ASHRAE

 ILLINOIS  CHAPTER  2015  

SPRING  CONFERENCE  
March  10,  2015  
 
 

Commercial  Building  Energy  

Audits  

Michael  Kuk,  LEED  AP  BD+C,  CPMP,  OPMP,  BEAP,  CxA  

CERx Solutions
Commissioning, Energy Efficiency, Retro Commissioning Solutions
630-­‐636-­‐7118  (office  /  Fax)  
630-­‐631-­‐9483  (mobile)  
MKUK@CERxSolutions.com  
 AGENDA  

*  WHAT  IS  AN  ASHRAE  LEVEL  1/2/3  AUDIT?  

*  THE  ASHRAE  “GREEN  BOOK”  “PROCEDURES  FOR  
COMMERCIAL  ENERGY  AUDITS  
THE  goal  of  today  is  today  
*  ASHRAE  STANDARD  100   give  an  over-­‐view  and  
*  ASHRAE  RESOURCES   show  you  where  to  get  
more  info  to  learn  more.  
*  AUDITORS  TOOL  BOX  
*  WHAT  ELSE  IS  ASHRAE  UP  TO?  
 ASHRAE  LEVEL  AUDITS  

*  LEVEL  1:  Walk-­‐Through  Survey  

*  LEVEL  2:  Energy  Survey  and  Analysis  
*  LEVEL  3:  Detailed  Analysis  of  Capital-­‐  Intensive  
Modifications  
“The  defining  line  between  each  
level  is  often  “grey”.    Different  
clients  have  different  
expectations  on  what  level  of  
detail  they  want  within  each  
level.”  
 IN  A  NUTSHELL  

1.  HOW  MUCH  ENERGY  ARE  THEY  USING?  

2.  WHERE  ARE  THEY  USING  IT?  
3.  ARE  THEY  USING  IT  EFFECTIVELY?  
4.  HOW  CAN  THEY  USE  IT  MORE  EFFECTIVELY?  
 BEFORE  YOU  GET  STARTED…  Do  A  
Preliminary  Energy-­‐Use  Analysis  (PEA)  

*  Collect    
*  Basic  Site  Information  
*  Historical  Billing  and  Consumption  
*  Energy  Performance  Summaries  (EUI,  Target  Finder  
Score,  CBECS  EIU)  
*  Provides  Necessary  background  data  for  level  1,2,3  
analyses  
*  Downloadable  from  www.ashrae.org/PCBEA  
 ASHRAE  LEVEL  1  
The  Walk-­‐Through  Survey  

*  Conduct  a  brief  on-­‐site  survey  of  the  building  

*  ID  Low-­‐Cost  /  no-­‐cost  measures  
*  Provide  a  listing  of  potential  capital  improvements  
that  merit  further  consideration  
*  Calculations  are  minimal  
*  Savings  and  costs  are  approximate  
 ASHRAE  LEVEL  2  
The  Energy  Survey  and  Analysis  

*  More  detailed  survey  

*  Energy  consumption  and  peak  demand  analysis  
*  Break  down  of  energy  end  uses  
*  Provide  savings  and  cost  analysis  of  EEM’s  that  meet  
owner/operator  constraints  and  economic  criteria  
*  Recommend  changes  to  O&M  procedures  
*  Listing  of  EEM’s  that  require  greater  review  
 ASHRAE  LEVEL  3  
Detailed  Analysis  of  Capital-­‐Intensive  
Modifications  

*  Focuses  on  potential  capital-­‐intensive  projects  ID’d  

through  a  Level  2  Analysis  
*  Requires  more  detailed  field  data  gathering  
*  More  rigorous  engineering  and  economic  analysis  
*  May  include  modeling  (simulation)  and  vendor  pricing  
*  Provides  detailed  project  cost  and  savings  
calculations  (with  higher  level  of  confidence)  
*  It  often  goes  beyond  the  economic  analysis  of  level  2  
Energy  Audit  Overlay  
Energy  Audit  Required  Tasks  
 The  ASHRAE  “Green  Book”  
Procedures  for  Commercial  Building  
Energy  Audits  

*  Part  1:  Definitions  of  level  

of  effort  required  
*  Part  2:  Best  Practices  
•  AVAILABLE  FROM  ASHRAE  WEBSITE  
•  $92  MEMBERS  /  $109  NON-­‐MEMBERS   *  Part  3:  Resources  
•  164  PAGES  OF  EXTREMELY  VALUABLE   *  AUDITING  FORMS    (can  also  be  down  –  
loaded  from  
INFORMATION   https://xp20.ashrae.org/PCBEA/
•  HIGHLY  RECOMMEND  PURCHASE   PCBEA_Supplemental_Files.html  
AND  USE!  
 PCBEA  sample  forms  

*  TABLE  OF  CONTENTS   *  HVAC  AND  CONTROLS  OPTIONS  

*  PCBEA  Sample  Forms  
*  GENERAL  INFORMATION   *  2.0  Boilers  
*  1.0  Basic  Site  Information   *  2.1  Chillers  
*  1.10  Capital  Improvement  Plan   *  2.2  Cooling  Towers  and  Fluid  Coolers  
*  1.11  Operations  and  Maintenance  Costs  
*  1.12  Space  Function  Summary   *  2.3  Pumps  and  Piping  Systems  
*  GEOMETRY  AND  ENVELOPE   *  2.4  Air-­‐Handling  System  Equipment  
*  1.21  Sketches  
*  1.22  Opaque  Surfaces  
*  2.5  Air-­‐Handling  System  Controls  
*  1.23  Fenestration   *  2.6  Air  System  Terminal  Units  
*  1.24  Opaque  Doors   *  2.7  Zone  Heating  Equipment  
*  SCHEDULES  
*  1.31  Occupancy   *  2.8  Fan-­‐Coil  Units  
*  1.32  Lighting   *  2.9  Exhaust/Return  Fans  
*  1.33  Plug  Loads   *  2.10  Packaged  Units:  DX,  Heat  Pumps  
*  1.34  HVAC  
*  1.40  Peak  Occupancy   *  2.11  Condensing  Unit  and  Condensers  
*  LIGHTING   *  SPECIALTY  LOADS  
*  1.51  Interior  Lighting  
*  1.52  Exterior  Lighting  
*  3.0  Swimming  Pools  
*  1.60  Plug  Loads   *  3.1  Kitchen  Equipment  
*  1.70  Thermal  Zoning   *  3.2  Lab  Equipment  
*  DOMESTIC  HOT  WATER  
*  1.81  Equipment   *  3.3  Refrigeration  Equipment  
*  1.82  Fixtures  and  Use   *  3.4  Data  Centers/IT  Rooms  
*  3.5  Process  Equipment  
 ASHRAE  Standard  100-­‐2015  
Energy  Efficiency  in  Existing  Buildings  

1.  Qualified  person  determines  if  a  building  has  an  EUI  

that  meets  target  
2.  For  buildings  without  energy  targets,  a  qualified  
2.  SCOPE   person  shall  conduct  an  energy  audit.    Bundle  shall  
This  standard  applies  to   be  implemented.  
existing  buildings,  portions   3.  Owner  shall  designate  an  energy  manager  to  
of  buildings,  and  building   develop  and  maintain  an  energy  management  plan  
complexes,  including  the  
envelope  and  all  systems  in  
the  building.  This  standard  
excludes  industrial  and  
agricultural  processes  in  
buildings  for  which  the  
energy  targets  
do  not  include  those  
processes.  
Standard  100  Auditing  Requirements  

*  8.1  The  qualified  energy  auditor  shall   *  8.2  Energy  Audit  Requirements  for  Buildings  
complete  Forms  D  and/or  E,  and  submit   without  Energy  Targets  
to  the  authority  having  jurisdiction  (AHJ).     *  8.2.1  Overall  Process.  An  energy  audit  shall  be  
conducted  for  all  buildings  not  having  an  energy  
*  If  an  energy  audit  is  required  within  this   target.  The  energy  audit  and  the  associated  
section,  a  copy  of  the  audit  summary   energy  audit  report  shall  be  completed  by  a  
results  shall  be  included  in  the   qualified  energy  auditor  practicing  within  their  
compliance  documentation.     field  of  competency.  
*  Compliance  with  this  Standard  shall  be   *  The  energy  audit  shall  be  a  Level  2  audit  (as  
achieved  by  adopting  energy  efficiency   defined  in  Section  8.4.2)  and  shall  not  be  
required  to  cost  more  than  10%  of  the  building’s  
measures  (EEMs)  that  collectively  will   annual  energy  expenditure.  If  the  scope  of  a  
reduce  annual  building  energy  use.  Fuel   Level  2  audit  would  result  in  an  audit  cost  that  
switching  shall  not  be  permitted  for  this   exceeds  10%  of  the  building’s  annual  energy  
purpose  unless  the  fuel  switching  saves   expenditure,  the  scope  of  that  audit  may  be  
annual  energy  costs.   limited  to  meet  the  cost  cap.  
 Standard 100 Revision Flow Chart
Standard 100
Seek Compliance

Compliance Requirements
Section 4
Prioritize,
Implement &
Conduct Energy
Commission
Implement Mandatory Energy Audit Section 8
EEMs
Management Program, Section 5
Section 9

Implement Mandatory Operations and NO

Maintenance, Section 6

Does
Building
Verify Energy
Identify Building Type, Meet
Savings Complete
Climate Zone and Collect Energy
Section 9 Compliance Forms
Energy Use Data, Target?
Section 7 Sect. 7 for Buildings with
Targets
Section 4
YES

Is there a
Target for Standard 100
Building Compliance
type? YES
Section 7
Complete
Prioritize, Verify Energy Compliance Forms
NO Conduct Energy Implement & Savings for Buildings w/o
Audit Section 8 Commission EEMs Section 9 Targets
Section 9 Section 4
 OTHER  ASHRAE  RESOURCES  
Standards  

*  Standard  105-­‐2014:  Standard  Methods  of  Determining,  

Expressing,  and  Comparing  Building  Energy  Performance  
and  Greenhouse  Gas  Emissions  
*  Standard  180-­‐2012:  Standard  Practice  for  Inspection  and  
Maintenance  of  Commercial  Building  HVAC  Systems  
*  Standard  189.1-­‐2014:  Standard  for  Design  of  High-­‐
Performance  Green  Buildings  
*  Standard  62.1-­‐2013:  Ventilation  for  Acceptable  Indoor  Air  
Quality  
*  Standard  90.1-­‐2010-­‐Energy  Standard  for  Buildings  
 Other  ASHRAE  RESOURCES  
Guidelines  

*  Guideline  11-­‐2009:  Field  Testing  of  HVAC  Control  

Components  
*  Guideline  14-­‐2014:  Measurement  of  Energy  and  
Demand  Savings  
*  Guideline  22-­‐2012-­‐  instrumentation  for  Monitoring  
Central  Chilled-­‐Water  Plant  Efficiency  
ASHRAE  RESOURCES:  Advanced  
Energy  Design  Guides  
 Other  ASHRAE  Resources  

*  (Misc)  ASHRAE  Technical  Papers  and  Journal  Articles  

*  ASHRAE  Owning  and  Operating  Cost  Database:    http://
xp20.ashrae.org/publicdatabase/  
*  ASHRAE  “Back  of  the  Envelope  Calculator”  
*  ASHRAE  Performance  Measurement  Protocols  for  
Commercial  Buildings  
*  ASHRAE  Green  Guide  
*  Energy  Efficiency  Guides  for  Existing  Commercial  Buildings  
*  The  business  Case  for  Building  Owners  and  Managers  
 TOOLS  OF  THE  TRADE  
What’s  in  My  Tool  Box?  

*  Power  Meter   *  Refractometer  

*  Data  Loggers   *  Vaneometer  
*  Temperature  Guns   *  Snake  Camera  
*  FLIR  Infrared  Gun   *  Misc  hand  tools  
*  Sling  Psychrometer  
*  Safety  Gear  
*  Digital  Psychrometer  /Enthalpy  
meter   *  I-­‐Pad  
*  Temperature  Probes  /  Clamp   *  Laptop  Computer  
on  temperature   *  Calibrated  Tracer  Gas  
*  CO2  Sensor   *  Strobe-­‐tachometer  
*  Lighting  Meter   *  Sound  Meter  
 WHAT  ELSE  IS  ASHRAE  UP  TO?    

*  ASHRAE  Standard  211P  “Standard  for  Commercial  

Building  Energy  Audits”    
*  Will  Standardize  the  Auditing  Process  
*  Timeline?  
 
QUESTIONS?