5G Phased Array Transceiver Webcast - Aug2017 Final - Rev3 PDF

Design and Simulation of 5G 28-GHz Jack Sifri
Phased Array Transceiver Webcast MMIC/Module Design

Flow Specialist
System / Circuit / EM Co-simulation with beam steering
© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2013

Introduction
• Why mm Wave Bands for 5G?
• Propagation issues at mm-wave for mobile communication
• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas
• 28GHz is one of the several candidate bands for the new 5G

radio interface. Verizon has chosen 28 GHz for their pre-5G trial.
© Keysight
Technologies 2017 Page 2
Agenda
• EM/Circuit Co-simulation / demo

• Transmit Chain components
• Design and Simulation
• Verification Test Bench (VTB) Simulation
• Analysis
• Transceiver Design Example
• Future work
• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in ADS 2017
© Keysight
EM / Circuit Cosimulation
Antenna and other

physical structures
Momentum Planar EM
Full 3D FEM Simulation
© Keysight
Technologies
Page 4 2017 Page 4
HB, S-Par, Envelope, Tran, DC, AC
Antenna and other Transceiver Components

physical structures
Momentum Planar EM
+ Circuit level designs; X-parameter
Full 3D FEM Simulation models, EM models, etc.
© Keysight
Technologies
Page 5 2017 Page 5
HB, S-Par, Envelope, Tran, DC, AC
Complete EM / Circuit
Antenna and other Transceiver Components Simulation and Analysis
physical structures
Momentum Planar EM
+ =
Circuit level designs; X-parameter Captures the excitation from
Full 3D FEM Simulation models, EM models, etc. the T/R module and apply it
to the Antenna(s)
The output from the circuit
simulation drives/excites the
Antenna ports
© Keysight
Technologies
Page 6 2017 Page 6
28 GHz Transmit Chain with Patch Antenna
System / Circuit / EM Co-simulation and beam steering
Demo
© Keysight
Transmit Chain with Patch Antenna
System / Circuit / EM Co-simulation and beam steering
Plextek RFI Buffer Amp Phase Shifter 4X4 Array .5 Lambda

Power Divider 28 GHz BPF Plextek RFI PA Patch Antenna
© Keysight
28 GHz Power Divider
Power Divider
Designed with:
TriQuint PHEMT process
© Keysight Page
Mm-Wave Small Signal Amps
mm-Wave small signal Amp
Designed with:
© Keysight
28 GHz Filter Response
28 GHz BPF
© Keysight
Mm-Wave Power Amplifier
Plextek RFI PA
X-Parameter model
Designed with:
GCS InP_DHBT Process
Global Communications Semiconductors
© Keysight Page
12
X-Parameters
• Accurately captures all non-linearties
• Protects your IP
• Much faster simulation speed and trade-off analysis in hierarchical
system design and verification.
• Accurate load pull modeling capability
X-parameter Model
Circuit Topology
© Keysight
X-Parameters
Overlaid Results
Model (Red) Vs. Circuit (Blue)
© Keysight
Mm-Wave Power Amplifier
Pin / Pout and Phase Response of PA
Plextek RFI PA
X-Parameter model
Circuit Sim – Red

X-Par model – Blue
Designed with:
GCS InP_DHBT Process
© Keysight Page
15
Creating 16 X-Par models of Varied Pout and Phase
0 degrees
© Keysight
Using a Four Bit Phase Shifter (with 22.5 degree phase increments)
45 deg 180 deg
22.5 deg 90 deg
Designed with:
© Keysight
Calculating Phase Shifter Phase Error
22.5 deg 22.5 deg
-5 +5
+5 -5
When circuit 1 is “ON”, circuit 2 is “OFF”

When circuit 1 is “OFF”, circuit 2 is “ON”
© Keysight
HB Analysis SS_Gain = 32.75 dB
LS_Gain = 31.65 dB @ Pin = -3 dBm (Pout = 28.65 dBm)
LS_Gain = 29.44 dB @ Pin = 1 dBm (Pout = 30.44 dBm)
Circuit level designs
P -1dB = 28.65 dBm

@ Pin -3 dBm
© Keysight
HB Analysis SS_Gain = 40 dB
Behavioral level designs
P -1dB = 28.8 dBm

@ Pin -10 dBm
© Keysight
Patch Antenna Design
4.8 mm
3.28 mm
0.84 mm
mm
0.58
1.14 mm
H=.794 mm Er=2.2 TanD=.0009
0.84 mm
© Keysight
Antenna Array configurations
Uniform Linear Uniform Rect. Triangular Circular 3D/Conformal
0 degrees
© Keysight
Patch Antenna Design (4X4 array – ½ Lambda)
© Keysight
Applying Phase Shift to Antenna Ports
http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased%20Array%20Antenna.en.html
The main beam always points in the

direction of the increasing phase
shift.
Well, if the signal to be radiated is
delivered through an electronic
phase shifter giving a continuous
phase shift now, the beam direction
will be electronically adjustable.
However, this cannot be extended
unlimitedly. The highest value,
which can be achieved for the
Field of View (FOV) of a phased
array antenna, is 120° (60° left and
60° right). With the sine theorem the
necessary phase moving can be
calculated.
© Keysight Page
24
http://www.radartutorial.eu/06.antennas/Phased%20Array%20Antenna.en.html
The phase shift Δφ between two

successive elements is constant
and is called phase-increment.
© Keysight Page
25
Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle

61.5 degrees 20 degrees
31.2 10
22.5 7.2
© Keysight Page
26
Sweeping the Phase Shifter for Different Look-up Angles
Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle
61.5 degrees 20 degrees
31.2 10
22.5 7.2
© Keysight
Momentum Visualization – Far Field Cut
0 degrees
Antenna incremental
look-up angle = 7.2
degrees
0 degrees
© Keysight
Antenna incremental
look-up angle = 7.2
degrees
7.2 degrees
© Keysight
Antenna incremental
look-up angle = 7.2
degrees
14.4 degrees
© Keysight
21.6 degrees
© Keysight
28.8 degrees
© Keysight
36.0 degrees
© Keysight
43.2 degrees
© Keysight
50.4 degrees
© Keysight
The highest value, which

can be achieved for the
Field of View (FOV) of a
phased array antenna, is
120° (60° left and 60° right).
57.6 degrees
-57.6 degrees
© Keysight
- 50.4 degrees
© Keysight
- 43.2 degrees
© Keysight
- 36.0 degrees
© Keysight
- 28.8 degrees
© Keysight
- 21.6 degrees
© Keysight
- 14.4 degrees
© Keysight
- 7.2 degrees
© Keysight
0 degrees
© Keysight
Harmonic Balance - Sweep Pin for each state
Swept power for each phase state
0 degrees
© Keysight
Multi Band Systems
For Multi Band

Systems, select
the channel
frequency and
sweep the phase
© Keysight
EM Circuit Excitation for Multi Band Systems
0 degrees
© Keysight
Page 47
Technologies 2017 Page
EM Circuit Excitation for Multi Band Systems
0 degrees
© Keysight
Page 48
Technologies 2017 Page
Switched Beam Systems and Isolation
© Keysight
Four Channel Switched Beam System
Antenna 1
28 GHz
Antenna 2
28 GHz
Switch
Antenna 3
28 GHz
Antenna 4
28 GHz
© Keysight
SP4T Pin Diode Switch
On
Off
Off
Off
32 - 38 dB
isolation
< - 20 dB Return Loss
© Keysight
Effect of Isolation with SP4T Pin Diode Switch
Good isolation; low leakage
Antenna 1 (ON) Antenna 2 (OFF)
30.73 dBm - .43 dBm

30.14 dBm - 1.02 dBm
© Keysight
Modeling the Switch in ADS
>30 dB isolation
© Keysight
Using a Switch with 35 dB Isolation
Good isolation; low leakage
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Good isolation
29.91 dBm - 2.46 dBm
29.32 dBm - 3.06 dBm
© Keysight
Bad isolation; high leakage
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Bad isolation
29.91 dBm 12.54 dBm
29.32 dBm 11.95 dBm
© Keysight
Very bad isolation; very high leakage
Antenna 1 Antenna 2
Very bad isolation

29.89 dBm 22.54 dBm
29.31 dBm 21.95 dBm
Good isolation is important to have in components

© Keysight
5G Verification Test benches (VTB) in ADS
VTB is a regular component in the ADS simulation environment,

which is linked to the Verification Test Bench (VTB) in SystemVue.
VTBs enable circuit designers to make use of sources and

measurement setups from SystemVue and verify the performance of
a circuit using real world complex modulated signals conforming to
advanced wireless standards such as 2G/3G/4G/5G.
© Keysight
5G FBMC Transmit Analysis VTB
Note: OFDM is the technology that has been selected by 3GPP rather than FBMC.
ADS 2017 plans to include this update. The VTB flow is the same.
© Keysight
Pin = -50 dBm
SS Gain = 49 dB
© Keysight
Pin = -25 dBm SS Gain = 49 dB
LS Gain = 47.8 dB; 1.2 dB compressed
© Keysight
Analysis
1. Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths
2. Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response
3. Effect of Coupling and Cross talk
4. Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna
© Keysight
Analysis
© Keysight
Effect of Feeding Network and Line Lengths
Slide is taken from Dr. Gabriel Rebeiz’s

RFIC Symposium Plenary talk, June 2017
© Keysight
System with identical PA’s and No Interconnect Lines
No added phase
To
Antenna
© Keysight
System with identical PA’s and No Interconnect Lines
No added phase
Phase Shift = 0 deg
Side lobe 14.33 dB down

Null 34.9 dB down
© Keysight
Adding Short Interconnects from PA’s to Antenna
© Keysight
Adding Interconnects from PA’s to Antenna mm
Phase Shift = 0 deg

Phase Shift = 0 deg
5 deg
shift
Side lobe 8.93 dB down (14.33 with no lines)

Null 18.75 dB down (34.9 with no lines)
© Keysight
Adding Longer Interconnects from PA’s to Antenna
3, 5, 7, 9 mm
Phase Shift = 0 deg
Phase Shift = 0 deg
28 deg
offset
Side lobe 10.63 dB down (14.33 with no lines)

Null 24.73 dB down (34.9 with no lines)
© Keysight
Analysis
© Keysight
Case 1 – Using Identical PA’s
Phase=0 Phase= 62
Lobe is 14.56 dB down Lobe is 11.04 dB down

Null is 36.26 dB down Null is at 35.89 dB down
© Keysight
X-Parameters of Various PA’s with Varied Amplitude and Phase
© Keysight
Case 2 – Using Different PA’s
Phase=0 Phase= 62

Null is at 24.76 dB down Null is at 24.28 dB down
Compared with the case of identical PA’s
Lobe is 14.56 dB down
Null is 36.26 dB down
© Keysight
Summary: Response Using Identical PA’s Vs Different PA’s
With Identical PA’s With Different PA’s

Null is 36.26 dB down Null is 24.76 dB down
© Keysight
Important to Design Circuits with Small Variability
PA 1 Wide variation PA 2 Smaller variation
Phase
Phase
© Keysight
Analysis
© Keysight
Coupling / Crosstalk between:
• Adjacent Channels
• PA’s
• Antenna elements
• Feed Lines and Antenna elements
© Keysight
Response with No Coupling
© Keysight
Response with No Coupling @ 0deg

© Keysight
Response with Coupling
© Keysight
Response with Coupling 0deg

Compared with the case of no coupling

© Keysight
Analysis
4. Effect of PA Loading and Change in Impedance
© Keysight
Effect of scan angle
As scan angle increases :

– Effective cross-section area “A” of the array
decreases Q=0o
• Less power to main lobe (lower peak gain)
• Less directivity (wider beam)
Q=45o
– PA loading & impedance changes
• Affects the final beam shape
• In extreme cases can create blind
spots
– More energy goes to side lobes (“grating
lobes”)
Watch out for unexpected interference

(pilot tones, jamming) and false echoes
(clutter) coming from unwanted directions
© Keysight
Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna
From:
An Introduction to Phased Array Design
A Technical Note by N. Tucker
15/04/2011
© Keysight
Phased Array system Architecture exploration
ArrayPhase1 {ArrayPhase}
CalcMode=Auto
Theta=11 ° [mytheta]
ArraySplit1 {ArraySplit} Phi=46 ° [myphi]
InsertionLoss=1 dB SParamSource=DataSet
Mode=SubArray DatasetName=HMC543ALC4B_sparm_25C_0.0.s2p
NumRows=8 RxInOrTxOutMap=2
NumCols=8 RxOutOrTxInMap=1
Rx Po rt_1 Po rt_2
Tx Circuit_Link
ArrayPort1 {ArrayPort} Subnetwork1 {Circuit_Link}

RxTx=Tx DesignName=XParamAmp
Freq=2 GHz [Freq] ArrayAttn1 {ArrayAttn} ArrayAnt2 {ArrayAnt}
Window=Taylor Configuration=Uniform Rectangular Array
Phase=0 °
SideLobeLevel=-20 dB10 NumElementsX=8
MainCarrierIndex=1
NumBars=2 NumElementsY=8
SParamSource=DataSet DistanceUnit=Wavelengths
DatasetName=HMC1019ALP4E_sparameters_deembedded_0.0p0dB.s… DistanceX_in_Wavelengths=0.25
RxInOrTxOutMap=2 DistanceY_in_Wavelengths=0.25
RxOutOrTxInMap=1 ElementPatternType=Pattern File
ElementPatternFileName=D:\EMPROHOME\single_element_patter…
ActiveLoading=Active Reflection Coefficients
RxTx=Tx
1 8X8 8x8 8x8 8x8 8x8

Digital
Digital Antenna
Source Splitter Phase Amplifier
Attenuator Array
Shifter
Multiple Multiple X-parameters Element patterns
S-parameters
S-parameters S-parameters Polarization
© Keysight
Coupling
Technologies 2017
Active impedance
© Keysight
Mild blind angles are observed here due to the active reflection coefficients and
accurate models for amplifiers, Phase shifters and attenuators
The simulation can further be enhanced if employed load pulled X-parameters.
© Keysight
5G 28-GHz Phased Array
Transceiver
0.18um SiGe BiCMOS technology
© Keysight
Full Phased Array Transceiver
Transmit Receive
LOS Link
10 Km
© Keysight
SiGe BiCMOS Doherty Power Amplifier
PA Output Power and Phase
Doherty PA
Small Signal S-Parameters
© Keysight
Transceiver Transmit Chain
PA’s Filters
Transmit Patch LOS Link
Antenna 10 Km
Phase
Amps Shifters
© Keysight
Transceiver Receive Chain
LOS Link 2 Receive Antennas
10 Km Dipole & Patch LNA’s
Phase
Shifters Amps
© Keysight
Transceiver
-10.3 dBm -4.65 dBm 20.4 dBm 16.8 dBm -76.8 dBm -34.7 dBm 11.3 dBm
Pin PA_in PA_out P_Antenna LNA_in LNA_out P_received
P_Antenna 16.8 dBm

Antenna gain 14 dB 108 dB Loss in the LOS Link
LNA_in -77 dBm
© Keysight
Receiver Noise Figure
Gain = 60 dB
S11 = -35 dB
S22 = -27 dB
NF = 3.5 dB
© Keysight
Transmit Chain Verification Test Bench (VTB) for EVM
© Keysight
Transmit Chain EVM
© Keysight
Receive Chain Verification Test Bench (VTB) for BER
© Keysight
Receive Chain Verification Test Bench (VTB) for BER
© Keysight
Transceiver – Transmit Antenna
© Keysight
Transceiver – Receive Antenna 1
© Keysight
Transceiver – Receive Antenna 2
© Keysight
Future Work EM Excitation in ADS 2017
Includes Circuit Envelope
EM Excitation in ADS 2016
Allows bringing in modulated 5G sources

from system view to perform full 5G analysis
© Keysight
Acknowledgement
I extend my sincere gratitude to the following people who have
helped me put this project material together:
• Anil Panday
• Plextek RFI
• Rupam Anand
Special Thanks to the following people who have provided me with

feedback and support
• Carmina Stremlau
• How-Siang Yap
• Murthy Upmaka
• Bhumit Rojivadia (Intern)
• Sangkyo Shin
© Keysight
Conclusion
This webcast has demonstrated the importance of:
• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in 5G design and simulation
• Analysis
➢ Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths
➢ Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response
➢ Effect of Coupling and Crosstalk
➢ Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

➢ Using Tower Jazz .18um SiGe BiCMOS technology
© Keysight
Conclusion
This webcast has demonstrated the importance of:
• EM/Circuit Co-simulation in 5G design and simulation
• Analysis
➢ Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths
➢ Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response
➢ Effect of Coupling and Crosstalk
➢ Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

➢ Using Tower Jazz .18um SiGe BiCMOS technology
© Keysight
www.keysight.com/find/eesof-how-to-videos
– “How To” Video Series

– Application Focused
(10 min each)
– Free workspace
http://www.keysight.com/find/mytrial.rfmw.wc
© Keysight

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Design and Simulation of 5G 28-GHz Jack Sifri

Phased Array Transceiver Webcast MMIC/Module Design

© Agilent Technologies, Inc. 2013

• Propagation issues at mm-wave for mobile communication

• Phased arrays and beam steering antennas

• 28GHz is one of the several candidate bands for the new 5G

• EM/Circuit Co-simulation / demo

Antenna and other

Antenna and other Transceiver Components

Plextek RFI Buffer Amp Phase Shifter 4X4 Array .5 Lambda

mm-Wave small signal Amp

Pin / Pout and Phase Response of PA

Circuit Sim – Red

45 deg 180 deg

22.5 deg 90 deg

22.5 deg 22.5 deg

When circuit 1 is “ON”, circuit 2 is “OFF”

Circuit level designs

P -1dB = 28.65 dBm

Behavioral level designs

P -1dB = 28.8 dBm

H=.794 mm Er=2.2 TanD=.0009

Uniform Linear Uniform Rect. Triangular Circular 3D/Conformal

The main beam always points in the

The phase shift Δφ between two

Phase Shift Antenna look-up angle

The highest value, which

Swept power for each phase state

For Multi Band

< - 20 dB Return Loss

30.73 dBm - .43 dBm

Very bad isolation

Good isolation is important to have in components

VTB is a regular component in the ADS simulation environment,

VTBs enable circuit designers to make use of sources and

1. Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

2. Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

3. Effect of Coupling and Cross talk

4. Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

1. Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

2. Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

3. Effect of Coupling and Cross talk

4. Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

Slide is taken from Dr. Gabriel Rebeiz’s

Side lobe 14.33 dB down

Phase Shift = 0 deg

Side lobe 8.93 dB down (14.33 with no lines)

Side lobe 10.63 dB down (14.33 with no lines)

1. Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

2. Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

3. Effect of Coupling and Cross talk

4. Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

Lobe is 14.56 dB down Lobe is 11.04 dB down

Lobe is 12.813 dB down Lobe is 10.96 dB down

Lobe is 14.56 dB down Lobe is 12.81 dB down

PA 1 Wide variation PA 2 Smaller variation

1. Effect of the Feed Network and Line Lengths

2. Effect of Varying PA’s AM / PM Response

3. Effect of Coupling and Cross talk

4. Effect of PA Dynamic Impedance with Antenna

Lobe is 14.53 dB down

Lobe is 11.73 dB down

Compared with the case of no coupling