Problem Set: CARBOHYDRATES

Name:
Section: Date:
1. Sugar Structures: Compare the common structural features and function of each
polysaccharide for each pair:
(a) amylose and amylopectin
(b) starch and glycogen
(c) cellulose and starch

2. Draw D-ribulose in its five-membered cyclic β -hemiacetal form

3. Ribose exists largely in a furanose form in aqueous solution, produced by addition of

the C4-OH group to the C1 aldehyde. Draw D-ribose in its furanose form.

4. Fructose exists 70% β-pyranose, 2% α-pyranose, 0.7% open-chain, 23% β-furanose,

and 5% α-furanose. The pyranose form results from addition of the –OH at C6 to the
carbonyl group, while the furanose form results from the addition of the –OH at C5 to the
carbonyl group. Draw the structure of the 70% form and 23% form.

4. Reducing Sugars: Draw the structural formula for α-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→ 6)-D-

mannosamine and circle the part of this structure that makes the compound a reducing
sugar.

5. Draw the following compounds:

A. α- and β-anomers of D-galactose
B. aldonic acid, uronic acid and aldaric acid derivatives of galactose
C. galacitol

6. Draw the structures for the products you would expect to obtain from reaction of β−D-
talopyranose with each of the following reagents
A. H2 catalyst
B. Concenrated HNO3
C. CuSO4, Na2CO3, sodium citrate

7. Draw the structure of the disaccharide GlcN(a1↔1b)Glc. Is it a reducing sugar?

8. Trehalose, a disaccharide produced in fungi, has the following structure:

 
a. What is the systematic name for this disaccharide?
b. Is trehalose a reducing sugar? Explain.