Practical Field Application of

the Mysterious Dynamic Kill

Jim LaGrone, P.E.

Boots & Coots
Houston, Tx
IADC Well Control Conference – Nov 2009
 The DYNAMIC KILL
• 1st Published by Blount/Soeiinah (Mobil)
• 1978 Dynamic Kill – Arun Field Indonesia
– Flowing an estimated 300 MMscf/d [8.6Mm3/d]
• Identified the Additional Effect of ECD
– Turbulent Feature of Water
• Has been used extensively, whether
known or not
• We are here to learn HOW to do it RIGHT
 What is this about?
• We are not here to learn about all of the
robust programs available to you
• We are here to learn how to KILL
PLAIN and SIMPLE
• Problem with all SOFTWARE is…
INPUT
Garbage In/Garbage Out
 What is IT (DK)?
• Increase FBHP to SBHP via
– Increasing hydrostatic head in the flow path
– Increase ECD via Friction of kill fluids
– Not Fracture the formation during the Kill
– Maintaining CONSTANT BHP once well is
dead
We are essentially weighting up the gas!

Flow Rate = C x (SBHP2 – FBHP2)

 IPR
Inflow Performance Releationship

16,000
Well Dead
Pore Pressure
14,000

12,000
FBHP (psig)

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000
AOF
0
0.00 20.00 40.00 60.00 80.00 100.00 120.00
Flowrate (MMscf/d)
Bottom Hole Pressure
DP CP

Static
BHP
Bottom Hole Pressure
DP

Flowing
BHP
 Increasing the BHP

3,500
SBHP
3,000

2,500
BHP (psi)

2,000
FBHP
1,500

1,000
Kill Rate (BPM) 29.0
500 Mud Density (ppg) 13.5

0
0 20 0 400 600 800 1,000 1 ,2 00
Kill Fluid Volum e (bbl)
When is the Right
Time for a
Dynamic Kill?
 When to USE
• Anytime
• There are no negatives on when to use
• Limitation on tubulars (Pump Pressure)
• When you SHOULD always use DK
– No surface pressure control
• Shallow Gas
• Surface Blowout
• No ability to choke well back
• Worried about breaking down formation
– And Having a Surface Broach
Diverted Well
Underground
Blowout
 The Dynamic Kill
Pyramid
Control Parameters Blowout Constraints
Kill Fluid
Rate

Wellbore Geometry The Blowout Flowrates

Kill

Kill Fluid Kill Fluid

Injection Depth

Density Volume
 The Kill Pyramid
Control Parameters Blowout Constraints
Kill Fluid
Rate

Wellbore Geometry The Blowout Flowrates

Kill

Kill Fluid Kill Fluid

Injection Depth

Density Volume
 Est. Flow Rate - Gas
Gas Flowrate Estimated from Flame Height

400

350

300
Flame Height (ft)

250

200

150

100

50
GPSA (Sec 5-18)

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
Gas Flowrate (MMscf/d)
 Est. Flow Rate - Oil
Oil Flowrate Estimated from Flame Height

400

350

300
Flame Height (ft)

250

200

150

100

50
Hasemi and Tojunga
0
0 20,000 40,000 60,000 80,000 100,000
Oil Flowrate (BOPD)
Diverted Well
 Sensitivities
12ppg Mud Kill Rates

90.0

80.0

70.0
30 MMscf/d
Kill Rate (BPM)

60.0 ∆42
50.0
20 MMscf/d BPM
15 MMscf/d
`
40.0
10 MMscf/d

30.0

20.0

10.0
1,000 1,200 1,400 1,600 1,800 2,000 2,200
FBHP
 The Kill Pyramid

Kill Fluid
Rate

Wellbore Geometry The Blowout Flowrates

Kill

Kill Fluid Kill Fluid

Injection Depth

Density Volume
 Thresholds – Fixed
Kill Rate
Sensitivity - Fixed Kill Rate of 64 BPM

20,000
18,000
16,000
Kill Volume (bbl)

14,000
12,000
10,000
8,000
6,000
4,000
2,000
0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Kill Mud Density (ppg)
 Thresholds – Fixed
Density
Sensitivity - Fixed Density of 13.5 ppg (1.62 SG)

16,000

14,000

12,000
Kill Volume (bbl)

10,000

8,000

6,000

4,000

2,000

0
30 40 50 60 70 80 90
Kill Rate (BPM)
 Thresholds – Fixed
Volume
Sensitivity - Fixed Mud Volume of 2 Hole Volumes

180

160

140
Kill Rate (BPM)

120

100

80

60

40

20

0
9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Kill Mud Density (ppg)
 Changing the Rules
Inflow Performance

3,500
Reservoir Performance
7" x 4-1/2" Annular Performance
3,000
7" Casing Performance
7" x 3-1/2 Annular Performance
2,500
Pressure (psi)

2,000

1,500 300 PSI @ 6 BPM 7000 PSI @ 22 BPM

1,000

500

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Flowrate (MMscf/d)
 Kill Fluid
– Water
• Goes into Turbulence Quickly
• Cheap & Usually Plentiful
• Less Polluting
• High Fluid Leak-Off
• Can Increase Flow Path Area
– Drilling Mud
• Great Fluid Leak-Off Properties
• Can use Higher Densities (Pro/Con)
• Does not go into Turbulence as Quickly
 After Kill
• Water as Kill Fluid
– Displace Water w/ Kill Weight Mud
• Use Weight/Wait method
• ECD’s must be corrected for water-mud
transition
• Monitor wellbore
– Cement or other remedial operations
 Real World Rules
• 40% more HHP/pump rate capacity than
simulated
– Don’t confuse HHP w/ Rate
• 100% more kill fluid volume than required
• Enough fuel for double the anticipated
pumping time
• Start the dynamic kill job in the morning
• All data acquisition into a central control
cabin (BPM, Pressure, Coms, Video, BHP)
• Only one person making the calls
Kill Spread
Relief Well Conduits
 Surface Intervention

A B C D
THE End
Any Questions?