Life & Works of Rizal Module

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MODULE 1
REPUBLIC ACT 1425 (RIZAL LAW)
Learning Outcomes:
1. Explain the social context and importance of Rizal Law (RA 1425)
2. Examine the policy on the selection and proclamation of national heroes
TIME FRAME: 1 week
MATERIALS NEEDED: Module and pen, smartphone, internet
CONTENT:
Introduction
To discuss about a hero is taking him as a person with flesh and blood not as deity or a
supernatural being that is an object of reverence without understanding. To appreciate a hero like
Rizal, we must be able to learn about him--not his acts but the thoughts behind his acts, his reasons,
his experiences and his works that are relevant to our time and place. We should study Rizal as a
person--his intelligence, courage, compassion, nationalism and also his weaknesses like being a
womanizer, violent, and short-tempered that complete him as a human being. When we realize that
he is like us, then, we can truly appreciate his being human and his great and exemplary deeds are
worth emulating.
Definition of a Hero
According to the dictionary:
 A hero is a man admired for his achievements and noble qualities and regarded as an ideal or
model
 The central figure in an event, period or movement, honored for outstanding qualities
 He/she is someone who shows great courage in an important event
According to Dr. Esteban de Ocampo, a known Filipino historian,as stated in his book about
Rizal that:
“a hero means a prominent or central personage taking an admirable part in any remarkable action or
event; a person of distinguished valor or enterprises in danger or fortitude in suffering; and a man
honored after death by public worship because of exceptional service to mankind.”
Who will set the criteria for the recognition of the national hero?
No law, executive order or proclamation has been enacted or issued officially proclaiming any Filipino
historical figure as a national hero. However, because of their significant roles in the process of nation
building and contributions to history, there were laws enacted and proclamations issued honoring
these heroes. But according to historians, heroes, should not be legislated. Their appreciation should
be better left to academics. Acclamation for heroes, they felt, would be recognition enough.
Executive Order No.75 “National Heroes Committee”
Issued by President Fidel V. Ramon on March 28, 1993 creating the National Heroes
Committee under the Office of the President. The principal duty of the Committee is to study, evaluate
and recommend Filipino national personages/heroes in due recognition of their sterling character and
remarkable achievements for the country.
The Technical Committee of the National Heroes Committee had a meeting on June 3, 1993
in Manila and adopted the following criteria:
1. Heroes are those who have a concept of nation and thereafter aspire and struggle for the nation’s
freedom.
Life and Works of Jose Rizal

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2. Heroes are those who define and contribute to a system or life of freedom and order for a nation.
3. Heroes are those who contribute to the quality of life and destiny of a nation.
In another round-table discussion held on November 15, 1995, the NHC Technical Committee
further adopted the criteria submitted by Dr. Alfredo Lagmay, as follows:
1. A hero is part of the people's expression, but that process of a people's internalization of a hero's
life and works takes time, with the youth forming part of that internalization.
2. A hero thinks of the future, especially the future generations.
3. The choice of hero involves not only the recounting of an episode or events in history, but of the
entire process that made this particular person a hero .
On November 15, 1995 , the Technical Committee after deliberation and careful study based on
Dr. Onofre D. Corpuz’ and Dr. Alfredo Lagmay’s criteria selected the following nine Filipino
historical figures to be recommended as National Heroes:
a. Jose Rizal f. Marcelo H. del Pilar
b. Andres Bonifacio g. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat
c. Emilio Aguinaldo h. Juan Luna
d. Apolinario Mabini i. Gabriela Silang
e. Melchora Aquino
Laws Honoring/ Commemorating Filipino Historical Figures- for Dr.Rizal
 Decree of December 20, 1898 , issued by General Emilio Aguinaldo, declared December 30 of
every year a day of national mourning in honor of Dr. Jose Rizal and other victims of the
Philippine Revolution.
 Act No. 137, which organized the politico-military district of Morong into the Province of Rizal,
was the first official step taken by the Taft Commission to honor our greatest hero and martyr.
What is the Rizal Law or R.A.1425?
An Act to include in the Curricula of All Public and Private Schools, Colleges and Universities courses
on the Life Works and Writings of JOSE RIZAL, particularly his novels NOLI ME TANGERE and EL
FILIBUSTERISMO.
SEC.14
Courses on the life, works and writings of Jose Rizal, particularly his novels Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, shall be included in the curricula of all schools, colleges and universities, public or
private; Provided, That in the collegiate courses, the original or unexpurgated editions of the Noli Me
Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their English translations shall be used as basic texts.
SEC.2
It shall be obligatory on all schools, colleges and universities to keep in their libraries an adequate
number of copies of the original and expurgated editions of the Noli Me Tangere and
El Filibusterismo, as well as Rizal’s other works and biography. The said unexpurgated editions
of the Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo or their translations in English as well as other

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writings of Rizal shall be included in the list of approved books for required reading in all public
or private schools, colleges and universities.
SEC.3
The Board of National education shall cause the translation of the Noli Me Tangere and El
Filibusterismo, as well as other writings of Jose Rizal into English, Tagalog and the principal
Philippine dialects; cause them to be printed in cheap, popular editions; and cause them to be
distributed, free of charge, to persons desiring to read them, through the Purok organizations
and the Barrio Councils throughout the country.
Patriotic Objectives of the Rizal Law
1. To recognize the relevance of Rizal’s ideals, thoughts, teachings, and life values to present
conditions in the community and the country and apply them in the solution of day-to-day situations
and problems of contemporary life;
2. To develop an understanding and appreciation of the qualities, behavior, and character of Rizal as
well as his thoughts and ideas, and thus foster the development of moral character, personal
discipline, citizenship and vocational efficiency.
3. To comply with the patriotic objectives of the Rizal Law given by the late Senator Jose P.
Laurel.
Senator Jose P. Laurel said…
“Rizal was the founder of the Filipino nationality . He was the architect of the Filipino nation…I dare say that
we cannot know him without knowing and imbibing the great principles and ideals for which he stood and died.
Rizal believed that as we should that we teach the young men and the young women, the boys and girls in all
schools that virtue is the only foundation of national greatness. By approving this measure… It is hoped that the
future generations and the generations after us by reading the life, teachings, courage, and determination in
order that we may continue forward our never ending pilgrimage to a full, greater and more abundant life.”
Rizal, as an example of SACRIFICE
• He preferred to work through peaceful means of reforms to seek equality for his people under
Spanish laws (He could have enjoyed the fruits of his family’s abundance and rubbed elbows with the
Spanish officials and the “illustrados”)
• He spent his life abroad in hunger and poverty
• He missed the company of his parents, brothers and sisters who have been persecuted by the
Spanish government
• When he returned home, he no longer held his life in his hands
Rizal, His Ideas: A Reply to the Challenges of the Millennium
• His social and civic virtues - embodied in his noblest aspirations for his country and his people.
• by consciously and clear-headedly accepting the ultimate sacrifice of DEATH.
• His field of action that lays in the strife of politics and power, but were not in his inclinations
• He shouldered his political burden solely in the cause of duty
• A circumstance rendering him one of the figures rare in human affairs
• A revolutionary without hatred

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• A leader without worldly ambition
• He exemplified the virtues of honesty, personal integrity, civic responsibility, social values of peace,
justice, family, solidarity civic responsibility, patriotism and national dignity for his people, survive and
endure in this new millennium
• In this millennium..the very values and virtues(human honor and dignity, freedom and independence,
desire for mutual respect, and material well being) embodied in the spirit of RIZALISM will form the
core of humanity’s aspirations despite adjustments that must be accommodated by the new reality of
evolved technology and scientific advances far superior than the knowledge of the previous
millennium
Rizal, a Modern-Day Hero as compared to a Victorian hero
Victorian hero – one who is usually a dashing oriental knight in shining armor, prudent,dashing, cool
under pressure
A Modern-day Hero…
-Rizal conquered his inferiority
- He responded to the challenge of conquering himself
- He was able to accept great responsibility- he gave his own life for his country
- From a weak and frail child, Jose Rizal rose to become one of the tallest men in history
REFERENCES:
Francisco, Virlyn and Paul Micah Francisco (2018). Rizal: A Modular Approach (Based on the New
CHED Curriculum). MINDSHAPERS CO., INC., Manila
Galicia, Reynaldo D.M. et.al (2018). The Life and Works of Jose Rizal. Fastbooks Educational
Supply, Inc., Manila
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Zaide, Gregorio F. (2003). Jose Rizal Life, Works and Writings (Revised). National Book Store.,
Mandaluyong City
https://www.scribd.com/document/457869515/Rizal-module-pdf
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
______1______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:

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MODULE 2
1. Write a concept paper about the relevance of the Rizal course in our contemporary
THE PHILIPPINES IN 19TH CENTURY AS RIZAL’S CONTEXT
era.
2. Identify situation which you can use the teachings of Rizal.
Suggested Format:
I. Introduction
II. Teachings of Rizal (at least 4)
III. Application to Current Situations
IV. Conclusion
Rubrics:
Category 4 3 2 1
Ideas of Rizal The writer includes The writer includes The writer includes The writer includes
more than 4 ideas of 3 ideas of Rizal 2 ideas of Rizal only 1 idea of Rizal
Rizal
Content All the content are Most of the Some of the Most of the
correct contents are contents are contents are not
correct correct correct
Application of All the ideas were Only three ideas Only two ideas Only one idea is
Ideas applied in the current were applied were applied applied
situations
Cohesiveness All the sentences are Most of the Some of the Few of the
cohesive sentences are sentences are sentences are
cohesive cohesive cohesive
Grammar There are no There are few There are some There are few
grammatical error grammatical errors grammatical error sentences which
are correct in
terms of grammar
Learning Outcomes:
1. Appraise the link between the individual and the society
2. Analyze the various social, economic, political and cultural changes that occurred in the 19 th
century Philippines
3. Understand Jose Rizal in the context of his time

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TIME FRAME: 2 weeks
CONTENT:
The Political Situation in Spain

In the early 1800, the Spain was experiencing political instability due to the successive rise
and fall of the leaders brought by the conflict between the Liberals and the Conservatives. The
changes brought by the enlightenment and the territorial disputes made a change in the perspective
of the people towards the government.
In the span of Rizal’s lifetime, there were continuous changes in the monarchy of Spain:
 The last reign of Queen Isabel II (1861-1868)
 The rule of Marshall Serrano as Regent of Spain (1868-1871)
 The reign of Amadeo I (1871-1873)
 The period of the Spanish Republic (1873-1874)
 The Bourbon Restoration and reign of Alfonso XII (1875-1885)
 The regency of Queen Maria Cristina (1885-1896)
1808-1812- the Spanish people fought against the invasion of Napoleon Bonaparte as the latter
appointed himself as the leader of the French and aimed to expand their territory to the Iberian
peninsula
- the difficulty in the economy and the casualties from the war made the other Spaniards think
and insist political reforms
-the “Los Afrancesados” were the well educated elite who asked for liberal reforms in the
government and the result of their struggle was a constitution with a more liberal idea of the
government
Cadiz Constitution of 1812- mandated the transformation of the Spanish government from monarchy
to the constitutional monarchy, the parliamentary system in the creation of law, division of power in
the government, equality, free trade, competition and the divestment of properties held in mortmain or
the properties from the church and other institution
1820-Don Fernando VII reigned in the midst of the battle between liberal and absolutism and the
rebellion and struggle for independence of their colonies in South America
1844- The moderate liberals and conservatives succeeded to overthrow the government and put
Isabel II to the throne and upon gaining of the conservatives power and influence in the parliament
they worked for the new constitution of Spain
1935-A law was passed that legalized the confiscation of the properties of the church by the
government and the abolition of the religious orders in Spain except the religious order in the colonies
like in the Philippines
The social and political transformation in Spain paved way to the rise of different groups
which later on affected the political situation in the Philippines and influenced Rizal as he ventured to
Spain to pursue his studies and to do his mission.
1. Ilustrados (the Enlightened One)- the group of intellectuals who aimed to introduced
reform for the development of Spanish civil life and chosen by King Carlos III, they believed that
through education the society could attain reform
2. Progresistas- the group of freemasons who believed that the hindrance for the attainment
of development were the absolutism of monarchy, the ignorance of the people and the intercession of
the friars in the political and social life of the people
3. Carlista- the group that believed that to attain stability in the government and the society
the people should follow the tradition and the church

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The conflict brought by the opposite reactions and perspective of the different groups became
the basis of the arguments of the intellectual like Rizal who aimed for the political reforms in the
Philippines. Likewise, the political instability of Spain also affected the political situations in the
Philippines.
The Political Situation in the Philippines

The changes in the government of Spain and the independence of the Spanish colonies in
Latin America affected the political and economic life of the Filipino. The constant change of the
governor general in the country became the hindrance of gaining the stability of colonial government
in the Philippines which resulted to the failure of the implementation of the needed reforms in the
country.
In the midst of the changes in the political arena, the liberalization of Spanish government
resulted in the implementation of more liberal policies in their colonies and one of those policies was
the opening of the Philippines in the world trade. The opening of the Philippines in the world trade
brought development in agriculture because the foreign businessmen invested their capital in the
sugar and hemp importation. This material prosperity was enjoyed by the wealthy Filipino families like
the family of Jose Rizal. Because of this development, they were able to send their children to study in
Manila and abroad.
The Social Stratification in the Philippines
Peninsulares- the Spaniards who were born in Spain and settled in the country occupied the
highest class in the society and the position in the government. They built their
community in Intramuros (inside the city) enjoyed all the privileges in the country.
Insulares- the Spaniards born in the Philippines and like the Peninsulares, they also enjoyed the
luxuries in the country.
Creoles- the mixture of the Spanish and native. The Creoles class was the group where Jose
Rizal, the GOMBURZA and other Filipinos who sought reform in the society
during the Spanish colonization belonged. Under the Creoles was the Ilustrado or
the well educated Filipinos and the Principalia or the land owner.
Indios- the lowest class in the society composed of the natives.
The Economic Development

In the 19th century, the wealthy Filipino families were engaged in the international trade. The
business in line with agriculture attained development because of the opening of Suez Canal and
development in the international trade. However, because of the lands intended for agriculture were
under the control of the friars, they had opportunity to increase the rent in the land that resulted to the
decrease in income of the Filipino elites.
The Advent of Nationalism in the Philippines

Nationalism is a sentiment of a person towards his country. It is a display of loyalty of a
person to his own culture, history and aspiration as a nation. In the Philippines, nationalism could be
attributed to growth of national consciousness brought by the various events which challenged the
pride of the people and the rise of the Creoles and the well educated Filipinos who wrote different
essays articles and novels that challenged the community to rise and assert their rights and as for
political reforms.
The Factors that Led to the Rise of Nationalism in the Philippines

A. The Opening of the Philippines in the World Trade
The opening of the Philippines in the world trade was one important factor in the rise of
nationalism in the country because of two reasons:
 The international trade brought material progress in the different areas in the Philippines where
the agricultural products included in the trade came from. The increase of the demand in the
agricultural products brought prosperity to the provincial elite and this development made them
capable of sending their children to universities in Manila and in Spain.
 The world trade gave opportunity to the Filipinos to gain knowledge about the other parts of the
world as well as the political events and liberal ideas.
B. The Coming of the Liberal Ideas

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1. The Administration of Carlos Maria de la Torre

 Carlos Maria de la Torre was a liberal-minded governor general in the Philippines, during his
administration, he encouraged the Filipinos to participate in the government and expressed
their sentiments for the development of his administration. However, as the transition from
liberal to conservative monarch in Spain, the liberal administration of Carlos Maria de la
Torre ended and he was succeeded by a conservative governor general Rafael Izquierdo
who imposed rules opposite to de la Torre.
2. The Issue of Secularization
The secularization issue started in the times of Archbishop Sta. Justa and Governor General
Anda (1767-1776). The problems about the vacancies in the numerous churches were solved by the
appointment of Filipino priests and this decision of the archbishop was supported by Governor
General Anda. This move was criticized by the regular priest who questioned the credibility of the
Filipino priest in leading the church. On December 1776, the secularization of the parishes was
suspended. This situation in the parishes and the discrimination of the Filipino priests led to the
creation of the secularization movement and Father Pedro Pelaez, the Vicar Capitular of Manila
Cathedral led the movement. This movement sought reform in the policies of the church towards the
Filipino priest.
3. The Cavite Mutiny
The administration of Rafael de Izquierdo cancelled the benefits enjoyed by the Filipino
soldiers in Cavite like the exemption in tribute and personal services. This resulted to the unrest of
the laborers in the Cavite arsenal. This uprising was of local character and was quickly suppressed.
But the mutiny was used by the Spanish authorities against the Filipino reactionaries like the
GOMBURZA.
4. The Execution of GOMBURZA
On January 24, 1872, an uprising of the soldiers of Cavite arsenal happened and the three
priests were accused as the leaders of the uprising and on February 17, 1872, after the speedy trial
and upon the testimony of Francisco Zaldua, the three priests were executed in Bagong Bayan
(Luneta).
Father Mariano Gomez was the head priest of Bacoor, the second richest parish in Cavite in
terms of the tributes collected. He was loved by the people because of his dedication in strengthening
not only the spiritual growth of the people but also the progress in terms of their livelihood. Because of
his popularity, he became part of the list of the Spanish priest that they wanted to eliminate.
Father Jacinto Zamora, the head priest of Marikina, was also part of the secularization
movement and supported the struggle of the Filipino priest for equality and opportunity to lead a
church.
Father Jose P. Burgos, the youngest among the three and the friend of Ponciano Mercado,
the brother of Rizal. He wrote essays which contradicted the Spanish clergies and his writings and
active leadership made him part of the list of the Spanish priest.
C. The Implementation of Different Unjust Policies

 Polo y Servicios- all males 16-60 years old were obliged to work for the government for 40 days
every year but the Royal decree in 1883 increased the minimum age of the males who worked as
polista from 16 to 18 years old.
 Enconmienda- the land of the natives was confiscated and was given to the Spaniards who
helped for the expansion of the territory of Spain. The natives who were part of the land were
subjected to the policies of the enconmiendero and to the taxation.
 Hacienda owned by the Friars- the hacienda system emerged after the abolition of enconmienda.
The descendants of the enconmiendero transformed the land as their hacienda.
 Bandala- the compulsory sale of the products of the natives to the Spaniards
 Tributo- tax obligation to the government in money or in kind
D. The Maladministration of Justice

The Spanish colonial government in the Philippines had a Penal code as basis for the justice
system in the government, however, in most of the cases the accused was sentenced without the due
process of law.
E. Racial Discrimination
The social stratification made by the colonization of the Spaniards brought racial
discrimination and the usual victims were the Creoles and the Indios.

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F. The Lack of Representatives of the Filipinos in the Spanish Cortes

One of the political reforms that Rizal asked for was the representation of the Filipinos in the
Spanish Cortes. The laws formulated for the Filipinos were suited in the culture of the people and
having a Filipino as representative in the Spanish Cortes could be the way to have laws that would
protect the interest of the Filipinos and could elevate their situation under the law.
REFERENCES:
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________

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______2______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
Multiple Choice: Read the following questions.Encircle the letter of your answer.
1. What kind of government was established in the Philippines during the Spanish regime?
a. Federal b. Decentralized c. Democratic d. Centralized
2. What is Bandala?
a. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios are required to pay a certain amount of
tax.
b. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios are forced to work for 40 days.
c. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios must serve in the Spanish Armada.
d. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios must sell their products even at low
prices.
3. What kind of policy is Polo y Servicios?

a. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios are required to pay a certain amount of
tax.
b. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios are forced to work for 40 days.
c. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios must serve in the Spanish Armada.
d. It is the policy imposed by the Spaniards wherein the Indios must sell their products even at low
prices.
4. How did Polo y Servicios affect the agricultural production in the country?
a. It reduced the income from the agricultural products.
b. It increased the production in agriculture.
c. It increased the tax imposed to the agricultural products.
d. None of the above.
5. How was the Philippines ruled during the Spanish regime?

a. The Philippines was ruled directly by Spain.
b. The Philippines was ruled directly by Portugal.
c. The Philippines was ruled indirectly by Spain.
d. The Philippines was ruled indirectly by Mexico.
6. What was the system of land own imposed by the Spaniards?

a. Enconmienda b. Tributo c. Bandala d. Cedula
7. What was the significant effect of the opening of the Philippines to the world trade to the Filipino
elite during the time of Rizal?
a. The Filipino elite engaged into the business offered by the World Trade.
b. The business of the Filipino elite had the competition with other countries that are part of the world
trade.
c. The business of the Filipino elite suffered the consequences of the world trade.
d. None of the above.
8. What is nationalism?
a. It is a belief that everyone is a national.
b. It is a belief that the people are ethnocentric.
c. It is a belief that people have heterogeneous culture.
d. It is the belief that you belong to one nation.

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MODULE 3
9. What was the reason why GOMBURZA got executed?
RIZAL’S LIFE, FAMILY, CHILDHOOD AND EARLY
a. They were the ones who instigated the Cavite community
EDUCATION
b. They were the ones who reformed the Church.
c. They were the leaders of the secularization movement.
d. They were the leaders who killed regular priests.
10. How did the opening of the world trade contribute to the development of Filipino nationalism?
a. It allowed the rise of the Principalia.
b. It allowed the migration of liberal scholars.
c. It allowed the Chinese to become rich.
d. It allowed the influx of liberal ideas in the Philippines.
True or False. Write T if the statement is correct and F if it is not. Write your answer on the
space provided for.
_____1. The opening of the Philippines to the world trade contributed to the rise of the Philippine
nationalism.
_____2. The political instability in Spain was brought by the conflict between the Carlista and the
Liberal group.
_____3. The political instability in Spain did not affect the Spanish colonial government in the country.
_____4. Governor General Carlos Maria de la Torre was part of the liberal administration of Spain.
_____5. The Peninsulares were the Spaniards who were born in the Philippines by the Spaniards
parents.
_____6. The Filipinos could choose law during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines.
_____7. Enconmienda was one system of land owning imposed by the Philippines.
_____8. The secular priests were the Filipino priest.
_____9. Hacienda was owned by the Filipinos.
_____10. The secular priest had more power than the regular priest.

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Learning Outcomes:
1. Analyze Rizal’s life, family, childhood and early education
2. Evaluate the people and events and their influence in the early life of Rizal
TIME FRAME: 2 weeks
CONTENT:
Timeline: Rizal’s Family, Childhood, and Early Education
June 28, 1848 Rizal’s parents married in Calamba, Laguna: Francisco Rizal-Mercado y
Alejandra (born in Binan, April 18, 1818) and Teodora Morales Alonso-
Realonda y Quintos (born in Sta. Cruz, Manila, November 14, 1827).
June 19, 1861 Jose Rizal, the seventh child of Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso y
Quintos, was born in Calamba, Laguna.
June 22, 1861 Christened as Jose Protacio Rizal-Mercado y Alonso-Realonda at the Catholic
of Calamba by the parish priest Rev. Rufino Collantes with Rev. Pedro Casanas
as the sponsor.
September 28, The parochial church of Calamba and the canonical books, including the book
1862 in which Rizal’s baptismal records were entered, were burned.
1864 Barely three years old, Rizal learned the alphabet from his mother.
1865 When he was four years old, his sister Concepcion, the eight child in the Rizal
family, died at the age of three. It was on this occasion that Rizal remembered
having shed real tears for the first time.
1865-1867 During this time his mother taught him how to read and write. His father hired a
classmate by the name of Leon Monroy who, for five months until his death,
taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin. At about this time two of his mother’s cousin
frequented Calamba. Uncle Manuel Alberto, seeing Rizal’s frail in body,
concerned himself with the physical development of his young nephew and
taught the latter love for the open air and developed in him a great admiration
for the beauty of nature, while Uncle Gregorio, a scholar, instilled into the mind
of the boy love for education.
June 6, 1868 With his father, Rizal made a pilgrimage to Antipolo to fulfill the vow made by
his mother to take the child to the Shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo should she
and her child survive the ordeal of delivery which nearly caused his mother’s
life. From there they proceeded to Manila and visited his sister Saturnina who
was at the time studying in the La Concordia College in Sta. Ana.
1869 At the age of eight, Rizal wrote his first poem entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kabata”.
The poem was written in Tagalog and had for its theme “Love of One’s
Language”.
1870 His brother Paciano brought Rizal (aged 9) to Binan, Laguna. He was placed
under the tutelage of Justiniano Aquino Cruz, studying Latina and Spanish. In
this town he also learned the art of painting under the tutorship of an old painter
by the name of Juancho Carrera.
December 17, Having finished his studies in Binan, Rizal returned to Calamba on board the
1870 motorboat Talim. His parents planned to transfer him to Manila where he could
continue his studies.

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1871 His mother was imprisoned in Sta. Cruz, Laguna for allegedly poisoning the
wife of her cousin Jose Alberto, a rich property owner of Binan and brother of
Manuel and Gregorio.
1872 For the first time, Rizal heard of the word filibustero which his father forbade the
members of his family to utter, including such names as Cavite and Burgos.
June 10, 1872 Rizal (aged 11) examined in San Juan de Letran College, Manila, which during
the Spanish time, as part of Sto. Tomas University, controlled entrance to all
higher institutions.
June 26, 1872 Entered the Ateneo Municipal de Manila, then a public school, as a day scholar
June 16, 1875 (aged 14) became a boarder in the Ateneo
March 23, 1876 Rizal (aged 15) received the Bachelor of Arts (B.A) degree, with highest honors
from Ateneo de Manila.
The Mercado-Rizal Family

The Rizal is considered one of the biggest families during their time. Domingo Lam-co, the
family’s paternal ascendant was a full-bloodied Chinese who came to the Philippines from Amoy,
China in the closing years of the 17 th century and married a Chinese half-breed by the name of Ines
de la Rosa.
The Mercado-Rizal family had also traces of Japanese, Spanish, Malay and Negrito blood.
Francisco Mercado 1818-1898 (80) Father of Jose Rizal who was the youngest of 13
offsprings of Juan and Cirila Mercado. Born in Binan,
Laguna on April 18, 1818; studied at San Jose
College, Manila; and died in Manila.
Teodora Alonso 1827-1913 (86) Mother of Jose Rizal who was the second child of
Lorenzo Alonso and Brijida de Quintos. She studied at
the Colegio de Santa Rosa. She was a business-
minded woman, courteous, religious, hardworking and
well-read. She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila on
November 14, 1827 and died in 1913 in Manila.
Saturnina Rizal 1850-1913 (63) She was the eldest sister of Jose Rizal. She was
“the second married to Manuel T. Hidalgo, a native and one of the
mother” richest persons in Tanauan, Batangas. She was
known as Neneng.
Paciano Rizal 1851-1930 (79) Only brother of Jose Rizal and the second child.
“the big brother” Studied at San Jose College in Manila; became a
farmer and later a general of the Philippine
Revolution. He devotedly took care of Jose Rizal.
Narcisa Rizal 1852-1939 (87) The third child, her pet name was Sisa and she
“the hospitable married Antonio Lopez at Morong, Rizal; a teacher
sister” and musician. Like Saturnina, Narcisa helped in
financing Rizal’s studies in Europe. It is said that
Dona Narcisa could recite from memory almost all the
poems of Rizal. Narcisa was perhaps the most
hospitable among the siblings.
Olimpia Rizal 1855-1887 (32) The fourth child who married Silvestre Ubaldo, a
“the go-between” telegraph operator from Manila. She died due to
childbirth. Jose loved to tease her, sometimes good-
humuredly describing her as his stout sister. Jose’s
first love, Segunda Katigbak, was Olimpia’s
schoolmate at the La Concordia College. He confided
to Olimpia about Segunda and the sister willingly
served as the mediator between the two teenage
lovers.
Lucia Rizal 1857-1919 (62) The fifth child who married Mariano Herbosa.
“a fellow-sufferer” Charged of inciting the Calamba townsfolk not to pay
land rent and causing unrest, the couple was once
ordered to be deported along with some Rizal family
members. Mariano died during the cholera epidemic

14
in May 1889. he was refused a Catholic burial for not

going to confession since his marriage to Lucia.
Maria Rizal 1859-1945 (86) The sixth child, married to Daniel Faustino Cruz of
“the confidant” Binan, Laguna. Jose confided to Maria about his
plans of marrying Josephine Bracken when most of
the Rizal family was not open to the idea. He had also
brought up to Maria his plans of establishing a Filipino
colony in North British Borneo. Jose and Maria often
wrote to each other particularly when Jose was
studying abroad.
Jose Rizal 1861-1896 (35) The second son and the seventh child. He was
executed by the Spaniards on December 30, 1896.
Concepcion Rizal 1862-1865 (3) “a The eight child who died at the age of three. She is
dear loss” fondly called “Concha” by her siblings. Jose loved
most “Concha” who was a year younger than him.
She was Jose’s first grief as he mournfully wept when
she died of sickness.
Josefa Rizal 1865-1945 (80) The ninth child; an epileptic, died a spinster. She is
“the Katipunera” nicknamed as “Panggoy”. After Jose was executed,
she joined the Katipunan and was one of the original
29 women admitted to the Katipunan along with
Gregoria de Jesus, wife of Andres Bonifacio. They
secured the secret papers and documents of the
society.
Trinidad Rizal 1868-1951 (83) The tenth child; the last of the family to die; died as
“the steward’ spinster. “Trining” along with their mother, joined Jose
in Dapitan and resided with him in his square house
during his exile. A day before Jose’s execution,
Trining and their mother visited him at the Fort
Santiago prison cell. As they were leaving, Jose
handed over to Trining an alcohol cooking stove,
whispering to her in a language which the guards
could not understand, “there’s something in it”. That
something was Rizal’s elegy now known as “Mi Ultimo
Adios”.
Soledad Rizal 1870-1929 (59) The youngest child; married Pantaleon Quintero. She
“the teacher” was a teacher and was probably the best educated
among Jose’s sisters. However, Jose reprimanded
her for getting married to Pantaleon of Calamba
without their parents’ consent. Jose was very much
against women who allow themselves to be courted
outside their homes.
Meanings of Rizal’s Names
 Jose – chosen by his mother who was a devotee of the Christian saint San Jose (St. Joseph).
 Protacio – from Gervacio P. which came from a Christian calendar.
 Mercado – adopted in 1731 by Domingo Lamco (the paternal great-great grandfather of Jose
Rizal). The Spanish term “Mercado” means “market” in English.
 Rizal – in Spanish means a field where wheat, cut while still green, sprouts again.
 Y – and
 Alonzo – old surname of his mother.
 Realonda – used by Doña Teodora from the surname of her godmother.
Childhood Years in Calamba
Calamba, the Hero’s town
 Calamba

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 Natal town of Rizal.

 Named after a big native jar.
 Happiest period of Rizal’s life was spent in this lake-shore town, a worthy prelude to his Hamlet-
like tragic manhood.
 Hacienda town which belonged to the Dominican Order.
 Picturesque town nestling on a verdant plain covered with irrigated rice fields and sugar lands.
 A few kilometers to the south looms of the legendary Mt. Makiling and beyond this mountain is
the province of Batangas.
 East of the town is the Laguna de Bay.
 Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In Memory of My Town)
 A poem written by Rizal in 1876 when he was 15 years old and a student of Ateneo de Manila
Earliest Childhood Memories
 The first memory of Rizal, in his infancy, was his happy days in the family garden when he was 3
years old. He was given the tenderest care by his parents because he was frail, sickly, and
undersized.
 His father built a little nipa cottage in the garden for him to play in the daytime.
 An aya (nurse maid), a kind old woman, was employed to look after him.
 He watched from the cottage, the culiauan, maya, maria capra, & martin pitpit and other birds
and listened with “wonder and joy” to the twilight songs.
 The daily Angelus prayer.
 The happy moonlit nights at the azotea after the nightly Rosary.
 The imaginary tales told by the aya aroused Rizal’s interest in legends and folklore.
 The aya would threaten Rizal with asuang, nuno, tigbalang, or a terrible bearded and turbaned
Bombay would come to take him away if he would not eat his supper.
 The nocturnal walk in the town esp. when there was a moon with his aya by the river.
The Hero’s First Sorrow
 Death of Little Concha (Concepcion)

- “When I was four years old,” he said, “I lost my little sister Concha, and then for the first time I
shed tears caused by love and grief…”
Devoted Son of the Church
 Young Rizal is a religious boy. He grew up a good Catholic.

 At the age of 3, he began to take part in the family prayer. His mother taught him the Catholic
Prayers.
 5 years old, he was able to read the Spanish family bible.
 He was so seriously devout that he was laughingly called Manong Jose by the Hermanos &
Hermanas Terceras.
 Father Leoncio Lopez, town priest, one of the men he esteemed & respected in Calamba during
his boyhood.
Pilgrimage to Antipolo
 June 06, 1868. Jose and his father left Calamba to go on a pilgrimage to Antipolo.
 First trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay and his first pilgrimage to Antipolo. They rode in a Casco
(barge).
 He was awed by “The magnificence of the water expanse and the silence of the night”.
 After praying at the shrine of the Virgin of Antipolo, Jose and his father went to Manila and visited
Saturnina, who was then a boarding student at La Concordia College in Santa Ana.
The Story of the Moth

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The story of the moth and the flame was told to Rizal by his mother on a night when her mother
was teaching him how to read a book entitled “The Children’s Friend” (El Amigos de los Niños).
His mother grew impatient of his poor reading and lack of focus and always straying his eyes on
the flame of the lamp and the cheerful moths surrounding it. Knowing his interest to stories, his
mother decided to stop teaching him and instead read him an interesting story.
Upon hearing the story, it gave a deep impression on Rizal. However, it’s not the story’s moral
that truly struck him, he actually envied the moths and their fate and considered that the light was so
fine a thing that it was worth dying for.
Artistic Talents
 Age 5, started making sketches with his pencil and to mould in clay and wax objects which
attracted his fancy.
 A religious banner was always used during fiesta and it was spoiled; Rizal painted in oil colors a
new banner that delighted the town-folks.
 Jose had the soul of a genuine artist.
 Age 6, his sisters laughed at him for spending so much time making those images rather than
participating in their games. He told them “All right laugh at me now! Someday when I die, people
will make monuments and images of me!”
First Poem by Rizal
 Age 8, Rizal wrote his first poem in the native language entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kabata” (To My
Fellow Children). He wrote it in an appeal to our people to love our national language.
First Drama by Rizal
 Age 8, Rizal wrote his first dramatic work which was a Tagalog Comedy. It was staged in a
Calamba festival.
 A gobernadorcillo from Paete purchased the manuscript for 2 pesos.
Rizal as Boy Magician
 He learned various tricks such as making a coin appear and disappear in his fingers and making
a handkerchief vanish in thin air.
 Entertained his town folks with magic-lantern exhibitions. This consisted of an ordinary lamp
casting its shadow on white screen.
 Also gained skill in manipulating marionettes (puppet shows).
 In Chapter XVII and XVIII of his second novel, El Filibusterismo (Treason), he revealed his wide
knowledge of magic.
Lake-shore Reveries
 Rizal used to meditate at the shore of Laguna de Bay, accompanied by his pet dog, on the sad
conditions of his oppressed people.
 He wrote to his friend, Mariano Ponce: “In view of these injustices and cruelties, although yet a
child, my imagination was awakened and I made a vow dedicating myself someday to avenge the
many victims. With this idea in my mind, I studied, and this is seen in all my writings. Someday
God will give me the opportunity to fulfill my promise.”
Influences in the Hero’s Boyhood
 Hereditary Influence - inherent qualities which a person inherits from his ancestors and parents.
- Malayan Ancestors - love for freedom, desire to travel, and indomitable courage.
- Chinese Ancestors - serious nature, frugality, patience, and love for children.
- Spanish Ancestors - elegance of bearing, sensitivity to insult, and gallantry to ladies.
- Father - sense of self-respect, love for work, and habit of independent thinking.
- Mother - religious nature, spirit of self-sacrifice, passion for arts and literature.
 Environmental Influence - environment, as well as heredity, affects the nature of a person;

includes places, associates, & events.

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- Calamba and the garden of the Rizal family - stimulated the inborn artistic and literary talents of
Jose Rizal.
- Religious atmosphere at his home - fortified his religious nature.
- Paciano - love of freedom and justice.
- Sisters – to be courteous and kind to women.
- Fairy tales told by his aya - interest in folklores and legends.
- 3 Uncles: Tio Jose Alberto - artistic ability, who studied 11 years in a British school in Calcutta,
India; Tio Manuel - develop his frail body by means of physical exercises including horse riding,
walking, and wrestling; Tio Gregorio - Rizal’s voracious reading of good books.
- Father Leoncio Lopez - fostered Rizal’s love for scholarship and intellectual
honesty.
- The sorrows in his family contributed for Rizal to strengthen his character.
- The Spanish abuses and cruelties he witnessed awakened Rizal’s spirit of patriotism and
inspired him to consecrate his life and talents to redeem his oppressed people.
 Aid of Divine Providence

- A person cannot attain greatness in the annals of the nation despite having everything life
(brains, wealth, and power) without this.
- Rizal was providentially destined to be the pride and glory of his nation; endowed by God with
versatile gifts of a genius, vibrant spirit of a nationalist, and the valiant heart to sacrifice for a
noble cause.
Early Education in Calamba and Biñan
The Hero’s First Teacher
 Doña Teodora, his mother, was his first teacher.

 Private tutors: Maestro Celestino (first tutor) and Maestro Lucas Padua (second tutor). Leon
Monroy, a former classmate of Rizal’s father, became the hero’s tutor in Spanish and Latin.
Jose Goes to Biñan
 After Monroy’s death, Rizal’s parents decided to send him to a private school in Biñan.
 June 1869. Jose left Calamba for Biñan with Paciano.
 Carromata – their mode of transportation.
 Aunt’s House – where Jose lodge.
First Day in Biñan School
 Maestro Justiniano Aquino Cruz – owner and teacher of the school.

 Rizal described Maestro Justiniano as “tall, thin, long-necked, and sharp-nosed with a body
slightly bent forward.”
First School Brawl
 Jose challenged Pedro to a fight and he won having learned the art of wrestling from his athletic
Tio Manuel.
 Andres Salandaan challenged Rizal to an arm-wrestling match. Jose, having the weaker arm, lost
and nearly cracked his head on sidewalk.
Painting Lessons in Biñan
 Old Juancho, father-in-law of the school teacher, freely gave Jose painting lessons.
 Jose Rizal and his classmate Jose Guevarra became apprentices of the old painter.
Daily Life in Biñan

1. Hears mass at 4:00 AM or studies lesson at that hour before going to mass.
2. Goes to the orchard to look for a mabolo to eat.
3. Breakfast: rice and 2 dried small fish.

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4. Goes to class until 10:00 AM and goes home for lunch.

5. Goes back to school at 2:00 PM and comes out at 5:00 pm.
6. Prays with cousins and returns home.
7. Studies lesson and draws a little.
8. Supper: one or 2 rice with an ayungin.
9. Prays again and if there’s a moon, plays with cousins.
Best Student in School
 Jose surpassed his classmates in Spanish, Latin, and other subjects.

 His older classmates were jealous and wickedly squealed to the teacher whenever he had fights.
 Jose usually received five or six blows while laid out on a bench from his teacher.
End of Biñan Schooling
 December 17, 1870 – Jose left Biñan using the steamer Talim for Calamba.
 Arturo Camps – Frenchman and friend of his father who took care of him during his trip.
Martyrdom of GOMBURZA
 January 20, 1872 – Cavite Mutiny.

 February 17, 1872 – Fathers Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos, and Jacinto Zamora were implicated
and executed.
 The GOMBURZA were leaders of the secularization movement.
 The martyrdom of the 3 priests inspired Rizal to fight the evils of Spanish tyranny.
 Paciano quit his studies at the College of San Jose and returned to Calamba, where he told the
heroic story of Burgos to Rizal.
 In 1891, Rizal dedicated his second novel El Filibusterismo to GOMBURZA.
Injustice to the Hero’s Mother
 In 1872, Doña Teodora was arrested on a malicious charge that she aided his brother Jose
Alberto in trying to poison his wife.
 Jose Alberto planned to divorce his wife because of her infidelity. His wife connived with the
Spanish lieutenant of the Guardia Civil and filed a case against Rizal’s mother.
 Antonio Vivencio del Rosario – gobernadorcillo of Calamba, helped the lieutenant arrest Doña
Teodora.
 50 kilometers – Doña Teodora was made to walk from Calamba to the provincial prison in Santa
Cruz.
 Don Francisco de Mercaida and Don Manuel Marzan – most famous lawyers of Manila, defended
Doña Teodora in court.
 After 2 ½ years, the Royal Audencia acquitted Doña Teodora.
REFERENCES:
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City

19
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
______3______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
Happy Birthday, Dr. Rizal!
This activity is designed to commemorate the birthday of Dr. Jose Rizal. Although this lesson
could take place any time in the year, Rizal’s birthday is on the 19 th of June.
You create a handmade birthday card and write a personalized message to our national hero
in appreciation of the latter’s amazing heroism, sacrifice and influence to our country.
Rubrics:
Score Rating Description
 The card is exceptionally attractive in terms of design, lay-out, and
5 neatness
 The embellishments used on the card reflect an exceptional degree of
student creativity in their creation and/or display
 The card follows all directions
 There are no grammatical mistakes on the card
 The card is attractive in terms of design, lay-out, and neatness
4  The embellishments used on the card reflect student creativity in and /or
display
 The card follows all directions
 There is one (1) grammatical mistake on the card
 The card is acceptably attractive though it may be a bit messy
3  The embellishments are made by the student but are based on the
design or ideas of others
 The card follows all but one of the directions
 There are two (2) grammatical mistakes on the card
 The card is distractive and messy or very poorly designed
2  No embellishments used by the student are included
 Several directions were not followed
 There are more than two (2) grammatical mistakes on the card
1  Copied from other’s work

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Place your card here:
ABROAD

21
MODULE 4
RIZAL’S LIFE: HIGHER EDUCATION AND LIFE
Learning Outcomes:
1. Describe the life of Rizal in Ateneo and in UST
2. Explain the principle of assimilation advocated by the Propaganda Movement
3. Appraise the relationship of Rizal and other propagandists
4. Analyze Rizal’s growth as a propagandist
TIME FRAME: 2 weeks
CONTENT:
Scholastic Triumphs at Ateneo de Manila (1872-1877)

Jose was sent to Manila four months after the Martyrdom of GomBurZa and with Doña Teodora still in
prison. He studied in the Ateneo Municipal, a college under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits.
Ateneo Municipal
 Bitter rival of the Dominican-owned College of San Juan de Letran.

 Formerly the Escuela Pia (Charity School) – for poor boys in Manila established in 1817.
 In 1859, name was changed to Ateneo Municipal by the Jesuits and later became the Ateneo de
Manila.
Rizal Enters the Ateneo
 June 10, 1872 – Jose, accompanied by Paciano, went to Manila to take the entrance
examinations on Christian Doctrine, arithmetic, and reading at College of San Juan de Letran,
and passed them. His father was the first one who wished him to study at Letran but he changed
his mind and decided to send Jose at Ateneo instead.
 Father Magin Fernando – college registrar of Ateneo Municipal, refused to admit Jose because:
(1) he was late for registration and (2) he was sickly and undersized for his age (11 years old).
 Manuel Xerez Burgos – nephew of Father Burgos; upon his intercession, Jose Rizal was admitted
at Ateneo.

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 Jose used Rizal instead of Mercado because the name “Mercado” had come under suspicion of
the Spanish authorities.
 Boarded in a house on Caraballo Street, owned by Titay who owed Rizal family 300 pesos.
Jesuit System of Education
 Jesuit trained the character of the student by rigid discipline, humanities, and religious instruction.
 The students heard Mass in the morning before the beginning of daily class.
 Classes were opened and closed with prayers.
 Students were divided into two groups: Roman Empire – consisting of the internos (boarders) with
red banners; and Carthaginian Empire – composed of the externos (non-boarders) with blue
banners.
 Each of these empires had its rank. Students fought for positions. Any student could challenge
any officer in his “empire” to answer questions on the day’s lesson. With 3 mistakes, opponents
could lose his position.
1st best: EMPEROR
2nd best: TRIBUNE
3rd best: DECURION
4th best: CENTURION
5th best: STANDARD-BEARER
 Ateneo students’ uniform is consisted of “hemp-fabric trousers” and “striped cotton coat”. The coat
was called rayadillo and was adopted as the uniform for Filipino troops during the days of the First
Philippine Republic.
Rizal’s First Year in Ateneo (1872-73)
 June 1872 – first day of class in Ateneo.

 Fr. Jose Bech – first professor of Rizal.
 Rizal was placed at the bottom of the class since he was a newcomer and knows little Spanish.
He was an externo and was assigned to Carthaginians. At the end of the month, he became
emperor of his Empire. He was the brightest pupil in the whole class.
 Took private lessons in Santa Isabel College and paid 3 pesos for extra Spanish lessons.
 Placed 2nd at the end of the year, although all his grades were still marked Excellent.
Summer Vacation (1873)
 March 1873 – Rizal returned to Calamba for summer vacation.

 His sister Neneng (Saturnina) brought him to Tanawan to cheer him up.
 Visited his mother in prison at Santa Cruz without telling his father.
 After vacation, he returned to Manila for his 2nd year term in Ateneo.
 Boarded inside Intramuros at No. 8 Magallanes Street.
 Doña Pepay – landlady and old widow with a widowed daughter and four sons
Second Year in Ateneo (1873-74)
 Rizal lost the leadership but he repented and even studied harder, once more he became
emperor. He received excellent grades in all subjects and a gold medal.
 He had 3 classmates from Biñan who had also been his classmates in the school of Maestro
Justiniano.
Prophecy of Mother’s Release
 Doña Teodora told her son of her dream the previous night. Rizal, interpreting the dream, told her
that she would be released from prison in 3 months time. It became true.
 Doña Teodora likened his son to the youthful Joseph in the Bible in his ability to interpret dreams.
Teenage Interest in Reading
 The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexander Dumas – Jose Rizal’s first favorite novel.

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 Also read non-fiction, Cesar Cantu’s historical work Universal History.

 He also read Travels in the Philippines by Dr. Feodor Jagor, German who visited the Philippines
in 1859-1860. In this book, he foretold that someday Spain would lose the Philippines and that
America would come to succeed here as colonizer.
Third Year in Ateneo (1874-75)
 Shortly after the opening of classes, his mother was released from prison.
 Rizal did not make an excellent showing in his studies.
 He failed to win the medal in Spanish because his spoken was not fluently sonorous.
Fourth Year in Ateneo (1875-76)
 June 16, 1875 – he became an inferno in Ateneo.

 Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – inspired him to study harder and write poetry. Rizal described
him as “model of uprightness, earnestness, and love for the advancement of his pupils”.
 He returned to Calamba with 5 medals and excellent ratings.
Last Year in Ateneo (1876-77)
 June 1876 – last year of Rizal in Ateneo.

 The most brilliant Atenean of his time, “the pride of the Jesuits”.
 Obtained highest grades in all subjects.
Graduation with Highest Honors
 Excellent scholastic records from 1872-1877.

 March 23, 1877 – Commencement Day. 16 year old Rizal received from his Alma Mater the
degree of Bachelor of Arts with highest honors.
Extra-Curricular Activities
 An emperor inside the classroom and campus leader outside.

 Secretary of the Marian Congregation.
 Member of Academy of Spanish Literature and the Academy of Natural Sciences.
 Studied painting under the famous Spanish painter Agustin Saez.
 Studied sculpture under Romualdo de Jesus, noted Filipino sculptor.
 Engaged in gymnastics and fencing.
 Fr. Jose Villaclara advised him to stop communing with the muses and pay more attention to
practical studies such as philosophy and natural science.
Sculptural Works in Ateneo
 Carved an image of The Virgin Mary on a piece of batikuling (Philippine hardwood).

 Father Lleonart requested him to carve an image of the Sacred Heart of Jesus. Ateneo students
placed the image on the door of the dormitory and remained there for many years.
Anecdotes on Rizal, The Atenean
 Felix M. Ramos – one of Rizal’s contemporaries in Ateneo.

 Manuel Xeres Burgos – whose house Rizal boarded shortly before he became an inferno.
Poems Written in Ateneo
 Mi Primera Inspiracion (My First Inspiration) – first poem he wrote for his mother’s birthday.
 In 1875, inspired by Father Sanchez, he wrote more poems such as: Filicitacion (Felicitation), El
Embarque: Himno a la Flota de Magallanes (The Departure Hymn to Magellan’s fleet), Y Es
Espanol: Elcano, the first to circumnavigate the world), and El Combate: Urbiztondo Terror de
Jolo (The Battle: Urbiztondo, Terror of Jolo).
 In 1876, Rizal wrote poems on various topics: Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblu (In Memory of My Town),
Alianza Intima Entre la Region Y La Buena Educacion (Intimate Alliance Between Religion and
Good Education), Por la Educacion Recibe Lustre La Patria (Through Education the Country

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Receive Light), E Cultivero Y El Triunfo (The Captivity and the Triumph: Battle of Lucena and the
Imprisonment of Boabdil), and La Entrada Triuntal de Los Reyes Catolices en Granada (The
Triumphal Entry of The Catholic Monarches into Granada).
 A year later, in 1877 he wrote more poems: El Heroismo de Colon (The Heroism of Colombus),
Colon y Juan II (Colombus and John II ), Gran Consuelo en la Mayor Desdicha (Great Solace in
Great Misfortune), and Un Diarogo Alusivo a la Despedida de los Colegiales (A Farewell Dialogue
of the Students.
Rizal’s Religious Poems
 Al Niño Jesus (To the Child Jesus) – a brief ode; written in 1875 when he was 14 years old.
 A La Virgen Maria (To the Virgin Mary).
Dramatic Work in Ateneo
 Father Sanchez, his favorite teacher, ask him to write a drama based on the prose story of St.
Eustace the Martyr.
 Summer 1876 in Calamba - he wrote the religious drama in poetic verses.
 June 02, 1876 - finished the manuscript.
 He submitted the finished manuscript entitled “San Eustacio, Martir” (St. Eustace, the Martyr) to
Father Sanchez in his last academic year in Ateneo.
First Romance of Rizal
 16 years old - Rizal experienced his first romance.

 Segunda Katigbak - a pretty 14 years old Batangueña from Lipa; sister of his friend Mariano
Katigbak.
 His sister Olimpia was a close friend of Segunda in La Concordia College.
 Segunda was already engaged to Manuel Luz. His first romance was ruined by his own shyness
and reserve.
 Segunda returned to Lipa and later married Manuel Luz. Rizal remained in Calamba, a frustrated
lover, cherishing nostalgic memories of lost love.
Medical Studies at the University of Santo Tomas (1877-1882)
Mother’s Opposition to Higher Education
 Doña Teodora opposed the idea of sending Rizal to UST to pursue higher education because she
knew what happened to Gom-Bur-Za and the Spaniards might cut off his head if he gets to know
more. Rizal was surprised by his mother’s opposition, who was a woman of education and
culture. Despite his mother’s tears, Don Francisco told Paciano to accompany Rizal to Manila.
Rizal Enters the University
 April 1877 – Rizal matriculated in the University of Santo Tomas.

 He enrolled in UST taking up Philosophy and Letter for two reasons: (1) his father liked it and (2)
he was “still uncertain as to what career to pursue”
 He asked the advice of Father Pablo Ramon (Rector of the Ateneo) on what career to choose but
Father Recto was in Mindanao so he was unable to advice Rizal.
 First-year Term (1877-78) – Rizal studied Cosmology, Metaphysics, Theodicy, and History of
Philosophy.
 Ateneo Rector’s advice – study medicine; reason: to be able to cure his mother’s growing
blindness.
Finishes Surveying Course in Ateneo (1878)

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 While Rizal was studying at UST, he also studied in Ateneo. He took the vocational course
leading to the title of “perito agrimensor” (expert surveyor).
 Colleges for boys in Manila offered vocational courses in agriculture, commerce, mechanics, and
surveying.
 He excelled in all subjects in the surveying course obtaining gold medals in agriculture and
topography.
 At the age of 17, he passed the final examination in the surveying course.
 November 25, 1881 – he was granted the title as surveyor.
 Because of his loyalty to Ateneo, he continued to participate actively in the Ateneo’s extra-
curricular activities.
 He was president of the Academy of Spanish Literature and secretary of the Academy of Natural
Sciences.
Victim of Spanish Officer’s Brutality
 One dark night in Calamba, during the summer vacation in 1878, when Rizal was walking in the
street and dimly perceived the figure of a man while passing him. Not knowing the person was a
lieutenant of the Guardia Civil; he did not salute nor say greetings. With a snarl, he turned upon
Rizal, whipped out his sword and brutally slashed his back.
 Rizal reported the incident to General Primo de Rivera, the Spanish Governor General of the
Philippines at that time, but nothing came out because he was an Indio and the accused was a
Spaniard. Later in a letter to Blumentritt dated March 21, 1887, he related, “I went to the Captain-
General but I could not obtain justice; my wound lasted two weeks.”
“To the Filipino Youth” (1879)
 Liceo Artisco-Literano (Artistic-Literary Lyceum) of Manila – society of literary men and artists;
held a literary contest.
 At the age of 18, Rizal submitted his poem entitled A La Juventud Filipina (To the Filipino Youth).
 The Board of Judges – composed of Spaniards; gave the first prize to Rizal which consisted of a
silver pen, feather-shaped and decorated with a gold ribbon.
 Rizal beseeched the Filipino youth to rise from lethargy, to let their genius fly swifter than the wind
and descend with art and science to break the chains that have long bound the spirit of people.
 Reasons why Rizal’s poem was a classic in Philippine Literature: (1) it was the first great poem in
Spanish written by a Filipino, whose merit was recognized by Spanish literary authorities and (2) it
expressed for the first time the nationalistic concept that the Filipinos were the “fair hope of the
Fatherland”.
“The Council of the Gods” (1880)
 Artistic-Literary Lyceum – opened another literary contest for both Filipino and Spaniards to
commemorate the fourth centennial of the death of Cervantes, Spain’s glorified man-of-letters and
famous author of Don Quixote.
 Rizal submitted an allegorical drama entitled El Consejo de los Dioses (The Council of the Gods)
and he received the first prize, a gold ring on which was engraved the bust of Cervantes.
Other Literary Works
 Junto al Pasic (Beside the Pasig) (1880) – a zarzuela which was staged by the Ateneans on
December 08, 1880, on the annual celebration of the Feast Day of the Immaculate Conception
(Patrones of the Ateneo).
 A Filipinas (1880) – a sonnet he wrote for the album of the Society of Sculptors.
 Abd-el-Azis (1879) – a poem declaimed by Manuel Fernandez on the night of December 08, 1879
in honor of the Ateneo’s Patroness.

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 Al M.R.P. Pablo Ramon (1881) – a poem he wrote as an expression of affection to Father Pablo
Ramon.
Rizal’s Visit to Pakil and Pagsanjan
 Summer of May 1881 - Rizal went to a pilgrimage to the town of pakil, famous shrine of the Birhen
Maria de los Dolores.
 He was accompanied by his sisters—Saturnina , Maria, and Trinidad and their female friends.
 They took a casco (flat-bottom sailing vessel) from Calamba to Pakil, Laguna, and stayed at the
home of Mr. and Mrs. Manuel Regalado, whose son Nicolas was Rizal’s friend in Manila.
 Rizal and his companions were fascinated by the famous turumba (people dancing in the streets
during the procession in honor of the miraculous Birhen Maria de los Dolores)
 Rizal was infatuated by a pretty girl colegiala, Vicenta Ybardolaza, who skillfully played the harp
at the Regalado home.
 Reasons why Rizal and his company made side trip to the neighboring town of Pagsanjan: (1) it
was the native town of Leonor Valenzuela and (2) to see the world famed Pagsanjan Falls.
Champion of Filipino Students
 Rizal was the champion of the Filipino students in their fights against the arrogant Spanish
students, who insultingly called their brown classmates “Indio, chongo!” In retaliation, the Filipino
students called them “Kastila, bangus!”.
 In 1880 - Rizal founded a secret society of Filipino students in the University of Santo Tomas
called “Compaňerismo” (Comradeship), whose members were called “Companions of Jehu,” after
the valiant Hebrew general who fought the Armaeans.
 Galicano Apacible - Rizal’s cousin from Batangas; secretary of Compañerismo.
 Fierce encounter near the Escolta in Manila where Rizal was wounded on the head, and tenderly
washed and dressed by Leonor Rivera in his boarding house “Casa Tomasina”.
Unhappy Days at the UST
 He was unhappy at this Dominican institution of higher learning because (1) the Dominican
professors were hostile to him; (2) the Filipino students were racially discriminated against by the
Spaniards, and (3) the method of instruction was obsolete and repressive.
 Rizal, the most brilliant graduate of Ateneo, failed to win high scholastic honors.
Decision to Study Abroad
 After finishing the fourth year of his medical course, Rizal decided to study in Spain. He could no
longer endure the rampant bigotry, discrimination, and hostility in the University of Santo Tomas.
 He did not seek his parent’s permission and blessings to go abroad; and even his beloved
Leonor.
In Sunny Spain (1882-1885)
Rizal’s Secret Mission
 To observe keenly the life and culture, languages and customs, industries, commerce and
government and laws of the Europian Nations in order to prepare himself in the mighty task of
liberating of oppressed people from Spanish tyranny.
 Approval of his older brother Paciano
 Rizal has no permission and blessings to his parents.

27
Secret Departure for Spain
 The people who knows Rizal will go to Spain:
- Older brother (Paciano)

- His uncle (Antonio Rivera, father of Leonor Rivera)
- His sisters (Neneng and Lucia)
- Valenzuela family (Capitan Juan and Capitana Sanday and their daughter Orang)
- Pedro A. Paterno
- Mateo Evangelista – his compadre
- Ateneo Jesuit fathers
- Some intimate friends, including Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio).
 Jose Mercado - the name he used; a cousin from Biñan.
 May 3, 1882 - Rizal departed on board the Spanish streamer Salvadora bound for Singapore.
Singapore
 The only Filipino to board the steamer with 16 passengers, the rest was Spaniards, British, and
Indian Negroes.
 Captain Donato Lecha - ship captain from Asturias, Spain, befriended him.
 May 08, 1882 - he saw a beautiful island; he remembered “Talim Island with the Susong Dalaga”
 May 09 - the Salvadora docked at Singapore.
 Hotel de la Paz – Rizal registered here and spent two days on sightseeing on a soiree of the city.
From Singapore to Colombo
 May 11 - Rizal transferred to another ship Djemnah, a French streamer.

 Among these passengers were British, French, Dutch, Spaniards, Malays, Siamese, and Filipinos
(Mr. & Mrs. Salazar, Mr. Vicente Pardo, and Jose Rizal).
 May 17- the Djemnah reached Point Galle, a seacoast town in southern Ceylon (now Sri Lanka).
Rizal was unimpressed by this town; he said it is “picturesque but lonely and quiet and at the
same time sad”.
 Colombo - the capital of Ceylon; Rizal wrote on his diary “Colombo is more beautiful, smart and
elegant than Singapore, Point Galle and Manila”.
First Trip Through Suez Canal
 From Colombo, Djemnah continued the voyage crossing the Indian Ocean to the Cape of
Guardafui, Africa, and then a stopover on Aden. From Aden, Djemnah proceeded to the city of
Suez, the Red Sea terminal of the Suez Canal. It took five days to traverse the Suez Canal. At
Port Said, the Mediterranean terminal of the Suez Canal, Rizal landed and he was fascinated to
hear the multi-racial inhabitants speaking a babel of tongues – Arabic, Egyptian, Greek, French,
Italian, Spanish, etc.
 Rizal sighted the barren coast of Africa which he called an “inhospitable land but famous”.
 Aden - hotter than manila; he was amused to see the camels.
 Ferdinand de Lesseps (French diplomat-engineer) - built the Suez Canal, inaugurated on Nov.
17, 1869.
Naples and Marseilles

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 June 11 – Rizal reached Naples.

 June 12 – the steamer docked at the French harbor of Marseilles. He visited the famous Chateau
d’lf, where Dantes, hero of The Count of Monte Cristo, was imprisoned.
 Stayed 2 ½ days at Marseilles.
Barcelona
 May 15 – Rizal left Marseilles.

 June 16, 1882 – Rizal reached Barcelona, the greatest city of Cataluña and Spain’s 2 nd largest
city.
 Rizal’s first impression on Barcelona: ugly, with dirty little inns and inhospitable residents.
 Second impression: a great city, with an atmosphere of freedom and liberalism, and its people
were open-hearted, hospitable, and courageous.
 Las Ramdas - most Famous street in Barcelona
“Amor Patrio”
 “Amor Patrio” (Love of Country) – nationalistic essay; his first article written on Spain’s soil.
 Basilio Teodoro Moran – publisher of Diariong Tagalog, first Manila bilingual newspaper (Spanish
and Tagalog.
 It was under Rizal’s pen name: Laong Laan.
 Printed in Diariong Tagalog on August 20, 1882.
 Published in two texts – Spanish (originally written by Rizal in Barcelona) and Tagalog (made by
M.H. del Pilar).
 “Los Viajes” (Travels) – second article for Diariong Tagalog
 “Revista de Madrid” (Review of Madrid) – third article; wrote in Madrid on November 29, 1882;
returned to him because the Diariong Tagalog had ceased publication due to lack of funds.
Manila Moves to Madrid
 September 15, 1882 - Rizal received a letter from Paciano. According to the letter, cholera was
ravaging Manila and the provinces.
 Sad news from Chengoy, Leonora Rivera was unhappy and getting thinner because of the
absence of a loved one.
 In one of his letters (dated May 26, 1882) Paciano advised Rizal to finish his medical course in
Madrid, therefore, Rizal establish himself to Madrid.
Life in Madrid
 November 3, 1882 – Rizal enrolled in the Universidad Central de Madrid (Central University of
Madrid in 2 courses: Medicine and Philiosophy and Letters.
 Academy of Fine Arts of San Fernando – school where he studied painting and sculpture.
 Hall of Arms of Sanz y Carbonell – place where practiced fencing and shooting.
 Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey – former city mayor of Manila; promoted vice-president of the Council of
the Philippines in the Ministry of Colonies (Ultramar).
Romance with Consuelo Ortiga y Perez
 Consuelo – prettiest daughter of Don Pablo fell in love with Rizal.

 A La Señorita C. O. y P. (To Miss C. O. y P.) – a lovely poem he composed on August 22, 1883
dedicated to Consuelo.

29
 He backed out into a serious affair because (1) he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera and (2) his
friend and co-worker in the Propaganda Movement, Eduardo de Lete, was madly in love with
Consuelo.
“They Ask Me For Verses.”
 1882 – Rizal joined the Circulo Hispano-Filipino (Hispano-Philippine Circle), a society of

Spaniards and Filipinos.
 “Me Piden Versos” (They Ask Me For Verses) – personally declaimed during New Year’s Eve
reception of the Madrid Filipinos held on December 31, 1882.
Rizal as Lover of Books
 Señor Roces – owner of store where Rizal purchased 2nd hand books.
 Rizal was deeply affected by Beecher Stowe’s “Uncle Tom’s Cabin” and Eugene Sue’s “The
Wandering Jew”.
Rizal’s First Visit to Paris
 June 17 to August 20, 1883 – sojourning in gay capital of France.

 Hotel de Paris – where he first billeted on 37 Rue de Maubange.
 Latin Quarter – where he moved; cheaper hotel on 124 Rue de Rennes.
Rizal as a Mason
 March 1883 – joined the Masonic lodge called “Acacia” in Madrid.

 Reason for becoming a mason: to secure Freemasonry’s aid in his fight against the friars in the
Philippines.
 Lodge Solidaridad (Madrid) – where he became a Master Mason on November 15, 1890.
 February 15, 1892 – he was awarded the diploma as Master Mason by Le Grand Orient de
France in Paris.
 “Science, Virtue and Labor” – only Masonic writing.
 Very active in Masonic affairs: M.H. del Pilar, G. Lopez Jaena, and Mariano Ponce.
Financial Worries
After Rizal’s departure for Spain, things turned from bad to worse in Calamba. Due to hard times
in Calamba, the monthly allowances of Rizal in Madrid were late in arrival and there were times they
never arrived. On June 24, 1884, a touching incident in Rizal’s life occurred; with an empty stomach,
he attended his class at the university, participated in the contest in Greek language and won the gold
medal. In the evening, he was able to eat dinner, for he was a guest speaker in a banquet held in
honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo at Restaurant Ingles, Madrid.
Rizal’s Salute to Luna and Hidalgo
 June 25, 1884 – the banquet was sponsored by the Filipino community.
 Luna’s Spolarium won first prize and Hidalgo’s Christian Virgins Exposed to the Populace, second
prize in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid.
Rizal Involved in Student Demonstrations

30
 November 20, 21, and 22, 1884 – Madrid exploded in bloody riots by the students of the Central
University.
 Dr. Miguel Morayta – professor of history; these student demonstrations were caused by his
address “the freedom of science and the teacher”.
 The appointment of the new Rector intensified the fury of the student demonstrators.
Studies Completed in Spain
 June 21, 1884 - degree of Licentiate in Medicine by the Universidad Central de Madrid.
 Did not present the thesis required for graduation nor paid the corresponding fees, he was not
awarded his Doctor’s diploma.
 June 19, 1885 (his 24th birthday) – degree of Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters by the
Universidad Central de Madrid.
Paris to Berlin (1885-87)
After completing his studies in Madrid, Rizal went to Paris and Germany in order to specialize in
ophthalmology. He particularly chose this branch of medicine because he wanted to cure his mother’s
eye ailment.
In Berlin, Jose met and befriended several top German scientists, Dr. Feodor Jagor, Dr. Adolph B.
Meyer, and Dr. Rudolf Virchow.

31
In Gay Paris (1885-86)
 Maximo Viola – friend of Jose; a medical student and a member of a rich family of San Miguel,
Bulacan.
 Señor Eusebio Corominas – editor of the newspaper La Publicidad and who made a crayon sketch of
Don Miguel Morayta.
 Don Miguel Morayta – owner of la Publicidad and a statesman.
 November 1885 – Rizal was living in Paris, where he sojourned for about four months.
 Dr. Louis de Weckert (1852-1906) – leading French ophthalmologist were Jose worked as an
assistant from Nov. 1885 to Feb. 1886.
 January 1, 1886 – Rizal wrote a letter for his mother to reveal that he was rapidly improved his
knowledge in ophthalmology.
Rizal relaxed by visiting his friends, such as the family of the Pardo de Taveras (Trinidad, Felix, and Paz),
Juan Luna and Felix Resureccion Hidalgo.
"His co-Filipino medical student, Trinidad H. Pardo de Tavera offered hospitality and support for Rizal's
courageous ventures. Nellie Bousted (standing third from right), who lived in Biarritz and Paris, fenced
with Rizal (second from left) and might have become Mrs. Rizal, had she not insisted on turning him
Protestant. Also in photo are artist Felix Resurreccion Hidalgo (third from left) and Paz Pardo de Tavera
Luna (second from right). Juan Luna's mother-in-law, Juliana GorrichoPardo de Tavera is seated at the
center holding Luna's son Andres."
 Paz Pardo de Taveras – a pretty girl who was engaged to Juan Luna. In her album, Jose sketches
the story of “The Monkey and the Turtle”.
 “The Death of Cleopatra” – where he posed as an Egyptian Priest.
 “The Blood Compact” – where he posed as Sikatuna, with Trinidad Pardo de Taveras taking the role
of Legazpi.
"Rizal (seated) shared a deep friendship with painter Juan Luna and often agreed to pose for Luna's
paintings as in 'The Death of Cleopatra.'" -- In Excelsis: The Mission of José Rizal, Humanist and
Philippine National Hero by Felice Prudenta Sta. Maria. In the foreground is Rizal as Egyptian scribe,
recording the event for posterity. Behind him are Trinidad Pardo de Tavera as Octavius Caesar and Felix
Pardo de Tavera as Dolabella. Missing are Charmian and Iras.
Rizal as a Musician
 November 27, 1878 – Rizal wrote a letter to Enrique Lete saying that “he learned the solfeggio”, the
piano, and voice culture in one month and a half.
 Flute – the instrument that Jose played in every reunion of Filipinos in Paris.
 “Alin Mang Lahi” (Any Race) – a patriotic song which asserts that any race aspires for freedom.
 La Deportacion (Deportation) – a sad danza, which he composed in Dapitan during his exile.
In Historic Heidelberg
 Feb. 1, 1886 – Jose left Gay, Paris for Germany.

 Feb. 3, 1886 – he arrived in Heidelberg, a historic city in Germany famous for its old university and
romantic surroundings.
 Chess player – Jose was a good chess player so that his German friend made him a member of the
Chess Player’s Club.
 University of Heidelberg – where Jose transferred to a boarding house near the said university.
To the Flowers of Heidelberg
 Spring of 1886 – Rizal was fascinated by the blooming flowers along the cool banks of the Neckar
River.
 The light blue “forget-me-not” – his favorite flower
 April 22, 1886 – wrote a fine poem “To the Flower of Heidelberg”.
With Pastor Ullmer at Wilhemsfeld
 Wilhelmsfeld – where Rizal spent a three month summer vacation.

 Protestant Pastor Dr. Karl Ullmer – where Rizal stay at the vicarage of their house and who become
his good friend and admirer.
 June 25, 1886 – he ended his sojourn and felt the pays of sadness.
 May 29, 1887 – Rizal wrote from Minich (Muchen) to Friedrich (Fritz).
First Letter to Blumentritt
 July 31, 1886 – Rizal wrote his first letter in German to Blumentritt.

32
 Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt – Director of the Ateneo of Leitmeritz, Austria.
Fifth Centenary of Heidelberg University
 August 6, 1886 – fifth centenary of Heidelberg University
In Leipzig and Dresden
 August 9, 1886 – Rizal left Heidelberg.

 August 14, 1886 – when he arrived in Leipzig.
 Rizal translated Schiller’s William Tell from German into Tagalog. He also translated Fairy Tales of
Hans Christian Anderson. He stayed about two and half month in Leipzig.
 October 29, 1886 – he left Leipzig for Dresden where he met Dr. Meyer.
 Dr. Adolph B. Meyer – director of the Anthropological and Ethnological Museum.
 Nov. 1 – he left Dresden by train, reaching Berlin in the evening.
Rizal Welcomed in Berlin’s Circles
 Berlin – where Rizal met Dr. Feodor Jagor

 Dr. Feodor Jagor – author of Travels in the Philippines.
 Dr. Hans Virchow – professor of Descriptive Anatomy.
 Dr. Rudolf Virchow – German Anthropologist.
 Dr. W. Joest – noted German geographer.
 Dr. Karl Ernest Schweigger – famous German ophthalmologist where Jose worked in his clinic.
 Rizal became a member of the Anthropological Society, Ethnological Society, and Geographical
Society of Berlin.
Rizal’s Life in Berlin
 Five reasons why Rizal lived in Germany:

─ Gain further knowledge of ophthalmology
─ Further his studies of sciences and languages
─ Observe the economic and political conditions of the German nation
─ Associate with famous German scientists and scholars
─ Publish his novel, Noli me Tangere
 Madame Lucie Cerdole – French professor; she became Jose’s professor in Berlin. He took private
lessons in French in order to master the idiomatic intricacies of the French language.
Rizal on German Women
 March 11, 1886 – Rizal wrote a letter addressed to his sister, Trinidad, expressing his high regard
and admiration for German womanhood.
 German woman – serious, diligent, educated and friendly
 Spanish woman – gossipy, frivolous and quarrelsome
German Customs
 Christmas custom of the Germans

 Self-introduce to stranger in social gathering
Rizal’s Darkest Winter
 Winter of 1886 – Rizal’s darkest winter in Berlin.

 He lived in poverty because no money arrived from Calamba. Rizal starved in Berlin and shivered
with wintry cold, his health down due to lack of proper nourishment.
REFERENCES:
Galicia, Reynaldo D.M. et.al (2018). The Life and Works of Jose Rizal. Fastbooks Educational Supply,
Inc., Manila
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City

33
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
______4______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
From Me To You: A Postcard with Love
This activity will help you learn the countries where Rizal had traveled. Create your own postcard
messages using the MS Word presentation.
Procedure:
1. Review the correct components of a postcard including how to create one properly.
2. Research the countries where Rizal had visited in the library or in the internet.
3. Choose a country and the needed information for your postcard.
4. Using a MS WORD program, you design and create your own postcard giving information about the
country’s scenic spots and other interesting facts about the country in a way that seems like you have
personally visited them.
5. Add pictures to your postcard by copying images from the internet and by using the clip art available in
the internet.
6. Send the postcard to your google classroom
Rubrics:
Criteria Rating Score

Postcard Design
Postcard pictures represent something about the country of your choice. 5
A symbol, an attraction, a landmark, etc.
State Symbol
The state symbols are listed and described in the informational 5
paragraph written on the postcard.
Description of State
Included in your paragraph is where the country is located, its neighbor 5
countries, and the size and shape of the country.
Description of Landmarks
Included in your paragraph are what kinds of plants and animals 5
especially found in the country, what are the country’s natural resources,
etc.
Grammar, Usage, and Meaning
Your paragraph has been edited for punctuation, it makes sense, and 5
sentences are in a logical order.
TOTAL 25

34
MODULE 5
NOLI ME TANGERE
Learning Outcomes:
1. Appraise the important characters of the novel and what they represent
2. Examine the present Philippine situations through the examples mentioned in the novel
TIME FRAME: 1 week
CONTENT:
Noli Me Tangere Published in Berlin (1887)
The bleak winter of 1886 in Berlin was Rizal’s darkest winter because no money arrived from
Calamba and he was flat broke. The diamond ring which his sister, Saturnina, gave him was in the
pawnshop. It was memorable in the life of Rizal for two reasons (1) it was a painful episode for he was
hungry, sick and despondent in a strange city (2) it brought him great joy after enduring so much
sufferings, because his first novel, Noli Me Tangere came off the press in March, 1887. Like to the
legendary Santa Claus, Dr. Maximo Viola, his friend from BULACAN, arrived in BERLIN at the height if
his despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel.
Idea of Writing a Novel on the Philippines
 His reading of Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin - inspired Dr. Rizal to prepare a novel that
would depict the miseries of his people (Filipinos) under the lash of Spanish tyrants.
 January 2, 1884- in a reunion of Filipinos in the Paterno residence in Madrid, Rizal proposed the
writings of a novel about the Philippines by a group of Filipinos. His proposals were approved by
PATERNOS (Pedro, Maximo and Antonio), Graciano Lopez JAENA, Evaristo AGUIRRE, Eduardo
DE LETE, Julio LLORENTE, Melecio FIGUEROA and Valentin VENTURA.
The Writing of the Noli
 Toward the end of 1884, Rizal began writing the novel in Madrid and finished about one-half of it.
 When Rizal went to Paris, in 1885, after completing his studies in the Central University of Madrid, he
continued writing the novel, finishing one half of the second half.
 Rizal finished the last fourth of the novel in Germany. He wrote the last few chapters of the Noli in
Wilhelmsfeld in April-June, 1886.
 In Berlin during the winter days of February, 1886, Rizal made the final revisions on the manuscript of
the Noli
Viola, Savior of the Noli
 Dr. Maximo Viola- Rizal’s rich friend from Bulacan, arrived in Berlin at the height of Rizal
despondency and loaned him the needed funds to publish the novel; Viola was shocked to find
RIZAL in a dirty place, just not to waste money for the printing of NOLI ME TANGERE.
 After the Christmas season, Rizal put the finishing touches on his novel. To save printing expenses,
he deleted certain passages in his manuscript, including a whole chapter—“Elias and Salome”.
 February 21, 1887- the Noli was finally finished and ready for printing.
 Berliner Buchdruckrei-Action-Gesselschaft- a printing shop which charged the lowest rate, that is,
300 pesos for 2,00 copies of the novel
Rizal Suspected as French Spy.
During the printing of NOLI, the chief of police BERLIN visit RIZAL’s boarding house and requested
to see his passport, unfortunately, that time to travel with or without passports is possible. The police
chief then told him to produce a passport after 4 days.

35
Immediately VIOLA accompanied RIZAL in the Spanish Ambassador, the COURT of BENOMAR,
who promised to attend to the matter. But the ambassador failed to keep his promise, but it turns out that
he had no power to issue the required passport.
The 4 day ultimatum expired. RIZAL himself apologize to the chief police, while asking why has he to
be deported, the police chief answered that he was always seen visiting many villages, thereby
pronouncing him as a French SPY.
RIZAL in fluent GERMAN explained to the police, that he was a Filipino ethnologist, who visits rural
areas to observe customs and lifestyles of their simple inhabitants. The chief impressed and fascinated
on RIZAL’s explanation, allowed him to stay freely in GERMANY.
Printing of the Noli Finished
Every day, Rizal and Viola were always at the printing shop proof reading the printed pages.
 March 21, 1887- the Noli Me Tangere came off the press, RIZAL immediately sent the first copies to
BLUMENTRITT, DR. ANTONIO REGIDOR, G. LOPEZ JAENA, MARIANO PONCE, and FELIX R.
HIDALGO.
“I am sending you a book, my first book… bold book on the life of tagalongs… Filipinos will find it the
history of the last ten years…”
 March 29, 1887- Rizal, in token of his appreciation and gratitude, gave Viola the galley proofs of the
Noli carefully rolled around the pen that he used in writing it and a complimentary copy, with the
following inscription: “To my dear friend, Maximo Viola, the first to read and appreciate my work—
Jose Rizal”
The Title of the Novel
 The title Noli Me Tangere is a Latin phrase which means “Touch Me Not”. It is not originally
conceived by Rizal, for he admitted taking it from the Bible.
 Rizal, writing to Felix Hidalgo in French on March 5, 1887, said: “Noli Me Tangere, words taken from
the Gospel of St. Luke, signify “do not touch me” but Rizal made a mistake, it should be the Gospel of
St. John (Chapter 20 Verses 13 to 17).
“Touch me not; I am not yet ascended to my father...”
 Rizal dedicated his Noli Me Tangere to the Philippines—“To My Fatherland”.
 The cover of Noli Me Tangere was designed by Rizal. It is a ketch of explicit symbols. A woman’s
head atop a Maria Clara bodice represents the nation and the women, victims of the social cancer.
One of the causes of the cancer is symbolized in the friar’s feet, outsized in relation to the woman’s
head. The other aggravating causes of oppression and discrimination are shown in the guard’s
helmet and the iron chains, the teacher’s whip and the alferez’s scourge. A slight cluster of bamboo
stands at the backdrop; these are the people, forever in the background of their own country’s
history. There are a cross, a maze, flowers and thorny plants, a flame; these are indicative of the
religious policy, the misdirected ardor, the people strangled as a result of these all.
 The novel Noli Me Tangere contains 63 chapters and an epilogue.
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor- Filipino patriot and lawyer, who had been exiled due to his complicity in the
Cavite Mutiny of 1872, read avidly the Noli and was very much impressed by its author.
Characters of Noli
 The Noli Me Tangere was a true story of the Philippine conditions during the last decades of Spanish
rule.
 Maria Clara - was Leonor Rivera, although in real life she became unfaithful and married an
Englishman.
 Ibarra and Elias - represented Rizal himself.
 Tasio - the philosopher was Rizal’s elder brother Paciano.
 Padre Salvi - was identified by Rizalists as Padre Antonio Piernavieja, the hated Augustinian friar in
Cavite who was killed by the patriots during the Revolution.
 Capitan Tiago - was Captain Hilario Sunico of San Nicolas.
 Doña Victorina - was Doña Agustina Medel.
 Basilio and Crispin - were the Crisostomo brothers of Hagonoy.

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 Padre Damaso - typical of a domineering friar during the days of Rizal, who was arrogant, immoral
and anti-Filipino.
Rizal’s Grand Tour of Europe with Viola (1887)
After the publication of Noli, Rizal planned to visit the important places in Europe. Dr. Maximo Viola
agreed to be his traveling companion. Rizal received Pacianos remittance of P1000 which forward by
Juan Luna from Paris and immediately paid his debt to Viola which he loaned so that the Noli could be
printed. First, he and Viola visited Potsdam, a city near Berlin.
Tour Begins
At the dawn of May 11, 1887, Rizal and Viola, two browned-skinned doctors on a roaming spree, left
Berlin by train. Spring was an ideal season for travel. Their destination was in Dresden, one of the
best cities in Germany´.
Dresden
Rizal and Viola tarried for sometimes in Dresden. They visited Dr. Adolph B. Meyer, who was overjoyed
to see them. In the Museum of Art, Rizal was deeply impressed by painting of Prometheus Bound´. They
also meet Dr. Jagor and heard there plan about Leitmeritz in order to see Blumentritt. He advice to wire
Blumentritt because the old professor might be shock of their visit.
First Meeting with Blumentritt
At 1:30 pm of May 15, 1887 the train arrived at the railroad station of Leitmeritz. Professor Blumentritt
was at the station carrying a pencil sketch of Rizal which he sent to identify his friend. Blumentritt get a
room at Hotel Krebs, after which he bought them to his house and stayed Leitmeritz May 13 to 14 1887.
Beautiful Memories at Leitmeritz
They enjoyed hospitality of Blumentritt family. The professor¶s wife, Rosa, was a goodcook. She
prepared Austrian dishes which Rizal¶s liked very much. Blumentritt proved to be agreat tourist as well
as hospitable host. He showed the scenic and historical spots of Leitmeritz tohis visitors. The
Burgomaster (town mayor) was also amazed by Rizals privileged talent.
Prague
Rizal and Viola visited the historic city of Prague. They carried letters of recommendation from Blumentritt
to Dr. Wilkom, professor in University of Prague. Rizal and Viola visited the ³Tomb of Copernicus.
Vienna
May 20 they arrived at Vienna capital of Austria-Hungary. They met Norfenfals, one of the greatest
novelist iun that time. They stayed at Hotel Metropole. They also meet two good friends of Blumentritt ±
Masner and Nordman, Austrian scholars.
Danubian Voyage to Lintz
May 24, Rizal and Viola left Vienna on a river boat too se beautiful sights of Danube River. As they
travelled along the famous river, Rizal observed keenly river sights.
Form Lintz to Rheinfall
The river voyage ended in Lintz. They travelled overland to Salzburg, and from there to Munich where the
sojourned for a short time to savor the famous Munich Beer.
Crossing the Frontier to Switzerland
They stayed from June 2 to 3 1887 and continued tour to Basel (Bale), Bern, and Laussane.
Geneva
Rizal and Viola left Laussane in a little boat crossing the foggy Leman Lake to Geneva. On June 19,
1887, his 26th birthday; Rizal treated Viola to a blow-out. Rizal and Viola spent fifteen days in Geneva. On
June 23, they parted ways. Viola decided to return to Barcelona while Rizal continued his tour to Italy.
Rizal Resents Exhibition of Igorots in 1887 Madrid Exposition
Rizal received sad news from his friends in Madrid of the deplorable conditions of the primitive Igorots
who were exhibited in this exposition. Some of these Igorots died. Rizal was outraged by the degradation
of his fellow countrymen.

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Rizal in Italy
He visited Turin, Milan, Venice and Florence. On June 27, 1887, he reached Rome. He was thrilled by
the sights and memories of the Eternal City Rome. On June 29th, Rizal visited or the first time the
Vatican, the City of the Popes and the capital of Christendom. After a week of staying in Rome, he
prepared to return to the Philippines. He had already written to his father that he was coming home.
First Homecoming, 1887-88
All the alluring beauties of foreign countries and all the beautiful memories of his sojourn in alien
lands could neither make Rizal for his fatherland nor turn his back to his own nationality. True that he
studied abroad, acquired the love and languages of foreign nations, and enjoyed the friendship of many
great men of the Western world; but he remained at heart a true Filipino with an unquenchable love for
the Philippines and an unshakable determination to die in the land of his birth. Thus, after five years of
memorable sojourn in Europe, he returned to the Philippines in August 1887 and practiced medicine in
Calamba. He lived the quite life of a country doctor. But his enemies, who resented his Noli, persecuted
him, even threatening to kill him.
Decision to Return Home
Because of the publication of the Noli Me Tangere and the uproar it caused among the friars, Rizal
was warned by Paciano (his brother), Silvestre Ubaldo (his brother-in-law), Chengoy (Jose M. Cecilio),
and other friends to return home. But he did not heed their warnings. He was determined to return to the
Philippines for the following reasons: (1) to operates on his mother’s eye’s; (2) to serve his people who
had long been oppressed by the Spanish tyrants; (3) to find out for himself how the Noli and his other
writings were affecting the Filipinos and Spaniards in the Philippines: and (4) to inquire why Leonor
Rivera remained silent.
In a letter to Blumentritt, written in Geneva on June 19, 1887, Rizal said: “Your advice that I live
in Madrid and continue to write from there is very benevolent but I cannot accept it . I cannote endure the
life in Madrid where everything is a voice in a wilderness. My parents wants to see me, and I want to see
them also. All my life I desire to live in my country by the side of my family. Until now I am not
Europeanized like the Filipinos of Madrid; I always like to return to the country of my birth”.
In Rome, on June 29, 1887, Rizal wrote to his father, announcing his homecoming. “On the 15 th of
July, at the latest”, he wrote, “I shall embark for our country, so that from 15 th to the 30th of August, we
shall see each other”.
Delightful Trip to Manila
Rizal left Rome by the train for Marseilles, a French port, which he researched without mishap. On
July 3, 1887, he boarded the streamer Djemnah, the same streamer which brought him to Europe five
years ago. There were about 50 passengers, including 4 Englishmen, 2 Germans, 3 Chinese, 2
Japanese, many Frenchmen, and 1 Filipino (Rizal).
Rizal was the only one among the passengers who could speak many languages, so that he acted as
interpreter for his companions.
The Streamer was enroute to the Orient via the Suez Canal. Rizal thus saw this historic canal for the
second time, the first time was when he sailed to Europe from Manila in 1882. On board, he played chess
with fellow passengers and engage in lively conversation in many languages. Some passengers sang:
others played on the piano and accordion. After leaving Aden, the weather became rough and some of
Rizal’s books got wet. At Saigon, on July 30, he transferred to another streamer Haiphong which was
Manila-bound. On August 2, this streamer left Saigon to Manila.
Arrival in Manila
Rizal”s voyage from Saigon to Manila wa pleasant. On August 3 rd the moon was full, and he slept
soundly the whole night. The calm see, illumined by the silvery moonlight, was a magnificent sight to him.
Near midnight of August 5, the Haiphong arrived in Manila. Rizal went ashore with a happy heart for
he once more trod his beloved native soil. He stayed in the city for a short time to visit his friends. He
found Manila the same as when he left it five years ago. There were the same old churches and
buildings, the same holes in the road, the same boats on the Pasig River, and the same heary walls
surrounding the city.
Happy Homecoming

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On August 8th, he returned to Calamba, His family welcomed him affectionately, with plentiful tears of
joy. Writing to Blumentritt of his homecoming, he said: “I had a pleasant voyage. I found my family
enjoying good health and our happiness was great in seeing each other again. They shed tears of joy
and I had to answer ten thousand questions at the same time”.
The rejoicings of Rizal’s return over, his family became worried for his safety. Paciano did not leave
him the first day of his arrival to protect him from any enemy assault. His own father would not let him go
out alone, lest something might happen to him.
In Calamba, Rizal established a medical clinic, his first patient was his mother, who was almost blind,
he treated her eyes, but could not perform any surgical operations because her eye cataracts were not
yet ripe. News of arrival of a great doctor from Germany spread far and wide. Patients from Manila and
the provinces flocked to Calamba. Rizal, who came to be called “Doctor Uliman” because he came from
Germany, treated their ailments and soon he acquired a lucrative medical practice. His Professional fees
were reasonable, even gratis to the poor. Within a few months, he was able to earn P900 as a physician.
By February, 1888, he earned a total of P5,000 as medical fees.
Unlike many successful medical practitioners, Rizal did not selfishly devoted all his time to enriching
himself. He opened a gymnasium for young folks, where he introduced European sports. He tried to
interest his townmates in gymnastics, fencing and shooting so as to discourage the cockfights and
gambling.
Rizal suffered one failure during his six months of sojourn in Calamba – his failure to see Leonor
Rivera. He tried to go to Dagupan, but his parents absolutely forbade him to go because Leonor’s mother
did not like him for a son-in-law. With a heavy heart, Rizal bowed to his parent’s wish. He was caught
within the iron grip of the custom of his time that marriages must be arranged by the parents of both
groom and bride.
Storm of the Noli
Meanwhile, as Rizal was peacefully living in Calamba, his enemies plotted his doom. Aside from
practicing medicine, attending to his gymnasium, which he established, and taking part in the town’s civic
affairs. He painted several beautiful landscapes and translated the German poems of Von Wildernath into
Tagalog.
A few weeks after his arrival, a storm broke over his novel. One day Rizal received a letter from
Governor General Emilio Terrero (1885-88) requesting him to come in Malacañan Palace. Somebody
had whispered to the governor’s ear that the Nolicontained subversive ideas.
Rizal went to Manila and appeared at Malacañang. When he was informed by Governor General
Terrero of the charge, he denied it, explaining that he merely exposed the truth, but he did not advocate
subversive ideas. Pleased by his explanation and curious about the controversial book, the governor
general asked the author for a copy then because the only copy he brought home was given to a friend.
However, he promised to secure one for the governor general.
Rizal Visited the Jesuit father to ask for the copy he sent them, but they would not part with it. The
Jesuits, especially his former professors – Fr. Francisco de Paula Sanchez, Fr. Jose Bech, and Fr.
Federico Faura, who ventured an opinion that “everything in it was the truth”, but added: “You may lose
your head for it”.
Fortunately, Rizal found a copy in the hands of a friend. He was able to get it and gave it to Governor
General Terrero. The governor general, who was a liberal-minded Spaniard, knew that Rizal’s life in
jeopardy because the friars were powerful. For security measure, he assigned a young Spanish
lieutenant, Don Jose Taviel de Andrade, as bodyguard of Rizal. This lieutenant belonged to a noble
family. He was cultured and knew painting, and could speak English, French, and Spanish.
Governor General Terrero rand the Noli and found nothing wrong with in. But Rizal’s enemies were
powerful. The Archbishop of Manila, Msgr. Pedro Payo (a Dominican) sent a copy of the Nolito Father
Rector Gregorio Echavarria of the University of Santo Tomas for examination by a committee of the
faculty. The committee, which was composed of Dominican professor’s, submitted its report to the Father
Rector, who immediately transmitted it to Archbishop Payo. The archbishop in turn, lost no time in
forwarding it to the governor general. This report of the faculty members of the University of Santo Tomas
stated that the Noli was “heretical, impious, and scandalous in the religion order, and anti-patriotic,
subversive of public order, injurious to the government of Spain and its function in the Philippine Islands
in the political order”.
Governor General Terrero was dissatisfied with the report of the Dominicans, for he knew that the
Dominicans were prejudiced against Rizal. He send the novel to the Permanent Commission of
Censorship which was composed of priest and laymen. The report of this commission was drafted by its
head, Fr. Salvador Font, Augustinian curaof Tondo, and submitted to the governor general on December
29. It found the novel to contain subversive ideas against the Church and Spain, and recommended “that
the importation, reproduction and circulation of this pernicious book in the islands be absolutely
prohibited”.

39
When the newspapers published Font’s written report of the censorship commission, Rizal and his
friends became apprehensive and uneasy. The enemies of Rizal exulted in unholy glee. The banning of
the Noli only served to make it popular. Everybody wanted to read it. News about the great book spread
among the masses. What the hated Spanish masters did not like, the oppressed masses liked very
much. Despite the government prohibition and the vigilance of the cruel Guardia Civil many Filipinos
were able to get hold of copies of the Noli which they read at night behind closed doors.
Thanks to Governor General Terrero, there were no mass imprisonment or mass execution of
Filipinos. He refused to be intimidated by the friars who clamored for harsh measures against people who
caught reading the novel and its author.
Attackers of the Noli
The battle over the Noli took the form of a virulent war of words. Father Font printed his report and
distributed copies for it in order to discredit the controversial novel. Another Augustinian, Fr. Jose
Rodriguez, Prior of Guadalupe, published a series of eight pamphlets under the general heading
Cuestiones de Sumo Interes (Questions of Supreme Interes) to blast the Noli and other anti-Spanish
writings. These eight pamphlets wer entitled as follows:
1. Porque no los he de leer? (Why Should I not Read Them?).
2. Guardaos de ellos. Porque?(Beware of Them. Why?).
3. Y_que me dice usted de la peste? (And What Can You Tell Me of Plague?).
4. Porquetriufan los impios? (Why Do the Impious Truimph?).
5. Cree ustedque de versa no hay purgatorio? (Do You Think There Is Really No
Purgatory?).
6. Hay o no hay infierno? (Is There o Is There No Hell?).
7. Que le pareceausted de esoslibelos? (What Do You Think of These Libels?).
8. Confession o condenacion? (Confession or Damnation?).
Copies of these anti-Rizal pamphlets written by Fray Rodriguez were sold daily in the churches after
Mass. Many Filipinos were forced to buy them in order not to displease the friars, but they did not believe
what their author said with hysterical fervor.
Repercussions of the storm over the Noli reached Spain. It was fiercely attacked on the session hall
of the Senate of the Spanish Cortes by various senators, particularly General Jose deSalamanca on April
1, 1888, General Luis M. de Pando on April 12, and Sr. Fernando Vida on June 11. The Spanish
academician of Madrid, Vicente Barrantes, who formerly occupied high government positions in the
Philippines, bitterly criticized the Noli in the article published in La EsapañaModerna (a newspaper of
Madrid) in January, 1890.
Defenders of the Noli
The much-maligned Nolihad its gallant defenders who fearlessly came out to prove the merits of the
novel or to refute the arguments of the unkind attackers. Marcelo H. delPilar, Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor,
Graciano Lopez Jaena, Mariano Ponce, and other Filipino reformist in foreign lands, of course, rushed to
uphold the truths of the Noli. Father Sanchez, Rizal’s favorite teacher at the Ateneo, defended and
praised it in public. Don SegismundoMoret, former Minister of the Crown; Dr. Miguel Morayta, historian
and statesman; and Professor Blumentritt, scholar and educator, read and liked the novel.
A brilliant defense of the Noli came from an unexpected source. It was by Rev. Vicente Garcia, a
Filipino Catholic priest-scholar, theologian of the Manila Cathedral, and a Tagalog translator of the
famous Imitation of Christ by Thomas a Kempis. Father Garcia, writing under the penname Justo
DesiderioMagalang, wrote a defense of the Noli which was published in Singapore as an appendix to a
pamphlet dated July 18, 1888. He blasted the arguments of Fr. Rodriguez as follows:
1. Rizal cannot be an “ignorant man”, as Fr. Rodriguez alleged, because he was a graduated of
Spanish universities and was a recipient of scholastic honors.
2. Rizal does not attack the Church and Spain, as Fr. Rodriguez claimed, because what Rizal
attacked in the Noliwere the bad Spanish officials and not Spain, and the bad and corrupt
friars and not the Church.
3. Father Rodriguez said that those who read the Noli commit a mortal sin; since he
(Rodriguez) had read the novel, therefore he also commits a mortal sin.
Later, when Rizal learned of the brilliant defense of Father Garcia of his novel, he cried because his
gratitude was over-whelming. Rizal, himself defended his novel against Barrantes attack, in a letter

40
written in Brussels, Belgium, in February, 1880. In this letter, he exposed Barrantes’ ignorance of
Philippine affairs and mental dishonesty which is unworthy of an academician. Barrantes met in Rizal his
master in satire and polemics.
During the days when the Noli was the target of a heated controversy between the friars (and their
minions) and the friends of Rizal, all copies of it were sold out and the price per copy soared to
unprecedented level. Both friends and enemies of the Noli found it extremely difficult to secure a copy.
According to Rizal, in a letter to Fernando Canon from Geneva, June 13, 1887, the price he set per copy
was five pesetas (equivalent to one pese), but the price later rose to fifty pesos per copy.
Rizal and Taviel de Andrade
While the storm over the Noli was raging in fury, Rizal was not molested in Calamba. This is due to
Governor General Terrero’s generosity in assigning a bodyguard to him. Between this Spanish
bodyguard, Lt. Jose Taviel de Andrade, and Rizal, a beautiful friendship bloomed.
Together, Rizal and Andrade, young, educated and cultured, made walking tours of the verdant
countrysides, discussed topics of common interest, and enjoyed fencing, shooting, hunting, and painting.
Lt. Andrade became a great admirer of the man he was ordered to watch and protect. Years later, he
wrote for Rizal: “Rizal was refined, educated and gentlemanly. The hobbies that most interested him
were hunting, fencing, shooting, painting and hiking. . . I well remember our excursion to Mount Makiling,
not so much for the beautiful view . . . as for the rumors and pernicious effects that result from it. There
has one who believed and reported to Manila that Rizal and I at the top of the mountain hoisted the
German flag and proclaimed its sovereignty over the Philippines. I imagined that such nonsense
emanated from the friars of Calamba, but did not take the trouble to make inquiries about the matter”.
What marred Rizal’s happy days in Calamba with Lt. Andrade were (1) the death of his older sister,
Olimpia, and (2) the groundless tales circulated by his enemies that he was “a German spy, an agent of
Bismarck, a Protestant, a Mason, a witch, a soul beyong salvation, etc”
Calamba’s Agrarian Trouble
Governor General Terrero, influenced by certain facts in Noli Me Tangere, ordered a government
investigation of the friar estates to remedy whatever iniquities might have been present in connection with
land taxes and with tenant relations. One of the friars estates affected was the Calamba Hacienda which
the Dominican Order owned since 1883. In compliance with the governor general’s orders, dated
December 30, 1887, the Civil Governor of Laguna Province directed the municipal authorities of Calamba
to investigate the agrarian conditions of their locality.
Upon hearing of the investigation, the Calamba folks solicited Rizal’s help in gathering the facts and
listing their grievances against the hacienda management, so that the central government might institute
certain agrarian reforms.
After a thorough study of the conditions of Calamba, Rizal wrote down his findings which tenants and
three of the officials of the hacienda signed on January 8, 1888. These findings, which were formally
submitted to the government for action, were the following:
1. The hacienda of the Dominican Order comprised not only the lands around Calamba, but
also the town of Calamba.
2. The profits of the Dominican Order continually increased because of the arbitrary increase
of the rentals paid by the tenants.
3. The hacienda owner never contributed a single centavo for the celebration of the town
fiesta, for the education of the children, and for the improvement of agriculture.
4. Tenants who had spent much labor in clearing the lands were dispossessed of said
lands for flimsy reason.
5. High rates of interest were charged the tenants for delayed payment of rentals, and
when the rentals could not be paid, the hacienda management confiscated their carabaos, tools
and homes.
Farewell to Calamba
Rizal’s exposure of the deplorable conditions of tenancy in Calamba infuriated further his enemies.
The friars exerted pressure on Malacañan Palace to eliminate him. They asked Governor General
Terrero to deport him, but the latter refused because there was no valid charge against Rizal in court.
Anonymous threats against Rizal’s life were received by his parents. The alarmed parents, relatives and
friends (including Lt. Taviel de Andrade) advised him to go away, for his life was in danger.

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One day Governor General Terrero summoned Rizal and “advise” him to leave the Philippines for his
own good. He was giving Rizal a chance to escape the fury of the friar’s wrath.
This time Rizal had to go. He could not very well disobey the governor general’s veiled orders. But he
was not running like a coward from a fight. He was courageous, a fact which his worst enemies could not
deny. A valiant hero that he was, he was not afraid of any man and neither was he afraid to die. He was
compelled to leave Calamba for two reason: (1) his presence in Calamba was jeopardizing the safety and
happiness of his family and friends and (2) he could not fight better his enemies and serve his country’s
cause with greater efficacy by writing in foreign countries.
A Poem for Lipa
Shortly before Rizal left Calamba in 1888 his friend from Lipa requested him to write a poem in
commemoration of the town’s elevation to a villa (city) by virtue of the Becerra Law of 1888. Gladly, he
wrote a poem dedicated to the industrious folks of Lipa. This was the “Himno Al Trabajo” (Hymn to
Labor). He finished it and sent it to Lipa before his departure from Calamba.
In Hong Kong and Macao, 1888
Hounded by powerful enemies, Rizal was forced to leave his country for a second time in February 1888.
He was then a full-grown man of 27 years of age, a practicing physician, and a recognized man-of-letters
The Trip to Hong Kong
 February 3, 1888-Rizal left Manila for Hong Kong on board the Zafiro
 February 7, 1888- Zafiro made a brief stopover at Amoy
 Rizal did not get off his ship at Amoy for three reasons: (1) he was not feeling well (2) it was raining
hard (3) he heard that the city was dirty
 February 8, 1888- Rizal arrived in Hong Kong
 Victoria Hotel- Rizal stayed while in Hong Kong. He was welcomed by Filipino residents, including
Jose Maria Basa, Balbino Mauricio, and Manuel Yriarte (son of Francisco Yriarte (son of Francisco
Yriarte, alcalde mayor of Laguna)
 Jose Sainz de Varanda - a Spaniard, who was a former secretary of Governor General Terrero,
shadowed Rizal’s movement in Hong Kong it is believed that he was commissioned by the Spanish
authorities to spy on Rizal
“Hong Kong”, wrote Rizal to Blumentritt on February 16, 1888, “is a small, but very clean city.”
Visit to Macao
 Macao is a Portuguese colony near Hong Kong.

 According to Rizal, the city of Macao is small, low, and gloomy. There are many junks, sampans, but
few steamers. It looks sad and is almost dead.
 February 18, 1888- Rizal, accompanied by Basa, boarded the ferry steamer, Kiu-Kiang for Macao
 Don Juan Francisco Lecaros- A filipino gentleman married to a Portuguese lady.
 Rizal and Basa stayed at his home while in Macao.
 February 18, 1888- Rizal witnessed a Catholic possession, in which the devotees were dressed in
blue and purple dresses and were carrying unlighted candles.
 February 20, 1888- Rizal and Basa returned to Hong Kong, again on board the ferry steamer Kiu
Kiang.
Departure from Hong Kong
 February 22, 1888- Rizal left Hong Kong on board the Oceanic, an American steamer, his destination
was Japan.
 Rizal’s cabin mate was a British Protestant missionary who called Rizal “a good man”.
Romantic Interlude in Japan (1888)
 One of the happiest interludes in the life of Rizal was his sojourn in the Land of the Cherry Blossoms
for one month and a half (February 28-April 13, 1888).
 February 28, 1888- early in the morning of Tuesday, Rizal arrived in Yokohama. He registered at the
Grand Hotel.
 Tokyo Hotel- Rizal stayed here from March 2 to March 7.
 Rizal wrote to Professor Blumentritt: “Tokyo is more expensive then Paris. The walls are built in
cyclopean manner. The streets are large and wide.”
 Juan Perez Caballero-secretary of the Spanish Legation, who visited Rizal at his hotel who latter
invited him to live at the Spanish Legation.

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 Rizal accepted the invitation for two reasons: (1) he could economize his living expenses by staying
at the legation (2) he had nothing to hide from the prying eyes of the Spanish authorities.
 March 7, 1888- Rizal checked out of Tokyo Hotel and lived at the Spanish Legation.
 Rizal was favorably impressed by Japan. The things which favorably impressed Rizal in Japan were:
(1) the beauty of the country—its flowers, mountains, streams and scenic panoramas, (2) the
cleanliness, politeness, and industry of the Japanese people (3)the picturesque dress and simple
charm of the Japanese women (4) there were very few thieves in Japan so that the houses remained
open day and night, and in hotel room one could safely leave money on the table (5) beggars were
rarely seen in the city, streets, unlike in Manila and other cities.
 Rickshaws-popular mode of transportation drawn by men that Rizal did not like in Japan.
 April 13, 1888-Rizal left Japan and boarded the Belgic, an English steamer, at Yokohama, bound for
the United States.
 Tetcho Suehiro- a fighting Japanese journalist, novelist and champion of human rights, who was
forced by the Japanese government to leave the country; passenger which Rizal befriended on board
the Belgic.
 April 13 to December 1, 1888- eight months of intimate acquaintanceship of Rizal and Tetcho.
 December 1, 1888- after a last warm handshake and bidding each other “goodbye”, Rizal and
Tetcho, parted ways—never to meet again
Rizal’s Visit to the United States (1888)
 April 28, 1888- the steamer Belgic, with Rizal on board, docked at San Francisco on Saturday
morning.
 May 4, 1888- Friday afternoon, the day Rizal was permitted to go ashore.
 Palace Hotel- Rizal registered here which was then considered a first-class hotel in the city.
 Rizal stayed in San Francisco for two days—May 4 to 6, 1888.
 May 6, 1888-Sunday, 4:30PM, Rizal left San Francisco for Oakland.
 May 13, 1888-Sunday morning, Rizal reached New York, thus ending his trip across the American
continent.
 Rizal stayed three days in this city, which he called the “big town.”
 May 16, 1888- Rizal left New York for Liverpool on board the City of Rome. According to Rizal, this
steamer was “the second largest ship in the world, the largest being the Great Eastern”.
 Rizal had good and bad impressions of the United States. The good impressions were (1) the
material progress of the country as shown in the great cities, huge farms, flourishing industries and
busy factories (2) the drive and energy of the American people (3) the natural beauty of the land (4)
the high standard of living (5) the opportunities for better life offered to poor immigrants.
 One bad impression Rizal had of America was the lack of racial equality: “America is the land par
excellence of freedom but only for the whites”
Noli Me Tangere Summary
Noli Me Tangere takes place in the Philippines during the time of Spanish colonization. In the opening
scene, a wealthy and influential Filipino man named Captain Tiago hosts a dinner party to
welcome Juan Crisóstomo Ibarra y Magsalin back to the Philippines. Ibarra has spent the last seven
years studying in Europe. In talking to the various guests at Captain Tiago’s dinner party, he discovers
that his father, Don Rafael, recently died, though he doesn’t know why or how. During the dinner, Father
Dámaso, a loud-mouthed friar Ibarra has known since childhood, stands up and insults Ibarra,
disparaging him for having traveled to Europe to pursue an education he could have obtained in the
Philippines. In response, Ibarra swallows his pride and refrains from directing insults at the half-drunk
friar. Instead, he leaves the dinner early, ignoring Captain Tiago’s plea that he stay a little longer in order
to see his fiancée (and Captain Tiago’s daughter), María Clara.
On his way home, Ibarra walks with Señor Guevara, a lieutenant of the Civil Guard, Spain’s colonial
armed forces that police the Philippines. The lieutenant explains that a few months after Ibarra left,
Father Dámaso accused Don Rafael of not going to confession. Don Rafael was a very powerful man,

43
which meant he had many enemies in both the Spanish government and in the church. The lieutenant
tells Ibarra that one day Don Rafael came upon a government tax collector beating a boy in the street.
When Rafael interfered, he accidentally pushed the man too hard, causing the tax collector to hit his
head on a rock. This injury eventually led to the man’s death, and Ibarra’s father was thrown in jail and
accused of subversion and heresy. At this point, Father Dámaso heaped new accusations on him and
everybody abandoned him. By the time he was finally proven innocent, Guevara explains, Don Rafael
had already died in prison.
Ibarra goes to his hometown, San Diego, where the unfortunate events of his father’s death took place.
Since Captain Tiago owns multiple properties there, María Clara also relocates to San Diego. November
is approaching, a time the town celebrates with a large festival. This festival is surrounded by various
religious holidays, such as All Souls’ Day, which commemorates dead people in purgatory waiting for
their souls to be cleansed before ascending to heaven. Taking advantage of this, San Diego’s priests
implore the villagers to purchase indulgences, which they claim shorten the length of time a soul must
languish in purgatory. Ibarra quickly sees that the power of the Catholic friars in the Philippines has
greatly increased since he left for Europe, a fact made clear by their control over even governmental
officials. For instance, Father Salví, San Diego’s new priest, is constantly at odds with the military ensign
in charge of the village’s faction of the Civil Guard. Salví uses his important religious position to spite the
ensign, fining the man for missing church services and delivering purposefully boring sermons when
he does attend.
The friars interfere with other elements of everyday life in San Diego too, which Ibarra learns after
speaking with the schoolmaster. The schoolmaster tells him that Father Dámaso actively meddles with
his educational techniques by demanding that he teach only in the country’s native language, Tagalog,
instead of instructing the children to speak Spanish. Dámaso also insists that the schoolmaster beat the
children, creating a hostile environment that doesn’t lend itself to productive learning. Hearing this, Ibarra
decides to build a secular school in San Diego, a project his father dreamed about before his death. On
the advice of the town’s old philosopher, Tasio, Ibarra presents his ideas to the town’s religious and civic
leaders, making it seem as if he wants them to be involved with the school, even though he plans to
ignore their influence after it is built.
Meanwhile, two poor boys named Crispín and Basilio study to be sextons, or people who take care of
the church. They do so in order to financially help their mother, Sisa, but Crispín is unfairly accused of
theft and thus must work constantly with his brother to pay off the absurd amounts the chief sexton
claims that Crispín owes the church. When he protests this injustice one night, Crispín is hauled away
and severely beaten. Scared for his brother’s life, Basilio searches him out before running home during a
storm and waiting in vain with his mother for Crispín to appear. This never materializes, and the next day
Basilio goes back into town. Frightened, Sisa looks for both her boys and is told that the Civil Guard has
been ordered to arrest them for theft, though nobody can find them. She herself is arrested and then

44
released, at which point she searches throughout the night for her boys, working herself into permanent
insanity and destitution as she wanders the town and the surrounding woods.
Visiting the Catholic cemetery, Ibarra speaks to a gravedigger and learns that, upon Father Dámaso’s
orders, he dug up Don Rafael’s body. Although the friar had instructed the gravedigger to take Rafael’s
body to the Chinese cemetery—a less respected cemetery—the gravedigger threw Don Rafael into the
lake, thinking it a more honorable resting place.
Ibarra and the town’s influential religious and government leaders decide to celebrate the new school on
the same day as the town’s fiesta. The church makes plans to bless the new educational building (though
it is not yet completed) directly after a long sermon by Father Dámaso. During this sermon, a mysterious
figure approaches Ibarra. His name is Elías, a man whose life Ibarra recently saved on an eventful
fishing trip. Elías tells Ibarra that there is a plan to kill him during the school’s benediction ceremony,
warning him not to walk beneath a certain large stone suspended by a pulley system. Ibarra ignores this
advice, and sure enough, the stone hurdles toward him. Luckily Elías takes action and covertly puts the
criminal—the man plotting against Ibarra—in the way of the stone, killing him instead of Ibarra. The
festivities go on, but Ibarra now knows he has enemies.
That night, during a celebratory dinner hosted by Ibarra, Father Dámaso arrives uninvited. All of San
Diego’s most respected individuals are in attendance, including the governor and the town’s other friars.
Dámaso loudly insults the school and its architecture while also making callous remarks about “indios,” a
racial slur for native Filipinos. He flippantly speaks about how “indios” abandon their country because
they think they’re superior, traveling to Europe instead. “In this life the fathers of such vipers are
punished,” he says. “They die in jail, eh, eh, or rather, they have no place…” When Ibarra hears Dámaso
make this crude reference to his father’s unfair death, he jumps up and pins the priest down, holding a
knife in his free hand and publicly accusing Dámaso of exhuming his father’s body. Ibarra says he won’t
kill Dámaso, but his actions say otherwise, and as he lifts the knife to bury it in the friar’s body, María
Clara snatches it from his hand.
In the aftermath of this scandalous event, Ibarra is excommunicated from the church. Captain Tiago
proves himself a spineless socialite by calling off the wedding between Ibarra and María Clara, instead
betrothing his daughter to Linares, a young man from Spain. Linares is the nephew of Don Tiburcio de
Espadaña, a fraudulent doctor who treats María Clara for a sudden illness that incapacitates her for
several days after the incident between Ibarra and Father Dámaso. Meanwhile, the Captain General—
the topmost government official representing Spain—visits San Diego. The friars implore him to punish
Ibarra, but because his priorities are more civic than religious and because he supports Ibarra’s mission
to build a school, he pulls strings to have the young man’s excommunication lifted.
While Ibarra continues his project, Father Salví makes arrangements with a man named Lucas, the
brother of the man hired to kill Ibarra with the large stone. Because his brother died, Lucas wants

45
revenge on Ibarra. Father Salví—who secretly loves María Clara and who believes Ibarra is a heretic—
hatches a plot with Lucas to frame Ibarra. With Lucas’s help, he organizes a band of rebels to attack the
Civil Guard’s military barracks, telling them that Ibarra is the ringleader. Hours before the attack takes
place, Father Salví rushes to the ensign and warns him of the plan, making sure to request that the
ensign let it be known that he—Salví—was the one to save the town by discovering the plot and issuing a
warning.
The attack goes according to Salví and Lucas’s plan, and Ibarra is arrested. He is imprisoned and found
guilty, a verdict based on an ambiguous line in a letter he sent to María Clara. Once again Elías comes to
the rescue, breaking him out of prison and taking him away in a boat. Before they leave town, Ibarra
stops at María Clara’s house, climbs onto her patio, and says goodbye to her. She explains that she only
parted with his letter—which led to his guilty sentencing—because she was blackmailed. Apparently, a
man came to her and told her that her real father is Fray Dámaso, not Captain Tiago. The man
threatened to spread this information if she didn’t give him Ibarra’s letter. Feeling that she must protect
Captain Tiago’s honor and the memory of her deceased mother, she handed over Ibarra’s letter.
Nonetheless, she tells Ibarra that she will always love him and that she is deeply sorry for having
betrayed him.
After saying goodbye to María Clara, Ibarra gets into Elías’s boat. As the two men row into the night, they
continue a heated discussion they’ve already begun about the nature of revolution and reform, debating
the merits of working within a corrupt system to change it rather than overthrowing the system
completely. As they talk, they realize they’re being chased by another boat. Elías tries to out-row their
pursuers, but quickly realizes they’ll eventually catch up. As bullets whip by, he tells Ibarra to row,
deciding to jump off the boat to confuse the people behind them. Before diving, he tells Ibarra to meet
him on Christmas Eve in the woods near San Diego, where Ibarra’s grandfather is buried with the family’s
riches. When Elías plunges into the water, the boat follows him instead of Ibarra. Elías throws them off by
diving deep into the water, only surfacing periodically. Soon, though, the people chasing him don’t see
him come back up. They even think they see a bit of blood in the water.
Back in San Diego, Father Dámaso visits María Clara, who tells him she can’t marry Linares because
she doesn’t love him. She references a newspaper, which falsely reported that Ibarra was found dead on
the banks of the lake. She tells the friar that this news has given her no reason to live and, as such, she
can’t go through with the wedding, instead deciding to enter a convent.
On Christmas Eve, the young Basilio wanders forth from a cabin in the woods, where he’s been living
with a kind family ever since the Civil Guard started looking for him. He goes into San Diego in search of
Sisa, his mother. When he finds her, she doesn’t recognize him and runs away, leading him back to the
woods, where she goes to the old tomb that contains Ibarra’s grandfather. Once he finally catches up to
his mother, though, Basilio faints. Seeing finally that he is her son, Sisa covers him with kisses. When

46
Basilio wakes up, he finds that she has died by his side. At that moment, Elías appears. He is wounded,
and seeing that Ibarra has not arrived, he tells Basilio he is about to die, instructing the boy to burn his
and Sisa’s bodies on a pyre. Looking up at the sky, he utters his final words: “I die without seeing dawn’s
light shining on my country…You, who will see it, welcome it for me…don’t forget those who fell during
the nighttime.” The book ends without mention of Ibarra’s fate.
REFERENCES:
Inc., Manila
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City
https://www.litcharts.com/lit/noli-me-tangere/summary
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

47
Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________

MODULE
Subject: 6:
_____________________________________
EL FILIBUSTERISMO
______5______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
A Clothesline Timeline in Noli Me Tangere
In this lesson, you have read the summary of Rizal’s Noli Me Tangere. Construct a timeline that
shows the main events and when the events happened in sequential order.
Procedure:
1. Create a clothesline timeline about the important events in the novel.
2. Research about timelines and how to construct one.
3. Read the summary of the novel. As you read, write down the important events and the order that they
happened. Write down also the dates or days that the events took place if the dates or days are
mentioned.
4. After reading the summary, you are ready to write out the timelines. Use scratch paper at first before
you make the final copy. When you are satisfied with your timeline, you can copy it on the index cards
with your pencil and then trace over the lines with colored markers.
Rubrics:
Needs
Category Excellent Good Satisfactory Improvement
Content/Facts Facts were Facts were Facts were Facts were often
accurate for all accurate for accurate for most inaccurate for the
events reported almost all events (75%) of the events that were
on the timeline. reported on the events reported reported on the
timeline. on the timeline. timeline.
Dates An accurate, An accurate, An accurate date Dates are
complete date complete date has been included inaccurate and/or
has been included has been included for almost every missing for
for each event. for almost every event. several events.
event.
Learning of The student can The student can The student can The student
Content accurately accurately describe any cannot use the
describe 75% (or describe 50% of event on the timeline effectively
more) of the the events on the timeline if allowed to describe events
events on the timeline without to refer to it and nor to compare
timeline without referring to it and can determine events.
referring to it and can quickly which of two
can quickly determine which events occurred
determine which of two events first.
of two events occurred first.
occurred first.

48
Learning Outcomes:
1. Compare and contrast the plot, character and theme of El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere
2. Value the role of youth in the development of future society
TIME FRAME: 1 week
CONTENT:
The second novel of Jose Rizal was full of revenge and anger. This novel encouraged the people
who experienced abuse to revenge and seek for justice using violent means. This novel was written in
the memory of GOMBURZA, the three priests who experienced injustice and executed in 1872. If Noli Me
Tangere described the society during the Spanish colonization in the Philippines, El Filibusterismo
encouraged the people to rise and unite to assert reform even with violent means.
NOLI ME TANGERE EL FILIBUSTERISMO
 Published in Berlin, Germany  The Subversive
 March 21, 1887  Published in Ghent, Belgium
 Published through the help of Maximo Viola  September 18, 1891
 Influenced by the novel entitled “Uncle Tom’s  Saved by Valentin Ventura

Cabin”
 Dedicated to the GOMBURZA
 A novel exposing the real situation in the
Philippines  Sequel to the Noli
 Touch Me Not  Darker and more tragic than its predecessor
 Huwag mo akong Salingin  Shorter than Noli (Noli- 64 chapters; Fili-38

chapters)
 Came from the Bible
 A political novel
 Sometimes used to describe an eye cancer
 A story of revenge and revolution
 Refers to the existing SOCIAL CANCER
(apathy and ignorance)  Metaphor of Philippine Society (Bapor Tabo
and Pasig River)
 Culture of the Philippines
 Simoun’s plot of revenge and revolution
 An idealist introducing reforms
 Failure of the Revolution planned by Simoun
 A tragic love story
 Colonial discrimination
 Church power
Characters of the Novel
1. Simoun- the continuation of the character of Crisostomo from being idealistic, the cruel society made
him pessimistic. Using his wealth, he encouraged the people who experienced abuse to join him in his
rebellion against the church and the society.
2. Basilio- he was the son of Sisa and was adopted by Kapitan Tiago. A medicine student and the
boyfriend of Juli.
3. Isagani- he was the nephew of a good priest named Padre Florentino. He was idealistic and a student
leader. He was the friend of Basilio and the boyfriend of Maria Paulita Gomez.
4. G. Pasta- he was a former idealistic Filipino but because of the corruption in the government he
became self-centered.

49
5. Juli- she was the less fortunate daughter of Cabesang Tales and the girlfriend of Basilio. When her
father was abducted by the rebels, she offered her service to Hermana Penchang to get the money for
the ransom. And when Basilio was imprisoned, she offered her body to a priest for the release of Basilio.
Because of the different misfortunes that she experienced, she committed suicide.
6. Cabesang Tales- a farmer who rented a piece of land from the corporation of the friars. When the friars
wanted to increase the tax for the land he refused and then he was abducted and later joined the plan of
Simoun. But instead of attaining justice, he faced his death.
7. Placido Pinetente- he was a student from the province. A scholar and a victim of a self-centered
professor. He walked out from school and joined the plan of Simoun.
8. Don Custodio- a Spaniard who was placed in the high position in the government even if he was not
educated and did not have enough skills.
9. Maria Paulita Gomez- she was the girlfriend of Isagani but in the end she married another man just to
follow the request of her aunt, Dona Victorina.
10. Padre Florentino- the relative of Isagani and a good Filipino priest.
SUMMARY OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
Thirteen years after leaving the Philippines, Crisostomo Ibarra returns as Simoun, a rich jeweler sporting a
beard and blue-tinted glasses, and a confidant of the Captain-General. Abandoning his idealism, he
becomes a cynical saboteur, seeking revenge against the Spanish Philippine system responsible for his
misfortunes by plotting a revolution. Simoun insinuates himself into Manila high society and influences
every decision of the Captain-General to mismanage the country’s affairs so that a revolution will break
out. He cynically sides with the upper classes, encouraging them to commit abuses against the masses to
encourage the latter to revolt against the oppressive Spanish colonial regime. This time, he does not
attempt to fight the authorities through legal means, but through violent revolution using the masses.
Simoun has reasons for instigating a revolution. First is to rescue María Clara from the convent and
second, to get rid of ills and evils of Philippine society. His true identity is discovered by a now grown-up
Basilio while visiting the grave of his mother, Sisa, as Simoun was digging near the grave site for his
buried treasures. Simoun spares Basilio’s life and asks him to join in his planned revolution against the
government, egging him on by bringing up the tragic misfortunes of the latter's family. Basilio declines the
offer as he still hopes that the country’s condition will improve. Basilio, at this point, is a graduating student
of medicine at the Ateneo Municipal de Manila. After the death of his mother, Sisa, and the disappearance
of his younger brother, Crispín, Basilio heeded the advice of the dying boatman, Elías, and traveled to
Manila to study. Basilio was adopted by Captain Tiago after María Clara entered the convent. With Captain
Tiago’s help, Basilio was able to go to Colegio de San Juan de Letrán where, at first, he is frowned upon
by his peers and teachers not only because of the color of his skin but also because of his shabby
appearance. Captain Tiago’s confessor, Father Irene is making Captain Tiago’s health worse by giving him
opium even as Basilio tries hard to prevent Captain Tiago from smoking it. He and other students want to
establish a Spanish language academy so that they can learn to speak and write Spanish despite the
opposition from the Dominican friars of the Universidad de Santo Tomás. With the help of a reluctant
Father Irene as their mediator and Don Custodio’s decision, the academy is established; however they will
only serve as caretakers of the school not as the teachers. Dejected and defeated, they hold a mock
celebration at a pancitería while a spy for the friars witnesses the proceedings. Simoun, for his part, keeps
in close contact with the bandit group of Kabesang Tales, a former cabeza de barangay who suffered
misfortunes at the hands of the friars. Once a farmer owning a prosperous sugarcane plantation and a
cabeza de barangay (barangay head), he was forced to give everything to the greedy and unscrupulous
Spanish friars. His son, Tano, who became a civil guard was captured by bandits; his daughter Hulî had to
work as a maid to get enough ransom money for his freedom; and his father, Tandang Selo, suffered a
stroke and became mute. Before joining the bandits, Tales took Simoun’s revolver while Simoun was
staying at his house for the night. As payment, Tales leaves a locket that once belonged to María Clara.
To further strengthen the revolution, Simoun has Quiroga, a Chinese man hoping to be appointed consul
to the Philippines, smuggle weapons into the country using Quiroga’s bazaar as a front. Simoun wishes to
attack during a stage play with all of his enemies in attendance. He, however, abruptly aborts the attack
when he learns from Basilio that María Clara had died earlier that day in the convent. A few days after the
mock celebration by the students, the people are agitated when disturbing posters are found displayed
around the city. The authorities accuse the students present at the pancitería of agitation and disturbing
peace and has them arrested. Basilio, although not present at the mock celebration, is also arrested.
Captain Tiago dies after learning of the incident and as stated in his will—forged by Irene, all his
possessions are given to the Church, leaving nothing for Basilio. Basilio is left in prison as the other
students are released. A high official tries to intervene for the release of Basilio but the Captain-General,
bearing grudges against the high official, coerces him to tender his resignation. Julî, Basilio’s girlfriend and
the daughter of Kabesang Tales, tries to ask Father Camorra’s help upon the advice of an elder woman.
Instead of helping Julî, however, the priest tries to rape her as he has long-hidden desires for Julî. Julî,
rather than submit to the will of the friar, jumps over the balcony to her death. Basilio is soon released with
the help of Simoun. Basilio, now a changed man, and after hearing about Julî's suicide, finally joins

50
Simoun’s revolution. Simoun then tells Basilio his plan at the wedding of Paulita Gómez and Juanito,
Basilio’s hunch-backed classmate. His plan was to conceal an explosive inside a pomegranate-styled
Kerosene lamp that Simoun will give to the newlyweds as a gift during the wedding reception. The
reception will take place at the former home of the late Captain Tiago, which was now filled with explosives
planted by Simoun. According to Simoun, the lamp will stay lighted for only 20 minutes before it flickers; if
someone attempts to turn the wick, it will explode and kill everyone—important members of civil society
and the Church hierarchy—inside the house. Basilio has a change of heart and attempts to warn Isagani,
his friend and the former boyfriend of Paulita. Simoun leaves the reception early as planned and leaves a
note behind: “ Mene Thecel Phares. ” —Juan Crisostomo Ibarra Initially thinking that it was simply a bad
joke, Father Salví recognizes the handwriting and confirms that it was indeed Ibarra’s. As people begin to
panic, the lamp flickers. Father Irene tries to turn the wick up when Isagani, due to his undying love for
Paulita, bursts in the room and throws the lamp into the river, sabotaging Simoun's plans. He escapes by
diving into the river as guards chase after him. He later regrets his impulsive action because he had
contradicted his own belief that he loved his nation more than Paulita and that the explosion and revolution
could have fulfilled his ideals for Filipino society. Simoun, now unmasked as the perpetrator of the
attempted arson and failed revolution, becomes a fugitive. Wounded and exhausted after he was shot by
the pursuing Guardia Civil, he seeks shelter at the home of Father Florentino, Isagani’s uncle, and comes
under the care of doctor Tiburcio de Espadaña, Doña Victorina's husband, who was also hiding at the
house. Simoun takes poison in order for him not to be captured alive. Before he dies, he reveals his real
identity to Florentino while they exchange thoughts about the failure of his revolution and why God forsook
him. Florentino opines that God did not forsake him and that his plans were not for the greater good but for
personal gain. Simoun, finally accepting Florentino’s explanation, squeezes his hand and dies. Florentino
then takes Simoun’s remaining jewels and throws them into the Pacific Ocean with the corals hoping that
they would not be used by the greedy, and that when the time came that it would be used for the greater
good, when the nation would be finally deserving liberty for themselves, the sea would reveal the
treasures.
Source: https://www.tagaloglang.com/el-filibusterismo-english-summary/
REFERENCES:
Inc., Manila
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City

51
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
______6______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
A. Compare and contrast the plot, character and theme of El Filibusterismo and Noli Me Tangere using a
graphic organizer.
B. Write a reflection paper discussing the role of youth in society. (5 points)

52
MODULE 7:
RIZAL’S LIFE: EXILE AND EXECUTION
Learning Outcomes:
1. Analyze the factors which led to Rizal’s execution
2. Analyze the effects of Rizal’s execution on Philippine Revolution
TIME FRAME: 1 week
CONTENT:
On July 17, 1892, together with his guard Captain Ricardo Carnicero, Rizal arrived in Dapitan.
He was not allowed to stay in the Jesuit house unless he retracts all the things that he wrote against the
church. Rizal did not want to retract his writings so he chose to live in the house of Capitan Ricardo
Carnicero.
Capitan Ricardo, Rizal and the other guard decided to bet on a lottery and luckily they won. Rizal
used his share of money to purchase a land which was one kilometer away from Dapitan, the place of
Talisay. His guards allowed him to put up a house in Talisay on the condition that he would report to
Capitan Ricardo three times a day. And because he earned the trust of Capitan Ricardo, he was able to
live in Talisay.
Life in Talisay
Instead of being bored, Rizal spent his time doing things that would make Dapitan productive.
 Opened an eye clinic for the poor
 Developed waterways so that the people could have a clean water
 Developed a system for the lighting and cleaning of the areas to avoid mosquitoes
 Established a school that catered to education of the young people for free
 Taught the more advance system of farming
 Initiated the founding of a cooperative for fishermen in Talisay
 Developed studies about the different species that could be found in Dapitan
 Invented “sulpukan” lighter and the machinery in making bricks
 Initiated the foundation of the cooperative for farmers
 Worked for the development of the sugar, abaca and lumber trading
Literary Works in Dapitan

 Hymn to Talisay
 My Retreat
Imprisonment and Trial in Fort Santiago

Rizal’s deportation to Dapitan only lasted four years (1892-1896). He asked Governor General
Blanco if he could serve as a doctor under the Spanish flag in Cuba. The governor general granted his
request but because of the influential people who wanted to execute him, Governor General Blanco was
pressured to follow the order.
 July 31, 1896- his exile to Dapitan ended

 August 6, 1896- he rode the ship Castilla and waited for the start of his trip going to Spain and then
from Spain to Cuba
 August 19, 1896- the secret society of Katipunan was revealed to the Spanish government and they
accused Rizal as the founder of the Katipunan
 August 26, 1896- the uprising against the Spaniards started
 August 30, 1896- Governor General Blanco declared the state of war against the eight provinces in
the Philippines
 September 2, 1896- Rizal’s trip going to Spain started and he was not aware that he was being
accused as the leader of the said uprising
 September 28, 1896- Rizal was able to know the plan of Blanco against him
 October 3, 1896- Rizal reached Barcelona but he was not allowed to go down the ship
 November 3, 1896- he reached Manila and was imprisoned in Fort Santiago
The Trial
Upon his return in Manila, he was imprisoned in Fort Santiago while the Spanish authorities were
investigating his case.
 November 20, 1896- the Spanish authorities discussed the nature of his case. They used the
different poems, novels and letters of Rizal against him.

53
 December 8, 1896- Rizal chose Luis Taviel de Andrade as his legal counsel from among the names
given to him.
 December 15, 1896- Rizal presented the letter to his countrymen stating that the leaders of the
uprising only used his name to collect funds and he was not connected to the uprising.
 December 16, 1896- the trial of Rizal started. And to defend himself, he wrote the following
statements:
1. Starting in July 1892, he had no political affiliation or any participation in any political acts.
2. It was not true that he had conversation or correspondence to the rebels and there was no letter that
could prove his communications to the leader of KKK.
3. His decision to become a volunteer doctor to Cuba was the evidence that he wanted to reconcile with
the Spanish government.
4. In Dapitan, he had a small boat which he could use if he really had intention to escape or join the rebel
group.
5. If he was the leader of the uprising, he should know all the plans and the other members should
constantly ask for his advise.
6. The truth was that he only established the La Liga Filipina, a civic society which aimed for the reform of
the government.
7. The aims of La Liga was not realized because of his deportation to Dapitan.
8. He was not aware of the continuous establishment of La Liga after his deportation to Dapitan.
9. The La Liga Filipina had no connection to the KKK since their aims were in contrast.
10. The time when he wrote his novel should be considered because the injustices that he discussed in
his works were based on the injustices that his family had experienced.
11. In his four years in Dapitan, he followed all the rules and this could be attested by his guards and
other missionaries who had contact with him during his deportation.
12. All the things that the authorities accused him of were baseless and there was no one who could
testify to his direct involvement to the uprising.
The Decision
Governor General Despujol reviewed all the things related to the case of Rizal and the friars
were not happy with the way Despujol was handling the case so using their influence, they replaced him
and appointed Governor General Camilio Polavieja.
On December 26, 1896, the trial was held and all of the evidence were presented to Governor
General Polavieja. Then he presented the documents to Lt. Col. Togores Arjona. On December 29, 1896,
the Govrnor General signed the decision that Jose Rizal would be executed at 7:00 AM in Bagumbayan.
On December 29, 1896, Rizal was informed about the decision and he was not surprised. On his
remaining time, he wrote letters to his family and friends. Aside from the letters to his friends and family,
he also wrote a poem (My Last Farewell) stating his last farewell to his countrymen.
The Execution
On December 30, 1896, 1t 6:30 AM , Jose Rizal, Taviel de Andrade, Fr. March and Fr. Villaclara
left Fort Santiago to face the execution of Rizal. According to the physician who examined Rizal, his
heartbeat was normal at the time of the execution. Before he was shot, he asked the guards to spare his
head and if he could face the firing squad during the execution. But the second request was not granted
since he was considered as a traitor. At 7:30 in the morning he was executed in Bagumbayan.
After Rizal’s Death

 December 30, 1896- after the execution, Rizal’s body was brought to San Juan de Dios Hospital
 December 30, 1896- Rizal’s remains were buried in the Paco Cemetery in an unmarked grave
Narcisa, Rizal’s sister, searched suburban graveyards for where Jose Rizal was buried. She
eventually discovered that he was buried in Paco Park. She marked the plot with the letters
R.P.J. (Rizal’s initials in reverse)
 January 1897- commemorated by Spanish Free-masons who dedicated a tablet to his memory, as a
martyr to Liberty
 August 1898- Filipinos who placed over it in Paco cemetery, a cross inscribed simply “December 30,
1896”, sought his grave, immediately after the American capture of Manila. Since his death his
countrymen had never spoken his name, but all references had been to “The Dead.”
 August 17, 1898- Rizal’s remains were exhumed and brought to the Rizal family house in Binondo
and were kept there until they were brought to their final resting place in Luneta.
 December 20, 1898- President Aguinaldo of the Philippine Revolutionary Government proclaimed
December 30 as a day of national mourning.
 December 30, 1898- Filipinos held memorial services at which time American soldiers on duty
carried their arms reversed.
 June 19, 1911- birth semi-centennial observed in all public schools by an act of the Philippine
Legislature
 December 30, 1912- Rizal’s ashes transferred to the Rizal Mausoleum on the Luneta with
impressive public ceremonies.
REFERENCES:
Inc., Manila

54
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
______7______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
The most famous of Rizal’s poems. This is his last poem written on the eve of his execution.
Originally, the poem was without a title and was not signed. The title was given by Father Mario Dacanay,
a Filipino priest-patriot. It was published for the first time in La Independencia, a newspaper of Gen.
Antonio Luna on September 25, 1898, a year and a half after Rizal’s execution. Currently, there are
twenty-eight translations of the poem.
My Last Farewell ("Mi Ultimo Adiós")
Translated from Spanish by Charles Derbyshire
Farewell, dear Fatherland, clime of the sun caress'd

Pearl of the Orient seas, our Eden lost!,
Gladly now I go to give thee this faded life's best,
And were it brighter, fresher, or more blest
Still would I give it thee, nor count the cost.
On the field of battle, 'mid the frenzy of fight,

Others have given their lives, without doubt or heed;
The place matters not-cypress or laurel or lily white,
Scaffold or open plain, combat or martyrdom's plight,
T is ever the same, to serve our home and country's need.
I die just when I see the dawn break,

Through the gloom of night, to herald the day;
And if color is lacking my blood thou shalt take,
Pour'd out at need for thy dear sake
To dye with its crimson the waking ray.
My dreams, when life first opened to me,

My dreams, when the hopes of youth beat high,
Were to see thy lov'd face, O gem of the Orient sea
From gloom and grief, from care and sorrow free;
No blush on thy brow, no tear in thine eye.
Dream of my life, my living and burning desire,

All hail ! cries the soul that is now to take flight;
All hail ! And sweet it is for thee to expire ;
To die for thy sake, that thou mayst aspire;
And sleep in thy bosom eternity's long night.
If over my grave some day thou seest grow,

In the grassy sod, a humble flower,
Draw it to thy lips and kiss my soul so,
While I may feel on my brow in the cold tomb below
The touch of thy tenderness, thy breath's warm power.
Let the moon beam over me soft and serene,

Let the dawn shed over me its radiant flashes,
Let the wind with sad lament over me keen ;
And if on my cross a bird should be seen,
Let it trill there its hymn of peace to my ashes.

55
Let the sun draw the vapors up to the sky,

And heavenward in purity bear my tardy protest
Let some kind soul o 'er my untimely fate sigh,
And in the still evening a prayer be lifted on high
From thee, 0 my country, that in God I may rest.
Pray for all those that hapless have died,

For all who have suffered the unmeasur'd pain;
For our mothers that bitterly their woes have cried,
For widows and orphans, for captives by torture tried
And then for thyself that redemption thou mayst gain.
And when the dark night wraps the graveyard around

With only the dead in their vigil to see
Break not my repose or the mystery profound
And perchance thou mayst hear a sad hymn resound
'T is I, O my country, raising a song unto thee.
And even my grave is remembered no more

Unmark'd by never a cross nor a stone
Let the plow sweep through it, the spade turn it o'er
That my ashes may carpet earthly floor,
Before into nothingness at last they are blown.
Then will oblivion bring to me no care

As over thy vales and plains I sweep;
Throbbing and cleansed in thy space and air
With color and light, with song and lament I fare,
Ever repeating the faith that I keep.
My Fatherland ador'd, that sadness to my sorrow lends

Beloved Filipinas, hear now my last good-by!
I give thee all: parents and kindred and friends
For I go where no slave before the oppressor bends,
Where faith can never kill, and God reigns e'er on high!
Farewell to you all, from my soul torn away,

Friends of my childhood in the home dispossessed !
Give thanks that I rest from the wearisome day !
Farewell to thee, too, sweet friend that lightened my way;
Beloved creatures all, farewell! In death there is rest !
Questions to Ponder:
Answer concisely. (5 points each)
1. Choose one stanza from the poem and explain your thoughts and feelings on it.
2. How did this poem influence the Filipino way of life?

56
MODULE 8:
THE LOVES OF RIZAL
Learning Outcomes:
1. Identify the different women who had romantic relationship to Rizal
2. Discuss the impact of the relationship to the life of Jose Rizal
TIME FRAME: 1 week
CONTENT:
The Women of Jose Rizal

by Lynn Lopez
Dec 30, 2014
Jose Rizal's dalliances with various women in the Philippines and elsewhere in the world have made him
a legend and a hero to Filipino men who aspire to be as smooth as he was. Whether these encounters
were more likely brief flirtations than full-blown relationships doesn't seem to matter to many. The point is,
the man was just like us- falling in love and waxing sentimental over fond memories about the one that
got away. Or in this case, the more than one who got away.
Segunda Katigbak
Who she is: Segunda was the sister of Mariano Katigbak, Rizal's friend and classmate. She studied in
La Concordia College, where Rizal's sister Olympia also studied.
How they met: Some say the two met in Trozo, Manila, while others say it was in Lipa, Batangas. Given
that Segunda studied in the same school as Rizal's sister, he did the most logical thing: visit La
Concordia College more frequently, ostensibly to see his sister, but primarily to get a glimpse of the girl
he described as having "eloquent eyes, rosy cheeks, and a smile that reveals very beautiful teeth."
How it ended: The story goes that Rizal told Segunda that he was returning home to Calamba for the
New Year. He added that he might see her when her steamer docks at Biñan and she passes through
Calamba on her way to Lipa. He waited for her and he did see her pass by on a carriage-in fact, she
even waved to him-but instead of following her, he chose to go home.

57
Leonor Valenzuela
Who she is: Leonor or "Orang" was his neighbor when he stayed in Intramuros while studying at the
University of Sto. Tomas.
How they met: Being neighbors gave Rizal plenty of opportunities to find some reason to hang out with
Orang whether or not there was an occasion for them to meet up. He wrote love letters to her in invisible
ink, and it's been speculated that he did so to cover up his indiscretion, as he was also pursuing his next
love, Leonor Rivera, at the time.
How it ended: Without tears or fanfare. Rizal may have been besotted with Orang, but it's likely that
Orang didn't feel the same way about him. She went on with her life, entertaining other suitors, and not
even shedding a tear when Rizal left the country.
Leonor Rivera
Who she is: Leonor was the daughter of a cousin of Rizal's father, making her Rizal's cousin and his
childhood sweetheart.
How they met: They met in Manila when Leonor was 13 years old, and even as Rizal left for Europe two
years later, the two kept up their correspondence, which supposedly kept Rizal inspired during his
studies.
How it ended: Rizal’s letters to Leonor went unacknowledged for a whole year, as Leonor married Henry
Charles Kipping, an English railway engineer-but not because she wanted to. Her mother preferred

58
Kipping over Rizal, and to convince Leonor to marry Kipping, she said Rizal was engaged to Ferdinand
Blumentritt's daughter.
Consuelo Ortiga y Rey
Who she is: The most that can be dug up about Consuelo is that she was the daughter of Don Pablo
Ortiga, a former mayor of Manila.
How they met: Consuelo wrote in her diary that she first met Rizal in Madrid on September 16, 1882,
and apparently they talked the whole night (always a promising start to any relationship). Sources say
she had a penchant for asking Rizal to write her poems and verses, and he would happily comply. The
most well-known of these is entitled A La Señorita C.O. y R.
How it ended: Circumstances happened. One of Rizal's compatriots, Eduardo de Lete, apparently had
his eye on Consuelo, which forced Rizal to back out of whatever budding relationship he had with her.
Also, he was still engaged to Leonor Rivera, which he probably should have thought of before even
considering starting something with another woman.

59
Seiko Usui
Who she is: Seiko Usui, who Rizal called "O-Sei-San," worked at the Spanish Legation in Tokyo. She
was 23 years old when she met the 27-year-old Rizal.
How they met: Rizal started working at the Spanish Legation in February 1888. Seiko caught his eye
one afternoon while she was walking in the garden, and Rizal found out from a gardener who she was.
Given that Seiko spoke both English and French, she and Rizal managed to strike up a friendship and
eventually a relationship, and she taught him Japanese as well. Dates were spent exploring parks,
shrines, and museums such as the Imperial Art Gallery.
How it ended: After a month-long relationship, Rizal had to leave for San Francisco in April 1888.
Gertrude Beckett
Who she is: Nicknamed "Gettie" by Rizal, Beckett was the daughter of Charles Beckett, who was Rizal's
landlord when he stayed in London, England in May 1888.
How they met: After his stay in the US, Rizal headed to London and stayed in the boarding house run by
Charles Beckett. Gettie was apparently keen on Rizal, helping him with his artwork. Supposedly, her
assistance helped Rizal finish his works, namely, 'Prometheus Bound', 'The Triumph of Death over Life,'
and 'The Triumph of Science over Death.'
How it ended: It's pretty safe to say that nothing really happened between them in the first place, save
for the crush Gettie had on "Pettie" (this was her nickname for Rizal). Some sources say that it was only
Gettie who wanted more out of their friendship, while others say that Rizal got cold feet, which made him
decide to leave London for Paris in March 1889, possibly in an effort to let Gettie down easy.

60
Suzanne Jacoby
Who she is: Suzanne was a Belgian woman who was the niece of the landladies of the boarding house
where Rizal stayed in Brussels in February 1890.
How they met: Someone keep Rizal away from boarding houses. His six-month stay in the city saw him
spending a lot of time with Suzanne, and they attended the city's summertime festival together.
How it ended: It seems that he just wasn’t into her. Rizal left her a box of chocolates, which she didn't
even open, possibly to keep as a memento. She wrote him two months later, telling him about the
unopened box of chocolates and urging him to hurry back. In another letter she sent him, Suzanne
wondered if Rizal even thought about her, and resigned herself to the fact that she might not see him
again. He ended up returning to Brussels in April 1891, but only so he could keep working on El
Filibusterismo.
Nellie Boustead
Who she is: Nellie was the daughter of British businessman Eduardo Boustead and was half-Filipina.
She was also the fiancée of Antonio Luna.
How they met: Rizal had been friends with her family, and he used to fence with Nellie and her sister
Adelina at Juan Luna's studio. In February 1891, Rizal stayed at the Villa Eliada, the Bousteads' winter
residence in Biarritz on the French Riviera. Apparently, it got to the point where Rizal actually considered
proposing to Nellie, although it might have been the rebound blues talking; at the time, he had just

61
learned that Leonor Rivera got married to someone else, which probably prompted him to think, "Hey,
you know what? I'm gonna get married too! That'll show her!"
How it ended: Nellie wanted Rizal to convert to Protestantism, and her mother didn't approve of a man
who didn't have the capacity to give her daughter a good life. But it didn't end in tears, as the two had a
pretty amicable breakup and she even wished him well in a letter as he was about to leave Europe.
Josephine Bracken
Who she is: Born in Hong Kong to Irish parents, Josephine was the wife of Rizal; he called her "dulce
extranjera."
How they met: Josephine, together with her adoptive father George Taufer, sailed to the Philippines and
then to Dapitan to see Rizal, as Taufer's eyes required medical attention and Rizal had already
developed an impressive reputation as an eye specialist. Josephine and Rizal eventually fell in love,
although Rizal's sisters thought she was a spy for the Spanish, and they lived together in Barangay
Talisay in Dapitan. Their son Francisco was stillborn.
How it ended: After Rizal's death, Josephine returned to Hong Kong and lived with her father. In 1900,
she married Vicente Abad and they had a daughter named Dolores. Josephine died of tuberculosis at the
age of 25. Others say she actually returned to the Philippines and lived in Cebu with her husband and
taught English at various institutions.
REFERENCES:
https://www.spot.ph/newsfeatures/newsfeatures-peopleparties/58058/the-women-of-jose-rizal
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City

62
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
_______8_____
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the correct answer of the following questions.
_____1. In honor of Leonor Rivera or Taimis, which character in Noli Me Tangere was created?
A. Dona Victorina C. Sisa

B. Paulita Gomez D. Maria Clara
_____2. What was the main reason why Rizal was not able to marry Taimis? Because __________
A. Rizal had a mission to his country

B. Rizal’s mother interfered.
C. Rizal decided not to marry her due to other woman he met
D. It was difficult to maintain a long-distance relationship
_____3. Why did Rizal not marry Nelly Boustead? Because ____________
A. He was forced to be converted to Protestantism

B. He did not love Nelly
C. He needed to write another novel
D. He wanted to marry her sister
_____4. Where did Rizal meet Josephine Bracken?
A. Hongkong B. Manila C. Dapitan D. Germany
_____5. What is not true about the relationship of Jose Rizal and Josephine Bracken?
A. They were not married but treated each other as husband and wife.
B. They had a child who mysteriously died.
C. They were living a peaceful life in Dapitan.
D. They had a child who left with Josephine when Jose Rizal died.
_____6. Who was the woman that Rizal described as a woman with provocative smile and alluring
presence?
A. Josephine Bracken C. Segunda Katigbak
B. Nelly Boustead D. O Sei San
_____7. What was the means of communication of Rizal and Orang Valenzuela?
A. Invisible ink B. poem C. invisible letter D. song
_____8. Who was the Dulce Estranghera of Jose Rizal?
A. Josephine Bracken B. Nelly Boustead C. Segunda Katigbak D. O Sei San
_____9. What was the term used by Dona Teodora to call Josephine?
A. Taimis B. Selya C. Golondrina D. Dulce Estranghera
_____10. What was the main reason why Josephine exposed the retraction of Rizal?
A. She wanted to become popular.

B. Jose Rizal told her to expose his retraction.
C. She wanted to get the inheritance of Rizal.
D. She wanted to live with the family of Rizal.

63
Arrange the names of Rizal’s women according to their relationship with Jose Rizal. Write A-F in
MODULE
the 9: the number.
space before
THE POLITICAL THOUGHTS OF JOSE RIZAL IN
_____1. Nelly Boustead ______4. O Sei San
_____2. Segunda Katigbak ______5. Leonor Rivera
_____3. Josephine Bracken HIS ESSAYS
______6. Leonor Valenzuela
Learning Outcomes:
1. Discuss the content of the different essay of Rizal
2. Explain the impact of the essay to the rise of the Philippine Nationalism
TIME FRAME: 1 week
CONTENT:
The Indolence of the Filipino People

Background
The Indolence of the Filipino People is the longest essay of Jose P. Rizal published in La
Solidaridad on July 15, 1890, to defend the Filipinos against the accusation of Mr. Sanciano that the
Filipinos are indolent. This is due to the observation of Sanciano to a Filipino farmer who was having a
siesta at nine o’clock in the morning because he was already done his work.
Main Points of the Essay

1. Indolence is not only laziness but little love for work and lack of energy.
2. Man is not a brute nor a machine so indolence is natural.
3. Indolence is not the cause of backwardness but backwardness is the result of indolence.
4. The causes of indolence are climate, Spanish colonization, and Filipinos own fault.
5. The indolence of the Filipinos is the result of the following reasons;
A. Spanish policies like forced labor and taxation without representation
B. Religion
C. No motivation for work
D. Gambling
6. The solution to indolence are proper training and sense of nationalism.
The Philippines A Century Hence

Background
The Philippines A Century Hence contain the predictions of Jose Rizal about the Philippines 100
years before its publication. He published the essay on September 30, 1889 under the La Soledaridad.

1. Using the past to understand the present thus predicting the future.
2. Filipinos have lost confidence in their past, lost faith in the present, and lost their hope in the future.
3. The Filipinos will still be under Spain if they will implement the freedom of the press and the Filipinos
has representation in the Spanish Cortez.
4. If the reforms are not implemented then a spirit of a nation rises and thus, a revolution is highly
positive.
Letter to the Young Women of Malolos
Background
The Letter to the Young women of Malolos was written by Dr. Jose P. Rizal as fulfillment of the
request of Marcelo H. del Pilar to commend the young women of Malolos who fought for their rights for
education.
On December 12, 1888, the committee of 20 young women of Malolos expressed their desire to
acquire education. They wrote a letter of request to Governor Valeriano Weyter and petition to establish a
night school.
The young ladies were;

64
1. Cecilia Tiongson 11. Teresa Tantoco

2. Merced Tiongson 12. Maria Tantoco
3. Aleja Tiongson 13. Rufina Reyes
4. Agapita Tiongson 14. Leonisa Reyes
5. Filomena Tiongson 15. Olimpia Reyes
6. Paz Tiongson 16. Juana Reyes
7. Feliciana Tiongson 17. Elisea Reyes
8. Anastacia Tiongson 18. Alberta UJi-Tangloy
9. Emilia Tiongson 19. Eugenia M. Tanchangco
10. Basilia Tiongson 20. Aurea M. Tanchangco

1. The problem of the Filipina
A. Blind obedience
B. Wrong understanding of religion
C. At fault for the continuing slavery of the Filipinos
2. The Filipino women should do the following:
A. Fight for their rights for education
B. Teach their children to love their country more than they love themselves like the Spartan
mother
C. Fulfill their duty as mothers and wives
3. All men are created equal and had the ability to think
4. The teaching of the friars about religion is not the same as God’s teaching
5. Saintliness is not equal to rituals
6. Saintliness is doing what is right and understanding your own religion
The Political Conditions of the Philippines during the Time of Spanish Colonization
1. The dominance of the friars over the decentralized colonial government
2. The dominance of the Principalia in the colonial government
3. The appointment of the under qualified officials in the colonial government in the Philippines
The Reforms Needed by the Philippines according to Rizal as Stated in his Works
1. Representation of the country in the Cortez
2. Secularization of the parishes
3. The abolition of the power of the friars over state
4. The reform in the administration and in all branches
A. Corruption in the government
B. The needed reforms
C. The equal participation of the Filipino and Spanish in the government in the Philippines
D. The elevation of the moral standard of the administration
5. Reform in the educational system
6. Freedom of press
REFERENCES:
SUGGESTED READINGS:
Mandaluyong City

65
Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Course: _____________________________________ Date: _____________
Subject: _____________________________________
______9______
(Lesson Number)
SUGGESTED ACTIVITY:
Multiple Choice. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
_____1. Why did Rizal admire the young women from Malolos?
A. Because they were industrious
B. Because they were beautiful
C. Because they have done well in following the friars
D. Because they fought for their rights
_____2. How did Rizal describe a typical Filipino woman?
A. Intelligent and lovely
B. Coward and ignorant
C. Religious and admirable
D. Beauty and brains
_____3. Why would Rizal want Filipino women to imitate the Spartan women?
a. Because the Spartans were delicate women
b. Because the Spartans knew how to love their husbands
c. Because the Spartans were great women leaders
d. Because the Spartans taught their children love for country
_____4. How did the Spanish policies contribute to Filipino indolence?
A. It worsened the indolence of the Filipinos
B. It cured the indolence of the Filipinos
C. It made the Filipinos indolent
D. It served as the solution
_____5. How did the Church contribute to Filipino indolence?
A. The Church did not make the Filipino indolent
B. The Church encouraged the Filipinos to be indolent
C. The Church taught what was in the Bible
D. The Church misinterpreted what was written in the Bible
_____6. How did the lack of national sentiment contribute to Filipino indolence?
A. It made the Filipinos communitarian
B. It made the Filipinos reliant on each other
C. It made the Filipinos individualistic
D. It made the Filipinos nationalistic
_____7. What was the condition of Rizal for the Philippines to remain a Spanish colony?
A. If Independence would be introduced
B. If the friars would be expelled from the country
C. If the Spaniards would become good
D. If the Spaniards would introduce reforms
_____8. In the essay, The Philippines A Century Hence, did Rizal believe that the Philippines would
become independent?
A. Yes, because it was inevitable
B. Yes, because he endorsed a revolution
C. No, because he only believed in reforms
D. No, because he believed it was impossible
_____9. What are the two most important reforms according to The Philippines A Century Hence?
A. Freedom of speech and liberty
B. Freedom of association and the press
C. Freedom of the press and representation
D. Freedom to believe and life
_____10.” Indolence in the Philippines is a chronic malady, but not a hereditary one.” What does it
mean?
A. Indolence is something that can be passed from one generation to the other
B. Indolence gets better as time passes by
C. Indolence is a very natural tendency to man
D. Indolence is an illness that gets worse as time passes by
Thoughts to Ponder: Explain your idea concisely. (5 points)

66
”Without education and liberty, that soil and that sun of mankind, no reform is possible, no measure can
give the result desired.” -(excerpt from “Indolence of the Filipinos”)

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TIME FRAME: 1 week

MATERIALS NEEDED: Module and pen, smartphone, internet

Executive Order No.75 “National Heroes Committee”

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

2. A hero thinks of the future, especially the future generations.

a. Jose Rizal f. Marcelo H. del Pilar

b. Andres Bonifacio g. Sultan Dipatuan Kudarat

c. Emilio Aguinaldo h. Juan Luna

d. Apolinario Mabini i. Gabriela Silang

Laws Honoring/ Commemorating Filipino Historical Figures- for Dr.Rizal

What is the Rizal Law or R.A.1425?

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

or private schools, colleges and universities.

and the Barrio Councils throughout the country.

Patriotic Objectives of the Rizal Law

Senator Jose P. Laurel said…

Rizal, as an example of SACRIFICE

• He spent his life abroad in hunger and poverty

• When he returned home, he no longer held his life in his hands

Rizal, His Ideas: A Reply to the Challenges of the Millennium

• by consciously and clear-headedly accepting the ultimate sacrifice of DEATH.

• He shouldered his political burden solely in the cause of duty

• A circumstance rendering him one of the figures rare in human affairs

• A revolutionary without hatred

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

• A leader without worldly ambition

Rizal, a Modern-Day Hero as compared to a Victorian hero

-Rizal conquered his inferiority

- He responded to the challenge of conquering himself

Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

TIME FRAME: 2 weeks

MATERIALS NEEDED: Module and pen, smartphone, internet

The Political Situation in Spain

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

The Political Situation in the Philippines

The Social Stratification in the Philippines

The Economic Development

The Advent of Nationalism in the Philippines

The Factors that Led to the Rise of Nationalism in the Philippines

B. The Coming of the Liberal Ideas

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

1. The Administration of Carlos Maria de la Torre

C. The Implementation of Different Unjust Policies

D. The Maladministration of Justice

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

F. The Lack of Representatives of the Filipinos in the Spanish Cortes

Name: _____________________________________ Score: ____________

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

3. What kind of policy is Polo y Servicios?

5. How was the Philippines ruled during the Spanish regime?

6. What was the system of land own imposed by the Spaniards?

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

TIME FRAME: 2 weeks

MATERIALS NEEDED: Module and pen, smartphone, internet

Timeline: Rizal’s Family, Childhood, and Early Education

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

The Mercado-Rizal Family

Life and Works of Jose Rizal

in May 1889. he was refused a Catholic burial for not

Meanings of Rizal’s Names

Life & Works of Rizal Module

Life & Works of Rizal Module

Name: _________________________ Score:

Name: _________________________ Score:

Name: _________________________ Score: