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Learning Objectives
By the end of this activity you should be able to:
Instructions to Students
This laboratory assignment is an introduction to observing and classifying sedimentary textures
and components. All the questions are based on slides from the UK Virtual Microscope. You
will submit your answers to the online multiple-choice quiz. When you have finished the quiz
and submitted your answers you will be able to access your responses, the correct answers and
detailed feedback explaining why your answer was correct or incorrect as appropriate.
The assignment is divided into two sections and is worth 100 points. The first section covers
siliciclastic detrital sedimentary rocks and the second section covers carbonate sedimentary
rocks. The multiple-choice answer options are not provided in this document. You may wish to
review the submission quiz as you work on the assignment as the limited options will help you.
Minerals that you should be familiar with that will appear in this activity are:
Quartz
Plagioclase
New minerals that will be introduced during this activity are:
Calcite
Chlorite
All of these questions are based on slides from the UK Virtual Microscope
You will need the following slides open from the UK Virtual Microscope as you will be
switching back and forth. Some of them are not in the main collection so you will need to follow
the links provided.
*Note: the term greywacke or greywacke is no longer in use and should be replaced by the
terms: lithicwacke or feldspathicwacke depending on the composition.
A
B
C
E
F
G
Question 2 (4 points): What mineral is grain D? Hint: Check out the interference colors and
note that on rotation of the stage in PPL it is strongly pleochroic. Use the microscope to look
around at similar grains as they may show you the interference colors more strongly.
Answer:
Navigate your way on the virtual microscope to the XPL slide overview of the carbonate
cemented conglomerate. Note: they have mis-labeled the PPL toggle as XPL.
The framework grains in this detrital rock are almost entirely one type of framework grain:
quartz, feldspar or lithic fragments?
Answer:
There are two main types of framework grains in the subarkose sandstone. What are the two
main types? Note: the sandstone classification here may not be completely accurate.
Answer:
A screen shot taken from the slide overview is provided online. The arrow is pointing to the
two sets of bright parallel strips within a calcite crystal.
What kind of structures do you think the strips are? These are very common in calcite and you
can usually see at least one set (one orientation), and sometimes two.
Answer:
All of these questions are based on slides from the UK Virtual Microscope
You will need the following slides open from the UK Virtual Microscope as you will be
switching back and forth. These are all in the main collection.
Several grains are annotated. Decide whether that grain is a fragment of coral or a brachiopod
shell.
Question 18 (4 points): Which mineral has crystallized in the chambers left by the coral?
Answer:
Several ooids have been annotated. Determine whether each ooid has a pellet or fossil fragment
for a nucleus.
Match the following descriptions of matrix or cement to the rock types from the virtual
microscope. Each description is only used once.
A. Little to no cement or matrix
B. Sparry calcite
C. Micrite
D. Mixture of calcite grains and micrite
Notes:
Cement is treated as pore space in the Dunham classification.
The oolitic limestone is exempt from the Folk classification.