HVAC Course 2015 PDF

HVAC course
Prepared BY
 Eng. Hossam ELdin Samir
e.hosam2000@gmail.com
Supervised By
Eng. Mahmud Abdelaty
Senior Electromechanical Engineer
Engmah111@gmail.com
July, 2015
QEC: 01111001659
HVAC Course prepared by \ Eng.hosam eldin samir
‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

HVAC system
H = Heating, V = Ventilation, A = Air, C = Conditioning
‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ف ا‬١١‫رى‬ٚ ‫اٌزذفئخ‬ٚ ‫خ‬٠ٛٙ‫اٌز‬
...............................................
Course contents
Manual “ASHRAE “
1- Load Estimation HAP
2- Different HVAC systems
Chilled water system D-X “ Direct Expansion”
ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫ أٔب ثشَّدد ا‬ًٕٝ٠ " ‫ف‬١‫س‬ٚ َ‫ٔسزخذ‬ " ‫ْ ِجبضشح‬ٛ٠‫ اٌفش‬ٍٝ‫ ي‬ٞ‫ًذ‬١‫اء ث‬ٌٛٙ‫ذ ِجبضش " ا‬٠‫"رجش‬
" ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ب ا‬ٙ١‫ٓ ثشَّدد ث‬٠‫ثًذ‬ٚ
Split Package
ٗ‫اي‬ٛٔ‫أ‬ٚ i.e. 4 components in the
Mini , concealed , same package
central split ٗ‫اي‬ٛٔ‫أ‬ٚ
Window ,central package
ٞ‫ف اٌّشوض‬١١‫ أٔهّخ ٌٍزى‬3 ٞ‫ أٔب يٕذ‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ -
 central package
 central split
 Chilled water system
‫ “ انؼٕايم انحً ػهى أساسٓا تأخحار انُظاو انهى ْشحغم تٍّ ٌٔكٌٕ يُاسة نهًشزٔع‬selection factor “ ‫ٔفً ْذا انثُذ سُؼزف‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 2

Type “catalogue “
3- Air out lets Design “ location, number, type, size”
4- Duct design “ Duct Seizer ‫”ثبسزخذاَ ثشٔبِظ‬

Duct Type:-
Rectangular Circular
Duct " ‫" اٌػبط‬

Elbow " ‫و‬ٛ‫" اٌى‬
5- Duct construction Branch \ take off
Accessories: “volume, fire” damper
Duct weight: “manual, Excel “
6- Duct connections: ‫الد اٌػبط‬١‫غ‬ٛ‫ر‬
7- Duct test: “smoke, light” Test
8- Duct insulation: “Types, Design”
Chilled water net work “GPM” ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫خ ا‬١ّ‫و‬
Circulation chilled water pump

[Design “flow ‘Q’, Head ‘H’ “, Pump set]
9- Chilled water system Balancing system, load variation system
Equipments [Chiller, circulation pump, FCU, AHU, Cooling tower]
10- Fans: [ Types, construction]

11- BMS: Building Manage System “design drawings, BOQ”
12- Ventilation: ‫خ‬٠ٛٙ‫اٌز‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 3
Design Package
1- Design Drawings
Grill: number for each size
2- BOQ “Bill Off Quantities”‫جذأل حصز انكًٍات‬ Pipes: length for each diameter
Duct: weight
Insulation: area
3- Specification ‫انًٕاصفات‬
:‫يهحٕظة‬
Advanced HVAC ‫ اي‬ٟ٘ contents ‫ اي‬ٝ‫ ف‬12 ُ‫ سل‬ٌٝ‫ إ‬9 ُ‫خ إٌمكخ سل‬٠‫ ِٓ ثذا‬-
‫زا‬ٙ‫ ٍِف ٍِؾك ث‬ٝ‫خ اٌخبغخ ثبٌطشػ سزُشفك ف‬١ّ١ّ‫ي اٌزػ‬ٚ‫ وً اٌغذا‬-
 ‫ٌخ‬ٛٙ‫ِبد ثس‬ًٌٍّٛ‫ب يٕذ إسزشعبو ا‬ٙ١ٌ‫و إ‬ٛ‫ّىٓ اٌشع‬٠ ‫ش‬١‫اٌطشػ ثؾ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 4

1- Load Estimation
*manual
. ٖ‫ ؽذ‬ٍٝ‫ ي‬ٞ‫ض ًِّبس‬١‫زُ ؽسبة األؽّبي ٌىً ؽ‬٠ -
1-1 Types of loads:
a) External loads [solar heat gain, transmittion heat gain]
b) Internal loads [people, lighting, equipments, miscellanies equip.]
c) Ventilation [ fresh air CFM ]
1-2 notes on comparison:
a)
Dry bulb temperature Wet bulb temperature
Tdb Twb
‫اء اٌغبفخ‬ٌٛٙ‫دسعخ ؽشاسح ا‬ ‫اء اٌشقجخ‬ٌٛٙ‫دسعخ ؽشاسح ا‬
‫سخ‬ٛ‫رًجش يٓ اٌؾشاسح اٌّؾس‬ٚ ‫رًجش يٓ اٌؾشاسح اٌىبِٕخ‬ٚ
“sensible heat “ “latent heat “
Humidity Twb ,Humidity Twb
b)
Humidity Ratio Relative Humidity
:‫ثخ‬ٛ‫ٔسجخ اٌشق‬ :‫خ‬١‫ثخ إٌسج‬ٛ‫اٌشق‬
‫اء‬ٛ٘ ً‫ وً سق‬ٝ‫د فًال ف‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫بٖ ا‬١ٌّ‫ٔسجخ ثخبس ا‬ ٖ‫ب‬١ِ ‫ ثخبس‬ٝ‫ ألػ‬ٍٝ‫د ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫بٖ ا‬١ٌّ‫ٔسجخ ثخبس ا‬
‫عبف‬ ٍّٗ‫اء ؽ‬ٌٛٙ‫ى ا‬١‫سزك‬٠
c)
ٞ‫و اٌؾًّ اٌؾشاس‬ٛٔ ٕٗ‫و اٌؾشاسح إٌبرغٗ ي‬ٛٔ
1- Solar Sensible
2- transmittion Sensible
3- internal “ people” Sensible, latent
4- internal “ lights” Sensible
5- internal “ equipments” Sensible
6- internal “misc. equipments” Sensible, latent
7- ventilation Sensible, latent
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 5

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 6

1-3 BTU Sheet
- Space name: ……………………………..
- Space location: ………………………….
- Indoor condition… “Based on application” human comfortable temperature; Tdb = 75°F Air at 50% RH
- out door condition: … “Based on project location” design condition {HAP, Ashrae, ‫الى األسغبد‬ِٛ}
Load sensible Latent

1-solar 
2-transmittion 
a)people  
b)light 
3-internal
c)equipment 
d)Misc. equip.  
R.S.H R.L.H
Room Sensible Heat Room Latent Heat
=ٞ‫ق د‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٌٍٝ‫و األسلبَ ا‬ّٛ‫ِغ‬ = ‫ق‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٌٍٝ‫ٓ ا‬١ّ‫و اٌشل‬ّٛ‫ِغ‬
4-ventilation  
O.A.S.H O.A.L.H
Outside Air Sensible Heat Outside Air Latent Heat
= ‫خ‬٠ٛٙ‫ ؽًّ اٌز‬ٝ‫ة ف‬ٛ‫ ِىز‬ٌٍٝ‫سلُ ا‬ = ‫خ‬٠ٛٙ‫ ؽًّ اٌز‬ٝ‫ة ف‬ٛ‫ ِىز‬ٌٍٝ‫سلُ ا‬
G.S.H G.L.H
Grand Sensible Heat Grand Latent Heat
= R.S.H + O.A.S.H = R.L.H + O.A.L.H
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 7

1-4 load estimation:

1-4-1 solar heat gain:
، " Walls " ‫خ‬١‫ائف اٌخبسع‬ٛ‫دٖ ٌٍؾ‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ْٛ‫ثزى‬ٚ ‫د آضًخ اٌطّس‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ِٓ ‫ األؽّبي إٌبرغخ‬ٟ٘ -
." Glass " ‫خ‬١‫افز اٌخبسع‬ٌٕٛ‫ا‬ٚ

‫ائف ال‬ٛ‫ اٌؾ‬ٍٝ‫يٕذ ؽسبثٕب ٌألؽّبي ي‬ٚ [ solar, transmittion] ْٛ‫ “ ثزى‬Walls” ‫ائف‬ٛ‫ اٌؾ‬ٍٝ‫ األؽّبي ي‬-
Qs,t ‫ْ ِغّى‬ٛٔ‫بً ِٓ لب‬٠ٛ‫ّب س‬ٙ‫زُ ؽسبث‬٠ ً‫ؽذٖ ث‬ٚ transmittion ‫ال ؽًّ اي‬ٚ ٖ‫ؽذ‬ٚ solar ‫ٔأخز ؽًّ اي‬
Qs  ً‫زؿؼ رٌه الؽمب‬١‫س‬ٚ
Qt Qs,t
- Solar heat gain through glass:

Qs = A* F * (Solar heat gain \ feet^2)
Where:
Qs BTU\hr
A area of glass window )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(
F solar heat gain factor
"‫ "اٌسزبئش‬curtains ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ glass type‫ اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫ًزّذ ي‬٠ٚ
: ‫كٍفٍة حساتّ ٔيؼزفة قًٍحة‬

)‫ّزخ‬١‫ٔكٍى ل‬ٚ ٞ‫ األضش‬ٝ‫ ف‬16 ‫ي‬ٚ‫ (ٔذخً عذ‬-: ‫خ ِزبؽخ‬٠‫ً اًٌّّبس‬١‫ اٌزفبغ‬ٌٛ -
-: ‫ش ِزبؽخ‬١‫خ غ‬٠‫ً اًٌّّبس‬١‫ اٌزفبغ‬ٌٛ -

-More safe: F= 1
- More applicable: F = 0.35
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 8

(Solar heat gain \ feet^2) )ٞ‫ األضش‬ٝ‫ ف‬15 ‫ي‬ٚ‫(ِٓ عذ‬

: ٍٝ‫ًزّذ ي‬٠ٚ -
- Location of the project “ latitude” ) ‫( خف اًٌشؼ‬
- Timing “ month, hour”
- Direction )‫خ‬٠‫ؽخ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٝ‫شِض ٌٍطَّبي ف‬٠ ٞ‫ُ اٌز‬ٙ‫ك اٌس‬٠‫ُؾذَد اإلرغبٖ يٓ اٌكش‬٠ٚ(
From table 15 we get the follow as standard for our design work:
direction Magnitude in BTU\hr

North 33
N-E 139
E 165
S-E 163
S-W 163
W 165
N-W 139
H 250
 ٞ‫ األضش‬ٝ‫ ف‬15 ‫ي‬ٚ‫خ ِٓ عذ‬١ّ١ّ‫ف اٌزػ‬ٚ‫أ اٌهش‬ٛ‫ أس‬ٍٝ‫رح ي‬ٛ‫ي ِأخ‬ٚ‫ اٌغذ‬ٝ‫* األسلبَ اٌسبثمخ ف‬
N-W N N-E
W E
S-W S S-E
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 9

1-4-2 Transmittion load:

transmittion ‫ٓ ٌؾًّ اٌـ‬١ٌ‫ٕ٘بن إؽزّب‬
Roof
transmittion only :ً‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬
Level 2
a) glass, ‫د ٌــ‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ْٛ‫ى‬١‫ث‬ٚ
Ceiling Partition
b) Partition"ٍٟ‫" ؽبئف داخ‬, ceiling"ٍٟ‫"سمف داخ‬, floor "‫خ‬١‫"أسؾ‬
Level 1
Wall Floor
solar & transmittion : ً‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬
a) wall "ٟ‫د ٌــ " ؽبئف خبسع‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ْٛ‫ى‬١‫ث‬ٚ
b) Roof "‫“سمف‬
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
transmittion only :ً‫ال‬ٚ‫أ‬
a) Glass:
Qt = A * U * ΔT
Where:
A area of glass window )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(
U over all heat transfer coefficient

‫خ خبِخ اٌضعبط‬١‫ي‬ٛٔ ٍٝ‫ًزّذ ي‬٠ٚ


-More safe: U= 1
- More applicable: U = 0.45
ΔT Temp. diff. = 29°F, for Egypt

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 10
b) Partition"ٍٟ‫" ؽبئف داخ‬, ceiling"ٍٟ‫"سمف داخ‬, floor "‫خ‬١‫"أسؾ‬
Qt = A * U * ΔT
Where:
A area of Partition, ceiling, floor )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(

-More safe: U= 1
- More applicable:
*partition U = 0.33
* Ceiling, floor U= 0.1: 0.2
ΔT
:ً‫ إحتماالت كما هى مىضح فى الجدول التال‬3 ‫لها‬
‫ف‬١‫اٌغبس ِى‬ ‫ف‬١‫ش ِى‬١‫اٌغبس غ‬ ًَّّ‫ُِؾ‬ٚ ‫ف‬١‫ش ِى‬١‫اٌغبس غ‬
ΔT = 0 ΔT= Tdb – Tdb ΔT= Tdb – Tdb
: ‫بشرط‬
- 2 spaces conditioned ‫ٌٍغبس‬ room= 75°F ‫ٌٍغبس‬ room= 75°F
with the same unit
- administration building Where: Where:
Tdb = Tdp”out” -10°F Tdb = Tdp”out"
‫ٌٍغبس‬ ‫ٌٍغبس‬
Where: Where:
Tdp”out” ‫ تعتمد على مىقع المشروع‬Tdp”out” ‫تعتمد على مىقع المشروع‬
‫ مثال لى مصر هتكىن‬، ‫فى أي دولة‬ ‫ مثال لى مصر هتكىن‬، ‫فى أي دولة‬
‫ثـ‬104°F ‫بـ‬104°F
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 11

solar & transmittion : ً‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬

a) wall "ٟ‫" ؽبئف خبسع‬
b) Roof "‫“سمف‬
Qs,t = A * U * ΔTeq
Where:
A area of wall or roof )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(
ΔTeq = Δteq + Δt correction

Where:
Δteq from table 20
Δt correction from table 20-a
... ‫دائم ًا ما ُنصمم على األسىأ‬
From table 20 we get the follow as standard for our design work for Δteq:
Condition Magnitude of Δteq

Exposed to sun “ wall & roof” 46
Covered with water “ roof only” 22
Sprayed “ roof only” 18
Shaded “ roof only” 14
Δt correction for Egypt = 12
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 12

1-4-3 internal loads:

1-4-3-1 people: ‘sensible, latent’
Qs = no. of person * sensible heat gain for each person

Ql = no. of person * latent heat gain for each person
Where:
- No. of person ٞ‫ ِٓ األضش‬ٚ‫خ أ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ُؾذد يذد األضخبظ ِٓ ا‬٠ -
From table 63 we get No. of person \ feet ^2 which it depends on type of application.
- Sensible, latent heat gain for each person:

It depends on type of application. From table 48
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1-4-3-2 light: ‘sensible’

:‫يبْ ِٓ أؽّبي اإلؾبئخ‬ٛٔ ‫ٕ٘بن‬
incandescent ‘normal’ lights Fluorescent lights
Light load = wattage * 3.4 Light load = wattage * 3.4 * 1.25
Locke @ table 49
: wattage light ‫ذ اٌـ‬٠‫* ٌزؾذ‬
1- Electrical drawing: lighting fixture ‫ ِٓ وٍّخ‬:‫ػ اإلٔبسح‬ٌٛ
2- Electrical engineer
3- Range ‘ Assumption’ :
Residential‫األياكٍ انسكٍُة‬ Malls ‫انًٕالت‬ Factories ‫انًصاَغ‬
20: 25 wattage\m^2 25: 30 wattage\m^2 35 wattage\m^2
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 13

1-4-3-3 Equipments: ‘sensible’
Qs = total wattage of equipments * 3.4

Where:
Qs BTU
>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>
1-4-3-4 Miscellanies Equipments: ‘sensible, latent’:
Locke @ table 50, 51, 52
:ٌٝ‫لذ لّسّذ اًٌّذاد إ‬ٚ ‫“ ٌىً ًِذح‬S, L” ًّ‫ اٌؾ‬ٟ‫ي رًك‬ٚ‫٘زٖ اٌغذا‬
Electrical burning ‘table 50’ Gas burning ‘table 51’
ٓ١ٌ‫ّب إؽزّب‬ٌٙٚ
- hooded ‘ "ً‫ربعبص ِضال‬ٛ‫ اٌج‬ٞ‫ب ضفبـ ص‬ٙ‫ل‬ٛ‫ِزشوت ف‬
- not hooded
. not hooded ‫ب ٌـ ؽبٌخ اٌــ‬ٍٙ‫ي اٌضالس و‬ٚ‫ اٌغذا‬ٝ‫دٖ ف‬ٛ‫ع‬ٌّٛ‫ُ ا‬١‫* اٌم‬
not hooded ‫ّخ اٌــ‬١‫ٔبخذ ل‬ٚ ٞ‫ي يبد‬ٚ‫ ٔذخً اٌغذا‬hooded ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌـ‬ٝ‫* ف‬
0.5 ٝ‫ب ف‬ٙ‫ٔؿشث‬ٚ
‫ضح ِكجخ‬ٙ‫ب ِص أع‬ٕٙ‫ٌى‬ٚ ‘S, L’ ٟ‫ رًك‬ٝ‫ضح اٌز‬ٙ‫ خبظ ثبألع‬: 52 ‫ي‬ٚ‫* اٌغذ‬
Qs = sum [sensible load for each equipments].

Ql = sum [latent load for each equipments].
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 14
1-4-4 Ventilation load:

Fresh air CFM
Return CFM supply CFM
Exhaust CFM no. of persons * CFM per person
Step (1): calculate Fresh air CFM from table 45 area * CFM per sq.feet
Step (2): calculate load from this air [Qs, Ql]
1) Qs = 1.08 * CFM * ΔT
Where:
Qs BTU\ hr
ΔT = [ Tdp)out – Tdp)in ] 29 = ) 75 – 104 ( ‫ِضالً ِػش‬
CFM from table 45
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2) Ql = 0.6 8 * CFM * (ΔGr \ lb)

Where:
Ql BTU\ hr
CFM from table 45
(ΔGr \ lb) "ً‫ثخ "سق‬ٛ‫فشق اٌشق‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 15

‫‪HVAC Course‬‬ ‫‪prepared by \ Eng.hosam eldin samir‬‬
‫] ‪(ΔGr \ lb) = [(ΔGr \ lb)out - (ΔGr \ lb)in‬‬

‫و‪١‬ف‪١‬خ ؽسبة ل‪ ُ١‬ؽذ‪ٚ‬د رٍه اًٌّبدٌخ‪:‬‬
‫ٔفزشؼ ِضالً إْ اٌّطش‪ٚ‬و اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ضغبي رػّ‪ ُ١‬يٍ‪ِٛ ٗ١‬ع‪ٛ‬د ف‪ِ ٟ‬ػش ‪،‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬أٔب يبسف إْ نش‪ٚ‬ف ِػش اٌخبسع‪١‬خ ٘‪ ٟ‬وبٌزبٌ‪Tdb)out = 104°F , at 52% RH ٟ‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬ذخً اٌخش‪٠‬كخ اٌس‪١‬ىش‪ِٚ‬زش‪٠‬خ اٌّ‪ٛ‬ع‪ٛ‬دح ف‪ ٟ‬غفؾخ سلُ ‪ 5‬ث‪ٙ‬زٖ اٌهش‪ٚ‬ف ‪Tdb)out = 104°F , at 52% RH‬‬
‫‪ِٕٙٚ‬ب ثذالٌخ اٌم‪ّ١‬ز‪ ٓ١‬اٌسبثمز‪ٔ ٓ١‬غ‪١‬ت اٌشق‪ٛ‬ثخ إٌسج‪١‬خ ٌٍخبسط ‪ٕ٘ٚ‬الل‪ٙ١‬ب = ‪165‬‬
‫‪(ΔGr \ lb)out = 165‬‬

‫‪ٚ‬أٔب يبسف إْ نش‪ٚ‬ف ِػش اٌذاخٍ‪١‬خ " ٌٍغشفٗ" ٘‪ ٟ‬وبٌزبٌ‪:ٟ‬‬
‫‪Tdb)in = 75°F , at 50% RH‬‬
‫‪ٔ -‬ذخً اٌخش‪٠‬كخ اٌس‪١‬ىش‪ِٚ‬زش‪٠‬خ اٌّ‪ٛ‬ع‪ٛ‬دح ف‪ ٟ‬غفؾخ سلُ ‪ 5‬ث‪ٙ‬زٖ اٌهش‪ٚ‬ف ‪Tdb)in = 75°F , at 50% RH‬‬
‫‪ِٕٙٚ‬ب ثذالٌخ اٌم‪ّ١‬ز‪ ٓ١‬اٌسبثمز‪ٔ ٓ١‬غ‪١‬ت اٌشق‪ٛ‬ثخ إٌسج‪١‬خ ٌٍذاخً "اٌغشفخ" ‪ٕ٘ٚ‬الل‪ٙ١‬ب =‪65‬‬
‫= ‪(ΔGr \ lb)in‬‬ ‫‪65‬‬
‫‪ِّٕٙٚ‬ب ‪٠‬زُ ؽسبة )‪(ΔGr \ lb‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 16‬‬

‫* انتهينا بفضل اهلل من كيفية حساب األحمال الحراية األربعة‬

:‫ ونسقط فيه األرقام اللى حسبناها كما يلي‬BTU Sheet ‫ ندخل بقا على الـ‬-
BTU Sheet
- Space name: ……………………………..
- Space location: ………………………….
- Indoor condition… “Based on application” human comfortable temperature; Tdb = 75°F Air at 50% RH
- out door condition: … “Based on project location” design condition {HAP, Ashrae, ‫الى األسغبد‬ِٛ}
Load sensible latent

1-solar 
2-transmittion 
a)people  
b)light 
3-internal
c)equipment 
d)Misc. equip.  
R.S.H R.L.H
Room Sensible Heat Room Latent Heat
=ٞ‫ق د‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٌٍٝ‫و األسلبَ ا‬ّٛ‫ِغ‬ = ‫ق‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٌٍٝ‫ٓ ا‬١ّ‫و اٌشل‬ّٛ‫ِغ‬
4-ventilation  
O.A.S.H O.A.L.H
Outside Air Sensible Heat Outside Air Latent Heat
= ‫خ‬٠ٛٙ‫ ؽًّ اٌز‬ٝ‫ة ف‬ٛ‫ ِىز‬ٌٍٝ‫سلُ ا‬ = ‫خ‬٠ٛٙ‫ ؽًّ اٌز‬ٝ‫ة ف‬ٛ‫ ِىز‬ٌٍٝ‫سلُ ا‬
G.S.H G.L.H
Grand Sensible Heat Grand Latent Heat
= R.S.H + O.A.S.H = R.L.H + O.A.L.H
Air conditioning capacity = G.S.H + G.L.H = 
TR ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زؾ‬١ٌ 12000 ٍٝ‫ ٔمسّٗ ي‬BTU\hr ٗ‫ؽذر‬ٚٚ ‫ش‬١‫كٍى سلُ وج‬١٘
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 17

1-5 Supply CFM:

1-5-1 By pass factor: ٟ‫ًِبًِ اٌزخك‬
fresh ‫اء اٌـ‬ٌٛٙ‫ ا‬ٌٟ‫جشد ِٓ إعّب‬٠ ‫ش ِب‬١‫ دخً ِٓ غ‬ٌٍٝ‫اء ا‬ٌٛٙ‫ُّضً ٔسجخ ا‬٠ -
" coil ‫الِس اٌـ‬٠ ٌُ ‫اء‬ٛ٘ " -
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1-5-2 Effective Sensible Heat Factor ‘ESHF’:
E S H F = (room sensible heat \ room total heat) + by pass factor
Where:
Room total heat ‘sensible + latent’
 ‫اٌخالغخ‬
E S H F = [(R.S.H + 0.1 O.A.S.H) \ (R.S.H + R.L.H + O.1 (O.A.S.H + O.A.L.H))]
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1-5-2 Temperature Apparatus Dew Point ‘TADP’: ٜ‫ْ إٌذ‬ٛ‫ٔمكخ رى‬
ً‫اء اٌذاخ‬ٌٛٙ‫ف ا‬ٚ‫ نش‬ٍٝ‫رًزّذ ي‬ٚ ، coil ‫ اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫س ي‬ٚ‫ب أصٕبء اٌّش‬ٌٙ ‫ي‬ٛ‫غ‬ٌٛ‫اء ا‬ٌٛٙ‫ى ا‬١‫سزك‬٠ ‫ ألً دسعخ ؽشاسح‬ٟ٘
ESHF ‫ّخ اٌـ‬١‫ي ثم‬ٚ‫زا اٌغذ‬ٌٙ ‫ي‬ٛ‫ك اٌذخ‬٠‫ يٓ قش‬65 ‫ي‬ٚ‫ ِٓ عذ‬TADP ٍٝ‫ ٔؾػً ي‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Supply CFM = [(R.S.H + 0.1 O.A.S.H) \ ((1.08 * 0.9) (Tdp in – TADP)]
CFM ٜ‫ب وّب سٕش‬ٙ١ٍ‫ًزّذ ي‬٠ ُ١‫وً اٌزػ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 18

2- Cooling cycle & Different HVAC Systems
2-1 cooling cycle:
Liquid Liquid
Expansion valve outdoor unit

Evaporator
Condenser
Indoor unit Compressor
Vapor vapor
Low pressure zone high pressure zone
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 19

2-2 HVAC Systems:

2-2-1 Types of HVAC Systems
Chilled water system D-X “ Direct Expansion”
ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫ أٔب ثشَّدد ا‬ًٕٝ٠ " ‫ف‬١‫س‬ٚ َ‫ٔسزخذ‬ " ‫ْ ِجبضشح‬ٛ٠‫ اٌفش‬ٍٝ‫ ي‬ٞ‫ًذ‬١‫اء ث‬ٌٛٙ‫ذ ِجبضش " ا‬٠‫"رجش‬
" ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ب ا‬ٙ١‫ٓ ثشَّدد ث‬٠‫ثًذ‬ٚ
Split Package
wall ٗ‫اي‬ٛٔ‫أ‬ٚ i.e. 4 components in the
ceiling Mini , central split, same package
free stand
concealed ٗ‫اي‬ٛٔ‫أ‬ٚ
Window ,central package
ducted unit ّٝ‫رس‬ٚ grill ‫ى ثـ‬٠‫ص‬ٛ‫زُ اٌز‬٠ٚ ‫ٔخ‬ٛ‫خ ِذف‬١ٍ‫ؽذح اٌذاخ‬ٌٛ‫ٌىٓ ا‬ٚ mini ٛ٘ -
Ducted
ٟٔ‫ٓ اٌسمف اٌخشسب‬١‫ "ٔسزخذَ اٌّسبفخ ث‬free return return ‫ْ اٌـ‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫ لذ‬-
duct ‫ب اٌـ‬ٙٔ‫اٌسمف اًٌٍّك وأ‬ٚ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-2 comparison between central package & central split:

central package central split
Disadvantage: Advantage:
- required additional space for duct - don’t required additional space for
risers duct risers
- no separate control - separate control
Advantage: Disadvantage:
- easier in installation - high cost for refrigerant pipes “pipes,
- no oil trap is required welding, test, insulation”
- oil trap is required
" S ‫ئخ ؽشف اٌـ‬١٘ ٍٝ‫سح ي‬ٛ‫ْ " ِبس‬ٛ‫ف‬١‫ س‬S ٓ‫يجبسح ي‬
‫خ‬١‫ؽذٖ اٌخبسع‬ٌٛ‫ذ اٌخبظ ثب‬٠‫ذ اٌزجش‬٠‫د ص‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ْ‫ٌؿّب‬
ٖ‫ؽذ‬ٌٍٛ ‫شة‬ٙ٠ ٚ‫ٕضي أ‬٠ ‫ال‬ٚ ٌٗ ‫ضٖ اٌّخػع‬١‫داخً ؽ‬
‫خ‬١ٍ‫اٌذاخ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 20

2-2-3 Factor affecting for selection:

2-2-3a Block load ‘full project load’:
required System Available Full load
Window & mini split 7 TR
Concealed 7: 15 TR
Central ‘ package, split’ 15: 70 TR
Chiller > 70 TR
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3b Capital cost: ‫ف اإلٔطبء‬١ٌ‫رىب‬

L.E per TR
Window mini concealed central package central split chiller
1000 1500 2000 3000 3500 4500

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3c Running cost: ً١‫ف اٌزطغ‬١ٌ‫رىب‬

L.E per TR
Window mini concealed central package central split chiller
ٍٝ‫أغ‬ ‫أسخع‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3d Available duct space:

‘ central package, central split’ ‫ ٌــ‬ٞ‫بس‬١‫ٓ إخز‬١‫ رؾسُ اٌّمبسٔخ ث‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2-3e previous design:

َ‫ُفؿً ٔىًّ ثٕفس إٌهب‬١‫ ف‬ٌٝٚ‫ٓ ٌٍّشؽٍخ األ‬١ًِ َ‫ش ٔهب‬١‫اخز‬ٚ ًً‫و لذ ثذأ ثبٌف‬ٚ‫ يٕذ اسزىّبي ِطش‬-
ُ٠‫ُفؿً أعذد ثٕفس إٌهبَ اٌمذ‬٠ ‫و‬ٚ‫ذ ِطش‬٠‫ ؽبٌخ رغذ‬ٟ‫ؿبً ف‬٠‫أ‬ٚ
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 21
2-3 load control system:

: ‫ أٔهّخ‬3 ‫ك‬٠‫زُ يٓ قش‬٠
CAV VAV VRV
Constant Air Volume Variable Air Volume Variable Refrigerant
system system Volume
‘chilled water system’ - control in air flow compressor ‫ ؽبٌخ‬ٟ‫رُسزخذَ ف‬
‫خ‬١ّ‫ٌىٓ و‬ٚ ‫اء صبثزخ‬ٌٛٙ‫خ ا‬١ّ‫ و‬- damper ‫ك‬٠‫يٓ قش‬ ‫ؽذح‬ٚ ‫ٗ وزا‬١ٍ‫غً ي‬ٛ‫ِز‬ٚ ‫اؽذ‬ٚ
‫شح‬١‫بٖ ِزغ‬١ٌّ‫ا‬ ‫خ‬١ٍ‫داخ‬
:‫ة‬ٛ١‫ٌىٓ ٌٗ ي‬ٚ
- control in chilled damper ‫ْ اٌـ‬ٛ‫ى‬١‫ اٌزؾىُ ث‬-
water flow ‫ؾبء‬ٛ‫ُؾذس ؾ‬٠ ٛ٘ٚ ‫اء‬ٌٍٛٙ
‫رؾزبط‬ٚ ‫خ‬١‫ى‬١ٔ‫ىب‬١ِ ‫ب لكًخ‬ٙٔ‫أل‬
‫شح‬١‫بٔخ وض‬١‫ غ‬ٌٝ‫ؿبً إ‬٠‫أ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 22

3- Air out lets

3-1 functions of air out lets:
Its function is; diffusion for air inside the space.
- Air out lets called “diffuser, air terminals “
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-2 types of air out lets:

- Colure, Shape ‫ؾذد٘ب‬١‫ ث‬ٞ‫اًٌّّبس‬
3-2-1 ceiling diffuser ‫ اٌسمف اًٌٍّك‬ٝ‫ب ف‬ٙ‫ج‬١‫زُ رشو‬٠

‫ ِذاخً اٌغشف‬ٝ‫رشوت ف‬ٚ ، ‫ب‬ِٙ‫ أِب‬ٝ‫اء أفم‬ٛ٘ ‫ثزؾذف‬
3-2-2 linear grill ٗ‫ ِىبْ ث‬ٍٝ‫ؽٗ ي‬ٛ‫ِفز‬ٚ ‫ب سمف ًٍِك‬ٙ‫س ث‬١ٌ ٝ‫اٌز‬
"‫سمف ًٍِك " غشف اٌفٕبدق‬
3-2-3 jet diffuser َ 4 ِٓ ٍٝ‫ب أي‬ٙ‫ سمف‬ٌٍٝ‫رشوت ٌألِبوٓ ا‬
3-2-4 fresh air lover ‫الد‬ٛ‫ غشف ِؾ‬، ‫اة " ٌٍؾّبِبد‬ٛ‫رشوت أسفً األث‬
"‫شثبء‬ٙ‫اٌى‬
3-2-5 exhaust air valve ْ‫ ِكبثخ " ٌؿّبْ إ‬، ‫اء " ؽّبِبد‬ٌٛٙ‫رشوت ٌطفف ا‬
‫خ‬١ّ‫اء ثٕفس اٌى‬ٛ٘ ‫ ثزطفف‬grill ً‫و‬
* Exhaust air ‫نأخذه من الحمام والمطبخ‬
: ‫ومميزات ذلك‬
exhaust air ‫تحقيق أقصى استفاده من‬-
‫تجديد الهواء داخل التواليت أو المطبخ وهذا بمثابة تهوية لهما‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 23

3-3 factors ‘roles’ affecting air out lets design:

3-3-1 types of ceiling: ‫و اٌسمف اًٌٍّك‬ٛٔ
:"‫يبْ ِٓ اٌسمف اٌسبلف " اًٌٍّك‬ٛٔ ‫ٕ٘بن‬
3-3-1a ceiling tiles: ‫ثالقبد‬
‫غخ‬ٛ‫ ) ث‬24 * 24 ( ، cm ) 60 * 60 ( ‫ اٌّمبط إٌّزطش‬-
Neck area "‫س‬ٚ‫"ِسبؽخ اٌض‬
Effective area " ‫ص‬٠‫ٓ اٌش‬١‫اء ث‬ٌٛٙ‫ب ا‬ِٕٙ ‫ٕضي‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫و اٌّسبؽخ ا‬ّٛ‫“ِغ‬ Register "‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ى ا‬٠‫ص‬ٛ‫ ر‬ٍٝ‫ص رسبيذ ي‬٠‫“س‬
Face area "‫خ‬١‫“اٌّسبؽخ اٌسكؾ‬
Ex:
- Grill 24 * 24 “face area”
- Grill 18 * 18 “neck area”
: ‫نخ‬ٛ‫ٍِؾ‬
inch 3 ~ face ‫اٌـ‬ٚ neck ‫ٓ اٌـ‬١‫ اٌّسبفخ ث‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-1b gypsum pored: ‫خ‬١‫اػ اٌغجس‬ٌٛ‫األ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 24

3-3-2 CFM for each air out let :

CFM each air terminal = (total CFM \ no. of air terminal)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-3 size of grill

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-4 noise level:

Max. Accurate sound
db 32 = ًٟ١‫د اٌكج‬ٛ‫اٌػ‬
db 48 = ًٟ١‫د اٌكج‬ٛ‫ اٌػ‬: ‫الد‬ٌّٛ‫ ا‬ٝ‫ف‬
: size ‫اٌــ‬ٚ ، CFM each air terminal ‫ ثــ‬ceiling diffuser ‫ي اٌــ‬ٚ‫ ثٕذخً عذا‬-
. ٗ‫ػ ث‬ّٛ‫ اٌؾذ اٌّس‬ٌٝ‫ أْ ٔػً إ‬ٌٝ‫ إ‬size ‫ش اٌــ‬١‫ ٔغ‬ٌٟ‫ يب‬Nc ‫د‬ٛ‫ اٌػ‬ٌٛ
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-3-5 air through:
X = (3\4) L
Where:
X ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ؽذفخ ا‬
L ........... Grill ‫ٓ اٌــ‬١‫اٌّسبفخ ث‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 25

3-4 air out lets design:

: ٓ١‫مز‬٠‫ٕ٘بن قش‬
Reflected ceiling plane Architectural plane
RCP
‫ ٔؾست األؽّبي‬- ‫ك‬٠‫ ٘زٖ اٌؾبٌخ ٔػُّ يٓ قش‬ٝ‫ ف‬-
CFM ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫خ ا‬١ّ‫ ٔؾست و‬- noise ‫ اٌــ‬ّٕٝ‫ؾى‬٠ ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ٚ ‫اٌفشؼ‬
: RCP ‫ اٌـ‬ٟ‫ ف‬- ٖ‫اؽذ‬ٚ grill ‫ب‬ٙٔ‫ ٔجذأ ثفشؼ أ‬-
‫ؽخ‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ ف‬Grill ‫ يذد اٌـ‬ٟ‫ًك‬١‫ث‬ ‫د‬ٚ‫ ٔض‬noise ً‫ؽػ‬ٚ ‫ي‬ٚ‫ دخٍذ اٌغذ‬ٌٛ -
ٞ‫اًٌّّبس‬ noise ‫ف اٌـ‬ٛ‫ٔط‬ٚ grill ‫اٌـ يذد ٌـ‬
CFM each air terminal ‫ ٔؾست اٌـ‬- ...‫٘ىزا‬ٚ
RCP ‫ اٌــ‬ٝ‫ ِؾذد ف‬size ‫ اٌـ‬-
CFM each air terminal ‫ي ثـ‬ٚ‫ ٔذخً اٌغذا‬-
‫٘ىزا‬ٚ ‫د‬ٛ‫ٔجذأ ٔخزجش اٌػ‬ٚ Size ‫ِى اٌـ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 26

4- Duct design “ Duct Seizer ‫”ثبسزخذاَ ثشٔبِظ‬

4-1 Duct Type: - width
Depth
Rectangular Circular
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ش ف‬ٙ‫ه‬١٘ ‫ ِص‬depth ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ة ف‬ٍٛ‫ يٍّٕب ِس‬ٌٛ Rectangular ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌــ‬ٝ‫ ف‬-
-: ً‫ش؛ وّب ثبٌطى‬١‫ رغ‬depth ‫ سلُ اٌـ‬ٟ‫ ٌىٓ ٕ٘الل‬plane
W D W D
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
plane ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ش ف‬ٙ‫ه‬١٘ width ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ة ف‬ٍٛ‫ يٍّٕب ِس‬ٌٛ Rectangular ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌــ‬ٝ‫ ف‬-
-:ً‫زا اٌطى‬ٙ‫ث‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 27

4-2 The factors which affected on design of ducts:

1- CFM
2- Size “ W * D” , “diameter”
3- Velocity “V”
4- Friction “f”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-3 Rules of duct sizing selection:
‫ش‬١‫شاٌجًذاٌػغ‬١‫اٌجًذاٌىج‬
4-3-1 Aspect Ratio “A.R” =
Aspect Ratio duct weight heat losses

‫ صُ اٌّجكف‬square ‫ثًذ٘ب‬ٚ round ‫او اٌـ‬ٛٔ‫ أفؿً األ‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
depth ‫اٌـ‬ٚ width ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫خ رفؿً ف‬١‫ع‬ٚ‫ األثًبد اٌض‬2-3-4
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ لبيذح اٌمكى‬3-3-4
D2 > D1 َ‫ الص‬-
D1 = D2 ∴ Tee ‫غٍخ‬ٚ ًًّٕ٘ ٌٛ -
- The role is: D1 > D2 ≅ 2”

main ‫ ثزبو اٌـ‬depth ‫مكى اٌـ‬١‫ ث‬branch ‫ ثزبو اٌـ‬width ‫ فمف ألْ اٌـ‬depth ‫ اًٌاللخ خبغخ ثـ‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 28

4-3-4 Reduction: ‫لبيذح اٌسٍت‬
.ٖ‫اؽذ‬ٚ ‫ ؽبعخ‬ٝ‫ْ ف‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ‫فؿً اٌسٍت‬٠ -

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
4-4 steps of design:

4-4-1 load estimation TR CFM
4-4-2 air out lets design CFM for each grill
4-4-3 design drawing single line from ACU to air out lets “simple, symmetrical”
4-4-4 calculate CFM in each duct section
4-4-5 use the Duct Sizer program
4-4-6 constant friction
4-4-7 @ each section by “CFM, f” we get sizing
Note that:
*@ van which is nearest to compressor;
- max. Velocity 1200 fpm.
- CFM = total CFM
- By max. Velocity, total CFM; we get duct sizing friction
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 29

‫ِالؽهبد يٕذ اسزخذاَ ثشٔبِظ اٌـ ‪duct sizer‬‬
‫‪ٔ -1‬غ‪١‬ش اٌهش‪ٚ‬ف د‪ ِٓ ٞ‬اإلخز‪١‬بساد ‪ٔٚ‬خٍ‪ٙ١‬ب‬

‫‪75°F Air at 50% RH and 1 atm‬‬
‫‪ٕ٘ -2‬فزشؼ إْ يٕذٔب ‪ CFM 500‬خبسع‪ ِٓ ٓ١‬اٌّىٕخ ‪ٕ٘ ،‬ىزج‪ ُٙ‬ف‪ ٝ‬خبٔخ اٌـ ‪Flow‬‬
‫‪ rate‬صُ ٔىزت ف‪ ٝ‬خبٔخ اٌـ ‪ 1200 velocity‬وّب ٘‪ِ ٛ‬ج‪ ٓ١‬ثبٌطىٍ‪ ٓ١‬اٌزبٌ‪.ٓ١١‬‬
‫‪٘ -3‬الل‪ ٝ‬ن‪ٙ‬ش يٕذ‪ ٞ‬سلُ ف‪ ٝ‬خبٔخ اٌـ ‪ head loss‬اٌٍ‪ ٛ٘ ٝ‬ف‪ِ ٝ‬ضبٌٕب دا ‪، 0.276‬‬
‫٘ؾفم اٌشلُ دا و‪٠ٛ‬س عذا ‪.‬‬
‫‪ ًٍُِّٔ- 5‬يٍ‪ ٝ‬خبٔخ اٌـ ‪ head loss‬ثؿغف ثبٌّب‪ٚ‬ط ‪٘ ،‬الل‪ ٝ‬األسلبَ ارّسؾذ وّب ٘‪ٛ‬‬
‫ِج‪ ٓ١‬ثبٌطىً اٌزبٌ‪ .ٟ‬صُ ٔىزت ف‪ٙ١‬ب اٌشلُ اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ؽفهٕبٖ ‪ٚ 0.276‬ثزٌه ٔى‪ ْٛ‬لذ لّٕب‬
‫ثزضج‪١‬ذ اٌـ ‪ friction‬وّب ٘‪ِ ٛ‬ج‪ ٓ١‬ف‪ ٝ‬اٌػفؾخ اٌزبٌ‪١‬خ‪.‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 30‬‬
 ٟٔ‫ رب‬500 ‫ب‬ٙ‫ ٔشعى ٔىزج‬، ‫شد‬١‫ ارغ‬flow rate ‫ّخ اٌـ‬١‫ اٌطىً اٌسبثك اْ ل‬ٝ‫ الؽم ف‬-5
Equivalent diameter ‫ب‬ٍٙ‫ لج‬ٌٍٝ‫ اٌخبٔخ ا‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٝ‫ لجً اٌشلُ اًٌّك‬ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬ٟ‫ع‬ٚ‫ اٌشلُ اٌض‬Duct size ‫ ٌـ‬ٌٝٚ‫ اٌخبٔخ األ‬ٝ‫ ٔىزت ف‬-6
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 31

𝐷𝑚𝑎𝑖𝑛 < 𝐷branch ≅ 2" َ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌمكى الص‬ٝ‫ ف‬-7

. ‫ وبرت غؼ‬ٝٔ‫ يٕذ اٌىزبثخ إ‬ٟ‫ٔشاي‬ٚ D ً‫فؿً أل‬٠ٚ D ‫ ؽبٌخ اٌسٍت الصَ أصجذ‬ٝ‫ ف‬-8
.ِٕٗ‫ أوجش‬ٟ‫ع‬ٚ‫ ألشة سلُ ص‬ٌٝ‫ ؛ ٔمشثٗ إ‬ٞ‫ ثشلُ فشد‬Duct size ٌٝ ‫ قٍى‬ٌٛ -9
.9،8،7 ‫ فقط ٔأراػً انُقطة‬flow rate ‫ ْذخم فى انثزَايج انـ‬Section ‫ تؼذ كذا ػُذ أي‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ex1:-
CFM 500 ‫ب‬ٌٙ grill ً‫و‬ٚ ً‫ وّب ثبٌطى‬Grill ‫ى اٌـ‬٠‫ص‬ٛ‫وبْ ر‬ٚ ْ‫ ِىب‬ٞ‫ ِىٕخ ثزغز‬ٞ‫ يٕذ‬-
- Design drawing single line from ACU to air out lets “simple, symmetrical”
- calculate CFM in each duct section
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 32

- use the Duct Sizer program
- Constant friction
- @ each section by “CFM, f” we get sizing

‫ سجك روش٘ب يٕذ اسزخذاَ اٌجشٔبِظ‬ٝ‫ اٌز‬9 ‫ك اٌّالؽهبد اٌـ‬١‫ ِى ركج‬-
16*12 ٍٝ‫ٕب أْ ٔػُّ ي‬١ٍ‫ٌىٓ اٌسمف اٌسبلف أثًبدٖ لذ رؾىُ ي‬ٚ Aspect Ratio‫ يٍطبْ اٌـ‬14*14 ْٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ األفؿً أ‬16*12 ‫اٌجًُذ‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ex2:
700 CFM for each air out let:
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 33

- Design drawing single line from AHU to air out lets “simple, symmetrical”
- calculate CFM in each duct section

‫ فى انثالخ اججاْات‬depth ‫ ٔفٍّ ٌحى جثثٍث انـ‬split " ٌٕ‫ْذا انجزء نٍس تقطغ ٔال سهة ٔإًَا ْٕ " رجم تُطه‬
- use the Duct Sizer program
- Constant friction
- @ each section by “CFM, f” we get sizing

‫ سجك روش٘ب يٕذ اسزخذاَ اٌجشٔبِظ‬ٝ‫ اٌز‬9 ‫ك اٌّالؽهبد اٌـ‬١‫ ِى ركج‬-
‫ْ " يٕذ ٘زا اٌغضء‬ٍٛ‫د " سعً ثٕك‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ‫ِى ِشايبح‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 34

-: ً‫زا اٌطى‬ٙ‫ْ ث‬ٛ‫ى‬١٘ ‫∴ ؽً اٌّضبي‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
 ‫ؽً اٌّضبي دا ثٕفسه ثمب‬
M for each grill 600
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 35

5- Duct construction :
5-1 Volume damper:
duct ‫غٍٗ ثضساو خبسط اٌـ‬ٛ‫ص ِز‬٠‫ يجبسٖ يٓ س‬-
5-1-1 Function:
- Balance for air quantities inside duct network
- Equalizing to friction or pressure drop in all baths
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-1-2 Type of volume damper:
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 36

5-1-3 Location volume damper:

- Supply ducts at entering of each branch.
‫ ِذخً وً فشو‬ٍٝ‫ ي‬ٜ‫ اٌػبط اٌّغز‬ٝ‫ف‬

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-1-4 Smacna cad standard: ‫ػ‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫ضىٍٗ ي‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Note that:
‫ اٌسمف اًٌٍّك‬ٝ‫ك فزؾٗ ف‬٠‫ب يٓ قش‬ٍٙ‫غً ٌٗ ثًذِب اسوت اٌطجىٗ و‬ٚ‫ ايشف ا‬volume damper ‫ الصَ اٌـ‬-
. ‫ص‬٠‫ اٌش‬ٝ‫ذ اٌّزؾىّٗ ف‬١ٌ‫ ا‬ٌٝ‫رػً ا‬
- Volume damper must be accessible BY access panel from air outlet.
Because of:
Testing & commissioning

TAB ُ٘ ‫خ‬١ًٌٍّ‫ي يٓ ٘زٖ ا‬ٛ‫ اٌّسئ‬-
Testing & Balancing & Adjustment

“‫بد االخزجبس‬١ٍّ‫”ي‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 37

5-2 fire damper: “smoke damper”

ٍٝ‫ؿغف ي‬٠ Spring ٗ١‫دائّب ف‬ٚ "‫ آوس‬ٍٝ‫ف ي‬ٛ‫ ثبة اٌذوبْ اٌٍّف‬ٜ‫ب ثبة" ص‬ٙ‫يجبسٖ يٓ يٍجٗ ث‬
‫زُ اغالق‬١‫س اٌذخبْ ف‬ٚ‫ش ثّش‬ٙ‫بس رٕػ‬ٙ‫غٍٗ لبثٍٗ ٌالٔػ‬ٚ ‫د‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ًّٕٗ١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫ٌىٓ ا‬ٚ ٌٗ‫ٕض‬١ٌ ‫اٌجبة‬
spring ‫اسكخ اٌـ‬ٛ‫اٌجبة ث‬
‫ك‬٠‫ ؽبٌخ اٌؾش‬ٝ‫د دخبْ ف‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ِٓ ٗ‫خ اٌطجى‬٠‫ ؽّب‬:ٗ‫فز‬١‫ن‬ٚٚ
Return branchٍٝ‫جٗ ي‬١‫زُ رشو‬٠ٚ

‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫شف‬١‫ك" ارا رُ اٌزىس‬٠‫ائف ؾذ اٌؾش‬ٛ‫" "ؽ‬Fire rated wall"ٗ١ٍ‫ب ِىبْ اخش ٔشوجٗ ي‬ٌٙٚ
Duct ‫ي اٌـ‬ٛ‫ؽ‬ٚ )‫ة ِضال‬ٚ‫ش‬ٌٙ‫ ثزبيٕب (سٍُ ا‬duct ‫ "ٔخزشق" اٌـ‬ٜ‫ ٌىٓ ًٔذ‬Fire rated wall
Fire damper ‫ٖ ثٕشوت‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ Fire sealant material ‫ب‬ّٙ‫ثٕشوت ِبدٖ اس‬
‫ػ‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫سِضٖ ي‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Note that:
- Return CFM is from supply CFM for the same space.
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-3 Branch “take off”:
flow ‫خ اٌـ‬١‫ ِٓ ٔبؽ‬curve ٝ‫ثزجم‬
 X
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 38

5-4 Reducer: ‫ة‬ٍٛ‫اٌّس‬

.‫ثًذ٘ب أسٍت‬ٚ duct ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ سُ ف‬10 ‫ت‬١‫ الصَ ٔس‬:ّ‫ يٕقؼ‬-
-Its location: After 10cm from the branch take off
- Its length:
L= 4(W1 – W2)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
5-5 Elbow:‫و‬ٛ‫اٌى‬
Guide vanes ٗ١‫ع‬ٛ‫ص ر‬٠‫اٌؾً ٔشوت س‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 39

Design of Guide vanes: from table as shown
‫ٍف‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬width ‫جك اٌـ‬٠ plane ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫شد ف‬ٙ‫ اٌٍفٗ ن‬ٌٛ ‫ٍف ؛‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫ي ثبٌجًُذ ا‬ٚ‫ثٕذخً اٌغذ‬
riser ّٝ‫س‬٠ٚ ‫ ٔضي رؾذ‬ٚ‫ق أ‬ٛ‫ قٍى ف‬depth ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ ‫شرص‬ٙ‫ ِه‬ٌٛ ‫؛‬
Table of Guide vanes
Depth for the elbow No. of Guide vanes
Up to 10” No Guide vanes
12” : 16” one Guide vanes
16” : 24” two Guide vanes
More than 24” three Guide vanes
Ex:
1 2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 40

‫‪ٌ -‬زؾذ‪٠‬ذ لكش اٌـ ‪Guide vanes‬‬
‫‪Where:‬‬
‫‪Rt‬‬ ‫) ”‪throat radius ( 3” : 6‬‬
‫‪RH‬‬ ‫‪Heel radius‬‬ ‫‪width‬‬
‫‪RH= Rt +‬‬ ‫‪or‬‬ ‫يٍ‪ ٝ‬ؽست ِ‪ ٓ١‬اٌٍ‪ٌ ٝ‬ف وّب سجك‬
‫‪Depth‬‬
‫‪ -‬وذا أٔب يٕذ‪ٓ١ًٍِِٛ Rt ، RH ٞ‬‬
‫ًٌّشفخ اٌجبل‪ٔ ٟ‬ذخً اٌخش‪٠‬كخ اٌزبٌ‪١‬خ ‪-:‬‬

‫قش‪٠‬مخ اسزخذاَ اٌخش‪٠‬كخ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬أض‪ٛ‬ف أٔب يٕذ‪ ٞ‬وبَ ‪ٚ Guide vanes‬أثذأ أفزشؼ اٌـ ‪ٚ Rt‬أؽست ِٕ‪ٙ‬ب اٌـ ‪ RH‬صُ ٔ‪ٛ‬غً ث‪ ُٕٙ١‬ثخف‬
‫يٍ‪ ٝ‬اٌخش‪٠‬كخ ‪ٚ‬رمبقً‪ِ ُٙ‬ى خك‪ٛ‬ـ يذد اٌـ ‪ ٛ٘ Guide vanes‬ل‪ّ١‬خ ‪… ، R2 ،R1‬‬
‫‪٘ٚ‬ىزا …‬ ‫ًِٕب٘ب اٌش‪٠‬طخ اٌضبٔ‪١‬خ ِٓ إعّبٌ‪ ٟ‬صالس س‪٠‬ص‬ ‫ًِٕب٘ب اٌش‪٠‬طخاأل‪ ِٓ ٌٝٚ‬إعّبٌ‪ ٟ‬صالس س‪٠‬ص‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 41‬‬

5-6 Canvas:
Return ‫اٌـ‬ٚ Supply ‫ ِذخً اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫ ي‬AHU ‫يجبسٖ يٓ لكًخ رػٕى ِٓ اٌمّبش رشوت ثًذ‬
( To prevent Horizontal Vibration( AHU ‫س ا٘زضاص ثـ‬ٚ‫ٌّٕى ؽذ‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
construction element ٌٝ‫ رُٕمً ا‬Vertical Vibration ٛ٘ٚ ‫و آخش ِٓ اإل٘زضاصاد‬ٛٔ ‫عذ‬ٛ٠ -
‫ب‬ٙ‫ًٌالع‬
Floating floor spring cup Rubber bad
ٍٝ‫َ ي‬ٛ‫ؾى قجمٗ ِٓ اٌف‬ٚ ُ‫ز‬٠ springٍٝ‫ ي‬AHU ًّ‫ٔؾ‬ Rubber badٍٝ‫ ي‬AHU ًّ‫ٔؾ‬
‫ صُ ٔػت قجمخ‬ٝٔ‫اٌسكؼ اٌخشسب‬
AHU ‫ب‬ٙ١ٍ‫ ٔؾًّ ي‬ٜ‫خشسبٔٗ اخش‬
)ُ٠‫(سمف يب‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 42

6- Duct test: “smoke, light” Test
Smoke Test light Test

ٗ‫ٖ اٌطجى‬ٛ‫ٔؿغكٗ ع‬ٚ ْ‫ت دخب‬١‫ ٔغ‬- :ٗ‫ث‬ٛ١‫ي‬-
fire damper ‫ْ ؽشاسٖ يٍطبْ اٌـ‬ٚ‫ْ ثذ‬ٍِٛ ‫اء‬ٛ٘ 1- fall darkness ‫الصَ نالَ داِس‬
:ٗ‫ث‬ٛ١‫ ي‬- 2- Test to be done for separate straight
- Network branches need to be closes duct.
3- when silica used it must be opaque
before test.
- Smoke equipment to be provides
In case of leakage ‫ت‬٠‫ ؽبٌخ اٌزسش‬ٝ‫ف‬

- Reconstruction or used Silica (opaque or Transparent)
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
In case of no leakage
Contractor consultant
WIR Work inspection Request
‫ص‬١‫لى يٍطبْ ٔزى‬ٛ٠ ٜ‫ٓ االسزطبس‬١‫ِؾزبع‬ٚ ‫اخزجشٔب‬ٚ ‫ًِٕب٘ب خٍػٕب‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 43

7- Duct insulation: “Types, Design”

7-1 Sound insulation
- In supply Duct branch.
- In return Duct branch.
- Elbow
* Sound insulation is in side duct.
Duct ‫ً اٌـ‬١‫خ رمف‬١ٍّ‫رزُ لجً ي‬ٚ Arm flex ‫ػٕى ِٓ ِبدح‬٠ -
** Its Function is damping sound level

It from 1cm to 3cm
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
7-2 Heat insulation:
- For the whole network ‫ب‬ٍٙ‫ٌٍطجىٗ و‬
* Heat insulation is outside the duct
Fiber glass ‫رػٕى ِٓ اٌـ‬ٚ Duct installation ‫ رزُ ثًذاٌـ‬-
** Its Function is:

- Decrease heat transfer.
- Prevent water vapor condensation on the outer duct surface.
‫ٗ ألْ ثًذ ِب‬١ٔ‫فٗ اٌضب‬١‫ن‬ٌٍٛ Return ‫ثًٕضي اٌـ‬ٚ ٓ١‫فز‬١‫ن‬ٌٍٛ Supply ‫ ثًٕضي اٌـ‬-
.‫ل ِٕه‬ٛ‫ب ٘زج‬١ٔ‫اٌذ‬ٚ ‫ اٌسمف‬ٍٝ‫ٕمف ِبء ي‬٠ ‫جذا‬١٘ Duct ‫ اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫زىضف ثخبس اٌّبء ي‬٠
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 44

*** Density of Heat insulation:

𝑐𝑚3 ً‫صْ ٌى‬ٌٛ‫رّضً ا‬
Density
𝑘𝑔
12 𝑚3
24 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3 48 𝑘𝑔
𝑚3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
**** Thickness of Heat insulation:
1” 2” 4”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Duct insulation
In door duct outdoor duct
‫ف‬١‫ض ِى‬١‫ ؽ‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٜ‫ًذ‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫اٌػبط ا‬- - duct is on roof or shaft
Air condition region
- Density 24 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
𝑘𝑔 - Thickness 2”
- Density 12 𝑚3
- Thickness 1”
ٖ‫ اٌجالد اٌؾبس‬ٝ‫ف‬ٚ-
- Density 48 𝑘𝑔 𝑚3
- Thickness 4”
) ‫ ( انًؼزض نهشًس‬outdoor duct ‫ثًًّٕ ٌـ‬ٚ
)‫ي اًٌضي‬ٛ‫ (غبط ِغٍفٓ ؽ‬Cladding
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 45

‫‪***** Duct insulation steps‬‬
‫‪ِ - 1‬بدٖ الغمٗ ٔذ٘ٓ ث‪ٙ‬ب اٌػبط " وٍَُّٗ " ‪foster‬‬
‫‪٠ - 2‬زُ ٌف اًٌضي يٍ‪ ٝ‬عسُ اٌػبط ِٓ اٌـ ‪ 4‬ع‪ٛ‬أت ‪ٚ‬لجً ِب ٔمكى‬
‫ٔذوذ اْ ِف‪١‬ص ٔمكخ ؾًف ف‪ ٝ‬اًٌضي‬ ‫ٔس‪١‬ت ‪ 5‬سُ ص‪٠‬بدٖ يٍطبْ أ‬
‫‪over lap‬‬
‫اي ‪ 5‬سُ ‪duct tape:‬‬‫‪ - 3‬الغك ثٗ سٍه ص‪ ٜ‬اٌس‪١ٌٛ‬زت ثٍٕػك ثٗ اٌغضء ـ‬
‫‪ٌّٚ- 4‬ب ٔجذأيضي اٌغضء اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ثًذ٘ب ثٕذخً يٍ‪ٙ١‬ب‪ 5‬سُ ف‪ٛ‬ق اًٌضي اٌمذ‪ُ٠‬‬
‫ٌؿّبْ ع‪ٛ‬دح اًٌضي ‪ٍٔٚ‬ػم‪ٙ‬ب ثـ‪Duct tape‬‬
‫‪ - 5‬سٍه ثٕشثكٗ ث‪Duct Belt: ٗ١‬‬
‫‪٠ٚ‬جم‪ ٤ ٝ‬اؽضِٗ ف‪ ٝ‬ف‪ ٝ‬اٌّزش ‪ ًٕٝ٠‬سثكٗ وً ‪٢٥‬سُ وً ِزش‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 46‬‬

8- Design Package
1- Design Drawings
Grill: number for each size
2- BOQ “Bill Off Quantities”‫جذأل حصز انكًٍات‬ Pipes: length for each diameter
Duct: weight
Insulation: area
3- Specification “SPCS” ‫انًٕاصفات‬
ٜ‫اغفبد د‬ٌّٛ‫ثب‬ٚ ٜ‫بد د‬١ّ‫ ثبٌى‬ٜ‫ِبد د‬ٛ‫ ثبخزػبس ٕٕ٘فز اٌشس‬ًٕٝ٠

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
8-1 Duct: weight
1- equations 2- General 3- ‫ي‬ٛ‫ضاْ ثسى‬١ِ
ٗ‫ٕذس‬ٌٙ‫ داس ا‬excel sheet ‫ك‬٠‫يٓ قش‬- W= 0.4 (w + H) T * L
‫يثال‬
@ duct Rectangular:
W D L Tً‫ٔجذأ ٔذخ‬ Kg inch mm m
@ Elbow:
Rt RH ‫ٔذخً ٔجذأ‬ 1.1 ٝ‫ صُ ٔؿشة إٌبرظ ف‬-
safety factor
ٗ‫ٔذخً وً ؽز‬ٚ ٗ‫ ِى اٌطجى‬ٝ‫ ثّٕط‬ًٕٝ٠ **
:‫ؽذ٘ب‬ٌٛ
- Branch , - Reducer , - Take off
Duct thickness T
Larger size Required thickness
Up to 12” 0.6 mm
14” : 30” 0.7 mm
32” : 40” 0.8 mm
More than 40” 1 mm
- Scrap percentage: ‫بدس‬ٌٙ‫ا‬
15 : 25 %
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 47

8-2 Insulation area: ‫حساب يساحة انؼزل‬
A’ = .05 ( W + H ) L
𝑚2 inch m
A = A’ * 1.2 “safety factor”

𝑨
𝟐𝟒 = ‫ػذد انهفات‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 48

9- Chilled water system

9-1Chilled water net work “GPM” ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫خ ا‬١ّ‫و‬
9-2 Circulation chilled water pump [Design “flow ‘Q’, Head ‘H’ “, Pump set]
9-3 Balancing system
9-4 load variation system
9-5 Equipments [Chiller, circulation pump, FCU, AHU, Cooling tower]
FCU: Fan cool unit

AHU: Air handling unit
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 49

9-1Chilled water net work “GPM” ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫خ ا‬١ّ‫و‬

By: Load (Gallon per minute “Gpm”) Diameter (D)
Q= m CP ΔT
Where:
Q load
m chiller water flow rate
CP heat transfer coefficient
ΔT temp.diff. To be the same for all FCU or AHU chiller
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Q “load” ٓ١‫مز‬٠‫ٍٗ ثكش‬١‫ٔط‬

m ΔT m ΔT
- pipe size - pipe size
- Cost - Cost
- FCU cost - FCU cost
- Chiller cost - Chiller cost
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
ΔT
ً‫األفؿ‬
‫ِػش‬ ‫ظ‬١ٍ‫ي اٌخ‬ٚ‫د‬
10°F 12°F
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
m “for load 1TR”

‫ِػش‬ ‫ظ‬١ٍ‫ي اٌخ‬ٚ‫د‬
m=2.4 GPM\TR m=1.9 GPM\TR
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 50

Design steps:
1-calculate the load for each coil.
ٗ‫ ِػش ٌٍشسّٗ اٌسبثم‬ٝ‫و ف‬ٚ‫اٌّطش‬ٚ 10TR = coil ً‫ و‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٜ‫ ٔفزشؼ اْ اٌؾًّ يٕذ‬: ‫ِضبي‬
2-calculate GPM for each coil.

∴ m = 24 GPM FOR each coil
3-calculate GPM in the main network.

:ٍٟ٠ ‫ وّب‬chillerٌٝ‫ اْ ٔػً ا‬ٌٝ‫ٔجذا ِٓ اخش اٌطجىٗ ا‬ٚ
4-use the friction chart.

From GPM we get Diameter
- Friction chart friction for each 100 ft
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 51

Friction Chart ‫اي‬

‫ ٔزًبًِ ِى ـ‬ٝ‫ٌى‬
1- Material of pipe:
1-a) Black steals ‫د‬ٛ‫ذ اس‬٠‫ؽذ‬
-Seamless Black steal schedule 40 pipe ٕٗ‫ س‬ٝ‫ االفزشاؾ‬٢٥ ‫ك اًٌّش‬١‫ٌزؾم‬
1-b) Galvanizes steal: (Hot deep galvanizes or electrostatic galvanizes)

We use Black steals
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-Type of cycle: (open cycle or closed cycle)
Chilled water cycle is closed
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
3-Units: ‫ؽذاد‬ٌٛ‫ا‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
6‫ اْ الكى خف اٌسشيٗ يٕذ‬ٌٝ‫ُ ا‬١‫ب خف ِسزم‬ٙ١‫ ٔكٍى ث‬GPM ‫كخ ـة‬٠‫ ثٕذخً اٌخش‬:ٗ‫م‬٠‫اٌكش‬
Friction ‫أٔضي ِٕٗ الشأ اٌـ‬ٚ ‫ األوجش‬size ‫ٓ ٔبخذ اٌـ‬٠‫ٓ لكش‬١‫الى ث‬ٚ ٟ‫ ٔفس‬ٝ‫٘الل‬
Friction ‫أضي الشأ اٌـ‬ٚ ٖ‫ ثًذ‬ٌٍٝ‫ ٌٍمكش ا‬GPM ‫ ّٔذ خف‬10 ِٓ ‫ أوجش‬Friction ‫ اٌـ‬ٌٛ
Friction < 10 ‫ أٗ الثذ اٌـ‬ٜ‫ا‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 52

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 53

Note that:
* V <= 6
** F < 10 feet\100 feet
*** In case of F > 10 take the larger size for the same line of GPM
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Ex: TR ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ًِك‬ٚ ‫ ِػش‬ٝ‫و ف‬ٚ‫اٌّطش‬

‫ْ األؽّش‬ٌٍٛ‫ٓ ثب‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫ وّب‬GPM for each coil‫زُ ؽسبة‬٠ m=2.4 GPM\TR
2
1
3 4 5 6
ُ‫ ربخذ ٔفس اٌشل‬GPM ‫ ٔفس‬ٌٍٝ‫ا‬ٚ ٖ‫اؽذ‬ٚ ً‫ و‬ٝ‫ ف‬GPM ‫ ؽست‬ٍٝ‫ش ي‬١‫اس‬ٌّٛ‫و ِٓ ا‬ٛٔ ً‫ٕ٘شلُ و‬
: ‫كخ‬٠‫ٔذخً اٌخش‬
1- GPM = 24 ∴ D= 114 ∴ F=7 Feet\100Feet
2- GPM =9.6 ∴ D=1 ∴ F=6
3- GPM =33.6 ∴ D=112 ∴ F=6
4- GPM = 57.6 ∴ D=2 ∴ F=7
5- GPM =81.6 ∴ D= 212 ∴ F=5
6- GPM=105.6 ∴ D=3 ∴ F=5
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 54

9-2 Circulation chilled water pump [Design “flow ‘Q’, Head ‘H’ “, Pump set]
a) Flow calculation in GPM (Flow passes in pump, chiller)
Ex: TR ‫ اٌـ‬ٝ‫ًِك‬ٚ ‫ ِػش‬ٝ‫و ف‬ٚ‫اٌّطش‬
‫ْ األؽّش‬ٌٍٛ‫ٓ ثب‬١‫ ِج‬ٛ٘ ‫ وّب‬GPM for each coil‫زُ ؽسبة‬٠ m=2.4 GPM\TR
b) Head calculation:
𝐻𝑃 = 𝐻𝑠𝑡 + 𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑠 + 𝐻𝑓
- Hp pump head
- Hst static head
- Hres residual head
- Hf friction head ‫ذ اإلؽزىبن‬١‫ِفبل‬
.‫بً ٌٍػفش‬٠ٚ‫ب ِسب‬ٌٙ 𝐻𝑟𝑒𝑠 ، 𝐻𝑠𝑡 ْٛ‫ى‬٠ closed circuit ٞ‫* أ‬
* For closed circuit 𝐻𝑃 = 𝐻𝑓

‫ي ِسبس‬ٛ‫ اق‬، ‫ فمف‬Coil ‫ ألثًذ‬Friction ‫اي‬
‫ؽسبة ـ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 55

Hf ‫حساب انـ‬
‫ي ِسبس‬ٛ‫ذ اق‬٠‫زُ رؾذ‬٠ ))١

.‫ٔجذأ ِٓ يٕذ اٌّؿخخ‬ٚ Tً‫يٕذ و‬Flow‫ اي‬ٝ‫ش ف‬١‫ؾػً رغ‬٠ ‫ وً ِب‬،section ٌٝ‫ي ِسبسإ‬ٛ‫ُ اق‬١‫زُ رمس‬٠ ))٢
5 4 3 2
6 7 8 9 10 1
:ٌٝ‫ي اٌزب‬ٚ‫ْ اٌغذ‬ٛ‫)) ٔى‬٣
: ٌٟ‫ي اٌزب‬ٚ‫ْ اٌغذ‬ٛ‫ صُ ٔى‬- From table (10, 11)
sr section GPM D hf Lpipe Leq Ltotal Hf

1 1-2
2 2-3
3 3-4
4 4-5
5 5-6
6 6-7
7 7-8
8 8-9
9 9-10
10 ‫و‬ّٛ‫اٌّغ‬ ‫؟؟‬
From friction chart by GPM Pipe length from cad drawing Lpipe + Leq 𝑕𝑓 ∗ 𝐿𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙
100
head ‫ ٔتذنك َكٌٕ حسثُا انـ‬Hp ‫ َؼٕض فى يؼادنة انـ‬Hf ‫ اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫ْ ؽػٍٕب ي‬ٛ‫ثزٌه ٔى‬ٚ 1.1 ٟ‫ ٔؿشثٗ ف‬Hf ‫و اٌـ‬ّٛ‫ ِغ‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 56

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 57

Tee ‫ٓ ِٓ اٌـ‬١‫ي‬ٛٔ ‫د‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ table 11 ‫خ‬٠‫ب‬ٙٔ ٝ‫ ٔالؽم أٔٗ ف‬-

Tee
Flow through branch Straight through flow
ٖ‫ االرغب‬ٝ‫ش ف‬١١‫ؾذس رغ‬٠ ٖ‫ االرغب‬ٝ‫ش ف‬١١‫ؾذس رغ‬٠ ‫ال‬
ٗ١ٍ‫ ثًًّٕ ؽسبثزٕب ي‬ٌٍٝ‫دا ا‬ٚ
:ٌٝ‫ٕمسُ إ‬٠ٚ
no reduction , reduced 1/4 , reduced 1/2
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 58

‫‪9-3 Balancing system:‬‬

‫ِضالً يٕذ‪ ٞ‬ضجىخ ث‪ٙ‬زا اٌطىً‪:‬‬
‫* ‪٠‬زُ اٌـ ‪ Balancing system‬ثإؽذ‪ ٜ‬اٌكش‪٠‬مز‪-:ٓ١‬‬
‫”‪9-3-1 Friction\ pipe Length: “Common reversed return‬‬

‫اي ‪friction‬يٓ قش‪٠‬ك اق‪ٛ‬اي اٌّ‪ٛ‬اس‪١‬ش‬
‫ثٕهجف ـ‬
‫‪ٕ٘ -‬فزشؼ اْ اٌّسبفٗ ث‪ ٓ١‬اٌـ ‪ m 20 coil‬وّب ثبٌطىً اٌسبثك‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬اٌطجىٗ اال‪ ٌٝٚ‬ثزمكى‪40 m‬‬
‫‪ -‬اٌطجىٗ اٌضبٔ‪١‬خ ثزمكى‪80 m‬‬
‫‪ -‬اٌطجىٗ ايصبٌضخ ثزمكى‪120 m‬‬
‫‪ -‬اٌطجىٗ اٌشاثًخ ثزمكى‪160 m‬‬
‫‪ -‬اٌطجىٗ اٌخبِسخ ثزمكى‪200 m‬‬
‫∴ سسّخ اٌطجىخ ٘زى‪ ْٛ‬ث‪ٙ‬زا اٌطىً‪:‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 59‬‬

9-3-2 Friction\ Equivalent length: “Balancing valve”

coilً‫ ٌى‬return ً‫ يٕذ و‬valve ‫اي‬
‫ف ـ‬١‫ٔؿ‬
:ً‫زا اٌطى‬ٙ‫ْ ث‬ٛ‫∴سسّخ اٌطجىخ ٘زى‬
TAB ‫غٍٗ يٍطبْ اٌـ‬ٚ‫ دا أيشف أ‬valve ‫ الصَ اٌـ‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ ‫ ؛‬Test ‫ ثزبيخ اٌـ‬ٝ٘ ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬TAB ‫اي‬
‫ ـ‬ٝ‫غ‬١‫ ر‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
َ‫ْ إٌهب‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ ْ‫ ا‬balancing ‫ ( الصَ يٍطبْ رٕفى‬common reversed return( pipe length ‫مخ اٌـ‬٠‫**قش‬
symmetricٜ‫يٕذ‬
)same load on all equipment ‫ ؛‬same rooting for equipment(
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Balancing valveَ‫ى ثٕسزخذ‬٠‫ ِٓ اٌّطبس‬95%‫ِٓ االخش‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
Balancing valve Common reversed return

Concept : Concept :
B.V on the return of each coil make all the baths same pipe length
Cost: Cost:
B.V…….. B.V …… x
Pipe cost…….. Pipe cost ………..
Total cost………. Total cost…….
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 60

9-4 load variation system “in each coil”

2 way valve or 3way valve: ٓ١‫مز‬٠‫ اٌكش‬ٜ‫زُ ثإؽذ‬٠ -
9-4-1 3way valve
 ‫ٔذسط وً ؽبعخ ثمب‬ٚ ً‫ اٌطى‬ٝ‫ؾؾخ ف‬ٌّٛ‫ ا‬3way valve ‫ أؽذ‬ٍٝ‫َ ي‬ٚٚ‫** ًًّٔ ص‬
1- Load b opening , a opening , chilled water enter in the coil
2- Load b opening , a opening , chilled water enter in the coil
3- @ 1 2 Load
coil‫د اٌـ‬ٛ‫ع‬ٚ ‫غخ‬١‫ ٔز‬ٍٝ‫ أي‬a ‫ اٌّسبس‬ٝ‫ ف‬friction ‫اي‬
‫ؾذس ٘زا ؛ ـ‬٠ ‫الوٓ ال‬ٚ
a=b
ٍٝ‫ ي‬additional Balancing valve‫ف‬١‫ٌؾً ٘زٖ اٌّطىٍٗ ٔؿ‬
By pass(b) ‫اٌّسبس‬
‫خ‬١ٌ‫ اٌػفؾخ اٌزب‬ٝ‫وّب ف‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 61

:ً‫زا اٌطى‬ٙ‫ْ ث‬ٛ‫ ٘زى‬3way valve ‫∴سسّخ اٌطجىخ ٌـ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 62

9-4-2 2way valve:
1- Load opening , pressure in supply line , chilled water enter in the coil
2- Load opening , pressure in supply line , chilled water enter in the coil
Note that:
variable speed pump‫و‬ٌٕٛ‫ ِٓ ا‬pump ‫اي‬
‫ الصَ ثٕشوت ـ‬2way ‫اي‬
‫ ؽبٌخ ـ‬ٝ‫ف‬
(Variable Frequency Driver ) VFD pump‫ اي‬ٍٝ‫ثٕشوت ي‬ٚ
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 63

2way valve 3way valve

Concept: Concept:
1- 2way valve on the return of each coil 1- 3way valve
2- VFD “variable speed pump “ 2- By pass with add. B.V
Advantage: Advantage:
- By pass with add. B.V is omitted - Capital cost
i.e. there is no Variable pump with VFD
- Electrical cost
Disadvantage:
Disadvantage: - Additional cost with add. B.V
- Maintenance cost - Electrical cost
- Life time
load fluctuation‫ش األؽّبي‬١‫ ًِذي رغ‬ٛ٘ 3wayٚ‫ ا‬2way ‫بس‬١‫ اخز‬ٝ‫ ف‬ّٕٝ‫ؾى‬١‫ ث‬ٌٍٝ‫* ا‬
2way َ‫ ٔسزخذ‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑎𝑑𝑦 ≅ ٗ‫ ثزبي‬load fluctuation ٌٍٝ‫و ا‬ٚ‫ اْ اٌّطش‬ًّٕٝ‫ ث‬-

)‫ٗ؛ ِػبٔى‬٠‫ اداس‬ٝٔ‫(ِجب‬
3 way ‫ ٔسزخذَ اٌـ‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ ٚ‫ اٌّزش‬ٜ‫ش ص‬١‫ى اٌزغ‬٠‫ ثزبيٗ سش‬load fluctuation ٌٍٝ‫و ا‬ٚ‫ اٌّطش‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 64

9-5 Equipments
[Circulation pump, Chiller, FCU, AHU, Cooling tower]
9-5-1 circulation pump

*Pump flow (Q), *Pump head (H): we had calculated them previously 
**pump set:
)ٓ‫ (اسزج‬stand by ٜ‫ يٕذ‬ٝ‫جم‬٠ ْ‫ يٍطب‬ٜ‫اص‬ٛ‫غٍٗ ر‬ٛ‫يخ قٍّجبد ِز‬ّٛ‫ ِغ‬-
9-5-1-a) Pump no. = chillers no. + 1 “stand by”
ٍٝ‫ ي‬pump ً‫ؼ و‬٠‫ ثزش‬ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬ٝ٘ control panel ٜ‫يٕذ‬ٚ ‫ب‬ٍٙ‫ ثزطزغً و‬pump 4 ‫ اًٌــ‬-
stand by‫ٗا‬١ٍ‫رخ‬ٚ ٖ‫ؽذ‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
9-5-1-b)
َُّ‫ُمس‬٠‫ال‬ Hp= Hf Head ‫ اٌـ‬-
 ً‫ب ٘زطزغً ٘زطزغ‬ٙٔ‫ ال‬ٜ‫ُ يبد‬ٙ٠‫ ص‬GPM ‫ّخ‬١‫ ثزبخذ ل‬stand by ‫اٌـ‬ٚ َُّ‫ُمس‬٠ "ْ‫ب‬٠‫ "اٌسش‬GPM ‫ اٌـ‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 65

9-5-1-b) Selection
: ‫بد‬١ٕ‫ يٕذٔب أسثى ِٕؾ‬ٝ‫ اٌػفؾخ اٌمبدِخ" ؛ ٕ٘الل‬ٝ‫خ "ف‬١ٌ‫كخ اٌزب‬٠‫** ٔذخً اٌخش‬
1) H-Q curve
2) ɳ Curve
ɳ Electrical cost performance
3) Horse power curve
4) NPSH “net positive suction head”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
head ‫اٌـ‬ٚ GPM , ‫ ّ٘ب اٌـ‬ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬Design point ‫** أٔب يٕذ اٌـ‬
6bar , 200 GPM ‫ ّ٘ب‬ٌٍٝ‫ِضال ا‬
ٗ‫ وفبئ‬ٍٝ‫ صُ ٔخزبس األي‬H-Q ٍٝ‫لى إٌمبـ ي‬ٕٛ‫** ث‬
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫شثبء‬ٙ‫ٌؾسبة اٌى‬
Q Gpm ∗ H[feet ]
Hp = 3960∗ ɳ
Where: ɳ = 0.65
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
*** NPSH) available >= NPSH) req.
ٗ‫ب يٕذ ِذخً اٌّؿخ‬١ًٍ‫فش ف‬ٛ‫اٌؿغف اٌّز‬ ٗ١ٌ‫ اٌػفؾخ اٌزب‬ٝ‫ ف‬from catalogue ٗ‫ة يٕذ ِذخً اٌّؿخ‬ٍٛ‫اٌؿغف اٌّك‬
cavitations‫ف‬ٙ‫ؾذس رى‬١٘ ‫ ؽػً اًٌىس‬ٌٛ **
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 66

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 67

9-5-2 pumps hock up:
1- Two(2) isolating valve

2- Check valve
3- Pressure gage
4- Flow meter
5- PRV “Pressure reducing valve”
6- Strainer ) ٝ‫( اٌّػف‬
7- Eccentric reducer
8- Automatic air vent “AAV” ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ضفف فمبيبد ا‬
9- Two(2) flexible connection to prevent vibration
10- Floating floor “spring cap, rubber pad”
(8)
Pump
N
(1) )6( (10) (9) (3) )5( (2) (4) (1)
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 68

- EDS “Equipment Data Sheet”

,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
* In case of constant speed pump
Low speed High speed
@ 50 Hz 1450 rpm 2900 rpm
@60 Hz 1750 rpm 3500 rpm
Advantage Large volume smaller volume
Weight Cost Weight Cost
Noise Level Noise Level
Life Time Life Time
Friction Friction
Maintenance Maintenance
Application Circulation pumps “HVAC” Fire Fighting Pump

Plumbing Pump
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 69

‫‪9-5-2 Chiller‬‬
‫‪a- Design‬‬ ‫‪b- selection‬‬ ‫‪c- Hock up‬‬
‫‪9-5-2-a) Design‬‬
‫‪- Steps:‬‬
‫‪1) Calculate Block Load‬‬
‫‪2) Determine the required No. of chiller‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬رٌه يٓ قش‪٠‬ك ‪-: Design stream‬‬
‫** أٔب يٕذ‪ ٞ‬صالس إرغب٘بد ف‪ ٝ‬اٌزفى‪١‬ش وّب ‪: ٍٟ٠‬‬

‫‪1- 100% stand by :‬‬
‫‪ -‬ثًّٕ‪ ٝ‬إْ ف‪ ٝ‬ؽبٌخ يكً ف‪ ٝ‬اٌـ ‪ chiller‬ث‪١‬ى‪ ْٛ‬يٕذ‪ stand by ٞ‬ث‪١‬ؾبفم يٍ‪ ٝ‬اسزّشاس‪٠‬خ يًّ‬
‫اٌّطش‪ٚ‬و ثىبًِ ل‪ٛ‬رٗ ‪% 100‬‬
‫”‪EX: 1000TR “Block Load‬‬
‫‪ٕ٘ -‬غ‪١‬ت ‪ chiller 2‬ثـ ‪ TR 1000‬؛ ِٕ‪ٚ ُٙ‬اؽذ اسزجٓ‪ .‬‬
‫‪ -‬أ‪ٔ ٚ‬غ‪١‬ت ‪ Chiller 3‬ثـ ‪ TR500‬؛ ِٕ‪ٚ ُٙ‬اؽذ اسزجٓ فٍ‪ٚ ٛ‬اؽذ ارًكً اإلسزجٓ ٘‪ًٛ١‬ؼ ‪‬‬
‫** ٘زا اٌزفى‪١‬ش ٍٔغأ إٌ‪ ٗ١‬ف‪ ٝ‬ؽبٌخ اٌّسزطف‪١‬بد‪ٚ Hospitals‬ف‪ ٝ‬اٌغبٌت رى‪ ْٛ‬اٌّسزطف‪ِ ٝ‬مسّخ إٌ‪" zones ٝ‬‬
‫ثًّٕ‪ ٝ‬إْ ِص وً اٌـ ‪ٌٙ ًًّ٘ zone‬ب ‪ِ( " %100‬ضال غشفخ إًٌب‪٠‬خ اٌّشوضح ِؾزبعٗ ‪)%100‬‬
‫‪٠ٚ‬زّ‪١‬ض ثبٌىفبئٗ اًٌبٌ‪١‬خ ؛‪ٌٚ‬ىٓ اٌزىٍفٗ يبٌ‪ٗ١‬‬
‫‪2- 65%:75% stand by‬‬
‫‪ -‬ثًّٕ‪ ٝ‬إْ ف‪ ٝ‬ؽبٌخ يكً ف‪ ٝ‬اٌـ ‪ chiller‬؛ اٌّطش‪ٚ‬و ٘‪ ًًّ١‬ثٕسجخ ‪ %65‬؛ ‪ %75‬؛ ‪٘ٚ‬ز ٔهش‪٠‬ب لذ ‪٠‬ؾذس ‪ٌٚ‬ىٓ‬
‫يٍّ‪١‬ب ِسزجًذ ‪٠‬ؾذس ألٔ‪ِ ٝ‬ػُّ ف‪ ٝ‬اٌجذا‪٠‬خ يٍ‪ ٝ‬األس‪ٛ‬أ‪ٚ ،‬يٍ‪ ٝ‬إْ وً األِبوٓ ٘زطزغً ف‪ٔ ٝ‬فس اٌ‪ٛ‬لذ ‪ٚ‬ثأيٍ‪ٝ‬‬
‫ؽًّ ٌ‪ٙ‬ب‪ .‬ث‪١‬ذخً ًِبٔب ِجذأ ‪ًِ“diversity factor‬بًِ اٌزطزذ "‬
‫‪ٕ٘ -‬غ‪١‬ت ‪ chiller 3‬اٌ‪ٛ‬اؽذ ثـ ‪TR 375‬‬
‫األِبوٓ اإلداس‪٠‬خ ‪Malls, Hotels, Residential Tower, Administration‬‬
‫‪3- 50% stand by:‬‬

‫األِبوٓ اإلداس‪٠‬خ ‪٠ٚ Administration‬زّ‪١‬ض ثأْ اٌزىٍفخ ِٕخفؿخ‪.‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 70‬‬
9-5-2-b) selection
1) Calculate Block Load
2) Determine types of chiller & its number
Types of chiller
condenser ‫ذ اٌـ‬٠‫خ رجش‬١‫ف‬١‫و‬ٚ ‫و‬ٛٔ ٍٝ‫ًزّذ ي‬٠
1- Air cooled condenser 2- water cooled condenser
∴ Air cooled chiller ∴ water cooled chiller
500 ٌٝ‫ إ‬350 ِٓ ‫ً أؽّبي‬١‫ط‬١‫ ث‬- ً١‫ط‬٠ ‫مذس‬١‫ى ألٔٗ ث‬٠‫ أغٍت اٌّطبس‬ٝ‫ُكجك ف‬٠-
- limited ٗ‫ي‬ٕٛ‫أؽّبي ِز‬
- un limited
104 ℉ , 40 ℃ ٗ‫ اٌغبف‬ٛ‫) دسعخ ؽشاسح اٌغ‬3
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ط‬ٌٛ‫ب يٍطبْ ٔذخً اٌىزب‬ٙ١ٍ‫لف ي‬ٛ‫ز‬١‫و ث‬ٛٔ ً‫ و‬ٌٍٝ‫اًِ ثمب ا‬ًٌٛ‫ٗ ا‬٠‫ ؛ ا‬chiller ‫و اٌـ‬ٛٔ ‫* أٔب خالظ ؽذدد‬
* Factor affecting on selection:

Air cooled chiller water cooled chiller
1- Load TR 1- Load TR
2- Ambient temperature 2- inlet condenser cooling water temperature
𝑻𝒂𝒎𝒃𝒊𝒆𝒏𝒕 = 104 ℉ , 40 ℃ 𝐓𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫) 𝐢𝐧 =𝐓𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 10 ℃
3- chilled water Out temperature 3- chilled water Out temperature
𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑜𝑢𝑡
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
chiller ‫* فى الصفحات التاليه سنوضح طريقة استخدام كتالوجات متنوعه إلختيار الـ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 71

‫* الكتالوج األول‬
‫**فى الصفحة التالية نقطع اجلدول ونعمل زووم علشان األرقام تظهر والشرح يىضح أكرت ‪‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 72‬‬

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 73

‫قش‪٠‬مخ اسزخذاَ ٘زا اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط ‪:‬‬

‫‪ -‬أ‪ٚ‬ي يبِ‪ٛ‬د ِٓ ع‪ٙ‬خ اٌ‪١‬سبس ٘‪ ٛ‬اٌـ ‪ model‬؛ ‪ّ٠ٚ‬ضً اٌشلُ األ‪ٚ‬ي ف‪٘ ٝ‬زا اًٌبِ‪ٛ‬د ٔ‪ٛ‬و اًٌبئٍخ اٌز‪ٝ‬‬
‫‪ٕ٠‬زّ‪ ٟ‬إٌ‪ٙ١‬ب اٌـ‪ٚ "family name" chiller‬ثبل‪ ٝ‬األسلبَ ف‪ ٝ‬اًٌبِ‪ٛ‬د رّضً اسُ اٌـ ‪chiller‬‬
‫‪-‬ف‪٘ ٝ‬زا اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط اًٌبئٍٗ اٌز‪ٕ٠ ٝ‬زّ‪ ٟ‬إٌ‪ٙ١‬ب اٌـ ‪30GZ ٟ٘chiller‬‬
‫‪٠‬جم‪ِ ٝ‬ضال ٘‪١‬جم‪ ٝ‬يٕذ‪ CHILLER ٞ‬اخزبسرٗ اسّٗ ‪040-30GZ‬‬

‫‪٘ٚ‬ىزا… ‪‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 74‬‬

Chiller ‫بٖ اٌخبسعخ ِٓ اٌـ‬١ٌّ‫ُّضً دسعخ ؽشاسح ا‬٠ LCWT℃ ‫د‬ِٛ‫ يب‬ٝٔ‫ صب‬-
Chilled water out temperature 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑜𝑢𝑡
℃ 6 ِ‫ ٔغانثا تُاخذ‬،، ℃ 12 : 5.5 ِٓ ٝ‫جم‬١‫ ثزبيٕب ث‬Range ‫اٌـ‬ٚ *
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
℃ 40 = ‫ ِػش‬ٝ‫ ف‬ٟ٘ ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬Ambient temperature ٛ٘ : ‫اٌػف دا‬
Air cooled chiller ‫ط دا خبظ ثـ‬ٌٛ‫اٌىزب‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 75

‫* اٌػف دا ف‪ 4 ٗ١‬يٕبغش وّب ٘‪ِ ٛ‬ج‪ ٓ١‬‬
‫”‪- CAP “KW‬‬ ‫سًخ اٌط‪ٍ١‬ش ‪ٚ‬ثأسزخذِ‪ٙ‬ب ص‪ِ ٞ‬ب ٕ٘ط‪ٛ‬ف ف‪ ٝ‬اإلخز‪١‬بس‬
‫”‪- COMP “KW‬‬ ‫و‪ٙ‬شثخ اٌىّج‪ٛ‬سس‪ٛ‬س‬
‫”‪- UNIT “KW‬‬ ‫و‪ٙ‬شثخ اٌ‪ٛ‬ؽذٖ وبٍِخ‬
‫‪,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,‬‬
‫* قش‪٠‬مخ اسزخذاَ اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط ‪‬‬
‫‪ Ambient temperature‬اٌٍ‪ ٟ٘ ٝ‬ف‪ِ ٝ‬ػش = ‪℃ 40‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -1‬ذخً اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط يٕذ‬
‫℃ ‪ٔ ،،‬غانثا تُاخذِ ‪℃ 6‬‬ ‫‪ٔ -2‬ذخً يٕذ ℃‪ٚ * LCWT‬اٌـ ‪ Range‬ثزبيٕب ث‪١‬جم‪12 : 5.5 ِٓ ٝ‬‬
‫‪ٔ -3‬ذخً ثـ اٌـ ‪ Load‬اٌٍ‪١ٌٚ CAP “KW” ٛ٘ ٝ‬ىٓ ِضال ‪ِٕٙٚ 200‬ب إٌ‪ٛ‬و ٘‪085-30GZ ٛ‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 76‬‬

‫وزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط آخش ٔ‪ٛ‬ؾؼ إصا‪ٔ ٞ‬سزخذِخ ف‪ ٝ‬اإلخز‪١‬بس‬
‫٘‪ ٛ‬خبظ ثـ ‪ Air cooled chiller‬؛ ًًّٔ ص‪ َٚٚ‬يٍ‪ ٝ‬عضء ِٕٗ ثمب ‪ٔٚ‬طشػ قش‪٠‬مخ اسزخذاِٗ‬
‫* أ‪ٚ‬ي يبِ‪ٛ‬د ٘‪ٛٔ ٛ‬و اٌط‪ٍ١‬ش ؛ ** صبٔ‪ ٟ‬يبِ‪ٛ‬د ٘‪ LCWT℃ ٛ‬ف‪ ٝ‬اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط اٌسبثك ‪ ،‬اٌٍ‪ٟ٘ ٝ‬‬
‫دسعخ ؽشاسح خش‪ٚ‬ط اٌّ‪١‬بٖ ِٓ اٌط‪ٍ١‬ش ٔغانثا تُاخذِ ‪ ℃ 6‬؛ *** دسعبد اٌؾشاسح اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ف‪ٛ‬ق‬
‫رُّضً ‪ Ambient temperature‬اٌٍ‪ ٟ٘ ٝ‬ف‪ِ ٝ‬ػش = ‪ ℃ 40‬؛ **** ‪ ٟ٘ Q0‬اٌؾًّ‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 77‬‬

‫‪ -‬قش‪٠‬مخ اإلسزخذاَ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ٔ -1‬ذخً اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط يٕذ ‪ Ambient temperature‬اٌٍ‪ ٟ٘ ٝ‬ف‪ِ ٝ‬ػش = ‪℃ 40‬‬
‫‪ٔ -2‬ذخً ثـ اٌـ ‪ Load‬اٌٍ‪١ٌٚ Q0 ٛ٘ ٝ‬ىٓ ِضال ‪130‬‬
‫𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑤𝑇 ‪ٔ ،،‬غانثا تُاخذِ ‪ ℃ 6‬؛ ٕ٘الل‪ ٝ‬ف‪ ٟ‬أ‪ٚ‬ي ٔ‪ٛ‬و يٕذ ‪ 6‬اٌؾًّ‬ ‫𝑡𝑢𝑜)‬ ‫‪ٔ -3‬ذخً يٕذ‬
‫‪ 98.8‬فّص ٘‪ٕ١‬فى إٌ‪ٛ‬و دا ؛ ٕٔضي ٌٍٕ‪ٛ‬و اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ثًذٖ يٕذ ‪ٕ٘ 6‬الل‪ ٝ‬اٌؾًّ ‪ 115.2‬ثشدٖ إٌ‪ٛ‬و‬
‫دا ِص ٘‪ٕ١‬فى ‪ٕٔ ،‬ضي ٌٍٕ‪ٛ‬و اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ثًذٖ يٕذ ‪ٕ٘ 6‬الل‪ ٟ‬اٌؾًّ ‪٘ٚ 132.6‬زا ‪٠‬غك‪ ٝ‬اٌؾًّ اٌٍ‪ٝ‬‬
‫ًِبٔب ‪ٔ ِٕٗٚ‬مشأ إٌ‪ٛ‬و ِٓ أ‪ٚ‬ي يبِ‪ٛ‬د ‪ ٛ٘ٚ‬ف‪ِ ٝ‬ضبٌٕب ٘‪١‬ى‪130D ْٛ‬‬
‫* ف‪ ٝ‬اٌػفؾخ اٌزبٌ‪١‬خ عذا‪ٚ‬ي اٌى‪ٙ‬شثبء اٌخبغخ ٌىً ٔ‪ٛ‬و ِٓ ٘زا اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط ؛ إٌ‪ٛ‬و ‪ٚ‬رؾز‪ ٗ١‬وً‬
‫اٌج‪١‬بٔبد اٌخبغخ ثبٌى‪ٙ‬شثبء‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 78‬‬

‫ٍش‬١‫و اٌط‬ٛٔ
‫بٔبد‬١‫اٌج‬
‫خ‬١‫شثبئ‬ٙ‫اٌى‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 79

‫وزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط آخش ‪ٌٚ‬ىٕٗ ٌـ ‪water cooled chiller‬‬
‫* أ‪ٚ‬ي يبِ‪ٛ‬د ٘‪ٛٔ ٛ‬و اٌط‪ٍ١‬ش ؛‬
‫** صبٔ‪ ٟ‬يبِ‪ٛ‬د ٘‪ LCWT℃ ٛ‬ف‪ ٝ‬اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط األسجك ‪ ،‬اٌٍ‪ ٟ٘ ٝ‬دسعخ ؽشاسح خش‪ٚ‬ط اٌّ‪١‬بٖ‬
‫ِٓ اٌط‪ٍ١‬ش * ‪ٚ‬اٌـ ‪ Range‬ثزبيٕب ث‪١‬جم‪ٔ ،، ℃ 12 : 5.5 ِٓ ٝ‬غانثا تُاخذِ ُْا ‪℃ 5‬؛‬
‫*** دسعبد اٌؾشاسح اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ف‪ٛ‬ق رُّضً ‪ inlet condenser cooling water temperature‬اٌٍ‪ٝ‬‬
‫٘‪ 𝐓𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫) 𝐢𝐧 =𝐓𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 10 ℃ : ٟ‬اٌٍ‪٘ ٟ٘ ٝ‬زسب‪ 30 ٞٚ‬سٍهزٌٕس‬
‫**** ‪ ٟ٘ Q0‬اٌؾًّ‬
‫ِضبي ف‪ ٝ‬اٌػفؾخ اٌزبٌ‪ٗ١‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 80‬‬

‫ِضبي ‪:‬‬
‫‪ ٌٛ -‬يٕذ‪ ٞ‬اٌؾًّ ‪ ، 400‬قش‪٠‬مخ اإلسزخذاَ‪:‬‬
‫‪ٔ -1‬ذخً اٌىزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط يٕذ ‪ inlet condenser cooling water temperature‬اٌٍ‪: ٟ٘ ٝ‬‬
‫℃ ‪ 𝐓𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐝𝐞𝐧𝐬𝐞𝐫 𝐜𝐨𝐨𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐰𝐚𝐭𝐞𝐫) 𝐢𝐧 =𝐓𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 10‬اٌٍ‪٘ ٟ٘ ٝ‬زسب‪ 30 ٞٚ‬سٍهزٌٕس‬
‫‪ٔ -2‬ذخً ثـ اٌـ ‪ Load‬اٌٍ‪١ٌٚ Q0 ٛ٘ ٝ‬ىٓ ِضال ‪400‬‬
‫𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑤𝑇 ‪ٔ ،،‬غانثاُْا تُاخذِ ‪ ℃ 5‬؛ ٕ٘الل‪ ٝ‬ف‪ ٟ‬أ‪ٚ‬ي ٔ‪ٛ‬و يٕذ ‪5‬‬ ‫𝑡𝑢𝑜)‬ ‫‪ٔ -3‬ذخً يٕذ‬
‫اٌؾًّ ‪ 330‬فّص ٘‪ٕ١‬فى إٌ‪ٛ‬و دا ؛ ٕٔضي ٌٍٕ‪ٛ‬و اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ثًذٖ يٕذ ‪ٕ٘ 5‬الل‪ ٝ‬اٌؾًّ ‪ 340‬ثشدٖ‬
‫إٌ‪ٛ‬و دا ِص ٘‪ٕ١‬فى ‪ٕٔ ،‬ضي ٌٍٕ‪ٛ‬و اٌٍ‪ ٝ‬ثًذٖ يٕذ ‪ٕ٘ 5‬الل‪ ٟ‬اٌؾًّ ‪٘ٚ 415‬زا ‪٠‬غك‪ ٝ‬اٌؾًّ‬
‫اٌٍ‪ًِ ٝ‬بٔب ‪ٔ ِٕٗٚ‬مشأ إٌ‪ٛ‬و ِٓ أ‪ٚ‬ي يبِ‪ٛ‬د ‪ ٛ٘ٚ‬ف‪ِ ٝ‬ضبٌٕب ٘‪١‬ى‪LCW-452PK ْٛ‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 81‬‬

** Chiller plant room:
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 82

9-5-2-c) Hock up For chiller

1- Two(2) isolating valve, “normally open”
2- Balancing valve
3- Strainer ) ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫خ ا‬١‫( اٌّػفخ ٌزٕم‬
4- Flow switch
5- By pass line with “Gate valve”, for flashing ‫ً اٌطجىخ‬١‫ غس‬, (G.V is
normally closed)
7- Two(2) Thermometers “temperature sensor”
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 83

‫‪9-5-3 Cooling tower‬‬
‫*‪٠‬زُ اٌزجش‪٠‬ذ "‪ " cooling‬ثإؽذ‪ ٜ‬اٌكش‪٠‬مز‪: ٓ١‬‬

‫‪٘ٚ :surface cooling‬زٖ اٌكش‪٠‬مخ غ‪١‬ش ِٕكم‪ ٗ١‬ف‪ ٝ‬أثشاط اٌزجش‪٠‬ذ وّب ‪ٍٟ٠‬‬ ‫‪-1‬‬
‫‪٘ٚ :‬زٖ اٌكش‪٠‬مٗ ٘‪ ٟ‬اٌز‪ ٝ‬رسزخذَ ف‪ ٝ‬أثشاط اٌزجش‪٠‬ذ‬ ‫‪evaporate cooling -2‬‬
‫‪,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,‬‬
‫** خك‪ٛ‬اد اٌزجش‪٠‬ذ داخً اٌـ ‪cooling tower‬‬
‫‪- 1‬رم‪ َٛ‬اٌـ ‪ spray nozzles‬ثزؾ‪ ً٠ٛ‬اٌـ ‪ water‬إٌ‪ٌ spray ٝ‬زس‪ ً١ٙ‬يٍّ‪١‬خ اٌزجخش‬
‫‪- 2‬رم‪ َٛ‬اٌـ ‪ fan‬ثسؾت اٌـ ‪ air‬أليٍ‪ ٝ‬؛ ف‪١‬ػزذَ ِى اٌـ ‪spray water‬‬
‫‪- 3‬عضء ِٓ اٌـ ‪٠ water‬زؾ‪ٛ‬ي إٌ‪ ٝ‬ثخبس ِى اٌ‪ٛٙ‬اء اٌػبيذ‬
‫‪٠ - 4‬زُ سؾت (اٌؾشاسح اٌىبِٕخ ٌٍزجخ‪١‬ش) ِٓ اٌغضء اٌجبل‪ ِٓ ٟ‬اٌـ ‪water‬‬
‫‪٠- 5‬زُ رغّ‪١‬ى اٌـ ‪ rest water‬داخً ؽ‪ٛ‬ؼ ف‪ ٝ‬اٌـ ‪cooling tower‬‬
‫‪ٛ٠ - 6‬عذ ِغّ‪ٛ‬يخ‪" fins‬صيبٔف" ف‪ٛ‬ق اٌـ‪ٌ fan‬ى‪ ٟ‬رػكبد ثخبس اٌّبء ف‪١‬زىضف ‪٠ٚ‬شعى ٌٍؾ‪ٛ‬ؼ‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 84‬‬

**Cooling tower construction & its hock up:
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 85

Cooling tower selection & design:
* Range = 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑖𝑛 - 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑜𝑢𝑡 = 5:6 ℃ "‫ذ‬٠‫اٌخبسط ِٓ ثشط اٌزجش‬ٚ ً‫ٓ اٌذاخ‬١‫" فشق دسعبد اٌؾشاسح ث‬
Where:
𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑜𝑢𝑡 =𝐓𝐚𝐦𝐛𝐢𝐞𝐧𝐭 - 10 ℃
, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,,
** Approach"‫ 𝑡𝑢𝑜) 𝑟𝑒𝑡𝑎𝑤𝑇 = "اإللزشاة‬- 𝑇𝑤𝑏
Where:
𝑇𝑤𝑏 for the project , By HAP passed on project location
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
*** Loadnominal “KW” = 𝑚. CP ∆𝑇 L/S ٌٝ‫ إ‬GPM ِٓ ً٠ٛ‫ٌٍزؾ‬
0.0631 ٟ‫* ٔؿشة ف‬

Where:
𝑚. " 𝐿 𝑆" Cooling tower flow rate = TR * 3GPM
CP Constant of water = 4.186
∆𝑇 Range = 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑖𝑛 - 𝑇𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 )𝑜𝑢𝑡
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
**** LoadActual “KW” = 𝐿𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 “KW” * capacity factor
Where:
Capacity factor from following Twb table passed on Approach, Range
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 86

Twb Table:
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 87

Steps of selection:
1- Calculate cooling tower flow rate 𝑚. = TR * 3GPM

2- Determine 𝑇𝑤𝑏 for the project , By HAP passed on project location
3- Determine the range
4- Determine the Approach
5- Calculate nominal load
6- Determine Capacity factor
7- Calculate corrected “actual” load
8- Entering the following chart by (LoadActual “KW” , 𝑚. " 𝐿 𝑆" )
‫كخ‬٠‫* ضىً اٌخش‬
. ‫ق‬ٛ‫ ف‬ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬model ‫ ؛ ٔخزبس خف‬model ٓ١‫ٓ خك‬١‫الى ث‬ٚ ‫ أغجؼ‬flow rate ‫ ِى اٌـ‬load ‫ إٌزمبء خف اٌـ‬ٌٛ
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 88

MODEL Chart
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 89

‫وزبٌ‪ٛ‬ط آخش ؛ ًًّٕ٘ ٔفس اٌخك‪ٛ‬اد ‪ٚ‬اٌؾسبثبد ‪ٌٚ‬ىٓ ٘زٖ اٌّشح س‪١‬ؾذس اًٌىس ؛ ثًّٕ‪ ٝ‬إْ اٌخش‪٠‬كخ‬
‫٘غ‪١‬ت ِٕ‪ٙ‬ب اٌـ ‪Capacity factor‬‬
‫‪ٚ‬اٌغذ‪ٚ‬ي ٕ٘غ‪١‬ت ِٕٗ اٌـ ‪.MODEL‬‬
‫طزٌقة اإلسحخذاو ‪:‬‬
‫‪ٕٔ -‬ضي ِٓ اٌـ ‪ range‬ثخف سأس‪ ٟ‬إٌ‪ ٝ‬أْ ‪٠‬زمبقى ِى أؽذ اٌـ ‪ curve‬اٌّبئً اٌز‪ّ٠ ٞ‬ضً اٌـ‬
‫‪ Approach‬؛ صُ ثخف أفم‪ ٟ‬إٌ‪ ٝ‬أْ ‪٠‬زمبقى ِى ل‪ّ١‬خ اٌـ 𝑏𝑤𝑇 ‪ٚ‬اٌز‪ ٝ‬رزّضً ف‪ ٝ‬اٌخك‪ٛ‬ـ اٌّبئٍخ‬
‫؛ صُ ٕٔضي ثخف سأس‪ٔٚ ٟ‬مشأ اٌـ ‪capacity factor‬‬
‫** اٌغذ‪ٚ‬ي ثمب ٕ٘ذخً ثبٌؾًّ ‪ٔٚ‬مشأ اٌّ‪ٛ‬د‪  ً٠‬وّب ‪ ٍٟ٠‬ف‪ ٝ‬اٌػفؾخ اٌزبٌ‪١‬خ ‪:‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 90‬‬

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 91

Cooling tower pump calculation:
1- Flow rate:
‫ذ‬٠‫ق ٌجشط اٌزجش‬ٛ‫ ؽسجٕب٘ب ف‬ٌٍٝ‫𝑚 ا‬. ‫ اٌـ‬ٟ٘
2- Head calculation:
Hp = Hst + Hres + Hf
Where:
- Hp pump head
- Hst static head
bar ٌٝ‫ي إ‬ٛ‫زؾ‬١ٌ 10 ٍٝ‫سخ ثبٌّزش صُ ٔمسّٗ ي‬١‫ي اٌّؿخخ ؛ ٕ٘م‬ٚ‫– فشق اإلسرفبو ِٓ أ‬
- Hres residual head = 35: 50 KPa; according to catalogue
- Hf friction head ‫ذ اإلؽزىبن‬١‫ِفبل‬
‫ٍش‬١‫ ضجىخ اٌط‬ٝ‫مخ ؽسبثٗ ف‬٠‫ ٔفس قش‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 92

9-5-4 Air handling unit “AHU” & 9-5-5 fan coil unit “FCU”
* The difference between AHU & FCU:

"‫ٍِف‬ٚ ‫ؽخ‬ٚ‫ؾّالْ ٔفس اٌّجذأ " ِش‬٠ ْ‫ اإلصٕب‬: ً‫ب‬١‫ِجذئ‬
# FCU:
- load range “small spaces; room in hotel”
- Process: ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫ ثززُ ي‬ٌٍٝ‫بد ا‬١ًٌٍّ‫ا‬
Types of FCU
2 pipe “ 2way” 4 pipe “ 4 way”
‫ذ فمف‬٠‫رجش‬ ٓ١‫رسخ‬ٚ ‫ذ‬٠‫رجش‬
return ‫خف‬ٚ supply ‫ خف‬ٞ‫ يٕذ‬ٝ‫جم‬١‫ ث‬- :ٞ‫ يٕذ‬ٝ‫جم‬١‫ث‬
‫ذ‬٠‫ ٌٍزجش‬return ‫خف‬ٚ supply ‫ خف‬-
ٓ١‫ ٌٍزسخ‬return ‫خف‬ٚ supply ‫ خف‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
# AHU:
- load range “big spaces; hole & restaurant in hotel”
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
** Design of AHU, FCU:

- By CFM, TR from catalogue
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 93

Houck up of “AHU, FCU”
Supply
Return
1- Two(2) isolating valve, “normally open”

2- Two(2) Thermometers “temperature sensor”
3- Strainer ) ٖ‫ب‬١ٌّ‫خ ا‬١‫( اٌّػفخ ٌزٕم‬
4- By pass line with “Gate valve”, for flashing ‫ً اٌطجىخ‬١‫ غس‬, (G.V is
normally closed)
5- Balancing valve on return line
6- By pass of 3way valve with add.B.V “ load variation” ; it may
be 2way valve according to application “load fluctuation”
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 94

10- Fans
10-1 Types of fans
a) Centrifugal fan b) Axial fans c) Propeller fans
* it used in air * it used in ventilation * it used in small
conditioning “AHU,FCU” Application such as
CFM ΔP kitchen
:ٌٝ‫رٕمسُ إ‬ٚ
- not over loaded
- Forward
- Backward :ٌٝ‫رٕمسُ إ‬ٚ
- Radial : not used in air - normal
conditioning, - tube:ٗٔ‫خ يٕذ ِذخً اٌـفب‬١ِ‫ا‬ٚ‫ اٌذ‬ٍٝ‫ٌٍزغٍت ي‬
But it used in compressor - vane: ‫ؾى‬ٚ ُ‫ؾى اٌػبط ص‬ٚ ُ‫ز‬٠
‫اء اٌخبسط‬ٌٛٙ‫ى ا‬٠‫ص‬ٛ‫ضشائؼ ٌز‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 95

* comparison between Forward & Backward Centrifugal fan
a) Backward b) Forward
-high CFM - Low CFM
- Low speed - high speed
- Low noise - high noise
- Low Friction - high Friction
- Maintenance - Maintenance
- Life Time - Life Time
- No transient zone - transient zone
- Cost - Cost
- Not over loaded - over loaded
- CFM HP - CFM HP
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 96

10-2 Fans in HVAC system
a) Fan section b) in line fan c) roof top fan

* it is HVAC equipment ٝ‫دح ف‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ fan ‫اي‬
‫ ـ‬ًٕٝ٠ - ٍٝ‫دح ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ Fan ٓ‫ يجبسٖ ي‬-
: ٌٝ‫ رٕمسُ إ‬- ‫ؽزٗ ِٓ اٌػبط‬ َ‫رسزخذ‬ٚ ‫اٌسكؼ داخً غبط‬
- single fan: ‫ؿب‬٠‫ٗ ا‬٠‫اٌزغز‬ٚ ‫اء‬ٌٛٙ‫ٌسؾت ا‬
ٓ‫ٗ يجبسح ي‬١‫ ف‬fan ‫ اٌـ‬ٌٍٟ‫ق ا‬ٚ‫ اٌػٕذ‬-
indoor fan ّٝ‫رس‬ٚ ‫اؽذح‬ٚ ‫قجمخ‬ ‫* كم انخذيات يزجثطّ تانسطح‬
- double fan:
out door ّٝ‫رس‬ٚ ‫ٓ ؛‬١‫ اٌػبط يجبسح يٓ قجمز‬-
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
10-3 Roof coordination: ‫ اٌسكؼ‬ٍٝ‫أُ٘ اإليزجبساد ي‬
a) Relation between fresh air fans & Exhaust air fans:
‫ّب يىس ثًؽ‬ٙ٘‫ ارغب‬exhaust ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ fresh ‫اي‬
‫ ِٓ ـ‬fan ً‫ه اْ و‬١‫ ٔط‬ًٕٝ٠ -
‫ يٍطبْ اٌّكش‬S ٗ٠‫ب‬ٌٕٙ‫ًًّٔ ا‬ٚ ٍٝ‫ إرغبٖ اٌسؾت ِٓ أي‬fresh ‫ٌزىٓ اٌـ‬ٚ ‫ّب‬ِٕٙ ٖ‫اؽذ‬ٚ ٍٝ‫ رخ‬-
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 97

‫‪b) Back pressure‬‬

‫‪ ًٕٝ٠ -‬اٌفبٔٗ ثزشِ‪ ٝ‬اٌ‪ٛٙ‬اء ‪ٚٚ‬عذ ؽبئف ا‪ ٚ‬يبئك أِبِ‪ٙ‬ب ‪ٌٚ‬زفبد‪ ٜ‬رٌه‬
‫الثذ أْ ‪٠‬زُ رشو‪١‬ت اٌفبٔٗ يٍ‪ ٝ‬ثًذ ‪ ِٓ 2D‬ألشة ؽبئف ‪ٚ‬أ‪٠‬ؿب‬
‫ٔفس اٌفىشح ف‪ ٝ‬ؽبٌخ اٌسؾت ‪٠ٚ‬ى‪ ْٛ‬اٌّسبؽخ ‪1D‬‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 98‬‬

10-4 Fan construction:
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 99

10-5 Fan Specification: ‫ف‬١‫غ‬ٛ‫اٌز‬

1- Flow rate: (CFM ventilation)
2- Head : static pressure
Total Length‫ي ِسبس‬ٛ‫ ثٕخزبس اق‬pump‫اي‬
‫اد ـ‬ٛ‫ٔفس خك‬
= F * Total Length * 1.1
‫ صجزٕب٘ب‬ٌٍٝ‫ ا‬Duct sizer ‫ِٓ اٌـ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 100

11- Ventilation ٗ٠ٛٙ‫اٌز‬

Steps of design:
1- Calculate required ventilation CFM
2- System of ventilation
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
1- ventilation CFM:
Volume of space ∗ n
CFM =
60
Where:
CFM exhaust or fresh , Cubic feet per minute
N number of air change per hour
ٗ‫ خبظ ث‬n ٌٗ ‫ك‬١‫*وً ركج‬
n=4ٗ‫ اٌسبي‬ٝ‫اء ف‬ٌٛٙ‫ش ا‬١١‫ اْ يذد ِشاد رغ‬ٍٝ‫ُ ي‬١ّ‫زُ اٌزػ‬٠ ِٗ‫ومبيذٖ يب‬ٚ -
Axial fan‫ٔسزخذَ اٌـ‬ٚ **

"‫ش‬١‫ سلُ ؾخُ “وج‬ٝ‫جم‬١‫ ث‬CFM
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 101

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 102

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 103

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 104

2- System of ventilation
2-1 Free Ventilation (Fresh air) Exhaust fan:
Cost
: ‫ـ‬ٚ‫* اٌطش‬
Fresh ً‫ْ فًال‬ٛ‫ى‬٠ Fresh air ‫ ؾّبْ اْ اٌـ‬-1
‫ق‬ٛ‫ ضفبـ ف‬ٜ‫يٕذ‬ٚ ‫ب فزؾبد‬ٙ‫ ثشط اًٌشة؛ اٌجبة ث‬ٝ‫شثبء ف‬ٙ‫ِضٍـ غشفخ اٌى‬
ٗ‫ وً اٌّسبؽ‬ٍٝ‫ ي‬Fresh ‫ى اٌـ‬٠‫ص‬ٛ‫ ؾّبْ ر‬-2
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
2-2 Exhaust Fan, Fresh Fan:
‫األؽّبي‬
Solar, Transmission,
Internal, Ventilation
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
‫ٗ فمف‬٠ٛٙ‫ك اٌز‬١‫ ركج‬ٝ‫ ) رسزخذَ ف‬2 ، 1 ( :‫نخ‬ٛ‫ٍِؾ‬
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 105

2-3 Exhaust Fan + Fresh air A/C Unit:

‫ف‬١١‫اٌزى‬ٚ ٗ٠ٛٙ‫ك اٌز‬١‫ ركج‬ٝ‫رسزخذَ ف‬
‫األؽّبي‬
Solar, Transmission,
Internal
,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
:‫نهحصًٍى‬
1200 ِٓ 1800 ٗٔ‫ ٕ٘فزشؼ إْ اٌسشيٗ يٕذ اٌفب‬-
(Duct Sizer) ‫ثإسزخذاَ اٌـ‬Duct Design ‫مخ اٌـ‬٠‫ٔفس قش‬ٚ
QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 106

‫‪https://www.facebook.com/pages/QEC/625648684247100?fref=nf‬‬
‫اٌؾّذ هلل اٌز‪ ٞ‬ثًّٕزٗ رزُ اٌػبٌؾبد‬

‫أسأي اهلل اًٌه‪ ُ١‬سة اًٌشش اًٌه‪ ُ١‬أْ ‪٠‬غًً ٘زا اًًٌّ غبٌؾبً ‪ٌٛٚ‬ع‪ ٗٙ‬خبٌػبً ‪ٚ‬أْ ‪ٕ٠‬فى ثٗ؛‬
‫" إرا ِبد اإلٔسبْ أمكى يٕٗ يٍّٗ إال ِٓ صالصخ إال ِٓ غذلخ عبس‪٠‬خ أ‪ ٚ‬يٍُ ‪ٕ٠‬زفى ثٗ أ‪ٌٚ ٚ‬ذ غبٌؼ‬
‫‪٠‬ذي‪"ٌٗ ٛ‬‬
‫أسأٌىُ اٌذيبء‬
‫‪QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686‬‬ ‫‪Page 107‬‬

HVAC Course 2015 PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

HVAC Course 2015 PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

HVAC course

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحيم‬

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 2

4- Duct design “ Duct Seizer ‫”ثبسزخذاَ ثشٔبِظ‬

Duct " ‫" اٌػبط‬

Circulation chilled water pump

9- Chilled water system Balancing system, load variation system

Equipments [Chiller, circulation pump, FCU, AHU, Cooling tower]

10- Fans: [ Types, construction]

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 4

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 5

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 6

1-3 BTU Sheet

- Space name: ……………………………..

- Space location: ………………………….

Load sensible Latent

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 7

1-4 load estimation:

." Glass " ‫خ‬١‫افز اٌخبسع‬ٌٕٛ‫ا‬ٚ

- Solar heat gain through glass:

A area of glass window )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(

F solar heat gain factor

"‫ "اٌسزبئش‬curtains ‫ اٌـ‬ٚ glass type‫ اٌـ‬ٍٝ‫ًزّذ ي‬٠ٚ

: ‫كٍفٍة حساتّ ٔيؼزفة قًٍحة‬

-: ‫ش ِزبؽخ‬١‫خ غ‬٠‫ً اًٌّّبس‬١‫ اٌزفبغ‬ٌٛ -

- More applicable: F = 0.35

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 8

(Solar heat gain \ feet^2) )ٞ‫ األضش‬ٝ‫ ف‬15 ‫ي‬ٚ‫(ِٓ عذ‬

- Location of the project “ latitude” ) ‫( خف اًٌشؼ‬

- Timing “ month, hour”

direction Magnitude in BTU\hr

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 9

1-4-2 Transmittion load:

A area of glass window )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(

U over all heat transfer coefficient

: ‫كٍفٍة حساتّ ٔيؼزفة قًٍحة‬

-: ‫ش ِزبؽخ‬١‫خ غ‬٠‫ً اًٌّّبس‬١‫ اٌزفبغ‬ٌٛ -

- More applicable: U = 0.45

ΔT Temp. diff. = 29°F, for Egypt

b) Partition"ٍٟ‫" ؽبئف داخ‬, ceiling"ٍٟ‫"سمف داخ‬, floor "‫خ‬١‫"أسؾ‬

A area of Partition, ceiling, floor )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(

U over all heat transfer coefficient

: ‫كٍفٍة حساتّ ٔيؼزفة قًٍحة‬

-: ‫ش ِزبؽخ‬١‫خ غ‬٠‫ً اًٌّّبس‬١‫ اٌزفبغ‬ٌٛ -

* Ceiling, floor U= 0.1: 0.2

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 11

solar & transmittion : ً‫ب‬١ٔ‫صب‬

A area of wall or roof )‫خ‬٠‫ػ اًٌّّبس‬ٌٍٛ‫ ا‬ٍٝ‫دٖ ي‬ٛ‫ع‬ِٛ ٟ٘ٚ(

U over all heat transfer coefficient

ΔTeq = Δteq + Δt correction

... ‫دائم ًا ما ُنصمم على األسىأ‬

Condition Magnitude of Δteq

Δt correction for Egypt = 12

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 12

1-4-3 internal loads:

Qs = no. of person * sensible heat gain for each person

- Sensible, latent heat gain for each person:

1-4-3-2 light: ‘sensible’

QEC : 01111001659 , 01222284244, 01090047420, 01129269686 Page 13

1-4-3-3 Equipments: ‘sensible’

Qs = total wattage of equipments * 3.4

1-4-3-4 Miscellanies Equipments: ‘sensible, latent’:

Locke @ table 50, 51, 52