banner which was used during fiesta, upon the request of the
town mayor, he painted the banner with oil colour & it was better than the original one.
 Jose had the soul of a genuine artist. An introvert child, with a skinny physique &
sad dark eyes, he found a great joy looking at the blooming flowers, the ripening fruits,
the dancing waves of the lake, & the milky clouds in the sky; & listening to the

Song of the birds, the chirping of cicadas & murmurings of the breezes. He loved to ride
on a spirited pony which his father brought for him & take

long walks in the meadows & lakeshore with his black dog named Usman.

One interesting anecdote about Rizal was the incident about his clay & wax
images. One day when was about six years old his sisters laughed at him

for spending so much time making those images rather than participating in their
games. He kept silent as they laughed with childish glee. But as they were

departing, he told them: “’All right laugh at me now, someday when I die, people will
make monuments & images of me”.

Influences on the Hero’s Boyhood.

In the lives of all men there influences which cause some to be great & others
not. In the case of Rizal, he had all favourable influences, few other children in this time
enjoyed:

• Hereditary influences he inherited from his Malayan

ancestors his love for freedom, innate desire to travel, and his indomitable courage

• Environmental influence – beautiful garden, inborn artistic and literary talents,

religious atmosphere, love for freedom and justice, courteous and kind to
women. Interest in folklore and legends, from his three uncles

• – Tio Jose Alberto – inspired him to develop his artistic ability,

• -Tio Manuel – encouraged him to develop his frail body by means of physical
exercises ,including horse riding, walking and wrestling

• – Tio Gregorio – a book lover, reading of good books.

From Father Leoncio Lopez, the old parish priest of Calamba – his love for scholarship
and intellectual honesty.

• Aid of the Divine Providence – god endowed him with he versatile gifts of genius,
the spirit of a nationalist, valiant heart to sacrifice for a noble cause
  EARLY EDUCATION IN CALAMBA AND BIÑAN

 Chapter 3

 How did you learn the alphabet?

 The Hero’s First Teacher

 Doña Teodora was Jose’s first non-formal teacher

 On her lap, Jose learned prayers and the alphabet at the age of three

 Private Tutors of Rizal

 Maestro Celestino was Jose’s first private tutor

 Maestro Lucas Padua was the second private tutor

 Maestro Leon Monroy became the hero’s tutor in Spanish and Latin. He was a
classmate of Don Francisco.

 The Uncles of Rizal

 Uncle Jose Alberto – gave wise direction in the studies of Jose

 Uncle Gregorio – instilled into the mind of Jose the love for education

 The Uncles of Rizal

“Work hard and perform every task very carefully; learn to be swift as well as thorough;
be independent in thinking; and make visual pictures of everything.”

– Uncle Gregorio

 The Uncles of Rizal

 Uncle Manuel Alberto – seeing Jose was frail in nature, concerned himself with
the physical development of his nephew

 He also taught Jose the love for open air and admiration for the beauty of nature

 Jose Goes to Biñan

 Maestro Leon died five months later and Jose was sent to a private school in
Biñan.

 June 1869 – Jose goes to Biñan with Paciano

 Carromata – the mode of transportation

  Aunt’s house – where Jose lodged

 First Day in School

 First Day in School

 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – formal teacher

 Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as tall, thin, long-necked, sharp-nosed, with a

body slightly bent forward

 The school was in Maestro Justiniano’s house

 First School Brawl

 Pedro (the teacher’s son) – wrestling

 Andres Salandanan – arm wrestling

 Painting Lessons in Biñan

 Old Juancho – freely gave Jose painting lessons

 Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra became apprentices of Old
Juancho

 Daily Life in Biñan

Jose’s daily routine:

 Hears mass at 4 a.m. or studies lesson before going to mass

 Goes to orchard to look for mabolo to eat

 Breakfast

 Goes to class at 10 a.m.

 Lunch break

 Daily Life in Biñan

 Daily Life in Biñan

 Goes back to school at 2 p.m.

 Goes home at 5 p.m.

 Prays with cousins

  Studies lessons, then draws a little

 Has supper

 Prays again

 Daily Life in Biñan

 Plays in the street if moon is bright

 Sleeps

 Best Student in School

 Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Latin and other subjects

 His older classmates were jealous and squealed to the teacher whenever he had
fights

 Jose usually received five or six blows while laid out on a bench

 End of Biñan Schooling

 December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan

 Talim – the steamer that Jose rode

 Arturo Camps – a Frenchman and a friend of Don Francisco, he took care of

Jose during the trip

 Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

 January 20, 1872 – Cavite mutiny

 February 17, 1872 – Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto Zamora
were implicated and executed

 The GOMBURZA were leaders of the secularization movement

 Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

 The martyrdom of the three priests inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish
tyranny

 Letter to Mariano Ponce

“Kung wala ang 1872, wala ngayon Plaridel o Jaena o Sanciangco ni

matatapang na kolonya ng mga Pilipino sa Europe: kung wala ang 1872, si Rizal ay
isang Heswita ngayon, at sa halip na isinulat ang Noli Me Tangere, ay yaong
kabaligtaran ang isinulat. Sa harap ng mga kawalang – katarungan at kalupitan noong
ako’y bata pa, ang aking diwa ay nagising at isunumpa sa sariling maipaghihiganti ko
balang araw ang maraming biktima, at dahil ito ang nasasa isip,

 Martyrdom of GOMBURZA

Nag-aral ako ng mabuti, at mababasa ito salahat ng aking mga ginawa at isinulat.
Balang araw, bibigyan ako ng Diyos ng pagkakataong maisakatuparan ang aking
pangako.”

 In 1891, Rizal dedicated his second novel El Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA

 Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 In 1872, Doña Teodora was arrested on a malicious charge that she aided his
brother Jose Alberto in trying to poison his wife

 Jose Alberto planned to divorce his wife because of her unfaithfulness

 Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 Jose Alberto’s wife connived with the Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and
filed a case against Rizal’s mother and to her husband.

 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the lieutenant

arrest Doña Teodora

 Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 50 kilometers – Doña Teodora was made to walk from Calamba to the provincial
prison in Santa Cruz

 Injustice to the Hero’s Mother

 Don Francisco de Marcaida & Don Manuel Mazano – most famous lawyers of
Manila, defended Doña Teodora in court

 After 2 ½ years – the Royal Audiencia acquitted Doña Teodora

MOTH AND FLAME

. Jose Rizal was a naughty boy in the famous “Moth and Lamp” story.

One night “Dona Teodora was reading the story of “The Moth and the Flame” in a book,
El Amigo de los Ninos (The Friend of the children).

Young Jose was not listening to his mother for he was attracted by two moths flying
around the flame of the coconut oil of the lamp.

(The young moth, disobeying its mother's advice, flew too near the flame and got killed.
It felt dead into the hot oil of the lamp.

Rizal was deeply attracted by the death of the brave little moth that he did not notice
when his mother ended the reading of the story. All his attention was on the light of the
oil lamp and on the dead little moth.

The light that caused the little moth's death appeared to him “more beautiful” than ever.
He justified the tragic fate of the little moth. Rizal believe that it is worthy for a man to
sacrifice his life for a noble cause”

• Jose Rizal
at the
UNIVERSITY OF
SANTO TOMAS

(1877-1882)

• Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education

 Her Reason: If Rizal gets to learn more, the Spaniards will cut off his head.

 In contrary, Paciano and Don Francisco wanted Rizal to pursue College

Education.

 Take note:

The Bachelor of Arts degree during Spanish times was equivalent to a high school
diploma today.

• Enrollment at UST

 Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year. (1877-1878)

 Why Philosophy & Letters?

1.) Don Francisco liked it.

2.) Uncertainty on what course to take up.

3.) Failure to solicit the advice of Father Ramon Pablo, Ateneo’s Rector, who was then
at Mindanao.

• Rizal’s enters the University

April 1877

 Rizal enrolled at UST, taking the course on Philosophy and Letters.

Reasons:

1. His father liked it.

2. He was still uncertain as to what career to pursue.

Fr. Pablo Ramon

 rector of the Ateneo.

1877 – 1878

 Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of Philosophy

during his first year term.

1878 – 1879

 Rizal took up medical course upon the advised of Ateneo’s Rector to study
medicine.
 Reason:

-- To be able to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

• Extra-curricular activities in Ateneo

while studying at UST:

 President of the Academy of Spanish Literature

 Secretary of the Academy of Natural Sciences

 Secretary of the Marian Congregation

• Other Extra-curricular Activities

• Literary contests:

 Liceo Artistico Literario de Manila

 A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth)

 El Consej de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)

 Wrote one-act play:

 Junto al Pasig

 Poems:

 Abd el-Aziz y Mohama

 Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon

• Medical Studies at UST

 Shifting from PHL & Letters to Medicine.

Why did Rizal Shift to Medical course?

1.) Don Pablo Ramon, Ateneo Rector, advised him to choose medicine.

2.) Rizal wanted to cure his mother’s growing blindness.

• Scholastic Records from 1878-1882

2nd year – Medicine (1879-1880)

Anatomy 2 Good
 Dissection 2 Good

Physiology Good

Private Hygiene Good

Public Hygiene Good

3rd year – Medicine (1880-1881)

General Pathology Fair

Therapeutics Excellent

Surgery Good

• Reasons Why Rizal didn’t enjoy his stay at UST:

1.) Hostility of Dominican Professors to him.

2.) Racial discrimination against Filipino students.

3.) Dissatisfaction with the method of instruction.Tio

Reasons why Rizal performed poorly at UST:

1.) Medicine is not his vocation.

2.) Discontentment with the system of education.

3.) Distractions of youth.

• Compañerismo
(The Comradeship)

-Inspired by Alexander Dumas, Three Musketeers

– Secret Society of Filipino Students

– Companions of Jehu

 Inspired by Les Compagnons de Jehu

 Rizal (president)

 Galiciano Apacible (secretary)

• Humiliating treatment of brown Filipino students

• Archaic method of instruction at UST

• Favoritism & skin color – criteria for academic performance

• Spanish Brutality

 happened during his 1st summer vacation at Calamba after his freshman year.

 Failure to perceive a lieutenant during that night.

 Gen. Primo de Rivera – Gov. General of the Philippines at that time.

• Finishing Medicine at UST

• Notable in all of his subjects.

• He was the 2nd best student in a class of seven who passed the medicine
course.

• Decision to Go to Europe

 To complete his medical course in Barcelona, Spain.

 To make a name for himself in the field of Journalism.

 To observe and study European Society.

 To prepare himself for the task of liberating the Filipinos from Spanish Tyranny.