! #"%$'&)(+*+&-,."0/1*32546"879&)*3"0,;&): *+<>=%&-?A@B7C"0=&-: /D<>=%&FE G+G37CHJI1KMLONQPJRJ79NTS#UWVX/'<ZY-"%(!?+<>4'&-4[PX&-=%<>2\/D&-]

H#^6*D2\: /62\,_&_4D"`7"b: a6<>=b26E



 



  
 



 !#"%$&(')$#+!* " ,
- ./0* 1 #(243 5764$#($#89" 1 $%#+!* " :
- ./0* 1 #<;=3>'@?A+6(.%!BDCE.%FHG%+6(=B ;+,
IKJLI M=NOPAQSRKO=TVUSWAXYJ J JZJ>J JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J I\[
IKJ ]^US_KNO=TVX/X`RKUaNbPAQaRVOWAX/PcU\TVd X`QaPeTfXgJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J hI
IKJji kmlbQSX`noWAOPcQpTbqNbOQaPcQar=TVr JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J iKs
- ./0* 1 #t3 - =* 9#+"u')BA.#=$&wv&%"#x"&+B yH,
hJLI k@Xoz=TVPcQaRKX{rW M=NOPcQaRKObWAX J JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J i|
hJ }~RKOnQSO+NbQar=TVr€J J JZJ>J JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J s
hJji ‚ƒWA„`QS…fTVr=TVX7JZJ J JZJ>J JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J K
hJ† kmlhno„oWc‡ˆRKX{rW>NOŠ‰NOPcQaRKOTVU J J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J ‹
- ./0* 1 #y3 Œ+6(Bˆv&#"%$&=6(+" 1 +B ,H,
- ./0* 1 #Ž&3 - x"#$#9!"#+B"#+K+BA=B x:
JLI k@PAN=TVPcQ\RKd OŠrW k@NUSWA„’‘”“&TV_K„TfO_KW•J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J [–
J —”OnWA_V„TVU4z„`Qa‡˜WA„oT8JZJ>J JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J –
Jji ™TV„oQaTVX~‰NObPAQaRVOWAXˆJZJ>J JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J –Vš
J† ™TV„oQaTVX~…fTV„`QpTV›USWAXœJZJ>J JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J ‹–
J| ‚ƒWA„`QS…fTVr=TVX~rW>RK„orWcOž‡<TVd X{TVULnRŸJ JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J šKi
Jj[ M=„oRKOnWc„T UaQS›„oWf¡
PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX/O=TfnoN„TfUaWAX J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J šKš
J– ‚ƒQaX`PARKOnQSONQar=TfrWAXcqPARKObrQaPcQ\RKd O¢rW)£WAQSWA„oX’n„oTVXoX¤J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\sV[
Jj‹ ¦žNULnQazbUaQaPATVrRK„`WAX§rW “#Tf_K„TVOb_KW¨J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IKI\|
Jjš ©@„oRK›USWA‡ˆTVXªQSXoRKz!WA„`Qa‡«Wcd n„`QaPcRKXJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\if
JjšbJSI ©@„`RK›UaWc‡¬TDQSXoRKz!WA„`Qa‡«Wcd no„oQaPcRDPAUeTVd XoQSPAR­JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\if
JjšbJ }~RVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX/®RKUSRKO{RKd ‡˜QaPATVX8J JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\iK–
JjšbJi PcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX/ObRˆ®RVUaRKO{RVd ‡ˆQSPeTVX J J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\iVš
- ./0* 1 #,3 - =6wGm!B˜$&°¯bG%hBDC²±~H0 * ³$&8´ž69 1 !"µ¶x=KHGm ;Žxy
|hJLI k@PAN=TVPcQaRKObWAX{WAOŠ‰RK„o‡ˆTDz=TV„oTV‡«Wcd n„`QaPAT JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IeKi
|hJ —”O…VTf„oQpTfOPAQaTDrW>UpTVX/WcPAN=TVPcQaRKObWAX{rW k@NUaWc„¬J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥Ie|
|hJji }~RhRV„orWcO=TVr=TVX·“&TV_K„oTVO_KQaTVO=TVX¢J J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IF|V|
i
 



|hJ† hQaX’nWc‡¬TDPATVO{RKd OQSPAR no„TVOX’‰RK„o‡ˆTVr=T rW “4WA_VWAOr„`W J JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IF|V–
|hJ| %cW RK„oWc‡¬T rW·RhW n®Wc„ UaWVWAX·rW>PARKObXoWA„’…fTVPAQeRKd O JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\[K–
|hJj[ “&TcW PAN=TfPAQ\RVd OžrW TV‡ˆQSUSnoRKOh‘KTfPARK›QJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IF–fi
|hJj[bJSI M=NObPAQ\RVd OgrbQaX`nTVOPcQpTD_KWcRhr§Wcd XoQSPeT J J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IF–fi
|hJj[bJ }~RVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX/rW)n„oTVOX’…KWA„`XTVUSQar=Tfr JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥IF–f[
|hJj[bJi +RKUaNPcQaRKObWAX/rW>WAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcX{WAOgrWA„`QS…fTVr=TVX{z=Tf„oPAQaTVUaWcXªrW>z„`Qa‡˜WA„/RK„`rWAO JZJ J¥I\‹Vs
|hJj[bJj ] zUaQSPeTVPcQ\RKd O T˜UaTDWAPANTVPAQeRKd OžrbW  TV‡˜QaUSnoRKOh‘ KTVPARK›bQ°J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\‹K–
|hJj[bJ | }ªTf‡ˆz!RKX/PAWcOn„TfUaWAX²JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J¥I\šhI
|hJj[bJ[ }ªTf‡ˆz!RKX/W lbTVP nRKXJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J VsVs
- ./0* 1 #3 - x"#$#9!"#+BBe
+" 1 +B tH2!,
[bJLI kmlhno„oWc‡ˆRKX{rW)‰NObPAQaRVO=TVUaWcX JZJ J JZJ JZJ J>JZJ J JZJ JZJ  J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J VsV[
[bJ }~RKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX/X`N =PcQaWAOnoWAX^zTV„T W l+no„oWA‡˜RKX{WAOgUpTDObRK„o‡ˆT  JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J hI
[bJji }~RKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX/X`N =PcQaWAOnoWAX^zTV„TD…fTV„oQaTVX~‰NObPAQaRVOWAXœJZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J V|
[bJ† ©@NOnRKX{PARVO `N_TVrbRKX ¢PeTV‡˜z!RKX/PAWcOno„TVUSWAXcJJZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J ViV‹
[bJ| }~RKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX/X`N =PcQaWAOnoWAX^WcOžUaTDORK„`‡¬T !JZJ J JZJ JZJ J JZJ J>JZJ JZJ J JZJ JZJ J f
5 . h* "#$#9KH3 "ž 1 =BBAHG#Fw6  * 1 4$&!B˜$#+ 1 !B t!,Hy
# GmHHF 0 *  t!% $
&c* "%$#9K t!% $

 %     

  ¨ 

k@U=‡¬TnWA„`QpTVUhrW{WAX’nW{UaQS›„oRƒ‰NW/RV„oQa_VQaO=TVUS‡ˆWcOnW~WcUpTV›!RK„oTVrR)z=TV„oT)NOR rW{UaRKX@PcN„oX`RKX WAO˜WAU™ }~RKUaRNQaR

rWcU@‚ƒWAz=Tf„`n Tf‡ˆWcOnoR¢rW¦°TnWA‡<Tfd noQaPeTfXAqPcRhRK„`rQaOTVrR z!RK„ƒWcU
‚ƒ„AJ }~„oQSX`n=RKd ›=TVU#™TV„o_TfXAqNW X`W UaUaW …~R¢d T
PeTf›xRrWcU ˜TVU DrW TV_KRKX’nRrWI\šK‹–DWcO°©˜Tfd n APANTV„oRq!¦gQaP ®RTfP4TVd OJ
k@O8UpTQaOno„oR+rNPAPcQ\RKd OžTˆUaTVX·ORVn TfX WcU%‚ƒ„cJª™TV„o_KTVX^TfzNOn TV›T"!$#%'&)(+*,#.-0/1.2("34-5*67.
8;"/1O9RT8 4(;#QUV:<,9:%#.4=, />#%?,;"@7(W@7:"6A67*"-6B;"-@, @,C&)D/(X>#%E-*Y(F67&)4%(K#%,Z.GH*"-MI"#./J/[(K*"!6A]#.-5\)6A-L-@=-M*(F-L<:@^O!?NP@Q6A#D*,#X&)(:RR/1%.C9:,%=*(K(F@7/16S./J67R:<<::
6S-3-6AK_ ^ 8 *6A-58 *67.2:/;; ^_ a`cb 8
k@X`nTVXZObRVn TVX>®=TfOX`QarRŠNXoTVr=TVX WAO …fTV„oQSRKX)PAN„`XoRKX rW˜UpT¢MHTVPcNUSnTVr rWˆ}~QaWAObPAQpTfX rbW˜UaTed  ]ƒ¦ PcRKO
UaQS_KWA„oTVXm‡˜W`RV„TVX%PeTVr=T^…VW)f J k Oz=Tf„`nQSPANUaTV„%k Ob„oQ>NW{“4RKNb›xW n ?f·TV‡<RKd O ©@UpT"ATƒrWArbQaPeTf„oRKO X`N XoWA„’…+QaPAQSR
XoR+PAQaTVUT WcX`n TfX ORfn TVXcqPARKOgWAU „oWAX`NUSnTVrRrW>NO=T ‡˜W`RK„/zb„oWAX`WAOn TfPAQ\RVd O  =_KN„oTVX{‡uTVd X/zb„oRV‰WcXoQaRVO=TVUaWcXAJ
©%RV„ RVn„oT°z=TV„’nWVq UaT8T hNbr=T³QSOb‰RK„`‡uTfd noQaPATgrW¢] O=T }~WAPcQaUSQpT8“ RKd z!W)¬ ‰NbW¢‡DN(…fTVUSQaRKXoTbJ MmQSO=TVUa‡˜WAOnoWVq
]^US‡¬TE{f RKXoTg{f Rhrb„ehd _VNW)f q§PcRKO²X`N²W =PAQSWAOPcQpT rWŠPARKX’nN‡ ›„oWfqª®Q>c R0+ NbWžWcX`n T WArbQaPAQeRKd O«UaUSWA_TV„oTwTwXoN
…KWc„oX`Q\RKd O = O=TVU9J¦žQaX{Tf_K„TVrbWAPAQS‡ˆQSWAOnRVX{TUSRKX/PANTfn„`RJ
¦¤W d lhQaPcRqH‚DJM§JRhP nN›b„oW>rWAU fsKs hJ

|
[ 

 
   
  
 
 

9 % 

  Y  @

  ¨ 

&“ TPA„oQLnQ +NbW)WAX`n TVQSX+Wcd W

¦°TVQaX/UTf„` n/WcX`n rQ˜PAQSUaW
RVQaUaWATVN
@k O²IešK‹| WAX`PA„oQS›4hd q&WcO¦žQSXoPcWAU\Tfd OWeTž¦°TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPeT  RJŠIF|+q#UaT „oWcXoWO=
TŠrWcU‡ Nw›NWcO(USQa›„`R¢rW bJ&“ J
#„oRKNbno‡¬TfO¡ ™Tf„oQpTnQaRVO=TVUm}ªTVUaPcNUaNX {QLn®k USWA‡˜WAOn Tf„ }~RKO…KW lhQSn KJŠk@O³WAX`W¬‡˜RK‡ˆWcOnRŠOR°WcOn„Tf›=T
WAO¤‡˜QaX zbUpTVOWcX¢WAUƒWcX`nTV„ŠRK›UaQS_TVrR(T WAXoPc„oQS›Qa„ NbO¤noW l+nRbqƒT§Nd O NO¤PcRKO`NOnRErWwORfn TVXcq^XoRV›„oWwUaT
‡ˆTfnWc„oQpThJ)©%RK„)USR¬n TfOnoRqWcO³WcXT Pc„ehd noQaPATbq W lbzb„oWAX+Wd UaQa›b„oWA‡˜WAOnoWD‡ˆQSX^QSrWeTV
X °rWcXoWcRKX>XoRK›„`W NOwnW lhnoR
QarbWeTVU rW¬}¢TVd UaPcNUaRgrW˜™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAXcJ ©#RK„ ®RVOWAX’nQarTVr  N>Q TVd X z=TV„TgWAU rQL…KWA„’nQS‡ˆQSWAOnRgrWAU USWAPcnoRK„Aq
‡˜W)zxWc„o‡˜QSnQS„+Wƒd „`WAz„`RhrbNPAQS„/QaOnWc_K„TVUS‡ˆWcOnWƒWcUnW l+noRˆrW>UaT„`WAX`WO=
Tb¡
 k@Ub}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rW§™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKObWAX#WAXmNbORƒrWªUSRKX#PeTV‡˜zxRVX%PcRKOD‡<TVd X%no„TVrQSPAQeRKd OZrbWAOn„`RƒrWªUaTVX%‡ˆTfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPeTVX
³rW¬X`NX TVzbUaQaPATVPAQSRKOWcXAJ hQ ›QSWAOUaTgQSrWeTgrW¬‡˜QaOQS‡ˆQ eTVPcQ\RKd O°PARK‡˜Rž‰NObr=TV‡˜WAOnR8rbW¬‡DNP ®TVX USW KWcX
‰’hd X`QaPATVXnoNb…KRX`N¢RK„oQS_KQaWcOˆWcOno„oW)USRKX~_K„`QaWc_KRKXAq+ORDWcXªXoQSORD®=TfX`n TDUSRKXgNbd USnQS‡ˆRVX§TOb
RKX§rbWAU X`Qa_KUSR ™ƒ—o— NWfq
PARVO³UaT¢T hNbr=TgrbWAU
„`WAPAQSWAOnWc‡ˆWcOnW‰RK„o‡ˆTVUaQ eTVrbRˆPTVd UaPcNUaR¢rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVU9q XoW ‰RK„`‡DNUeR d zxRV„)z„oQS‡ˆWc„T¬…KcW 
WAUxz„oRV›UaWc‡¬T>rWƒWcOPARKOno„TV„ªWcU ‡žhd OQS‡ˆR>rW N O=T ‰NObPAQ\RVd O¬rW =OQarTDXoRK›„`W^NO¢PcRKO `NOnoR rW ‰NObPAQaRVOWAXcJ
] z=TV„`noQa„/rWcU&rWAXoTf‰’hd R˜zƒNd ›USQaPAR rbW VRK®TVOO WA„oObRKNUaUSQ qWcO(I\[VšK[bq=T˜UaRKX/‡˜W `RK„`WAX·‡¬TnWA‡<Tfd noQaPARVXªrW XoN
nQSWA‡˜zxRbqrW „`WAX`RKUS…VWA„·WAU&z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TrW UpTPAN„’…VT˜r=TVOrbR¬WAU&‡žhd OQS‡ˆRZnQaWc‡ˆz!RrW „`WAPcRK„o„`QarR˜WAOn„`W rRVX
zNOnoRKX^rWcU&zUpTVObRq=UpT‡¬T VRK„ehd T˜rW UaRVX·_V„TVOrbWAX^ObRK‡D›„`WAX·rWZUaT¬¦žTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPAT˜TfOnoWA„`QaRK„·TˆWcX`noW XoQS_KUaR
®=T X`QarR¢TfXoR+PAQpTfr=T TVU
}¢TVd UaPcNUaRˆrWD™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWcXAJ)“4RKXƒzb„oQaObPAQazbQaRKX{…fTV„oQaTVPAQSRKO=TVUSWAXAq!WA‡˜z!)W eTfOrR¢z!RK„ƒWAU
z„`QaOPcQazQSR rW>‡°hd OQa‡ˆT TVPcPAQeRKd O ¢UpTDnWcRK„Ahd TDrW ^TV‡˜QaULnRKO+‘ KTVPcRK›Q q®=TfOžX`QarRWAU4‡˜RVnoRK„ªrWcU#rbWAXTf„o„oRVUaUaR
PARVOPAWczbnN=TfUxrW·UpT>M~hd XoQSPeT  XoQS_KNWcO¬PARVOno„oQS›N KWcOrRDz!R+rWA„`RKXTV‡˜WAOnoW·WcO¬UaT>‡˜R+rWAUaTVPAQeRKd O ‡¬TnWA‡<Tfd noQaPeT
rW¢‡DNbP ®RKX RVno„oRKX PATV‡ˆz!RKXDrbW¢UpTw}~QSWAOPcQpTbJ“4RKX ‡«W d nR+rRKX …fTV„`QpTVPcQaRKOTVUaWcXZrQS„oWcPcnRVXAq QaOQSPAQaTVrRKX zxRV„
 QSUa›!WA„’neqK®=TfO¬z!WA„o‡˜QSnoQarR^WAUHPA„`WAPAQS‡ˆQSWAOnR>WcXoz!WAPcnTVPANbUpTV„ rWcU!WcX`noNrQaR rW{UpTfXWcPAN=TfPAQaRVOWAXWAO˜rWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX
z=TV„`PAQaTVUaWcXAqrW·NO¬_K„oTVO˜OƒNd ‡ˆWc„oR rW·UaRKX ‡«Wcd nR+rRKX rWcUx] O{TVd USQaXoQSX  N‡ WAd „`QaPc!R Vqh‡<TVd X„oWcPAQaWcOnWA‡˜WAOnoWVq+rW
NO=T›NWcO=Tz=TV„`noW>rWAU4] O{TVd UaQSXoQSX  RKUSQaOWATVU J

–
‹     

 

  

   
 
 ^TfX`n T ®TVPAW TfUa_KNObRKXƒTO
RVXAq NbOwPAN„`XoRŠrW}¢TVd USPANUSR¬rWD™Tf„oQpTfPAQaRVOWAX·WA„oT RK›UaQS_TfnoRK„oQSR˜zTV„T¬USRKXƒWcX`nN+‘
rQaTVOnWAX)rbW˜UaTVXƒPATV„o„`WA„TfX)rWˆ¦°TfnWc‡uTd nQaPcRqM~hd XoQSPAR¢R¢—”O_VWAOQSWA„oRbJ k@O³UaT ‡¬T VRK„ehd T rW UaRKX^PeTVX`RKX>WAX`noW
PANb„oXoR)Wc„TƒNOT^zxWcXTVrbQaUaUaT z=Tf„T^USRKX
TVUSN‡˜ORKX#PARKO QSOWNQaW nNrWcX
‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPATVX NO rbWAXoUSN‡D›„oTV‡˜QaWAOnoR
z!RK„)UaRKX ¦gQaX`noWA„`QaRKX>rWUpTŠ¦žTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPATŠzTV„T¢UaRVX)RVn„`RKXAJ˜k@O_VWAOWc„TVU NORŠX`Wˆz=TfXTV›=TŠWAO³›UaTVOPARŠUaT
‡ˆTfnWc„oQp!T ¬X`W NWAr=Tf›=T PARKO¢‡ˆTVUaRVX§„`WAPANbWA„orbRKX{rWƒWAX`WƒnWc‡¬TZnTVO¢PARV‡ˆzUSQaPATVrRJm© „`Qa‡˜WA„`R ®=TV›hd T NObRKX
›QSP ®RKX/W l+no„TO
RKXcqUaUaTV‡ˆTVrRKX …fTV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAXcqTD…KWcPAWcX „`WeTVUSWAXAqT …VWAPcWAX{…hQS„`noN=TVUaWcXAqbT …VWAPcWAX·rW)z„oQS‡ˆWc„T 
T¬…KWcPAWcX rbW XoWA_VNOr=TbJ hWA_~Nbd OwXoNwPeTnWA_VRK„ed TˆnWcO4d TVOwNbO³XAd ‡D›!RKUSR¬rQL‰WA„oWcOnWVq rWAULn TVX^noRhrbRKX)zxWc„oR¢PcRKO
PeTfUaQa_V„Tf‰’hd TD_ RVd nQSPeTbJ{k@X’nRKX XoW TVzbUaQaPATV›=TVOžTˆh QSOnWA_V„h TVUSWAX·WAO°h …+Qa„’nNržrW zb„oQaObPAQazbQaRKX{rWZ‡ˆQSOQa‡ˆTVUaQSr=TVrˆrW
WAOnoWAX^nTV‡D›Q WAd O°_@RVd nQSPARKX·zxWc„oR XoTV_K„oTVrRKX žz!RK„ UaRn TVOnR¬QaOPcNWAX’nQaRVO=TV›USWAXAJ k@U%USUaWc_TV„·TˆUaTVX^WcPAN=TVPcQaRf‘
OWcX rbWk NbUaWA„ ‘ “&TV_K„oTVO_KW WA„T¢NO³TVUSQS…+QaRb¡ z!RK„ =O³TVUS_KR¢PARVO³rbWAUSnTVXƒrWc„oWcP ®=TVX °NO=T¢rWAPcWA z!PAQeRKd O T
NWQaO…fTV„oQaTV›USWA‡˜WAOnW WAU
zb„oRV‰WcXoRK„ƒno„TfnTV›=T rW QS_KORK„oTVOnWAXƒTŠUSRKX)TVUSN‡˜ORKX NWz!WArhd TV O  P4RVd ‡ˆR X`W
„oWcXoNWcUS…VW WAX`R
Jg‚ƒWAXozbN~WAd XZXoWA_VN4hd TVO(TVPANb‡DNU\Tfd OrRKX`W¬UpTfX rbNr=TVXc¡ F©#RK2„ +N§W8d I I  OR°WcX
PAWc„oR
\©%RK„ +N§Wˆd ‡DNbUSnQSzUaQSPeTVrbRK„oWcXƒ_ RVd noQaPARVX
F©#RK2„ +N§W¬d NO=TgXoRKUSNPAQeRKd OTgNOTžPARVOrQaPcQ\RKd O³OWcPAWAXoTV„oQaT
XoW…KRVUS…xhd T¢NO³‡žhd OQa‡˜R rWcU
nWc„o„oQS›UaW WcOnW˜_ RVd nQSPAR
zb„oWA_VNOn TŠXTVPc„ehd USWA_T¢z!RK„)W lhPcWAUaWcOPAQaTbJˆ‚ƒWAXozbN~WAd X

JAJcJAJ·‡uTfd X ‡˜QaX’nWA„`QaRKXc¡~UaTVX·noWA‡˜Qa›USWAX{WAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcX^PATVO{RKd OQSPeTVX  hWc„=TVd O8RˆOR¬X`WA„TVd O8)W NQL…fTVUaWcOnoWAX^T¬UpTVX

WAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcXªrW^k NbUaWA„ ‘ “&TV_K„oTVO_K W
 q+UpTVX_KUaRV„oQaRVXTVX@n„oTVOX’‰RK„o‡ˆTVPAQSRKOWcX§PATVO{RKd OQSPeTVX "!$#ƒNW nTVOn TVX§PARKXoTVX
XoW zNWArbWAOw®=TVPcWA„ƒPcRKOwWAUSUpTV%X & ·R¢XoWc„=TVd O8X`Qa‡˜zUaWc‡ˆWcOnW UpTˆ„`WA_KUaTˆrW UpTˆPATVrWcO=T
 qxUpTˆNb›QaPcN=Tˆn„oTVOX ‘
‰RK„`‡¬TVPcQ\RKd OrW^“4WA_KWcOr„oW A‰NOPcQaRKOTZR ObR
Kq+WAU!‡ˆQSX`nWc„oQSR rbW^UaRVX‡˜QaX’nWc„oQaRVXAqUpT>XTVOnTZWAPcN=TVPcQ\RKd OˆrW
^Tf‡ˆQSUSnRVOh‘ KTVPcRK›'Q NO³‡˜QaONbnRŠrWX`QaUaWcOPAQSRŠTVr‡˜Qa„oTVrRK„cqzxRV„>‰Te…VRK„ $ JcJAJAJ¬‚ƒW Qa‡˜zUaQSPeTVPcQ\RKd OžrNrRVXT
WAOgQa‡˜zUSQaPeTfPAQ\RVd O¬rNrbRKXTbqHrW>„`WAONOPcQpTV‡˜QaWcOnoRWAOg„oWAONObPAQpTf‡ˆQSWAOnRqbWAU4WAX’nNrbQpTVOnW>‡<TVd X{QaPcRKOR+PAUpTfX`n T
˜‡uTfd X§Pc„eh d noQaPcRZ®=Tf›4h d T zxWc„orQSrR UaT ‰ W ˆz!R+PARKX§WA„TfO UaRKX NW^X`W)Tfno„oWc…xhd TVO T z„oWc_KNOn TV„~WAU!zxRK„ N§
W d ˆWAU
z=TV„o2T N§W d rW{nR+rR WcX`nRZOQ!T z!WArbQa„NO¬W `WA‡˜zUaR no„oQS…+QaTV(U  J%k@UHz„oRV‰WcXoRK„cqh‡<TVd X@n„oTVWO NQSUaRqz!Rhrhd T)PARKO+‘
PAUSNQa„~XoNgPAN„`XoR…hQSWAOrbR¬TVUS_KNO=TfX/RVn„oTVX/zxWc„oUaTVX/XoRK›b„oW>UpT X`N =PAQSWAOPcQp)T rW>UaT nWARV„ehd ThqWAOg_KWAObWA„TfU‡uTfd X
rWcUSn TfX/_ RVd nQSPeTVXcqWAX’n T …KcW ZWcUaWc…fTVrTVX·TVUPANTVr„TfrRq ŠTVUS_KNORVX/RVn„oTV+X * -, PcRKOgXTV›!RK„·T  WAX`XoQaTVORJ
#ƒN>Q TVd X·WAX`noRKXƒ„`WAPANbWA„orbRKXƒXoWATVO8rWc‡¬TfXoQpTfrR¬TfzxR+PeTVU hd zbnoQaPcRKXA.q TVNWO NWZUaRKX·UaWcPcnRV„oWAX·nWcOr„=Tfd O8XoNX^z„oRf‘
zQSRKX^PcNWAOnRVX)rW nWc„o„`RK„  q z!WA„oR¬„o%W /W oTVOwUaTˆ‡˜)W APcUpT¬rbWDz„oQSOPAQSzQaRVX·‡˜WcnT 0‰’hd XoQaPcRKX·‡¬TVU&rQS_KWA„`QarRVXAq!rW
ORVnTVPAQSRKOWcX)PARK‡˜zUaQSPeTVrTV
X wrbW ‡«W d nR+rRKX)‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPcRKX^PcRKOb‰NX`RKX w‡¬TfUmWAX’n TV›bUaWAPcQarRVXAq4z!RK„)z=TV„’nWVq
XoWc_KN„oTV‡ˆWcOnWVq@rbW UaRKX TVUaNb‡ˆORVX Vq@‡DN ³zxRVXoQa›bUaWA‡˜WAOnoWVq
z!RK„ zTV„`noW rW¬USRKX zb„oRV‰WcXoRK„`WA?X NQaWcOWAX OR
z!RKXoWVhd TVOŠUpT ‡ˆTV_KOhd =PeTDQSOnNQSPAQ\RVd O ‰’hd XoQSPeT rW>UaRVX/_K„TVObrWAX/‰NOrTVrRK„`WAX·rW>UpT ‡¬TnWA„`QpTDOQ4UaT ®+Nb‡ˆQSUar=TVr
OWcPAWAXoTV„oQaT˜zTV„T „oWcPARKObRhPcWA„ NW nTV‡˜zxR+PAR WcUaUaRVXªWAOnWcOr4hd TVOJ
©mTf„T UpT¬‰RV„`nNbO=T¬rW ‡DNbP ®RKXAq4WcU
PANb„oXoRŠrW˜}¢Tfd UaPANbUaR rWD™Tf„oQpTfPAQaRVOWAX·‰NWDrWcXozUa"T eTVrbRgz!R+PAR¢T z!RhPcR
®=TVPcQpT^z!)W NWO
RKX
X`WA_K‡˜WAOnRVX
rWªPcN„oX`RKX@rW/TVzbUaQaPATVPAQSRKOWcX VqKWAO UaT^z„=Tfd PcnQSPeT·rW/‡DNP ®RVX
‡¬TnWA‡<Tfd noQaPARVXAq
WAUx…VTfPKhd R PcRK‡˜zUaW nRJ f{WAX`zxRVOXTV›bUaWAX{rW>WcX`n T X`QSnNTVPAQeRKd O¢UaR X`RKOŠUaRKXªzb„oRK›USWA‡ˆTVX NW TrWcXoPA„`Qa›hd ¢UaRKX
®WcP ®RKRX NWwUpTMªhd X`QaPAT‡˜RhrWc„oO=TXoW°…VRKUS…+Q\R d UaQSOWeTf(U q +NbWwUaRKXˆ‡ˆR+rWAUSRKX˜rW8UpTMªhd X`QaPATPAUeTVd XoQSPeT T
WAX’n TV›TVOw›QaWcO8WAX’n TV›bUaWAPcQarRVXƒPARKOwX`N8‰RK„o‡ NUpTVPcQ\RKd OgWAO8nhWAd „`‡ˆQSORKX·rWDWAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcX)rQS‰Wc„oWcOPAQaTVUaWcX CNW
‡DNP ®bRKX{‡¬TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKX~XoW>rWArbQaPeTf„oRKOžT WAX`noNrQaTV„Aq=PcUpTVX`Q =PATV„ ¢„`WAXoRVUS…KWc„{WAXTfX WcPAN=TVPcQaRKObWAXAJ
hQSO Wc‡D›=TV„`_KRqƒrbWAXorbW®=TfPAW TETVUa_KNbO=TVX¢r§Wcd PeTVr=TfXAqƒ…fTV„oQSRKX¢‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPcRKX u‰’d XoQaPcRKX¢WA‡˜z!)W eTf„oRKOœT
PANbWAX`noQaRKOTV„
UpT·…VTfUaQarb)W ªrW~UaRKX
‡˜R+rWAUSRK X NW/X`W/UaWAXmz„oWcXoWAOnTV›=TVO DrW/UaTVXmX`Qa‡˜zUaQ =h PeTfPAQaRVOWAX +NbW/®=TVX`nT
WAX`W{‡ˆRK‡˜WAOnoR)XoW{UaWcX®TV›4hd T^…VWAOrbQarR PARK‡˜R)z=TVOXoTV_K„TfrRJ hNb„o_KQSWA„oRVO WAOnRKObPAWAXONWc…fTVX …KWc„oX`QaRKOWcX rW
UpTfX#rbQaX`noQaOn TfX Tfd „oWeTfX%rW§UpT{Mªhd XoQaPATbq\nR+r=TVX#PeTV„oTVPcnoWA„`>Q eTfr=TVX#zxRK„&UaT·z=TfUpTV›„oT/ORKUaQSOWeTfU q  ONWc…VRKXm‡«Wcd noRhrRVX
‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPcRKXA2J 1)„TVPcQpTVX%T UaT ®Wc„o„Tf‡ˆQSWAOn T{rWAUh]^O{Tfd UaQaX`QaX#M=NOPcQaRKO=TfU qFzNUSQar=T·zxRK„#XoN NXoR)WcODWAU+WAX’nNrQSR
 š
rW¢UaTVXDWAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcXWAO«rWA„`QS…fTVr=TfXDz=TV„`PAQpTfUaWAX UaQaObWeTVUSWAXAqmUaRKXD‡ Wcd noRhrbRKX …fTV„oQaTVPAQSRKO=TVUSWAXZ®=TVO z!WA„o‡˜QSnoQarR
TVO=TfUaQ>ATV„
USRKX z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTVX ORKUSQaOWATVUaWcXNW^zbUpTVOnWATVO˜NO=T …fTV„`QaWcr=TVrPeTVrT …KWc^‡<TVd X _K„TfOrW{rW·PeTV‡˜zxRVX
9T(…VWAPcWAXgNO¤zxR+PAR WcXoRVnhWAd „oQSPARKX J€“4QS‡ˆQLnHTVd OrbRKXoWžTVU TVd „`WeT uT«USRKX ‡«Wcd noRhrRVX rWwUpTfX ‡¬TnWA‡<Tfd noQaPeTfXAq
z!Rhr„Ahd T PAQLn TV„ªnoWARK„Ahd T rW PARKOno„oRKU9q=RKzbnQS‡ˆQ eTVPcQ\RKd O¬ORKUaQSOWeTfU qbrbWAXoQS_KN=TVUSr=TVrWcX/…VTf„oQpTfPAQaRVO=TVUaWcXAq_VWARK‡˜Wcno„ehd T
NbO=T·rbWUaTVX TVd „`WeTVX4‡<TVd X&T =ObWAX qVX`QaX`noWA‡ˆTVX4®=TV‡˜QaULnRKObQpTVORVX QaO =OQSnoRKXAq\WcPAN=TfPAQaRVOWAX#WAU hd zbnoQaPeTfX ORKUSQaOWATVUaWcXAq
TVO{Tfd UaQaX`QaX_KUaRV›=TVU qW nPVJLq=WAX/rbWAPAQS„AqhNO=TD›NWcO=T z=TV„’nW)rWƒUaT QaO…VWAX`noQa_TfPAQ\RVd OR+NbW)XoW)„oWATVUaQ eTZTVPcnoN=TVUa‡˜WAOnoW
WAOžTVO{Tfd UaQaX`QaX~noQaWcOW>TVUa_VR rWZ}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rW)™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKObWAXAJ
]^UWAX’n TV„Zn„Tf›=T oTVOrbR°WAO WcXoRKX z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTVX ORKUSQaOWATVUaWcX R8TVU@nRK‡ˆTV„ ›NWAObRKXDPANb„oXoRVXDrW _K„oTVrN=TfrRKXAq
NORX`W)r=T PANWcOn]T NWfqHTVU =OTVUrW)PcNWAOn TfXAq=WAU4PcN„oX`RrW }¢TVd UaPcNUaR rbWƒ™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAXc;q NW>NORX`Nb‰„oQeR d
WAOžUaQSPAWAObPAQpTnN„oTbqOR˜WAX ‡uTVd X NW NO°PATVXoRˆ‡DN Šz=Tf„`nQSPANUaTV„ªrW>nR+r=TVX·WAX’n TVX·ONWc…fTVX·nhWcd PAOQSPeTVX eNW
›=TVX’n TV„Ahd TrW NO°z!RhPcR¬rW ‡˜RhrWc„oOQ eTVPcQ\RKd OŠz=Tf„T®=TVPAWc„oUSR¬QaOnoWAUaQS_KQa›bUaWVJ©#WA„oRˆPARK‡˜R˜UpT‡¬TfnoWA„`QpT T˜OR
WAX~RK›UaQS_TfnoRK„oQaTbqVPcRK‡ˆR UaRKX nW lhnoRKXªX`RKO RK›X`RKUaW nRKXcqhPcRK‡˜RDUpT>Qa‡˜zxRV„`n TfOPAQaT>rbWƒNO PcN„oX`R QaOn„`RhrNbPcnRV„oQaR
ORXoW>…KW>‡DN ¢PAUaTV„TV‡˜WAOnoW ¢zxRV„/RVn„oTVX{‡ Nd ULnQazbUaWAX„T ARKOWcXAq=NObRˆrW oT˜WcU&TVXoNbOnoRˆzTV„T rWcXozN§Wcd XAJ
]€z!WAXTf„)rW UaRŠTVOnoWA„oQSRK„Aq PA„oWcRŠ‡DN  „o‡˜WA‡˜WAOn?W NWNO PANb„oXoRŠrWˆ}¢TVd USPANUSR rWD™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKObWAX^noQaWAObW
XoN USN_TV„cq 8NO³‡DN °›NWcO³USN_TV„cqWAOno„oWUpTVX^‡¬TfnoWA„`QpTVX ‡uTVd X)QS‡ˆz!RK„’n TVOnWcX^rWNOTŠUSQaPcWAOPcQpTfnoN„T˜WAO
¦°TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPeTVXcJ@k@OžW ‰WAP nRqz!WA„`‡ˆQLnWf¡ªI §—”On„`RhrbNPAQS„/O+NbWc…KRVX·PcRKOPcWAzbnoRKX{rW>‡¬TVObWA„TDOTfnN„oTVU  T NO
OQL…KWAU=rbW·z!R+PeT)rQ PANULn TVrq m—”UaNX’n„oTV„@UpT^noWARK„Ahd TƒPARVOˆW `WA‡˜zUaRKX TfPAPAWcXoQS›UaWcX  „oWATVUaQSX`n TfXAqi  ^TVPcWA„@…KWc„
NW)UpT ‡¬TnWA„`QpT>nQaWcOWƒX`NX/UaRK_V„oRKX  X`NXªUaQS‡ˆQLn TVPcQaRKObWAXA<q NW)WcXªNO=TD‡ˆTfnoWA„oQaT …+QS…fT ¬WAO ‰RK„`‡¬TfPAQ\RVd O Kq
WAO WcX`noW/PeTVX`RPq NWªWcX@NO=T^‡ˆTfnWc„oQaT NWªX`W/zNWArbW/W lhzxRVOWA„
rbWAXo‡˜QaX’nQ =PeTVObrRƒUaRVXm‡˜QaX`noWA„`QaRKX%TVXoR+PAQaTVrRKX
TŠXoN³ORK‡D›„`WVJ #ƒNQaX`QaWA„oT XoWc„Z‡<TVd X)W lhzU hd PcQSnRŠX`RK›„oWPATVr=TŠNORgrWˆUSRKX)zNOnoRKX TfOnoWA„`QaRK„`WAX w„oW …+QaXTf„
UaRVXªnWA‡ˆTVX/‡<TVd X/Qa‡˜z!RK„`nTVOnWAX/rbW NbOžPcN„oX`RˆWcO8}¢TVd USPANUSR rW)™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWcXAJ
I 
k@O¬}¢TVd UaPcNUaR)rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVUW{QSOnoWA_K„oTVU qVWAUHTVUSN‡ˆObR>TVz„oWcOrWfq+WcOn„oW·RVno„TVX@PcRKXTVXcqbT)WcOPARKOno„TV„ zNOnoRKX
PA„Ahd noQaPARVX ZzNOnRKX W lhno„oWc‡ˆRKXmrWª‰NOPcQaRKOWcX
rW/NOTƒRƒ…VTf„oQpTfX%…fTV„oQaTV›USWAXAJ%k@Ubz=TfXoR)XoQS_KNQSWAOnWfqWAUb‡˜QaX`‡ˆR
WAX’nNrbQaR z=TV„oTw‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVUSWAXAq WcXDn TVO«O=TfnoN„TfU NWŠUaRKX ‡˜QaX`‡ˆRKX ‰NOr=TfrRK„oWcXrWAU·}¢TVd USPANUSRq  W /nRKO q
“4WAQS›OQSn VqUaR rQSWA„oRVOEQSOnNQLnQS…fTV‡˜WAOnoW  NWžUaTwXoQa_VNQaWcOnoWŠ_KWAOWc„TVPcQ\RKd O«rW°¦°TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKXDno„Tfn=R d rW
‰RK„`‡¬TVUS>Q ATV„oUSRJ hQaO°WA‡D›=Tf„o_KRqxXoQ%UpT¬OR+PAQeRKd O°rbWDQaO OQSnoWAXoQS‡¬TfU&‰NbW „TfzQar=Tf‡ˆWcOnoW „`WAWA‡˜zUa"T eTVrT¬WAOwUaT
rW =OQaPcQ\RKd Ow‰RK„`‡¬TfUmrW˜UpT rWc„oQL…VTfr= T  8nTV„or{RŠd X`Qa_KUSRKX)WAO³WAOPcRKOn„oTV„>NO=TŠPARKOX’n„`NPAPcQ\RKd O³‡¬TnWA‡<Tfd noQaPeT
„oQS_KN„`RKXT  qbUaTObRhPcQ\RKd O¢cW +NbQS…fTVUaWcOnW>rW)…fTV„oQaTVPAQeRKd O¬nNh…K]R +NbWZWcXoz!WA„Tf„·WcU4z„oQSOPAQSzQaR rW>WAX`noWZX`Qa_KUSRDz=TV„oT
WAObPARKOn„oTV„~X`N XoNb›X`noQSnNhn TZWcO UpT)rW =OQSPAQ\RVd O¬rW NO=TZrbWA„oQL…fTVr=T>rW =ObQar=T WAO NO¬WAXozTVPAQSR rW·rQa‡˜WAObXoQ\RVd O
QaO =OQSnTbJ@]^U4rbW =OQS„{NORKX·PAN=TfOnoRKX·WAXozTVPAQSRKX{ORK„o‡ˆTVrRVX WAOžWAX’nW PeTVX`RˆWcXoWAObPAQpTfUa‡˜WAOnW>UaRVX/WAXozTVPAQSRKX

H+Nb>Q 4Tfd X  /rWƒ‡ˆTVOWA„oT QaOh‰RK„o‡ˆTVU  qUpTVX§OR+PAQaRVOWAXªrbWƒrWA„`QS…fTVr=TfXªrQa„`WAPcPAQaRVO=TVUaWcX ¬rWƒrQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVU
XoRVOn TVO O=TnN„oTVUaWc'X NW¢NORwObRwWAOnQSWAOrW¬‡DN ›QaWcO zxRK„ N~W¢d UaUSWc…fTVO(ObRK‡D›„`WAX rW ‡ˆTfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKX
‰TV‡˜RKXoRVXAJ TfX`n T WAOnoRKOPAWcXˆXoTV›!WA„XoQ/WcX`n TfX˜rbWA„oQL…fTVr=TVXWAX’nHTVd OErW =OQarTVXAq …KWcH„ NWŠWAOENOEW l+n„`WA‡˜R
UpTrbWA„oQL…fTVr=T WAXŠPAWc„oRq NO=T QaOnoWA_K„oTVPAQeRKd O zxRV„¢z=TV„`noWAX NbO z!R+PAR«rWAUSQaPATVr=T(nhWcd PAOQSPeTV‡˜WAOnoW  uNObRKX
UaWc‡¬TfX¢‡DN uX`Qa‡˜zUaWcX¢rW P4TVd USPANUSR NXoNTVU q z=TV„T«UaUSWA_Tf„¬XoQSO no„TVNb‡¬TVXŠT UaTVX¢WAPcN=TVPAQSRKOWcXgrbW(k@NUSWA„’‘
“&TV_K„oTVO_KW ®=TV„+W)d TVUa_VNORKX§PARK‡˜WAOn Tf„oQaRVX~XoRV›„oW)WcX`nW)zbNOnR‡uTfd XªTVrWcUpTVOnoW  J@] UTV_V„TVOrTV„ªWAUxWAX`z=TVPAQSR
rW n„oTV›=T `RŠNObRžzNbWArWn„oTfn TV„)X`QaO ‡ˆT VRK„>rQ PANULn TVrwUSRKX)z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVX)rbW˜PcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX>rW ‰„`RKOnWA„oT
O=TfnoN„TfUaWAX OR°WAXoz!WAPcQ =PATVrRKX WcO UpTŠ‰„oRKOnWc„T  q@rWˆ‰„`RKOnWc„TVXD‡<RVd …+QaUSWAX XoRK›b„oW PcN„`…fTVX R8X`Nz!WA„ PAQaWcX
r=TVrTVX PcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX%rW~no„TVOX’…KWc„oXTfUaQarTVr  ZrWªrQSXoPcRKOnQaONQSr=TVrWcXmWcO UpTVX#‰NOPAQSRKOWcX PcRKOrQSPAQaRVOWAX%rW
£WAQaWc„oX’n„TfXoX  J@“4RKXmzb„oRK›USWA‡ˆTVX#QaXoRVzxWc„oQa‡ Wcd no„oQSPARKX ZrW~PcRKOX’n„oQSPAPcQaRKOWcXmrWª“#Tf_K„TVOb_KW PARKObrQaPcQaRKO=TfrRKX 
ORD„`)W NQSWA„oWcO O=TVrT ‡uTfd X NWƒWcO WAU!PeTfXoRDrW rQa‡˜WAObXoQ\RVd O =OQLn Tb¡%WAUHnWcRK„oWc‡¬T rW^UaT ‰NOPcQ\RKd OˆQa‡˜zU hd PAQLn T
 \I s     

 

  

   
 

8UaT „oWc_KUpT rW UaT PeTVrbWAO=TbJD“&RVX)‡DNUSnoQazUSQaPATVrRK„`WAX·rW“&TV_K„TfO_KW noQaWAObWAOwn TV‡ ›Q Wcd OwXoN³QaOnWc„oz„`Wcn TfPAQ\RVd O
_KWcRK‡«W d n„`QaPeT{z!WA„oR WAX’n T …VW)ªPcRKO PcN„`…fTVX%rW~OQL…KWcUhWcODWAX`z=TVPAQSRKXmrbW§rQS‡ˆWcOXoQeRKd O QaO=ObQSn ThJ%“4RKX%z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVX
WAOŠ‰RK„`‡¬TDz=Tf„TV‡«Wcd no„oQaPATbq+WAUnWcRK„oWc‡¬T rW!·RhW n®Wc„¢UpTDQSO…fTV„`QpTV›bQaUaQSr=TVr˜rW>UpTVX~WAPANTVPAQSRKOWAX{rW k@NUSWA„Aq
OR«XoRVOœ‡<TVd X NW XoQS‡ˆzbUaWAX TVzUaQSPeTVPcQaRKObWAX rWwUaT„oWc_KUpTrW UaTPeTVrWcO=TbJ  %„oTfn TV„+Wwd UpTVX¬PARKOrbQaPAQSRKOWcX
XoN =PAQSWAOnWcX WcO°WAUxnWA„`PAWc„ zNbOnoR  J
4k@Uh}¢TVd UaPcNUaR·rW ™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAX4Rf‰„oWAPcW§NbO=T·…fTV„`QaWArTVrZ‡ N >„oQSPeT{rW§W `WA‡˜zUaRVXA¡n TfOnoR^rWz„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX4rW
_KWcRK‡ˆW n„Ahd T _KWcRhr§WAd XoQSPeTVXcq!noQaWc‡ˆz!RKX/rW „oWcPARK„`„oQarbRq TVd „oWATVX ‡žhd ObQa‡ˆTVX §PcRK‡˜RˆrW RKzbnoQa‡˜>Q ATVPAQeRKd O ¢nWcRK„ehd T
rWZPARKOn„`RKU žrbWDMªhd XoQaPAT˜rbW ‡˜WArQSRKX PcRKOnQSO+NbRKXAJ k@X`nRVX^W `Wc‡ˆzbUaRKX·r=TVO8UaT˜RVzxRK„’nNObQar=TVržrW WcX`noNrQpTf„
PARV‡ˆRˆXoW rWcXTV„`„oRKUSUpTNOw‡ˆR+rWcUaR˜PARKOw®QSz{RVd noWAXoQSX^rW PARK‡˜zxRV„`n Tf‡ˆQSWAOnR˜_KUaRV›=TVU gOR¢‡ˆQSPA„`RKXoPRKd zQaPcR 
z=TV„’n\hd PANUaT zxRV„ªz=TV„’n\hd PcNUpTZPARK‡˜R WAOgUaRKX~‡ˆR+rWAUSRKX~rbWA„oQL…fTVrRKX/rW)UaTDUaW ¬rW ·W /nRVOJk OŠWcX`nW>X`WAOnQSrR
WAX^Qa‡˜zxRK„’n TVOnoWZrWcXoPc„oQa›bQa„^WcUmrWcXTV„`„oRKUSUaRˆ®QaX’nHRKd „`QaPARˆrWAU%z„oQSOPAQSzQaRˆrWD‡žhd OQS‡¬TTVPcPAQeRKd Oqx…VWA„)›=T `R NW
PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX UpTƒn„oTVOX’‰RK„o‡ˆTVPAQeRKd OrW·“4WA_KWcOr„oW WAXQaO…KWc„`noQa›USWVqPAN/TVd UHWAXXoN¬QSOnWA„`z„oW n TVPcQ\RKd O_KWcRK‡«Wcd n„`QaPAT
g+NbW¢UpTVX W l+n„`WA‡ˆTVUaWcXDrW UaT°TVPcPAQeRKd O WAO UaTVX ‰RV„o‡DNUaTVPAQSRKOWcX “&TV_K„oTVO_KQaTVO=TV! X  ^TV‡˜QaULnRKOQaTVO=TVX>X`RKO
UpTfX ‡ˆQSXo‡ˆTVX nR+rR WcX`nR«OR WcX¢‡uTfd X NWwUpT‰NbOPAQeRKd O Qa‡˜zU hd PAQLn T  J d·O=T…K)W wX`WAOn Tfr=TVXŠUpTVX¬›=TVXoWcX
‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPATVX%rbW/‡¬TVObWA„T „oQa_VN„oRKXoTbqKUaT^QaOnWcz„oW n TVPcQ\RKd OD‰ hd XoQSPeT X`Wª…+NWAUL…KW{‡uTfd Xm‰fTVd PAQSU J#‚ƒWAUh‡ˆQSXo‡˜R^‡˜RhrbR
UpTfX n„oTVOX’‰RK„o‡ˆTVPAQSRKOWcX PATVO{RKd OQSPeTVX^OR XoRVOw‡uTVd X NW NOwXoQS‡ˆzbUaW>n„oNbPAR žUpTVX UaW KWAX)rbWDPARKObXoWA„’…fTVPAQeRKd O
NO=T·PARKObXoWAPcNWAObPAQpT QaO‡˜WArQaTfn TªrbWAUnWARV„oWA‡ˆT{rW ·RhW n®Wc„AJmk OZPAN=TfOnoR)T{UpT{rWA„`QS…fTVPAQeRKd O>rWUpT{WAPANTVPAQeRKd O
rW  TV‡˜QaUSnoRKOh‘ KTVPARK›bQ q=WAX)zb„oWc‰Wc„oQS›UaWZz=TV„`noQa„·rW UpT˜OR+PAQ\RVd O8rW ‰NObPAQaRVOWAX)_KWcRhr§WAd XoQSPeTVX R rW PeTV‡˜zxRVX
W lbTVP nRKX  °…KWA2„ NW›=T `RgWAXoTVXZPcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX)UaTVX)WAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcXZrbWˆk@NUSWA„>Qa‡˜zUSQaPeTfO°UpT¢rW  TV‡ˆQSUSnoRKOh‘
KTVPcRK›Q UaT/rWA„`QS…fTVPAQeRKd O>PAUeTVd XoQSPeT{rW KTVPARK›bQnoQaWcOW rWA‡ˆTVXoQaTVrRKX4zbNOnRKX%RKXoPcN„oRKX#z=TV„oT·NbO=T “&TV_V„TVO_VQpTVO=T
TV„`›QSno„TV„`QpT  J ]^rbWA‡<TVd X>WAX Qa‡˜z„oWcXoPAQSOrQS›UaWDWcX`noNrQpTf„)PAN{TVd ObrRžWcX …~TVd USQar=T UaT¢Qa‡˜zUaQSPeTVPcQ\RKd OžQaO…KWc„oXT WcX
rWcPAQa„WAU=noWARK„`WA‡ˆT rW KTVPARV›Q  q KT NW^TVUH„oWAX`RKUS…VWA„§NO=TZWcPAN=TfPAQ\RVd O¬WAOˆrWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX§z=Tf„oPAQaTVUaWcX rW zb„oQa‡˜WA„
RK„`rWAO˜PARKO˜WAUb‡«W d nR+rR>rW{PeTV„oTVPcnoWA„Ahd X`noQaPeTfXAqXoN˜QaOnoWA„ozb„oWcnTVPAQeRKd O_KWARV‡«W d n„oQSPeTƒz!WA„`‡ˆQLnWªrW{‡ˆTVOWc„T)‡DN 
O=TfnoN„TfU@WAX`noNrQaTV„ /=N `RKX ^TV‡˜QaULnRKObQpTVORV
X  UpTfX>noWARK„Ahd TVX)rbWˆPATV‡ˆz!RKXcJ¬k@O(WcX`noW¬zNOnoR°WAX OWcPAWAXoTV„oQSR
NXoTV„ZnoRhrRgWAU„oQS_KRK„)z!RKXoQS›UaW WcO(z=Tf„`nQSPANUaTV„>PARKO„oWcXoz!WAPcnoRwTžUaTVX XoNz!WA„ =PAQSWAX QSOQaPcQpTVUSWAX 
rTV„ZNbO=T
_K„oTVO PeTVOnoQar=TVr rbW¢W `WA‡˜zUSRKXDz=TV„oXT NQSnTV„ TVU§‡«W d nR+rRwXoN«PeTf„=TVd P nWA„ rbW¢‡ˆQSX`nWc„oQSR (…VWA+„ NW¢WAO«UaT
z„TVd PcnoQaPeT WcOPARKOno„TV„{XoRVUaNPcQaRKOWcX·TNbO=TD‰RK„o‡DNbUpTVPcQ\RKd O¢NŠRVno„T OR˜WAX{‡uTfd Xª‰fTVd PAQSU J
i  R˜WAX NO=TPARKQSOPAQSrWAObPAQp?T NWZWAU4zNOnoR¬rW UaRKX{USRK_K„oRVX ŠUaQa‡˜QSnTVPAQSRKOWcX~rW UpTDnWcRK„Ad T WAX`nhW d QSOnoQa‡ˆT‘
‡˜WAOnWZ„oWAUaTVPAQSRKO=TVrbR˜PcRKO8UaT˜rQSXoPcNXoQeRKd O°rWZUpTVX{PcRKOr QSPAQaRVOWAX·XoN PAQaWcOnWAXcJƒk@O°W ‰WAP nR X`h Q%UaT˜rWc„oQL…VTfPAQ\RVd O
rWDUaTVX·WAPANTVPAQSRKOWAX)rbW k@NUaWc„’‘ “&TV_V„TVO_VW žrW X`NX cW +NbQS…fTVUaWcOnWAX ¬nQSWAOW NO8PARVOnoWAOQSrR¢PARVOPAWczbnN=TfU
„oWcrNPcQarRqxNO=Tˆ…V)W  NW WAU#P4TVd USPANUSRˆrQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVU&XoRV›„oWDUSRKX·WAXozTVPAQSRKXƒrWZrQa‡˜WAOX`Q\RKd OgQaO =OQSnTˆ®=T˜XoQSrR
WAX’n TV›bUaWAPcQarRbq WAU%z=TVORV„TV‡ˆTˆz=Tf„T¬UaTVX^PcRKOrQSPAQaRVOWAXƒX`N =PcQaWAOnoWAX)WAX^‡uTVd X^PARKOb‰NbXoRq T zxWcXTV„ƒrbWDUaRKX WAX ‘
‰NWc„ ARVX·rbW)_K„TVObrWAX{‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPcRKX~PcRK‡ˆRD£WAQSWA„`X`n„oTVXoX   QaUS›xWc„`nAJ@©mTV„’nW)rW>UaTDPARKOb‰NbXoQ\RVd O¢z„oR\…+QaWcOW
rW¢UaT°zxR+PeT8PcUpTV„`Qar=TfrXoRK›b„oWŠPAN{Tfd U~WAXWcUªWAX`z=TVPAQSRwrW n„oTV›=T `RbJ(‚ƒW¢®WcP ®R XoQªNbOR ›NXoPATwW l+n„`WA‡˜RKX
WAO WcU§WcXoz=TfPAQaRwOTfnN„oTVU ‰NOPcQaRKObWAXDPcRKOnQaON=Tf‡ˆWcOnoW¬rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›USWAXcq
PARKO(XoN ORK„`‡¬T°TVXoR+PAQaTVr=T )UpTVX
PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX X`RK›„`W WAU  WAX`XoQaTVOR “&Wc_KWAObr„oW  £WAQaWc„oX’n„TfXoX !(rW¬PARKO…KW lhQar=TVr«USRhPATVU OR8XoRVO‡uTfd X
NWgUpTwW l+nWcOXoQeRKd OErWžUaTVX PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAXPARK„`„oWcXoz!RKOrQSWAOnWcXˆWcO<WAU·}¢Tfd UaPANbUaR PAUeTVd XoQSPARJ«k@U{WAX’nNrQSR rW
UpTŠXoWc_KNOrTžrWc„oQS…fTVrTgz!WA„`‡ˆQLnWQaOn„`RhrbNPAQS„ USRKX>zNOnRVXZPcRKO `N_TfrRKXAq%UpTŠ„oWcUpTVPcQ\RKd O PARVO(UpT¢nWcRK„Ahd T¢rW
+noN„o‡ ‘ “4QaRVNb…+QaUaUSWVq+UaRKX{‡«Wcd noRhrRVX·rbQa„oWcPcnoRKX zTV„T˜WAPANTVPAQSRKOWAX·WAOžrWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX z=Tf„oPAQaTVUaWcX ŠXoNžnoWARK„Ah d TWAX ‘
z!WAPcno„TVU9J +W ®=TVPAW˜TVXAhd ‡<TVd XƒPAUaTV„TˆUpT PARVOX`no„oNPcPAQ\RVd O³rbW PeTV‡˜zxRVXƒPAWcOno„TVUSWAX noWARK„Ahd T¬rbW KTVPARK›bQ  °rW
UpTfX~XoRVUaNPcQaRKOWcXªTDUaTZWAPcN=TVPcQ\RKd O¢rW ^TV‡˜QaULnRKOh‘ KTVPARV›Q J#k@X`nTDXoWA„Ahd T UaT z=TV„’nWƒrbWƒUaRK_V„oRKX NW>TV›„`WƒzxWc„oX ‘
z!WAPcnoQS…fTVXª‡ N ˜QaOnWc„oWAXoTVOnWcX·WcO¢_KWARV‡ˆW n„Ahd T ˆWAO noWARK„Ahd TZrbW>¦žRK„`XoW …VWA„/z=Tf„T WcX`nR WcU ‡DN ¬WcUaWA_KTVOnWVq
 KI I
z!WA„oR)‡<TVd X%rQS‰’hd PAQaU9qFUaQa›b„oR·rW·¦žQaUSORK„ J&]^Uh›NXoPATV„@W l+no„oWA‡˜RKXm‰NbWA„`noWAXcqWAX
rWcPAQS„
rRKOrbWªUpT^ObRK„o‡ˆT^WAXmNOQL‘
PeTf‡ˆWcOnoW UaT rbW ‰NOPcQaRKObWAXPARKOnQSON=TVX z!RK„§USR)n TVOnRZrRKX ‰NOPcQaRKOWcX~PcWA„oPATVO=TVX§WAOˆWAXTZORK„o‡ˆT>zNWArbWAO
WAX’n TV„~‡DNˆTVUaW oTVr=TVX§WAO¢UaTZORK„`‡¬T O=TfnoN„TVU  q+UpT«Nd OQaPAT WAX`zxWc„TVO;eTDWAX~NO=T PcRKOrQSPAQ\RVd O rWƒPcRKO…KW lhQSr=TVr
_KUSRK›=TVU&XoRV›„oWDUaTˆrWc„oQL…VTfr=TˆR X`WeT X`RK›„oW UpT˜‰NbOPAQeRKd O8rWDW lhPAWAX`RŠrW £WAQaWc„oX’n„TfXoXAJƒk X’n TVX^PARKOrbQaPAQSRKOWcX
XoRVO°‡DN „oWAX’n„`QaPcnoQS…fTVX{WAOgUpT z„TVd PcnoQaPATbq=WAOžz=TV„`noQaPcNUpTV„~z=TV„Tz„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX/‡DNUSnoQarQS‡ˆWcOXoQSRKO=TVUSWAXcq ŠX`RKO
‡<TVd X{TVPAPcWAX`Qa›USWAXAq KT˜WcOžRfn„oRUSWAO_KNTV_KWVqbWAOgUpTDnWcRK„ehd TDrW>RKzxWc„TVrbRK„oWcX·‡˜RKO{Rfd nRKORVXAJ
‚ƒWAX`zN§Wcd X§rW/WcX`nT UaTV„o_T QaOn„`RhrNbPAPAQeRKd OqPc„oWAR NW{WAX RK›…+QaR NW{UaR>TfOnoWA„`QaRK„@„`%W /=W oT>‡˜QaXmRKzQaObQaRKOWcX
XoR‘
›„`W·WcUPARVOnoWAOQSrR  UpTƒzb„oWAX`WAOn TfPAQ\RVd OˆrW{NOPcN„oX`RZQSOno„oR+rNP nRK„`QaR>TVUH}¢Tfd UaPANbUaRƒrW/™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKObWAXAJ%]^OnWcX
rWƒW lbTV‡ˆQSO=TV„§WAO¢‡<TVd XªrW n TVUSUaW·WAU USQa›„`R rW %„`RKNbn‡ˆTVOqhWAX/OWcPAWcXTV„`QaRD…KWc„ªPAN/TVd UaWcXªXoRKOŠUSRKX~RVno„oRKX§UaQS›„oRKX
NW NORŠzNbWArW NXoTV„)z=TV„oT r=TV„ƒWcXoW PcN„oX`RJ “4RKX)USQa›„`RKX^X`RK›„`W˜}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rbW ™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWcX^XoW rbQS…+QarWcO
WAO«rRVX _K„TVObrWAX _K„`Nz!RKXAJ(k U~z„oQS‡ˆWc„oR8PcRKOXoQSX`noW¢WAO«UpTVX W l+nWcOXoQSRKOWAXrW¢UaTžnWcRK„Ahd Tbq@PARVOEUaT°®Wc„o„TF‘
‡˜QaWAOnTDrWAU4] O{TVd UaQSXoQSX/M=NOPAQSRKO=TVU9qhWcXoPc„oQSnTVX{„oWcPAQaWcOnWA‡˜WAOnoW zTV„T WAU4ObQS…KWcU4rW>zxRVXo_K„oTVrRJ k@On„`W WcX`noRKX
UaQS›„oRVXAqKUSRKX
nW lhnoRKX rW·
k VWAUaTVOrh‘ %Wc‡¬Tf‡žq—”R xW ‘ /Qa®RV‡ˆQS„oR\…!q )QaOrWc„oUSWA®„`WA„’‘ +n Tf‡ˆz=TfPAP ®QaT D™TVQaO›!WA„`_
z„`WAXoWcOn TVONbO›NbWAO(zTVORK„oTV‡¬T rbWˆUaTŠQSO…KWAX’nQS_TVPAQeRKd O „oWcPAQaWcOnWVJˆ©mTf„Tg‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVUSWAX)PANTVr„=Td nQaPcRKX  
WAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcXƒUaQSOWeTfUaWAX ª®=T ž‡ NP ®RKXƒUSQa›„`RKX !T¬ObQS…KWcU%QSOn„oR+rNP nRK„`QaR˜„oWcPARK‡˜WAOrTV„ehd T˜WcU#noW l+nR¢r'W f·W K‘
nRV„ +XAJ k@UHXoWc_KNOrRZ_K„oNbzxR WAX§WAUHrW·UaRK X UaQS›„oRVX@QaOn„`RhrNbPcnRV„oQaRVXAqUpT>‡ˆT VRK„Ahd T)WAXoPc„oQLnRKX®=TVPcW ‡<TVd X rW Vs
TO
RKXcq„oW /=W oTVObr'R NQ 4TVd X UpT)›=T oT rW z!RKzNUaTV„oQSr=TVr )rb W·UaT)‡¬Tf noWA„`QpTbJ%k@Ono„oW·WAUSUaRKX@WcX`nHTfd O¬UaRVX@PAU\Tfd XoQaPcRKXAq
RK›„oTVXªrW^‡¬TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKX rW^z„oQSOPAQSzQaRKXrWƒWcX`noW)XoQa_VUa-R  RKU eTbq UaQSXoXcq}ªTV„oTfn®bWAR+rRK„   ˆz!RK„~USRZn TfOnoR
‡DN žPANbQar=TVrbRKXoRKX)X`RK›„`W UpT¬rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›QSUaQSr=TVrŠrW UpTfX^‰NOPcQaRKO WcXƒz!WA„oR¢X`QaOwWcX`n„`NPcnoN„TŠTVUS_KWA›b„TVQSPeT 
PARVOžz!RhPcRKX{W `Wc‡ˆzUSRKXAJk@X`n=TVd OžnTV‡D›Q WAd OŠUaRVX/UaQa›b„oRKX/X`WA„oQSRKX{rW ‡«Wcd nR+rRKX/‡ˆTfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKXªrbWZUaT˜M~hd XoQSPe)T 
PARV‡ˆRZWAU }~RKN„TfOn’‘ ·QaUa›!WA„’n ˆWcUHUaQa›b„oR rW)¦ž Q ®UaQSO WAO _KWcOWA„oTVU!UpT>z=TV„`noW^rWƒ}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rW·™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAX
XoW·„oWcrNPcWƒT)UpTVX PcRKOrQSPAQaRVOWAX OWcPAWAXoTV„oQaTVX XoW{n„Tn TVO‡<TVd X ›QaWcOˆUSRKX@z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVX ‡DNbUSnQSrQa‡˜WAObXoQaRVO=TVUaWcX
¢rW>z„`Wc‰Wc„oWAObPAQpT PcN=TVr„Tfd nQSPARKX  J “&T UaQSnoWA„oTfnN„oTDXoR\…+Q W d nQaPATDnQaWcOWƒnW l+nRKX{‡DN  PARK‡˜zUaW nRKX ¢PARKOg‡DNh‘
P ®RKX>W `WA‡˜zUaRKX k@U jX`_KRKUjPf.q 1>WcUS‰TVOr+‘ M=RK‡˜QaO /zxWc„oeR N>Q TVd X)UpT ObWAPAWcXoQSr=TVr³rWz„oR+rNPcQa„)UaQS›„oRVX^z=TV„oT
QaOb_KWAOQSWA„`RKX UaWcX˜QS‡ˆzbQarQeR°d NXoTV„ ‰„TVOPATV‡˜WAOnWŠWAU/USWAO_VN=T `WŠrWAU/] O{TVd USQaXoQSX M=NOPcQaRKO=TfU J hQSO²Wc‡D›=TV„`_KRq
WAX’nRKXuNd ULnQS‡ˆRKX WA„oTVOq ®=TVX’n Tw®=TVPcWŠTVUa_VNORKX TOb
RKX (‡ˆcW APAUaTVrRKX PARKO«UpTfXDORVnTVX rWg}~RKN„oTVOn PcRKO
TVUS_KNORKX§WAUSWA‡˜WAOnRKX~rWƒWAX`z=TVPcQaRKX/ORV„o‡ˆTVrRKXcqhUSRKX§noW l+nRKX/‡<TVd X~‰fTfd PAQaUSWAXrW)WAOnoWAOrWc„  rW^z„oWcXoWAOnTV„{T
UaRVX{TVUaN‡˜ORKXcJ 9©@„`W =Wc„oR¬ObR˜‡˜WAObPAQaRVO=TV„ªUSRKX/UaQS›„oRKX~rWZ‡ˆTV_KQaT QaOb_KWAOQSWA„`QaU  J
k@U>UaQa›b„oR rW %„`RKNbno‡¬TVO¤WcXAq)XoQSOœrbNr=T<TfUa_KNOT«zTV„T«NO PAN„`XoR<QSOn„oR+rNP nRK„`QaRq ‡DN  X`Nz!WA„oQSRK„gT
nR+rRKXˆUaRKX˜nW lhnoRKX¢‡˜WAOPcQaRKO=TfrRKXA¡ USUaWAOTNO _K„oTVOu®NWcPAR <z!R+r„ehd TXoWc„Aq{XTfUS…KR«TfUa_KNOTVX¬„`WAXoWc„`…fTVXcq
RKd zbnoQa‡˜RJk U/USQa›„`R8PARVOX`nT rbWgrbRKX z=TV„’nWAXcq§PATVr=T NO=TwrQSXoWO=
Tfr=T8zxRV„ WAU/TVNhnRK„ z=Tf„T8NOEXoWc‡ˆWcX`n„`W
Pc„oWc=R NWrW ®bWAP ®RgWAO³NO PAN„`XoRgz=TV„oT¬‰’hd XoQSPARK
X 8‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPcRKX^NObRgzbNWArW …VWA„)nR+rR¢WAU@‡ˆTfnoWA„oQaTVU
rWcUUSQa›„`R ³T~Nd O ‡uTVd X>WcO(NOXoWA‡˜WAX’n„`W  JŠ“&TŠz„oQS‡ˆWc„T¢z=TV„’nW˜PAN›b„oW˜UpTVX>PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX>OWAPcWAXoTV„oQaTVX 
WAX UpT˜‡ˆW `RK„ USRK_K„oTVr=TbJ{k@O8NO°z„oQS‡ˆWc„ PATVz4hd noNUaR˜zUaTVOnWeT˜UaRKX·z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX PcU\TVd X`QaPARVX rWZRKzbnoQa‡˜>Q eTfPAQ\RVd Oq
PARVO²NOT ‡ N  ›NWcO=T rQaX`PANX`Q\RKd OE®QaX’nHRKd „`QaPAT  NO=Tw_K„oTVOE…fTV„`QaWcr=TVr rWŠW `Wc‡ˆzbUaRKXcJ« k OEWAU/X`WA_KNbOrR
PeTfz4hd noNUaR>QaOno„oR+rNPAWfqrW{‡¬TVObWA„T>‡DN DPAUpTf„TbqWcXoz=TVPcQaRKXrW/‰NOPcQaRKObWAX XoRVUpTV‡˜WAOnW   UpT)rWc„oQS…fTVrT
rW 1T
nWeTfNhlxJuk@O<WcU{noWA„`PAWA„˜PeTfz4hd noNUaR zUaTVOnWeT WAU{z„`RK›USWA‡ˆT rbWžX`N =PAQSWAOPcQpT z=TV„oT³QSOnoWA_K„oTVOrRVX 
PARVOX`no„oQaPcPAQSRKOWAX#PARVO…VW lbTVXc¡
WAX’nW~ObR WcXmWAURK„`rWAO n„oTVrQaPcQaRKOTVU  NOR zNWArbWªTVUSWA_TV„ NW§WAX’nRKX%XoRKOZPeTVX`RKX
z=TV„’nQSPANUaTV„oWc!X  NW NbOR°ORžUaUSWA_TŠrQa„`WAP n TV‡˜WAOnWˆTžUaTgzTV„`noW¬‡<TVd XZX`N›X’n TVOPcQpTVUrW˜UpTVX WAPcN=TVPcQaRKOWcX
rW³k@NUaWc„’‘”“#Tf_K„TVOb_KWVJ€k@UƒRV„orWcOœWcXgNbO=TEPcNWAX’nQeRKd O¤rW _KNX`noR²z!WA„`XoRKOTVU zbNWArW³PeTf‡D›QpTf„oXo W   WAU
rW #„oRVNbn‡ˆTVO z!WA„`‡ˆQLnW·zUpTVOnoWeTV„nR+rRKXªUSRKX~z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVX§PcU\TVd X`QaPcRKXªTVU!‡˜QaXo‡˜RZnoQaWc‡ˆz!-R  ‰„oRKOnWc„T USQa›„`WVq
PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX@rWªno„TVOX’…KWc„oXTfUaQarTVr Dz„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX
PARKObrQaPcQaRKO=TfrRKX  Dn„oTfn TV„mPARK‡˜zUaW n TV‡˜WAOnoWªNO=T)XoWc„oQSW
 I     

 

  

   
 

r W8W `WA‡˜zUaRVXˆPcU\TVd X`QaPARVXAq/XoQSOu‡ˆT"NQaO=Tf„oQpTwz!WAXoTVr=TbJ¨] rWA‡<TVd XˆzNWArbWwr=TV„¬›bNWAORVX „oWcXoNULn TVrRVX¬z=TV„oT

TVUSN‡ˆObRKX NWORŠnQaWcOWAO ‡DN  T HTV;O eTVrRŠWcU@PARKOPc WAzbnoRžrbW˜rbQS‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVU9JDk@O³WAU
PcN=TV„`noRžPATVz4hd nNUSRqWAU
TVNbnoRK„ƒz„`NWA›TŠUSRKXƒUSWA‡ˆTVX^rW“&TV_V„TVO_VW 8rW‚ƒN RKQaX ‘Qf{W+‡ˆRVOr¡·WAO WAX’nW PeTfz4hd noNUaR ®N›bQaWA„oT XoQSrR
Nbd nQSU+TV_K„oWc_TV„#WAUhNXoR)rW~UaRKXmTVUaQSXTVrRV„oWAX#rW/M=„`QaWArb„oQaP ®bX T NW~WAUhno„TV›T oTV„mPcRKOD‰NOPcQaRKObWAX
rW~PAUpTfXoW 

XoQS‡ˆzbUaQ PeT)‡DNP ®RZUpT>rWA„`QS…fTVPcQ\RKd O ˜UpT TVzUaQSPeTVPcQ\RKd OrW·UpTfX§WcPAN=TVPcQaRKObWAX~rbW^k@NUSWA„’‘”“&TV_K „TfO_KW zxWc„o‡˜QSnW
r=TV„ NOwz„`Qa‡˜WA„^W `WA‡˜zUaRˆrWDrWc„oQL…VTfr=TVXƒr§Wcd ›QaUSWAX rWDrQSX`n„`Qa›NbPAQaRVOWAX RVno„oR rW UaRKX ‡ˆQSX`noWA„oQSRKX ˆrWDUaT
¦°TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPeT  J@k@OžWcU NQaOnR˜PeTfz4d noNUaR #„oRKNhn‡ˆTVO n„oTfn T UaRVX/WAXozTVPAQSRKX{ORK„o‡ˆTVrRVX ¢UpT rWc„oQS…fTVrTDrW
M=„+Wcd P ®WcnAJž] +Nhd q
PcRK‡ˆRgWAOnR+rR°Wch U§USQa›„`Rq&WAU§TVNbnRV„ZWcXDW l+n„`WA‡ˆTVr=TV‡˜WAOnoW¬PANbQar=TVrbRKXoR°TVPAWc„oPeTžrW¬UaT
W lhQSX`nWcOPAQaT˜rbW UaTVX/rQSX`nQSOn TVX/rWc„oQL…VTfr=TVX ¢X`RK›„oW>UaT„`WA_KNbUpTV„`Qar=TVr¬rWZUaTVX~‰NObPAQaRVOWAXcJ
k@U Nd USnoQa‡˜R(PeTfz4hd noNUaR rW UaTz„oQS‡ˆWc„Tz=TV„’nW WAXgXoRV›„oW UpTfX¢WAPANTVPAQSRKOWAXŠrW³k@NUSWA„’‘”“&TV_K„TfO_KW  X`NX
W l+noWAOX`QaRKOWcX¬z=Tf„T UaRKXrQL…KWA„`XoRKXˆz„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVX rbWžRKzhnQa‡˜>Q ATVPAQeRKd OJ hRVO<RK‡˜QSnoQarRKX UaRKXz„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX WAO
‰RK„`‡¬T³z=TV„Tf‡«W d n„oQSPeT <USRKX¬QSOnoWA_K„oTVOrRVX ®RK‡˜RK_%Wcd OWARKXcq{UpT„`WA_KUaT(rW8UaTPATVrWAOT <WcU nWcRK„oWc‡¬TrW
 R+Wcno®WA„ WcX`noW Nd USnoQa‡˜RwWAXˆNO=Tz!WAOTz!RK„ˆUaTVX˜TVzUSQaPeTfPAQaRVOWAX˜T UpTVX˜UaW KWAXˆrWgPARKOX`WA„’…VTfPAQ\RVd O ETUaT
rWc„oQS…fTVPcQ\RKd O rWQSOnoWA_K„oTVUaWcX)z„oQS‡ˆWc„TVXcq4PARK‡˜R   
   q#X`RK›„`WnoRhrbRžr=TfreR +NbWˆWcU TVNbnRV„
z„`NWA›=T)WcX`n TNd ULnQa‡ˆT QSrWAOnoQar=TVrDno„TfnTVOrR)NbO˜PA TVXoR>z=Tf„`nQSPANUaTV„mrbWAUb noWARK„`WA‡ˆTƒrW  R+Wcn®bWA„ WcUWAX’‰NWAO„ AR
TVrQSPAQSRKO=TVUzTV„Tz„oRV›=TV„{WAUnoWARK„`WA‡ˆT˜WcO°_KWcOWA„oTVU&ORˆ®N›bQaWA„oT˜X`QarR˜‡DN  _K„TVObrW  J~] z=TV„`noW>rWZWcX`nTVX
RK‡˜QaX`QaRKOWcXAqUpT>z„`WAXoWcOn TVPcQ\RKd O¢rW UaRKXPARVOPAWczbnRKXcqrW UaRKXW `Wc‡ˆzUSRKXPARKO X`NXªX`RKUaNPcQaRKObWAXz=TV„oPcQpTVUSWAX ˜XoN
rQSXoPANbXoQ\RVd O³‡ N wrW n TVUSUpTVr=ThqrWAU@rbWAXTf„o„oRVUaUaR¢®bQaX`n=RKd „oQSPARq4rbW˜UaTVXƒz!RhPATVX>rQ PANULn TVrWcXƒnhWcd PAOQSPeTVX wrWUaT
XoWcUaWcPAPAQeRKd OgrW>UaRKX/W `WA„oPcQaPcQaRKXcqWAX{rQL‰’hd PAQSUxrbW ‡˜W `RV„TV„cJ
“&T XoWc_KNOr=T zTV„`noWDWAX)UaT¬‡uTfd X^PARV„`n Thq4T zxWcXTV„^rWAU%‡¬TfnoWA„`QpTVU&z„`WAXoWcOn TVrRbq CN>Q TVd XƒUaT¬‡ˆWcORKXƒz!WAO+‘
XTfr=TbJ k@OWAU z„oQS‡ˆWc„)PeTVzhd nNbUaRŠXoW…KWˆ‡DN  PANbQar=TVrbRKXTV‡˜WAOnoW˜WcU PeTVX`R°rW‰NOPcQaRKOWcXZrbQS‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›bUaWAX
z!RK„ƒz!WAr="T cRKXAq&UaTVXƒPARVOX`no„oQaPcPAQSRKOWAX)QSOnWA„`O=TVX °UpTVXƒPcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX^OWAPcWAXTf„oQpTfX)z=TV„T¢NO ‡žhd OQS‡ˆR˜UaR+PeTfU q
NXoTVOrR ‰NWA„’nWc‡ˆWcOnoWŠUpTwPARKO…VW lhQar=TfrJ %„`RKNbn‡ˆTVO«rWcrQaPAT³WcUªXoWc_KNOrRPeTVzd nNbUaR TwUaRKX zb„oQaObPAQazbQaRKX
…fTV„oQaTVPAQSRKO=TVUSWAX@rW UpTZ¦žWAPTVd OQSPeTb¡
WcUxrbWAXTf„o„oRVUaUaR ®QSX`nHRVd „oQaPcRZWcX`n=T d ‡DN ›QSWAOˆrRhPcNh ‡˜WAOn TVrbR ˜W lhzUaQSPeTVrbR
WAO nhWAd „`‡ˆQSORKX~‡ˆTfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKX hUaTVX§‰RK„`‡¬TfX~PeTfO{RKd OQSPeTVXªX`RKO¢UaQS‡ˆzbQpTV‡˜WAOnW{rWc„oQL…VTfr=TVXAqhPARKO¢UaTDT +Nr=TDrWcU
nWcRK„oWc‡¬TDrbW)UpTZ‰NObPAQ\RVd OgQS‡ˆzbUhd PcQSnTbq  USRKXªW `WA‡˜zUaRKX~rW)‡ˆWcrQaRVXªPARKOnoQaONRKX/X`RKO¢n„Tn TVrRVX/rW)‡¬TfOWA„oT
TVrWcPAN=Tfr=TbJ hQSOWA‡ ›=TV„o_VRqmWcUªTVNbnoRK„ OR8…KW PcRKOX`N =PAQSWAOnW¢rbWcn TfUaUaW˜UpTgQaOnWc„oz„`WcnTVPAQeRKd O(_KWcRK‡«Wcd n„`QaPAT
rW8UaT³no„TVOX’‰RK„o‡ˆTVPcQ\RKd O²rWw“4WA_KWcOr„`W <RKUL…+Qar=T³UpTVX˜n„TfOX`‰RK„`‡¬TfPAQaRVOWAX˜PeTVO/RKd OQaPATVX ²UpTVXˆUaW KWAX¬rW
PARVOXoWc„`…fTVPAQeRKd OJŠ}~RV‡ˆRžWAX`noWˆPATVz4hd nNUSRgnoQaWAObW˜NbO(PeTf„=TVd P nWA„Z®QaX’nHRKd „`QaPcRq&UaW ‰TVUSnT¢„oQa_VRK„)WAOUaTVX>zxRVXoQa›bUaWAX
)W NQL…fTVUaWcOPAQaTVX^rW UaTVX^rbQaX`noQaOn TfX ‰RK„`‡DNUpTfPAQaRVOWAX  WAOwzTV„`noQaPANbUpTV„ ‡ˆWZz=TV„oWcPAW rW XoN‡ˆT Qa‡˜zxRV„`n TfOPAQaTbq
z=TV„oT UaTƒWAPcN=TVPAQeRKd O˜rW  TV‡˜QaUSnoRKOh‘ KTVPARK›bQ qF…KWA„PARV‡ˆR>XoW·„oWcXoNWcUS…VW NOT WcPAN=TVPcQ\RKd O˜WAOˆrWA„`QS…f TVr=TfX@z=TV„oPcQpT‘
Ua WcXªrW)z„`Qa‡˜WA„§RK„o rWcOJ ^T  WcOŠWAX`noW)PeTVzhd nNbUaRDrWc‡¬TfXoQpTfrRKXªPATVUaQ =PeTfnoQS…VRKX~rW)UaTZ‰RK„`‡¬T WAOŠ_KWAObWA„Tf(U q
NObR8zxR+r„Ad )T q XoW¬zxR+r„Ad TžrWc‡ˆRVX`n„oTV„  (Rfn„TfXZ…fTV_KNWcr=TVrWc?X NW PARVOno„TVX’n TVO ‡ NP ®RwPARVO WAU„oQL‘
_KRK„^rW UpT¬zbh „oQa‡˜WA„oT z=TV„’nWVhJ ]^US_KNORVXƒrW WAX’nRKX>zNbOnoRKX>XoRKO TfPAUpTf„TVrRVXƒWAO WAU¬Nbd USnQS‡ˆR˜PeTfz4hd noNUaR z!WA„`R
TVUS_KR rW UaT¬PARKOnoQaONQarTVrwrWAUmWAX`noQaUSR XoW®=T z!WA„`rQarRbJ k@UˆNd ULnQS‡ˆR˜PeTVzhd nNbUaR WcX)NO PARK‡˜zxWcOrQSR¢rW UpTVX
PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAX)XoN =PAQSWAOnWcXAJ˜k@X`nW˜WAX>WcU
PeTVzhd nNbUaR¢‡<TVd X)QaOPcRK‡˜zUaW nR °‡ˆWcORKX>XTfnoQaX’‰TVPcnoRK„oQSR rWAU@USQa›„`RJ
©%RV„>TVUa_KNbO=T¬„T 4RKd OwWcU
TVNbnoRK„ƒOR¢NbXT¢UpT¬X`WA_KNbOr=T¢rWA„`QS…fTVr=ThqXoWATŠzTV„T¬ObRgX`RK›„`WAPeTf„o_TV„^UpT¬z=Tf„`nW rW
]^O/TVd UaQSXoQaX
MHNbOPAQSRKO=TVU=X`WeT>z=TV„T>rWc‡ˆRKX’n„oTV„ +NbW WcOˆUSR WcXoWcOPAQaTVUHUpT)PARKO…VW lhQar=Tfr¬rW·NO=T)‰NOPcQ\RKd O˜zNWcrW
rW =OQa„`XoW{XoQSO „oWcPAN„`„oQa„ T)UaT^XoWc_KNOr=T>rWc„oQS…fTVrTbJ ·R PATV›!W/rNr=T NW{WAX’nW{zNOnR rWª…+QaX’n T)WAX PcRK„o„`WAPcnoR
‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPATV‡ˆWcOnWDz!WA„`RgQS‡ˆzbUaQaPAT¬NO³„"T cRKO=TV‡˜QaWcOnR¢‡<TVd X)zxWcXTVrbRžWQaObrNPAWˆT¢UpT PcRKOb‰NX`Q\RKd O³WAOn„`W
W l+no„oWA‡˜RKXƒ‰NWc„`noWAX wr§Wcd ›QaUSWAXAJ k@U
PeTVzd nNbUaR WcX`nHT¢d ›=TfXTVrRŠWcOUaTˆnWcRK„ed T rW PeTV‡˜z!RKX)WAO XoNbX rbQS…KWc„oXoTVX
…KWc„oX`QaRKOWcXAJ~}~RK‡˜R˜WcU#TVNbnRV„/ORˆrbQaXoPcNbnh QeRd PARKOgWAU4„`Qa_KRK„~rWA›QSrRUpT WAPcN=h TVPcQ\RKd OgrW ^TV‡˜QaULnRKO+‘ KTVPcRK›Q qUaT
 \I i
PARVOX`no„oNPcPAQ\RVd OžrW>NOgPeTf‡ˆz!R „oWcXoNULn T NOgzxR+PAR˜TV„’nQ PAQpTfU J
“&T PARVOX`no„oNPcPAQ\RVd OžrWKTVPcRK›Q9qh…+QaX’n T rWAX`rW
NOžzNOnRˆzN„Tf‡ˆWcOnoW TVUa_KWc›„TfQaPARbqOR˜„oW%/WoTˆUaTVX{QaOnWc„oz„`WcnTVPAQSRKOWAX{_KWcRK‡«Wcd n„`QaPATVX{rWZUaTDnWARV„ehd ThqzxRV„
z=TV„’nW rW^USRKXMªhd X`QaPARVX§WcO „oWcUpTfnoQS…+Qar=Tfr˜_VWAOWc„TVU!R z!RK„z=TV„`noW^rW UaRKX~¦°TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKXWAO¬_KWARK‡˜Wcno„ehd TbJ
}~R‘
‡˜RˆWcU%TfNbnRK„{ORˆQaOn„`RhrbNPAW UaRKX{zNbOnoRKX^PcRKO`N_KTVrRKXcqHnTV‡˜zxR+PAR˜XoW>…KWZUpT„oWAUaTVPAQeRKd OŠPARKOžUaRKX{‡«Wcd noRhrRVX
…fTV„oQaTVPAQSRKO=TVUSWAXƒrbQa„oWcPcnoRKX NO=TŠzxWcNWO=
TgXoWAPcPAQeRKd O(X`RK›„oW˜WAUSUaRKXcq#T~Nd O rWˆ‡˜R+rRŠzN„Tf‡ˆWcOnoWˆQSOb‰RK„`‡¬TVU9q
®N›QSWA„T8X`QarR°‡DN(TVz„oWcPAQaTVr=T r=TV„Ahd T°‡<TVd X _KTVO=TVXZrW¢WA‡˜z„oWcOrWc„DXoN WcX`nNbrQaER NW¢NOT8XoWA„`QaWˆrW
„oW ‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVX J>‚ƒWAU#‡˜QaXo‡˜R¬‡˜R+rR TVUS_KNORVX^PARV‡ˆWcOnTV„oQSRKX·XoRK›„`W UpTnWARV„ehd T   gX`N …VWA„`XTfnoQaUaQSr=TVrž®+N+‘
›QSWA„TfO˜X`QarR>rWcXoWATV›UaWcXAq+zxWc„oR)n Tf‡D›Q Wcd O˜T"N4hd WAU=TfNbnRK„@ObR NQSXoR>z„oRf‰NOrQ eTV„@NO˜z!RhPcR WcOˆWcU=]^O{Tfd UaQaX`QaX
M=NOPcQaRKO=TfU J k@O°„`WAXoNb‡ˆWcOžWcX`n T˜XoWc_KNOr=T˜z=TV„’nW>‡ˆWc„oWcPAW XoWA„·PARV‡ˆzUSWA‡˜WAOn Tfr=TDzxRV„ TfUa_~Nd O¢RVno„oRnW lhnoR
z!RK„§W`WA‡˜zUSRDWAUUSQa›„`R rW 1>WcUS‰TVOr+‘ M=RK‡˜QaO ¬PAUpTf„oQ PeTVr=T WAOŠWAUxWAX`z4hd „`QSnN¬rWƒnR+rRKX§UaRKXªPcRK‡˜WAOn TV„`QaRKX
z„`Wc…+QaRKXcJ
k@OŠPARKOPcUaNX`Q\RKd O qWAUUSQa›„`R r!W #„oRKNhn‡ˆTVO¢WAX/NOŠW lbPcWAUSWAOnW>UaQS›„oR QaOn„`RhrNbPcnRV„oQaRDTVU4}¢TVd USPANUSR rWƒ™TV„`QpT‘
PAQSRKOWcXAJ@“4RKXTVUSN‡ˆObRKX UaRKX@zb„oRV‰WcXoRK„`WAX nWAObr„=TVd OˆNOˆnoW l+nR PAUaTV„oRbq›QaWcOˆrR+PANb‡ˆWcOnTVrRq›QSWAO˜WAX`PA„oQLnRq
PARVO ›NWcORKXªW `WA‡˜zUaRKXcqhPcRKO ‡DNbP ®RKXªW `WA„oPcQaPcQaRKXrW noRhrT PAUaTVXoW ¬PcRKO WcXoz4hd „oQSnoN¬‡ˆTfnWc‡uTd nQaPcR>rW^„`Qa_KRK„
‡DN ZOWcPAWAXoTV„oQSR>WAO WAX’nWªnoWA‡ˆTbJ #ƒNQ 4TVd X%XoNrWc‰WcPcnoR ‡<TVd X%_K„TVObrW/WAX
WcUrWªUaT ‰TVULn T rbW/PARK‡˜zUaW ncW ªrWªUaT
XoWc_KNOrT¬z=TV„’nWVJªk X`zxWc„oRqxrW>nR+rRKX·‡ˆR+rRKXcq +NbWDTVU&NXoTV„oUSRˆX`W z!Rhr„T˜d ‡˜R+rQ =PATV„/XoNb›X`nTVOPAQaTVUa‡˜WAOnoW
UpT Qa‡ˆTV_KWAO rW/UpT^‡ˆTfnoWA„oQa
T D„`WA_K„`WAXoTV„@WAU+nWA‡ˆT)TƒNOUaNb_TV„mrbW/z„oQS‡ˆWc„T^QS‡ˆz!RK„`nTVOPcQpT WcOn„oW/USRKX
PcN„oX`RKX
rWZ}¢TVd USPANUSR ¢UaRKX/PcN„oX`RKX·rW k PcN=TVPcQaRKOWcX{WAO8‚ƒWc„oQL…VTfr=TVX/©%TV„oPcQpTVUSWAXAJ 
mM —Ÿ‚)k<“4] }~— %]
k@UbUSWAPcnoRK„mz!R+r„=T^d rTV„oX`WªPANWcOn T NW/‡˜W~zNX`W/WAO NOT^XoQLnN=TVPcQ\RKd O rQS‰’d PAQaU9q\WAO UaT^PAN=TfUbUpT·PAQLn T^rW RKQaUSWeTVN
XoW `NX`noQ =PATgzbUaWAOTV‡ˆWcOnWVJ¢}~RK‡ˆR Nd OQSPARgTV„o_VN‡ˆWcOnRgWAO‡˜Q@rWc‰WcOh XTžrQa„+W]d NWˆWAX’n TVX XoRKO 
#]
WcX{rWAPcQa„·TVUa_VR QaOPcRK‡ˆzbUaWcnoR ORˆNbOžUSQa›„`RDrW)nW lhnoRˆzbNUaQSrRJ
k@X`nTVX@ORVnTVXmWcX`nHTfd O˜›TVXTVrTVX
WAO NbO PAN„`XoR NW/r4hd WAO UpT MHTVPANULn TVr rW{}~QaWcOPAQaTVXmrbWªUpT d  ]ƒ¦¥WAO¢I\š–fš
WAO°I\šK‹VJm“4RKX§zb„oWA„`„ocW +NbQaXoQLnRKXXoRVO NO¬›bNWAO ‡ˆTVOW `RZrbWAUx}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rW{…fTV„oQaTVX@…VTf„oQpTf›UaWcX NbO X=RKd USQarR
z„`Qa‡˜WA„ªPcN„oX`RˆrW>k@PcN=TVPAQSRKOWcX ‚ƒQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVUSWAX ƒ„orbQaO=TV„`QpTVXcJ
k@OgUpTD‡˜WArQSr=TDrW)UaR z!RKX`Qa›USWƒ®W)n„oTfn TVrbR
rW·OR NbXTV„UaRKX W `WA‡˜zUaRKX USRKX „oWAX`NUSnTVrRKX rWcUxUSQa›„`R)rW #„oRVNbn‡ˆTVOJm‚ƒW WcX`nW·‡˜RhrR WAUHUSWAPcnoRK„ zxR+r„T d
PARV‡ˆzUSWA‡˜WAOn Tf„˜WcX`nTVX ORVnTVX¬z!RK„˜UaRKX noW l+nRKX¬UaQaX’n TVrbRKXWAOuUaTVXˆ„`Wc‰Wc„oWAObPAQpTfXAJœk O<z=TV„`noQaPcNUpTV„cq~r=TfrR
WAU OQL…KWcU@rWˆWcX`nTžz„`WAXoWcOn TVPcQ\RKd Oq#ORg‰NWzxRKX`Qa›USW QaOPcUaNQS„ƒ‡ˆTfnWc„oQpTfU
XoRK›b„oW˜UaRKX)‡«Wcd noRhrRVX rbQa„oWcPcnoRKX>WAO
…fTV„oQaTVX>…VTf„oQpTf›UaWcXAqmObQ§X`RK›„oWˆnWA‡ˆTVXZ‡uTVd X Te…VTfWO eTVrbRKX PcRK‡ˆR°UpTVX rWAX`Qa_KNTVUar=TfrWAX …VTf„oQpTfPAQaRVO=TVUaWcX>R8UaRKX
‰NOPcQaRKOTVUaWcX/PARKO `Nb_TVrRKXcq=UaRKX/PcN=TVUSWAX/®=TVOŠnWcOQarbR˜‡ NP ®R«W d lhQSnoR˜WcOžUaT QaO…KWcX`nQS_TVPcQ\RKd O¢„`WAPAQSWAOnWfJ
}~RKO„`WAX`zxWcPcnR8TžUpTŠRK„`_TVOQ eTVPcQ\RKd O rW˜UpTVX ORVnTVXAq%XoWˆ®=TVO(QSOPAUSNQarbRžTfUa_KNObRKXZW `WA„`PAQaPcQaRKX>z!WA„`R°ORžWAO
PeTfOnoQar=Tfr¬XoN =PAQSWAOnWfJ§©#WArQS‡ˆRVX~TVUHUSWAPcnoRK„ +NbWƒPARK‡˜zUSWcnW{USRKX§W `WA‡˜zUaRVX§z!RK„XoN PcNWAOn ThJ k O¬PAN=TVOnoR T
ORVnTVPAQeRKd O XoW/NbXTVO˜UpTVXmrQaX’nQaOnTVXm‰RK„`‡¬TVXmPAU\Tfd XoQaPATVX
rW/WcXoPc„oQa›bQa„
UaTVX
rWc„oQS…fTVrTVX@z=TV„`PAQpTfUaWAXcqKrQL‰WA„oWcOPAQaTVUaWcXAq
WcnoPVJ“&TVX)ON‡˜WA„oTVPAQSRKOWAX)rbW˜USRKXƒ„`WAXoNbUSn TfrRKX  #WARV„oWA‡ˆTVXcq%“4Wc‡¬TVXcq4WcnoPV$J (W `WA‡˜zUSRK X wW `WA„oPcQaPcQaRKX)X`RKO
QaObrWAz!WAOrbQaWAOnoWAX˜NO=TVXrWŠRVno„TVX rWcOn„oRrWŠPeTVrT X`WAPcPAQ\RVd OJE“#T ON‡˜WA„TfPAQ\RVd O¡ k `WA‡˜zUSR³bJS I bqX`W
„o W =WA„`W^TfUW `Wc‡ˆzUSR I{rW{UpT)XoWcPAPAQeRKd O˜ rbWAU=PeTfz4hd noNUaR)rRVOrW{XoW{®=TVPcW{WAXoW·PARV‡ˆWcOnTV„oQSRJ%“#T>ON‡˜WA„TfPAQ\RVd O
k `WA‡˜zUSR —™ ‘JSI  WAX)z=Tf„T WAU%W `Wc‡ˆzUSR8I rW UaT¬XoWcPAPAQeRKd O  rWcU
PeTVzhd nNbUaR —™ ¡ WAO WcXoW PeTfXoRŠXoWDno„TfnT
rW>NO=T„oW ‰WA„`WAOPcQpTTˆTfUa_K?R NW>WAX’nHT d ‰NWA„oT˜rbWAU4PeTfz4hd noNUa?R NW WAUUSWAP nRK„/WcX`nHT˜d WAX’nNrQaTVOrRbJ
 eI      

 

  

   
 

‚ƒWAX`WAR TV_V„TVrWcPAWc„Tw¦°TV„’n T }~WA„`QaUSUpT (Twk@UaQ eTV›!Wcno® ‚ƒWA„`›xWc UpT°‡ˆTV_KOhd =PATžnQSzxRK_V„Tf‰’hd TbqmT°k Nb_KWAOQSR
‚ƒN„oTVOrq T¢}~UpTV„oT 1>TV„AT °T ©mTf›UaR¢©%TVrQSUaUpT WcU%n„oTV›=T `R¬WArQLnRK„`QpTVU4X`QaO8WcUmPANTVU%WcX`nTVXƒORVnTVXƒOR¬®+N+‘
›QSWA„TfOgz!R+rQarRTfz=TV„oWcPAWc„AJ

¦°k ƒ—’} Dqj‚DJM§J

] f{— “(‚)k IešK‹–hJ
 

9 %


  % 
 %  

hWc_ªNd O(WcU§z!RhW n T¢™ƒQS„o_KQSUaQaRbqWAU~}¢TVd UaPcNUaRgrW˜™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAX>O=TfPAQ\Rgd WAO‹|VsgTbJjPfJŠPAN=TVObrR8UpTŠ„oWcQaO=Tg‚ƒQarbR

‰NOr/R d UpT˜PAQaNbr=TVr8rW }ªTV„`nTV_KR¡/X`NwPAQaNbr=TVr8X`WA„Ahd Tˆn TfO8_K„TfOrWDPcRK‡ˆRˆzNrQSWA„oT¬WAOPcWA„`„TV„ƒNbO=T zQaWcU&rW
nRV„oRJ ‚ƒQarRˆPARK„’nHR d UaTˆzQSWAU#WAO°noQa„oTVX^‡DN  O=TVX gUaRV_K„=R˜d ®=TVPcWA„ƒNOT¬PANWc„or=T rbWDUaRKOb_KQSnoNr ”J d XTfOrR
UpTŠPARVX`n TžrWAU ‡ˆTV„D¦gWArQLnWA„`„=TVd ObWAR°PcRK‡˜R°NOUpTVrRgrWˆUpTŠPAQaNbr=TVrq%UpTŠ„oWAQSO=T¢nWAOhd CT NWˆWAOPcRKOn„oTV„ UaT
PANb„`…fTbq=PARVOžUSRKO_KQLnNr
”qWcOPAWc„o„TfOrR¬UaTD‡¬T VRK„žTVd „oWAT  WA‡˜zxcW eTVOrbR  noWA„`‡ˆQSO=TVOrR X`RK›„`W UaT PARKX’n TbJ

M%Qa_J@shJSI

hQSO WA‡D›TV„o_KRbqhWcU O=TVPcQa‡˜QaWcOnoR ‡˜RhrbWA„oObRDrWAU}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rW^™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKOWcX‰NbWƒPARKO ‰TfOb‰TV„o„`QpTVXz!RhPcRDNXTF‘

r=TVX/WcO¢WAU‡ NOrR ‡ˆTfnWc‡uTd nQaPcR¡#WAO I\[KšK[hq VRK®TVOO WA„`ORKNUSUaQHrWcXT ·Rd zNb›UaQSPeTV‡˜WAOnWƒTDUaRKX§‡ˆW `RK„oWcX
‡ˆTfnWc‡uTfd noQaPcRKX@rW^X`N nQSWA‡˜zxRqzb„oRKz!RKOQ WAd OrRVUaWAXWAU!z„`RK›UaWc‡¬T>XoQS_KNQSWAOnWf¡ hQ!NO=T zTV„`nehd PANbUpT)XoWƒrbWAXoUSQ>AT
XoRV›„oW{NO=T)PcN„`…fT +NbW·NbOW·T>rbRKX zNOnRKX WcOˆWcUzUpTfORq›=T `R>UaT)TVPAPcQ\RKd OrW/UaTƒ_K„Te…KWcr=TVrq@WAd X’n T)n TV„`r=TV„T d
NOŠPAQSWA„’nR noQaWA‡˜z!R NW)rWAz!WAObrW>rW)UpT PcN„`…fTbJ F}~N{Tfd UWAX/UaT PAN„’…fT+NW)r/TDd WAU noQaWA‡˜z!R ‡žhd OQS‡ˆR
\“&T
›„o"T NQaX’nR+PA„oRVO=T
«©mTV„o-T 1 TfUaQaUSWAR 9[Vs T O
RKX^TVOnWAX  WA„oT¬PAUaTV„oHR NWDOR¢Wc„T¬UaTˆU hd OWeT˜„oWcPcn T °RKzbQaO=TV›T
NW rWA›hd T XoWA„{NOžTV„`PARrW>PKhd „oPANbUaR …VWA„·MmQa_VN„T sbJ  J
IF|
I\[     

    
  

     

P=mg

M%Qa_J@shJ
^n„oT PATfnWc_KRK„Ad T rbW z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVX +NbW^®=TVOˆQaOn„`Qa_TfrR  XoQS_KNWcO¬®=TVPcQ Wcd OrRKUSR 
TZUSRKX§¦°TfnWc‡uTd nQaPcRKXAqX`RKO
UpTfX/_KWAR+r§WAd X`QaPATVh XAq=WcX·rbWAPAQS„&\PcN{TVd U4WcX·UaTDPAN„’…fTbq=XoRK›b„oW NO=T XoNz!WA„=PAQSWVqHrW>UaRVO_KQSnoNr¢‡žhd OQS‡¬T

MmQSO=TVUa‡˜WAOnoWVq@‡˜WAOPcQaRKO=Tf„oWA‡˜RKXDWcO²WcX`nT³›„`Wc…VWgQSOn„oR+rNPcPAQeRKd Oq UaRKX zb„oRK›USWA‡ˆTVXDrWœTVd „`WeTw‡žd OQS‡¬Tbq%R

z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX#rbWª©@UpTfnoWeTVN 7N4hd ‡ˆQSPAR{›xWcUa_T{rWcUhX`Qa_KUSR·zTVXTVrbR  qfWAXmrbWAPAQS„Aqfr=TVr=T·NO=T PcN„`…fT^WcO WcUhh WcXoz=TVPcQaRq
ePAN{Tfd U WcX UpT XoNz!WA„ =PAQSW8rW¨TVd „oWAT(‡žd OQa‡ˆXT NW°noQaWAObW8TWcXTPcN„`…fT(PcRK‡ˆR³‰„oRKOnoWA„T
J d ObRzNWcrW
‡ˆTfnWc„oQpTfUa>Q ATV„)WAXoTVX XoNbzxWc„ =PcQaWAX PcRKO h z!WAU hd PANUaTVX rW oTV›{RVd O WcU¢TVd „`WeT8‡žhd OQS‡¬T¢XoWˆn„TfrNPAW¢WcOnWcOXoQeRKd O
‡žhd OQS‡¬T  ¬zxRK„~UaR nTVOnR ®=TVPcWA„/W lbz!WA„`Qa‡˜WAOnRVXAJ k@UORK‡ ›„oWƒrbW }~RKN„TfOn{WcX`n=TŠd hd OnQa‡ˆTV‡˜WAOnW·UaQS_TVrR
T WAX’nW>nQaz!R rW>z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfXAqz!WA„`R˜UaT QaO…KWcX`nQS_TVPcQ\RKd OŠOR®=T PARVOPAUSN4hd rRbJ

  
@k OUaT ›„oW …KWQaOno„oR+rNPAPcQ\RKd O³T¢WAX’nWPeTfz4hd noNUaRq ®WA‡˜RKX)QaObrQaPATVrRŠTVUS_KNORKX^rWUaRKXƒzb„oRK›USWA‡ˆTVX>TVX`RhPcQpT‘
rRKXƒTVU
}¢Tfd UaPANbUaR˜rW ™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKOWcXAJ k@O8nR+rRKX^WcUaUSRKX X`W n„oTfn T˜rWDWcOPARKOno„TV„ƒ‡<Td lhQa‡˜RKX{R ‡žhd OQS‡ˆRVX/rW
PeTfOnoQar=TfrWAX{rRKObrW>UpTVXª…fTV„`QpTV›USWAXªX`RKOgPAN„’…VTfXAq=XoNbzxWc„ =PcQaWAXcqHWcnPfJSJLJLq=WAX{rWAPcQa„cq=W l+n„`WA‡˜RKX{rW)‰NOPAQSRKOWcX
rW)‰NOPcQaRKObWAXAJ©%TV„TWAX`PAUpTf„oWAPcWA„{WAX’nW PARKObPAWAzhnR˜r=TV„oWc‡ˆRVX TfUa_KNObRKXªW `Wc‡ˆzbUaRKXcJ
'@?A+6(.%²;=3;  hWe"T !$#  qbWAU>TVd „`WeTDWcOno„oW>UpTD_V„=T d =PATDrW)UpT ‰NbOPAQeRKd %O # '&  )q (+*,&-*/.F0q # '& 1¤sbq 
WAU4W `W &&q=WAX{rWAPcQa„
! 2#  4367 5 # 8& :9;&=<
hQ># $(  ?! q@# $.  BA¥XoRVO³rTVr=TVX #(WAX^PARKOnQSON=Tbq ePAN/TVd UmWcX)WAUm‡žh d ObQa‡˜RˆrW!2#  XoRK›b„oW noRhr=TfX
UpTfXª‰NOPAQSRKOWcX NW>XoTfnQSX`‰TVPcWAOgWAXTfX PcRKOrQSPAQaRVOWAX

‚ƒW UaT =_KN„oTIKJSI ›  q@z=TV„oWcPAWŠXoWc?„ NWŠXoQ~noRK‡¬Tf‡ˆRKX>‰NOPcQaRKObWAX PeTfXoQ{sbq

noWAOr„`WA‡˜RKX QaOh‰C!$# sbq
z!WA„oRˆWAU#Uhd ‡ˆQLnWƒPcRK„o„`WAXoz!RKOrbQaWAOnoW TˆUaT‰NObPAQ\RVd O# 8& ED sbq0(FG&HFG.\q@# I( 'J! qK# $. 'LA¬q!OR¬WcX
   
   IF–
y y

B B

A A

x x

T ›
a b a b

M%Qa_JªIVJSI
PARVOnoQaON=Tbq=WcX{rWAPcQa„Aq=ObR˜z!WA„’nWcOWAPcW TUpTDPcUpTVX`W rbW>‰NbOPAQSRKOWAX{WcX`nNbrQpTVrTVXAq=ROR˜®=T ¢NOg‡žhd OQa‡˜RJ
'@?A+6(.%<;=3St  4$D+* Be9KB˜+"<+~.%"#&3
“&T UaRKO_VQSnNbr¢rW>NO=TPAN„’…VTr=TVrTz!RK„/UaT_V„=T d =PAT rW>NO=T ‰NOPAQeRKd OŠWAX

$#   3 7 5 ’I  #  '&      9;&=<

 

©%RV„USRƒn TVOnoR TVUb›NXoPATV„ UpT)PANb„`…fT)rW{UaRKO_VQSnNbr ‡°hd OQa‡ˆT NW·NOW{WAU=zbNOnR $( ! @T $. A qzxR+rWc‡ˆRKX
›NX`PeTV„ZWAU‡žhd OQa‡˜R¢rW $#  q%XoQrWAX`PeTV„’n TV‡˜RKXZPAN„’…VTf'X NW¬ObR8XoWATVO_K„T d =PeTfX rW˜‰NOPAQSRKOWcXAJ hQOR
 

NWA„`WA‡˜RKX{®=TVPcWA„oUSRqbnoWAOr„`WA‡˜RKX +NbW PcRKOX`QarWc„TV„



 '&
  3  '&   
     9
 


rRKObrW/z=TV„oTV‡ˆW n„`Q>eTf‡ˆRKX#UpT PAN„’…VTƒz!RK„ ' WAUhnoQaWc‡ˆz!RƒrWª„`WAPcRK„o„`QarRƒX`W/zNWcrW/nRK‡ˆTV„#PARK‡˜R IKqKrWcXozN§WAd X

rWNO PeTf‡D›QaR¢rbWD…VTf„oQpTf›UaWcX J hW zQSrW &29 s  =( q &2 I  \. q
9 s &
! q
’ I & ¬A J F }ªTV‡D›bQpT WAU


„oWcXoNULn TVrbR˜X`QnRK‡ˆTV‡˜RKXªPcN„`…fTVX·‡uTfd X/_KWAOWc„TVUSWAX

'@?A+6(.%<;=3Sy  4$D+* Be9KB˜+"u#"#F+!!* "<.m="&3

hQ&XTf›xWc‡ˆRKX·PAN/TVd U%WcX^UaT˜„`WAXozbNWAX’n T WAOžWAU#W`Wc‡ˆzUSR¬TfOnoWA„`QaRK„cq % N§W d z=TVXT˜XoQ#zxWcrQa‡˜RKX NW UaTVX{PAN„’…fTVX

WAX’nhWcd OWAOPAQaWc„`nTg„`WA_KQeRKd O
“&TžU hd OWeT¢„`WAPcnTgObR°WAX OWcPAWAXoTV„oQaTV‡˜WAOnWˆUpT¢„oWcXozNWcX`nTbJ¢]  N4hd nWcOr„`WA‡˜RKX
NW PARKOn„`RKUpTf„ªUpT PANb„`…fTbJ
'@?A+6(.%<;=3 Ž, 4$D+* Be9KBˆBAHG#F8#"#(Be#.@ mžh"u+~+BA.#=&3
hQ4NOT˜X`NzxWc„ =PcQaW>WAX’nHTd r=TVr=TWAOŠ‰RK„`‡¬TDz=Tf„TV‡«Wcd no„oQaPATDzxRV„   ƒqPARVO   ~ WcOžNbO=T˜„`WA_KQeRKd O¢rWcU

zUaTVORqnR+r=T PAN„’…VT   XoRK›„`WƒUpT>XoNbzxWc„ =PcQaW^zb„oR\…+QaWAObWƒrW^NbO=TZPcN„`…fT-      @WAO WcUxWcXoz=TVPcQaRZrW

  

UaRVX/z=TV„=Tfd ‡ˆW n„oRVXAJ

    
 I\‹     

    
 

     

M(u,v)
v1 M1

M0

v0

u
u0 u1

M%Qa_JªIVJ
hNgUaRKOb_KQSnoNr¢XoWc„=Tbd ¡

3 9 9 9 <  

#WAOWc‡ˆRKX{NOT˜PATVOnQarTVr &   ~rW=ObQar=TzxRV„

 

   43      9   

PARVO UpTžPcRKOrQSPAQeRKd O s q  I  J  hVT ›xWc‡ˆRVX XNWfq@z=TV„TžNO=T8WAX’‰WA„oTbq@UpTgPAN„’…VTžrW

UaRVO_KQSnoNr¢‡žhd OQS‡¬T WAX{NOgPKhd „`PANUSRz„oQSOPAQSz=TVU J \ ©%RK„ N§W d
 WAOgRVno„TVX{XoNbzxWc„ =PcQaWAX



'@?A+6(.%<;=3S, > ZFHG%+6( BAH.@f6  * 1 K#3

\‚ƒW/nR+r=TVX UpTVX PcN„`…fTVXPAWc„o„Tfr=TVXAq+zUaTVO=TVX X`Qa‡˜zUaWcX@rW USRKO_KQLnNrr=Tfr=TbqPAN{Tfd U=WAXUpT  NW^WcOPAQSWA„o„oT NbO=T
TVd „`WeT¬‡<Td lhQa‡ˆT
hQ#rWAObRVn TV‡˜RKX zxRK„'&2  q
  · UaTˆPANb„`…fT  {WcO †s 9qxPATV‡D›QaTVOrRˆWAU#nQaWc‡ˆz!R˜rW
„oWcPARK„`„oQSrR qhnWAObWA‡˜RKX+ NbW WcOPARVOno„TV„·WAU4‡<Td lhQa‡˜RDrW
  
 

!8&
  3  '&
  & 
C9






PARVOžUaTDPARKOrbQaPAQeRKd O    '&   
     9 J
  

@k X`noWˆWcX WAU@zb„oRVnoRVnQSzxRŠrWnR+r=TŠNO=TŠXoWA„`QaW˜rWz„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVX>PcRKOrQSPAQaRVO=TVrRKXcJ¬k@OWAX`noWˆPATVXoRbq%UaTg„`WAQaOT
‚ƒQarbRˆ®N›QSWA„oTˆz!RhrQSrR˜PARKOPcUaNQS„ NWZUpTXoRKUSNPAQeRKd O°WcX^WcU%PVhd „oPcNUaRbq!X`QaOžWA‡D›=Tf„o_KR˜UpT˜XoRKUSNPAQeRKd Ož„`Qa_KNb„oRKXoT
‰NW>r=TVrTX`RKUpTf‡ˆWcOnoW>T˜zb„oQaObPAQazbQaRKXªrbW WcX`noW X`Qa_KUSRJ
'@?A+6(.%¤;H3S,  \‚ƒWZnoRhrTVX UaTVX·PAN„’…VTfX NWDNOWcO TˆrRVX^zNOnoRKX žrW USRKO_KQLnNrgr=TVr=ThqxPcN{TVd UmWcX^UaT
NWZTVUaPATVWO eTDNbO=TˆTfUSnNb„TD‡<Td lhQa‡ˆT
Š] N4hd XoW)n„oTfn T rW>WAObPARKOn„oTV„{UpT PeTfOnoQar=Tfr
‡¬TFl  ‡ˆT7 l # '&  
  
5

   
   I\š
rRKObrW
WcX·WcU4PARKO `NOnR˜rW)‰NOPAQSRKOWcX # '&  q=PcRKO-# $(   !Zq0# $.   A¬q
3 7 5 ’I  #   '&     9;&  <


f(x)

M%Qa_JªIVJi
a b

@k U%USWAP nRK„{XoW zxR+r„=Td PARVO…VWAOPcWA„ NWZUpTˆX`RKUaNbPAQ\RVd OžPcRK„o„`WAXoz!RKOrbWDTˆNbO=T¬PANb„`…fT˜‰RK„`‡¬Tfr=T˜z!RK„·rRKX XoWA_‘

‡˜WAOnRKX{rW>„`WAPcnTbq=z!RK„/UaRDnTVOnR˜NO=T PAN„’…fT]NW ORWAX·rQS‰Wc„oWcOPAQaTV›UaW^WAOgWAU4QaOnoWA„`…fTVUSR †Thqj› 9J

'@?A+6(.%<;=3p: D4&.@ 
8$&8F¯x!%!* "<$& * F(6¤0 * "#963
y y

A A

B B

x x
a b a b

9T ›
M%Qa_JªIVJj
 Vs     

   
 

     

@k U>TVd „`WeTDrWƒUaT XoNbzxWc„ =PcQaW)rW)„`Wc…KRVUaNPcQ\RKd O _VWAOWc„TVr=TTVUx_KQa„oTV„~UaT PANb„`…fT

 # '& ~TVUS„oWcrWArRV„ªrWAU W`W &
WAX’nHTd r=TVr=Tz!RK„A¡
2#   3 7 5 # '& %’I  #  '&      9;&
  

rRKObrWDXoW zbQarW TˆUpTˆ‰NObPAQ\RVd O # '&  +NbWDPAN‡˜zUaT¬PARKOwUaTVX^PcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX# $(  ?! q # $. BA¬J>k@X`noW

WAX^NOwPeTVX`R z=TV„’nQSPANUaTV„ rbWAU#z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTˆrbW ©@UpTfnoWeTVNq!rRKObrWDUpT‰„oRKOnoWA„T rbW UpT˜XoNz!WA„=PAQSWDWAX’nHT d r=Tfr=T
z!RK„^rRVX)TVOQSUaUaRVX žUpT˜XoNz!WA„ =PAQSWDrWc›xW X`WA„ƒrW „oWc…VRKUaNbPAQ\RVd O!J hQmTVUaW oTV‡ˆRVX·USRKX^rbRKX)TVOQSUaUSRKXAqHPARV‡ˆRˆWAO
UpTžMmQa_VN„T³IKJj ›  qmNORwzNWcrW …KWc„ NW¢UpTgzxRV‡ˆz=TžrW oTV›{RVd OXoW rbQS…+QarWˆWAO rRVXDrQaX`PARKX UaUaWcO=TVOrbR
UaRVX@TV„oRVXAqz!RK„
UaR n TVOnR>OR)X`WA„T>d NbO=T)XoNz!WA„ =PAQSW·rbW/„oWc…VRKUaNbPAQ\RVd O _KWAOWc„TVrT>z!RK„
NbO=Tƒ‰NOPAQeRKd O PARVOnoQaON=TbJ
'@?A+6(.% ;=3  hQ§noWAOWc‡ˆRVXDNO«PeTV‡˜z!R°…KWcPcnRV„oQpTfU  '&
 q '&
 >WAO«WAU§zUpTfORq ez=TV„oTXN~W d
PANb„`…fTbq
NObQaWAObrR°rRVX zNOnoRKXDr=TVrbRKXAq
WcU§zb„oRK‡˜WArQSRžrbW¬UpTŠORK„`‡¬TgrWAUPeTf‡ˆz!R°X`RK›„oWˆUpTgPAN„’…VTgXoWc„=T d

   

‡žhd OQS‡ˆR
k@X˜rWAPcQa„cq~XoQ·UpTwPcN„`…fTWcX¬UaT _V„=T d =PAT³rbW°NO=Tw‰NOPcQ\RKd O q~nWcOr„oWc‡ˆRVXHNWgPARKObXoQarbWA„Tf„ˆUaT
PeTfOnoQar=Tfr
 2#   3
7 5  '& # 8&     -'& # '&       9;&=<
    

'@?A+6(.%<;=3 $  h6wG#F="#³+* B 1 K3

“&T zxRKX`QaPcQ\RKd OŠrW>W)NQSUaQS›„oQSRDrW>NO=T‡ˆWc‡D›„oTVO=T WAUeTVd X`noQaPeThq oT WAOgXoNg‰„oRKOnWc„Tbq=X`W>zNWArbWZWcOPARKOno„TV„cq

‡˜QaOQS‡ˆQ eTVOrbR XoNgWAObWA„o_hd Tb¡

    I 3 3       C9;& 9

XoRV›„oW)nR+r=TVX{UaTVXª‰NOPcQaRKOWcX 2'&
~rW OQar=TfX·WcO ƒq=PcRKO  8&
§r=TVr=T X`RK›„oW ƒJ


  

(x,y,u(x,y))
u(x,y)

(x,y)

M%Qa_JªIVJ |
x

k@X`noWZz„`RK›USWA‡ˆTDUaUaW …fT TUaTDWAPcN=TVPAQeRKd OgrW “#TfzUpTVPcWVJ

k@O(PATVr=TŠNOR°rbWˆUSRKX>W `WA‡˜zUSRKX>TVOnWc„oQaRV„oWAXcq%X`Wˆno„TfnTŠrbWˆWcOPARKOno„TV„ WAU W l+no„oWA‡˜R°rbWˆNOTgPATVOnQarTVr
I!2#  '&
 &  #WcnoPV$J  +NbW^TVX`RhPcQpT)T>PeTVrT>‰NObPAQ\RVd OqrWAOn„`RZrbW PcQaWA„’n T)PAUaTVXoWfqNOˆO^Nbd ‡ˆWc„oR>„oWATVU J
    
 

      


       hI
] WAX’n T³TVXoR+PAQaTVPAQeRKd O XoWgUaW¢USUpTV‡ˆT°NO J«k@O²WcU }¢TVd UaPcNUaRwrW¢™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKObWAX XoWgWAX’nNrbQpTVOEUaRKX
W l+no„oWA‡˜RKX>rW ‰NOPcQaRKOTVUaWcXAq4‡DNP ®bRKX>rWWAUaUSRKX)WAO ‰RK„`‡¬T rWQSOnoWA_K„oTVU TVNOWNWORgW lhPAUSNXoQL…fTV‡ˆWcOnWVq
 


PARV‡ˆR WcOœWcUƒW`Wc‡ˆzUSR IKJj[ J¦žNP ®=TVXgrWwUaTVX nhWcd PAOQSPeTVXRNW rWcXTV„`„oRKUSUpTV„`WA‡˜RKX¬X`RKO TfzUaQSPeTV›USWAXˆOR
XoRVUpTV‡˜WAOnWƒT ‰NOPAQSRKO=TVUSWAXcqbXoQSORDn Tf‡D›Q Wcd O¢TDPeTfOnoQar=TfrWAX[NW>TVX`RhPcQpTVOŠTDNbO=T ‰NOPcQ\RKd OqbRVn„oTZ‰NOPcQ\RKd Oq
WAX#rWcPAQa„#T +OR·UaQaObWeTVUSWAX J#©%RK„&W`Wc‡ˆzbUaRqFWAOZWAUW`Wc‡ˆzbUaR>IKJj‹{z!R+r„ehd TV‡ˆRVX4®=TV›!WA„&WAX’nNrQaTVrRq
ORXoRVUpTV‡˜WAOnW>WcU4z„oRK‡˜WArbQaR rW>UpTDObRK„o‡ˆT rWAU4PATV‡ˆz!RqhXoQaObRˆWcU4PeTV‡˜zxR PcRK‡˜zUaW nRqWcX{rWAPcQa„A¡


#
 
!  8 & # 8&   8& # '&   
     

rRKObrW  #w¡ ( . #"  $ % & #8PARKOnoQaON=T # I(  G! # $.   A J

  ('

k@O²noRhrRVX˜WcX`noRKX¬z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVX WAXˆ‡DN QS‡ˆz!RK„`nTVOnW¢rW =OQS„ˆPcRKO<‡DNbP ®=Tz„`WAPcQaXoQeRKd OEWAU/rRK‡˜QaObQaRwrWcU

‰NOPcQaRKOTVU J³¦žNbP ®=TVXrW¢UpTfXDrQ PANULn TVrWcXDrWcU{}¢TVd UaPcNUaR°rW ™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWcX z„`RF…+QSWAOWcOErbW¢UpTž‰TVULn TgrW
PANbQar=TVrbR˜WcOžWcX`nT˜rW =OQSPAQ\RVd OJ

*) +  6    6  6  >   
-, /.

'@?A+6(.%t3;  Œ #DF #9B 1 4KF!"#  3

©@UpTVOnoWeTV„`WA‡˜RKXƒz„`Qa‡˜WA„oR¢WcU
z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TˆWAO nhWAd „`‡ˆQSORKX ‡¬TfnoWA‡<Tfd nQSPARKX 8rWcXozN§WAd X r=TV„oWc‡ˆRVX)rRKX  X`RKUaNh‘
10

PAQSRKOWcX  TVU/z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TbJ #RK‡ˆTVOrR USRKX W`WcXˆPcRK‡ˆR WcO<UpT =_VN„TwXoQS_KNQSWAOnWfq  X`NzxRVOQaWcOrR +NbWžUaT

z=TV„’n\hd PANUaTDXoW>rWoTXoQSO¢…KWAUSRhPcQar=TfrgWcOžWcU4RK„oQS_KWAO qRK›bnoWAOWc‡ˆRKXc¡
T
a
0 x

A
.
x

g
P=mg

M%Qa_J +JSI
y

hQx„oWAzb„oWAX`WAOn Tf‡ˆRKX~WAU PATV‡˜QaORZzxRK„§UpT PAN„’…VT

 # 8&  z!WArQS‡ˆRVX~TVUxUaWcPcnRV„ NW)zQSWAOX`WƒXoQxWAX’nR ORDWcX
NO=T„oWcX`no„oQaPcPAQeRKd O~PARVO-# '& 1¤sbq=WAUnoQaWc‡ˆz!R?NW>XoW)n TV„`r=TUpTDz=TV„’n\hd PANUaTDWAXA¡
2354
687:9<;=7?> ;DFEF;:6HGJIDK4L6HI;<M
@ACB
     

    
 

     

$#  4 3
9  

rRKObrW WAX{UpT USRKO_KQLnNr¢rW> UaTDPAN„’…VThq  9 9 ~ WcX·UaTD…KWAUSRhPcQar=TfržT UaTrbQaX`nTVOPcQpTZX`RK›„oW>UaTPcN„`…fTbJ



}~RK‡˜R69 9 
&  
  +
& 
’I  #  8& "   ¢®Wc‡ˆRV X/XoNzNbWAX`noR$ NW&  us  UpTDz=Tf„`nehd PANUaTZ…fT
 

XoQSWA‡˜z„oW)®TVPAQaTUaTDrWA„`WAP ®=T  q=nWcOWA‡˜RKXA¡ 9 
’ I  #  '&    09;& 

 


$#   3 7 ’ I  #  8& "    9;&=< 

©mTf„TzxR+rWA„/W lhz„oWcXTV„ ¬PcRK‡ˆR ‰NObPAQ\RVd OgrbW & ¢rW # 8&  q=NXoTV‡ˆRVX/UpT UaW  rW W / nRKO ¡




   


rRKObrW  8&2 
  · rbWAORVnT¢WAUm…VWAPcnoRK„)rW z!RKXoQSPAQeRKd O8rWDUaT z=TV„’n\hd PcNUpThq   9 s  · WAX)WcUm…KWcPcnoRK„
rWTVPcWAUSWA„TfPAQ\RVd O8rW UpTˆ_K„Te…KWcr=TVrq  Ÿ„oWAzb„oWAX`WAOn TŠUpTˆ„oWeTfPAPAQeRKd OwrW UaT¬PAN„’…fTŠX`RK›„`W UpT¬z=Tf„`nehd PANUaT  WcX
    

NO …KWcPcnRV„ ObRK„o‡ˆTVU@T¢UpT PcN„`…fTŠXoQ@X`NzxRVOWA‡˜RKX NWORž®T °‰„oQaPcPAQeRKd OJ ©@„oR VWAPcnTVOrRžWAX’n TŠWAPANTVPAQeRKd O

XoRV›„oW>WAU…VWAP nRK„{n TVOb_KWAOPcQpTVU  q RK›bnoWAOWc‡ˆRVX


  
0 <
    

—”OnWc_K„TVObrRq=RK›bnoWAOWc‡ˆRVX·UaTDPARKObXoWA„’…fTVPAQeRKd OžrbW WcOWA„`_=hd Th¡

 

  
  EPcRKOX’n TVOnWfJ
  

hNz!RKOQSWAOrbR
R +NbWDUpT¬zTV„`n  PANbUpTˆzTV„`noW rWcU
„oWczxRKX`Rq W …fTVUaN=TfOrR¢UpT˜PARKObX`n TfOnoW WAO  sbq PcRKO
9 s 
s s  œsbqbRK›bnWcOWA‡˜RKX h NW



 
      # '&     <
  

 ·RVnWc‡ˆRVX +NbWVq#rWWAX`nTgUSWwrbW˜PcRKOX`WA„`…fTVPcQ\RKd O rWWcOWA„`_=hd Tbq

  ObRžzNbWArW˜XoWc„ ObWA_TfnoQS…fTbJ$©%RK„>USR
n TfOnoRWAU‰NOPcQaRKOTVUNW rWA›!WA‡˜RKX{WAX’nNrQaTV„/WAX


$#   3 7  ’I  #  '&      # '&      9;&




PARVOžUaTVX/PARKObrQaPcQaRKOWcX # 9s   s # I(  G! J



'@?At3; 
! # " }ªTVUSPANUaTV„ 2# §zTV„TNO=T U h d OWeTD„`WAP n TbJ
! G " }ªTfUaPANbUpTV„ $# Zz=Tf„TwNOETV„oPcRwrW¢PVh d „oPcNUaRJ 9k@X’nR „oWc+NbQaWA„`W¢rW¢P4Tfd UaPANbUaRq@X`W¢zNWArbWŠnoRK‡ˆTV„DWAU
„oTVrQaR rbWAU4PVhd „oPcNUaRPARV‡ˆR z=Tf„=TVd ‡˜Wcno„oRJ$
 

      


       Vi

K


  
/   < 

@k Uz„`RKzQaR WA„`ORKNUSUaQ!WAOPcRKOn„=Rd NOTX`RKUaNbPAQ\RVd O NXTfOrRNOŠXehd ‡ˆQSU^RVd zbnQSPAR X`NŠ®WA„`‡¬TVObR KTVRK› q=k@NUaWc„
¢RVno„oRKX/zb„oRKzNbXoQaWc„oRKOgRVno„TVX/X`RKUaNPcQaRKObWAX{‡uTfd X/PAWA„`PeTVOTVX^T UaT nWARV„eh d T ‡˜RhrbWA„oOT J
hQ%XoW TVzb„oRelhQa‡ˆT #(z!RK„^NOT PAN„’…VT z!RKUSQa_KRKOTVU °X`WDXoNbzxRKObW gPcRK‡˜R PARKObX`n TfOnoW WAOwPATVr=T¬QSOnoWA„’…VTfUaRq
z!RhrWc‡ˆRVX QaOnWc„oz„`Wcn Tf„˜WcU{PeTV‡˜QaORwrbWžUaT zTV„`nehd PANbUpTbq PARV‡ˆR WAU{PATV‡ˆQSOR RKd zbnoQaPcR³rbWžNOE„T VR(rWŠUa;N 


Tfno„Te…KWcXTVOrbR¬NOg‡ˆWcrQaR WcX`no„TfnoQ =PATVrRPARKOhd ObrQaPcWƒ…VTf„oQpTfOrR rW>WAX’n„oTfnRˆT WAX`no„TfnoRJ

hWc_ªNd O(WcU§z„`QaOPcQazQSRŠrW M=WA„`‡¬Tneq#UpTŠUaWN nRK‡ˆTV„TŠd WcU§PATV‡˜QaO=R NW¬‡˜QaOQS‡ˆQSPAWDWcUnoQaWc‡ˆz!R WAX’n T°WcX UaT
TVO=TfUaRK_hd T˜PcRKOwWAU#z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TˆrWDUpT˜›„T +NbQaX`noRhPc„oRKOTbq X`QaO8Wc‡D›=TV„`_KR UpT `NX`noQ =PATVPAQeRKd O8OR¬WAX)Wc…+QSrWAOn W 
¢z!RK„/UaR nTVOnRXoWc_KNQa„T d UpTDUaW ¢r W hOWcUaU9¡
XoWc
O  XoWc
O  <
 
hQnoRK‡¬Tf‡ˆRKX~WAU4U h d ‡ˆQLnW·PAN=TfOrR˜WAU&TVOP ®bRˆrW>USRKX/WAX’n„TnRKX/nQSWAOrbWZTsbq=RV›bnWcOWA‡˜RKX
 

XoWcO  œPcRKOX`nTVOnWfJ
d XoTVOrR˜XoWcO    PARKX 
’I  (  
  
 'I  #   8&    qnWcOWA‡˜RKX


# 8& ’I  #   8&   
 us <

a x a x
i
Vi

A A ϕ
θ
Vr r

9T › P 

y y

M%Qa_J +J
'@?At3St 
IKJ·©@„oRV›=TV„[NW UpTDPAQSPAUSRKQarW
&2)    X`WAO 
) 
  I ( PARKX  

 

WcX·X`RKUaNbPAQ\RVd OgrbW WcX`nT˜WcPAN=TVPcQ\RKd O q=PARKO # 8&  

  '&   # 9s  sbJ

f     

    
  

     

hJ·©@„oRV›=TV„[NW UpTVX8Nd OQSPeTVX~XoRKUSNPAQSRKOWAX·T UpTDWcPAN=TfPAQ\RVd O

#  8&  
 ;# 8&   I  



`X RKOžPcQaPcUaRKQSrWAXªRPcRKOX`nTVOnWcXAJ
ibJ·©@„oRV›=TV„ NW XoQX`W@zQarW NW UaTªXoRKUSNPAQeRKd O)XoWAT·rRVX…KWAPcWAX%PARKOnQSON=TV‡˜WAOnW@rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›USWVq\WcOnoRKOPcWAX
W lbQSX`noW NO=TgNO=TˆX`RKUpTPAQSPAUSRKQarW>X`RKUaNPcQ\RKd OgrWZUpTWAPANTVPAQeRKd O°rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVU9J  hWZXoN_VQaWA„`WZWcX`noNrQpTf„
TVzTV„`noW)WAU4PeTfXoR ( ! *  J



k@X`nT  X`RKUaNbPAQ\RVd O  rW WA„`ORKNUSUaQ noQaWcOWƒ…fTV„oQSRKX/z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVXc¡

IKJ·k@U%TVO{TVd USRK_KR<RKd zbnQSPAR˜OR WcX`nHTˆd ‡DN g›QaWcO `NX’nQ =PeTVrbRqxWcO8z=TV„’nQSPANUaTV„{UpT …KWAUSRhPcQar=Tfr  C# '&    
ORWcX PcRKOX`nTVOnW z=TV„oTNbO=TDn„T VWAPcnoRK„oQaT˜„`WAP n TbJ


hJ·k@U&TV„`_KN‡˜WAOnRrWcU4Uhd ‡˜QSnoW rbWA›!W `NX’nQ =PeTV„`XoWfJ

ibJ }~RK‡˜RŠXoW …KW˜rWcU@W `WA„`PAQSPAQaR hJ hq&®=T wz„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVX)rWNOQSPAQarTVr XoWA_~Nbd OUaT PAUpTfXoWrWXoRKUSNPAQSRKOWcX
NW>PARVOXoQSrWA„oTV‡ˆRVXAJ
J ·RDXoW ®=T z„`RK›=TVrR NWƒUpT XoRKUSNPAQeRKd O T UpT WAPANTVPAQeRKd O WAX§Wc‰WcPcnQL…fTV‡ˆWcOnW^NbO ‡žhd OQa‡˜R>rWAUH‰NOPcQaRf‘
O=TfU J
|h
J hW°®=T(„oWcX`no„oQaOb_KQarRWAU WAX`noNrQSR«T(PAN„’…fTVX z=TV„oTV‡˜Wcn„`>Q ATVr=TVX˜zxRV„ &
WcX rWAPcQa„cq T_K„=T d PeTVXˆrW
‰NObPAQaRVOWAX  J
[bJ  T ¬NOŠz„oRV›UaWc‡¬TZnhWAd PcOQaPcR rW)PARKO…VWA„o_VWAOPcQpT rW)UpTZQaOnWc_K„TVU ?T NW
9s   sbJ k@X`nRX`W)rWA›!W
noRK‡¬Tf„ªWAOgPANWcOn TˆWcOžWcU4‡ˆRV‡ˆWcOnoR rW>rW OQa„{UpTDPcUpTVX`W>rW)‰NOPAQSRKOWcX·WcX`noNrQpTfr=TVXAJ

K 

  
K 
<   

<

@k OWAX`nT  XoRKUSNPAQeRKd O qK‡ˆTVOnWcOr„`WA‡˜RKX

UpTƒQSrWeT)rW{Tfz„oRelhQa‡ˆTVPAQeRKd ODz!RKUaQS_KRKO=TfU qFzxWc„oR)n„oTV›=T oTf„oWA‡˜RKX@PcRKO
WAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU9J
‚ƒ QS…+QSrQaWcOrR«WAU>QaOnoWA„`…fTVUSR †s ( >WcO
 XoN›QSOnWA„’…fTVUaRKX &  &   q  s < < <   IVq)rWUSRKO_KQLnNr
G( mq ¬TVz„`R\lhQS‡¬TVObrRDUpT>‰NOPcQ\RKd %O #žz!RK„  "'& &   
qhPARKO
  # '&      
  
 
    

WAOnoRKOPAWcX $# ~WAX TVz„`R\lhQS‡¬TVrbR zxRK„

 

   
     
  3     I      8&  &   

     9 &=<

  

 


k@X{rWAPcQa„Aq=QSOnWA_V„TVOrbRg¡

 < < <

         
   ’I  
  
        
    
   
 


  
 

      


       K|
„oWcPARK„`r=TVOrbRHNW

 s

G! J


]^U4QS_KN=TVUaTV„ªTs UpTfX/z=TV„oPcQpTVUSWAX/PcRKOž„`WAX`zxWcPcnRˆT
 << <

  q=XoW>RK›bnoQaWAObWAOŠUpTVX/WcPAN=TfPAQaRVOWAXc¡
 

  I    ’I             ’I           
 


’I          
     
       ’I        
   
      
     

z=TV„oT  I < < <   IKJ

 

k@O¬USN_TV„ rW{n„oTfn TV„ rW·„oWcXoRKUL…KWc„§WcX`nW XoQSX`nWc‡¬T>rW·WAPcN=TVPAQSRKOWcXAqhnoRK‡˜WA‡˜RKX@WAUHU hd ‡ˆQLnWªPcN=TVOrbR  nQSWAOrbW

T sbq„oWcWA‡˜zUp"T ATVOrR  xzxRV„ #  8&  
HzxRVE„ # '&  +J 9k
…+QarWcOnWA‡˜WAOnoW^WAX’nW·z=TVX`R 
WAX`n=T d `NbX`nQ =PeTfrR ¡
 2#  '&  I  #  '&          I  ;# '&  I  #  '&       <
 


}ªTVUSPANUaTVOrR UaTrbWA„oQL…fTVr=TbqX`Qa‡˜zUaQ =PeTfOrR ¢‡ NUSnoQazUSQaPeTfOrR z!RK„ #  '& ~nWcOWA‡˜RKXc¡

#  '&  ;# 8&  #   '&   I  #  8&     s 

RXoWAT $# '& %’I  #  '&       sbJ

“4UaWc_TV‡˜RKXƒTVXAhd T¢UpT¬‡˜QaX`‡¬TˆWAPANTVPAQeRKd EO NWPARKO WAU
TVO{TVd USRK_KR¤RKd zhnQaPcRJ hQaOwWc‡D›=TV„`_KR¢®WA‡˜RKX)r=TfrRŠNO
TV„`_KN‡˜WAOnR>‡<TVd X@PAWc„oPeTfOR T)UaTƒ‡¬TVObWA„T)PcU\TVd X`QaPeTƒrbW Tf›xRK„`r=TV„@z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVX
rW{W l+no„oWA‡˜RKX WAO¬}¢TVd USPANUSR)rW
…fTV„oQaTVX{…VTf„oQpTf›UaWcXA
J  RVnoWA‡˜RKX NW z=TV„TˆzxR+rWA„^TVzUSQaPeTf„·WcU
TV„`_KN‡˜WAOnRˆrWDPATV‡D›QSRˆrWcU%noQaWA‡˜z!R˜noRVn TVU
z!RK„@UpTƒX`N‡¬T)rW/USRKX
nQSWA‡˜zxRVX
WAOPeTfr=T)QaOnWc„`…fTVUaR &  &   qNXoTV‡˜RKX@WAU®bWAP ®2R NW WcUb‰NOPcQaRKOTVU 2# 
XoW)W lhz„oWcXT PARK‡˜RDNOTDQaOnWc_K„TVU9J
k@X`nTD‰RK„o‡ˆTZz=Tf„`nQSPANUaTV„rWAU ‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU!WAXªnTVO¨Nbd nQSKU +NbW)_K„TVO¢zTV„`noW


rWcU@}¢TVd USPANUSR¬rW ™Tf„oQpTfPAQaRVOWAX·XoWDPcWAOn„oT XoRK›b„oWDWcX`nWZnQaz!R¬rbW ‰NOPcQaRKO=TfUaWAX WcU%W `WA‡˜zUaRžIKJ[ˆOR WAX^rW

WAX`W noQaz!R  J
'@?A+6(.%t3St >ZFHG%+6( BAH.@f6  * 1 K#3
‚)TV‡˜RKXDT +Nhd NO=TwX`RKUaNPcQ\RKd O(PeTVX`Q~XTnQaX’‰TVPcnoRK„oQaT8TVU§W `WA‡˜zUSRIKJ|hJ k@OPARKOno„TV„ WcUª‡uTFd lbQS‡ˆRgrWcUŠTVd „oWAT
WAObPAWA„`„TVrT˜z!RK„{NO=T PANb„`…fTb¡
!8&
  3  ' &
  & 
 9






PARVOžUaTDPARKOrbQaPAQeRKd OeNW>UpT UaRKOb_KQSnoNr¢XoWAT˜r=Tfr=Tb¡
 3  8&   
     9 <
  

k@O WcUhPATVXoR rWAU+PKd „oPANbUaR !      + qfz!RK„&UaR{n TVOnoR !    f

J%] +Nd   /J #)NbWA„oWc‡ˆRVX
z„`RK›=TV„[NW UpTDX`h RKUaNPcQ\RKd OgTVU z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTDWAX·NOgPKhd „oPANbUaRqhWAX{rWAPcQa„cq=z„oRK›TV„[NWVh ¡
  
 

      !  s


z=TV„oTDnR+r=T PAN„’…VT+NW>OR˜XoWeTNOgPKhd „oPANbUaR hWAOnRKObPAWAXŸ! XoWA„T˜d ‡<Td lhQa‡ˆT z=Tf„T WAU4PVhd „oPcNUaRb¡  œshJ

 V[     

     
 

     
h Q%WAXoPcRK_KWc‡ˆRKX^PARK‡˜R z=TV„oTV‡˜Wcn„`Q>ATVPAQeRKd OžrbW UpTˆPcN„`…fTbq UpT˜…fTV„`QpTV›bUaW   {q USRKO_KQLnNržrW TV„`PARq
nWcOWA‡˜RKXc¡
 

$9 9   G&   
     f 




¢z!RK„/UaR nTVOnR¡


3  8&   
  :9   





©%R+rWc‡ˆRKX{WcOnoRKOPcWAX·WAXoPc„oQS›Qa„
  ’I )3  '&   
   &
  & 
C9




 I f 3   '&  
   
  &   &    &  
  
 C9


]^®bRK„T›QaWcOq=UpTfXª‰NOPAQSRKOWcX &2 
 ªXoRKOgzxWc„oQeRKd rQaPATVXAqbPARKOgzxWc„ehd RhrR
q=zxRK„/USR n TVOnRnQSWAOWcOžNbO=T
W lhz=TfOXoQeRKd OžWcOžX`WA„`QaWAX{rW M=RKN„`QaWc„A¡
   

&2   I(
PARKX   .
XoWcO  




   I( 
PARKX   . 
XoWcO  

©%R+rWc‡ˆRKXcq~X`QaO<PATV‡D›QaTV„ETVd „`WeT «UaRKO_VQSnNbrq@n„TfOXoUaTVr=TV„UpTwPcN„`…fTrbWgnTVU/‡ˆR+rR0NWgWAU{PAWcOno„oRrW

_K„oT\…VWAr=TfrrW˜UpT =_KN„oTžWcX`nhW˜d WAOWAU RK„`Qa_KWcOq%WcXZrbWAPAQS„Aq#XoNz!RKOWc„ NWˆUaRKX>z„`RK‡˜WArQSRKX>rW6&2  
 
XoWATVOžsb¡ (  (  œsbJ
 

k@X{WAOnRKObPAWAX·‰fTVd PAQSUx…VWA„ +NbWV¡


3  '&    &  :9  $(
  .
    uI 

 

NbXTV„  PcRKX  hXoWcO  9 œshq  PARKX  bPcRKX  9 

 q  XoWcO  bX`WAO  C9 

  J
 
    


k@X`nT8W lh z„oWcXoQeRKd O«WAXDWcX`n„`QaP n TV‡˜WAOnW¬zxRKX`QSnoQS…fTbq

TfU§‡˜WAORVX NW (
 .
 sbq@zTV„T   IKJw©#RK„DUSR
n TfOnoR¡ <sbqHTVU‡˜WAORVX NW>XRKd UaRz!WA„o‡ˆTVOcW APATVOžUSRKXªnhWcd „o‡˜QaORVXªrW RK„orWcOIVJ k OgWAX`WZPATVXoR
   $.  (     $(   .    E1œs
  s X=RKd USR XoQ (    .  .    (  {WAX{rWcPAQS„Aq


&2   (  PcRKX  .  X`WAO

   .  PcRKX  (  X`WAO
 

  

RXoWAT˜UaTPcN„`…fTWAX{NOgPKhd „oPANbUaRJ
] Nhd X`W/…KW{PAUaTV„TV‡˜WAOnoW NW{WAU=O^Nd ‡˜WA„`RƒrW/…fTV„oQaTV›UaWcX $(
.
( 
. 
mWAOUaRKX@zb„oRK›USWA‡ˆTVX
rWcUH}¢TVd USPANUSR
rW™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAX#WAX%QaO OQSnoRJ#k@…+QSrWAOnWc‡ˆWcOnW/rWc›xWc„ehd Tf‡ˆRKX `NX’nQ =PeTV„%UpT{W lhz=TVObXoQ\RVd ODWAO X`WA„oQSWAX%rWªM=RKNh‘
  

„oQSWA„ ¢X`Nž‡ˆTVOQSzNUaTVPAQeRKd OJ

 

      


       K–
'@?A+6(.%t3Sy  4$D+* Be9K +"u+~.%="&&3
‚)TV„`WA‡˜RKX{TV®RK„oT UpTD„oWcXozNbWAX`nT¬TVU4W `WA‡˜zUaR¢IVJ hJ hQ4UaTDPAN„’…fT]NW NOW>WAU4zbNOnR6! 
'&
ª PARKOgWAU

zNOno+R A
8& 
 ~WcX`n=T˜d z=Tf„TV‡˜Wcno„oQ>ATVr=TDz!RK„ '&2 
   q ~WAO †s eI 9qWAOnRVOPAWcX

     

  3  '&   
     9 <


B
(x,y)

M%Qa_J +Ji

]^®bRK„Tbq#QaOnoWA„ozb„oWcnTVOrRžT '&  &  &  



 PARK‡˜RŠWAU z„oR+rNP nRgWAX`PeTVUaTV„>rWˆrbRKX …VWAP nRK„`WAX
nWcOWA‡˜RKXcq=zxRK„/UaT rWAX`Qa_KN=TfUar=TV r¢rbW }ªTfNP ® ‘ h P ® ªTf„ ¡
'&   &  &   
 

 * 8&   &    
 
     '&   
      

PARVOžQS_KN=TVUSr=TVr XRKd UaRXoQ 8&   &  &  


 

 J



—”OnWc_K„TVObrRˆzTV„T ªWcOn„oWZs w IK¡



'&   &    
 
  * '&   &    
 
       

WAX{rWcPAQS„A¡
4“ RKO_KQLnNrŠrW>UpTDX`WAPATVOnW ! A * 
PARVO Qa_KN=TfUar=TVrZX=RKd USR)XoQ
 &  WAX@UaT^z!WAOrQSWAOnW/rbWªUpT^X`WAPATVOnW ! A¬qzTV„T noRhrbR qKR)XoWAT>X`QbWcX@NO=Tƒ„oWcPcnTbJ

'@?A+6(.%t3 Ž, 4$D+* Be9K +" #"#!x* "E.m="&3

™ WeTf‡ˆRKX{Tf®RK„T WcU4PeTVX`RˆrW>NOT˜PcN„`…f?T NWZrbWA›!W z!WA„`‡¬TfOWAPcWA„{rWAOno„oR˜rW>NO=T„oWA_VQ\RKd O œrbWAU4zUaTVORJ

hNz!RKOrb„oWA‡˜RKXNW>UpTD‰„oRVOnoWA„oTrbW WAX·UaQSXT noQaWcOWƒn TVOb_KWAOnW>PcRKOnQaON=T  J


 V‹     

    
 

     

A
A Ω B

9T ›
M%Qa_J +Jj
hWAT gUpT)XoRKUSNPAQeRKd O X`Q!®T NbO=T J@}~UpTV„oTV‡ˆWcOnW grbWA›!W PcRKOXoQSX`noQa„ rW·XoWA_V‡ˆWcOnoRKXrW{Uhd ObWeTVX@„`WAPcnTVXWAO
z!RK„WAU!W`Wc‡ˆzUSR TfOnoWA„`QaRK„ ˜z!WAr=T"cRKX~rbW^UpT)‰„oRVOnoWA„oTbJ
]^rbWA‡<TVd X~WcX§‰fTVd PcQaU=…KWc„ NWƒX`QxNO¬XoWA_V‡ˆWcOnoR
nR+PeT˜UpT ‰„oRKOnoWA„ThqxWcX`nR¬rWA›!W X`WA„ nTVO_KWcOPAQaTVUa‡˜WAOnoW  …KWc„^UpT=_KNb„T hJ†›  J{©%RK„ UaRn TVOnRˆ®=T gX=RKd USR

NOEOƒNd ‡˜WA„oR OQSnoR³rbWgz!RKX`Qa›QSUaQarTVrWAX T³zTV„`noQa„DrW! A¬J«k@X˜XoNPAQaWcOnWgWAXoPcRK_KWc„˜WcU/PeTV‡˜QaObRwrW

‡˜WAORK„/USRKO_KQLnNr J
'@?A+6(.%t3S,  4$D+* Be9K +" #"#hBc 3
hWAT  
WAU=PeTf‡ˆQSOR)XoRK›b„oW{UpT)WAX’‰WA„oTbq
WAO sbqSI .WcXrbWAPAQS& „ 
     mNOˆPATV‡˜QaOR)WcO s
s

r=T  ^WAO PAR+RK„orbWAO=TVrTVX)WAX’‰\WAd „oQSPeTVX  J}~RV‡ˆR¢UaTVXƒ„oRfn TVPcQaRKOWcXƒPARVOXoWc„`…fTVO³UpTVXƒrbQaX`nTVOPcQpTVX  8z!RK„ƒUSR

       

n TfOnoRUpT UaRKOb_KQSnoNr¢rW>UaRKX/PATV‡˜QaORKX §z!RhrWc‡ˆRVX/XoNz!RKOWc„ NW WAU4zbNOn6R ! WcX{WAU4z!RKUaR ORV„`nWfJ



z
A

x
R
B
ϕ

y
x= Rsenθ cosϕ
y= Rsenθ senϕ

M%Qa_J +J |
z= Rcosθ

  3    9  3      
        9 <



 

      


       Vš
k@OnRKOPcWAXcq
 1  3     C9    I <


©%Wc„oR    IªPARK„`„oWAX`zxRVOrW T˜UaTDUaRKOb_KQSnoNr¢rW>UpTDPcN„`…fT

2 

2$A     $A
   

WAX{rWcPAQS„Aq=WAU4PVhd „`PANUSR z„oQSOPAQSz=TVUNW>NOW ! T
A WcOžWcU4‡ˆQSXo‡˜R ®WA‡˜QaX’‰WA„`QaRJ
'@?A+6(.%t3S  - x* 6(Hˆ³96$&8#"&6(!" 1  "# +" %" 1 +6(.@6 0 * "%6(&3 J
hNz!RKO_KTV‡ˆRVX' NW nWcOWA‡˜RKXDNbO=T8‡ˆRVOnT O=
TžrTVr=T°z!RK„DUaTžPANb„`…fT   ) q
_VQa„Tfr=T°TVUS„oWcrWArRV„ rWcU

W`W Jƒ“&T…KWAUSRhPcQar=Tfr8TˆUaTˆPcN=TVU#NOR zNbWArWDX`N›QS„ rWczxWcOrWDrbWDUpTzxWcOrQSWAOnWDrbWAU#PeTV‡˜QaORbq!WcX^rWcPAQS„



 #   q#rRKOrW WAX WAUˆTVd O_VNUaRgPARKO³UpTŠ®RK„`Q>c RKOn TVU9J F }~N{TVd U WcXZWcUPATV‡˜QaORe NW¬®T 0 NWnRV‡¬TV„


z=TV„oT UaUaWc_TV„/T UaTDPAQa‡ˆTDUaR˜TVOnoWAX{zxRVXoQa›bUaW

  

z
y

’ v
M(s)

y v0
α R
v=f(α )

T ›
π/2 α

M%Qa_J +J[

k@X@‰fTVd PAQSUh…KWc„ +NbW WcUPeTV‡˜QaObR)WAX`nTV„=T)d rW nWc„o‡˜QaO=TVrbR)zxRK„@UaT^‰NOPcQ\RKd O +   Jm] rWA‡<TVd X@XoQ {WAX UpTƒUSRKO_KQLnNr
rW TV„`PARq=WcOnoRKOPcWAX


9              99 <

9


}~RK‡˜R   #   qX`Q #   usbq=X`W zbNWArW QaO…VWA„`noQa„ ~WAOŠ‰NOPAQeRKd OŠrW ¢RK›hnWAObWA„A¡




 
iKs     

    
  

     

   3
# 9    3     >)# : 9   <



]^®bRK„T8›QSWAOq WcX „T"cRKO=TV›USW XoNbzxRKObWA„? NW #  ZWAX NbO=T8‰NOPAQeRKd O rWcPA„oWcPAQSWAOnW  NW%#  )s

  

…VWAUSRhPcQar=TVr¢…VWA„`noQaPATVU4WAOgWAX`WZPATVXoR J hNz!RKOr„`WA‡˜RKX·TVrWA‡<TVd X NW   )Fus XRKd UaRXoNb›Qar=T  J}~RK‡˜R

 

rWc›xWƒX`WA„ª‡˜WAObRK„ NW! (           PeTV‡˜QaOR „TfrQpTVU  qz=TV„oT noWAOWc„ªWAUx‡°hd OQa‡˜R>rW  rWc›xWc‡ˆRVX



WAX`PARK_VWA„ WcU^PeTf‡ˆQSORrbW°n TVU·‡˜RhrRg NWVq{z=TV„oT(PeTfr=T + q #        XoWAT(‡<Td lhQa‡˜RrWcOn„oR rbW8UaRKX



U hd ‡ˆQLnWcXAqz=Tf„T ¤WcOn„oWˆs !   (      )  < ©%RK„ W`Wc‡ˆzUSRq4XoQ UaTŠ_V„=T d =PATgrbW #     <noQaWcOWNO
 

XoRVUaRg‡uTd lhQS‡ˆR¢WcO    )ƒ WAX rWAPc„oWAPcQaWcOnoWVqmnoWAOrb„oWA‡˜RKX + NbW˜noRK‡¬Tf„ WcU PeTV‡˜QaORŠPcRKO   ®T 
   

rRKX^zxRKX`Qa›QSUaQSr=TVrWcX X`Q
zxWcrQa‡˜RKX + NbW WAX`noW PeTV‡˜QaObR¬XoWAT¢rQS‰Wc„oWAObPAQpTf›UaW  °TVUmUSUaWA_KTV„^T UaT¬TVULnN„oT  ) q
  

n TfU  NW 4!   (      )  qHXoWA_VNQa„·UpT …xhd TˆrbQa„oWcPcnT˜®=TfX`n T˜UpTPAQS‡¬T  WcX`nRˆXoNPcWArWc„=T d X`Q%UaT˜PcQa‡ˆTWcX

zUaTVO=TbqWcX{rWAPcQa„    s  s J



  
  >             6  > ,

4“ RKX˜W`WA‡˜zUSRKX˜TVOnWA„`QaRK„`WAX˜XoRKO²X=RKd USRNbOu›xRfnHRKd OErWg‡DNWAX’n„oTrWžUpT8…fTV„oQSWAr=TVr²rWžTVzUaQSPeTVPcQaRKObWAX rWcU

}¢TVd USPANUSRˆrWZ™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAXcJ/]^US_KNORKX WA„oTVO°n TfO°XoQS‡ˆzbUaWAX NWDWcU
}¢TVd USPANUSRˆObR WA„oTˆOWcPAWAXoTV„oQSRJ +QaO°Wc‡‘
›=TV„`_KRqRfn„oRVXƒOR¢‰NWA„`RKOw„oWcXoNWcUSnoRKX)RŠ„oWAX`NWAULnRKX>T ‡˜WArbQpTVXcJZk@O WAX’n T¢XoWcPAPcQ\RKd O0NWA„`WA‡˜RKX)PARVO…VWAOPcWA„
TVU#UaWcPcnRV„ NWDObR ®=T =+NbWD®=TVPcWA„ƒrWZUpTVrbR¬UpTfX PcNWAX’nQaRVOWAXƒrbW W lhQSX`nWcOPAQaTbq NbOQaPcQar=TVr qxPcRKO…KWA„`_KWAObPAQpThq
WcnoPVJLq
›=T `R°z„oW nW l+noXR  NW Ua=R NW PcNWAOn TžWAXDUaTg„`WAXozbNWAX’n T8PARVOPA„`Wcn TwTfUzb„oRK›USWA‡ˆTgzbUpTVOnWATVrRJgk@O
Wc‰WcPcnoRqxNbO=T¬rWZUpTVX rQ =PANbUSn TfrWAX  TVX`RhPcQpTVr=TfX^TVU%}¢TVd USPANUSRˆrbWZ™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKOWcX{z„oR\…+QaWcOW rWZUpT ‰TVUSnT rW
„oQS_KRK„{WAOžWAU#zUpTfOnoWeTV‡˜QaWcOnR˜QaOQSPAQpTfU PcUpTVX`WZrbWZ‰NOPcQaRKObWAXAqHnQSzxR˜rWZ‡°hd OQa‡˜RqbW nPfJ  qxWcU%ORˆPARKObXoQarbWA„Tf„
WAU&WcX`nNbrQaR˜z„oWcUaQS‡ˆQSO=TV„~rbW UaT W lhQaX’nWAObPAQpThq!NbOQaPcQar=TVr q  ‡ NP ®R¬‡<TVd X/_K„oTe…KW /PARVOb‰NOrQS„{PARKOrbQaPAQSRKOWcX
OWcPAWAXoTV„oQaTVX{PARKOgXoN =PAQSWAOnWcXAJ
™ WeTf‡ˆRKX{TfUa_KNObRKX/W `Wc‡ˆzUSRKX/rW)‰TVULn TDrW>W lhQSX`nWcOPAQaTb¡
'@?A+6(.% y3;  k@OPcRKOn„Tf„mUpT/PcN„`…fT rbW§‡˜WAORV„%USRKO_KQLnNr NWXoWeT·RK„`noRK_KRKOTVUWAO !  AœTVUXoWA_V‡ˆWcOnoR
NW NOW !ŸT AˆJ

A
M%Qa_J@ihJSI B

@k X>Wc…+QarWcOnW+NWUpT¬USRKO_KQLnNr8WcX>‡¬T KRV„ +NbW˜UaT¬UaRVO_KQSnoNr

! A
=rWcU@XoWc_K‡ˆWcOnR! A¬q 
! A
HWAX>WAU
h‡žd O =d O‡ˆQS‡ˆRwRrbqWžWcX·WcXrbTVWAX˜PAQSUa„RK+ObNb_KW QSnoNUaTurWANd XcOJ QaPA hTDQaO«PANWA„’…f‡ T]›=TVN„o_VW RTVq§USPez!TVRKOW„AT WAU/WAW U `WAd O ‡˜=z‡ˆUaRR WAhJX{jibWAqU4WAX`X’WAn_KW‡˜hd WAOO=n‡˜Rbq=R WAU4OPAR³NzTVU4NWAOrbR WžnQSX`WAWAO„˜W)NUaO T
z„`h RKzQaWcr=TVrŠrW>RK„’nRK_KRVO=TVUaQSr=TVr¡  R®=T ŠXoRVUaNPcQ\RKd OJ h
 

  
     bi I
'@?A+6(.% y43St  k@OPcRKOn„oTV„¬UaT³PcN„`…fTrbW°‡˜WAORK„USRKO_KQLnNrq NW°NOT !T A7zTVXTVObrR(z!RK„˜NO
zNOnoR  WcX@‰fTVd PAQSU J hQaOWA‡ ›=TV„o_VRqKWAUHTfO{TVd UaRV_KR)WAO n„`WAX rQS‡ˆWcOXoQSRKOWAXcqWAOPcRKOn„oTV„ UpTƒXoNbzxWc„ =PcQaW{rWžTVd „oWAT
‡žhd OQS‡¬Tz=TVXoTVOrR¢z!RK„ƒNO PVhd „oPcNUaR °NO zNbOnoR  NW OR¢WcX`nHT¢d WcOwWAU
zUaTVOR rbWAU
PVhd „oPcNUaRbq OR noQaWAObW
XoRVUaNPcQ\RKd OJ
C

C
C

9T › P 

MmQS_JjibJ

@k O Wc‰WAP nRq4WcUTVd „`WeT¢rW UpTˆXoNz!WA„=PAQSWnoQaWcOWDPARV‡ˆR hd O=‡˜R WAUTfd „oWeT¢rWcU

PVhd „oPcNUaRMmQa_bJ ibJ P  ^WcXoPAR‘
_KQSWAOrRWcU#zbQaPARrWTVd „`WeT‡DN¢z!W)NWO=
TbJ hQaOŠWA‡ ›=TV„o_VRqWAUhd O=‡˜R WAU4PVhd „`PANUSR NO=T„oWAP n T+NWZNbOW
TVU4rbQaXoPcR~OR˜WAX{NO=TXoNbzxWc„ =PcQaWVJ
'@?A+6(.% y3Sy  ©mTV„oT²UaTVX¢‰NOPAQSRKOWcX 2'& ¢PARKOnoQaON=TV‡˜WAOnW³rQL‰WA„oWcOPAQaTV›USWAXgzxRK„Šz!WAr=T ARKXcqZPcRKO
2 I    IKq 2’I  ŸIKq=WAObPARKOn„oTV„{WAU4‡žhd OQS‡ˆRZrW
    43    &    '&   9 &=<
  
1 sbq  XoQ®=T NbO‡žhd OQa‡˜R¢rW WcO(UpTŠPAUaTVXoWˆrW‰NOPAQSRKOWcX z„`RKzNWcX`n TfXAq
WcOnoRKOPcWAX   >WcX
WAX’n„`QaPcnTV‡˜WAOnW>z!RKXoQLnQS…VR¡@XoQ 9 s œ sbq=WAOnRVOPAWcX&   sbq žWAX{PARKObX`n TfOnoWZz!RK„/z!WAr=T ARKX¢OR˜zNWcrW
  

XoWc„{PARKOnQSON=T˜PcRKOgWAXTfX·PcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX{WcO  IKJ hQaOŠWc‡D›=TV„`_KRqWcU hd O=‡˜R rW   ~ WAX·sbJ



hWAT
 I XoQ  I *,&-* 
 '&   & XoQ  "*,&*
 

I XoQ * &-* I


  

k@OnRKOPcWAX     Vi noQaWcOrW Ts˜X`Q nQSWAOrbWZTsbJ·Rˆ®T  ‡°hd OQa‡˜RJ

  


'@?A+6(.%¬y3 Ž- ©%TV„T{UpTfX&‰NbOPAQSRKOWAX.2'&  PARVOnoQaON=TV‡˜WAOnoWrbQS‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›bUaWAX&z!RK„&zxWcr=T"c RKXAqfPARKO 29 s 

sbq 2 I  IKqWcOPARVOno„TV„{WcU4‡uTd lhQS‡ˆR ¢WcU4‡žhd OQa‡˜R rbWV¡
    3
 9;& <
I   
 i     

    
  

     

~} UpTf„TV‡˜WAOnW³s F    F I ¤UaRKX¢W l+n„oWc‡ˆRVXžOREXoRVO¨TVUSPeTVOWATV›USWAXŠzxRV„ ‰NOPAQSRKOWcXžWcO UpT PcUpTVX`W

PARVOXoQSrWA„oTVr=TbJ hQSOgWc‡D›=TV„`_KRqUaT ‰NOPcQ\RKd O
 '&  
& &   'I  ) z=z=TVTV„„TT "s 'I *  &) * 'I *, &)*  I




  
  

 

nQSWAOW      I ’I     q NW)nQaWcOrW Ts PAN=TVObrR nQaWcOrW>TsbJ  R®=T ¢‡žhd ObQa‡˜RJ


 

‚ƒWAU ‡ˆQSXo‡˜R ‡ˆR+rR XoQ
8&   &I zzTVTV„„TT "s *,*,&-&** I
 

 

WAOnoRKOPAWcX     I  ’I   ªnoQaWcOrW>TŠI X`Q noQaWAObrW T˜shJ  R˜®=T ¢‡uTFd lbQS‡ˆRbJ



  
 

‚ƒW)®WcP ®R¬r=Tfr=T˜NbO=T‰NbOPAQeRKd O °WAOgUpT PcUpTVX`WVq=W lhQSX`nWcOžRfn„TfX{‰NbOPAQSRKOWAX  {WcOžUaTD‡ˆQSXo‡ˆTDPAUpTfXoWVq

PARVO   §…KWAPcQaORˆTs˜W   §…VWAPAQSORˆTgIK;q +NbW TVzb„oRelhQa‡ˆTVOŠT UpTD‰NOPcQ\RKd O &¡
  

  

u u

I
I

T ›
x x

MmQS_JjibJi

WAX@UaTƒPAN„’…fTƒWAOrQaWcOnWAX@rbW/XoQaWc„o„oTƒPARKOz!WAOrQSWAOnW  I         I    q mWAX@UaT^PAN„’…fTƒWAO
WAX`PeTVUSRKOWcX@rW/zxWcOrQSWAOnW  I  sbJ hQ ˜WAX@‡˜RKO{RVd noRKO=T    I  ’I    J@‚ƒW oTV‡˜RKX
TVUbUaWAP nRK„
 
   
 

WAX`PA„`Qa›QS„§WcO¢rWcnTVUaUSW WcX`n TfX~‰NOPcQaRKOWcX~WcO¢WAU!PeTVX`R _KWAOWc„TVU9J  RfnWA‡˜RKX +NbWƒXoW^noRK‡ˆTV„oRKO‰NOPcQaRKObWAXªPcRKO

  


rQSXoPARVOnoQaONQSr=TVrWcX
WAOUpTfX
rWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX
zxRV„ N§W/d XoRVO˜‡<TVd Xm‰fTfd PAQaUSWAX%rW/WAX`PA„oQS›Qa„„oWcrRKOrWATVOrR>USRKXTVd O_VNUaRKX
RK›bnoWAOrb„ehd Tf‡ˆRKX ‰NOPcQaRKObWAX~USQaXoTVXAJ }~NTVOrR >noQaWAObrWƒTDshq  nQSWAOrWcO¢T ¢N ObQS‰RK„`‡ˆWc‡ˆWcOnoW‡uTVd X
TVrWcUpTVOnoW …KWc„oWA‡˜RKX NWWAX’n T¢PARVO…VWA„`_KWAOPcQpT¢XoW USUpTV‡ˆTNOQS‰RV„o‡˜W R   qz!WA„`R    OR¢WcX)PARKOnQSONR
   

z=TV„oT UpT PAUaTVXoW)rW)‰NObPAQaRVOWAX{WAX’nNrbQpTVr=TfX·zb„oR\…+QaX`nTVX{rW>UpT ORK„`‡¬TDrbW PcRKO…KWc„o_KWcOPAQaTˆNOQL‰RK„o‡˜WVJ
'@?A+6(.%Ey43S,,  k@OPARVOno„TV„^UpTˆPcN„`…fT¬X`Qa‡˜zUaW žPAWc„o„Tfr=Tb5q NW WAOPcQaWA„`„oWZNO TVd „oWAT¬‡žhd OQS‡¬Tbqhn TVU NW
NO²XoWA_V‡ˆWcOnoR(rWgUaRVO_KQSnoNr q~zNWcr=T(_KQS„TV„ X`RK›„`W¤Wcd U·‡˜QaX`‡ˆR rWcOn„oRrWgUpT PAN„’…VThJ hQ/UpT „oWc_KQ\RVd O
WAObPAWA„`„TVrT¬zxRV„·UaT˜PcN„`…fT˜WAX^PcRKO…KW lThq WAU&USWAPcnoRK„·zxR+r„=Td z„`RK›=TV„{‰fTVd PAQSUa‡˜WAOnW NWZUpTPAN„’…fHT NW rTˆWAU


TVd „`WeT ‡žhd OQa‡ˆT WcX·NbOgno„oQ\Tfd O_KNUSRD)W NQSU\Tfd noWA„oRrW TVULnN„oT J 

 

  
     iKi

T ›
M%Qa_J@ihJj
%© RV„·Rfn„T z=Tf„`nW)X`QnRK‡ˆTV‡˜RKXªNOT  WcX`no„oWAUSUpT) PcRKO  „T KRKX{rW>USRKO_KQLnNr ¢ z=TV„’nW>PAWcOno„TVU4rbW „oTVrQSR
+qWAU Tfd „oWeTXoWc„=Td ‡ˆWcORK„[NW



       

 
   

UaT UaRVO_KQSnoNr˜rW)PeTVrT TV„oPcRDWAX   J %RK‡ˆTVOrbR 8 ‡DNˆ_K„oTVOrW XoWc_ªNd O N§Wƒd n TfO¢P ®QaPcRDXoWAT ) qbWAU

PVhd „oPcNUaRQaOnoWA„oObRˆX`WA„=Td XoN =PAQSWAOnW z=TV„oT˜_KQS„TV„/NbOžz!RhPcRWAU&XoWc_K‡ˆWcOnRˆTVU4‡ˆW nWc„oUaRWcOžWcU#„oT KR˜RKzNWcX`nRbJ
 


‚ƒWoTf‡ˆRKX%UaRKXmrWcnTVUaUSWAX@TVUhUaWcPcnRV„AJ
k@X’nR>Qa‡˜zUaQSPeT + NbW/WAU&hd O =‡ˆR rW/UpTfXTVd „oWATVX@WAX s ZOR>WAX TVUSPeTVO;eTVrRbJ
k@X`noRKX/zxR+PARVXªW`Wc‡ˆzUSRKX~QSOrQSPeTVOH+ NbWVq=TVOnoWAX/rW>TV›!RK„`r=TV„~NbO¢z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTZrbW>}¢TVd UaPcNUaR rW^™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKOWcXAq
WAX>X`N‡¬Tf‡ˆWcOnoW Qa‡˜zxRV„`n TfOnoWDzUaTVOnWeTf„oUaR¢PcRKO UpT ‡ˆT KRK„)z„`WAPcQaXoQeRKd OJ k@O³z=TV„’nQaPcNUpTf„^XoWrWc›xWrW =OQS„
UpT PAUaTVXoW rW^‰NOPcQaRKObWAX~WcO¢UpT PAN=TVU!XoW^WAX`noNrQaTV„=T d WcU z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTbqWAXªrWcPAQS„AqbUaTZPcUpTVX`W^rW·n„Tf›=T `RJ@] ®4hd X`W
nWcOr„T'd NWƒrWcPAQa„ N§Wƒd X`W^WAOnoQaWAObrWƒz!RK„§PcRKO…KWc„o_KWcOPAQaTDrW ‰NObPAQaRVOWAXcqhrQSX`nTVOPAQaTZWcOno„oW·‰NOPAQSRKOWcXAqbWcX
rWcPAQa„cqHPAN{TVd U&WcX^UpT nRVzxRKUSRK_=hd T rWZno„TV›T `RJ %TV‡D›bQ WAd OžXoW rWA›!WA„Tˆd WcX`nNbrQpTV„·UpTW lhQSX`nWcOPAQaT  ŠNOQaPcQar=Tfr
XoQ#UpT˜®=T  ·rWZXoRKUSNPAQSRKOWAX TVU#z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TbqHWcO8UpTPAUaTVXoWZrWZno„TV›=T `RqxRˆWAO8Rfn„ThqxW nPVJ MmQSO=TVUa‡˜WAOnoW NbOR
nQSWAOW  NW>WcXoPARV_KWA„{UpTZPAUpTfXoW)rW)n„oTV›=T `RbqrWƒn TfU‡ˆR+rR  NW>X`WeT‡¬TVObWoTV›USW^nhWcd PAOQSPeTV‡˜WAOnoW)zxWc„oR+ NW
XoWAT˜UaT ‡uTVd X/PcWA„`PeTVO=Tz!RKXoQS›UaW)TfU4PARKOnW l+nR‰’hd XoQSPARqh_KWARV‡«W d n„oQSPARNŠRVn„`R++ NbWZrQSR RK„oQS_KWAOgTVU z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTbJ
]^U ®=TVPcWA„¢WAX’nW W`Wc„oPcQaPAQSRz„`Wc…+QaRq·WAU NXoNTV„oQSR rWAU>}¢Tfd UaPANbUaRrW8™Tf„oQpTfPAQaRVOWAXˆORnWcOr„=T d X`RK„oz„`WAXoTVX
rWcXTV_K„oTVr=TV›bUaWAX{WcOžWcU4‡ˆRK‡˜WAOnoR rW>QaOnWc„oz„`Wcn Tf„·X`NX·„oWAX`NUSnTVrRKXcJ
iV     

    
 

     
 

9 %

  % 
   ¨% 

 %
 

@k O WAX’nWªPATVz4hd noNUaR „oWcNOQa„`WA‡˜RKX#UaRKX%WAUaWc‡ˆWcOnRKX%›{TVd XoQSPARKX%rWª] O{TVd UaQSXoQSX%M=NObPAQaRVO=TVU+NbWªOWAPcWAX`QSn Tf„oWA‡˜RKX%WAO

WAU„`WAX’nR·rW WAX`nTVX&ORVnTVXAJ%k@UUaWAP nRK„ NW@noWAO_T/‰TV‡˜QaUSQpTV„`Qar=TVr{PcRKOZWcX`noW‡ˆTfnoWA„oQaTVUVzbNWArWRK‡˜QSnoQa„oUSR ƒX=RKd USR
 oTV„`XoW WAOžUpT ORVnTVPAQeRKd C O NWZNXTf‡ˆRKXcJ§™ Wc„oWA‡˜RKX·WAOžz=TV„`noQaPcNUpTV„ +NbW PeTfXoQ4nR+rR˜WAU&P4TVd USPANUSRPAU\Tfd XoQaPcRrW
…fTV„oQaTVX&…VTf„oQpTf›UaWcX%X`W/W l+nQSWAOrWªTVUhPATVXoR)rbW~WAX`z=TVPcQaRKX
rbW~‰NOPcQaRKOWcXAqKX`QbX`W~nRK‡ˆTVO TVUa_KNbO=TVXmzb„oWAPATVNPcQaRKOWcX
TVUH‡˜RK‡ˆWcOnR rWƒTVzbUaQaPATV„oUSRJ%‚ƒW =OQS„oWc‡ˆRKX z„`Qa‡˜WA„`RZUSRKX§WcXoz=TfPAQaRVX~rW·n„Tf›=T `Rq+WAX’nNrQaTV„oWc‡ˆRVX§rWcXozN§WAd X
UpTfX ‰NbOPAQSRKOWAXWAOno„oW^WcX`noRKX~WcXoz=TVPcQaRKXcqhPcRKO¬X`NX~zb„oRKzQSWAr=TfrWAXrW·PARKOnQSONQar=Tfr rW·rQS‰Wc„oWcOPAQaTV›QaUSQar=Tfrq
nWc„o‡˜QaO=TfOrR z!RK„/UpTVX/PcRKOrQSPAQSRKOWAX{OWcPAWcXTV„`QpTVX{z=TV„oTDnWAObWA„{NOgW l+n„`WA‡˜RJ
)   4  %  6
©mTf„T/NO z„oRK›bUaWA‡ˆTªPARVO D …fTV„`QpTV›USWAXcq\WAUWAX`z=TVPcQaR{rW@n„oTV›=T `R{WAX&O=TnN„oTVUa‡˜WAOnW
qUpTªrQSX`nTVOPAQaTªWAOn„`W
rRKX·zNOnoRKX^WcX^UpTrQSX`n TfOPAQaT˜WcNPAUSQarQaTVO=T R¬PcN=TVU> NQSWA„{RVno„TW)  NQS…fTVUSWAOnWZTˆWcUaUaTbJ hQSO°Wc‡D›=TV„`_KRq=z=TV„oT
%&

NO WcXoz=TVPcQaR>rW~‰NbOPAQSRKOWAX@®T Z…fTV„oQaTVXm‡ˆTVOWc„TVX
rbWªrWOQa„
UaT rQSX`nTVOPAQaT)ƒ WcOno„oW/rRVX
‰NOPAQSRKOWcXAq  OR
XoRVODW) NQL…VTfUaWAOnoWAXAJ mTV‡˜z!RhPcR^®=T  NO<Nd OQSPAR WAXozTVPAQSRƒO=TfnoN„TVU+rRKObrW~zUaTVOnWATV„%noRhrRVXmUaRVX%z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVXAq
WAU4WcXoz=TfPAQaR˜rW)n„oTV›=T `RrWczxWcOrWc„=Td rWAU&z„`RK›UaWc‡¬ThJ
©%RV„·W `WA‡˜zUaRbqbXoQ4X`W  NQSWA„`W WcX`noNrQpTf„/WAU‰NOPcQaRKOTVU
 
  367 5  8&
'& 
 '&  C9;&
  

NWArTˆPAUaTV„oR+ NW OWAPcWAX`QSn Tf‡ˆRKX NW UpTVX/‰NObPAQaRVOWAX

'& ~ nWcO_TVOgrWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX·WcO8TVUS_ªNd O¢XoWcOnQarbRˆWcO°WAU
QaOnoWA„`…fTVUSR ( . 9qVz!RK„&W`WA‡˜zUSR·rbWA„oQL…fTVr=TVX&PARVOnoQaON=TVXcqVrWc„oQL…VTfr=TVX&PARKOnoQaON=TVX#zxRV„#z!WArT"A RKXcqVR·rWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX
WAO¬PeTVX`QxnR+rRZzNOnR ˜rW PAN=Tfr„TVrbRDQaOnWc_K„Tf›UaW  WcX`nR rWAz!WAOrbWA„=TDd rbW^UpT)‰RK„`‡¬T>rW ¡mPcRKOnQaONQSr=TVrq


rQL‰WA„oWcOPAQaTV›QSUaQarTVr ¢Pc„oWcPAQa‡˜QaWcOnRWcnoPVJ$ q=z!WA„oRNObRˆzNbWArW>Qa‡ˆTV_KQSO=TV„§‡uTVd X/PcUpTVX`WAX{rWƒ‰NObPAQaRVOWAX{z=TV„oT

UpTfX/PAN=TVUSWAX{UpTDW lhz„oWcXoQ\RVd O 
§ nWAOb_T˜X`WAOnQSrRJ


¢\9"#+!* " ;=3;  ! 'ƒBA.%(9"#= ! BAHG#F *   " "F3

  (F- *,#.- Y(-@Q#e*,#.- />!$-@#%,G #  < < <BG %#"\)4?/*(;"/%?:
 -52(-Te<:"6A*6.^# - 8 (-TR!?(/ 
%&

@76BT/J6A**6.^# -H#. (F-D,%*"/1" 4"/ # *,#.! T/>

 V# ?@ "/ &)( 
  

#      # 2#       #       <


i|
iK[    
    
  
    
 
 NP6>@Q2(-D/>!$-@# sC@A"/ &)(K# Es œsb
 NP6>@Q2(-D/>!$-@#  # @ "/ &)( #    #   saG;"O$@Q#):# #M- b
:! .^ >I  #  # G + #    2 #  - 2 #  ># # G


+$#    # G :#.-T:) I %#.-D,%*"/1"4,)b

 

  
 

  
  

 Rfn T Qa‡˜zxRV„`n TfOnoWVJ      </ 

K<     - cJ

  < KC 
 
    

'@?A+6(.%<;=3; > ')BA.#=xB9"&=hBf3

 IKJ  M=NOPcQaRKObWAX/PARVOnoQaON=TVX{WcO ( . D  ( .
"   ' 

hJ  M=NOPcQaRKObWAX/PARVOnoQaON=TVX{WcO ( . &PcRKO # $(  4# I.  J

"   *'

ibJ    ( . &2$(   2I.%  s J

 "    '

J D 
( .  \‰NObPAQaRVOWAX{PARVOžrWc„oQL…VTfr=TVX/rW>PANTVU> NQSWA„/RK„`rWAO@<

  " '

|hJ   ( .    ( . & "$(   "$.   s  J

 "     
 
  !'

'@?AE;=3;  ™ WA„`Q =PATV„[NW UaRKX/W `WA‡˜zUaRKX{TfOnoWA„`QaRK„`WAX/XoRVOžWcXoz=TVPcQaRKX{USQaOWATVUaWcXAJ

k@O¢UaRKX§WAX`z=TVPAQSRKXªUSQaOWATVUaWcXAq+WAXªQS‡ˆz!RK„`nTVOnW·rWOQa„ªNbO=TDrQaX’n TVObPAQpT WAOn„`W)rRKXªWcUaWc‡ˆWcOnoRKXªrWcU WcXoz=TVPcQaRJ
©%RV„·W `WA‡˜zUaR  }~N{TVd OrR˜XoW>zNbWArW rWAPcQa„ NW>rRKX/‰NOPcQaRKObWAX{XoRKOŠ…KWcPAQSO=TVX

y y

9T ›
x x

M%Qa_JªIVJSI
@k O<WcX`n TfX =_VN„TVX noWAOWc‡ˆRKX˜rRKX˜‡ˆTVOWA„oTVXrWgTVz„`R\lhQS‡¬TV„ UaTw‡ˆQSXo‡ˆT°‰NOPAQeRKd O¡gWAO«…fTVUaRK„`WAXrWgUpTVX
‰NOPcQaRKObWAXAq%z=TV„`WAPAWcOXoWc„ Wc+NbQS…fTVUaWcOnWAXcqmX`QaO³WA‡D›=Tf„o_KRq#XoQPARVOXoQSrWA„oTV‡ˆRVX UaTVX rWA„`QS…fTVr=TVXcq%UaTVX>PAN„’…fTVX
rW>UpT _KN„TŠIKJLI ›ªORXoRVOg…VWAPAQSO=TVXcJ
   
    

  i–
¢\9"#+!* " ;=3St  ! ƒ' BA.%("#H6(=$& "F3
-=,;*6A# /J6S-5"/ ,[-5#.Y!]<:# 6a;"O @Q#):## - ONP6>@Q (F-H-]F^( !$4# ,"/'F^( -6A*,#%G-5# -5A3<"@76SI"#

#

G *,#.-E/1. T4#,T6A:<<:, 
 

#  s
#  s
# 

#
#  * #   <
 

  :
-5=/19:"6>@A"-5*67 -@ 4+# 8  *,#.!$#

#  

Jb ;"Y@ 6SC:0,@Q#R#):!$#%=:
-6S=(-T
@#,#./>#3 _ ^ I",*6S-T:<<:, '%#"\)4 b 

'@?A+6(.%<;=3St > ')BA.#=xB"&Hf6=$#!BV3

IKJ  ( . &PcRKO # 
#
¤ ‡¬TFl  7 5
# 8& 
HJ
] +Nhd X`Q
#  
* hqTNQaWc„oWZrWAPcQa„
# 8&    '& 
C* zTV„TnR+rR& WcO ( . 9J^k@X’n T¬ORV„o‡ˆT
 
  

X`W USUpTV‡ˆT rW>PcRKO…KWA„`_KWAObPAQpT˜NOQL‰RK„o‡˜W J

   

hJ   ( .  #w¡ #8WcX PcRKOnQaON=Tf‡ˆWcOnoW>rQS‰Wc„oWAObPAQpTf›UaWƒWcO ( . q=PARKO

  "  '

# 
#
 D  ‡ˆT7 l
# '& 
%  ‡¬TF7 l
#  8& 
<
5 5   

  


ibJ  ( . &PcRKO # D #  7 5 # '&   9;&   \J

   

J   ( . &PcRKO # D #   7 5 2# '& "  #  '&   C9;&   \J

   

|hJ   ( .  # '& ªPcRKO 7 5 # '&  09 & F  #  # q

"T Nhd X`W)n„Tn T rW>QaOnWc_K„TfUrW “4WA›!WAXo_VNWVJ
   "  '

[bJ   ( .  # 8& ~PARKO #  F q

 " '

'@?AE;=3St  ™ WA„oQ =PeTf[„ +NbWZUaTVX/ORK„`‡¬TVX/zb„oRKzNbWAX`nTVX^XoTfnQSX`‰TVPcWAOgUpTVX/zb„oRKzQSWAr=TfrWAX{rW UpTDrW =OQ ‘

PAQeRKd O IKJ hJ
k@XƒQa‡˜z!RK„`nTVOnW>WAX`zxWcPAQ PeTV„ƒWcU%WcXoz=TfPAQaR¬UaQaObWeTVU gXoNwObRK„o‡ˆTbJ }~N=TVOrbR¢OR¬USR¬®=TV_KTV‡ˆRVX X`WA„=Tˆd zxRKO„ NW
UpT ORV„o‡ˆT˜WcX UaTOTfnN„oTVU&z=TV„oT˜WcXoW WAXozTVPAQSRJ/©%RV„·W `WA‡˜zUaR
#
WAX·UpT ORK„`‡¬TO=TfnoN„TVU4zTV„T  ( . 9q


#

z=TV„oT   ( . qHWcnoPVJ



k@O°NOgWAX`z=TVPcQaR˜ORK„o‡ˆTVrRX`WZzNbWArW ®=TV›UaTV„/rW XoNPcWAX`QaRKOWcX PcRKO…KWc„o_KWcOnoWAXcqPARK‡˜RWAOgP4TVd USPANUSRrW …fT‘

„oQaTVXª…fTV„oQaTV›USWAXAq ¢rW>XoNbPAWAX`QaRKObWAX^rbW }ªTfNP ®  ¡
¢\9"#+!* "<;=3SHy  -T (*,,6.^# - #
H: (-X,;*6A#2-5#.!]<:# , : "(*  8 6 :<<:# <s G
ONP6>@
  @ "/ &)(

#
 # 

* R6  1
 ) <
" '  

     
 iK‹     
     
  
    
 
¢ \9"#+!* "Ÿ;=3LŽG -9,;*6A#$-5#.!]<:#e,]*,#.! T />@Q#  6 @Q#):#](K*,,6.^# -D: "(K*  8 *,#.-I" 3
(-D/>!$-@Q#H:/ ,;*6A#"b -D,% *.%# %':"6A*, &)(?/ ,;*6A#$,2(-D,;*6A#H: "-T*  b

'@?A+6(.%<;=3Sy 
IKJ  ( . mPARKO°UpTˆObRK„o‡ˆT
#
q   ( . mPARKO8UaTˆORV„o‡ˆT
#
 X`RKO8WcXoz=TVPcQaRKX^rW TfO=TVP ®¡{XoQ #

WcX NO=T8XoNbPAWAX`Q\RKd O«rW¢}ªTVNP ®  WAO  ( . 9q WAOnRVOPAWcX #
8&  gWAX NO=TwXoNPcWAX`Q\RKd O rWg}ªTfNP ® 
   " '

WcO O+NbWAX`no„oRKXZWAX`z=TVPAQSRKX X`RKO(„`WeTVUSWAX  ³PARVO…VWA„`_KW TgNO=Tg‰NbOPAQeRKd O # 8&  @TfrWA‡<TVd X WAU Uhd ‡ˆQLnW
  " *'

NObQS‰RK„`‡ˆWƒrbW>‰NbOPAQSRKOWAX{PcRKOnQaON=TfX·WcX PcRKOnQSO+NbRJ
%&

hJ  ( . bPARKO UaT ORV„o‡ˆT

#

qKObR)WAX
PcRK‡ˆzbUaWcnoR¡4UpT XoNPcWAXoQeRKd 6O #
rWªUa
T =_KNb„T IKJ WcX
rW{}ªTVNbP ® Vq
z!WA„`R˜ObRˆPcRKO…KWA„`_KWZTNbOžWcUaWA‡˜WAOnoRˆrW  ( . $<
 
 

y y

x x

T ›
1 1+1/n 2 1 2

M%Qa_JªIVJ
] Nhd

#
 # 

     

#
8&   #  '& 
09;&* I «qX`Q  1 EJ
 

hQ@Tf_K„oWc_TV‡˜RKX)T NO WAX`z=TVPcQaRŠORK„`‡¬TVrbR¬nR+rRKX)USRKXƒU h d ‡ˆQLnWcX rW X`NPAWcXoQSRKOWAX rW˜}ªTVNbP ® Vq%X`W rQaPcW?NW

XoW  ¬ WAU§WAXozTVPAQSR rbWAU~‡˜QaX`‡ˆRg‡˜RhrR=NW X`W PARK‡˜zUSWcn TfO(UaRVXZ„oTVPAQSRKO=TVUSWAX z=TV„TgRK›bnoWAOWc„DUaRKX
„oWATVUaWcX J hRV›„oWˆWAU~WcXoz=TfPAQaR°rW¬X`NPAWcXoQaRVOWAXDrbWŠ}ªTVNP ® rbW¬WAUSWA‡˜WAOnRVX rWcU§WcXoz=TVPcQaRqmXoW rW =OW NbO=T
- $  

„oWcUpTVPcQ\RKd O°rWDW)NQL…fTVUaWcOPAQaTb¡ rbRKX)XoNPcWAX`QaRKOWcX>rW}ªTVNP ®  

˜WcX`nHTfd O³WcO UpT¬‡˜QaX`‡¬T˜PAUpTfXoWDX`Q

UpTDX`NPAWcXoQeRKd O°rW>O^Nd ‡˜WA„`RKX/„oWATVUaWcX





PcRKO…KWc„o_KWZTsbJ hQaWc‡ˆz„`W)PARKO…VWA„o_VW TTVUS_KR T+NW
" ' "  '


 




    


*


  

%


  

Qa‡˜zUSQaPeTH+NbW


 


!WAX NO=TgXoNPcWAXoQeRKd O(rbW¢}ªTVNP ® ³WAO #J k@U WAX`z=TVPAQSR°WcX`nHTgd PARKOnoWAOQSrR°WcO(WAX`W
WAX`z=TVPcQaRDrW^XoNPcWAXoQSRKOWcX/rW)}ªTVNbP ®  TZn„oTe… Wcd XªrWƒX`NPAWcXoQSRKOWAX/PcRKOX’n TVOnWcXAJk@O¢‡DNP ®RVXªPeTVX`RKXªX`WƒzNW ‘
%&

rW QSrWAOnQ =PeTf„)WAU
WcXoz=TVPcQaRŠrWXoNbPAWAX`QaRKObWAX>PARKOTVUS_KR ‡<TVd Xƒ‰fTVd PAQSUmrW ‡ˆTVOW oTV„AJ ©%RK„)W `WA‡˜zUaRbqNXTfOrR
nWcRK„Ahd T/rW§UaT/‡ˆWcrQar=ThqUaT  PARK‡˜zUSWcn TfPAQ\RVd O KrW! ( . +›=T oT·UaT{ObRK„o‡ˆT

#

WAX#WAUWcXoz=TfPAQaR   ( . 9J
k@O
WAX’n TVX/ObRVn TVX§n„Tf›=T oTV„`WA‡˜RKX~X`QaWA‡˜z„`WƒWAO¢WcXoz=TVPcQaRKX~PARK‡˜zUaW nRKX§‰fTVd PAQSUaWAXrW)QSrWAOnQ =PeTf„AJ@k@U USWAP nRK„ªQSOnW ‘
  

„oWcXTVrbR z!RK„
WcUbz„`RK›USWA‡ˆT^rW/PARV‡ˆzUSWcnTVPAQeRKd ODzNWcrW/PARVOXoNULn TV„mPAN=TVU NQaWc„
UaQS›„oRƒrbW/TVO{TVd USQaX`QaX
Te…fTVOWATVrRJ
   
    

  iKš
d XoTV„oWc‡ˆRVXO=TVUa‡˜WAOnoW)RVn„oTWcX`no„oNP nN„oT˜X`RK›„oW WAX`z=TVPcQaRKX{rW)‰NOPcQaRKObWAXAq=UaTDrW>z„oR+rNP nR˜WAX`PeTVUaTV„AJ
¢\9"#+!* " ;H3S,  -=T,#):"(*@#R,%*"/1" %#"\)4?(- ,;*6A# /J6S-5"/ , (F-T0#,O*6.^# -D\)6S/J6S-5"/
2#   : -g/ ,;*6A#H: ,%*"/1"4, M#  G <&)( _ ^ %#./1"!$-@Q ]@ "/ &)( 


   %& %&

2 #      #  -$;"Y@ 6A*(/1" BU4G UR,24"/ 

2# # E1¤s
$# #   s 6S! T/J6A* # œs
 

 >#    +2#  
 

   

2#       2#       
 

'@?AE;=3Sy 
IKJ·©@„oRV›=TV„/UpT rWcXoQS_KN=TVUSr=TVr¢rWZ}ªTVNP ® ‘ +P ®~TV„OV¡

2#   
*

#





NXTV„{USRKX/‡ˆQSXo‡˜RKX/TV„`_KN‡˜WAOnRVX[+NbWZWcO 8RWAO 
 J %&

hJ·©@„oRV›=TV„[ NW

#

D $# #   · noQaWcOW>UpTVX/z„`RKzQSWAr=TVrbWAX{rW>NO=T ORK„`‡¬ThJ
 

'@?A+6(.%<;=3 Ž,
IKJ   ( . &WcX{NOžWcXoz=TfPAQaR˜PARVOgzb„oR+rNPcnoRˆWcXoPATVUpTV„
  

2#    367 5 # 8&   '& C9;&=<



hJ  ( . &WAX{NOgWAX`z=TVPcQaR˜PARKOgz„oR+rNP nRWAX`PeTVUaTV„



$#     367 5 2# '&   8&   #  '&    '&  C9 &=<



 ™ WA„oQ =PeTf„/UpTVX/z„`RKzQSWAr=TVrbWAX J
hQ@WcU@WAXozTVPAQSRgPcRKO³z„oR+rNP nRŠWAX`PeTVUaTV„2# 
 wORK„`‡¬T¢TVX`RhPcQpTVrT

# 

 $# #   ZWcXZPcRK‡˜zUaW nRqX`W
rQSPAWƒrW!·QaUS›xWc„`n  XoQ ORqbWcX/z„oW ‘·QaUa›!WA„’n  J
©%RV„/W`WA‡˜zUSR   ( . 9q  ( . 4XoRVO¢WAXozTVPAQSRKX/rW ·QaUa›!WA„’neJ
  

}~RK‡˜zUaW n TVObrR  ( . &PARKOgUpTDObRK„o‡ˆT

#

X`W>RK›bnQSWAOW>WcU4WAXozTVPAQSR˜rbW·QaUS›xWc„`n   ( . 9J
 

#WA„o‡˜QaOTV„oWc‡ˆRKX WAX’n T¢z„oQS‡ˆWc„T¬X`WAPcPAQ\RVd O³PcRKO TVUS_KNORKX^WAUaWc‡ˆWcOnRKX)rW UpT¬nRVzxRKUSRK_=h d T˜rW WcXoz=TfPAQaRVX)ORK„’‘

   

‡ˆ¢TVr\9RK"#XcJ +!* " ;=3S   

 6K# , (F-0/>!$-@Q#?: (F-0,;*6A# -5#.Y!]<:# DG -@#.-5*,, (F-T?I",*6S-T:<<:
/>!$-@A"/ :#L,@TR:^ <<:< #.'/ *,#.- Y(-@Q#


  D  - YPARKO

 #

F <
"   '
s      
  
    
 
   

 - (W\*,#.-Y(-@Q#%! : , <\)6AY@Q# 6 ;"Og@#):## - ! G$ONP6>@=(F-TDI",*6S-T:<<: :+#
*,#.-@-67:<e- !?b
  

# ,?(- T(F-@#$: *(!?(F/1*6.^# - : ! 6 ONP6>@Q+(-Te(*,,6.^# - #
:$/>!$-@Q#%+: ! &)(

*,#.-I" 3 #b
" '

 ]*,YO<:"(FO : ! ,/1 (-6.^# -e: ! *,#.-C/ *,#.- Y(-@Q# :[/>#% T(F-@#% : *(!?(F/1*6.^# -R: !?b !
, *,YO<:# 6 *,#.6S-5*67: *,#.-](e*,YO<:"(FO.G # 65( *,#.! T/>!$-@#', <\)6AY@#  V,*6A*6A#  T4#"\,"Y/>#"b
  ! ,2:-;%# - DG6 (E*,Y<:"(Oe, b
 

'@?A+6(.%<;=3S, 
IKJ  ( . &WcX rbWAOX`RˆWcO   ( . ZPARVOžUaTDORK„o‡ˆT



=z!RK„/PcRKOX`no„oNPcPAQeRKd OJ
     

hJ·“4RKX¢z!RKUaQSORK‡˜QaRKXX`RKOœrbWAOX`RKXŠWAO  ( .  PcRKO¤UpTORV„o‡ˆT

 ¡WcX`noREWcXŠWAU^noWARK„`WA‡ˆTrW
+noRKOW ‘£WAQaWc„oX’n„TfXoXAJ


bi J  ( . &WcX·rbWAOX`RˆWcO   ( . 9J(™ WA„`Q =PATV„{WAX’nR˜PARK‡˜RW`WA„`PAQSPAQaR J
  

)
*)  6     

hWATVO  ¨rRVX@WAXozTVPAQSRKX
ORK„`‡¬TfrRKXAqVWAOWAX’n T)XoWcPAPAQeRKd O …KWc„oWA‡˜RKX TVUS_KNORVX
„oWcXoNULn TVrRVX
XoQS‡ˆzUSWAX%XoRK›„`W

‰NOPcQaRKObWAX{rW 7T ˜J] Nhd PcRKOXoQSrWA„oTV‡˜RKX/WAX`z=TVPAQSRKX{„oWATVUaWcX J
 

 

¢\9"#+!* " t3;    (-T UY(-5*6.^# - : $b , *,#.-@76S-(; -H#M6>G;"OC@#):#  sG
ONP6>@  Cs @A"/ &)(
    

2# 

 * 6

 #

 * <

    

'@?A+6(.%t3;  hQ4UaT


‰NOPcQ\RKd O  8&

§WcX   X`RK›„`W ( . &q=WAOnRVOPAWcX WcU‰NOPAQSRKO=TVU

   %& %&


 43 7 5  '&
8& 
 '&   9;&   

rWcUªWAX`z=TVPAQSR    ( . qPARKO«ORV„o‡ˆT


 qWcXPARKOnQSONRwWAO«PANTVU> NQSWA„DWcUaWA‡˜WAOnoR
rW §rW
®WcP ®RqHz=TV„oTPATVr=T"&& q
  

' &
'& 
 8&     8&
8& 
 '&   
    

 )'& 

'& 
8&       '& 
%
 8&  
 8&  
   

z!RK„ WAU=nWcRK„oWc‡¬T>rWAU=…fTVUSRK„@QaOnWc„o‡˜WArQSRWcU!rbRK‡ˆQSOQaR)rbW rQL‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›QSUaQSr=TVrDrW ¨WAXPARVO…VW lhR qbrRKObrW

 WAX’nHTd WAOn„`W

'&  
'&  q
°WAOno„oW

 8&  
 '&  J
hQ4nRV‡¬TV‡˜RKX/NOTˆz„`Qa‡˜WA„TD…VWAPAQSOr=TVr°rW
WcO   ( . 9q!PcRKOX`QaX`noWAOnWZrWZnoRhrTVX{UpTVX/‰NOPcQaRKObWAX
'& 
PARVO



 * +qr=TVOrbRNOT›=TVObr=T³rbWžTfOP ®R wTfUa„oWcrWArbRK„ rW
8&  «rbW
 '&  q~WcOnoRKOPcWAX


'& 
~WAX`nTV„=Tfd O°TVPcRVn Tfr=TVX  ( . &WAX{PARK‡˜z=TVP nR   zxRK„/USRDn TVOnoR
   
 


      I
y y

B δ
δ
y(x)
0
A ’
y(x)
0

A B δ
δ
x x

M%Qa_J +JSI
a b a b

 


* zTV„T '& 
~WAO°WcXT›=TVOrT<
 

#WAOr„`WA‡˜RKX{WAOnRVOPAWcXA¡



  

* 
. (






XoQ



 *   WAU4‰NObPAQaRVO=TVU&WAX^“&QSzXoP ®bQSn4 PARVOnoQaONRJ °RVd nWcXoW'NW 
/OR¬WcX^PcRKOnQaONRˆWAO
X`Q
 

X=RVd UaRXoW>r=TT  ( . q=UaT ORK„o‡ˆT

J
™ WA„{WcU4W`WA‡˜zUSR˜— JibJjbJ




¢\9"#+!* " t3St  !  +69K!" 1 9"#$#=$$#¢%"#!"&=hB "F3 b   

~¡ D(-2UY(-5*6A#.-T"/1b
6S4!$#% &)( 
  %&

 , %!?6A*,#.-@ 6S-(#+6S-VUVY6A#.Y!$-@Q -

6 :<<:#  sG ONP6>@  saG@ "/ &)(
 


  
   ;"






* <
\  , %!?6A*,#.-@ 6S-(# (%6A#.Y!$-@ -
6 :<<:# usG[ONP6>@Q usG @A"/ &)(K 
  

 
  
F ;"O






* <
 

8Rfd nWAX`W+ NbW@XoQNO)‰NOPcQaRKOTVUVWcX4XoWA‡˜QaPcRKOnQSO+NbR/z=TV„T{TV‡ ›xRKX UpTVrRVXWAOnRVOPAWcX%WcX4PARKOnQSONRJ#]^rb…VWA„`noWAOPcQpTb¡

k@X`noW ‡ˆTfnoWA„oQaTVU!ORXoWA„T d NXTVrbR˜WcOŠWAX`nTVX{ORVnTVXAJ hW>QSOPAUSNKWƒXRKd UaR zTV„T r=TV„~NO=T QarWATDrW>TVUS_KNO=TVX~rW
UpTfX/®WA„`„TV‡˜QaWcOnTVX/‡<TVd X{Te…VTfOWe TVrTVXAJ
'@?At3;  hWAT 
   ’ I 
     9;ž& rW=ObQarR˜XoRK›b„oW  s eI J
    

3 ©@„oRV›=TV„ NW 

~ WAX{PcRKOnQaONR˜XoQ4UaT ORK„o‡ˆTDWAX

 J


G3 © „`RK›=TV„ + NbW 

· WcX)XoWc‡ˆQSPARKOnQSONR QaOh‰WA„oQSRK„o‡˜WAOnoW XoQmUpTˆObRK„o‡ˆT¬WAX

¡·z=TV„oT<WAd X`noRŠTVz„`R\lhQS‡¬TV„

˜ z!RK„ˆUaT³USRKO_KQLnNrErW8NbO=T(PANb„`…fT(z!RKUaQS_KRKO=TVU ²WcX`noQa‡ˆTV„H NWgn TVO<P ®QaPAT(zNWcrW8XoWc„¬UaT


USRKO_KQLnNr¢rW>NOTPcN„`…fT …KWcPAQaOTˆT
8&  J

    
    
  
    
 
 3 ©@„oRK›TV„[NW 
§OR˜WAX{XoWc‡ˆQSPARKOnoQaON=T XoNz!WA„`QaRK„`‡ˆWcOnW>PARKOgUpTDObRK„o‡ˆT


J
 H.@!Be+!* "<t43;H
  - UY(F-5*6A#.-T"/ %!?6A*,#.-@76S-(#?6S-VUVY6A#.Y!$-@Q %#"\)4 (-D*,#.! ;*@# "/>*"-Z%+(=!9_ ^ -6S!$#"b
 - YU (F-5*6A#.-T"/ %!?6A*,#.-@76S-(#'(%6A#.Y!$-@ %#"\)42(F-D*,#.! ;*@# "/>*"-Z% (C! VN^ P6S!$#"b
 f&G% 3 +WeT 2# ªWcU&‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU 
WcU4PARK‡˜z=TVP nRJ hWeT ¤sbJª©%TV„T˜PeTVrT # rWq!®T ŠNbO=T
…KWcPAQSOr=TVrgrW # n TVU5+NbWZX`Q #wz!WA„’nWcOWAPcW T WAXoT…VWAPcQaOr=TfrqHWAOnRKObPAWAX $# E1 $#   +Jd·XTVOrbRˆUaT
 

PARV‡ˆz=TfPAQarTVrwrWq4XoW…KW+NW WAX TVPcRVn TVrbRgQSOb‰WA„`QaRK„`‡ˆWcOnWDX`RK›„oWJ +Q #
¬WcX NbO=T¢XoNPcWAXoQeRKd O

  

‡˜QaOQS‡ˆQ eTVOnWfq WAOnRKObPAWAX¢®T ENOTXoNb›XoNPcWAX`Q\RKd O PcRKO…KWA„`_KWAOnoW z!RK„ˆUaTPcRK‡ˆzTVPAQSr=TVr T(TfUa_~Nd O # J

 :" '

#WAOr„`WA‡˜RKXAqhzxRV„§UaTZXoWc‡ˆQSPARKOnoQaONQarTVrˆWc O # ˆUaT X`NPAWcXoQeRKd O¢‡ˆQSOQa‡˜Q>ATVOnWfqKz=TV„oT /X`N=PAQSWAOnWc‡ˆWcOnW

_K„oTVOrWf¡
 $#   "* 2#
 * QaOb ‰ 2#   <
   

©%RV„·USRDn TVOnoR
QSOb ‰ 2# E* 2# * QSOb ‰ $#  
   

z=TV„oT PAN=TVU NQaWc„  ¡ $#   QSOb‰  2#  J

  

©mTf„T  ~›=TfX`n TPARVOXoQSrWA„oTV„  J



# Jjk/J‚DJ
k@X`noW „`WAX`NUSnTVrR›QaWcOŠPARKOR+PAQSrR WAOž}¢TVd USPANUSR z!RK„/UaR ‡ˆWcORKX/PARVO `NOn TVObrRˆUaTVXªrRVX·X`WA‡˜QaPcRKOnQaONQSr=T‘
rWcX mORƒWcX
QaOb‡ˆWcrQpTfnTV‡˜WAOnW§TVzUSQaPeTf›UaWWAO WcXoz=TVPcQaRKXmrW~‰NOPcQaRKObWAXA¡#UpT „"T RKd ODWAX NW~XoQbWcO rQa‡˜WAObXoQ\RVd O
=OQLn T UaRVX/PARKO `NbOnoRKX·PARK‡˜z=TVP nRKX{XoRVO°TV›bNOr=TVOnoWAX PANTV>U NQSWA„/PARVO `NOnR¬TVPARVnTVr R ¢PcWA„o„oTVrR  q=WAX’nR
OR>WAX WcU=PeTVX`R WcOˆrbQa‡˜WAOX`Q\RKd ODQSO =OQLn TbJm©%RK„@W `WA‡˜zUaR)WcU=PARKO `NOnR   K& ƒWAXTVPcRVn TfrR)WAO  †s AI q
z!WA„oRX`Q&noNb…+QaWcXoW>NOgzNOnR˜Uhd ‡ˆQLnW  8&  q=WcOnoRKOPcWAX·rWA›!WA„Ahd TV‡˜RKXªnWcOWA„c¡
"  C'  


 UaQa‡
  K&
ŸI
3   '& C9;& 

Ua Qa‡ 3      &     I  & 9;& œs


„`WAPcRK„or=Tf„ NWZUpT PARVO…VWA„`_KWAOPcQpT˜WAX·NOQS‰RV„o‡˜W  J‚ƒW>®WcP ®R¬X`Q#UaT ›xRKUaT NOQSnTV„oQaTDWAX·PARK‡˜z=TVP n TWAOžNO

WAX`z=TVPcQaR˜rW TVO=TVP ® q=WAOnRKObPAWAX·WAU4WcXoz=TfPAQaR˜WAX{rW>rQS‡ˆWcOXoQeRKd O =OQLn TbJ
hQSO³Wc‡D›=TV„`_KRq&WAX’nW„oWcXoNULn TVrbRžzNbWArW˜XoWc„ ‡˜R+rQ =PATVrR¢z=Tf„R T NWˆzbNWAr=TgTVzUSQaPATV„oX`W WAO³WAXozTVPAQSRKX>rW
‰NOPcQaRKObWAXAJ°“&TžPARV‡ˆz=TfPAQarTVr(X`W NX=R°d WAOrRVX zNOnoRKXA¡z=TV„oT°z„`RK›=TV2„ NW WAU‰NOPcQaRKO=TfUWcXDTVPcRVn TfrR
z!RK„/TV›=T `R  z=TV„oTDz„oRV›=TV„ NW>UpTZXoNPcWAXoQeRKd OŠ‡ˆQSOQa‡˜>Q ATVOnW/nWcO4hd TDNbO=T XoN›X`NPAWcXoQeRKd OžPcRKO…KWc„o_KWcOnoWVJ~k U
z„`Qa‡˜WA„@zNOnoRZzNbWArW·RK›…+QpTV„`XoW{zQarbQaWAObrR +NbW·WcU=‰NOPAQSRKO=TVUb‡¬TVObrW/PARKO `NOnRKX§TVPARfn TVrRVXWcOˆPcRKO `NO+‘
nRVX^TVPcRVn TfrRKX CNW nQSWAOr=6T (   XoQ

#

nQSWAOrbW T  ®bQaz{RVd noWAX`QaX·rWZPcRhWc„oPcQS…+Qar=Tfr  !WAX’nR¬WcX ‰fTVd PcQaU
PARV‡ˆz„`RK›=TV„{WcO8UpTz„=Tfd PcnQSPeTbJ{©%TV„TˆWAU&XoWc_KNOrR¬zNOnR X`W zQSr2W +NbWDWAU4‰NOPcQaRKOTVU&XoWeTˆXoWA‡˜QaPcRKOnQSO+NbR
 


       i
WAO³UpT¬noRKz!RKUaRK_hd T¬r§Wcd ›QaU9¡ƒz=TV„oT¢NOWcXoz=TfPAQaRŠrW ·QaUa›!WA„’nƒnR+r=T¢XoNbPAWAX`Q\RKd OTVPcRVn TVrT #
˜nQSWAOW UaT¢z„oRf‘
zQSWAr=TVrCNW nQSWAOW NO=TˆXoN›X`NPAWcXoQeRKd O #
  nTVU NW 2#
  ªPARKO…VWA„o_VWT 2#  /z=TV„TnR+rR ŠWcO8WAU
" '

WAX`z=TVPcQaR WcX`noR˜X`W>UaUpTf‡¬T>PARKO…VWA„o_VWAOPcQpTr~WAd ›QSU  hWcOgWcX`noW PATVXoRX`W)zQarW +NbW 2#
 1 2#  +qbz=TV„oT
" '  

 _K„TVObrWVJ
  

k@X`noW noQaz!R rW>„oWAX`NUSnTVrRKX{z!WA„`‡ˆQLnWAOŠz„`RK›=TV„/W lhQaX`noWAOPcQpTrW>‡žd OQa‡˜RKX§WAOg‡DNP ®=TVX·TVzbUaQaPATVPAQSRKOWcXAJ hQSO

WA‡ ›=TV„o_VRq„oWc+NbQaWA„`W ‡ NP ®R ‡<TVd X@] O{TVd UaQSXoQSX MHNbOPAQSRKO=TVUrbW UaT Nh W·rWcXoWeTf‡ˆRKXWA‡˜zUSWeTV„@WcO¬WAX’n TVXORVnTVXAJ
#WA„o‡˜QaOTV„oWc‡ˆRKX~WAX`nT˜X`WAPcPAQ\RVd O°PARVOgWcU4W)NQL…VTfUaWAOnoW rbW ‡ˆTfno„oQaPcWAXc¡
¢\9"#+!* "Et3ay  - #,<:#. /J6S-5"/ BUY(F-5*6A#.-T"/T/J6S-5"/T6 /5O"-3# ,  -@ 4 (-g,;*6A#
8 (F-D,;*6A# ,2(F-TUY(F-5*6.^# - 2# '*,#.-X/1.[T4#,T6A:<<:,
%& 

 #  2#  #
$ #     $#      #  <
       

   
  

 H.@!Be+!* "€t3StB   (F-L#,O<:#. /J6S-5"/[:

-67:#C%#"\), @Q#):# DG?*,#.- I."/>#.4,C- +G
,;*6A#% -5#.Y!]<:#%
-@#.-5*,,,G/1. 613"(6A-@,[T,#,T6A:<<:, %#.-g&)(6SI."/>-@Q,
  

  ,'*,#.-@ 6S-(#


 ,'*,#.-@ 6S-(#R¢- sb







D XoNz 


$# 

F  b




 f&G% J +Q WAX·PARKOnQSONRWAOžsbq=WAOnRVOPAWcXAqHr=TVrR +qW lhQSX`nW <sbqn TVU5+ NbW

 

$#   9 s

*
 X`Q

#

* <
 

}~RK‡˜R 9 s   sbqX`Q

#

 IqnoWAOWc‡ˆRKXc¡


2# 



 # 

*
 


 NbXTVOrbRˆUaTD®RK‡˜RK_KWAObWAQarTVrŠrW  ¢z!RK„/UaRDnTVOnR


* <  

]^XAhd q  ~ Qa‡˜zUSQaPeT 9 i J

©%RV„·Rfn„T z=Tf„`nWfq=XoWAT+# WcO ¢X`WeT usbJ +WeT%# q=rQS‰Wc„oWcOnoW>rW # q=WcOnoRKOPcWAXA¡
 

$#   2# 



2#  # 



#  #



 $#  # 

#  #



*

    






# #

<


©%RV„·USRDn TVOnoRˆX`Q

#  #

*



+q nWcOr„oWc‡ˆRVX·WcU4„oWcXoNULn TVrRbJ


K    
    
  
    
 
 RfnWA‡˜RKX[NW
oX Nz 

2# 

 XoN
z 

2# 

  
 

T+NW WAU4UpTfrR rWA„`WAP ®RˆOR˜WAX{‡uTfd X·_V„TVOrbW2NW>WcU4UpTVrRQ )NQaWc„orR PARKO`NbOnoRˆ‡<TVd X/_K„oTVOrW  RNW



XoQ #
s 

#

* I


2# 



#



$#

#



*

#

XoN
z

  

;* X`N
z

  

<
   
  
 

# Jjk/J‚DJ
'@?A+6(.%t3St 
IKJ·“4RKX{XoQS_KNQSWAOnWcXª‰NOPAQSRKO=TVUSWAX/X`RKOžUSQaOWATVUaWcX ¢PcRKOnQaONRVX·X`RK›„`W ! ( . 9q=PARVOžORV„o‡ˆT

¡   

3 2#   # $(  J

G3 $#   7 5 # '& C9;&&J


3 2#   7 5 ''&  # '& C9;& PARKO

+8& 
QSOnoWA_K„oTV›USWƒWAO ( . $<


    

hJ
hRV›„oW 
( . q=PcRKOžObRK„o‡ˆT
#


‡ˆTl
# '& 
qWAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU
¡
  

2#   3
7 5
8&  # '& C9;&  

 

WcX·USQaOWATVU  PARKOnQSONRq=XoQ
'& 
WAX{QaOnWc_K„Tf›UaW)WcO ( . J 



)    
 
k@U W d lhQSnoR rWAU{}¢Tfd UaPANbUaR8…+QaWcOWŠWAOE_K„TVO«z=Tf„`nW¢rbWAU/®WcP ®Rg NWgWAO«NOEW l+no„oWA‡˜R rWŠNO=T8‰NOPcQ\RKd O«UaT
rWc„oQS…fTVrT RˆUaTVX/rWc„oQS…fTVrTVX/z=TV„`PAQpTfUaWAX§ …fTVUaW>sbJ“&T ‡ˆQSXo‡ˆTDXoQLnN=TVPcQ\RKd OŠX`W zb„oWAX`WAOn T˜WAOžWAU#}¢TVd USPANUSR rW
™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKOWcXƒTVU&n„oTfn Tf„ƒrWDUSRhPATVUaQ e TV„{UaRVX^z!RKXoQS›UaWcX^PeTfOrQarTfnRKXƒT W l+n„`WA‡˜RKXƒrW NO8‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU9J)©mTV„oT
WAd X’nR˜rWOQa„`WA‡˜RKX/UpTVX/ObRhPcQaRKOWcX{PARK„`„oWAX`zxRVOrQaWcOnWAX T rWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX·rbQa„oWcPAPcQaRKO=TfUaWAX ŠT UpT rQS‰Wc„oWcOPAQaTVU J
¢\9"#+!* "uy3;  ! ¢¯b=$&$&   1 = $&8#"u”%"#x"&= "F3
  F( - UY(-5*6A#.-T"/:
-67:# %#"\)4(- ,;*6A# -5#.Y!]<:# b 6S4!$#% &)( @ 6A-5 (-T :Y6SI.<:<

:"@ "("N -# -X/1R:"6S4,*,*6.^# -  6 

  

  $#     ,@ R:^ 

-67:# ;"O

F&)(-5 #"b
 UaQS‡           $#    

ONP6>@Q)b

 

 


 -D,@Q?*.%#'% :-5#.@ =/5/,_ ^ !?6S@Q?*,#.!$#   2# )b



 RfnWA‡˜RKX[ NW $#   ~ WAX·NO=TD‰NOPcQ\RKd OgrW>NO=T X`RKUpTD…fTV„oQaTV›USW J



'@?A+6(.%y3;  Œ #DF #9B 1 4KF!"#3

hWc_ªNd OŠWAU4W`Wc‡ˆzbUaR— J +JSI>WAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVUWcX
10

2#   3 7  ’I  #  '&    C# '&     9;&  


 

 

    |
PARVOUaTVX>PARKOrbQaPAQSRKOWcX rbW‰„`RKOnWc„T # 9s  sbq # $(   ! Jˆk Oz=TV„’nQaPcNUpTf„ƒUpT¢QaOnoWA_K„oTVU@WAX Qa‡˜z„oRVzQpT
PeTfr=T…VW)2NW # '&  œs²R d #  8&    J ©%RV„·W `WA‡˜zUaRWcOžWcU4PeTVX`R˜rbWZUaTDPAQaPcUaRKQSrW
&2)  )     
    ’I    ) 

z=TV„oT ZPcWA„`PeTDrW)shq &2    V[

)   &  FCq #  '&     &   \qhWAU!QaOnWc_K„TVObrR
XoW>PcRK‡ˆz!RK„’n T PARK‡˜R &   PcWA„`PeTrW &-œsbJ
 
 
   

  

]^X`Qa‡˜QaX`‡ˆRq+XoQ # '&  & =q=z=TV„oT"&°zxWcNWO
Rq=WcX{OWAPcWAXTf„oQa]R NW F hJ
 

©%RV„/UaR nTVOnRqzTV„T NW $#   ~WAX’nhW)d rW =OQarbR˜X`W)OWAPcWAX`QSn Tf„=?T d NW  X`WeT˜sDWAOŠUaRKX~PAWA„`RKX/rW # 
  

UaR X`WeTrWƒn TfU ‰RK„o‡ˆT' NW z„oWcXoWc„`…KW UpTDQSOnWA_V„TV›QSUaQSr=TVrJ%©%RK„/Rfn„T z=Tf„`nWfqz=TV„oT PeTVUSPANUaTV„ªUpTDrbWA„oQL…fTVr=Tbq



WAO  sbq+rW 2#   qhORKX§_KNX`nTV„Ahd TZz!RhrbWA„~QSOnWA„`PeTV‡ ›QpTV„ UaT QSOnoWA_K„oTVU!PARKO UaT rbWA„oQL…fTVr=T ˆrWc„oQS…fTV„
WAU4QSOnWA_V„TVOrbRqWAX{rWcPAQS„ ¡


9  I  $#                 #     ’I  #        < 

9  2#   
#    'I  #      ;# 

  

  



k@UhQSOnWA„`PeTV‡ ›QaR WAX%…~TVd USQarR·XoQhUpT{QaOnWc_K„TfUhrW§WAX’n TNd ULnQa‡ˆTªW lhz„`WAX`Q\RKd O WcXmNOQL‰RK„o‡˜WA‡˜WAOnoW§PcRKO…KWA„`_KWAOnoWVJ

©%RV„/W `WA‡˜zUSRDXo=Q # XoW>PARK‡˜z!RK„`nT PARK‡˜R & qbzTV„T &žzxcW +NbWO

Rq  PcRK‡˜R & qbX`WA„Td ObWAPAWcXTV„`QaR nRV‡¬TV„
 I  =XoQ@I *  F   =XoQ&s F *ŸI =z=Tf„T nWAObWA„·WAXT PARVO…VWA„`_KWAOPcQpTbJªk X’nR˜XoWc„=T d
 

WAU4PATVXoR˜XoQ4X`W)nRK‡ˆT WAO  †s ( 9q=WAX{rWcPAQS„/XoQnR+r=TVX{UaTVX/rWA„`QS…fTVr=TfX/rW …fTVUaWcOžs WcO°s ¢Wc-O (=J


  

 



'@?A+6(.%°y3St  +WeT  8&

%NOT)‰NbOPAQeRKd OPARKOnQSON=TbqPARVO˜rbWA„oQL…fTVr=TVX
zTV„oPcQpTVUSWAX  Vq  PcRKOnQSO+NTVX
WAO ( . J hWeT
   
  %&


  367 5  '&
' & 
 8 &  C9;&   

rW =OQarbRˆX`RK›„oW>NOgXoNb›xPcRKO`NOnR˜rW)‰NOPcQaRKObWAX{WAO   ( . J
k@OnRKOPcWAX


  
 4
  367 5   '&
'& 
 8&    8&   8&
'& 
 '&     8&  C9;&
   

T+NWZT"N4hd OR®=T ¢z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TfX/rW>PARKO…KWc„o_KWcOPAQaTˆrW>UaTVX/QaOnWc_K„TfUaWAX  +NbW


9   8&
 
     

  8&   '&

    <


  
9
 



ƒ‚ WAU ‡˜QaX`‡ˆR¢‡˜RhrbRCNW˜WAO«}¢Tfd UaPANbUaRŠrW…VTf„oQpTfX>…fTV„`QpTV›bUaWAX>X`WˆrW =OWcOrWA„`QS…fTVr=TfXZrQS„oWcPAPAQSRKO=TVUSWAX WcO

z=TV„’nQSPANUaTV„ªz=TV„`PAQaTVUaWcX ¢rbQS‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVUSWAXcqWAOgWAU#}¢TVd USPANUSR rW)™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWcXAqW lbQSX`noW NbO=T˜rbQS‰WA„`WAOPcQpTVU9J
¢\9"#+!* "uy3St  ! ¢¯b=$&$&wv4
+*  & 1 $&w#"u”#"%!"#= "F3 
 /VUY(F-5*6A#.-T"/ 
[@ 6A-5 (-T :Y6SI.<:< : 5%^ * @ -
G 6 ONP6>@(- UY(F-5*6A#.-T"/W/J6S-5"/K*,#.-@ 6S-(#%G
 
,G@A"/ &)(K
 


 
    
   
   



  
[    
    
  
    
 
;"OH@#):#  -D/ ,;*6A#+-5#.Y!]<:# b 

f{WAPARV„or=TV‡˜RKX[NW 



 NQSWA„`W rbWAPAQS„[NWV¡
UaQa‡ 




 œs <
 

'@?A+6(.%y3Sy  hWAT  ' & 

  ~ PARKO   PcRKOnQaON=TfXAq ¢XoWAT
 


 4 3 7 5  '&
'& 
 8&  C9;&
  

PARV‡ˆRWAOgWAU4W `WA‡˜zUaRTfOnoWA„`QaRK„cqXoRK›b„oW>NOgXoN!› WAX`z=TVPAQSRˆrbW  ( . 9q=PARVOžUaTDORK„o‡ˆT

 J
©%R+rWc‡ˆRKX{WcOnoRKOPcWAX·WAXoPc„oQS›Qa„c¡
 

 
    
  3
7 5  8&

    '&

    C9;&
    

 3 7 5 3     8&


       '& 9 9;&   

  

 3
7 5 3   '&
 
       8&

     9 9;&=<
   

}~RK‡˜R ( . WcX PcRK‡˜z=TVPcnoRq fq  XoRVONObQS‰RK„`‡ˆWc‡ˆWcOnoWDPARVOnoQaON=TVX>WcO 8&

8& 
('&  )zTV„T &WAO
( . 9JŠ©%RV„ UaRŠn TfOnoR  fq DX`RKOTfPARVnTVr=TVX zxRV„ZNOTžPARVOX`nTVOnW q
z=TV„oTgnR+rR& WAO ( . 9q³UpTVX
   

rQL‰WA„oWcOPAQaTVX/XoRVOžrW>RK„`rWAO 


 
~NOQS‰RV„o‡˜WA‡˜WAOnW)WcO ( . J
  

hQ4rWcORVnTV‡ˆRVX/zxRK„c¡


 
   3
5   8&

    '&

    C9;&
WAOnoRKOPAWcX
 
 
* 
.  (


 ¢7 WcU4„oWAX`QarNbR˜WcX^TfPARVnTVrRzxRV„ 

 

  

  <
     

'@?A+6(.% y3LŽ hWeT  '&

 
   PcRKOnQaON=TZWAO ( . F qhPcRKO           PcRKOnQSO+NTVX
WAOgWAU4‡˜QaX`‡ˆR rRK‡˜QaOQSRqbWcOnoRKOPcWAX
       % &   



   3 7 5  8 &
 '& 
 8 & 
 '& 
 8&  C9;&
     

nQSWAOW PARK‡˜R rWc„oQS…fTVrT¬rWM=„+Wcd P ®WcnAq4XoRK›„`W  ( .   ( . 9q4PARVOwUpT¬ORV„o‡ˆT



 




 


 ¡
   

 

        365                       C9;&

7 


rRKObrW>UaRKX{TV„`_KN‡˜WAOnRVX·WcO          X`RKO 8&

 '& 
 8& 
 '& 
 8&   J
‚ƒWoTf‡ˆRKX~PARK‡˜RW`WA„`PAQSPAQaR …VWA„oQ =PeTf„·WcX`noRJ
      

'@?A+6(.%³y43S,  hWAT  '&

  PcRKOnQaON=TDPcRKO    ^PcRKOnQaON=TfXªXoRK›b„oW
  qrRVOrW
WAX{NOgrRK‡˜QaObQaR TVPcRVn TfrRrWAU4zUaTVORJ k@OnRVOPAWcXAq!z=TV„T NOT ‰NbOPAQeRKd O# '&
§ WAO    qbPARKOgORK„`‡¬T
         %&


 

 

   –


#

œ‡¬TFl
# '&

E‡ˆTl
#  '&

«‡¬TFl
# )'&


  

WAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU9q   

 2#   3 3  ' &

# 8&
 #  8&
 #  8&
 C9;&09

      

nQSWAOW)PcRK‡˜R˜rbWA„oQL…fTVr=T rW M=„+WAd P ®bWcne¡ 

 $#    3 3             C9;&09

rRKObrW>UaRKX{TV„`_KN‡˜WAOnRVX·rbW    )X`RKO '&

# 8&
 #  8&
 #  8&
  J 

‚ƒW oTf‡ˆRKX§n TV‡D›bQ WAd OŠPcRK‡ˆRW `WA„oPcQaPcQaRWAU …VWA„`Q =PATV„{WAX`noRJ

 
        

 H.@!Be+!* "<y43H;  ! g"#9$&=$u$&8³$#¯b=$&($&wv4

h*  & 1 "F3 

 6 ONP6>@ (F- UY(-5*6A#.-T"//J6S-5"/ *,#.-@76S-(#%G

G @A"/ &)(K2/1$T,#cNP6S!]*6.^# -C/J6S-5"/ 613"(6A-@Q?, I["/^ J67:< 


    
 
  




 

-@#.-5*,,
   
  , F^( -6A*,#"b


 f&G% 3 hQ4®=T ¢rRKX/‰NObPAQaRVO=TVUaWcX

 
 NWZ„`WeTVUSQ>ATVO¢UpT TVzb„oRelhQa‡ˆTVPAQeRKd OqbWcOnRKOPcWAXc¡


  
    



  



  



 <
©%RV„·USRDn TVOnoR


 
  




 







  



 <



©%RV„·UaTDz„oRVzxRKX`QaPcQ\RKd O hJ ¢¡


 


 sbq WcX rbWAPAQS„
 

 J
 # Jjk/J‚DJ
 H.@!Be+!* "°y43St   6T(F-UY(F-5*6A#.-T"/ ,  %^ * @  :"6 UV,-5*67<\)/>  -
G -](-e,;*6A# -5#.Y!]<:#
DG[-@#.-5*,, @76A-5 :Y6SI.<:< : "@ "( NX-
-E@#):< :"6S4,*,*6.^# -  : DG *,#.-


  

  
   
 <  

 f&G% 3 
    
   
     
   

 # Jjk/J‚DJ
 H.@!Be+!* " y43Sy   6 (-0UY(F-5*6A#.-T"/ @76A-50:Y6SI.<:< :  "@ Q"( N -
9;"O
- (-T
I",*6S-T:<<:X:

G -9@#):<E:"6S4,*,*6.^# -  :/ ,;*6A#e-5#.Y!]<:# DG 8 6   
 ,](F-RUY(-5*6A#.-T"/


/J6S-5"/ *,#.-@76S-(K#R-  8   
',?*,#.-@ 6S-(# -
G ,':,*6S
 

  
    


*  










  
‹    
    
  
    
 
-@#.-5*,, @76A-5':Y6SI.<:<$:5%^ * @SG *,#.-  
     
cb
  

 f&G% 3 ©mTf„T





* qKUaT·…KWcPAQSOr=TVr rW
qfzxR+rWA‡˜RKX%WAXoPc„oQS›Qa„

   qKPARVOs
* * +q




 IVJ8}~RKObXoQarbWA„oWc‡ˆRVX UpTŠ‰NOPcQ\RKd OrW NO=Tg…VTf„oQpTf›UaW#    
   J°©%RK„Z®Qaz/RVd nWcXoQaX#  

nQSWAOW)rbWA„oQL…fTVr=T
  

#      
  
 

z=TV„oT ªWAOno„oW
   +J ]^rbWA‡<TVd X

#      #    

*  
  








  
  


WAX{rWcPAQS„ #   ~WcX PcRKOnQSO+NTzTV„T

*
<
©%RV„˜WcUªnWcRK„oWc‡¬T8rWcU/…VTfUaRK„D‡˜WArbQaR WcO²NbO=T8…VTf„oQpTf›UaW  q@W lhQSX`nW  s F  F q n TfU NWV¡ #   


# s  #  ) q=WcX·rbWAPAQS„A¡

 


  
    
     
    
    
      
  <
      

d XoTVOrR˜UpTDUSQaOWATVUaQSr=TVrq+WAOg®q=rW   
 qbnWcOWA‡˜RKX 


  
       
   )
  

rRKObrW  )/ ObRˆrWczxWcOrWZrWZUaT˜rbQa„oWcPAPcQ\RKd O  qHPARKOžUpT z„oRVzQaWcr=TVr NW    ~nQSWAOrbWZTˆs˜X`Q n QSWAOrbW

TsbJ

 # Jjk/J‚DJ
}~RK‡˜R(X`W8zNWcrWwORVnTV„Aq/WcX`n TfX¬n„`WAX z„`RKzQSWAr=TVrbWAX¬rbW8UpTVX˜rWc„oQS…fTVrTVX¬X`RKO XoQS‡ˆQSUpTV„`WAX˜T(UpTfXHNW8X`W
WAObPANWcOno„TVOˆWAO˜WAU!}¢TVd USPANUSR)rW/…fTV„oQaTVX
…fTV„oQaTV›UaWcXAJ%k@X§QS‡ˆz!RK„`nTVOnWªrbWAX`nTVPeTf„ NW{z=Tf„T)UpT)rWc„oQS…fTVrTƒrW
1 Tf
nWATVNhlˆOR XoW^OWAPcWAXoQLn TDUaT nRVzxRKUSRK_=hd T rWcU WcXoz=TVPcQaR X=RKd USRDUpT rW  ‡ˆQSWAOn„oTVX  NWƒzTV„T UaT rWc„oQS…fTVrT
rW³M=„+Wcd P ®WcnœWAd X`nTEWcXŠWAXoWcOPAQaTVU J hQ>WcX`nREzNWcrW …KWA„`XoWPARK‡˜R«NO=T …KWAOnT oT  + NbWX`WA„=T«d W lhzUSRVn Tfr=T
%&

z=TV„oT°WAObPARKOn„oTV„ PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAXDOWcPAWcXTV„`QpTVXDzTV„T8USRKX W lhno„oWc‡ˆRKX T8ObRwUaR8WcX z=TV„TžUpTVXZPARKOrbQaPAQSRKOWcX

XoN =PAQSWAOnWcXA¡ŠWAO²}¢TVd USPANUSRwrW …fTV„oQaTVX …fTV„oQaTV›USWAXAq@UaTVXDPcRKOrQSPAQaRVOWAXDX`N=PcQaWAOnoWAX˜WAX`n=TVd O«›=TVXoTVr=TVXWAO«UaT
W lhz=TfOXoQeRKd O°rW mT +UaRV„ TXoWc_KNOrbR RK„orbWAOq%ŠzxRV„·USR˜nTVOnR˜WAO8UaT rQS‰Wc„oWAObPAQpTfU J~] Ua_KR‡DN ŠXoWA‡˜WoTfOnoW
z=TVXoTV„=T d WcO°WAU4}¢TVd UaPcNUaRrW)™TV„`QpTVPcQaRKOWcXAJ
)


       6 
 

¢\9"#+!* " Ž#3;   / UY(F-5*6A#.-T"/ 

 @76A-5 (F- ! VN^ P6S!$# !9_ ^ -6S!$# />#%*"/ -
6

 
*¤s ¤1 s ;"]@Q#):# 8 I",*6S-5#H
G ;"R/ *(W"/ 
 ,@ ^ :
-67:#"b


 RfnWA‡˜RKXH+ NbWwWAO WAX’n TrW =OQSPAQ\RVd OuUpTnoRKz!RKUaRK_h d TwrWAU^WAXozTVPAQSRWAOn„oTWAO¤UpT³OR+PAQ\RVd OurW°…VWAPAQSOr=TVr ¡

EzNWArbW³X`WA„ …VWAPAQSORET
WcO NbO=TORK„`‡¬Tz!WA„`R OR WAO¤RVno„T  …VWA„¢UaTMmQa_VN„T<IVJSI J }~N=TVOrR«UaT
nRVzxRKUSRK_=hd T¬ORŠWAX’nHTžd W lhzUhd PAQSnTV‡˜WAOnWDrbW=OQSr=TŠWAX`noR°WcX>‰NbWAOnW˜rWPARKOh‰NXoQSRKOWAX
WAO³UpT Nd ULnQS‡¬T¬zTV„`noW
 


 

 
      
   š
rW WAX`nTVX~ObRVn TVXrQL‰WA„oWcOPAQaTV„oWc‡ˆRVXUSRKXW l+n„`WA‡˜RKX§WcO¬‰NWc„`nWcX~RZr~WAd ›QSUaWcX§X`WA_~Nd OˆUpT>ORK„o‡ˆT>WA‡˜zUaWATVr=T>WAO
WAU4‡˜QaX`‡ˆR WAXozTVPAQSRˆUSQaOWATVU J
±~HFh6¨Ž&39;J  6 
e@76A-5=(F- ONP@74!$# />#%*"/ -
G$-@#.-5*,,   
  s - @#):<.
/1.]:"6S4,*,*6A#.-5,  :#.-T:?/1C:Y6SI.<:<C: "@ Q"( N ,@+^ :
-67:<<b+ -=;"Y@76A*(F/1" 6 @76A-5?(-T
 

:Y6SI.<:< : 5%^ * @ -

G -@#.-5*,,  
 D¨s <


 f&G% 3 hWeT  NOT˜rQS„oWcPAPAQeRKd OgTVr‡˜QaX`Qa›USWVq+WAOnRKObPAWAX UpT ‰NObPAQ\RVd O

#    
   

WAX’nHTd rWOQar=Tz=TV„oT ªz!W)NWO

R noQaWcOW>NOžW l+n„oWc‡ˆRWcO  bs qz!RK„/UaR nTVOnR#  s  s <


 # Jjk/J‚DJ
k@X&‡DNƒQS‡ˆz!RK„’n TVOnW#nWcOWA„&WAO>‡˜WAOnW@WcU®WAP ®bR NW@WcX`nW „`WAXoNbUSn TfrR{X=RKd USR/WAX&NO=T'*,#.-T:"6A*6.^# -'-5,*,,)"Y67V¡
WAO PATVr=TƒrQS„oWcPAPAQeRKd O  NOR)zNbWArWªnoWAOWc„
NO W l+no„oWA‡˜R)RƒNO zbNOnR)rW/QSO =/ W lhQeRKd OJ#]^UbPcRKOX`QarWc„TV„m…fTV„`QpTVX
rQS„oWAPcPAQSRKOWAX NObR zNWcrW·RK›bnWcOWA„NO˜zNOnRZXoQSUaUpThJm©#RK„ RVn„oT z=Tf„`nWfqWAO˜NO¬WcXoz=TVPcQaR rW{‰NOPAQSRKOWcX®T 
NOOƒNd ‡ˆWc„oRŠQaO =OQSnoRŠrW¬rQS„oWcPAPAQSRKOWcX USQaOWATVUa‡˜WAOnoW QaOrWczxWcOrQSWAOnWcXAJŠ©%RV„ZUSRŠnTVOnRžWAX`nTžPcRKOrQSPAQ\RVd O
rQSX`n T ‡DNbP ®RˆrbW X`WA„{XoN =PAQSWAOnWfJ
™TV„`QaRKX)rWUSRKX)z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TVX NW˜®Wc‡ˆRKX>zUaTVOnWATVrRŠWAO³WAU@z„`Qa‡˜WA„)PATVz4hd noNUaR¢X`RKO³PARKOrbQaPAQSRKO=TVrbRKX)zxRV„
NO ‰NObPAQaRVO=TVU ¡mzxRK„§W `Wc‡ˆzUSRDWAOŠUSRKX~z„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVXªQaX`RKz!WA„oQS‡«W d n„`QaPARVXAJ%k U UaWAP nRK„ TD®=TV›b„=TDd z!WAOXoTVr+R NW
WAX’nRKXz„`RK›USWA‡ˆTVXDrWc›xWcO²X`WA„ n„oTfn TVrbRKX zxRV„DWAU/‡«Wcd noRhrRwrbW¢‡DNUSnoQazUSQaPATVrRK„`WAX rbWŠ“#Tf_K„TVOb_KW¢R³TVUa_KR
XoWc‡ˆW oTVOnWfJ f{WAPcRK„orTV„oWc‡ˆRKX{z„`Qa‡˜WA„`R WAU4„oWcXoNULn TVrbR˜WcOžrbQa‡˜WAOX`Q\RKd O =ObQSn ThJ
±~HFh6³Ž&3St  ! Ÿ# 1 .%9K=$&H+BD$&wŒ HF="#Hw+"
"F3
 "-%#       < < <    ,GKUY(-5*6A#.-5,
 -E(-T$I",*6S-T:<<:R: -
G I."/>#.4,?- b
%&

 6 #  ?@ 6A-5 (F- ONP@ 4!$#R/>#%*"/- *,#.-T:"6A*6A#.-T<:#2#.   €s G +¥I < < <  G -@#.-5*,,
       %& %&

ONP6>@-  ¤=I *,#.-;@A"-@Q,  < < <  @A"/>, &)(K

  
 
   

+#    
    œs
 


  

*,#.-

%

%   


s <
 RfnWA‡˜RKX NW¢ObRwXoW¢W lhPcUaN VW¢UpT°RKz!PAQeRKd O s¡˜WAO«WAX`W¢PeTVX`RwUaRKX _K„TVrbQaWAOnoWAXDrW /WcO X`RKO
  

UaQSOWeTfUa‡˜WAOnWDrbWAz!WAOrQSWAOnWcX 
WcX`noRžX`WA„=Tgd WAU@PATVXoRgXoQ   %J˜k OPeTVrTgX`QSnNTVPAQeRKd OwPARKObPA„oW n Tg®=T ENW

 

WAX’nNrbQpTV„ZWAXTžzxRKX`Qa›QSUaQSr=TVr$J f·WcPARK„`rWA‡˜RK'X NW¬WAX`noW¬„`WAXoNbUSn TfrR8XoWˆrWA‡ NWAX’n„TžXoNz!RKOQSWAOrR +NbW UaRKX

…KWcPcnoRK„oWcX   @X`RKO¬USQaOWATVUa‡˜WAOnoW/QaOrWczxWcOrQSWAOnWcXAqbUSR>PAN=TVUHz!WA„`‡ˆQLnWVq+T)n„oT\…@Wcd X~rWcUHnoWARK„`WA‡ˆT rbW UaT
‰NOPcQ\RKd OQS‡ˆzU hd PcQSn ThqrbWAXoz!W oTf„  rW/UpTfX
…VTf„oQpTf›UaWcX
WAO ‰NOPcQ\RKd OrW{UaTVX
RVno„TVXcq+NbXTVOrbRZUaTVX
PARVOrQaPcQaRKObWAXAJ
 

‚ƒWAX`zN§Wcd X~XoW·NXoTZUpT)„`WA_KUaT>rbW UaT>PATVrWcO=TZX`RK›„oW·UpTfX …fTV„`QpTV›bUaWAX@USQa›„`WAX@z=Tf„T>r=TV„ UpT)PARVOrQaPcQ\RKd O˜OWcPAWAXoTV„oQaT

rWNO³W l+n„`WA‡˜RJ 1>WcRK‡«Wcd n„`QaPATV‡ˆWcOnWVq4zTV„T   hq  •Ižq  '&
& s ªPARKO  8&
 
s 
_KWcOWA„oT^NO=T^PcN„`…fT·„oWA_VNUpTV„#WAO WAU+zUpTVObRqfPcRKODORV„o‡ˆTVU ! J f{WAzb„oWAX`WAOn TfOrR)UpT·XoNz!WA„ =PAQSW  # 8&

  

z!RK„ X`NX PAN„’…fTVXDrW ObQS…KWcU q

WcX ‰fTVd PcQaU@…KWc?„ +NbW XoQ§WAU~PATV‡˜QaORq  '&
  sbq@Tfno„Te…+QaWcXT°NOT8PAN„’…VTžrW
  

OQL…KWAU§rW ##q
OR8®=T zxRVXoQa›bQaUaQSr=TVr rWˆNO W l+n„`WA‡˜RJ8“4RKXZW l+n„`WA‡˜RKXDWcX`n Tf„=TVd OWcO UaRKX zNOnoRKXDrRKObrW


WAU PATV‡ˆQSORgWAXZnTVO_KWcOnW TŠUpTŠPANb„`…fT°rW˜OQS…VWAU  rW¬NbO(XoRVUaRgUpTVrRgrWˆWAUaUaTbq&R°X`EQ # nQSWAOW˜NO(zbNOnR

PA„Ahd noQaPAR z!RK„>W `Wc‡ˆzbUaRgWAOWcUzTVXoR8rbWˆNOTž‡˜RKOn TO=
Tbq&WcOWAX`W¬PeTfXoR # ¥s  JŠk@O(WAUz„`Qa‡˜WA„>PeTVX`R 
 V| s     
     
  
    
 

UpTfX~ORK„`‡¬TfUaWAX~TVU PATV‡˜QaOR ¬TDUpTZPAN„’…VTDrbW)OQS…VWAU rbWA›!WAOŠXoWc„/z„oRKz!RK„`PAQaRVO=TVUaWcXAJ@©%TV„TDPcN›„`Qa„~noRhrRVXªUaRKX

PeTfXoRKXcq=QaOPcUaN VWAOrR  sbqRV›bnWcOWA‡˜RKX{UpT ‰fRKd „`‡DNUaTbqbPcRKO

%


sb¡
  

+#        s <
    

g(x,y)=0

g(x,y)=0

f(x,y)=a

9T ›ª©mTVX`R¬rW>UaTD‡ˆRKOnT O=
T
f(x,y)=a

M%Qa_J
bJSI
d XoTV„oWc‡ˆRVX^WAX’nW „`WAXoNbUSn TfrR z=TV„oT¬z„`RK›=TV„ WAU&nWARV„oWA‡ˆT¬rW ‡DNUSnoQazUSQaPATVrRK„`WAX/WAOwNbOwWAXozTVPAQSR ORK„`‡¬TVrbR
 J
±~HFh6³Ž&3Sy  ! Ÿ# 1 .%9K=$&H+BD$&wŒ HF="#Hw+" F" 3
 "- 
   
 < < <   
UY(-5*6A#.-T"/>, QHI."/>#.4, - $:
-67:#% -E(F-THI",*6S-T:<<:.G - DG


:
G *,#.-C:Y 6SI.<:<. : "@ "( N   
    "
,G-X,) I",*6S-T:<<:.G;"O?@#):<]:"6S,,*,*6.^# -  -
    %& 

b  ( #.-5!$#% &)(*<:< (F-T :,). :6SI.<:<.[,*,#.-@76S-(W'-

;"O *<:<  V#"b  -@Q#.-5*,,,GT6
 

@ 6A-5 (F-eONP@ 4!$# />#%*"/K-

G *,#.-T:"6A*6A#.-T<:# #.   
 œsG ONP6>@Q-e*,#.-;@ "-@,,G  < < <  G


*,#.-

%

%   


saG@ "/>,'&)(
    
  

  
. 
      
  s



 

;"OH@#):#  - b
 -$;"Y@ 6A*(/1" 6/>#%UY(F-5*6A#.-T"/>, @ 6A-5- : Y6SI.<:<. :%^ * @ G *,#.-@76S-(W.?-
G@-T:"4!$#%


 
  
    
 œs <



 

 f&G% J +WeTVO   < < < 
q  WcUaWA‡˜WAOnoRKX/rW q=PARVO

 

 IKqPcRKOX`QarWc„oWA‡˜RKX{UpTfXª‰NOPAQSRKOWcXA¡
  

# 8&  < < < &
  

&        &


  

  '&  < << &
    

&         &

 <
 
 


 
      
  


 |hI
}~UpTf„TV‡˜WAOnW XoQ=&  < << &
XoRVO8zxWcNWO
RKXcq

&         &

z!WA„’nWAObWAPAWT˜UpT …KWcPAQaObr=TVr
rW
rRKObrW X`WDWAOPcNWAOno„T¢WAU#W l+n„`WA‡˜R¢PARKObrQaPcQaRKO=TfrRJ·k@Owz=TV„`noQaPcNUpTV„#³noQaWcOW NO°W l+n„`WA‡˜R¢WAOwsbq
 

PARVOrQaPcQaRKOTVrR z!RK„   '&  << < &
 œsbq 2ŸI < < <  J
©%RV„·Rfn„T z=Tf„`nW
 
 

#   '&  < << &
     

 &       &


  

   8&  < << &
       

&         &


 

XoRVOwPARKOnQSON=TVXƒWcO &  < < < &
J>©#RK„ƒUSR¬n TVOnoR„`WAXoNbUSn TfrR¢rW}¢TVd USPANUSR¬rWD…fTV„`QpTVX{…fTV„oQaTV›USWAX q@#  
XoRVOwPARKOnQSON=TV‡˜WAOnWDrbQS‰WA„`WAOPcQpTV›bUaWAX·WAOwNbO=Tˆ…KWcPAQSOr=TVr rW shq ž XoWDzbNWArWTfzUaQSPeTV„{WAU#nWcRK„oWc‡¬T¬bJ ž¡
 

W lhQSX`nWcOžPcRKOX’n TVOnWcX  < < <
O TY6A#.Yx6 rWczxWcOrQSWAOnWcX^rW  < < <  § n TVUSWAX[ NWV¡
     

# 9 s   
    s œ s <

  

k@X{rWAPcQa„
s z=TV„oT
 I < < <  <
   
   
      
 

 

 

]^®bRK„T ›QSWAOq=X`QnRK‡ˆTV‡˜RKX     KI qPcRKO       AP NTVU>NQSWA„Thq¢XoQ4PcRKOX`QarWc„TV‡˜RKX/UpTD‡ˆTfno„oQ>f¡

   
    
 <<<    
 

    
     
 <<<      

  

 <<< <<< <<< <<<
    
     
 <<<      
 
UpT„`WAUaTVPAQeRKd O¤TVOnWc„oQaRV„ rQaPcWENW UaRKX¢„`WAO_KUSRKOWcX¢XoRKO UaQSOWeTVUS‡ˆWcOnW°rbWAz!WAOrQSWAOnWcXAq)z!RK„¢UaRnTVOnR«WAU
rW nWA„`‡ˆQSO=TVOnW rbW˜WcX`nTg‡ˆTfn„`Q>ZWAX s #rWAXoTV„o„`RKUaUaTVOrR¢WcU
rWcnoWA„`‡ˆQSO=TVOnW PcRKO„`WAX`zxWcPcnRžT¢UpT z„`Qa‡˜WA„oT
PARVUaN‡˜O=Tbq+nWAObr„oWc‡ˆRKXc¡
  
  
    
  s 


 

rRKObrW ¬ WcX/WAUxPARV‰TVP n RK„~rW    

 q 4WcU PARf‰TVPcnoRK„ªrW     
ª¡  4OR rWczxWcOrWAOgz!RK„~USR
n TfOnoRrW q=XRKd UaRrW  < <<  J
    

k@ U!noWARK„`WA‡ˆ T NWcr=TDz„oRV›=TVrRZXoQTfUa_KNObRZrW WAX`RKXªPARf‰TVPcnoRK„oWcX~WAX~rQS‰Wc„oWAOnoW^rW^sbqhzTV„TZTVUa _~Nd O  ‘ noNzUSR

 

  << <   JD‚ƒW UaR PcRKOn„Tf„oQaRbqnWAObr„oWc‡ˆRKX NWX`Q@WAXoPcRK_KWc‡ˆRKX  œI˜rbQa„oWcPAPcQaRKOWcX  < < <    q

WAOnoRKOPAWcX WcU4rWcnoWA„`‡ˆQSO=TVOnW>rW>UpTD‡ˆTfno„o>Q  ¡
   

     
      
 < < <        
 

     
      
 < < <        

 <<< << < < < < <<<
    
      
 < < <        
 
rWc›xW X`WA„)XoQSWA‡˜z„oWDsbqz=TV„oT¬nR+rR  PeTfr=T  rTŠNbO s J ‚ƒWcXTV„`„oRKUSUpTVOrbR¬WAUmrWcnoWA„o‡˜QaOTVOnWDPcRKO
„oWcXoz!WAP nR T UaTDz„oQS‡ˆWc„TDPARVUaN‡˜O=TbqbnoWAOrb„oWA‡˜RKX

|    
    
  
    
 


     
  s


PARVO HWAUPcRV‰TVPcnoRK„@rW      
 qWcX@ QaOrbWAz!WAOrQSWAOnW{rW  J@‚ƒW/ONW …KR XoQbnoRhrbRKX@UaRKX HzxRVXoQa›bUaWAXcqK z=TV„oT
nR+rRKX%UaRKX+   I‘nNbzUaRKX+  << <    # X`RKOsbqVz!R+rWA‡˜RKXm„`WAz!WcnoQa„#WAUTf„o_KN‡˜WAOnoRƒWAUSQa‡˜QaO=TVObrR   
   zxRV„§W `WA‡˜zUaR J hQ!WAO¢OQSO_~Nd O˜‡ˆRV‡ˆWcOnoRZnoWAOWc‡ˆRKX~NO PARf‰TVPcnoRK„~rQL‰WA„`WAOnW rW)sbq+UaUSWA_TV„`WA‡˜RKXT
 

UpTDX`QSnoN=TVPAQeRKd OŠPARKOgrRKX/‰NObPAQaRVO=TVUaWcXƒ¡ UpTDX`Qa_KNQSWAOnW>‡ˆTfn„`Q>· nWAObr„ehd TrbWcnWc„o‡˜QaO=TfObnW sbqzTV„TDnR+rR  ¡

      
 
  
        

 
     
hQ·z=TV„oT(OQaOb_ªNd O   USRKX˜PARV‰TVP nRK„`WAX X`RKOurQL‰WA„`WAOnWcX rW8shq/WAOnRKObPAWAX¬XoW°noQaWAObW     
  s 
      
  sbq z!WA„`R WAOnRVOPAWcX)®+Nb›Q Wcd „TV‡˜RKX^z!R+rQarRnRV‡¬TV„  sbq 2 sbq  I < <<   hq
    TV„o›bQSn„oTV„oQSRKXAJ
 
 
  

# Jjk/J‚DJ
'@?A+6(.%Ž&3; > ZFHG%+6( BAH.@f6  * 1 K#3
hQ=z!WAOXoTV‡˜RKX WAO¬WcU=z„oRV›UaWc‡¬TbqrbWAUHW`Wc‡ˆzUSR>— J hJ hqrW·UpT)PcN„`…fT>rW USRKO_KQLnNr rTVr=T + NbW WcOPAQSWA„o„oT NbO=T
TVd „`WeT ‡uTFd lbQS‡¬ThqbWAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVUrbW(Tfd „oWeT WcXA¡
!'&
  3  8 &
 
&   9




PARVOžUaTDPARKOrbQaPAQeRKd O
 '&
  3  8&   
     9


 s< 
 
k@U&WAXozTVPAQSRˆrW>n„oTV›=T `RˆWAX·WAU&PARVO`NOnRˆrWZzTV„oWcX rW>‰NOPcQaRKObWAX '&
ª WAO   s 'PARVO°UpT ORV„o‡ˆT


  q ¢UaTDz„oRKzbQaWArTVrŠrWZX`WA„{z!WA„oQeRKd rQSPeTVXc¡ &29s G&2 . q
s 
 . J
  

}~RK‡˜RDUaRVX~QaOnoWA_K„oTVOrRKX§XoRKO   X`Q &   

  
s zxR+rWc‡ˆRKX§PeTVUSPANUaTV„UpTVX§rWA„`QS…fTVr=TVX§rW)M=„+Wcd P ®WcnªrW
 

UaRVX§‰NOPcQaRKOTVUaWcXAq+NXTVObrR UpT>‰fRKd „o‡DNbUpT>rWAUxW`WA‡˜zUSRDibJ X`Nz!RKOr„`WA‡˜RKX  NWƒWcU PeTfOrQarTfnR T ‡uTFd lbQS‡ˆR

WAX{NOgz=TV„{rW)‰NObPAQaRVOWAX '&
§„`WA_KNbUpTV„`WAX nWcOr„oWc‡ˆRVX·WcOnRKOPcWAX·UpT „oWcUpTVPcQ\RKd O ¡




3   
 
    '&    &     9  3  '&    
   %'&   
      9  s


 

z=TV„oTDnR+rR    ~ WcOžWcU4WAXozTVPAQSR  WAX{rWAPcQa„{WAO   †s 9q=PARVOž‡˜QaX`‡ˆR …fTVUSRK„/WAOgUaRVX/W l+n„`WA‡˜RKX J

  

'@?A+6(.%Ž&3St  hQnoWAOWc‡ˆRVX  NW>WcOPARKOno„TV„·W l+n„`WA‡˜RKX{rWAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU

 
  3 7 5  8&

 C9;&  

PARVO  WAO   quUpTfX PARKObrQaPcQaRKOWcX

$(   ! q
$.   ¬A q
'&  WAO   q z!R+rWA‡˜RKX zUaTVOnWATV„ WAU
z„`RK›UaWc‡¬TDrbW rbRKX{‡¬TVObWA„TfXA¡
I hQ
WAX&WAUVPeTVOrbQar=TfnoR·TªW l+n„`WA‡˜RqfWcOnRKOPcWAX&nR+rR
^WcO   ( . zNWArbWWcXoPc„oQa›bQa„oX`W@PARK‡˜R

  J

 


 

 
      
   V| i
}~RK‡˜R
8& 
8& ~rWA›!WAOŠXTnQaX’‰TVPAWc„ªUpTfXªPARKObrQaPcQaRKOWcXªrWƒ‰„`RKOnWA„oTbqbnoWAOWc‡ˆRKX  I(  œsbq  $.  œsbJ
©%RV„·USRDn TVOnoR 
§zNWcrWZWcXoPc„oQa›bQa„oX`W


   D 
    3 7 5  '&
 
    C9;&
   

NWDX`W WAX’nNrbQpTˆWcOwWAU&WAX`z=TVPcQaR rWZUpTVX{‰NOPcQaRKObWAX  8& ·WAO   ( . qxPARKO  I( +  I.% Ÿs gORV„o‡ˆT


 WcX{NOžWcXoz=TfPAQaR˜UaQSOWeTfU  Jm‚ƒWA›!WA‡˜RKX/WAX’nNrbQpTV„/UaTrbWA„oQL…fTVr=T rW M=„+WAd P ®bWcn·rW  WcO8sb¡


  9 s   3 5   )'&

     8&

    C9;&=<
7    

%TV‡D›bQ WAd O z!R+r„ehd TV‡ˆRVXZn„oTV›=T oTf„DWAO«WAU~WAXozTVPAQSR   ( . (no„TfnTV„DUpTfXDPARKObrQaPcQaRKOWcXDrW ‰„`RKOnWA„oT

$(   ! œsbq
$.  Aœshq=PARK‡˜R rRKX/‰NOPcQaRKOTVUaWcX/PARKOrbQaPAQSRKO=TVObrR˜TVUW l+no„oWA‡˜R¡ WAU‰NbOPAQSRKO=TVU


 7 
 
I (  !
WAX{PcUpTV„oTV‡ˆWcOnW>M=„+Wcd P ®Wcn rQS‰Wc„oWcOPAQaTV›UaW^PARKOgrWA„`QS…fTVr=Th¡
  7 
    $(  <
k@UnWcRK„oWc‡¬T rW>‡DNULnQSzUaQSPeTVrRV„oWAX§rW “&TV_K„TfO_KW)r=TV„T d WAU4XoQS_KNQSWAOnW)„`WAXoNbUSn TfrR¡
3
7 5       :9;&  7  $(   5  $.  œs
  

z=TV„oTDnR+rR  WAO   ( . 9J
]^ ®bRK„TƒX`Q  œsbqKz!RhrWc‡ˆ RVXmnRK‡ˆTV„  8& %PARVO  I(   sbq  $.   IKqKz!RK„
USR^n TVOnoR 5 œsbJ
k X`PARK_VQaWAObrR


'& ˆPcRKO $(   IKq $.   sbq/noWAOr„Ahd TV‡˜RKX 7  sb¡³UpTVX˜n„oWcX PARVOX`nTVOnWAXŠX`WA„Ahd TVO sbJŸ©#RK„ USR
 

n TfOnoR  €
s Kq&rQL…+QarQSWAOrR¢UaT „oWcUpTVPcQ\RKd Owz!RK„ xq&z!RhrWc‡ˆRVXƒnRK‡ˆTV„oUaT¬PARV‡ˆR IKJ #RK‡ˆTVOrR  '& ƒPcRKO


$(   $.  œsbqnoWAOrb„oWA‡˜RKX

 

3 7 5       C9 &-œs <

™ WA„`WA‡˜RKX WAO«WAU§PeTVzhd nNUSR8XoQS_KNQSWAOn W  NW¢XoQ§WAX`noR WAX PAQSWA„’nRq
WcOnRKOPcWAX ~noQaWcOW rWc„oQS…fTVrT (WcXT
rWc„oQS…fTVrT …fTVUSW J
©%R+rWc‡ˆRKX{z!RK„/UaRDnTVOnR˜QaOnWc_K„Tf„/zxRK„/zTV„`noWAX{UpTDQSOnoWA_K„oTVU ¢RV›bnWcOWA„c¡
3 7 5    9;9 &       9;&   
57  7  $(   5  $.   s
 

WAX{rWcPAQS„A¡
  I( !
 $(  . 7   I( .   $. A
 I.    5   I.%  s <
   

}~RK‡˜R  $(    I. ·XoRVOwTV„o›bQSn„oTV„oQSRKXAqnoWAOrb„oWA‡˜RKX·UaRKX{…fTVUaRV„oWAX·rW  J k

…+QarbWAOnWc‡ˆWcOnoWDUaRVX rRVX
 

‡«Wcd nR+rRKX§XoRKO¬)W NQS…fTVUSWAOnWcX KqbT WAX’n TVXªTVUSnoN„TVXcqhWcUxX`WA_KNbOrR z=TV„`WAPcW)7 NO=T Pc5 RK‡ˆzbUaQaPATVPAQeRKd OQaOObWAPAWcXTV„`QpTbJ
 

hQSOgWc‡D›=TV„`_KRqWcOžRfn„oRVX/PeTVX`RKX·…fTVUSW)UpTDz!WAO=TWAXoT˜PcRK‡˜zUaQSPeTVPcQ\RKd OJ
^TfX`n TTV®bRK„T UaRVXª‰NOPAQSRKO=TVUSWAX/WcX`nNbrQpTVrbRKX{WA„TfOg_VWAOWc„TVUSWAXAJk@OgWAU#}¢TVd USPANUSR rW)™TV„oQaTVPAQSRKOWAXcqbUaTD‡¬T‘
KRV„eh d T rWªWAUSUaRKX#XoRVO rWªUpT·‰RK„o‡ˆT QSOnoWA_K„oTVU qfPARK‡˜R^WcO WAUhW `WA‡˜zUSR)TVOnWc„oQaRV„AJ%©mTV„oTƒWAX`noRKX@XoW~zNWArbW/z=TVXTf„
 f|      
     
  
    
 

rWUpT¢„`WAUpTfPAQ\RVd O  
   sgT¢NO=TŠWAPcN=TVPAQeRKd O³rQS‰Wc„oWAObPAQpTfU J©mTf„TŠzxR+rWA„>®=TfPAWA„`UaRq&OWcPAWcXoQSnTV„oWc‡ˆRVX
TVUS_KNORKX „oWAX`NUSnTVrRKXrWg}¢Tfd UaPANbUaRENWVq§r=TVr=TwX`N²QS‡ˆz!RK„`nTVOPcQpTbq%®WA‡˜RKX˜TV_K„`Nz=TVrRwWcO²NbO²PATVz4hd noNUaR


TVz=Tf„`nWfJ

   

 
    
  

 

   "!$#%'&(")+*(,./-  021435%6&7'#8*5- ).37- 9:3;,8*(<*(#>=$?1@*A=$#%BC&D*(=8*5=260$FEG02$)BC378*(1H*50$8*I)0$*()B+37- 

=$BJEG#<'$)B4*(1LKMNB1OEG02$)BC378*(1
PRQGS$TUWV:Y5X Z Q\[^] S_] Sa`bT$c7[
=$ed8$B4=23><3(!$#<gfihejlk8]nm oqpN)'37 Z ] Zsr ] Zst )3(u<B4u08*('pa<B4'$g026eva<#<9:3w6SDxyQG[zT)3($=$B4)'B437$*(=$3{,z3(#
SOQqkaTHU}|~p_SOQqmeTHU}6pz'€ 37$)'gOQq‚ƒT„UPRQGS(x†…‡‚ƒTˆ<B42w02;eva #%9:36';‰2pƒ,8*(#<*:14*(ŠEG0$$)BC37$'‹‚
IfŒh'jlk8]nm oqpƒ)37$37#%96*;Ž‚Ž h p$‘A‚^QqkaTU}‚^Q’m'TRUW‰NK“'$9:37Š€ 3($)'”
•6zQ’‰€T<‚?U}V:Y X Q Zsr QG[^] SDx+] Sux` T<‚~… Zt Q\[^] S(x] Sax` T%‚2`–T$c7[—U˜‰
,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?‚K
MNB=$'$3( *(9?3(ˆ,z37# ™
QG[zTRU Z^r Q\[^] S(xyQ\[zTe] Sux` QG[zT%Te]
™ š QG[zTU Zst QG[^] SDxyQG[zT›] Sax` Q\[zT<T›]
Q\[zTœ‘ š QG[zT„<3(I)'37€ B4u08*D'žjŸk8]nm oLK
™
 R¡N¢¤£¦¥¨§6©% ª£$«ƒ¬y£8­^«ƒ¡®©¥2¯8°ƒ±N²+¥N³¥a°z´+´yµ·¶.¸<¹ QG[zT{ºN»_¹g¼›ºa»O½e¾8À ¿ »¤½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹¸e»AÂùÅÄLÆqNjÁȹ(Ésʺ8¸Ë
™
VÌY X QG[zT%‚sQ\[zT%c7[U˜‰ ™
͉8¹(Ú Î%¹IÁ ÀÏaÀ ‚иe»ÑfÒxÅjŸkƒ] mnoUÔÓD‚^Q\[zTi½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹¸e»¨jŸk8]nm oL]:½ À »‚^QqkaTÕUւsQ’meTÕU։a×7ÄÕ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ QG[zT‹Ù
™ ™
™
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£OµÞMNB Q\[ƒxeT‹UWß ‰iI*(14à„02- ",$0$€ 3Ì[ƒx€ #%~k:‘—máp8€ 3($)'pƒ,z3(#ˆ)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=.p Q\[zT„<'#8* -
=$'19?BC<9:3Œ<BCà7$3Ìâu0$ QG[ƒxeT„'I028*Ì&()'B4$=8*D=žj [ h ]<[ƒã o^*(1C#<'=$=$3(#ˆ=$Õ[ƒxáp$)37€<$BC=8*:'žjŸk8]nm oLKHMN*
‚^QG[zTÒ=$ed8$B4=$*Ì)'379:3$”
‚^QG[zTªUåä Q\[6æž[ h T'‰ QG[ƒãªæF[zT ç+ç+èè [5[žéêéêß jj [[ hh ]<]<[ƒ[ƒãã oo
ë7ë
 ë
 
       !
  

I‚ '%ƒ*Ì- IfÒxyjŸk8]nm oLp8,_37<BJ BJ&(*Œ'žj [ h ]<[ƒã<oqK"37#Š1C3Œn*(€ 32”

™ ™
™ V Y X QG[zT%‚sQ\[zT$c7[U V!# QG[zT%‚^QG[zT$c7[ ™ 

 BC$„1$%B4à7$3Õ=2 QG[ƒxeT›p7,_37#143‹ *(€ 3‹<$'9?37028*Õ#%)$ 37€ #<*(=$BC))B+37- .K Q\[zT†=$!_ˆ<'#R‰‹Ì1$BC€ #%B437#

=$?jŸkƒ] mno‘(p8,z3(#ˆ)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=.p$5k:‘máK
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

 R¡N¢¤*£ )ê, § +HÉÎ ¸nØeºaÉ Áȹ ÏaÀ?Ï ¸eÉÉ4.¸ -:0¹ /A¸n2Ø 1ˆ(¿¹ É ¾ ÏaÀ Øe¾†ØªÀ ¿ É À Øá¸ Í ¾ Ï ¸~ʺ8¸
™
V:Y X Q\[zT<‚^QG[zT$c7[U˜‰2]
Í< ¹(UÐÎ%¹?‰2Á ]%À=%Ïa=%À =']?‚¦>× ¸e»4f ¹(x3 Î<jl¹ˆk8]n‚Im oz¸e»ÕU fAÓDx @ ‚^Q\jŸ[zkƒTœ] mnoz½ UÀ » ÓD‚sÏ Q\¸e[zΛTi5¾ 1Ź¸e»—Ï ¹ÅfA،@̽ À jŸkƒ»8]Á’¾\mn»8oº2½ ¹Å،»Ñ¸eÁ» jŸkƒ¹Å]Ø{mnoqÉJ¹Å] Ø 7‚ 69¸e8;Λ:¾5Qq1Åka¹ TRUW¹ÅØ^7‚ ‰:698;¸e:<»{Q’mek!TªUÐB—¸e‰2»Õ] m+×C=
ÀÍ À ÀÏ Ï Ï
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£OEµ DÒ*(% *:9:3a=$BCd8)*(#„14*i,$#<0$'!8*Ì=$11C9?G* F{<379?*($=$3
‚^QG[zTRIU H ‰2Q<QG] [6æF[ h TQ\[ƒãHæž[zT%T 3%J h ] EG0$F#<j[ *ih =$]%[ƒ?ã<jLo [ K ]<[ƒã o
h
3Ì!$B4'.p
 N[ M^QA æ ã
FPO$QG[6æF[ T Q\[6æž[ƒãeT .T K 'žj [ ]<[ƒã<o
h ã
‚^QG[zTRU H ‰N] EG02# *ih =$?j [ h ]<[ƒã o
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

Qg3D 9:37{âu0$6%BRâa02#<'9?3(~0$<*(#w%<37w149?*('ps'~9¦*(- {à7'$#<*(1R1R#<'<0$1Jn*(=$3A)3( ‚FFf x @ jlk8]nm oqp

0$8*Ì)14*(<Õ9¦*(- ˆS) R$BC)+*Ìâu0$wfÒxÅjlk8]nm oqK
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z¦¥F§ˆMN0$,_37$à€*(9:37ˆâu0${S(xŠ0$Aeva<#<9:3:143a)+*(1z=$1.EG0$2)B43(8*(1
PQ’S2TU V Y X Z QG[^] SOQG[zT%T$c7[
=$ed8$B4=236<3(!$#<>fihjŸk8]nm o†)'37;1@*Ì$37#%96*юsŽ h p_)3751@*()372=$B4)'B437$'gSOQqkaTHU |~] SOQqmeT„U 6]K \„37$%B4=$_ ^
# *D$=$3Ì1.EG0$2)B43(8*(1
zQL‚ƒTU V Y X Z QG[^] SDxyQG[zT… ‚^QG[zT<T$c7[
<3(!$#<ifŒhjŸkƒ] mnao `ÑfÒxyjŸk8]nm oLp.)'37Ñ$37#%96* Ž†Ž h p‚;U ‰"‹0$Ñ›va #<'9?36143a)+*(1qKÕMNB Z p Zsr <37Ñ)'37€ BCa0$*(
FQqk8]nmeT›p8€ 372)zQL‚ƒT„ BC$Õ=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*i=$cbG*Dd <+*(0avI‰2p$'A<3N=8*i=$BC#<'))B+37- I‚IIf x @ jlk8]nm oq”
• eázQq‰€TU V Y5X Zsr QG[^]<S(xyQ\[zT<T<‚^Q\[zT$c€[—UWa‰ =
!
 ë

3(#~1C3 *(€ 3 Zsr QG[^] SDxyQG[zT%TÕU ‰ Q’k8]nmeTe”w0$$3 379?*5‚¤Ù‰A'¤&()BC$=8*(=2>=26k5‘ mŒ%BR$3 R$*á‘
)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=5=2 Z^r ' Q’kƒ]<|ÕTˆ36 Qqmá]niT›KEQg3(<9:37Šâa02Œ<B Zsr ' )3(u<B4u08*(9:€<~=$BJEG#%$)'B@*(!$1C(p
"

)3( Z^r Q’k8] |ÕTRUW‰2p7‘ Zsrr Ž 6 Y  : U˜ß ‰{'€ 37$)'ª,z3(#1$ '37#<'96*Õ=$Š14*ÕEG02$)B+37- ÌB49:,$1È/- )BC *2py1@*Õ)'08*()'Bá37- .”
^
Z r Q\[^] S$T†UW‰2]WSOQqkaTU˜|
 BC$I0$8*ž%37140$)'Bá37- OpˆS.Q\[zTepÑ0$- $BC)+*F' jlk8]nm oqK \„379?3FS(xyQ’m'TIU   ; BC,z3¤=$;,$#%37!$1C9?*(?<B42
=$'96*(%B@*(=$*(ˆ)372=$B4)'B437$'K
TVU¡u¬   Z®¥¤§ˆ“s# *Ån*(#ˆ14*(ÒEG0$$)'B4378*D14'”ÒPRQGS$T U ã

X S c7[^]WzQ’S2T U ã ã [=

X Q\["æžS2T S c7
™ Y Y
 R¡N¢¤£ž°ê§ ¶.¸<¹ QG[zT{ºN»_¹g¼›ºa»O½e¾8À ¿ »¤½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹A¸e»Ñjlk8]nm oÒÁL¹(É^ʺ8¸
™
VÌY X QG[zT%™ ‚$`GQG[zT$c7[—U˜‰
Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ‚¦¸e»f h jŸk8]nm o `Ifҙ xÅjŸkƒ] mnoGĈ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ Q\[zTªU P>ç Nk >  =
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£OEµ Qg3(<9:37ˆâu0$~%B Q\[zTHEG0$%~=$BJEG#%$)'B@*(!$1C(p$BC€ à(# *($=23:,_37#ˆ,8*D#% 'ˆ 2=$#+/- *(9?3(”
™ ™ ™
V Y X QG[zT%‚ ` QG[zT$c7["U æ V Y X ` QG[zT%‚^QG[zT$c7[̅ ‚†Ž XY UW‰2]
,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3$p$)'379?3?‚^QqkaTRUW‚^Q’m'TRUW‰Np
™
™ V Y X `\QG[zT%‚sQ\[zT$™ c7[U˜‰ =
"3(#„1z14'96 * NpN<$'9?3( ` QG[zTRUW‰2KMNB4?9Œ!8*D#<à73$p Q\[zTª$3>Ò$')' *(#%B@*(9:€  =$™ BCEG'#<2)B@*D!$14DK ^*
B4=2+*6'‹€ 3($)'ՙ 0$ *(# B4€ 'à7# *()'Bá37- I,z3(# ,8*(# '‹;'1†3(<#<3"%€ BC=$3$K{Ma+* {U
Y X QG[zT$c77[ O$Q’mÒæ¦kaTep
1,2#<379:=$BC3i=$ KªMN* ™
‚sQ\[zTRUWV Y # Q Q uTæ 'T%
c a=
™
€ 37$)' ‚^QqkaTRU˜‰2]g‚^QqmeTRU˜‰2p2,z37#ˆ14*Œ=$'d$$B4)'Bá37- —=$ ypƒ‚ ` Q\[zTªU Q\[zTæ yKª‚A,_#%<$')~*Œ1@*Œ)'1@*(%
=$'1149?*2K€ 3($)'
™ ™ ™ ™ ã
™ w
‰ U V X 2
‚ ›
` 7
c —
[ U V X \
Q z
[ 
T Q G
Q z
[ †
T  T$c7[U V X Q QG[zT†æ T c7[
æ ™
‘€*Ìâu0$
Y X DQ QG[zT†æ 'T$c7[—U ‚^QqmeTªU˜‰2K "s37#Š143in*Du<3 QG[zTRU ÅY K
Y Y
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z*) §ˆMN+*

zQL‚ƒTU V Y;X Z QG[^] Sux` Q\[zTs… ‚2`GQG[zT%T$c7[^]

ë  
       !
  

)3( 0$ eva #%9:3ÑêfŒh'jŸkƒ] mno7`žfÒxájlk8]nm oqp®‚¦U ‰2p‘¤$37#%96*êŽÒŽ h K¨MaB Z ] Zt %37 )3(u<B4u08*(>
Qqk8]nmeT   p8'u<37$)'pƒ)'379?3Ì'I'1 %9:,$1C3 F(p2 '$9:37”
• eázQ’‰€TUWVÌY5X Zst QG[^] Sux` QG[zT%T<‚2`’Q\[zT$c€[—U˜‰
,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?‚IIf x @ jŸk8]nm oLK "s37#ˆ11C9?* 2p8)37A143(ˆ9?BC<9:37Ò*(#%à70$9:€ 3(p$ '$9:37'”
QZst G[^] Sux` QG[zT%TªU 'žQ’*2pl!ƒ.T =
MNB Zst ' f h p8)3( Zst t Ž 6 #  r
 6 # : : U˜ß ‰Np8,z3a=$9:37ˆ#%<3(1C&7'#Š% *:')08*D)Bá3(- I,8*D# * U QG[^] 'TeKª€ 372)
 

S(xyQ\[zTªUœ|®…¦V Y # Q $] T$
c $]



=$372=$ ‹<{=$'<#%9?BC8*Ì*Ì,$*(#%<B4#Ò=${14*Ì)'37$=$BC)B+37- —S(xyQ’meTªU˜6K

¡u¬
TVU   Z ) ®§ˆ“s# *Ån*(#ˆ'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1
PRQ’S2TU V Y X  QG[zTQ FH…®Su`\Q\[zT ã T h ã c7[^]
SOQqkaTUÐ|~p$S.Q’meTUW6K R#ˆâu0$ÕS `  QG[zTH<B42‹0$<371C3Œ<BCà7$3$p2*(/- )379:3ŒS ` K\„379:3Œ%'9?,2143Œ#%<3(1C&7'#
143(ˆ)+*(%37”
F7K  Q\[zTR
U FPOÅ[;kiU F(p8mŠU Np8|ÐU˜‰2p8 U F7K
NK  Q\[zTR U F7p8SOQqkaTU˜|~p8S.Q’meTU˜6K
ã
TVU¡u¬  Z?°A§ªMa+*wPQ’S2TU
x h Q F€…>S ` Q\[zT<T h c7[i=$ed8$BC=$3g,$*(# *1@*(EG0$$)'B4372f h jŸ‰2]%F'ou)37~S.Q’‰€TU˜‰2p
SOQ FyTU F7KªMN+* QG[zTRUÐSOQG[zT†æ¤[^p8)37 5'5f h jl‰N%] FCo `IfÒxyjl‰N%] FoªQG)37A$37#%96*5ŽŽ h TeK
£z´ "R#%37!8*(#ˆâu0$wzQ zTU PQG[i… QG[zT%T„ ƒ#a- S) R$e=$BCEG'#<2)B@*D!$14DK
Ý´ Š<3(1C&7'#Š1@*Œ)'08*()'Bá37- I•6zQ zT<‚:UW‰i,8*(#<*Ì<3N=23:‚p$‘6&7#âu0$ Ù}‰iŠ1Œ0$- 2B4)3i,20$€ 36)'#+/-  B4)'3$K
N´ "R#%37!8*(#Šâu0$  —U˜‰Ì'g02I9I/- $BC9?3~143a)+*(1qK
™
 R¡N¢¤£  § ¶.¸<¹ QG[zT{ºN»_¹g¼›ºa»O½e¾8À ¿ »¤½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹6ÁL¹(Ésʺ8¸
™
V Y X QG[zT<‚ ` QG[zT$c7[U˜‰
㠙
Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ‚¦¸e»f jŸk8]nm o `IfŒx h ™jlk8]nm oGĈ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ QG[zTŒ¸nØ{ºN» Í8À É ¾\» À -i¾ À:Ï ¸(Î%¹ ÏaÀ ¹?É À - Å¿¹ Øc/€Ú
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ„MaB7<0$,2Be- #<*(9:37âu0$ Q\[zTO^f ã pÅ'€ 37$)'^B4€<à7#<*($=$3Š=$37.&()'s,z37#O,8*(#%<'pÅ<$=$#/- *(9:37'”
 ë

™ ™ ™ ™
‰wU V Y X ‚ ` c7[U V Y X ` ‚gc7[?æ ` ‚Ž XY … ‚ ™ ` Ž XY ]
0$<*($=$3:11C9?* Œ‘"1@*(ˆ)'37$=$BC)B43($Š=$ÕEG#<3(u<#<*2p2 '$=$#/- *(9:37ˆâu0$ ` QG[zTRU˜‰2K
MN*( ›xŠ‘ h =$37Š)'37$% *(€ ' *(14'ˆâa02(”
™
V Y X Q Q\[zT†æ exRæ h QG[6æ kaT<T$c7[U˜‰
™
V Y X V Y # Q Q aTæ ›xHæ h Q {æêkaT<T$c Rc7[U˜‰N]
Š=$')BC#” 㠙
Qqm„æ kaT Q ›_x O
Š… h QqmHæêkN;T O
bTU V Y X !V Y # Q aT$c c7[^]
㠙
›xÅQqmHæêkaT… Q’mHæêkaT O wUWV:X Q\[zT$c€ [=
h Y
MNB MsQ\[6æêkaTÒ=$'$3(n*Ì*(1,_371CB4$379:B43
V Y # V Y  Q ›x… h Q  h æêkaT<Tc  h c >U exáQG[?æêkNT ã O
ˆ… h QG[?æêkaT
_O C]
€<37$)' M^QG["æêkaTU Q\[6æêkaT ã  Q\[6æêkaT„)3(

QG[6æ kaTªU e_x O … h QG["æžkN;T O
aU  xh  6 : Q’mHæêkaTQ\[6æêmeT  ODè 
evN,8*D$=$B4'$=$3:A<'#<B4{=${“*+‘N1C37#K
& 0$#%9:37:=$'<™ #<9:B4$*(# QG[ æWkaTÌ=$An*(1Š9:3N=23¤âu0$ MsQqm{æWkaTi‘ M ` QqmÕæWkNTi<*(‡=8*D=$376,_37#:1@*(

B4€<à7#<*(14'ˆ=$ QG[zT›K \„379:3
ã
M ` Qqm„æ kaTRU Q’mHæêkaT ` Q’m„æêkaT… $Q’mHæêkaT QqmªæêkaT


,_3N=$'9?3(ˆ<)'#<BC!$B4#ˆ14*(ˆ)372=$B4)'B437$'ˆA1@*ŒEG37#%96*2”
 M^QqmHæêkaT  QqmªæêkaT
㠉  Qqm„æ kaT
T  U $Q’mHæêkaT QqmHæêkaT ã   ` Q’mHæêkaT 

M ` Q’m„æ ka
À&aB4#%<B4'$=$3n*—96*Å #<B —Q\&Ò*D- 14B4=23—,$0${'{<#<B4*($à70$14*(#nT›pz3(!2 '$9:37{1437 )3a'd8)'B4€<{=$ Q\[æ‡kaTep

g=$)'B4# exg‘ h Kw Q s*:#
* .37- ;,_37#Š$G3 R8*D!z'#g#%<021C<36=$BC#<')'n*D9?'u<>'1s,$*(#g=2>)'08*()'B437$' ' ,8*(#<*
=8*(#ˆ028*:BC$=$BC)+*()'Bá37- —=${)'379?3™ R8*D)#Š'1 %#%)BC)B43 2K T
MN*Œ€ 372)g‚^QG[zTRU
Y #
Y  Q Q  h T^æ ™ ›x†æ h Q  h æ¨kNT%T%
c  h
c $K \„14*(# *(9:€<{‚^QG[zTH'Šf ã pN)37A‚^Q’kNTRU
‚^QqmeTRU}‚ ` Q’kNTRU˜‚ ` QqmeTRU˜‰2p$‘A‚ ` U QG[zT†æ ›xªæ h Q\["æ kaT›K
 =29¦*(- 
Q ›x… QG["æžkNT%T<‚ ` Q\[zT$c7[U Q ex†… Q\["æ kaT<T%‚ ` QG[zT† æ h ‚^QG[zTᎠXY U˜‰N]8,z37#ˆ1C3Œn*(€<3$”
YX ™ h h ™
V Y X Q QG[zTæ ›xHæ h QG[?æêkaT<T ã c7[—U V Y X Q Q\[zT†æ exªæ h QG[6æ kaT<T<‚2` GQG[zT$c7[
 ‰  
       !
  
™
U V Y X QG[zT<‚ ` QG[zT$c7[6æ V Y X Q ›x†… h QG[6æ kaT<T<‚ ` QG[zT$c7[=
1ˆ,$#<BC9?'#ŒN'- #<9:B4$™ 3Ñ&D*(14‰ ,_37# R$B4,Š3D-  %B4'pª‘ '1Š<à(0$$=$3¨n*(9Œ!2Be- ê,_37#Ì1Š*(#%à70$9:€ 3¤*(€ '#<BC37#K
\„37$)'140$BC9?3(Òâu0$ QG[zTU ›x†… h QG[?æêkaTeK
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK
™
 R¡N¢¤£
ê§ ¶.¸<¹ QG[zT{ºN»_¹g¼›ºa»O½e¾8À ¿ »¤½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹6ÁL¹(Ésʺ8¸
™
V Y X QG[zT<‚ 6 3 ™ : QG[zT$c7[UЉ
Í ¹(Î%¹ŒÁ ÀÏaÀ ‚ž¸e»?4f 3$jŸk8]nm o `if x3  h jŸk8]nm o’ÄH¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ Q\[zT{¸nØ ºN» Í8À É ¾\» À -i¾ À>Ï ¸ (Î<¹ ÏaÀ ¹ŒÉ À - Å¿¹ Ø >>æ FuÚ
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£OµMN+*
™
‚^QG[zTRU V Y # V Y  $  V Y  $ Q Q  3 Tæ ›xHæ h Q  3 æêkaT†æ  æ 3  h Q  3 æ kaT 3  h T$
c  3 
c  h
=$372=$ ex%] =%=%='] 3  h <37 > )'37$n*(€ ' =$'<#<9:B4$*(=8*(;,_37#;14*(;)'37$=$BC)B43($ ‚ 6  : QqmeT¦U ‰2p~è U
‰2%] ==%=?] >—æ F7K "37#ˆ)'37$%<#<0$)')B+37- ™ т 6  : Q’kaTªUЉ2p$èUW‰2] =%=%=] >—æ F7p$‘
‚ 6 3 : QG[zTRU QG[zT†æ ›xHæ h QG[?æêkaT†æ  æ 3  h Q\[6æêkaT 3  h =
À 'à7# *(2=$3?,_37#ˆ,8*D#% 'pƒˆED*(- )'B41O&(#Šâu0$

V Y X ‚ 6(3%: Q\[zT Q ex†…  … 3  h QG[?æêkaT 3  h T$c7[—UW‰ =

€ 37$)'
Y X 7‚ 6 3 :%QG[zT ã c7[—U˜‰2p8BC9?,$1CB4)*($=$3~1#<'<0$1Jn*(=23$K
& K ˆK('ŒK

TVU¡u¬   Z  § "#<37!$*(#„âu0$‹14*(ª)37$n*(€< ›xá%] =%=%=e] ›vNB4%<.K "*(# *~%<3i%)#<BC!$B4#ª1_,_3714BC$379:B43
3  h

MsQG[?æêkaTRUWV # V  $ V   $ Q ›x†… Q  æ kaT^… … Q  æ kaT 3  h T%
c  =%=%=  ch

Y Y 
 
  Y h 3

 
 

3  h 3 3

)3(9?3IQG[?æêkaT 3  Q\[6æêkaT›p8)37

QG[6æ kaTªU 3   x h è   QG[?æêkNT  O$QGè_… >.T aU 3   x h  6 : Q’m„æêkaTQ\[6æêmeT  ODè 
  

<)'#<B4!2B4#wQ M^QqmRæ kaTe%] =%==L] M 6 3   h : QqmRæ kaT<T„'AEG02$)B+37- =$:Q Qqmªæ kaTe%] =%==]  6(3  h : QqmHæžkNT%TH‘"0$$*:9?*D #%B 

 #%B@*(2à70$1@*D#pa,8*(# *ÌevN,$#%<*(# 6  : Qqm„æêkaTH‘—,_37#ˆ143i *(€ 3Ì1@*(  K
 R¡N¢¤£ž™ ±ê§6© AÜ Ze² "¡ ^X¢ Z_­  ©¥a³ƒ°^¥(²+¥a³_³ z´+´yµ
¶.¸<¹(» QG[zAT B š QG[zT ÏaÀ ؼ›ºN»O½e¾ À »O¸nØ>½ À »8Áq¾\»8º2¹ÅØwÁȹ(É4¸nØwʺƒ¸Ë
 F

™
V Y X Q Q\[zT<‚^QG[zT^… š \Q [zT<‚ ` Q\[zT<T$c7[UЉ
͚ ¹(` Q\Î%[z¹žTªÁ U ÀÏa™ À Q\[z‚åTÚ ¸e»êf h jŸkƒ] mnoGė½ À »®‚^QqkaTAU ‚sQ’meT5U 8‰ Ú +„»8Á À »O½n¸nØ š ¸nØ6f h ¸e»˜jlk8]nm o6½ À » Ï ¸eΛ¾51Ź Ï ¹
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ Qg3D 9:37Râu0$<B š '„fŒh›puB4€<à7#<*($=$3{,_37#,8*(# 'pN02 *($=23~14*()372=$B4)'B437$'R=$ˆEG#<37€ '# *2p
1R#%<021Cn*D=$3I'>0$$*A)'37™ $<')0$'$)B4*5=$'1H1C9?* F(GK "†™*D# *I1C14'à€*(#Õ*(1R#%<021Cn*D=$3I=$*(#<'9?37{'1ª%B4à702B4€<
#<3a=$'3$”<*:|ŒQG[zTRU
Y # Q uT$
c $pa€ 3($)' | ` QG[zTRU QG[zTep
™
VÌY X QG[zT%‚sQ\[zT$c7[UWVÌY X |g`’Q\[zT<‚^QG[zT$c7[U æ V:Y X |ŒQG[zT<‚2`’Q\[zT$c7[i…ê|iQG[zT%‚^QG[zT‹Ž XY =
^*i#<14*()B+37- —=$'1s'u0$$)B4*(=$3Ì=$'1s1C9?*Œ<{%)#%B4!_w'€ 37$)'w”

VÌY X Q š Q\[zT†æ |iQG[zT%T<‚2`GQ\[zT$c7[UW‰

,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?‚IéÑfŒh'jlk8]nm o `5fÒxájlk8]nm oqK "s37#Š11C9?* 2”
š QG[zT†æž|ŒQG[zTRU˜)'37$% *(€ DK ™
\„379:3Ì|iQG[zTÒ'gfŒh›p$ *(9Œ!$Be- 143i' š Q\[zTep8)3( š ` Q\[zTRUÐ| ` QG[zTRU QG[zTeK
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

"n*(„$3(n*Dp202 *(#%9:37„9¦*(- REG#<)'0$€<9:€ Õ'1z%B4à70$BC€ #<'<0$1Jn*(=23$pN'1O)'08*(1_à7$'# *(1CB *{<3N=$3(

143(ˆ149?*(Ò,2#<'&aBC37”
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤™ £ ¥¨§?© ¡ _¡u¬ e² .¡u¬y¬ q­ ˆ¥ ƒ± .´yµ
/ ̶.¸<¹ QG[zTi½ À »8Á’¾\»8º2¹¸e»¨jlk8]nm oHÁȹ(Ésʺ8¸>Ë
C 
 

™
V:Y X QG[zT<‚ 6 3 : QG[zT$c7[UЉ
™
Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ™ ‚¦¸e»f x @ jŸk8]nm oÃ]Ú +H»8Á À »O½n¸nØ QG[zTŒ¸nØ{ºa» Í8À É ¾\» À -i¾ À?Ï ¸ (Î%¹ ÏaÀ ¹6É À - Å¿¹ EØ >—æ FuÚ
̶.¸<¹(» QG[zTnÄ š Q\[zTi½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹ÅØi¸e»Ñjlk8]nm oHÁȹ(É4¸nØ>ʺ8¸>Ë
™
 

V:Y X Q Q\[zT<‚^QG[zT… š Q\[zT<‚ 6(3%: QG[zT<T$c7[—UW‰

Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ‚¦¸e»f x @ jŸk8]nm oÃ]Ú +H»8Á À »O½n¸nØ š éÑf 3 ½ À » ™
š 6 3 : QG[zTRU QAæ FyT 3  h QG[z_T =
   
       !
  

Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ
FyTˆMN
* _Q\[zT ‰ioƒæ 7F ]%Fuj p$)'37?Ifcx @ Q   TH‘
V   _QG[zT$c7[U F =
"3(# %9:,$143
_QG[zTRU H ‰N] h 6 h  #  : O
 $$   h 6 h  #  : c7[^] ,8,8*(*(#<#<*;*;ŽŽ [[Ž Ž 
FF =
™ ™ ™
MN*P  QG[zTRU ™  $
Y X _Q%Q’S>æž[z;T O (T Q’S2T$cuS_pu1 <*D14B4<*(=$37# Œ=$ 8#<BC=$#%B4)SR$ˆ=$ K
\„1@*D# *(9:€   P  Q\[zT:"f @ ,$*(# *¤[œ' Qqk8]nmeT̑(pˆ)379:3 _Q%Q’SAæ˜[z;T O (TIU ‰¤,8*(# *Ў Sæ˜[Ž
 Np
<B~Ž [ÑæÐk.Ž
 Åx
 žpՎ [5æ˜m7Ž
 Dx
 Fpª€<37$)'Ì1ÒBCu<#&(*D143Ñ=$—BCu<à7#<*()B+37-  <—#%=$02)A*
j ["æ a]<[Œ… yoqKRR€<37$)'p_1)*(9Œ!$BC3i=$Õ&(*D#<B@*D!$14‹SiUœ[Ì… p8,z'#<9:BC<‹%)#<BC!$B4#'”
™ h

™
P QG[zTRU V  h _Q T QG[i… T$c ]
  

™ ™ h ™ ™
™ P Q\[zT†æ Q\[zTªU V  h _Q TQ QG[i… ™ T†æ QG[zT<T$c =
  
™
'Õ*(=$35âa02 Q\[zT~Œ02$BCEG37#%9?'9?'€ 6)'37€ BCa0$*5ÐjŸk8]nm oLpÒP  Q\[zT{<B42=$"0$$BJEG37#<9:9:€<"* QG[zTep
,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3i[;FjŸkÕ… Åx+]nmªæ Åx<oLK "s37#Š3( #<*i,8*(#%<̔
c 3 Q P ™ Q\[zT<TU  h C3 V:X QæAFyT 3 6 3 : Q<QGS>æž[zT O 7T ™ QGS$TcuS
c7[ 3 Y
)3( 6 3 : Q<QGS æ [z;T O (Tå' f x @ jŸkƒ] mnoœ)'379:3 EG02$)B+37-  =$ Szp}%B‡[ ,_# 2)*(1 BCu<#&(*D143
jŸk„… Åx+]nm^æ Åx<oq] "!#™ DxpN'„=$')B4#'pN'% *~EG0$$)'Bá37- ?,z'#% '$)'Õ*~14*w)'1@*(% ,8*D# *~14*w)'08*(1_1@*{B4€ 'à7# *D1_'Òa‰ K
A)3($<')0$'$)B4*AP  Q\[zT„0$,z371CB4$3(9?BC3>=${à7#<*(=$3:*i143Ì9‡*D-  >—æ F7p$,8*(#<*Œ[;FjŸkÕ… Åx+]nmªæ Åx<oL”
™
$P  QG[zTR& U %'áQ\[zTªU 3  x h k  %[ 
=$372=${1@*(Šk  Š,$02=$'5=$',z'$=$#=$( aK
“s379?'9?3(Ò[ h %] =%=%=e]<[ 3 ap >¨,20$€ 37=$B4 BCu<37ˆFjŸk‹… Åx+] mHæ Åx<oqKª“s29:37
)* %++QG[ h T ,.- )* F [ h [ 3  h ,.- )* k€0x  ,.-
h K
KK U
 %'áQ\[ T /  F  [   [ 3   h /  k K  / =

 
 
3 3
 3 3  h
MNBz|}Ò14*>9?*D #%B (pa|}'ÒB4€&7'#%<B4!$1C )3(—=$'<#<9:B4$*(€ 2 1 4N3 8 Q\[  æÑ[ 8 Tg”=$e '#<9:B48*(€<‹=$ ª*(2=$# ^
9:37$=$DK
"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”
)* k€x0K  , - )* %++QG[ h T , -
K Ð
U |  h KK
 k /  %'áQ\[ T /
3  h 3
 

)3(u&(#%à7>*N” ™
)* GQ [ K h T , - )* k€K x , -
| h ™ K / Ù  K / =
Q\[ 3 T k3h
À&aB4#%<B4'$=$3Ì=${u0$'&(3$p_<$=2#<9:37
™
Q\[ 8 TU 3  x h k  [ 8 ]
™ ™
,8*(#<* < U F(]%=%=%=e]?>†K \„08*($=23 : BC$=$Ì*—‰NpP  QG[zT<B4'$=$Ì* 0$$BJEG37#<9:9:€<(p.1C3"âu0$Ì,z'#<9:BC 
%)37à(#E>;&D*(1437#%„[ *(#%!$BC<# *(#%B437H<BC—,z'#<=$'#à($'# *(1CB4=8*(=OK \„379:3Ìk U˜1CB49  xƒk ˆ$3Ì=$,_2=${=$
[ h ]%=%==]<[ 3 ,_37#1@*ՙ )'37 €&7#%à72)B@*w0$$BJEG37#<9:(p€$3w,$0$'=$ R8*(!_#R9‡*D- ª=2 0261L/- 9?BJ
 DpD‘i™ )'379?3Õ[ h %] ==%=]<[ 3
<3(5*(#%!$BC<# *(#%B437'p Q\[zT„%~,_3714BC$379:B43~ jŸkÕ… Dx]nm„æ Åx<oqK Åxg*(#<!2BC #<*(#<BC3Œ‘ Q\[zTҝ)37€ BCu0$3
FjŸkƒ] mnoqp8,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3Ì1,$#%B49:#Ò,$02u<36™ âu0$'=8*:,2#<37!8*D=$3$K
"†*D# *IQ 7T›p$<*:|ŒQG[zTR U
Y #
Y #%$ 
Y #   $ Q\[ 3 T$c7[ 3  c7[ h =ƒu<37$)'pƒ|ŒQG[zTÒgf 3 )37
™
| 6 3 : QG[zTRU QG[z_T =
™
V:Y X Q\[zT<‚^QG[zT$c7[—U}V:Y X | 6 3 : QG[zT%‚^QG[zT$c7[U QAæ FyT 3 VÌY X |iQG[zT%‚ 6(3%: QG[zT$c7[
‘€*Ìâu0$>‚Aƒ*Ì- If x @ jŸk8]nm oLK
MNB14*Œ#<14*()B+37- —=$?Q (T„Š)BC#% *2p$'u<37$)'p_,_37#ˆ1@*Œ,8*D#% :Q FyTep š Q\[zT.…WQ cæ FyT 3(|ŒQG[zTÒŠ0$A,_3714BC$379:B43
=${à7#<*(=$3:*i143Ì9‡*D-  >—æ F7K '‹{
* R/- 14*Œ)37$)'140$%Bá37- OK
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK
™
 R¡N¢¤£ê¯ž§ ¶.¸<¹(» ] š ] A¼›ºa»O½e¾ À »O¸n،½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹ÅØi¸e»Ñjlk8]nm oÒÁL¹(É4¸nØ~ʺ8¸Ë
™
V:Y X Q QG[zT%‚^QG[zT… š Q\[zT<‚2`GQ\[zTs… †QG[zT<‚2` GQG[zT<T$c7["UW‰ ™
Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ‚¦¸e»f x @ jŸk8]nm oÃ]Ú +H»8Á À »O½n¸nØ Q\[zTi¸nØgfŒh Ä š QG[zT†æ  ` Q\[zTi¸nØgfŒhŒ½ À » Ï ¸eΛ5¾ 1Ź Ï ¹ QG[zTÚ
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£OµMN+*( ™
|iQ\[zTªU˜V Y # V Y #%$ QG[ƒãeT$c7[ƒãnc7[ h
™ —QG[zTRU}!V Y # š Q\[ h T$c7[ h =
| f ã p8)37A| ` U p8֝fŒh›p8)37I ` U š K À 'à7# *D$=$36,_37#ˆ,8*D#% 'ˆ 29:37”
V:Y X Q’|iQ\[zTæê—QG[zT… Q\[zT<T%‚$` ’QG[zT$c7[UЉ
,8*(#<*w<3N=$3Œ‚6—f x @ jŸkƒ] mnoqK "3(#„143{n*Du<3>|žæ5ê… '„0$6,z371CB4$3(9?BC™ 3‹=$ à(# *(=$3>*~1C3>9¦*(- ] F(K \„379:3
| æê֝fihnp$n*(9Œ!2Be- 1C3isp$‘ š æ `  BC${)'379?3i=2#<BJ&D*(=8*Ì* K
   
       !
  

& K ˆK('ŒK
"†*D# *~9¦*(- R&D*(#<B4*(!$14'R1@*~%BC<08*()B+37- :„9:237„)'1@*(#<*2pu)37?1@*(R$#%# *(9:B4'€n*(ªâu0$R$'9?3(„=$' *(#%#<371C1@*(=$3
R8*(n*:*
R$37#<*2K

 R¡N¢¤£ ³ §6© I£2£$¬7´yµ ¶.¸<¹ åºN» ÏaÀ -i¾\»8¾ À6Ï ¸   ã Ä Í ¹(Î%¹A¸eɆ½eº2¹(ɐ¸eÉÁ ¸ À Î ¸.-:¹ Ï ¸wÉJ¹ Ï ¾51(¸eÎa¸e»O½e¾’¹¸nØ
1ˆ(¿¹ É ¾ ÏaÀ Ú ™



/ ̶.¸<¹ QG[^] S2T{ºa»_¹¼›ºa»O½e¾8À ¿ »F½ À »8Áq¾\»8º2¹¸e» gĪÁL¹(Ésʺƒ¸Ë

™
 

V€V ™ QG[^] S2T<‚^QG[^]<S$T$c7[ cuS~UW‰N]

Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ™ ‚¦¸e»f x @ Q gT'ÚE+H»8Á À »O½n¸nØ QG[^] S2TÙ}‰8Ú



̶.¸<¹(» QG[^] S2T~½ À »8Áq¾\»8º2¹ÅÄ š QG[^] S2TnÄ Q\[^] S2Tf h ¸e» gĪÁL¹(É4¸nØ>ʺƒ¸Ë
 
™


V€V Q ‚~… š ‚ # … O‚ r T$c7[ c€SiU˜‰N]

Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ ‚¦¸e»f x @ Q gT'EÚ +H»8Á À »O½n¸nØ ™



™ U š # …  r =
~¶ƒ¾ ] š ] ¨Ø¹(Áq¾4ØG¼'¹a½n¸e»ÉJ¹ÅØ -i¾4.Ø -:¹ÅØ Í Î ÀnÍ ¾L¸ Ï ¹ Ï ¸nØ Êº8¸w¸e» ̸ N½n¸ Í Á À ʺ8¸ š B ¤Ø À »"Ø À ÉJ
¹ -6¸e»8Áø
½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹ÅØnÄÒ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ Í ¹(Î%¹6Á ÀÏaÀ ` ™ {Ë
 
  
  

V€V c7[ c€SiU}V š cuS~æ ‹c7[ =





Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ
FyT  *($=23?1C37ˆ9?BC<9:37ˆ*(#%à70$9:€ 3(âu0${'I'1149?* Np8=$ <*(#<'9?3(ˆ% *:,$*(#%<w)'379:3: %#%)B4)'B43$K


7TÒ %#%)BC)B432”0$ *(#Š'1. 3(#<9?*i=${1@*Œ=$BJ&7'#<à7'$)B4*̑¨Q FyTeK

€T:R6<02d8)'B4'u<Ñ,$#<3(!8*(#6'1 #%<021Cn*D=$3ž)0$*($=$3 ` '"0$ #%)'8*(- $à702143 jŸk8]nm o j y]nc7oLpґ7*žâa02Ñ0$
=$379:B42B43Œà7'$#<*(1,$0$'=$w<#Š)'0$!$B4'#%<3:,_37#Š#<')'8*(- $à70$1C37ˆ=${<*ÌEG3(#<9?*2K


MN*( ™
|iQ\[^] S2TU V Y # V r Q $] 2T$
c c

 

"QG[^] S2TU}V r š QG[^] 2T$c


 

f?QG[^]<S$TU˜V Y # †Q $]<S$T$
c  =

“s379?'9?3(‚sQ\[^] S2TU zQG[zT iQ’S2TH)'37 ?If x @ jŸk8]nm oL] If x @ j y]nc7oLK
   

“s$'9?37
V Y X V Q’| # r ꅮ r €` ®… f # ` T$c7[ c€SiU˜‰


   ! "
 ۑ
U V Q V Y X æ| # ~æê ` … f # NT$c7[zT ` QGS$T$c€S>U˜‰2]
   

0$<*($=$3"'1R2)SR$3—âu0$ iQ 'TÒU i’Q cNTHU ‰:>BCu<à7#<*($=$3?,z3(#g,8*D#% '‹5SzKE"s37# '11C9?* ?<$'9?3(



âu0$
Y X Q%Qqf # æ | # T Œæ® ` T$c7[Ñ'‹)3($% *(€ (K À<à7#<*($=$3",_37#g,8*(#%< ‘Ae&(*D1408*(2=$3"1@*:)372%n*Du<
 

ASÌU Å]SiUWc8”
 

V Y X Q%Q’|œæ  æêf~TyŽ  æ>Q’|œæê æ f>TᎠ T €`GQ\[zT$c7[U˜‰N]

,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3 6If x @ jlk8]nm oqK "s37#Š1.<37#%9?r * F(” r





Q’| æê æêf~TyŽ  æ>Q’|œæ  æêf~TyŽ  Š0$8*Ì)372%n*Du<~'A[^K

&D*(1408*D$=$3Ìnr *ÌevN,$#<'<B+37- I'A[U˜r k?‘"[—UWmá”



|ŒQqmá]ncaT†æ —Q’má]ncaT†æêf6Q’my] cNT…®f6Q’má] TRU æ —Q’k8]nca.T =

†vN,$#<' *($=236)+*D=8*:02$3?=2w'<37ˆN- #<9:B4237ˆ)379:3ÌB4€ 'à7# *D1LpN<$'9?3('1.#<'<0$1Jn*(=23$K
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK
™

Zᣮ¥ ”RMNB Ù}‰2pa€ 372) š c€S æ ‹c7[„028*~EG37#%96*wev2*()' *2”›v2BC%<‹0$",_3( '$)B4*( 1 6QG[^]<S$Tn*(1
âu0$ š U æ  r ] AU  # K

Zᣠ) ”  *(2=$35=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*({¤1ª<€<B4=$3A=$6=2B4%<#<BC!$0$)BC37$'w%?,20$=$?eva '$=$'#>1@*$3a)B+37-  =$
=$BJ&7#%à72)B@*"=2AQ š ] OTeK Š'EG#%B49:37Õ*"1C37g<eva 37{9¦*(- Õ*+&D*( *(=$37Õ,8*D# *" 0$=2B@*(#‹'% *(Õ)372<B4=2# P* ^


)BC37$'K
 
       !
  

   


  

        




 F'1,$#<BC9?'#Õ)+*(,./-  0$1C3"&aB49:37Õ)379:3A14372D„'#<$3(0$141CB,$1@*Du<+*(#%37ё #<'<371J&NBC#%37 1437{,$#%B49:#<3(Õ,$#<3 ^

!$1C9?*(&D*(#<B4*()BC378*(1CK†MNBC?'9Œ!8*(#%à73ÕEG0$#%3760$1C#gQ F ‰ ^?F
€T^‘ s*Dà7# *(2à7wQ F  ^SF F €Tâu0$BC$'
*(,_37#% *(#<3(‡14376,$#<BC9?'#<37?14'9?'€ 376N- )'$B4)'37"=$'12\—*(- 14)'0$143F=$ ª*(#<B4*()BC37$'pˆ,$#%B4$)'B4,8*(1C9?'€ A
)0$*(€ 3"*Ì)3($=$B4)'B4372Š$)'<*(#<B4*( %~#%'d8'#<(KÒRI >)*(,/-  0$1C3Ì&(#%9:37g).37- 9:3?0$<*(#Š1@*(Š$3a)BC37$'
=$Ì=$'#<BC&D*(=$*(ՑÑ1437{1C9?*(‹EG0$$=8*D9?'u *(14'Õ,8*(#<*A'$)37€<# *(#w1@*(Õ)'37$=$BC)BC37$Õâu0$:=$'!z: *D<B4E’*()'#
0$Aeva #%9:3?=2w02AEG0$2)B43(8*(1LpN&D*(#<BC37Ò)3(u<eva 3(K

 
      4    "!    ! 
I'% *:,$#%B49:#<*Œ<)')B+37- I'%<0$=$B@*D#<9:37Š1.EG02$)BC378*(1
PQ’S2TUWV:Y;X Z QG[^] SOQG[zT›] Su`\Q\[zT<T%c7[^]
=$372=$ Z QG[^] S_] T›p Zsr p Zst <3(6)3(u<B4u08*(H;jlk8]nm o   ã K  âu0/- 14*w)'1@*(%g=2EG0$2)B43($ªH1_<0$!_)37^
%0$€ 36=$ŒfŒh'jŸkƒ] mnoqpO)'375237#<9?*¨ŽêŽ pzâu0$Œ<*D BC%E’*()'I1@*()372=$B4)'B437$'gSOQqkaTÒU}|~]‹S.Q’meT„U 6pz)'379:3
A1)*(<3:=${1@*Œ!2# *(âu0$BC% 3a)#%378*2K h


MN0$,_37$à7*(9?3(ˆâa02~SDxyQG[zTÒŠ0$Aeva<#<9:3:143a)+*(1qp2€<37$)'g,_3a=$9:37ˆ%)#%B4!$BC#SOQG[zTUÐS(xyQ\[zT…¦‚^QG[zT›p
)3(;‚^QqkaTRUW‚^Q’m'TRUW‰Np2‘— 0$=2B@*(#Š1.EG02$)BC378*(1
zQL‚ƒTRU VÌY X Z Q\[^] S(xyQ\[zT^…¦‚^QG[zT›] S x` Q\[zT…¦‚ ` Q\[zT<T$c7[
<3(!$#<wfŒhjlk8]nm o `5fÒxájlk8]nm oqp8)37A$37#%96*;Ž¨Ž h K
'Õ*(=$3Ñâu0$‰;'i0$êeva #%9:3 143a)+*(1ª=$—zQL‚ƒTep14*;=$#%BC&D*(=8*I=$ 8#a- S) R2':=$"¤®‰;=$!_*(u0$14*(#<%
Qq %'9?,$1C3 nK 2K i‘—“s3(#<9?* nK $K FyTep$'g=2)BC#p
•6zQq‰€T%‚6U V Y X Q Z^r QG[^] SDx+] Sux` T<‚>… Zt Q\[^] S(x+]<Sax` T%‚$` T$c7[U˜‰N]

  
 
C     .         4

,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?‚IIfihejlk8]nm o `IfÒxÅjŸk8]nm oLK

™
"3(#1a 3(#<9?*  nK F7p(<3796*D$=$3 QG[z ™ TRU Q\[^] S(xáQG[zTe]<S x` Q\[zT<Tep š Q\[zTRU Q\[^] S(xáQG[zTe]<S x` Q\[zT<Tep7<$'9?3(
âu0$ š Q\[zT„fŒh„‘—%0I=2#<BJ&D*(=8*i Q\[zTep$Z^37r !N 2B42=$36*D+/- ” Zt
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ ¥8µ’¥F§:;© T €Üs£ Z_ ­ ^¡ TÕÜ Y’¡u¬+²n R£$«ƒ¬y£8­^«_¡$´yµ
¶ƒ¾S(x̸nØwºN»F¸ 7Á’Î .¸ - À É À ½<¹(É Ï ¸{PQ’S2TŒ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØnÄ Zt Q\[^] S(xáQG[zTe]<S x` Q\[zT<Ti¸nØgf h BiØá¸i½eº - Í É4¸Ë
C


c Q QG[^]<S(x+] S x` T<TRU QG[^] SDx+] S x` T.=

c7[ Zt Zsr
"'$ *D$=$3¨®1Ò %9:,$143Ñ=$—14*;!$# *Dâa02B4%<3N)'#<37$*2pR=$37$=$14*IEG0$$)'Bá37- 
#<'1@* <*D#ˆ1@*(Ò)'37$=$BC)BC37$Š=$'1. '37#<'96* F7K F7K Z 23¨':fih›pª$37ià(0$% *(#+/- *
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ ¥8µ ) §·¶.¸<¹>SDx>ºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À Ï ¸eÉ(¼›ºa»O½e¾ À »_¹(ÉOPQ’S2TnÄÒ¸nØ Ï ¸n½e¾\Î'Ë
C

/
ZB>^‚ r Q\¸e[^»] S(f xsx @ … jŸk8%]n‚.m ] o’SĊx` ½ … À »F%‚ Ž‚†` T›Ž ]h ZUt Q\F[^= ] S(xs… %‚.] S x` … %‚ ` T‹Ø À »¨½ À »8Á’¾\»8º$¹Å،¸e»ÑQqk8]nmeT Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏaÀ  Í ¸<ʺ8¸ »  À
  ~!• euQ PQ’S2T<TᎠr  U
Y X Q Zsr ‚>… Zt ‚ ` T$c7[—U˜‰ Í ¹(Î%¹6Á ÀÏaÀ ‚¦¸e»f x @ jŸkƒ] mnoGÄ
¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØË
QZt \[^] S(x] S x` T>¸nØgf h ¸e»¨Qqk8]nmeAT B
c Q QG[^]<S(x+] S x` T<TRU QG[^] SDx+] S x` .T =
c7[ Zt Zsr
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ DÒ*(% *"$3( *(#‹âu0$i1@*?,$#<0$'!8*"=$'1† '37#<'96*F(K Fi'‹&Ò*D- 14B4=$*?Ñ'%<:)*(<32pO‘€*"âu0$i$3 R$*á‘
,$#%37!$14'96*DˆA1437ˆ1L/- 9:BC 'H=2wBC€ à(# *()'Bá37- .K
& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

TVU¡aX¢ WY[Z¦¥8µ’¥F§w ª£¨Ýs¬Å
£ .Ü   Z 7¬ Z_­^£.µ
¤'%<?)*(<3 Z Q\[^] S_] S ` TÕU Q<Q FŠ…œS ` T ODS2Tnh ã wfŒh‹›v2)',2<35âu0$ R8*+‘ âu0$Ì#< #%B4$à7BC#<%?*—S ‰2K
\„379:3?%~&aBá3:- I1^ %'9?,2143 nK 2K F(p_)'0$9:,$14{)3(51@*D)'37$=$BC)BC37$=$'1s“s3(#<9?* F(K NK "37#143Ìn*Du<3
 '$9:37Šâu0$(”
c  S ` ã … Q F„…êS `  ã T h ã U˜a‰ =
c7[ Q’SOQ Fª…®S `  T<T h  DS

 20 $âu0$‹ *D!z'9?37ªâu0$ Z^r <B42=2#<BJ&D*(=8*2pa$3>'H)'1@*(#%3~âu0$g,z3a=$'9?37ª=$'#<BC&D*(#RS ` QG143Õ&7'#<'9?37H9‡*D- 
*(=$'1@*(€<áTeK "s#%36<B9>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D9?37R14*Ì')08*D)Bá3(- A=2~0$1C#Š,_37# Zsr pN 29:37”

   A E 4 A  
 
 E   

c Q T … S ` ã U˜‰a=
7c [ ^Z r Z^r DS
"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3
ã æFPODSÌU ŠU æcF O$Q’SOQ FR…êS `  T<T›p$Š=$')B4#'”
Z r
S.Q Fª…®Su`  TRUœ)37$n*(€<(p
#<'1@*()'Bá37- —âu0$AR8*(!./- *Œ2)37€ #<*(=$30D„#%$370$1C14BLK
\„379:3i<BC9:,$#<‹)*(=8*ŒN'- #<9:B4$3>1.'u0$$)B4*(=$3Ì=$'1. 3(#<9?*> BC$ <0# *
.37- =$Õ<'#K"3(#ˆ%9:,$1C3
0$$3¤,$0$'=$A<$'#60$ eva #%9:3¤,_#%3F%B4®âa02I%+*F%37140$)'Bá37- ê=$A1@*Ñ')08*()'Bá37-  =$IR0214# ^ ^*(à7#<*($à7
Q’e&aB4=$'u<9:€ wA%~)*(<3:$3Ì<w)029?,$1C1@*Dˆ)37$=2B4)BC37$'ˆ=$1.<37#%9?*€TeK
ã
TVU¡a¢XWY[Zå¥8µ ) §¤MN*®PRQGS$T?U
x h Q’SæÐ[zT h c7[‡)3(¦SOQq‰€T?U ‰Np„SOQ FyT?U F7KœPRQGS$T>'6fŒhi$37- 143 %B
SOQG[zT ¦[^K  âu0./- 14*Œ)'08*()B+37- A=$wR0214#Š%w#%=$02)~*2”
U ã
FPO$Q $Q’Swæž[zT h TRUЉ
âu0$w$3i B4'$Õ<3(140$)'Bá37- .K Z^r
MNBC:'9Œ!8*(#%à73{S.Q\[zTUœ[6ª)1@*D# *(9:€ „0$?9I/- 2B49:3$K ^3{âu0$Š,8*(<*w'Râa02wPQG[҅ %‚ƒTRU
x h Q %‚ƒT h ã c7[
ƒ* - =$'d$$B4=$3 $37- 143Ñ%B‚ÐU ‰NpR‘7*¨âu0$ >=$!_)+*(9Œ!2B@*(#Œ=2A%B4à723$K  '<)+*D<3¨1@*;=$'#<BC&D*(=$*;=$
b0*Dd  *(0Nvzp.•ixPQG[zTˆU ‰Npz'%ƒ*" - =2'd8$BC=8*6$37- 143?,8*(# *"‚5U ‰?‘A1†1C9?*:=2! '‹0 D„3(B4 ^ Š'‘a9?3($=;$3"%
,$0$'=$~*(,$14BC)+*(#'K
Ûw¬ Z WVZ    Z_ ­ ¥ƒµ’¥‡§ ã ¶ƒ¾ Z QG[^] S_] T6¸nØwf ã ¸e» jŸk8]nm o   ã B?SDxA¸nØ:ºa» Í ºa»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Á’¾L½ ÀIÏ ¸iPRQGS$T Ä
¸e»8Á À »O½n¸n؊S(xyQ\[zTi¸nØgf ¸e»;Á ÀÏaÀ ØwÉ À Ø Í ºa»8Á À ؊[ ÏaÀ » Ï ¸ Zstt QG[^] SDxyQG[zT›] S x` Q\[zT<TÕUWß a‰ =


Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ
 Q Zst QG[Œ… Œ[^] SDxÅQG[Œ… Œ[zTe] Sux` QG[Œ… Œ[zT<Tæ Zst QG[^] SDxyQG[zT›] Sux` QG[zT<T%T O Œ[
  

U Z # t Q [^] Sƒ] T… Zsr%t Q [^] Sƒ] T'Q’S(xáQG[Œ… Œ[zTæ S(xyQ\[zT<T O i[z…
   

s
Z 
t t Q [s] S8] T'Q’Sux` QG[Œ… Œ[zTæ Sax` Q\[zT<T;O Œ[
 

=$372=$?Q [s] S8] T„'g0$A,$0$€<3?BCu<#%9?'=$B43i'u<#<?QG[^]<S(xyQ\[zTe] S x` QG[zT%Tґ QG[̅ Œ[^] S(xyQ\[̅ i[zT›]

S x` QG[̅ Œ[zT<TeK 



\„08*(2=$3 Œ[Ñ BC$=2>*:‰2pƒ1^1@*D=$3?B âu0$BC#<=23:<B42~0$I1È/ - 9?BJ (pN,z3(#%#gS(x0$5,$02u<3")#/ - <B4)a

3 K8,z37#Š1C3
n*Du<3”


c Q QG[^]<S(xyQ\[zTe] Sux` QG[zT%TªU … Sux` QG[zT… 1CB49 x S x` QG[i… Œ[zTæžS x` Q\[zT =

c7[ Zt Œ[


Z # t Zsr%t 
Zst t #

 ‰  
 
C     .         4

" 3(#1C3Œn*(€<3?%B Zt t U˜ß ‰2p$0$$3:,$0$'=${=$%,z <*(#S x` QG[zT„‘"&(#âu0${)37€ BCu0$3$K

K ˆK('ŒK
TVU¡a¢XWY[Z ¥ƒµC° §Ö '1:)*(<3Ð=$ê1@* !$#<*(âu0$B4 3a)#%378*2pŒ14* )B4)'1437BC=$ž$3œ,$02=$®)372)' *(#<%¦)'37
&

S˜U )372%n*Du<€pˆ‘€*žâu0$ Zstt U S  h ã Q Fw… S `  T ã 

ã ,8*(#<* Z U Q Fw…}S `  Tnh ã S  h 㠔¨1@*¤%371402)Bá3(- 
*(1.,2#<37!$1C9?*i=$19I/- $BC9?32pa%BevNB4 Dp8=$!_~%#f ,8*D# *iS  ‰2K
a
x

B4à$K (F K F
y


¡a¢ ¥8µ §IMNB Zt t U ‰Np1„,20$€ 3Ñ)#/- <B4)3I,$0$'=$—$3;%#Ìf ã K "37#>%9:,$1C35<BH 29:37Œ1

,$#%37!$14'96*N”
TVU XWY[Z

PRQGS$TU V  h h S ã Q y["æžSu`–T ã c7[

)3(ISOQAæ FyTU˜‰Np8S.Q FyTU F7p2€ 372)wPRQGS$T
Љ2K“s379?*($=$3
S(x„UÖä [‰N]ã ] ,$,$*(*(## *—*̉Aæ F‡‡[ [  œF ‰
€<37$)'wPQ’SDxeTUW‰2KS(xŠ' fŒhÒ,_#%3Ì$36f 㠍[U˜‰NK  âu0/- Zt t U DS ã UÐß ‰:$37- 143i%BSÑUWß ‰2K

Zᣮ¥8µ’¥F§ŠMNB
Z gf
‘ Zstt U˜ß ‰2p814*Œ)'08*()B+37- A=$wR0214#ˆ%{<)'#<BC!zD”

Z t t Sa` D… Zsr%t Su`Ņ Z # t U Z^r
‘—,_3N=29:37ˆ=$%,z <*(#ŠS ` p
Su` 2
U OQG[^] S_] Su`bT
=$372=$ w0$8* EG02$™ )B+37- ÌfihnKRM2*(!_9:37'u<37$)'Râu0$ˆ ˆ,$#%37!$14'96*g)37i14*(†)'37$=$BC)B43($  
 
SOQqkaTUÐ|~paS ` Q’kaTU  BC$Š0$8*Õ%37140$)'Bá37-  0$- $BC)+*‹,8*D# *‹[6&()BC$3Œ*{k8KRMNBCÌ9Œ!8*D#<à73w*(âu0/- %<# *D *‹=$

   A E 4 A  
 
 E    F

#<'<371J&7'#ˆ *i')08*()'Bá37- ™—)'371@*(„)37$=2B4)BC37$'Ò=$
  

>S.Q’kNTUÐ|>p2SOQqmeTRU˜?K "3a=$#+/- *(9?3(„,_$<*(#
&D*(#<B4*(#Ò'1w*(- $à70$1C3 A1@*>d8à702# * F7K ap R8*(n* %,_à€*(#%14 ?*Ì֍[UÐmyK
y

α
A

B4à$K (F K 
a b


%< „=$] R2S) R$3i0$69êe-  3a=$3~âu0$g<‹02 *~'"1ƒ #<*Dn*D9?BC€ 3w=$)0$*()BC37$„=$BCEG'#<2)B@*D14'pu,z'#<3>'

)14*(#<3>âa02Õ$3i$)'<*(#<B4*(9?'€ 4R8*+‘"028*Œ<371C0$)B+37- "3iâu0$Õ%+*‡0$- $BC)+*2”'1O1C)'<37#Ò,$02=$Õ›v2,_#%B49:€n*D#
)3(A<B4#<3(Š*(1.!$14*($)3Ì=${,$BC=$#<*(K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z ¥8µ ‡§ RI1s,$#<3(!$14'96*Ì=$>14*:%0$,_#%d$)B4~=$>#%'&(37140$)'Bá37- žQ’ %9:,$143 nK F(K Tˆ1EG0$2)B43(8*(1s*
)3($<BC=$#<*(#Š# *—”
|iQGS$TU 
~V:Y X S.Q Fª…®Su`  T h ã c7[
)3(ISOQqkaTUÐ|~p8S.Q’meTUW6K
5'% ~)+*(%3 Zstt U 
S O2Q Fª… S `  T
ã ,_37#Š143in*(€<361^9I/- $BC9?32p2<B^›v2BC%<(p_gf ã )'08*($=236S¨U}ß ‰:‘
 *Å B4E’*(){14*Œ)0$*()B+37- .”
SaS ` æœQ FH…®S `  TªUЉ
Q’=2 <*(9:37"*D1g1C)'<37# R8*()'#"143(?).*(- 14)'0$14376*F,8*(# BC#?=$I1@*¨)0$*()B+37- ‡=$Ñ0$1C# TeK Q3( '9?3(6âu0$;14*
)'08*()'Bá37- A=$w0$14'#ˆ<w<)'#<BC!zD”
jSaSa`4Q FH…êSa`  T  h ã oJ`aæœQ FH…®Su`  T h ã UÐa‰ =
   
 
C     .         4

I0$1J BC,$14BC)+*($=23Œ,z3(# Zt $p  '$9:37'”

Q Zt T ` Zt æ SNSu`aUW‰wU c7c [ F Z ã æ F S ã



t
=

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”

S ã O2Q Fª…®Su`  TªUœ)372%n*Du<N=

'‹#%BC&D*($=23I'%n*I#<14*()B+37- ¨37!2 '$9:37~=$6u0$e&73Ñ1@*)'08*()'Bá37- ž=2"0$14'#K R
 #%9:37w9‡*(- ~*(=$'1@*(€<
)3(- 9?3Ì#<'<371J&7'#'% *:BCu<à7#<*(1.,$#%B49:#<*2K

    !  "
 
    
?'% *~<'))'Bá37- Ì&7'#<9:37ªâu0$g14*‹)'08*()B+37- :=$ 0$1C#<B42028*wBC€ à(# *(1$,2#<B49:#<*Õ<B $3{=$',z'$=$
evN,$1L/- )'BCn*D9?'u<Œ=$i[^K '‹!R$)SR23$p%B$3A$37{,$#%3a)0$,8*D9?37Õ=2:14*"=$BCEG'#<'$)B4*(!$B41CB4=8*D=.Z pO14*")0$*()B+37- 
=$w0$14'#Š,$0$=2w'<)'#<B4!2B4#<%(”
c Q QGSz]<S ` T<TRU Q’S_] S ` _T =
c7[ Zt Zsr
"'#<3 Q Z Q’S_] S ` T%TªU Zsr S ` … Z t S ` K "37#Š143i *(€ 3$p$9>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D$=$3>14*i)0$*()B+37- =$wR0214#Š,_37#ˆS ` ”

#
S ` Q Zst T ` …êS ` Zt U Z ` U Q’S ` Zst T ` =


Š=$)'B4#p Z æžS ` Zt U˜)3($% *(€  =

ã
"†*D# *Œâu0${ {*(#%à70$9:€ 3ŒEG0$2)B43($‹$')%BC *(9?3(Òâu0$Õ<Õ%0$,z3($à€*iâu0$ÕS?'Šf KN 3Ì$3iˆ2)_^
 *D#<B43Ì%BS60$Aeva #%9:3Ì143a)+*(1.=21.EG0$$)'B437$*(1LK
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤X£ ).µ’¥F§:© O¡u«_Ü­ s£¤¡ €Üs£ Z_ ­ ^¡ TÕÜ Y’¡u¬7´yµ
C
¶ƒ¾S(x̸nØwºN»F¸ 7Á’Î .¸ - À É À ½<¹(É Ï ¸eÉ7¼›ºa»O½e¾ À »_¹(É



PRQGS$TU V Y X Z Q\[^] S_] Sa`bT$c7[

½ À »"SOQqkaTU˜|{ÄsS.Q’m'TUÐ:Ä Z ¸n؝fihi¸e»Ñjlk8]nm o   ã Ĉ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ
Z Q\[^] S(x+QG[zTe]<Sax` Q\[zT<TæžSux` QG[zT Zst QG[^] SDxyQG[zT Sax` Q\[zT<T
 
a !
  E      

n¸ ØgfŒh Ĉ½ À » Ï ¸eΛ¾51Ź Ï ¹ Z # QG[^] SDxyQG[zT›] S x` Q\[zT<T'Ú

+H» Í ¹(ΛÁq¾L½eºaÉJ¹(΋Øe¾ » :
À Ï ¸ Í e
¸ » Ï Œ
¸ ¸ Í n
É  ¿ e
½ \
¾ È
Á
-6¸e»8Áø Ï ¸Š[.Ĉ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ
¹ Ð
U a
‰ Ä
Z 
Z #
B

Z æ Sax` Zst Uå½ À »2ØeÁȹ(»8Áø.=

Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ ‹<# *Œ&7 ~%B$3:$37Š,$#<'3N)'0$,8*(9:37ˆ=${14*Ì=2BCEG#%$)'B@*(!2B414BC=8*(=?=${S(x+p$<$=$#%9:37”


c Q TU … Sa`Ņ Su` =

c7[ Z Z # Zsr Zt
g<*($=$3:1@*Œ')08*D)Bá3(- I=$w0$1C#” Z^r UQ Zt T ` p837!2<$'9?37
Z UQ Z æžS ` Zst T ` =
MN* ~n*(,_âu0$ $3:âu0$w!8* %3Ì1@*Œ #<*($EG37#<9?*()B+37- .”

#

[—U… 

SiU 

1@™ *I)0$#&(*ÑSžUS(xyQ\[zT~,$0$'=$<'#Œ,8*(#<*(9?e #%B +*D=8*5,_37# ;‘¤=8*(#Œ14*5)02#%&D* êU DxÅQ uT{,8*(#<* Ñ€ #%

UWkwæ D|}‘ š UWm„æ (?K
 

 %B49:B4%9?3w)08*D14âu0$B4'#H)'0$#%&D*ŒSÌUœS.Q\[zTR&()BC8*>=$ S(xyQ\[zTH=8*(#$*~- 0$8*Œ)'0$#%&D* iU .QuT‹B4€&(#<<*(9:€ Dp

)3(
 

OQ uTUœS.Q … OQ €T<T ] a`\Q €TUÐSu`GQ Š… .Q uT%TQ Fª… a`\Q uT%Te]
    

Š=$')BC#p8S ` Q\[zTªU ` O$Q Fª… ` T›K

 

 R237# *2p2!8* %3:1)+*D9Œ!$B43i=2{&D*(#%B@*(!214Ò[—U g… OQ €Tepa 29:37 

PQ’S2TÞU V:Y X Z QG[^] SOQG[zT›] Sa`@QG[zT%T$c7[

U V Z Q Š… .Q uT›] .Q uT›] a`CQuT;O$Q Fª… u`GQuT%T<TQ Fª… u`GQ €T<T$c

     

U V Z Q 2] _] a`bT$
c ~U PQ 2.T =





  



\„1@*D# *(9:€  <B†PQ’S2Tª BC$Õ0$›vN<#<'9?3i1C3N)*(1O'ASDxˆ,8*(#<*Ì14*>)14*(<Õ=2ÕS6AfŒh'jŸkƒ] mno.)37SO™ QqkaTU˜|>p

SOQq™meTÕU6ps€<37$)' PªQ $Tg<$=2#8*I- 02Feva<#<9:3A143a)+*(1' Dx>,8*(#<*A14*—)1@*D<Ì=$ ÑžfŒh'j ] š oR)'37
OQ TUœ|>p OQ š TUW6K "s37#Š143Œ *(€ 3 Z p$<B42Õ)379:3Ì=$#%BC&D*(=8*AQ’)'37A#<%,z')'<36* uTÒ* Z K "'#<3


 
   

   
 
C     .         4

y η

y(x)= η(ξ)
0 0

x,ξ

α a b
β
B4à$K aK F


Z U j Z # Q g… (xyQuTe] (xyQuTe] x` QuT;O$Q Fª… x` Q €T<T%T… Zsr oÈQ FH… x` Q €T<T
c Q T U c Q O$Q Fª… x` T… TU c Q T'Q FH… x` Q €T<T.=



  

c Z c
 sZ r Z c€[ Z


 


"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”

 QG[^]<S(x+] S x` T U c7c [ Q Q FŠæ x` Q FH… x` T  h T… T

…
Zsr Z # c Z^r  
Z
U c7[ Q Z^r æ DSu` Zsr … Z .T =
\„379:3  C
B 
 $
 {
 $
= '
 <
# C
B D
& (
* $
= Ì
* C
B 7
à 8
0 (
* O
1 * 8
p 7
3 2
!  '
 $
 
 :
9 7
3 ˆ
 '
 
1 <
# 
 %
 $
0 C
1  (
* $
= $
3 K
Zsr Zsr
& K$ŠK 'ŒK
I'1)+*(%3?,$*(#%<B4)021@*(#Ò=2 Z B4$=$',z'$=$BC€ {=$Õ[;02 *(#%9:37Š1<BCà70$BC€ Õ#%<021Cn*D=$3$K
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤X£ ã).µ )®§ ¶ƒ¾ Z » À?Ï ¸ Í ¸e» Ï ¸Œ¸ Í Én ¿ ½e¾\ÁL¹
-6¸e»8Áø Ï ¸Š[ B—¸n؝f h Ą¸e»8Á À »O½n¸n،¸eɆ½ À »
ºa»8Á À?Ï ¸‹Ø À
É º8½e¾ »O¸n؝f B?» ½ »2ØeÁȹ(»8ÁønØ ¸{ÉJ¹¸n½eº2¹a½e¾8¿ » ¸+„ºaÉ4¸eΠĈ½ ¾\»O½e¾ ¸>½ »¤¸eÉs½ »
ºN»8Á ¸‹Ø É º8½e¾ »O¸nØ
C 

f ã B?À » À ½ À »2ØeÁL¹(»8À ÁønØ À Ï ¸wÉJ¹¸n½eº2Ϲa½e¾8À ¿ » Z QGSz]<S À ` T†æ Ï S ` Zst Q’S_] S ` TRÀ U Ï Í ¹(Î%¹—À ¹(É (ºN»_À ¹—½ À »2ØeÀ?Áȹ(Ï »8Áø À (Ú À
Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ g8*Œ=$Õ14*(ÒBC9?,$1CB4)*()BC37$R‘€*ŒEG0$ ,$#<37!$*(=8*2K À&7'#<<*(9?'€ w=$#%BC&D*($=$3 Z æ¨S ` Zsr U g‘
0$<*($=$3:1@*i#<'1@*()'Bá37- ¨Q Z T ` U Zsr S ` … Zst S ` %{1414'à€*i*2”

 
a !
  E      7ë
S ` Q<Q Zst T ` æ Z^r T U˜‰a=
Qg3D 9:37Õâu0$:S;UÖc5$3'~%37140$)'Bá37- Ñ=2:14*—)0$*()B+37-  =$60$1C#'p^*(19?'$37{âu0$ Qqc8]n‰€TgU ¤‰ QG‘7*
s
Z r
âu0${Q Zsr Q’cƒ] ‰€T<T ` UW‰€TepD9?BC€ #<*(†âu0$„SÌU˜cÕ%B4'9?,$#%„%37140$)'Bá37- ~=$ Z æ>S ` Zsr U R)37 ŠU Z Q’ƒc ] ‰€TeK
& K$ŠK 'ŒK

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z*).µ’¥F§w ª£¨Ýs¬Å
£ .Ü   Z 7¬ Z_­^£.µ
QZ ’S_] Sa`bTRUQ FH…®Su`  T h ã S  h ã =
H*i *(!_9:37Šâu0${1437ˆ,20$€ 37)#/-  BC)37„<37If ã <BS;UWß ‰2K
U >
æ Q ã ã
F„…®Su`  T h S 
O 
QZsr qc8ã ]n‰7TIUß ‰N”?14*(ã>)'37$% *(€ ':23;<Zs37r ê%37140$)'B4372>=2—1@*I')08*D)Bá3(-  =$0$14'#K Z æœS ` Z^r U —U
S  h Q FH…®S `  T  h p$,_37#ˆ143i *(€ 3$”
S.Q Fª…®S `  TRU FPO ã Uœ)37$n*(€<N =
 =29¦*(- p8=${14*Œ)0$*()B+37- I=2~0$1C#'”
DSaSa` y…WQ FH…êSa`  TUW‰

&7'9?3(:âu0$S ` ! ‰2pRS ` ':9:37Š3D-  378*I=$)'#<)'B4'u<(”A,z3a=$'9?37Œ<379?*(#i*;S ` )379:3Ñ,8*(#$*(- 9?e #%3 K„%B
S ` U˜S ` QG[zTÒ'u<37$)'Š[UÐ[QGS ` TeK“s3796*D$=$3ÌS ` UÐ)3( *(
O

SÌU FPO2Q ã Q Fª…êSa`  T<TRU QG< ã Q
O 7T<;T O ã U Q FŠæž)37
(T O
 ã
c€[ U c€S F U Q’% ã Q

O
7T%T O ã U Q Fˆæ )'37
7;T O
 ã =
c
c
S `

 / - [Q
(TªUQ
æ %
7;T O
 ã %0$%<BCd8)*($=$3Ì143(ˆ#<%0$1C *(=$37ˆ=21,$#%B49:#Ò)*(,/ - <0$1432KŠQ’“s3N=$*á&z/ - *Ì23:%2

 R8*
,$#%37!8*(=$3Ìâu0$w1@*Œ)'B4)1C37B4=2‹Š0$A9I/- $B49:3$KbT
TVU¡a¢XWY[Z*).µ ) §  Ü W¡u¬ G¡ ^¡;¬y
¡ 7Z Y’Ü Z_ ­ªµ
|ŒQ’S2TU  V x Y S.Q Fª…®Su`  T h ã c7[ =

 
 
C     .         4

x
a

B4à$K aK 


H*Œ&aB49:37ˆâu0$~)'08*(1Câa02B4#ˆ,20$€ 3:)#/-  BC)3igf ã % BSÑU˜ß ‰2K \„379:3 Zsr UQ FH…®S ` T h ã p$1@*Dˆ)37$n*(€<
$3Ì<3(I%37140$)'B4372K
æZ Su` Zst U ŠÐU S.Q Fª…®Su`  T  h ã =
"3(# 143Ìn*Du<36';0$;›vN<#<'9?3?SA' =$~0$;%37143:<BCà7$3$”Ò,_37%BC BJ&73:<Bs| '‹,_37<BJ BC&(3$K '‹~1@*Ì)0$*()B+37- 
=$w0$14'#
SNS ` æÐQ FH…®S `  TUW‰N]
&7'9?3(ˆâa02wS?Šf ã p2)'08*($=$3:S;U˜ß ‰2p2‘"S `  ‰NVK "37#ˆ1C3Œn*(€<3iS ` 'ˆ)#<')BC€ Ց",20$=${%#Ò 3(96*(=$*
)3(9?3Ì,8*(#$*(- 9:' #%3$VK '‹ed8$B4'$=$3?*
Œ,z37#'”
Su`NU˜% R
N]
€<37$)'gSiU (Q FH…®S `  T h ã U ‹)'37 R

c€[ U c€S ODSu`NU
c
c

™
[Q
7TªU
Š… U DQ
‹æ š T
SOQG[zTU ‹)37; RsQG7[ O … š .T =
^*i<371C0$)B+37- .p$%BevNB4 (p8'g028*i)+*D<8*(#%B@*2K

'‹!_9:37 3a=8*+&z/ - *?<*D BC%E’*()'#‹14*(g)'37$=$BC)BC37$g=$>EG#%37€ #<*"S.Q’‰€TÒU |>pOSOQqkaTˆU 64

K '‹>14*?,$#%B49:#<*
)3($=$B4)'Bá37- %w3(!2 BC$!FPO ŠUQ’)'37 R š T Oe|>p$,8*D# *i1@*i<'à70$$=$* R8*+‘—âu0$w2)37€ #<*(# š #%+*(1. *(1.âu0$(”
 
a !
  E     

Q’ê)'37 R š T Oe|ÐUÐ)3( RsQ<Q’kH)'37 R š T O'| … š T.=

¡u¬ .µ’¥F§
TVU   Z )

7F K "#<3(!8*(# âu0$><Bk
}|¦…‡6pz23GR8*+‘5%371402)Bá3(- I‘A=8*(#g1@*?BC€ #%,$#<en*()'Bá37- IE/- <BC)+*2K~Q "R#%37!8*(#gâu0$
)'37 Rˆ[
åŽ [Ž KbT
N K '‹' *(#%#<371C1@*(#H1@*ŒevN,$#%%Bá37- 5*(€ #%B437#ґ"<)'#<BC!$B4#%1@*>'51@*>EG3(#<9?*2”
 O'|ÐU˜)'37 RQqk77[ O'|ÕT QG<' R k77[ O'|‹TQ\[ ã æ Fy;T OÅ[ ã T h ã Ù 
QG[zT
!

)'37—[UÐ)'37 R š p %à„0$- '1.<BCà7$3i=$ š K%<ã 0$=$B4*(ã $=$3Ì)3(ã A)'0$B4=$*(=$3i1O)379:,z3(#%n*D9?BC€ 3~=$


QG[zT„,$#%37!8*(#„âa02Õ<Bk  | ^3(àAQq!O'|F… Qq O'| æ FyT h Tep8
œ|>p R8*+‘",_37#Ò1C3Œ9?'$37ˆ=$3(
%37140$)'B4372K
2KgMNBH UÔ|>p R8*D)#>1„'%<0$=$B435)379:,$14e 3A‘F,$#%37!8*(#~âu0$G  R8*+‘ N0] Fœ3;- ‰5<371C0$)BC37$'><'àÒ0$-  1
&D*(1C37#Ò=$wk8K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z*).µC° § ­ WP¬ ZƒÝ Y’¡a¢F£ Z W¡a¬ ’¢ ¡  ᬠ  Z^µ
MNB_ 29:37Ò0$8*Œ)'0$#%=8*i=$‹1C37$à7BJ 0$= Šp$*(96*D#<# *D=8*~'—1.37#%B4à7'. p {)'0Š*(- 1O'ˆ1‹*(- #<*>9‡*y- v2BC96*w€ #%
1@*Œ)'0$#%=8*:‘"1 %Õ[
;1eva<#<9:3Ì14BC!$#<‹%~=2<1CB *Ì%37!$#%w'1 %DK
y

B4à$K aK 
a


 âu0./- '1w*(- #<*:'

|˜U V x Y S.Q\[zT$c€[^]
=$372=$wk6$3Ì<w)3723N)'(p8)3(I14*Œ)37$=2B4)B+37-  U
x Y Q FH…êS `  Tnh ã c7[^K
“s3796*D$=$36)'379:3?,8*D#8*(- 9:'<#<3:1@*Ì1437$à(BC 02=I=$>*(#<)'3$pƒ1@*Ì)0$#&D*6<~#<,2#<%€n*")'379:3ÑQG[QqçyTe] SOQLçyT<TÒ)'37
[ QLçyT ã … Sz QLçyT ã U F(K ã MNB ã %0$,_37$9:37"âu0$Ñ14*F)02#%&D*F,$0$'=$Ñ<'#—,8*(#<*(9?e #%B +*D=8*¤,_37#?[Ð'u<37$)'
[ QLçyT
œ‰2p [ UQ FŠæ S T h pƒc€[—U [z caç

 
 
C     .         4

|WU
V x SOQLçyT [ QLçyT$caçgU Vx SOQLçyTQ FÒæ S ã T h ã caç

)3(ISOQq‰€T†U˜S.Q ªTU˜ã‰2K
1^B4€ 'à7# *(2=$36'‹f <BŠŽ S Ž x ! F7p Zsr Qqc8]n‰€TªU F7ã pƒ,z37#ã 143Ìn*Du<3614*(Š)37$n*(€<‹$3?ã <37I<371C0$)B+37- A=$
1@*i')08*()'Bá37- A=$w0$14'#K \„379:3 Zt t U æSOQ FŠæ S T 
p81C37ˆ,$0$€ 3(g)'#+/- <B4)'37ˆ<37If )'08*($=$3?SÑUWß ‰2K
^*i)0$*()B+37- I=2~0$1C#ˆ%~#%=$0$)'>*

S SÕ …WQ FŠæ S ã TUW‰

,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3 S  !‡‰Ì<BS  ‰2K
^*iB4€ 'à7# *(1O,$#<BC9?'# *
Z æ S Zt U ‹=8*N”
S.Q Fˆæ S ã T  h ã U
3Ì<*
SÌU DQ FŠæ S ã T h ã =
"3(#i1435 *(€ 3ÑS¤<B4'$"0$ê<3(143Ñ<BCà7$3$p S¤ i9:37Š3(- <37$3$”:,_3N=$'9?3(Œ0$ *D#Ì* S¤ )'379?3Ñ,$*(#8*(- 9:'<#<3;‘
%)#%B4!$BC# SÌ UÐ)'37
Np$)'37
i'žjŸ‰2] .oqK "3(#1C3Œn*(€<3?SŒU ‹<'
aK
caç U c€S O Si U
c
c

™
ç U
Š… ]
{U}Pç O … š =
SOQLçyTU O%^Qqç O … š .T =
^*i)37$=2B4)B+37- S.Q’‰€TUW‰iBC9?,$1CB4)* š UЉ2p8S.Q ªTU˜‰i‘—S.Qqçy T
œ‰:BC9?,214B4)* ŠU  O
p
SOQLçyTU ?<'sQ sPç O ª;T O V=
Qg3D 9:37sâu0$Ò*(âu0.- Ž Sz Q’‰€TyŽDUåŽ Sz Q ªTyŽ(U F ”s1@*Š)37$=2B4)B+37- Ž S Ž ! F„23 <H)0$9:,$1CH'Œ1437^›vN<#<'9?37'KRMNBC
9>!8*(#<à(3$p(*D1u<379?*(/ #‚>if x @ jl‰N] oLpD1@*Š=$#%BC&D*(=8*Š=$ b0*Dd <+*(0Nvw'Œ1@*Š=$BC#<)')B+37- Œ‚>'%8* - ,z'#%EG')'n*D9?'u<
=$ed8$B4=$*2K
ã ã
†BC8*(149:€<‹=$ [ QLçyTRUQ Fæ S T h U˜%sQ sPç O ªTH‘—1@*Œ)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- [Q’‰€TRU˜‰2p$<$'9?3(

[QLçyTRUQ  O
sTQ Fæ )'37áQ sPç O ªT<_T =
Š=$)'B4#p814*Œ<371C0$)B+37- Š0$A<'9?BC)7/- #%)0$1C3$KŠQG“3a=8*+&z/- *Œ$3 R$9:37Š,$#%37!8*(=$3Ìâu0${0$A9‡*y- v2BC9?32K T
Qg3D 9:37"âu0$ 'Ð'1‹,$#%37!$14'96*žBC<37,_#%B49ê'- <#<B4)'3F=$'1‹ %'9?,2143 nK F7K ë pg,_3N=2#+- *D9?37?*(#%à70$9:€n*(#6=$
1@*9?*($#<*A%B4à702B4€<(”Œ%Bª14*A)'0$#%&D*5âu0$?=8*I'1?*(- #<*I9¦*Å- vNB49?*'>,8*D# *(9:'<#<B / *(=8*—,_37#"Q\[QLçyTe]<S.QqçÅT%Tep
%)37à(9:37Š0$I%à79:€<3:<# *($&7'#< *D1^ *(1âu0${A1@*i,8*(# Õ%0$,z'#<BC37#ˆ[ ` QLçyT ‡‰NK
  
 4    .  

L1

A1
B x
A

L2

A2

B4à$K aK 


„1@*D# *(9:€ Š| h H9‡*Å- vNBC9?3Õ,8*D# *w<3N=$*(H14*(R)0$#&D*(„âu0$ B4'$?14372à7BC<0$=  h ‘Ìâa02 ,8*(<*(",_37#R|˜‘

6”ª<B^$3ÌEG0$#<*:'1)+*(%36%~#%9:,$14*
+*i1@*i,_37#<)'Bá37- =$w143($à7BC<0$= ,_37#ˆ3( #<*:)'0$#%&D*Ì=8*($=2360$W*(- #<*
\

9?*á‘(37#ˆâu0$w| h K *+‘—âu0$w 0$=2B@*(#ˆ'1,$#<37!2149?*Œ=${2)37€ #<*(#1h 9¦*Å- vNB49:3Œ=$

|iQGS$TUWV x $ SOQLçyT'Q FˆæžSu`  T h ã caç
)3(ISOQq‰€T†UW‰2p$SOQ  h TRU˜‰Np
[ ã … S ã U F)'37 [Qq‰€TRUЉ2]<[Q  h TUWk =
NM Bs$3?EG02<~,z3(#g'%n*˜02- 1C BC96*~)37$=2B4)B+37- I[Q  h TÒU kƒpƒ '$=$#/- *(9:37Š1s,$#<3(!$14'96*:*(€ '#<B43(#)'02‘€*"#% ^
,$0$'% *2pO'1s%9:B ^È)7- #%)0$1C3$p$$3?,$0$'=$Œ<'# 14*:%37140$)'Bá37- I*(1^,$#%37!$14'96*Np$‘€*6âu0$~<0$!$BC$=23?‘A!8* <*(2=$3614*
 #<*($&7#% *(1ƒ|  </ $=$#/- *(9:37%B49:,$#%)'379:3w#%%,$0$n*w0$?%9:B ^È)7/- #%)0$1C3$K"37#ª143‹ *(€ 3w$32R8*+‘Ìâu0$
371J&NBC=8*(#Ò)'37$=$BC)BC37$ˆ'I'19?3(9?'u<3Ì=${,$1@*(€<+*(#ˆ0$A,$#%37!$14'96* K$*(âu0/- 14*Ì)'37$=$BC)B+37- "[Q  h TRU˜k6'
)#%0$)B4*(1L”†A%<~)*(<3 R8*+‘—âu0$w0$ *D#9>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D=$37#<'H=2 ^*(à(# *($à(Õ<37!$#%w[QqçyTH‘—S.QqçyTeK

       
     
MNB€'1uEG02$)BC378*(17=2,_$=$H=$R&(*D#<B@*D.EG0$$)BC37$'sS h ]%=%==] S 3 )37~S  'ŒfŒh'jlk8]nm oqp(S  QqkaTU˜|  pÅS  QqmeTRUW  p
PQ’S h %] =%=%='] S 3 TRU V Y X Z QG[^]<S h ]%==%=] S 3 ] Sa`h ]=%=%=e] Sa3` T$c7[
)3( Z '5fŒhÕQˆjlk8]nm o   ã 3 Tep$'1,$#<37!2149?*Œ$3:Š9Œ0$S) R23?9¦*(- ˆ)3(9?,$1CB4)*(=$3$K
 02$âu0$‘7*‹&NBC9?3(*(14à(0$$37 %9:,$143(p€!8*(n*(#$*Õ - #<)'37#<=$*(#1$,2#<37!$1C9?*‹=$Š$)'37€ #<*(#1@*(à(3a=„- %B4)+*D
<3(!$#<{0$8*Ì<02,z'#%d8)'B4{=8*(=8*ÌA1@*>EG3(#<9?* U  QG[^] S2TeK ^*i14372à7BC<0$=—=${0$8*i)02#%&D*:'g'€ 37$)''”

 ‰  
 
C     .         4

RP QG[^]<S$TU˜V:Y X QG[8`  …êSa`  … `  T h ã c
U}V:Y X QG[8`  …®Su`  …WQ  # [8`7…  r Sa` T ã T h ã c


%'9?,2143iâu0$w%<0$=$B4*(#<'9?37ˆ9¦*(- Š*(=21@*Du<{A96*+‘73(#ˆà7$'# *(1CB4=8*D=.K

Ñ i)+*D<3—1@*D =$'#<BC&D*(=$*( =$! bG*Dd <+*(0avêQG3"=$ 8#a'- S) R$'nTg=$'1†EG0$$)'B4378*D1'%ƒ*D- Ñ=8*(=8*( ,z37#ŒQG&(#Õ1
%'9?,2143 nK 2K uTe”
• 6 e $   e  : PRQGS h ] =%=%=]<S 3 TRU V Y X  3 Q Zsr ‚  … Zt ‚ ` T$c7[
  h



 

=$372=$g‚  ,_# '$)'g*{fŒh'jŸkƒ] mnSo `wfÒxÅjŸk8]nm oLpª3w- *{f x @ jlk8]nm oƒ%B R8*+‘i,$#%37!$14'96*D=$ˆ)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=Ì:kw‘ŒmáK
MNBHQ’S h %] =%=='] S 3 TÒ'g0$I,$0$€ 3?)#/-  BC)3Ì=$ÌPF'€ 37$)'g,z3a=$9:37ˆ 3(96*(#ˆ&D*(#%B@*()'B437$'wQL‚ h %] ==%=]›‚ 3 TÒ=$
1@*>EG3(#<9?*Qq‰2]%==%=]n‰N]›‚ ]n‰2]=%=%=e]n‰€TeKRA%w)*(<3:1@*i=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*i=$cbG*Dd <+*(0av—<w#<'=$0$)'>*2”


• 6 x   x  e  x   x : PRQ’S h ]%=%==] S 3 TU V:Y X Q Zsr ‚  … Zt ‚ ` T$c7[—UW‰

,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?‚  '5fAx @ jlk8]nm oqK"37#Š1.<37#%9?*nK F7p$3(!2 '$9:37”






 

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤£F°.µ’¥F§
/ !+H»;ºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À6Ï ¸ÕPQ’S %] =%=%='] S T Ä

h 3 Zt ¸n؝fŒ2h BÌع(Áq¾4ØG¼'¹a½n¸{ÉJ¹—¸n½eº$¹a½e¾8À ¿ » Ï ¸4+HºaÉ4¸eÎ'Ë
c Q Q\[^] S QG[zTe]=%=%=]<S QG[zT›] Sa` Q\[zTe]%==%=+] Su` Q\[zT<T%TªU QG[^]=%=%=]<Sa` QG[zT%Te]


c7[ Zt h 3 h 3 s
Z r 3
Í !¹(Î%+H¹~»;èU ºa»FF7¸%] 7=Áq=%Î =.¸ ?] - >Ú É ½<¹(ÉbĐØe¾ » ¸ ¸e» ¸ ¸Ò[.ĝ¸e»8Á »O½n¸nØË
 

   À À Z À?Ï Í Ï Ï À
QZ ’S h Q\[zTe%] =%==] Su3` Q\[zT<T†æ  3 Sa` Zt QGS h Q\[zTe%] ==%=] Su3` Q\[zT<TRU y]

 h


Í ¹(Î%¹"¹(É (ºa»_¹A½ À »2ØeÁȹ(»8Áø DÚ

Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oã µŒMÒ3(- 1403 R$*á‘Aâu0$Œ,2#<37!8*D#iQ (Te]K Qg3(<9:37gâu0$>837- 1C03 R8*+‘  ?')08*()'Bá37- 5B4€ 'à7# *(1‘A$3G>KÕMNB
S  ' f p8'u<37$)'”


c Q TU  3 QGSa` …êSa` TU  3 Q’Su` T `

c7[ Z h  Zsr  Zst h  Zst
  

*(1.02 *(#Š1@*Dˆ)0$*()BC37$=$w0$14'#K '‹ <*(9?3(Š*(1.14')'<37#ˆ1@*Œ,$#%0$!$*:#%B4à70$#%37 *i'I'1<B4à(0$B4'u<i”

TVU¡u¬   Zœ°.µ’¥œ§ I3N=2BCd8)*(#~14*I,$#%0$!$*5=$1ª“s37#%9?* NK F",8*(#<*I,$#%37!8*(#~âa02(pFà7$'# *(1qp†' 0$
eva<#<9:3:143a)+*(1q”
Q Z æ  3 Sa`h Zst T `2U Z # =

h
  
 4    .   F

g<*(#A1@*ž #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37-  [U ?…
3h  ]IS  U  Q’)02B4=8*(=23$” ` *D,8*(#<')¤W1C37—N'- #<9:B4$37

S 8` ] < U˜ß èÃT›K
   

TVU¡u¬   Zê°.µ )‡§ I3a=$BCd$)+*(#g1@*Ì,$#<0$'!8*"=$~1@*?,2#<37,_37<BC)B+37- XF7K F7p_,8*(#<*?=$'9?37 #<*(# âu0$Œ%B 
 ‹
 f ãp
€<37$)' 0$I,$0$€ 3?)#/-  BC)3IQ’S h %] =%=='] S 3 TÒ' f ã 'I 3a=$37Š1C37ˆ,$0$€ 3( =$372=$~14*i96*D<#<B:Q ZZ t t T  8 '
B4€&(#%<B4!$1C(K 

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zž°.µ’¥F§{Û~¬ ’­ [W  Z ^¡Ñ¢  ­ ’¢F£;£  Z_ ­Rµ

 02$âu0$> #<*Dn*D#<9:37g9Œ0$S) R$3"9¦*(- eva '$ *D9?'u<(p';1<B4à(0$B4'u<~)*(,/ -  0$1C3$pƒ1437g,$#<BC$)BC,$B437ˆ&D*(#%B@* ^
)BC378*(1CÒ=2Õ1@* I')*(- $BC)+*2p2,z3a=$9:37„‘7*Ì*(=$14*(€n*(#Ò*(14à702$37Ò=${1C37„EG0$$=$*(9?'€ 37'p$A,8*(# B4)'0$1@*D#„1
,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC3Œ=$w95/- $B49?*>*()')B+37- .K
MNB‹<$'9?37—02˜ %B4%<9?* ) 37 > %à7#<*(=$37—=$ 1CB4!_#% *(= $pŠ'A=2)BC#=$%)#<BJ 3ê,_37# > )3a37#<=28*(=$*( 
^*(à7#<*($à7B4*(8*('p Q %T›%] =%=%='] 3 Q %T:Q’,_37#w %'9?,$1C3,8*(# *A0$F%B4 9?*=$  ,8*(#á/- )'0$1@*Dp >‡U  ‘ 
h
#<',$#<'<'u *(;14*(Ò,_37<BC)B43($ˆ=${14*(ˆ,8*(#á/- )'0$1@*DnTep21@*i*()')Bá3(- A=21<BC%<9?*Ì'%8*:- =8*D=8*:,_37#'”
zQ  h %] =%==]  3 TRU} V  $ Q ›]  h %] =%=%=']  3 ]  `h ] =%=%=e]  3` T$
c 
=$372=$ ¦Š1@* ^*(à7#<*($à7B4*(8*>=21^<BC% '96*Np$  1@*Œ)'08*(1<{'<)#%B4!_{Aà7$'# *(1)'379:3$”
 U
¦ æ 
=$372=$
Œ14*5,8*(# "=$        
    ap
' à72# *D1„$3Ñ=$',z'$=$ —=$ ›K   i14*5,8*(# ?=$
2#<à$/- *      LKMaB1.%B4%<9?*i        
up  23:=2,_$=${=$ `h %] =%=%='] 3` Kª1       
            5=$')#%'n*?âa02>1^%B4%<9?*:E/- <B4)'3$p8)3($3N)'B4=$3:51437Š BC9:,z37  x‘  h Q’,_37#  Q x›TŠ‘
Q  T%T'&(371402)B43(8*6€<#<i 37g B4'9?,_37g=$>n*D19:3N=236âu0$i1@*?*())'Bá37- 5<+*"9I/- 2B49?*IQGÑà7'$#<*(1†%
 h
€<B42=$69¦*(- {!$B4'F)'379?3A0$¤,$0$€ 3;)'#+/-  B4)'3uTeK0"37#w143n*Du<3514*({)0$*()BC37$~=$?R0214# ^ ^*(à7#<*($à7
=$'!z'5 *Å B4E’*()'#<%(”
c Q 
T†æ  U˜‰N]}èU F7%] ==%=?] >=

c


 %<3Ñ=8*51402à€*(#~*50$ <BC%<9?*5=$0>¦)0$*()BC37$>$3714BC$+*D14w=$'1„<'à70$$=23Ñ37#<=$'.K R'#<9:37Œ)'379:3

0$<*(#Š)B4'#% *(Ò #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()BC37$ˆ,$*(# *i=8*(#Š'5*(1Cà70$$3(ˆ)+*(%37Š0$8*Ì<371C0$)B+37- —,8*(#%)B@*D1LK
"3(# %9:,$143i%B >IU F7! p
ÐU "  `  O
N#p W$U ŒQ  Tep81@*i')08*()'Bá37- =$w0$1C#Š'”
%Q "  `JTÃ`D&
…  UW‰
Š=$')BC#14*Œ)'08*()B+37- A=$A Qg( 'ˆ<37.)” "  ` U æ  K
MNB R8*+*‘  ,8*D#%+/- )0$14*(Ò)'37

ÐU  + "  Q [ ã … S  ã …  ã T O
a]
h 
   
 
C     .        4

˜U ŒQG[ h ] S h ] h ]=%=%=]%[ 3 ] S 3 ] 3 T›]

  

€<37$)'”
[  U æ  # ] "  S   U æ  r ] "    U æ  t =
"    



Qg3D 9:37ˆâu0$w<B
˜‘  $3Ì=$,_2=$;=21. BC9:,z3Œ‘"1<BC%<9?*Ì'Š)37$%#&(*Å BC&(3$p8 '$=$#<'9?3(028*
B4€<à7#<*(1.,$#%B49:# *N”
¨æ  `  U ˆU
ྠϾ   `
=

  

MNB^*(=29¦*(-  }
']R$3(9?37à- $'3:=2wà(# *(=$3 ŒA143(  ` ”
œ
U  k  8 Q  h ]%=%=%=']  3 T  `  8`
€<37$)'p_,z3(#ˆ1@*>ED37- #%9Œ0$1@*Œ=2~0$1C#'”
  `
U 
E=
 

^*iB4€ 'à7# *(1O,$#<BC9?'# *Œ<w%)#%B4!_w'€ 37$)''”



ê… WU æ y ]

&
Š=$')BC#p81@*Œ'$#%à8/- *     O<     aK
TVU¡aX
¢ WY[Zž°.µ ) §{Û~¬PZ Ws£$«ƒ£  Z_ ­ ^¡ Y’Ü
¡a­ Üs­ ¢F¡  [ZF­ZZ_¢XZƒ«¡a ­^¡CZsµ
z

B4à$K NK F
x


  
 4    .   

MNB80$:# *+‘(3~=$Š1C0ˆ *(1CŠ=$18,$02u<3~| ‘i1C14'à€*Õ*(1$,$02u<3>?pa'18#<')37#%#<B4=23w=218# *+‘(3>=$Š140ˆn*(18âu0$1

,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC3Œ=$ 8#%96*D„Š *Å B4EGS) R$32p$ˆ=$')BC#ˆ1O<B49:,_3Œ=$Õ#<')37#%#<BC=$3iŠ9I/- $BC9?3$K)+*(=8*Œ,20$€ 3
QG[^]<Sz] Tª=$'1O9:=$BC3$pu1@*~1C0 g<B4'$ 0$$*~&7'143a)B4=$*(="=$g,$#<37,$*(à€*()'Bá37-  OQ\[^] S_] TeKMN0$,_37$=$#%9:37Òâu0$‹14*
 #<*+‘7)e 37#%B@*AQG[Q %Te] SOQ %T›] Q %T<TÒ,$0$'=$~,$*(# *(9:'<#<B +*(#%<‹,_37#ˆ[^p8Š=$')B4#Ò[ ` Q %T ‡‰2Kªn*(1.)*(<32”
  


OQ\[^] S_] TU ca
c ç UQ [ ã … S ã … ã T h ã U Q F„…êSa`  QG[zT… `  Q\[zT<T h ã c7
c [  ]

   

,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3Ì1. BC9:,z3i=2w#%)'37#<#%B4=$3Ì'”

ŒQGS.Q\[zTe] QG[zT<TRU V # $ Q F„…êSa` ^… `  T h ã  h QG[^]<Sz] T$c€[
   

)3(žQGS.Q\[zTe] Q\[zT<T„=8*D=8*(Š[ƒxg‘"[ h K # 


" MNB ;UWß ‰Np(1uEG0$$)'B437$*(1€ B4'$„028* =$'#<BC&D*(=$*g=$ ƒ#a- S) R$e‘w1a#<')37#%#<B4=23 =$ª B4'9?,_395/- $B49:3Š *D<B4%E’*D)(”
c S ` Q FH…®S `  … `  T  h ã … Q Fª…®S `  … ã `  T h ã U˜‰
c€[
  

r 


c ` Q FH…®S `  … `  T  h … Q Fª…®S `  … ã `  Tnh ã U˜‰a=

ã
c7[


t

 


 

% *(„')08*()'B4372„%37"=$'96*D<B@*D=$3~)'379:,$14BC)+*(=8*D,8*(# *w,z3a=$'#H#%<3(1C&7'#<%‹?à7$'# *(1qVK Qg3D 9:37ªâu0$

<B ?$3:=$,_$=2~=$Õ[^p814*ŒB4€ 'à7# *(1O,$#<BC9?'# *Œ<w#<'=$0$)'>*2”


zQ Fª…êSa`  … `  T h ã U Å]
 

9:B4€<# *({âu0$6%B Ñ=2,_$=$?837- 1C35=$Ì[^p†'>=$')BC#~%BH'1ª9:=2B43A%8*I- '% #<*D BJd8)+*D=$35'F[^p†'u<37$)'

Ur t UW‰Np2 '$=$#<'9?3(”

 

S ` Q FH…êS `  … `  T  h ã  h U h
`’Q F„…êSa`  … `  T  h ã  h U eã
 

  

S ` ‘ `  B4'$0$A<3(143Ì<BCà7$3$K


"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3?S ` O `  U h O eã+p2=$)'B4#p

eã SOQG[zTU QG[zT^… P=
h 

1ˆ# *+‘73 =$1C0 "ƒ* - ®1Ò,21@*($3Ñâu0$0$2A1C37Œ,$02u<37Ì|ԑ  ‘ âu0$Ì,8*(#<*(14'143Ñ*D1Ò%"[^K®MNB

 %)37à(9:37ˆ1437H%'Š *(14'Òâu0$Õ|}'%N{- '—1.37#%B4à7'6‘ QG[ h TUW‰2pN€ 372)ER8*+‘60$,$0$€ 3Ì€<#<‹[ƒx
‘"[ h n*(1âu0$ ` QG[zTRUW‰2p$,_37#ˆ1C3Ì *(€ 3 ›ãÒUW‰Np QG[zTªÙ}‰2K
 


^*i)0$*()B+37- I'IS6<{%)#<BC!zD”
   
 
C     .        4

uS `GQ\[zTRU h OQ\[zTQ Fæ ãh ã T  h ã

 

QG‘7*—âa02:S ` <B42Œ1%B4à723—=$ T›p.1@*")'08*(1'ÕB4€ 'à7# *D!$14Œ%B AÕ)3($3N)'B4=$32K "s37#Õ%'9?,$1C3$p.%B I'

)3($% *(€ (pƒS ` Š)3($% *(€ {‘—1@*Œh ,$#%37,8*(à7*()B+37- ŠA1È/- $+*Œ#%)' *2K
 

TVU¡a¢XWY[Zž°.µC° §
—¡CZ  ¡    7£  ZƒÝs¬y¡;Üs­s£ + Ü W¡u¬  ’¡  Q ^] NTeµ

\„379:3Œ<Õ&aBá3> - 1. %9:,$143 nK F7K $pN<B.14*><0$,_#d8)BCÕƒ*i- ,8*(#<*(9?e #%B +*D=8*~,_37#{Q s] 2T›p2=8*D$=$3i,$0$€<37


 Q s] 2T„'  
p81@*Œà7'3N=H'- <BC)+*Ì<{%)#<BC!z{)'379? 3  Q Q %Te] OQ %T<TÙ  Q %TeK






MN0A14372à7BC<0$=—Š€<37$)'”
Q ^] NT U V  $   ` Q %T  c
U V  $ Ž   ` …
  `  c

   

U V  $ Q   ` s…  Z  ` ` … ` <T h ã c


 
 

=$372=$ U     ] Z UQ  u] +T›]  U     ã K

ã 

MN0$,_37$=2#<9:37Aâu0$Q ^] NT'5f ã pÕâu0$   $3®A,8*(#<*(14'143®* Q’A=$')B4#Aâu0$F14* $37#<9?*(1

žQ ^] NTHU   ?U ß ‰Np_14*i<0$,_#d8)BC>#<'à70$14*(#nT„‘âu0$>14*:)'0$#%&D*:#<à(0$1@*(#'”‹Q  ` ] ` T{UÖ ß Qq‰2] ‰€TeK


A *(1.)*(<3$p ` UWß ‰Œ‘—'1B4€ 'à7# *D$=$3̝fŒheK "37#Š143Œ *(€ 3:1@*(ˆ')08*D)B43($Š=$w0$14'#Š<37.”
 

c   ` … Z ` æ   `  …  Z   ` ` …  `  UW‰ Q FáT

c   ` 
  
   `



c Z  `
…  ` æ   `  …  Z   ` `
…  `  UЉ Q (T
c
   ` 
  
   `



 &aB4=$'u<9:€ {'%n*D')08*D)B43($ˆ%37=$BCE/- )B41Cª=$Õ#<'<371J&7'#p$%B4—9>!8*(#<à(3Œ&7#%9:37Š*(1Cà70$$37„)+*(%37

,8*(# BC)0$14*(#<'ґ—0$8*iB4€<#<,2#<' *()B+37- à73(9êe-  #<BC)+*2K
 £ Z˜¥8§   Y ’­ ^P¬ Zsµ~MNB  Q ^] TŠUQ’kH)3( s]nk?< s] Tg€<37$)'  U k ã ] U‰N] åU F7pz1@*(
)'08*()'B437$'Š<wB4€ 'à7# *(O”  
Z
k ã  ` U ] ` U ›ã
 ` h  `


 ` ‘ ` <B4'$A0$$3Ì<3(143Ì<BCà7$3$p8*D=$9¦*(-  ` O! ` U yp8Š=$')B4# 

  U "i… c8K 

1)+*(2=$B4=8*Å 3I*à(3a=„- %B4)+*w0$8* RH'- 14B4)'(K?MNB Q’‰€T{#U Qq‰€TÕU։2p^€<37$)'Œc5U‰2p^<BC¤'9Œ!8*(#%à73$p

)3(9?$3 ,$0$'=$Õ)+*(9>!$B@*(#%<g,z37%# {… '& pa1@*D„,_37<BC!$14' g23Œ<37}0$- 2B4)+*D” R8*+‘?âu0$Õ%)37à7'#Ò1@c* R„- 1CB4)


âu0$w1414'à70$Õ*D1.,$0$€ 3Ìd88*D1A9?'$37Š=${9?'=$B43i,$*(<3:,8*(#<*i<$'#Š1@*ià73a=H'- <B4)*2K

  
 4    .   ۑ
z

B4à$K NK 
x

 £  Z ).§
—¡CZ  ¡    7£¤¡a­ sÜ ­s£¨¡  È¡u¬y£.µE'‹<*(#%9:37ˆ w)+*(%36*D1.14')' 3(#ˆ)379:3Ì%#%)BC)B43—”

TVU¡u¬  Z¨°.µC°®§ˆ%)#<BC!$B4#„1@*(ˆ')08*()'B4372wQ FáTH‘ Q (T„)3a37#<=28*(=$*(ˆEá- #<BC)+*(ˆ‘6)3a37#<=28*(=$*(

)+*D#% '<B4*(8*(ˆ‘—#%<3(1C&7'#<14*(K
'­ á¡u¬PW¬y¡ ᣠZ_ ­‡«_¡CZ_¢ ¡  ᬠ 7£ §‹MNBÒQ FyTґžQ 7TÒ B4'$I<371C0$)B+37- .pƒ<*—ç>1@*:14372à7BC<0$==$Œ*(#%)3?=$>14*
à7'3N=H'- <BC)+*2”RcaçPO(
c U   ` 


" U˜c 7O(caç U ƒ` O  Ð` 

 i U˜c O(caçU €` O  œ` 

 

c  ` U c Q _ T  œ`  U    Ð`  =
c    `  caç




^*i)0$*()B+37- žQ FyT„<{'<)#%B4!_(”

c Q  Œ … a T>Ž  `  U Q   ã …WQ … DT  Õ …  ã … i … N T~Ž ` 

caç Z U  Ð`  Q    ã …  ZZ   ‹
… Z  ã T O
 = Z
   

 

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”

 Œ … Õ  …   ã O
Š
…   Õ …˜Q Òæ  O
7T ã UWa‰ =
"'#<3

Z 
Z 

 ÕU Q  u]  DT {U 2Q  €] 7T

  
 
C     .         4

ŠU$Q  D]  DT

Z Òæ  O
wUQ   (]DT.=

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3;Q FyT„<{#<'=$0$)'>*2”

…   Õ …
   ã … '   Õ …  ã ] DTRUЉ2]
Q   Π   

Š=$')BC#
Q   ] DTRUW‰a=
‹19?BC<9:3"9:3N=$3ÑQ 7Tg%i%)#<BC!zD”iQ  ] TgU ‰NK "s37#Õ1436 *(€ 3—14*( ‹=$37Õ')08*D)B43($Õ=$Ì0$1C#‹%
B4€<#<,2#<' *(—)3(9?3~1 R2)SR$3iâu0$Õ14*~$37#%96*D1z,$#%B4$)'B4,8*D1z*~1@*~)'0$#%&D*2p p2'Ò37#%<37à737$*(1O*
 {‘6*$Dp
'

,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3ÌŠ)371CB4$*(1*i1@*Œ 237#<9?*(1*i1@*i%0$,z'#%d8)'B4DK
 1~ )+*(%3‡=$ž14*  EG#<*2p  ';# *(=2B@*(1qK '‹'#<BC&D*(2=$3¦14* #<'1@*( )'Bá37-  Q ˜] }T U ã pw37!2<$'9?3(
Q Ð]  TÌU a‰ K Q ˜]  TÌU æ>Q ]  TÌUÞAæ F,z3(#Œ143; *(€ 3    U FPO
ap1@*;)'0$#%&D*D<0$# *;':)'37$ ^
n*Du<(K \„379:3    UW‰2pa=$'#<BC&D*(2=$3~<$'9?37‹Q  ]  ]   TRU˜‰2paÒ=2)BC#H14*w<37#<%Bá37- ?=$ 14*~)02#%&D*
~‰2K ^*A)'0$#%&D*I'%8*I- ¤0$¨,$1@*(23$p^)37¤# *(=$BC3=$Ì)0$#&(*Å 0$#<*IB4à(08*(1*(1#<*(=$BC3A=2?14*'%EG'# *2”~w0$
)(/- #<)'0$143i,$#%B4$)'B4,8*D1LK

Zᣨ°.µ’¥8§ & 0$B .*(- Ò1O14)e 37#H<4  R8*+‘7*Ì›va # * $*(=$3iâu0$Õ$!3 R8*+‘7*(9?3(ˆ0$ *(=23i1. %9:,$143Œ*(€ #%B437#
1@*iBCu<à7#<*(1.,$#%B49:#<*2pN‘7*:âu0$ Z $3:=$,_2=$~›vN,$1È/- )BC *(9:€ Õ=$ ›K gA)*D- 14)02143i#8*D- ,$B4=$3Ì1C3:)'37€&7' ^


)'#8*Ì- âu0$ Z æ  ` Z  æ ` Z  Ù}‰2K




IeEG)e 3:1@*ŒEG0$$)'Bá37-  Z ' R2379?3(à†- $*i=${à7# *(=23 F{'  ` ‘ ` p$,_37#ˆ1C3Ì *(€ 3Ì1@*i#%1@*D)Bá3(- *(€ #%B437#
Ñ0$- $BC)+*(9:€<Õ1@*ŒB4=2€ BC=8*(==$w0$14'#K '‹4 R$S) R236<02,z372à€*(9:37ˆâu0$(”


Z QGS h ] =%=%=]<S 3 ] Su`h %] =%=%='] Sa3` T

 R$379:37à- 2+*5=$—à(# *(=$X3 F Q’,_37<BJ BJ&(*D9?'u<áTÕ S `h %] =%=%='] S 3` p'u<37$)'i1@*IB4=$'u<B4=8*D=ž=$—0$1C#>'
%0$n*(9:€ D” S ` Zt U Z =


~'%<H)*(<3$3<3714*(9?'€ 1@*ÒBC€ à(# *(17,2#<B49:#<*ˆ<R)0$9:,$1CB4$=$',z'$=$BC€ '9?'u<H=2ª14*()'08*()'B437$'

=$w0$14'#p8%B4$3Ì1@*Dˆ)0$*()BC37$Š=$w0$1C#Š$3Ì<37AB42=$,_$=2B4€<”ª1414*(9:9:37H'IeEG)e 3
   2Q’èÈTRU Q T `uæ
€<37$)'g%B^S  f 㠔

Zst Z^r


 QGSa` Q
Zst T `uæ Su` Zsr TRU Q Sa` Zt TÃ`uæ Q’Su` Zsr …®Su` Zst T
 
     
  
 4 
 
  

U Z `uæ Z `2U˜‰2]
=$372=${<w0$83:- 1@*ŒBC=$€ BC=8*(==$w0$14'#ґ—<w=$'#<BC&„3 - Z Q’S h ]%=%=%=e] S 3` TeK
"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3

 Su` R0214#+Q’èÈTªUЉ2]

*(0$—%B.$3Ì<Õ)'0$9:,$14'—1@*(H)0$*()BC37$Š=$‹R0214#'K R#%9:37ˆ9‡*D- ˆ*(=$'1@*(€  3( #<*(Ò)3($<')0$'$)B4*(Š=$



n*iE’*(1C *Œ=${B4$=2,_$=$'$)B4*2K
             
\„379:3>‘€*i1C3 R$9:37Ò&aB4 3$pN,$#%37!$14'96*D„=$Õ9:=$BC37„)'37€ BCa0237p$'1OEG0$$)'B437$*(1z,20$=${=$',z'$=$'#ˆ=$
&D*(#<B4*(Ò&D*(#<B4*(!$1CK "37#Š%'9?,2143
PR Q OTRU V€V Z Q\[^] S_] s]  # ]  r T$c7[‹c€S
=$372=$   ã w0$¤=$379:B4$BC3*()3( *(=$3A,8*(#<*A'1ª)'08*(1R1<37#%9?*A=$:1@*=$BJ&7#%à72)B@*{&„*(- 14BC=$3$K


 âu0./ - A'%8*> - —f h Q gT›pN)'37"$3(#<9?*AŽ_Ž h p A'%ƒ*~- =8*(=$3~<37!$#%  ‡‘ Z 'Òf h K"<*(Ò)3($=$B4)'B4372p



&aB49:37ˆA1 %9:,$143  nK NK $p8âu0$iPQ OTH<B4'${0$8*i=$BCEG'#<'$)B4*(1.=$ 8#a'- S) R$'”

 

•IPQ OT%‚6U V€V Q Z  ‚>… Z 

‚ # … Z  ‚ r T$c7[_c€S
,8*(#<*:‚IIf x @ Q ŠTeK



;0$I,$0$€ 3?)#-  BC)3: *:=$#%BC&D*(=8*Ì&D*(14w‰2p8‘7p_<*?0$<*($=$361@*(Š)3($<BC=$#<*()BC37$g=$%,$0H'- ‹=$1^1C9?*

=$  *(*(#p$'I'1)+/ *(,./-  02143 np8<*:%0$,z3($B4'$=$3:âa02 5' f ã *(+/- )'379?3 Z p$ '$9:37'”
‚ … ‚ UQ ‚ƒT …˜Q ‚_T æê‚^Q<Q Z 
T # …˜Q Z  T r T.=
Z 
# Z  r Z 
# Z  r

 g<*($=$3:1.<37#%9?*i=${1@*Œ=$BJ&7#%à72)B@*N”
V€V Q Z  æÐQ Z
T # æÐQ Z T r T<‚c7[‹c€S …¦V ‚  Z 
  >.caç‹U˜‰ =


\„379:3?‚"U˜‰i   ‹p_,_3a=$9:37ˆ)3($)1C0$B4#'p$*i,8*(# B4#ˆ=2114'96*  nK Z p 

 


¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ sµ’¥§ ¶ƒ¾ ž¸n؝ºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À>Ï ¸ŠPQ zTnĽ À »  B Z ¸e»Ìf ã Ä  Ï ¹ ÏaÀ ¸e»  gÄH¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ
ÉJ¹A¸n½eº2¹a½e¾8À ¿ » Ï ¸+HºNÉ4¸eΌ¸nØË
C 

æ  Q T†æ  Q TUW‰¨¸e» =
Z $[ Z
ƒS Z 
  
 
C     .         4

¡a¢ ^µ’¥F§ ¡N¢ÑÝs¬y£8­s£¨¡Y £     7£.µ

Š' 3(9?'9?37—'1Õ%'9?,$1C3 nK F7K p‹=237$=$ 1@* ,_37<BC)B+37-  =$¨âu0$B41CB4!$#%B43ž=2¨028*®9:9>!$# *($*ê'1á*(-  BC)+*2p
TVU XWY[Z

d <*6';1@*ÌEG#<37€<# *NpO<~,$0$'=$i$)'37€ #<*(# 9:B4$BC9?B+*(2=$3Ì1@*?%B4à702B4€<>*(,2#<3+vNB49?*()B+37- I=2Œ1@*:$'#<à8/- *



,_3( '$)B4*(1L”


zQ zTU V€V Q  ã …  ã T$c7[_c€S O N]

)3( QG[^] S2TU ƒxyQG[^] S2T„  ‹K 

# r
^*i)0$*()B+37- I=2~0$1C#ˆ'I'% w)+*D<3:”

UÐa‰ =

g3D 9:37ˆâu0$w)08*D14âu0$B4'#ˆ,$0$€ 3:)#/- <B4)3i'Š0$       uK'‹2R$')SR$3

Q

zQ Œ…‡‚ƒT†æžz Q OTU˜zQL‚ƒT… V€V Q  # ‚ # … r ‚ r T$c7[_c€S7=



„379:3 1@*Ñ=$#%BC&D*(=8*Ñ=$8#a'- )SR$'?:‰ ®0$®,$0$€ 3¨)#/-  BC)3$pR14* =2BCEG#%$)'B@*;'?zQL‚ƒT›K  =$9¦*(- 'pH%B

zQ I… ‚ƒT—U zQ OTŒ,8*(#<*F*(1CàÒ0$- ‡‚.pÒ)'37œ‚˜U ‰¤'  ‹pŠ€ 372)
6‚}Uމ2pŠ‚}U )'37$n*(€ žQLU
\

‰iA1@*ŒEG#<3(u<#<*€TeKR19I/- $BC9?3$pu%Bs›vNB4%<(p8' 0$- 2B4)32K



Qg3D 9:37ˆâu0$w<B0$<*(9:37ˆ11C9?*Œ=$  *7*(#Š37!N 2=$#<'9?37Š0$A,_3( '$)B4*(1 6Q\[^] S2THn*(1.âu0$D”

 U æ 
# U  r
Š=$')BC#14*(ˆ)'08*()'B437$'Š=$c\Ò*(0$)SR€‘N^ŠB49?*($Or K #
†BC8*(149:€<
 R$*á‘wâu0$H< 8*D1@*(#^âu0$„E’*(1Jn*ˆ,$#%37!8*(#1@*ŠevNB4 2)B@*g=$1a9I/- $B49:3$K Ò,$02u<3$p(3(!u&aBC3 ,8*(#<*
9Œ0$)SR2379?*D '9‡*D- <B4)'37=$1N<BCà7143,8*(<*(=$3$pD9:,z +*($=23‹,z3(#'‹BC#<B4)SR214'pÅEG02„)#%BC<B4)+*D=$3g,_37#F'B4'#<%<# *(%


=$:n*(1EG37#%96*âu0$"143(w9 '- <3N=237w&D*(#%B@*()'B437$*(14'Õ,8*(# *A1ª,$#<3(!$14'96*=$ ^*(,21@*()':EG0$'#<37F=$<*()#%=$B ^

n*D=$37 R8*(% *?âu0$ gB41C!z'#%pƒ*?,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC37ˆ=$>'%<><BCà71432p$14'g=$B+3?- 028*6!8*(%~#%B4à702#<37<*̑A *Å B4E’*()'<37#<B4*2K
¤14*"*()e 08*(1CB4=8*D=Ñ$3,z3a=$9:37 ‘7*ABCà7$37#<*(# 14*(‹)'#+- <B4)*( d8$à(B42=$3âa02:23A<*(!_9:37Õâu0$:*—&()'
$3 R8*+‘ 0$8*<371C0$)B+37- .K:¤'%<37~)*(<3(c R8*+‘ =$3(~,_/ 37<BC!$14'{*()'<BC<0$=$'”~%+*,$#<3(!8*(#{143âu0$:<:=$B4)'
3$pN#<)'37$3a)BC$=$3iâu0$Õ,20$=8* R$*(!z'#Ò0$8*Œ=2BCd8)'0$1C *(=.p$*D<0$9:B4#ª1z,$0$€ 3IQ’'— Õ)+*D<3i1@*~evNB4 2)B@*7T
evN,$1L/- )'BCn*D9?'u<(K

 4  
 
 

TVU¡aX
¢ WY[Z^µ ) § ÜW¡u¬G¡ ^¡ £$ ¬y¡u£F¢   ­ q¢¤£  Z_­ L¬ Z_­ +¡a¬y£ s£ s£.µ
R#%9:37
* R$37#<*Š3D #<3)+*D<3 ,$*(#%<B4)021@*(#=$'1u,$#<37!2149?*ˆ=$"1@*D<+*(0.” +)0ˆ*(- 1us1@*ˆ<0$,_#d8)BCH=2H14*ˆEG3(#<9?*
 

U  QG[^] S2Tep8=$ed8$BC=8*6,8*(#<*;Q\[^] S$Tˆ ‹pz0$5=$379:B4$BC3?*D)3( *(=$36'   ã p_)37  QG[^] S2TªU  xÅQG[^] S2TÒ
 ‹p8‘—=$¤*(- #<*i95/ - $B49?*

 


B4à$K 2K F
x

1w*(- #<*i%8*:- =$*(=8*Ì,z37#'”

i| Q  TU V€V Q FH…  ã …  ã T h ã c7[_c€S
1†)08*(1'{0$ÑEG0$$)BC378*(1ƒ#a- )SR$e{=$BCEG'#<'$)B4*(!$14><37!$#%:fir h'Q TeãK ^*")'08*()'Bá37-  =$:0$14'#p1C14'&D*"*—14*
 #

<BCà70$BC€ Õ#%1@*D)Bá3(- ¨Q’=$'<,$0H'-  =${%B49:,$14BJd8)+*()'B4372„‘—%B  f T›”



ã
 Q FH…  T†æ     …  Q FH…  TRUW‰a=
ã
#S# r # r # r rr #
bÕ379ê'- <#<B4)*(9:€ Dp$ 36%B4à72BCd8)*Ìâu0$w1@*i)'0$#%&D*D<0$# *:9?'=$B@*Œ=$w1@*i%0$,z'#%d8)'B4wg‰2KHRn*:)0$*()B+37- 
Š)'08*(<BC14BC$+*(1Q’BqK DKŠ14BC$+*(1zAã 1@*(„<à(0$$=8*(=$'#<BC&D*(ã =$*(nT„=$Õ<B4,_3i1L/- ,2ã  BC)3QGã Š=$')B4#'p$=${1@*>EG3(#<9?*
k  #S# … Dm  # r …  rr UW‰i)'375m æ k ! ‰€T›K  âu0/- m æêk ŠU æ>Q FH…  …  T  Aæ F7K
# r
1 0$=$BC3=$Ì% *A')08*D)Bá3(- ¤#%!8*(<*A14*(Õ,$#%' '$<BC37$'~=$Ì'%n*Dw23(n*('K ^3 0$- $BC)3—âu0$:,z3a=$'9?37
=$')B4#ˆ'Šâa02w%B.,_$<*(9?3(âu0$—Ž  # Žb](Ž  r Žu<379Œ02‘6,z'âu0$ 8*(Š)'379?,$*(# *(=$*(ˆ*i1@*(ˆ%à702$=8*(Š=$'#<BC&D* ^
=8*('p8n*Ì)0$*()B+37- I,20$=$w<'#*(,$#<3+vNB49?*(=8*Œ,_37#ˆ14*Œ)0$*()B+37- .”  UÐa‰ =


1$,8*(%3{<B4à(0$B4'u<Ò<'#+/- *‹€ 372) %0$ BCd$)+*(#âu0$ˆ14*(%37140$)'B4372R*‹1@*g)0$*()B+37- ÌB4$BC)B@*D1a›vNB4%<̑Œ%37

&7')BC8*(‹*Ì1@*ŒEG0$2)Bá3(- ;*(#%9‡37- 2B4)+*Œ)'37#<#%%,z372=$B4'u<(KŠ%<36%>,$0$'=$AR8*()'#iQG=$cR2)SR$3?1@*Ì=$9:37%<# * ^
)B+37- :„028*~*D,$14BC)+*()'Bá37- Ì=$0$?<37#%9?*w=2g,$02u<3~d %3€TeVK Q3( '9?37ªâu0$)37?%<  %9:,$143w,z3a=$'9?37
&7'#R9‡*(- )'1@*(#%3Õ1$,_37#âu0HŠ- =$ˆ14*Õ*(8*(1C37à8/- *€ #%g%0$,_#%d$)B4'R=$A*(- #<*Õ95/- $B49?*‘i=2ˆ95/- $B49?*<$%Bá37- .p
Š=$')BC#14*(ˆ,_379?,$*(ˆ=$ <*(!Š37- OK
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z^µC° §  Üs¡u¬ s£ GÝ¬y£8­ ᡃµ
\„37$%B4=$'#<'9?3750$8* )0$'#<=8*‡=2 =$$%B4=8*D= )37$n*(€< ‘W1437$à(BC 02=W #%,_37<
3 DKÞMNBŒ%  B ^
# *‡14*¦)02#<=$*2p~<$=$#%9:37Ñ1@*®,z3(<B4)'Bá37- W=$ 1@* d$à70$# * $K aK 1~14'9?'€ 3 =$ 1C37$à7BJ 0$= ?ç U 
 ‰  
 
C     .         4

Q F …  ã T h 㠌[ ‘F96*(<* :ç€pR)'37€ #<BC!$02‘(*;1@*;2#<à$/- *5)'B4He-  B4)*2” :ç  ã O
Np%BÒ<02,z3729:37iâu0$

$3 R8*+‘# =$'<,$14*
+*(9:B4'€ 3!R$37#%B '37€n*(1RQG=$)'B4#Ò[  U˜‰Ì3:9>02‘—,_âu0$ $3:)3(9? ,8*D# *(=$3Ì*  TeK
  



∆s

B4à$K 2K 
0 ∆x l

'‹1a9:B4<9:39?3a=$3$pÅ<BN<0$,_37$'9?37âu0$Ò1@*$'#<à$- * ,_3( '$)B4*(1u=$'!$B4=$*F0$- $B4)*(9:€ H* 1@*1C37$à€*()'Bá37- 

=$g1@*{)0$'#<=8*—QG$3 R$*á‘:=$ 8)')B+37- "3~<37#<%Bá37- 8Tepu/€ 3($)'Ò1@*w14'‘Ì=2 g3a3 DgBC$=$B4)*wâu0$ 1ƒB4$)'#<'9?'u<3
=${2#<à$/- *i,z3D 2)B@*D1.=$!2B4=$3:*(1'149:€<3 :ç~'Š,$#<37,_37#%)B43(8*(1.* :ç7K


 

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$p81@*Œ'$#%à8/ - *i)BCH'- <B4)*Ì=2w14*Œ)0$'#<=8*:'”

 V x F  ã Q FH…  ã T h ã c€[

‘—14*Œ$'#<à8/- *Ì,_3(<$)'B@*(1q” #

 V x &.Q FH…  ã T h ã c€[

A)+*D=8*:BC$% *(€  ›K #

MNB†*(,$14BC)+*(9:37Š1,$#<BC$)BC,$B43?=$Œ9I/- $BC96*Ì*()')B+37- ;Ñ'1†=$3(9?BC$B435jl‰N] eo jŸ‰2]

ŠoLp_<02,z372B42=$3—âu0$i1437
eva<#<9:37Œ=2—1@*I)'0$#%=8*Ñ<37žd %37p Qq‰N] %TŒU †Q D] %TŒU‰A‘žâu0$"14*(>,_37<BC)BC37$>=$"1@*I)0$'#<=8*Ñ*(1
 BC9:,z3 U˜‰i‘*(1O<B4'9?,_3 R&U
<37A)3($3N)'B4=8*D”
PQ zTU}V x V x 4Q  ã O
‹æ &$T'Q FH…  ã T h ã c7[_
c 
 

=$'!zg<#H9I/- $B49:3Õ61@*~,_37%B4)B+37- :=$ %'âu0$B41CB4!$#% B43 :QG„=2)BC#H'6# [—‘: %T›K '‹%,$0H- H=$ %B49:,$14BJd8)+*D#p
1@*Œ')08*D)Bá3(- I=$w0$1C#Š'”
ãã
 Q FH…  T …     Q Fª … ã ã
 T…˜4Q  O
‹æ &$T  U˜‰
1@*w)08*D1z'„3(<# *~&( ‹0$$*>)'08*()# B+37- ")'08*(<BC14BC$+*(1qK  âu0/- #m ã æ;k Š&U  _Q Fs…  ã T ã Q &ˆ…  ã  ã æ  ã O 7TR'
  #  # S
# #

,_37<BJ BC&(3 %B &~à(# *($=2Ò)379:,8*(#<*(=$3 *   ‘>*  # K†Ri'%<ˆ)+*(%3Õ1@*g')08*D)Bá# 3(- i=$„<B4 ,_3 # R$BC,z'#< !Š3(- 14B4)'3$K
 
 4  
  F

MNBz<0$,_37$'9?37„âa02   ]  # <37—9Œ0N‘6,_âu0$ 237ˆ)379:,8*(#<*(=$37„*Œ1@*(H)372%n*Du<'p$ 29:37Ò1@*>*(,$#<3+vNB ^

9?*()B+37- ¨Q’âu0${<w=$'!z %0$ BCd$)+*(# T


  æ &  #S# U˜‰

Š=$')BC#14*Œ)'08*()B+37- A=${37$=8*2p2)37&7'143a)B4=$*(==${,$#<37,$*(à€*()'Bá37- ¤Q &aO aTnh ã K


Qg3D 9:37?âa02 R8*+‘¦0$$*ž96*(2# *¤9‡*(- ?1Cà€*(€<5‘¦9¦*(- ?)1@*D# *¤=2 R8*()'#"n* *(,2#<3+vNB49?*()B+37- .”;%B
)3($<BC=$#<*(9?3(ˆâa02  # <'#8*Ì- ,z'âa02 8*2p814*Œ=$$%B4=8*D=I=${14*Œ$'#<à8/- *Ì)'B4He-  BC)+*


ã ã ã
 Q FH… T h O

,$0$'=$i*(,2#<3+vNB49?*(#<%~,_37#  ã O Npz9:B4'€ # *Dg âu0$~1@*?#=2$%B4=8*(=5=$>'$#%à8/- *6,_3(<$)'B@*(1qp8âa02BCƒ*D- $=$371C~14*
=$'$<BC=8*(=A=${0$8*Ì$'#<à8/- *Ì,_3(<$)'B@*(1.'I#%,_37<3 &"”
&OQ<Q FH…  ã T h ã æ FyT
,$0$'=$Ì*(,$#%3+v2BC96*D#<<~,z3(# &  ã O
aK ^*"a02'&D* ^*(à7## *D$à7B@*D8*?%#8* -  ã O wæ &  ã O
Npz)37Ñ')08*()'Bá37- 5=$
0$14'#”    æ &  #S# U˜‰2K #  #

1ƒ *(!_#ª)08*D1ƒN- #%9?BC$3{=$%)+*(#n*(#ª‘Ì)08*(1ƒ)'37$<'#%&D*(#ªH0$"*(# Dpa%37!$#%g 3a=$3{<B_<âu0$B4'#<)372<#&D*(#

0$8*:)'08*()B+37- A$3?1CB4$*(1LKª%<36=$',z'$=$~9Œ0$S) R$3?=$~14*ievN,z'#<BC$)'B@*Ì,$#<e&NB4*:‘—=2>*(1Cà70$8*D)'37$%B4=$_ ^
# *D)B43($ªN- )'$B4)*({QG=$9?*(<B4*(=$3~,z3a)+*( TeKR—1@*w,$#8*D- )' BC)+*>9>02‘6,_3a)+*(H=$‹n*(Ò*(,$#<3+vNB49?*()'B437$'„%37
Q’3i,20$=$'<# T %0$%<BCd8)*(=8*('KHMNB4"'9Œ!8*(#%à73$pN1 R8*D)#„1@*Œ*(,2#<3+vNB49?*()B+37- —*(€ 'ˆ=$‹0$<*(#ˆ1@*~)0$*()B+37- 
=$w0$14'#*á‘a0$=$*?*i$3:=$%)+*(#n*(#ˆN- #<9:B4237ÒB49:,_37#% *(€ 'K
"†*D# *Ì#<%371C&(#Š1@*Œ')08*D)Bá3(- I=${372=8*

 æ  ˜
U ‰

Qq‰2] %TU Q F7] %T†UW‰
S
# #

Q’,_37$=2#<9:37 & O ?U F7] ÕU FyT›pƒ,z3a=$9:370$ *D# 1s9ê'-  3a=$3?=$>%,8*(#<*()B+37- 5=2~&D*(#<B4*(!$1Cpƒ!$02<)+*D$=$3

<3(140$)'B437$'ˆ=${1@*ŒEG37#%96* QG[^] %TU zQG[zT ŒQ %T„3Ì<0296*(Š=${›v2,2#<%B4372=${% *ÌEG3(#<9?*2K
 

“s$=$#%9:37 ` æ ` ÐUW‰i3:%+*2”
   

` QG[zT U ` Q %T U æ &

zQG[zT iQ%T
 
 

‘€* âu0$— '$9:37Ì=$37iEG0$$)'B4372pª=$',z'$=$B4'$=$3¨=$—&D*(#<B4*(!$14'Œ=$BC% BC€n*('pª‘Fâa02I%37 BCà708*(1C'K ^*

<3(140$)'Bá37- *(1,2#<37!$1C9?*
€` (… & OQ\[zTUW‰ zQq‰7TU zQ FyTU˜‰
Š'u<37$)'” zQG[zTU˜| 3 < > O[^p8)37 &?U > ã ã = "†*(#<* ŒQ %TUW 3 <žQ > 
…  3 TeK
 "  

 
   
 
C     .        4

NM Bƒ)3($3N)'9:37 Q\[^]n‰€T†‘ †Q\[^]

T,z3a=$9:37ª=$'<#%9?BC8*(#R1@*(ª)3($% *(€ H| 3 ]n 3 ] 3 QG$3>=$g96*D$#<*
0$- $BC)+*€TH!20$<)*($=$3?0$8*i<371C0$)B+37- =${1@*>EG37#%96*N”
QG[^] %TU  f < > .[Þ<'ÖQ > ^…
 3 T.=
@

h 3

MN0$,_37$à7*(9?3(?âu0$ Q\[^]n‰€T—U ‰2p

U FI‘ QG[^%] FáT—h U h ‰Fã €<37$ã )' iQ’‰€TU iQ FyT—U ‰2p iQ %TU
 % > ›K Qg3(<9:37 âu0$Œ';%Œ)+*D<3"zQ zTÒU
x
x Q  æ  T$c7[ c „U ‰?‘Aâa02Œ$B42àÒ0$- I,20$€ 3
  

)#3 /- <B4)3i'Š0$I9I/- 2B49:3$K  #

'‹4  R$'S) R$360$<*($=$3:1@*i')08*()'Bá37- =$w0$1C#”

zQ >…¦‚ƒT†æ zQ zTU˜V x h V x h QL‚ ã 殂 ã T$c7[‹
c U ã ã [Q > ã æ " ã T O 
<BÒ<379?*(9?3(:‚sQ\[^] %T6U Ñ% > >< " .[^K  Rn# *¨)+*(€ BC=8*(=ê:,_37<BJ BC&D*;%B >  "Ñp„$'à€*D BJ&D*
<B > ! "ÑK  R$37#<*F!$BC¦%Bg%,8*D# *(9:37?&D*(#%B@*(!214:*(€<"=$5*(,$1CB4)+*D#:'1g,2#<B42)B4,2B43Ñ&D*(#<B4*()BC378*(1ґ
)3($<BC=$#<*(9?3(ˆ1.EG0$$)'B437$*(1L”
OQ ƒ] ÕTU˜V x h V x h Q 㠝`  æ €`  ã T$c€[_c

     

 '$=$#%9:37Š)379:3Ì)0$*()BC37$Š=$w0$1C#”
 ! €` ã … g`  UW‰N] zQ’‰€TU zQ FáTUW‰
   

  €`  … ã g` 2UЉ2] ŒQq‰€T†U iQ FyTU˜a‰ =

  

3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”
"
` QG[zT U æ `ã  Q %T U æ &
zQG[zT Q %T h
 
 

` Q %T U æ ` ã  Q\z[ T U æ &€ã =

iQ %T Q\[zT
 
 

“s$=$#%9:37
zQG[zTRUÐ|g< > O[ )3( & h U > ã ã
iQ%TUW>% "  )'37 &7ãÒU " ã ã


,_#<3¤€ 3($)' `  O ã U " ã ã QG)3( " %T ã U & h 23¤,$02=$I<#?)BC#%<3F*D1ˆ9?'$37:âa02 " Þ



U ‰2p
& h UЉ2p >IU˜‰2KR=$)'B4#ˆ'1i02- $B4)'3i,$0$€ 3:)#/ -  BC)3ÌA {)+*D<3: —U˜‰NK
 
 
C4     4   4      
 

 %<3iâa02B4#%‹=$')B4#„âa02Õ<,$*(# *(#H&(*D#<B@*D!$14'„*(€<ˆ3i=$'<,$0H'- ˆ=${*(,$1CB4)*(#H'1O,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC3w&D*(#%B@*()'B437$*(1ƒ$3

141C'&D*i*(1.9:B4%9?3i#%%0$1C *(=$3$K
Qg3D 9:37Òd8$*(149:€ Õâu0$w<B'<)'#<B4!2B49:37

杁zQ zTRU V x h V x h Q `  ã æ ã `  T$c7[
c     

UWV x h V x h €`  c7[ ã æ V x h ã c7[ g` 
c U}V x h Q’| ã æê g`  T$
c 








 

=$372=${| ‘— %37)37$n*(€< %B 6'=$*(=$3$Kª€ 37$)'1@*i)'08*()'Bá37- =$w0$14'#Š,8*(# * '”

 

| ®…  ` 2U˜‰2] ŒQq‰€TU ŒQ FyT†UWa‰ =

   

3(#5143®n*(€<3 iQ%TžU <' > )'37}ã |4ã ODã U > ã ã K Q3(ã  '9?37Iâu0$ž<Bw%)#%B4!$BC9?37 zQG[zT U
@ k < " .[^pƒ€<37$)'g|˜U @ " k O
Np8 U$ @ k O
NK
"  

h  h  h 
MNB„ã <379?*(9?ã 3(iã k  U ‰Npª,$*(# * " U ß "—xá] " h pª)3( "—x !ã ã > ! " h pHk   U Q " ãh æ > ã T h ã p„k  $ U
Q > æ " x T h p8€<37$)'g%{)0$9:,$14Õ14*i#<14*()B+37- —|˜U > 6K
MNB{B4€<à7#<*(9?3(—,$#<BC9?'#<3ê)37Ð#<'<,_)e 3 ›p‹3(!2 '$9:37If … • ` U ‰Np U c¦<'$" .[ )'37
f4O(• U " ã ã ps'¤'%<:)*(<3>êU "ÑKÌw=2)BC#Õ<Bqp=$%,$0H- ~=$ÌB4€ 'à7# *D#‹)37¨#<'<,_)e 3I*14*—3( #<*
  

&D*(#<B4*(!$1C(p2!20$<)*(9?3(g1C37ˆ,$0$€ 3(g)'#+/- <B4)'37p$3(!2 '$9:37Š19:B4%9?3i#%<021Cn*D=$3Ìâa02~%,8*(#<*($=$3?1@*(Ò&D* ^

#<B4*(!$1CÒ'51@*Œ')08*D)Bá3(- I=$w0$1C#ˆ,8*(#<* sK

Zá £ ^µ’¥F§ŠMNB.<$'9?3(02AEG0$2)B43(8*(1.âu0${=$',z'$=$w=$Õ&(*D#<B@*DÒEG0$$)BC37$'p8,_37#ˆ %'9?,$1C3$”
PR Q  h ] ƒã›TU}V€V Z Q\[^] S_]  h ] _ã+]  h # ]  h r ] _ã # ] _ã r T$c7[‹c€S
)3(  h ] _ã‹=8*D=8*(‹'  ‘ Z ‹fŒhepƒ‘5%B  h ] _ã <37 f ã pz<$=2#<9:37g=$37‹')08*()'B4372‹=$>0$14'#


QG<379?*($=$3iBC$)#%9:€ 37g‚ h pƒ‚$ãeTe”



8[ Z
8S Z  Z  UЉ2] è
 Q T…  Q T†æ U F7]  =
  

             

      

5*D14à70$237ˆ,$#<3(!$14'96*('p$1.EG02$)BC378*(1.=2,_$=$w=${=$'#<BC&D*(=$*(ˆ=${37#<=2A9‡*(- Š*D1C 32p2,_37#Š%9:,$1C3$”

PRQGS$TU V Y5X Z Q\[^] S.Q\[zTe] Su`4QG[zT›] Sa` GQG[zT%T$c7[ =
   
 
C     .         4

uâ 0./- '1s'<,8*D)B43:=${ #<*(!8* %3̝0$™ I<0$!_)37 %0$€ 36=2>f ã jŸkƒ] mnoqpƒ)37I$37#%96*;Ž^Ž ã+K„MN0$,_37$=2#<9:37âu0$
SOQqkaT>UÔ|>pSOQqmeTŒUÔ6pS ` QqkaTŒU pS ` Q’meTŒU š %37 =8*(=8*DK MNB Z ÌfŒh{ÐjŸk8]nm o  
pS(x>i1


)+*D$=$B4=$*D 3:*ieva #%9:3?3:*i,$0$€<3?)'#+/- <B4)'3$p2 3a=$3ÌS6%~'<)'#<B4!_

SOQG[zTU˜SDxyQG[zT… ‚sQ\[zT
)3(;‚^QG[zTÒ'5f ã jŸkƒ] mno `Ifix h jŸk8]nm oLK
PRQGS(x†…¦‚ƒT†æ¦PQ’S(xnTªU V Y X Q Zsr ‚Œ… Z^r ‚ ` … Z^r ‚ ` T$c7[Œ… NQ›Ž‚Ž ã›.T =

I02I,$02u<3?)'#+/-  B4)'3$”
•APRQ’SDx›T<‚?U V Y X Q Zsr ‚>… Zsr ‚ ` … Z^r ‚ ` T$c7[
,8*(#<*~ 3a=$3̂"'f ã jŸk8]nm o `6f x h jlk8]nm oqp23Œ%B R8*+‘?,$#<37!2149?*(ª=$‹BCu<à7#<*(!$BC14B4=$*(=Ì—143(„eva<#<9:37'p2,8*(#<*
 3a=$3?‚I'5f x @ jŸkƒ] mnoqK
"3(#'114'96*  nK p2 '$=$#%9:37Šâa02(”

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ .µ’¥F§ +H»Ñºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À Ä Z^r ¸n؝f h Ä Q Z^r T†æ Z^r ¸n؝f h B7Ë


c j c Q T†æ o_#U æ = 

c€[ c7[ Z^r Z^r Zsr

¶ƒ¾„¸eÉ Í ºa»8Á À e½ ΃ ¿ Á’¾L½ À ¸n؝f
B Z ¸nØgf
ªÄ ÉJ¹A¸n½eº$¹a½e¾8À ¿ » Ï ¸+HºNÉ4¸e΋Øá¸i¸nØá½eΛ¾’Æe¸Ë
Q Zsr T ` uæÐQ Zsr TÃ`D… Zsr UW‰a=
TVU¡u¬   Z .µ’¥F§

F7K "#<3(!8*(#„âu0$Õ%B Z Šf ã pN€ 372)ˆSDxÒŠf

'—1437H,$0$€ 37„=$37$=$ Zsr r UÐß ‰—Q’02 *(#Ò'1 R$')SR$3
âu0$ Zsr 'f h ‘—19:B4%9?3Ì*D#<à70$9:€<3:âu0${'I14*Ì,2#<37,_37<BC)B+37-  F7K FyTeK
NK "#<3(!8*(#ˆâu0$w<B
Z ' f
p8€<37$)'gSDxg'f g 3a=$37ˆ1C37ˆ,$0$€ 3(g=$3($=$ Zsr r U˜ß ‰2K

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z
.µ’¥F§ Œ£$¬y¬y£¨¡ Y £     7£ W¡ £ ^£.µ

MNBO*Œ0$8*Œ!8*(#%# *>=2‹14372à7BC<0$= #<',z3(<3Œ‘?9:,z3(<# *(=$*>—=$3(Ò,8*(#%=$'p814 *(,$1CB4)+*D9?37ª0$8*>EG02# *
&7'#%<B4)+*D1Lp$'%n*Ì<{=$eEG37#<9?*(#$* - R$*(% *Ìà(08*(#<=$*(#ˆ0$Aâu0$B41CB4!$#%B43$K
 
C4     4   4      
 ۑ
l
0 x
0 l

f(x)

B4à$K ë K F
u


Ã=$*(14B+*(9:37w1@*I!$*(#<#<*5‘F%0$,z3($9:37Œâu0$"14*51L/- $+*A9?'=$B@*A#<',$#<'<€ *¤*514*I!8*D#<# *NK®Qq%<",8*(<* %

=$?0$ž,$#%37!$14'96*"<#<B4=2B49:$%B4378*D1*I0$23;=$6028*I=$BC9?'$<B+37- ¨$35'%ƒ*5- *„0$- ¤)'379:,$14en*(9:€  %0$ B ^


d8)*(=$3$K†R~&(*D#<B43(1CB4!$#%37^=$„'1@*( B4)'B4=8*D=.py1@*(R$B4,ˆ3(-  '<B4sâu0$„%Ò0$<*(Œ<3(Œ=$R$)SR$3Õ)'37€ #<*(=$B4)e 37#%B@*('K T

MNB_<0$,_37$'9?3(Ò)379:3Œ*Du<ˆâu0$‹23 R8*+‘6=2<,21@
* *(9?BC€ c3 R$37#%B 3(u *(1†QG[  UW‰€Tepa1@*w$'#<à$/- *>)BCH'- <B4)*
âu0$=$*?=8*(=$*Ì,_37#'”
V x  ã Q FH… ã T h ã c7[7O



A1.<B4'9?,_3 ›K  #

^*;$'#<à$- *5,_3( '$)B4*(1H<B42"=$37Œ)'379:,z372€ '”614*52#<à$- *;,_3( '$)B4*(1HBC€ #%8*2p,$#%37,_37#<)'B4378*D1„*(1

)0$*(=$# *D=$3?/ =2w14*Œ)0$#&D*D 0$#<*2p8)3(I=$'$<BC=8*(=
ã Q  #S# Q FH… ã T  /
ã T ã caç
V x   Q FH…  T  ã c77[ O

ã ã #

&
‘—14*Œ$'#<à8/- *Ì,_3(<$)'B@*(1.›va #%8*2pƒ=$'!$B4=8*Ì*(#S1.# <# *(!$* %3Ì# =${1@*>EG0$'# +*Ì,_37#ˆ0$$BC=8*(=A=${1437$à(BC 02=.p  Q\[zTe”
æ V x   Q Fª…  ã T h ã c7[


QG<379?*($=$3i'I)'0$€n*:1=$'<,$14
* +*D9?BC€ 3Ì=$'114'9?'€#  3 :çÅT›K



MNB%0$,z3($9:37Šâu0${1@*i!8*(#%# *iˆd <*iI1437„eva #%9:37p8 '$=$#%9:37

Qq‰N] %TU  Q’‰2] %TU Q (] %TU  Q D] %TRUЉ
Q’14*(i)3($=$B4)'B4372Ì<37!2#<  # BC9?,$1CB4)*( âu# 0$I14*Ñ!8*(#<#<*Ñ:37#%<37# à7378*D1ˆ*¨14*(i,8*(#%=$'nTi‘ )3723N)'B42=$3
* QG[^]n‰€Tg‘ †Q\[^]
Tep^1,2#<B42)B4,2B43"=$Ì9I/- $BC96*6*())'Bá37- .p#%âu0$BC#<: 0$=2B@*(#Õ1C37Õ,$0$€ 3(~)'#+/- <B4)'37‹=$'1
EG0$$)'B437$*(1L”
x x ã ã ã ã
aPQzTU}V V jCQ  …    TQ Fª… T h æ&  Q FH… T  oyc7[‹c
_=
 
ã ã
 # #S# #
  
 
C     .         4

 € <„=2‹*(!_37#<=$*(#R1ƒ,$#<3(!$14'96*{=$,_2=$B4'u< =$'1_<B4'9?,_3$p7&7'#<'9?37H,$#<BC9?'#<3w1ƒ)+*D<3>'% *()BC378*(#%B43$p

=$372=$5$3:=$,_2=$~=21. BC9:,z32Ku<37$)'
PRQ zTª&U
ÑV x Q   Q FH… 8`<T h ã æ& 8` +Q FH…8`nT  ã O
7T$c7[


)3(I')08*()'Bá37- =$~0$14'#”
ã ã æ Q  ƒ`  Q F„… 8` ã T  h ã T `
 Q Fª… ƒ` T h
æ Q ë &  `  h ã Q FH…  ` ã T 
ã O
7T ` æ Q &  ` Q FH…  ` ã T  ã T ` UW‰ =
\„379:3:*„0$- I'% *:')08*()'Bá37- A=$'96*(%B@*(=23:)'379:,$14BC)+*(=8*Na p R8*(#%9:37Š1@*i<BC9?,214BCd$)+*()'Bá37- "=2~#%9:,$14
* +*(#
FH
ã
…  ,z3(4# Fw'I14* s*Dà7# *(2à7B@*($*2”
#
PRQ OTU
V x Q   æ &  `  O
7T$c7[


)3(I')08*()'Bá37- =$~0$14'#”
  æ &  6 : Q\[zTRUW‰2]
,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3$p
™
QG[zTU}V # V #%$ V # V #  QG[ T O'&ˆc7[ c€[ c7[ƒã_c7[ …
x x x x 

h [
… š [ ã … ƒ[Ì… P=
„37ž14*({)372=$B4)'B437$' Qq‰7™ TwU‰Np  ` Q’‰€T~U‰ '$9:37AU  U‰2K \„37F1@*({)3($=$B4)'B4372 Q áT{U
 ` Q áTU˜‰2p$37!2<$=2#<9:37 ‘ š K "3(# %9:,$143Ì%B1@*>EG0$'#+*̝1@*Œà(# *+&7'=8*(=.p  Q\[zTU& _p$€ 3($)'”
\

Q\[zTªU G
Q 6
[ æ +T ã[ ã=
&

†*D# *~'1ƒ)+*(%3>$3wn*()'B4378*D#<B432p7&7#%9:37„,2#<B49:#%3{)08*(1ƒ'H14*w')08*()'Bá37- ?=$gR0214#R,8*D# *{0$6,$#%37!$1C9?*

=${=$BC9?'$<B+37- —=$37ˆ‘—)'37I=2#<BJ&D*(=8*(ˆ%à70$2=8*(K„MN* Z '5fŒhH‘"&7*(9?3('1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1L”
"

PQ zTU V€V Z QG[^]<Sz] ^]  # ]  r ]  #S# ]  # r ]  rr T$c€[ c€S

=$372=$ ˜g*()'3(n*(=23$p 5'5f ã Q gT›K

 

€ 37$)'
RP QŒ…¦‚ƒT†æ‡PRQ zTU}V7V Q Z D‚~… Z 
‚ # … Z  ‚ r … Z 

‚ #S# … Z 
‚ # r … Z  ‚ rr Tc7[_cuS‹… N Q›Ž‚Ž ã›T

‘€*Ìâu0$ ˜*()'3(n*D=$3$K

 
C4     4   4      
 

^*i=$#%BC&D*(=8*i=$ 8#a'- )SR$'g=$iP '”



•IPQ zT<‚?U V7V Q Z D‚>… Z 

‚ # … Z  ‚ r … Z 

‚ #S# … Z 
‚ # r … Z  ‚ rr T$c€[ c€S


MNB ®Ìf p Z 'Ìf

‘F<—,$0$'=$A*(,$1CB4)+*D#~'1„ '37#<'96*;=$—14*5=$BJ&7#%à72)B@*Npª,_3a=$9:37Œ'<)#%B4!$BC#Œ1
B4€<à7#<*($=$3ÌA1@*>EG3(#<9?*2”
 Q  ‚~…  ‚ …  ‚ O
7T…  Q  ‚>…  ‚ …  ‚ O
7Tݾ
$[ Z
Z

# Z
r 8S Z Z r Z
#
 Q  T%‚:æ  Q  T<‚:æ  jJQ  Q  T…  Q  O
7T%T<‚2oqæ
$[ Z
8S Z $[ $[ Z

8S Z

 jJQ  Q  T…  Q  O
7T<T%‚2o\…
8S 8S Z $[ Z

ã ã ã
j $ [ ã Q Z 

T… $[  8S Q Z 
T… 8 S ã Q Z  T o@‚ =
Q '‹ <*(9:37ˆ*(11C)'<37#Ò&7'#<BJd8)+*(#Š'%n*Dg*Dà7#<0$,$*()BC37$'K T
g<*($=$3:1.<37#%9?*i=${1@*Œ=$BJ&7#%à72)B@*Ì37!2<$'9?3(
•IPRQ zT<‚6U
ã ã ã
V7V j Z gæ $ [ Q Z 
T†æ ƒ S Q Z  T… $ [ ã Q Z 

T… $[  ƒS Q Z 
T^… 8 S ã Q Z  T o@‚gc7[_c€S$…


V H.
‚ Z 
ææ # QQ Z 

T†T†ææ r QQ Z 
TT OO
  >: …  Z  
O
 Z 
 O
   ‚‚ #  > {caç =
 
 
 
  

Z r Z # Z
Z
Z r
MNB AŠ0$,$02u<3Ì)#/-  BC)3i=$ŒP ,8*D# *Œ0$8*i)'1@*(%Õ=$‹EG0$$)'B437$'g‚âu0${)3(u<B4'$w*if x @ Q ŠTep$'u<37$)'
‚.p8‚ # p2‚ r %37—‰~'  ‹p$1437RN'- #<9:B4$3(H=$EG#<37€<# *~=$<*(,8*(#%)'—‘?'1z1C9?*  L^ =8*>14*~)'08*()'Bá37- ?=$


0$14'#”


ã ã ã
Z  æ $[ Q Z 
T†æ 8S Q Z  T… $[ ã Q Z 

T… $[ 8S Q Z 
T… ƒS ã Q Z  TRU˜a‰ =
    

 R237# *‡!$BC.pw,8*(#<*‡0$<3 EG02<0$#<32p~,_3N=29:37;evN,$#%<*(#Ñ1437IN- #%9?BC$37žQL‚ ]›‚ TI 14*®EG#<3(u<#<*‡

N'- #<9:B4$3(ˆ=${1@*(ˆ=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*(ˆ$37#%96*D14H‘"n*(2à7$)'B@*(1C'pƒ‚ 3 ‘A‚ p8=${1@*>EG37# #%96r*Œ%B4à70$BC€ D”
‚ 3 U
6‚  >†] ‚ U
6‚ 
œU cac ç QL‚^Q\[QLçyTe] SOQLçyT%T


=$372=$2 >5UQ > h ?] >OãeT›]

U Qæ >Oãá] > h T›p8)37 > ãh … > ãã U F7K

  
 
C     .         4

‚ U  æ >Oã > h  ‚ #
‚ 3  > h >Oã  ‚ r 



‘—,_37#ˆ143i *(€ 3$p  ‚  æ >Oã > h  ‚

# U
‚ r  > h >Oã  ‚ 3  = 

À 'à7# *(2=$36,_37#Š,8*(# 1.N- #%9?BC$3?‚ U QL‚ƒTґ—$3( *($=$3:âu0$>$3 R8*+‘—N'- #<9:B4$3(ˆ=$wEG#%37€ '# *i‘€*
âu0$  Н0$8*i)02#%&D*:)'#%# *(=8*Np$ 29:37Šâa02~14*ŒB4€ 'à7# *(1O<37!$#%  ˜”
 




 V ÓNQ Z 
æ $ [ Q Z 

T†æ 8 S Q Z 
T O
7T > h …WQ Z  æ 8 S Q Z  T†æ $ [ Q Z 
T;O
7T >zã
… cNc ç jJQ Z 

æ Z  T > h >OãRæ Z 
Q > ãh æ > ãã T O
yoq×D‚cNçy…




V Q Z 

> ãh … Z 
> h >Oㆅ Z  > ãã T<‚ 3 caç =
R9:37gâa02i<B‚5U‰6  Q’,_37# 1C36n*Du<3‚ U‰7TŠ‘;‚ U ‰6€ 3($)'Õ% *"B4€ 'à7# *D1%37!$#< 
=$' *(,8*D#<)'(K
 
3


TVU¡u¬   Z .µ )®§gI1^)+*(%36=${14*:!8*D#<# *Ì1+*(- %<B4)*Ì,_<*(=8*Ì$36'% *()BC378*(#%B@*2p$)'37A1@*(Š)3($=$B4)'B4372”

Qq‰2] %TU Q D] %TU  Qq‰2] %TU  Q D] %TRU˜‰Np †Q\[^]n‰€T›] †Q\[^]
T„=8*(=$3(”

F7K$)'37€ # *D#14*i)0$*()B+37- =$wR0214#ˆ‘"&(#%BCd8)*(#Šâa02w1C37ÒN'- #<9:B4$3(ˆ=$ÕEG#<37€ '# *i$3?*(,8*(#%)'.K

# #

NKgMNB†< R8*()'i1@*"<02% BJ 0$)'Bá37-  Q Fˆ…  Tg,_37!

ã # F7p2)37€ #<*(#Õ1@*"')08*D)Bá3(- ¨=2ÌR0214#Õ1CB4$*(1†)'37#<#% ^
,_37$=$BC€ DK #

Zᣠµ’¥ §ŠMNBO<$'9?3(Ò0$—EG0$$)'B4378*D1zâu0$Õ=$',z'$=${=$ÕSOQG[zT‘"=$Õ%0$ˆ=$#%BC&D*(=8*D R8*(n*Œ37#%=$ >†”

PQ’S2TUWV:Y X Z QG[^] S_] Su`J%] =%=%='] S 6 3 : Q\[zT<T$c7[

=$372=$ŠS.Q\[zTƒ*{- :f 3 jŸkƒ] mnoqp€‘Œ%0$R=$#%BC&D*(=8*(V R$*(% *{3(#<=$' >‹æ FŠ<37Ì=8*(=$*(R:kw‘i':mypu'u<37$)'
<B Z gf h Fjlk8]nm o   3%J h ]ÕPRQGS$TH<B42Õ)379:3Ì=$#%BC&D*(=8*i=$ 8#a'- S) R$'
•IPQ’S2T<‚6UWV:Y X Q Zsr ‚Œ… Z^r ‚2`D… =%==y… Z  ‚ 6 3 : T$c€[ =
 
r
I02I,$02u<3?)'#+/-  B4)'3iSzpN 2=$#<'9?37Š14*Œ)0$*()B+37- I=2~0$1C#'”
Z^r æÐQ Z^r T `D…˜Q Z^r TÃ` (… =%=%=+…WQ cæ FyT Q Z r  T UW‰
3
 
63 :
 
N    
    
  E]  .    
 E  

<BNS~'%8*‹- :f ã 3 jŸkƒ] mnoN‘7p€%B2SOQG[zTs'%8*‹- :f 3 p€0$$* )379>!$B48*D)Bá3(- Œ=$Ò=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*(p()379:3‹i'12“s37#%9?*

ë K F7p$%#8*:- ‰2K
TVU¡u¬   Z .µC° § .¡u«_Ü­^£F¡ €Üs£  Z_ ­ ^¡ TÕÜY’¡u¬uµ
g<*($=$3i14*~ #<*($EG37™ #<9?*()B+37- 6=2™ 1.“s37#%9?* NK ™F7pa&(#ˆâu0$‹<$'9?37ˆ14*~#%1@*D)Bá3(- "S ` U ` Q F†… ` T 
‘


0$",2#<37!$1C9?*w'Ñj ] š o_)3( OQ T›] OQ š Te] ` Q Te] ` Q š T=8*(=$37'K g<*($=$3Œ14*w')08*D)Bá3(- 6=$ R0214#ª,8*(#<*

  

 w,$#<3(!$14'96*><# *($EG37#<9?*(=$3Œ&(#âu0${<w37!2 BC$Õ14*Œ)'08*()B+37- .”

    

c jŸSu` æžSu`GQ c Q T†æ T†æ oƒU æ

c7[ Zsr c7[ Zsr Z^r Z Z #
A0$Aeva #%9:3?1C3N)*(1O=21,$#%37!$14'96*Œ,$*(# *i1.EG02$)BC378*(1
VÌY X Z QG[^]<Sz] S ` ] S ` T$c7[=

  
           

        "  


 *D%n*—* R$37# *?1437 EG02$)BC378*(1C âu0$!R29:37 &aB4 3"%Ì*(,$14BC)+*(!$*(Ñ*?EG0$2)B43($Õ)'37;&D*(1437#%g=8*(=$37 

1@*"EG#%37€ #<*2K—MaB4¨9Œ!8*D#<à73$p^'% 3I$3A)0$!$#%:<3N=$*(~14*({*(,$1CB4)*()BC37$'0K "s37#{ %'9?,$1C3I'¤'1R %9:,$1C3
ë K FÕ=$Õ1@*~!8*(#<#<*Œ1+*(- %<B4)+*Œ,_3a=$#+- *(9?3(H=$ <*(#ˆ1@*~!8*(#<#<*Œ<37 '$B4=8*i'A1C37Ò›vN<#<'9?37ґ6$3i9:,_3( #<*(=8*2”
¨%?)*(<3 Qq‰2] %Tg‘ †Q D] %T </ 37¨=8*(=$*(~,_#%3$3  # K Œp¨1 %9:,$143 NK —=$Ì1@*—<0$,_#d8)BCÌ=$
#<e&7371C0$)B+37- .pu,_3N=$'9?3(ª,_=2B4#ªâa02 1@*Õ%0$,z'#%d8)'B4g<‹*D,z3á‘761ƒ1@*(=23~=$'#<'S) R$3Œ?0$8*w,8*(#<'=.pa1_)08*(1


<'#+/- *Ì'1)+*(%3?=2w028*:,_379:,8*Œ=$ <*(!Š3(- I,_à€*D=8*Ì*Ì' *Ì,8*(#%=.KHMN*:'u<37$)'”

PRQGS$TUWV:Y X Z Q\[^] S_] Sa`bT$c7[
=$372=${S"gfih„,_#<3:<BC)37$=2B4)BC37$'=2{EG#%37€ '# *2Kª1^<,$*()BC3:=2w<# *(!8* %3:%#$*:- 'u<37$)'‹fŒh'jŸk8]nm o
‘7p8%B Z gfŒh›p.PRQGS$Tª<$=2#8*Ì- 0$8*Ì=$#%BC&D*(=8*i=$ 8#a'- S) R$'”
•IPQ’S2T<‚?U V:Y X Q Zsr ‚Œ… Zsr ‚ ` T$c7[ =
50$5,$0$€ 3?)#/-  BC)3$pƒ•IPQ’S2T<‚—U}‰2pƒ,8*D# *:<3N=23"‚5';fŒhjlk8]nm oqEK "37#143Ìn*(€<3?%Bs<3796*D9?37‚5'514*
<02!z)'1@*(%w=2~fŒhjŸkƒ] mnoqpƒf x @ jlk8]nm oqp8 2=$#<'9?37Š14*Œ)0$*()B+37- I=2~0$1C#'”
æ c Q TUW‰
s
Z r c7[ Z^r
‘ Zsr ‹fihe2K "s37#‹143:n*(€<3—,z3a=$9:37g0$ *(# B4€ 'à7# *()'Bá37- I,z3(#‹,8*(#  Ñ1)*(- 1C)0$1C3"=$Œ14*6=$'#<BC&D*(=$*
=$ 8 #a'- S) R$'”
•APRQ’S2T<‚?U˜‰~U V Y X Q Zsr æ c7c [ Q Zsr T<T<‚c7[i… Zsr ‚†Ž XY U Z^r ‚†Ž XY =
 á‰7‰
F  
 
C     .         4

“s3796*D$=$3>‚?6fih'jŸk8]nm oLpa)3(—‚^QqkaTRU˜‰2]„‚^QqmeTRU F7puª$')<*(#<BC3~âu0$ Zsr Ž X UW‰2KV'‹'189?BC<9:3Õ9?3a=$3$p

)3(;‚^QqkaTRU F(p_‚sQ’meTªUЉ2p$ '$9:37 Zsr Ž Y UЉ2K
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ ±.µ’¥ê§ ¶ƒ¾ª»
À
¹ BA½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï ¸H¼›Î À »8Á ¸eÎ%¹ Í ¹(Î%¹I¸eÉa¼›ºa»O½e¾ À »_¹(ÉPRQ’S2TnĊ¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ̸e»¨ºa»
Í ºa»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Á’¾L½ À ØḠÀ ÆÁq¾L¸e»O¸Ë
C

 / .¹¸n½eº2¹a½e¾8À ¿ » Ï 4¸ +HºNÉ4¸eÎ'Ë
æ c Q TRU˜a‰ =
Z^r c7[ Z^r
  .¹Å،½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï ¸R¼›Î À »8ÁøeÎ% ¹ G»_¹(ÁqºaÎ%¹(É4¸nØ 'Ë
s
Z r Q’k8] S.Q’kaTe] Su`4QqkaT<TUW‰N] Zsr Qqmá] SOQqmeTe] Su`@QqmeT<TRUW‰a=
.¹ ¹(ÉJ¹€ÆÎ%¹ G»_¹(ÁqºaÎ%¹( É  1á¾L¸e»O¸ Ï ¸eÉ ¸n½ 8À ʺ8¸iºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Á’¾L½ ÀÏ ¸Æe¸{ع(Á’¾4ØG¼'¹a½n¸eÎ:¸nØeÁL¹;½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾8À ¿ » Ï ¸
¼›Î À »8Í Á ¸eÎ%¹€Ú

Zá£6±.µ’¥6§ªMNBuS{%8* - =8*(=$*g~0$Œ,$02u<3$p7,_37#^ %'9?,$1C3‹k8p('€ 37$)'âu0$'=8* )'1@*(#%3gâu0$Ò3(!2 '$=$#<'9?3(

<3(1@*(9:€ Õ14*Œ)372=$B4)'Bá37- =$ÕEG#<3(u<#<* %$*D 0$#<*(1 i'5máK

Zᣤ±.µ ) §ŠMNB.<$'9?3(

PRQ’S h ] SDã›TRU V Y X Z QG[^] S h ] SDã+] Su`h ] Suã` T$c€[

€<37$)'<$=2#<9:37Š1@*Dˆ)37$=2B4)BC37$'$*D 0$#<*(14'”
Z Qr ’kƒ]<S h Q’kNT›%] =%=%='] Suã` QqkaT<TRUW‰N] Z r
Qqmá] S h QqmeTe] =%=%=]<Saã` Q’m'T%TRUW‰
3:*(14à(0$8*i=$Ñ- n*(Š<BS  %8*:- =$*(=8*iIk63ÌImáKH1 0$- 9:#%3Œ 3( *(1.=$w)3($=$B4)'B4372ˆ=$'!z{<'# 2K
 

TVU¡u¬   Z¤±.µ’¥F§ˆ$)3(u<# *(#Š14*(ˆ)372=$B4)'B437$'Š8*D 02# *(1Cˆ,8*(#<*i1.EG0$$)'B437$*(1

PQ’S2TU V Y;X Z QG[^] S_] S ` ] S ` T$c7[=

g<*(#Ò'1z '37#<'96* ë K F ,8*(# *~,z3a=$#HB4€ 'à7# *D#„,_37#„,8*D#% 'p$'<)'37à7#ˆ‚sQ\[zTHf ã jŸk8]nm oOn*D1Oâu0$‹$37- 143Œ028*
=${1@*D :)*(€ BC=8*(=$'p_‚^QqkaTep_‚^Q’m'T›p_‚ ` QqkaTep_‚ ` QqmeTep8%+*Ì=$BCEG'#<€<w=2~‰NK


TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zž±.µ’¥F§ Ü W¡u¬ G¡ ^¡;¬y

¡ 7Z Y’Ü Z_ ­  Z_­‡¢  ­ q¢F£ £2 ¬Å¡u£.µ
MN0$,_37$à7*(9?3("âu0$Ñ837- 1C3  Qq‰7T?ƒ* - =8*(=$3˜Q\&7#"d$à70$# * K FyT›K '‹'1  %'9?,2143 NK NpŠ *(!_9:37—âu0$ 1


EG0$$)'B437$*(1.'”
|iQGS$TU V x Y  .S.Q FR…®Su`  T h ã c7[
 
N    
    
  E]  .    
 E   በF
F

)3(I%0I#%<,_)e BJ&(*Ì)'08*()'Bá37- A=$w0$14'#K ^*:)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- A=2{EG#%37€ '# *Ì8*D 02# *(1.'5k?<#$*2- ” Zsr UW‰2p$1C3
)0$*(1B49:,$14BC)+*wS.Q’kNT S ` QqkaTRU˜‰NK
y

x
a

B4à$K K F


„379:3:‘7*6143 R$'9?37&aB4%<3$pƒ1@*Ì)372=$B4)'Bá37- AS.Q’kaT„U ‰?B49:,$1CB4)+*Œ028*?,_37<BC!$14{%B4$à7021@*(#%B4=8*(==$~S.Q\[zTÒ

k8K "37#>143I *(€ 3;14*5)3($=$B4)'Bá37- ¤9‡*D- ~EG#<')0$'€ <'#8*;- S ` Q’kNTiU ‰2”Ì1@*A<0$,_#d8)BC—Œ3(#% 3(à7378*(1H*514*
\

,8*(#%=.K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zž±.µ ) § Œ£$¬y¬y£ W¡ £ s£ž¡  +£  Z_­^£$¬ ’£Oµ
MNB0$<*(9:37ˆ1@*Ì*(,$#%3+v2BC96*D)Bá3(- "=$1 %9:,$143 ë K F7p$14*i*())'Bá37- Aƒ*Ì- =8*(=8*i,_37#”
PRQ OTU
ÑV x Q   æ & 8`  O
7T$c7[


)3(I=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*i=$ ƒ#a- S) R$e+”

•IPQ zT<‚?U
V x Q  ‚:æ &  ` ‚ ` T$c7[ =


 0$ž,$02u<3Ñ)#/- ã BC)35•IPRQ OT%‚êU ‰I,8*(# *A 3a=8*;‚  f ã jŸkƒ] mno‹Q’%B„$3R8*+‘F)'37$=$BC)B43($ Tw3;' 0$
<02!z'<,8*()'B43A=$:f jlk8]nm oqp,_#%3A%à702# *(9:€ Ì,8*D# *— 3a=$3A‚¤¤Af x @ jlk8]nm oqK "37#{1<37#%9?* nK F7p^1
,$0$€<3?)'#+/- <B4)'3igf )3(  6 :<Q\[zTªU  O'&zK "s3N=$'9?3(ˆ,z37#Š1C3Œn*(€ 3ÌBCu<à7#<*(#ˆ,_37#ˆ,8*(# '”
•IPRQ OT%‚6UЉ>U˜V x Q  æ &  6 : T<‚c€[?æœ Q & 8` –‚2`aæ & 8` `–‚_T%TgŽ x =



“s3N=8*D14*(ˆ,_37<BC!$14'ˆ)37$=2B4)BC37$'ˆ=$ÕEG#<37€ '# *IQ’=8*D=8*(ˆ3:8*D 02# *(1CnT„#%%0$1C *(#8*(- =$

Q  ` ‚ ` æ  ` ` ‚ƒT Ž x U˜‰2K "37#Š %9:,$143$”

F  በ 
 
C     .        4

FyT‹MaB ^p  ` ƒ*(-  =8*D=8*(‹'¤‰6‘I Dp.'u<37$)'~‚^Qq‰€TŠUå‚ ` Qq‰7TU ‰Np^‚^Q +TŠUå‚ ` Q +TU ‰2K s*?!8*(#<#<*
ƒ*i- d <*iI‰Ì‘" (K
7TMNB ^p  ` ƒ*(- :=8*(=$*(?‰2pu€ 3($)'҂^Qq‰7TU}‚ ` Qq‰7TªUЉ2p€,_#<3 ̑ ` %8*(- :14B4!2#<' Dp€'u<37$)'
,8*(#<*g'%n*g!8*(#<#<*2pyd <*g'i‰‘{1CB4!$#%ª' Dp(,_3N=29:37 379?*(#‚Œ)37Œ‚sQ’‰€TRUW‚ ` Q’‰€TU}‚ ` Q áTU˜‰2]D‚sQ +TªU F
‘ 37!N 2#Ì1@*;)'37$=$BC)Bá3(-  8*D 02# *(1  ` ` Q +T:U ‰2K “s3796*D$=$3¨‚^QG[zTŒ)3(¦‚^Q’‰€T?U ‚ ` Q’‰€T:U ‚sQ +T?U ‰2p
‚ ` Q áTRU F7p$ '$=$#<'9?3(  ` Q +TUW‰2”14*Œ)0$#&D*D 0$#<*:' ՝‰2K
€TÒMaB ^]  ` ƒ*(- =8*D=8*(Ò'‰2p ƒ*i - =8*(=8*Œ' ‹,_#%3  ` Q +TR%8*i- 14B4!2#<(pu '$=$#%9:37ˆ0$8*Œ!8*D#<# *wd <*
¤‰"‘Ñ<3(,z37#n*(=$*A' DKÌ€ 37$)'Œ‚sQ’‰€T‹U ‚ ` Qq‰7T‹U‚^Q áT U‰2K "s3N=$'9?3({<379?*(#‹0$8*—EG0$$)'Bá37- ¤‚
Q R$*()'#=2B4!$0 %3(nT„)3(I'%n*Dg)'37$=$BC)B43($ґA‚ ` Q +TRU F =
^*i)37$=2B4)B+37- 8*D<0$# *(1O<#$* -  ` Q +TRU˜‰2K

l l
x x

Qq*€T „D *(#<#<*Ì1CB4!$#% Q’!ƒT „D *(#<#<*Ì%37,_37#% *(=8*

u u

B4à$K K 


¡a¢ ž±.µC° §{Û~P¬ ZƒÝ Y’¡a¢F£ ¢  Z¨¡a­ Z   q¢F¡a­ [Zz­^¡ (µ
TVU XWY[Z
MNB.<$'9?37Š'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1

PQzTU V€V Z Q\[^] Sz] s]  # ]  r T$c7[_c€S

)3( I=8*(=$3Ì h p$,8*(# {=$  ‹p8‘ 51CB4!$#%‹A1#%%<3 ã„U  h KRR€<37$)'

   

•IPQ zT<‚?U V7V Q Z D‚>… Z 

‚ # … Z  ‚ r T$c7[_c€S

,8*(#<*:‚IIfiheQ T„)375‚^QG[^] S2TUW‰i h K
 

MNB Z 'f ã p$'€ 37$)''pz'I0$A,$0$€<3?)'#+/- <B4)'3

•IPQ zT<‚?UWV€V Q Z ‹æ $ [ Q Z 
T†æ 8 S Q Z  T<T<‚c7[_cuS‹…¦V
‚ Z 
  >{caç UЉ


Z 

N    
      E]  .    
 E    በF


,8*(#<*‹ 3a=$3w‚.K“3(96*(2=$3~‚::f x @ Q ŠT›pa14*‹B4€ 'à7# *D12=$37!214ˆ=$' *(,8*D#<)'(pa=8*($=23w14*‹)'08*()B+37- Ì=$0$14'#

‹æ Q  Tæ Q  TˆU ‰2K]"'#<3")'379?3?1@*:)1@*D<>=2~EG0$$)'B4372Ղ;'‹9‡*D-  *(9:,$1CB@*iâu0$if x @ Q ŠTep
  
 

Z '$9:37#  Z
r Z


V ‚  Z 
  >{cNçgUWa‰ =

 Z
 R237# *Œ!$BC.p2<B žˆ028*ŒEG0$$)B+37- f h '  ‹pƒ)'37 ¨U˜‰Œ p$,z3a=$'9?37„)37$ #%0$B4#Š‚Af h Q ŠTep
)3(;‚"UЉ:' h p8=2w9?*($'# *Œ%B4à70$BC€ D”


h   

Γ
2
ε0

n
s

Γ1
ε0

y
Ω
Γ1
ε0

B4à$K K 
x


MNB  }Š%02d8)BC€ '9?'€ >1CB4<*2p$<* >¨1@*Œ237#<9?*(1.BCu<#%B437#'K \Ò*D=8*:,20$€ 36'I028*Ì&()'B4$=8*D=5=$  ‹p

,$0$'=$i#<',$#<'<'u *(#<%?)'379:3 QLç7] >.T =$37$=2:çÌ)'37#<#%<,_37$=2Ì*"1@*61C37$à7BJ 0$=I=$Ì*(#<)'3—<37!2#< ‹KiMN*
 

€<37$)'{‚^QLç7] >.T„U _Q nT ÒQqçyTep_)37_Qq‰€TªU F7p _Q <xeTªU ‰2] ` Q %xeT„U}‰2] "';f @ pƒ‘›va 2=$B4'$=$3‚
 

)3(9?3:‰ŒEG0$#<*:=2w14*>&7')B42=8*(=.K
    

€ 37$)'
V  Z 
  >Ocaç UW‰


,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3 ê'5fŒh'Q ã›T `IfÒxyQ ã›T›K "s37#Š 11CZ9?* nK Np2<$'9?3(14*i)37$=2B4)B+37- —8*D<0$# *D1L”
  
á‰
F
  
 
C     .         4


Z 
  >IUW‰i' %ã =


Z
"3(# %9:,$143Ì%B U ã ã
 …  T O
ap$)379:3ÌA1)*(<3:=$w1@*Œ9:9Œ!$#<*(8*2p21@*i)372=$B4)'Bá37- 8*D<0$# *D1.<'#8* -
Q


 U˜‰2p$'g=2)BC#ˆZ 1@*i)3($# =$B4)'Bá37- —r =2cQ0$9?*($OK
3
F'1ª)*(<3I=$:0$8*—EG#<37€ '# *A$3I1CB4<*2p^)37¤<âu0$BC8*I,_37#{ %'9?,2143$p R8*+‘ âu0$Ì 379?*(#Õ0$8*&7')B42=8*(=
=$A1@* %âa02B48*F=237$=$A1@* eva '$<B+37- ‡$3¤?)37€ BCu08*2K \„379:3¤' * &7)'B4$=$*(=‡6*(#<!2BC #<*(#<B4*(9:€ 
,_âu0$ 8*Np21_#<'<0$1Jn*(=23>„1_9?BC<9:3$K Q3>B42<B4 BC#<9:37R9¦*(- H'— ‹,$02u<3Œ,_#<3>=$ <*(9:37H*(1_14)e 37#
1@*Ìn*(#%+*:=$Œ)3(u&($)'#%<Ì=$>âu0$>%<Œ,$#%3N)'=$BC9?BC€ 3?,$0$=2 R8*()'#<%> 3(96*(2=$3614*(g,2#<)*(0$)'B437$'


$')<*(#<B4*(K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zž±.µ ‡§{Û~P¬ ZƒÝ Y’¡a¢F£ ¢   Z  Z_­‡¢ £   ^¡u¬  $£ s£ Dµ
I'1 %'9?,$1C3 ë K Fw&aB49:37Òâu0$w1.EG02$)BC378*(1

PQ zTU V7V Z Q\[^] Sz] s]  # ]  r ]  # r ]  r # ]  r%r T$c7[_c€S

 BC$Dpƒ;%0;=$#%BC&D*(=8*Ì=$ ƒ#%S) R$e+p_0$8*6BC€ à(# *(1=$3(!$14wâu0$>1C14'&D*Ì*?14*:')08*D)Bá3(- 5=$>R0214#'p8‘I028*


B4€<à7#<*(1.=${1L/- $+*N”
 V ä Q Z 
æ 8 [ Q Z 

T†æ 8 S Q Z 
T O 7T > h …˜Q Z  æ $ [ Q Z 
T O
7T >Oㆅ
… cac ç Q<Q Z 

æ Z  T > h >zãHæ Z 
Q[> ãh æ > ãã T;O
7T Š‚8cNçH…


 V Q Z 

> ãh … Z 
> h >z㐅 Z  > ãã T2‚ 3 caç =
MNBˆ'¦,8*(# =$  ‹pŠ‚®‘®‚ 3 $3¨<3(¦‰2pH€ 3($)'6<B „QLçyTŒ:f ã Q  ŠTep„,_3a=$9:37Ì)372% #%0$B4#Ì=$3(


eva<$%B437$' *Ì0$8*Œ&()BC$=8*(=I=$  ‹p_=219:3N=$3i%B4à702B4€<(”

  


‚ h Q\[^] S$TU h Q nT ÒQLçyT

 

‚$ãÅQ\[^] S$TU €ãÅQ nT ÒQLçyT

 

=$372=$
Q\[^] S2TU QLç7] >.Te]  f @ ]  Q <xeT&U 7` Q <xeTRU 7` ` Q %xeTUW‰2]
   

h Q’‰€ã TU F7] 7`h Q’‰€TUW‰2] €ãyQ’‰€TRU˜‰2] 7`ã Qq‰7TU F =

Qq 3{#<'âa02B4#%ˆâu0$  ®%+*{f = T€ 372)H‚ U 5<37!2#<  ‹p€)37 _‚ O  >;U˜‰2pu‚$ãÒU˜‰‹<37!$#%  ‹p
)3( z‚$.ã O  >FU H4K "s37#‹1C3?n*Du<3—Ñ14*(g,$*(#%<h Õ=$372=$  $3"'%ƒ*"- =$*(=$h 3$pO<$=2#<9:37‹14*?)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- 
   

8*D<0$# *D1L”


N    
    
  E]  .    
 E   በë
F

æ  Q  T†æ  Q  T;O
 > …   æ  Q  Tæ  Q  T O
 >z㐅

Z
$c [  Z

ƒS Z
 h ãZ ã ƒS Z $[ Z



… caç Q Z 

æ Z  T > h >zãHæ Z 
Q[> h æ > ã T;O
  U˜‰
‘—'I14*(ˆ,8*(# Š=$3($=$ 3 23:'%8*:- =8*D=$3$”



 > ãh …  > h >z㐅  > ãã UW‰a=

Z

Z
Z
¡u¬ ±.µ )§ê% 02=$B@*(#61@*(?)37$=2B4)BC37$'6=$5EG#%37€ '# *ž,8*(#<*F1@*¨!8*(#%# *ž$3ž'% *()BC378*(#%B@*2pˆ)'37
*()')Bá3(- .”
TVU   Z

ã
uPRQ zTU V V 4Q  …   zTQ Fª…  T h 
ã ã æ &  ã Q FH…  ã T  ã T%c7[_
c 
x x 
 

A143(ˆ<B4à(0$B4'u<Š)+*D<37'” # #S# #

F7Kg‚—UW‰Ì  ‹p.‚ U}‰:'A[U}‰2p$[AU DK DÒ*(#<#<*i<0 %en*(=8*:)37A,_37<BC)B43($ŠB42B4)B4*(14'H‘—d8$*(14'

)'37$3a)B4=$*(K #


NKg‚5*D#<!$BJ # *D#<B@*NK

2Kg‚ Uå‰2p^‚ Uå‰" [¤Uå‰2pO[FU K‚¨Uå‰"' gU ‰2K DÒ*(#%# *"<0 %'n*D=8*2p^)37 ,_37<BC)B+37- ;B42B4)B4*(1
)'37$3a)B4=$*2#K
$Kg‚"UЉw'?[—UW‰2p€[U DpRUÐa ‰ K2‚ # U˜‰{:[UW‰NVK DÒ*(#%# *Õd <*w'?[—U˜‰2pu<3(,z37#n*(=$*w'?[U (K
ë Kg‚"UЉ:'A[—U˜‰2p U˜a‰ K8‚ # UW‰i[U˜‰2K DÒ*(#%# *Œd <*i[UW‰Np$14BC!$#<Õ'A[—U DK
Qg3D 9:37ˆâu0$w<B.<3796*D9?37„1@*i*(,$#%3+v2BC96*D)Bá3(- .”

aPRQ OTU˜V


x V x 4Q  ã …   :æ &  #Sã # Tc7[_c 
€<37$)'g14*i,$#<BC9?'# *Œ)3($=$B4)'Bá37- —$*D 0$#<*(1<{#%=$0$)'>*N”
&  > h …  >zãˆU˜‰
Q > h >Oã ãU ‰ }0$W#<)eƒ*(- 2à70$143€TA<B>‚};#S#S#1CB4!$#%(p‹9:B4 '€ # *D5âu0$F14* %à70$2=8*2pw<Bi‚ 3 I14B4!2#<(pÕ'
&  > h U‰2KÑê,8*(# BC)0$14*(#p<B„14*I!8*D#<# *;'Œ<0 %'n*D=8*; [‡U ‰5‘¨[ U Dp<BH1@*5,_37<BC)B+37- FBC$B ^
)B4*(#S1†#S'# Õ)3723N)'B4=8*6,_#%3$3—1@*?d$8*(1ˆQG143—)'08*(1†'Õ1,2#<37!$1C9?*68*D<0$# *D1‘€*—âu0$i)'37$3a)#Õ14*6,_37<BC)Bá3(- 
A1z B4'9?,_3Œd88*D1Lp$3̍)*(=8*ÌB4$n*(€ Dp$ˆ<$'#g'1.,$#<3(!$14'96*Œ#%<021C<3Ì=$w*(€ 9?*($3€Tep$'u<37$)'
1@*¦0$- 2B4)+*i)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- —8*D 02# *(1'   Q\[^]
TUW‰2K
\„379: 3
}g*(#%!$BC<# *(#%B@*2pa1^,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC3Œ=$w95/- $B49?*>*()')B+37- 1414e&D*i*:14*Œ)37$)'140$%Bá37- Aâu0$ ;$3Ì=$',z'$=$
=$ ›K:~,_37#Õ143" *(€ 3A9Œ02‘ÑBC9?,_37#n*(€ ~ 2#{)0$BC=8*(=$3A=$Ì$3A*(,$1CB4)*(#‹,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC37 &D*(#<B4*()BC378*(1C
F በ 
 
C     .        4

=$i9?*($'# *—B4$=2B4<)'#<BC9?BC8*(=8*2KwMa:,20$=$Ì1C14à7*(#‹*(/- *—<BJ 08*()'B4372Õ)3(u<# *(#%B@*(‹*14*"#<*(14BC=8*(=.Kc"†*(#<*

,$#%37!$14'96*D:=2,_$=$BC€ '—=$1Š BC9:,z32p„<I,$0$'=$Ñ*(,$1CB4)*(#i1,$#<BC$)BC,$B43 =$I9I/- $B49?*Ñ*()')Bá3(- ¦,8*(#<*
=$'#<BC&D*(#ˆ14*Œ)'08*()B+37- A,z'#<3 R8*+‘âu0${,z'$ *(#Š)'37I)'0$B4=$*(=$3Ì1@*(ˆ)'37$=$BC)BC37$Š=$ÕEG#%37€ #<*2K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zž±.µ §{Û~ã P¬ ZƒÝ Y’ã ¡a¢F£ ^¡ GZƒÝ q­Rµ ã
MN*PQzTU

Q  … T$c€[_c€S‹…
$QqçÅT cNç =8€ 3($)'p_<37!$#%wfih'Q Te”


r

 
#
PQ >…¦‚ƒTæ¦PRQ OTU PRQL‚ƒT… ªV(V æ ‚ ̅ RV Q  > … $QqçÅT zT<‚8caç
 

<B Ìf ã Ki0$i,$02u<3Õ)#/-  BC)3 2=$#<'9?37'” "UW‰  ÐQ\ 379?*($=$3‹‚Ì'Ìcf x @ Q ŠT<T 3 … 2QLçyT "U
  


‰i  ‹”H)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- A=2 Š37!$BC.K

  


Qg3D 9:37Râu0$ ?H0$6,$02u<3~)'#+-  B4)'3Ց $QqçÅT

ЉՑÌ$3wB4=$'u<B4)*(9?'€ ‰2pu€ 3($)'Ò18,$02u<3>)'#+- <B4)'3
†0$i9I/- $B49:3ˆ‘>'"0$- $BC)3$”^=$ R2/ )SR$3iPRQ R…"‚ƒT7æ"PRQ OT7æ"PQL‚ƒT
œ‰g‘:PRQq‚_TRUЉ 837- 1C3‹<B$‚"U‹)372%n/*Du<
)3( 2QLçyT<‚?UW‰i  ‹K 

      
           
                   
 

   
ž*(1Cà70$$3(Õ,$#<37!2149?*({1BC€ à(# *($=23I,$02=$:<'#~=$BC<)'37€ B4u0$3AF*(14à„02- Ñ,$0$€ 3I3I%?=$'<*50$ *D#
EG0$$)'B4372Š)37A=$'#<BC&D*(=$*(ˆ=$B4%)37€<B4u08*('p8=$)'B4#
PQ’S2TU V Y X Z QG[^] S_] Su`bT%c7[
=$372=${<w,z'#<9:BC  âa02~S ` <*?=$BC<)'37€ B4u08*i'5*(1CàÒ0$- —,$0$€<3?BCu<#%9?'=$B43 yK
y

B4à$K K F
a c b

 
   E!
 G   4 V  ]  E  4   ]
E4    á‰
F

" 3a=$'9?37Š'5*(9>!z37ˆ)*(<3('<)'#<B4!2B4#”
PRQGS$TU V Y Z Q\[^] Sz]<Sa`bT$c7[i… V X Z QG[^] S_] Su` T$c7[


=$372=${S.Q\[zT„=$!_~%#fŒhÒ'žjŸk8] ›oO‘—Fj y]nm o‘—)'37€ B4u08*Ì y” 

S. Q  T†æ S. Q J TRÙåjŸSuo UW‰N]

=$ed8$B4'$=$3*(/- 1 *(1J 3"=2Œ0$8*6EG0$2)Bá3(- ÑÑ1,$0$€ 3 yKwMNBSOQqkaTˆU |~p.S.Q’meTU 6p.,_3N=$'9?3(‹0$ *D#


)3(9?3Ì%,8*()'B43Ì=$Õ #<*(!8* %3$p8'1%,8*()BC3$”

 U ÓD‚Af h FjŸkƒ] ›o‘—'žj y]nm oL]›‚^Q’kNTRUЉ2]›‚^QqmeTRUW‰2]yjl‚2o U˜‰a×
)3(I14*Œ$37#<9?*2”


 ‚  U原‚†Ž Y  … Ž‚Ž  =
$ X
 

Š)1@*D#<3Ìâu0$w '02I'<,8*()'B43:=$A DÒ*(8*DS) R.K $  

 

<)'#<B4!2B42=$3S5U SDxR…œ‚p%B Z 'wfihg¦jŸkƒ] ›o   㠑 j y]nm o   ã p€<37$)':PQ’S2T '$=$#$*- )'379:3

=$'#<BC&D*(=$*Ì=2 8#%S) R$e+”
 

•IPQ’SDx›T<‚"U V Y Q Zsr ‚>… Z^r ‚2`–T$c7[Œ… V X Q Zsr ‚>… Zsr ‚2`JT$c7[=



% *5=$#%BC&D*(=8*A<'#8*5- ‰I,8*(# *— 3a=$3;‚ ' 6p<BªS(x>'>0$F,$0$€ 3;)'#+-  B4)'3$K—ž,8*D#% BC)0$14*(#{,z3a=$'9?37
 3(96*(#>‚ž fAx @ jŸkƒ] ›oª‘ ‚^Q\[zTŒÙ‰AÐj Å]nm oq”i 2=$#<'9?37~âu0$ Zsr / if h œjŸk8] noLp)'37 =$'#<BC&D*(=$*
QG[^]<S(xyQ\[zTe] S ` QG[zT%TeK “3(96*(2=$3¨‚¦Ù ‰;'WjŸk8] no„‘ž'®f @ j y]nm oLp '$=$#%9:37iâu0$—1@*5')08*D)Bá3(-  =$
Zsr0$14'#ˆŠ&„*(- 14BC=8x *>n*(9>!$Be'- —Fj y]nm oLK"s37#Š143in*(€<3:,_3a=$9:37x ˆB4€<à7#<*(#ˆ,z3(#ˆ,8*(#%<'”
•IPRQGS(x›T%‚"UW‚ Zsr … ‚ Z^r X U jl‚ Zsr o U˜‰a=
  

Y
 







\„379:3Ij ‚2ozU˜‰Np8,z3a=$9:37Ò<3796*D#Š‚IIå)375‚^Q 'TÕU˜ ß ‰2KR“s$=$#%9:37”

¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£®¯zµ’¥ê§ ¶ƒ¾ ¸nØ ¾4Øá½ »8Á’¾\»8º2¹5¸e» +Ä À Øe¾sS ` Í ºƒ¸ Ï ¸{Øá¸eÎ Ï ¾4Øá½ À »8Áq¾\»8º2¹I¸e» +Äg¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØi¸e»
ºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À SDxyË Z Ï À
C

c Q æ QG[^] SDxyQG[zT›] Sux` QG[zT<TRUW‰

c7[ Z^r Zsr
¸e» Q’kƒ] 2T B¸e»¨ Q Å]nme2T B?Áøe»O.¸ - À Ø{ÉJ¹A½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾8À ¿ » Ï ¸ ;¸e¾L¸eÎ ØeÁ’Î<¹ÅØnØË


Zsr Q y] S(x+Q 'Te] S x` Q  T<TRU Zsr Q Å] SDxyQ 'Te]<S x` Q J T<.T =

á‰
F  
 
C     .        4

¡a¢ ê¯zµ’¥F§w ª¡s¡ ­^¡Y Y µ

MNBO<$'9?3(ˆ=$37ˆ9:=$BC37Ò)3(F/- $=$B4)'Ò=2Õ#<'EG#<*())'Bá37-  h h Q\[^] S$TR‘ ã  h QG[^]<S$T›p2€<37$)'g'1O BC9:,z3>=$
TVU XWY[Z 

#<')37#%#<BC=$3Ì=${1@*Œ140Õ=$1^,$0$€<3;Q’kƒ]<|ÕTÒ*(1,$02u<3;Q’má]niT„ƒ*Ì- =8*(=$3:,_37#”
 

ã ã

>Q’S2TUWV Q FH…®Su` T h ã h  h c7[i…¦V:X Q FH…®Su` T h ã ã  h c€[


Y 



θ1
θ2
A

B4à$K K 
a c b

^*(Ò')08*()'B4372Š=$Õ0$1C#Ò'FQ’k8] TR‘ Q y]nmeTH=8*D#8*(- —14*~ #<*á‘()e 37#%B@*Œ)*(=8*Œ9:=$BC3$p2#%)' *Œ<B ‘ Åã

<3(I)'37$% *(€ 'ŒQ\&7#1 %9:,$143NK 7T›K ^*Ì)'37$=$BC)B+37- =${)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=A=2 ¤BC#%% #<*(<'” h
 

S ` Q ã  T ã U S ` Q J T ã ã

h Q FH…®S ` Q  T<T h ÅãÅQ FH…êS ` Q J T T h


Š=$')BC#”
<'
h U <'
+ã p

h Åã 
1@*Œ1C'‘—=2>Ma$1C1LK
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zê¯zµ ) §{Û Zá¡a­ G£ YR¡ Y’¡  áP¬ Z   £     Z^µ
\„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37i02 )'0$#%,z3 pR)37®=$'$<BC=8*(=ê=$)+*(#%à€*;1e- )e #<BC)+* 8p‘ =$'u<#<3 =$0$®*(9Œ!2B4€<
h
*(BC<1@*D=$3i=$1›va #%B437#ˆ,_37#ˆ0$$*:%0$,z'#%d8)'B4{,$0$'% *6*i1@*Œ BC#%# *2K

 
   E!
 G   4 V  ]  E   
4   ]
E4  á‰
F

n
2

n1
Γ Γ =Γ
2ext 2int 1
Ω Ω2
1
n2

B4à$K K 


1,z3D 2)B@*D1.1C)'<#<37ƒ*D- <B4)'3 I)37#%#<'<,_37$=$w*(19I/- $BC9?3~=${1@*i2#<à$/- *

PQ zTU}V7V€V Q›Ž
Ž ã O
Š… zT$c7[i… V7V€V Ž
Ž ã O
c7[
 
<3(!$#<i'1†%,8*()'B43=$>EG0$2)B43($ ¨âu$ 0$i<37 fŒhg h ‘;' Òãw )'37 ¨)37€ BCu08*—*6 #<*á&'- Õ=$ h p
—U˜‰Ì' Òã
p81@*>EG#<3(u<#<*:›vN<#%B437#ˆ=$ ÒãáK
  
 
# 
•IPQzT<‚ U €V V€V
 
?‚>… a‚>…¦V€V7V
 
6‚
 

U V€V€V $ Q4wæ zT%‚>… V€V ‚    >  caçH… V€V€V 拂 ̅ V€V ‚   >z ã ac ç
h
   
   
 
> 'ª14* $37#%96*D12eva<#<BC37#R* N>OãRR1@*‹237#<9?*(1aeva '#<B43(#R* ÒãyK“s379?*($=$3w‚Ì:f x @ Q ›T pa‚"Ù}‰
p
$ $

 h Òãáp837!2<$'9?3( h h
  


~æ "UW‰i h =  

“s3796*D$=$3?‚IIf x @ Q ÒãeT›p_‚6Ù ‰i h 2p  '$9:37

 

æ UW‰i Òã = 

‹Õn*iEG37#<9?*Œ '$9:37
'

I• PRQ OT%‚"UWV€V ‚^Q   >  æ   >z ã T$caç

‘€*"âu0$i‚;U ‰"'  Òã #  p_‘Ñ‚; )37€ BCu0$3*? $ #<*+&R'- Õh=$  h K  R237# *2pz,8*(#<*? 3a=8*:EG02$)B+37-  Hpz



fŒh'Q  h TÒ,z3a=$9:37ˆ'$)37€<# *(#g‚I'I'1<,$*()BC3:=2{<# *(!$* %3Ì)37 ¤U˜‚†Ž K "37#Š'1149?*  nK a”
  

 

$
 F Fበ 
 
C     .         4

 
 >
 UW‰a=

$

g3D 9:37Râu0$ij 8o U˜‰2pa,_37#R)37$ #%0$))'Bá37- .K R9:37Hâu0$?   %9:,$143"'„fŒhQ h ˆãeT,_#%3
$3:f ã QG=$!$BC=$3?*Ì14*($ ˆ)'08*()'B437$'Š=$wR0214# TeK

Q   

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zê¯zµC° § ^Ü­  Z_ ­  Z_­ '¡a«_Üs­ ^£  ^¡u¬ 2£ s£     Zz­  q­OÜs£ Dµ
MN*?PRQGS$TU
Y X Z QG[^] S_] S ` ] S ` T$c7[=$372=$ Z  BC$g0$8*>=$BC<)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(=? ˆ3ŒS ` <B42g0$$*>=$B4%)37^
 BCu0$B4=8*D=— yKS_] S ` <37A=8*(=8*D'5k̑máKªR1'<,8*D)B43:=$Õ #<*(!8* %3Ì%#8* -
U 䃂AIf ã jŸk8] ›Co `If ã j y]nm o `5f h jŸkƒ] mnoq]})'37;‚^Q’kNTRU}‚2`\QqkaTRUW‚^QqmeTªUW‚2`’QqmeTRU˜‰
Š=$')BC# ‚—‘A‚ ` <37A)37€<B4u08*(Š ÅK
•IPRQGS$T%‚6U V Y Q Z^r ‚>… Zsr ‚$`D… Zsr ‚2` JT$c7[i… V X Q Zsr ‚>… Zsr ‚2`(… Z^r ‚2` T$c€[


,8*(#<*>‚Ì66KRMNB8SŒ'H02?,$02u<3~)'#+/-  B4)'3$p7 3(96*(2=$3w‚"Ù}‰{:0$$3w=$g1C37B4€<#%&D*(1C37p€14*()'08*()'B437$'



=$w0$14'#Š<#$*(- &Ò*D- 14B4=$*(ÒFQqk8] 'T„‘¨Q y]nmeTH‘—,_3N=29:37ˆB4€ 'à7# *D#ˆ,z37#ˆ,$*(#%<”

•IPRQGS$T%‚6UЉ>U Zsr ‚2`7… Zsr æ c7c [ Q Z^r T  ‚
UW‰
‘€*:âu0$i‚^QqkaTªU ‚sQ’meTHU ‚ ` Q’kNTHU ‚ ` QqmeTHU}‰2K "3a=$'9?37ˆ<3796*D# ‚A;Ön*(1âu0$Œ‚ ` Q 'T„U F(pO‚^ Q TªU}‰


3Ì- B4€&7'#<<*(9?'€ {‘—37!2<$'9?37'”


j Zsr o UW‰N] Zsr æ c7c [ Q Z^r T
UЉa=


TVU¡u¬   Zž¯zµ’¥F§ˆ$)3(u<# *(#Š14*(ˆ)372=$B4)'B437$'Š=${)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=A,$*(# *

PQ zTU}V€V Z QG[^] S_] ^]  # ]  r ]  #S# ]  # r ]  r%r T$c7[_c€S

=$372=$ h ‘ Òã„%+*~)'379:3w'614*Õd$à7$0$ # *  K 2K 6‘ 3 %376=8*D=$37ª<37!$#%  Òã #  p "HfŒh' h  ŠãáK
  


g<*(#Š1 %9:,$143 K $K

    


TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z ¯zµ œ§iÛwP¬ Z_Ý YG¡N¢¤£   Z_­     Z_­  q­.Ü s£ ^¡ 6­ Z  U'£ (µ  Z_­    Z_­^¡  ^¡
¡ ’¡u¬ e²
á¬y£   ŵ
5*D14à70$237ˆ,$#<3(!$14'96*(„<w)37$%B4=$'# *Ì1OEG02$)BC378*(1


PQ’S2TUWV Y X Z QG[^] S_] Su`bT%c7[

=$372=$ÕS ` ,20$=${%#ˆ=$BC<)3(u<B4u08*AQ’,_#%3i)371L/- 9:BC 'H14*D '# *(1C TH0$,$0$€<3:BC€ #%9?'=$B43 âu0${$3
<:)3($3N)'Ì=$6*Du<9?*($3¤Q’,_37#Õ %9:,$143,$#%37!$14'96*DÕ=$?)'372d8$*(9?BC€ 3=$Ì,$14*(<9?*( Tep^3¤&D*(#%B437
,$0$€<37KHI'% {)*(<3:<{B4€<#<,2#<' *:14*ŒB4€ 'à7# *D1.)379:3$”

   E!
 G   4 V  ]  E   
4   ]
E4  F F
F

RP QGS$TU V Y5Z \Q [^] Sz]<S ` T$c7[i… V ;X Z QG[^] S_] S ` T$c7[



,8*(#<*i0$8*Ì=$B4%)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=.p$3Ì)379:3 

3  h
 V # $ Q\[^] S_] Sa`bT$c7[
x # Z


,8*(#<*i9‡*(- ˆ=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=2K



B4à$K K 
a c c0 b


Qg3D 9:37Òâu0$Õ%BOS `  B4'$‹0$$*Ì=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=6 ›xápN‘"S ` <B4'$‹0$8*Œ=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=—' Åp2€ 37^

)'{‚ ` U S ` æêS x`  x '$=$#8*?- Ñà7'$#<*(1=237‹=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=$'K"s37# 1C3? *(€ 3"%B†âu0$#%9:37 02 *(#‹028*
 #%0$)'<0$# *Õ=$Ò'<,8*D)B43 14B42+*(1u$3‹,_3a=$9:37†)'37$%B4=$'# *(#14*(EG02$)BC37$†)37Œ028*‹<3714* =$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=.K
'‹4  R$'S) R$3?<3796*D#<9:37Ò)'379:3:'<,8*D)B43Ì=${ #<*(!8* %3:*
 U ÓD‚A)'37A0$I 02- 9?'#<3Œd8$BJ 3Ì=${ *D1C 3(ˆ5‚$`;)37I‚^QqkaTRU}‚^QqmeTRUW‰NC× =
"3($=$#<'9?3()'379:3:237#<9?*Œ<37!2#< 

 ‚  U  Ž‚†Ž 
$ 


=$372=${ h %] =%==']  3 6 e : p$%37A1437ˆBCu<#&(*D1437ˆ=${)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(==$~‚A‘—=2>‚ ` Q’=2,_$=$'5=$~‚ ` T›K

8
 F F   
 
C     .         4

B4à$K K ë
a x1 x2 x3 b

 i02 <,$*()BC3Ñ$37#<9?*(=$35,z'#<3Ñ$3Ñ)'379?,214'<3êQ’1L/- 9:BC<{=$6EG0$2)B43($i' ,z3a=$#/- *(F<$'#i0$

 0$- 9:#%3:BC2d8$BJ 3Ì=$w=$B4%)37€<B4u0$B4=$*(=$ TeK ')37#%=$9:37Š<3714*(9:€ {âu0$w1@*(Š)3($=$B4)'B4372Š$)'<*(#<B4*(
 

<3(A&„*(- 1CB4=8*(„A0$I'<,8*D)B43:$37#%96*D=$3AQ’“s37#%9?*  nK 2K FyT›K

MNBS? Þ'02I,$02u<3?)'#+/-  B4)'3i=$iPp8'u<37$)'


•APRQ’S2T<‚?U  V # $ Q Z^r ‚~… Zsr ‚$` T$c7[U˜‰



,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?‚I Þ)375‚^QqkaTRUW‚^QqmeTªU˜‰2K #




Œ'EG')'<3$p7,8*(#<*g)*(=8*‹‚Œ' 1C37BC€ #&D*(1437^=$H=$B4%)37€<B4u0$B4=$*(=$=$„SO… %‚>=$,_$=2 0$- $BC)+*(9:€ 

=${S6‘—=2>‚¤Q’$3:=$ %TeKHMNB Z f h ,_3N=$'9?3(Š*(,$14BC)+*(#„1# * 378*D9?BC€ 3i0$%08*(1'I)*(=8*ÌB4€ '#%&D*(1432K


Ñ,8*(# B4)'0$1@*D#%B<3796*D9?37 ‚; Af @ j [ ]<[ oqpO=$3($=$j [ ]<[ o†'‹0$ÑB4€<#%&D*(1C36=$~)37€<B4u0$B4=$*(=

=$iS ` p.<$=2#<9:37Õâu0$ Z^r <B4'$Œ=$'x #<BC&D*( =$*" J  h QG[  ]<[  J h T‘5 1@*" J h )'08*()'Bá37- Ñ=$Ì0$1C#‹'Õ&Ò*D- 14B4=$*6 1
B4€<#%&D*(1C3$K
 =29¦*(- Ò<BzS?'ˆ0$—eva<#<9:3i143a)+*D1Lp€n*(9>!$Be'- "Ò&„*(- 1CB4=8*w1@*>%à70$2=8*Œ)'08*()B+37- —=${0$1C#” æ S ` Z^r
 BC${)'379?3Ì=$'#<BJ&(*D=8* Z #  Q\[  ]<[  J h TeK  R$37#<*:%B. 379?*(9:37Š‚5'5f x @ j[   h ]<[  J h oqp8)37;‚^QG[  T{UWß ‰2p Z
,_3N=$'9?3(BC€ à(# *(#,z3(#,$*(#%< 14*(Š=$37gB4€ 'à7# *(1C'p8<37!$#%—j [   h ]<[  os‘A%37!$#<6j [  ]<[  J h oqp_)379:3?';1
“s37#%9?* K F7p$‘"37!2 '$#'”
j Z^r o U˜‰ =
# 

†BC8*(149:€< Z # QG[^] SOQG[zT›] S ` Q\[zT<Tg'‹0$8*6EG0$2)Bá3(- Ñ)37€ BCu08*6,_37#‹,_=8*
'37pO,z37# 143? *(€ 3—%0¨BC€ à(# *(1
Š)'37€ B4u08*Np8Š=$)'B4#


j Z æ Su` Z^r o UW‰a=

# 
 
   E!
 G   4 V  ]  E   
4   ]
E4  F F 

“s$'9?37Š,$02”
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ ¯zµ )Ч ¶ƒ¾ Z ¸nØ{fih B:SOQG[zT Ä ½ À » Í8À Øe¾’ÆÉ4¸nØ Ï ¾4Øá½ À »8Á’¾\»8ºN¾ Ï ¹ Ï ¸nØ:¸e»I[ h ]%==%=']%[ ¸e»5S ` ċ¸nØ
ºa» ¸ 7Á’Î .¸ - À É À ½<¹(É Ï ¸ÌPQ’S2T~U
Y X Z QG[^] S_] S ` T$c7[.Äw½ À » S.Q’kNT{UÔk2ĈSOQqmeT{UÔ:Ä Ø À ÆÎ ¸—¸eÉÒ+ ¸nØ Í ¹a½e¾ À FÄ
C

¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØË
 

/ Q Z^r TRU Zsr Í ¹(Î%¹w[êU ß [ 

6j Zs# r o # UЉ



6j Z æ S ` Zsr o # UW‰
  


E+H»—½<¹ Ï ¹„[ ÄzØe¾zjŸS ` o U˜ ß ‰aƸe»8Á À »O½n¸nØ Zt t QG[  ] SOQG[  T›] TRU˜‰ Í ¹(Î%¹{¹(É ‹a¿º » ¸e»8Á’Î ¸S ` Q\[   T BÒS ` QG[  J T_=
 


  
# 

Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£Oµ "*(# *ˆ,$#%37!8*(#'17,$0$€<3>Q uTepy!8*D%n*ˆ0$<*(#1D 3(#<9?*Ò=$ Š37141C†,8*D# *Ò1@*„EG02$)B+37-  Zt Q\[  ] SOQG[  Te] T
A1BC€ #&D*(143i=$ed8$BC=$3?,_37#ˆS ` Q\[   TH‘—S ` Q\[  J .T = 

& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

TVU¡u¬   Zž¯zµ ) §ŠMNB

Z =2,_$=$w=$Õ&D*(#<B4*(ÒEG0$$)'B4372p8,2#<37!8*D#ˆâa02(”
F7K Q Z r TªU Zsr% ,8*D# *Œ[ UÐß [ 

# 
NK~j
Z r  o # U˜‰


2K~j æ
Z S 8 ` Z r
o # UW‰AQ’0$<*(#Š1 %'#<)'B4)BC3 2K FáTeK
 

Zá£Ñ¯zµ’¥ƒ§  *+‘:3(<# *{96*(2# *{=$,$#<3(!8*(#R  #%%0$1C *(=$3$pu,_#<3~#<'âa02B4#%g=2R$BC,Š3(-  '<BCª9¦*(- EG0$'#% '

<3(!$#<1@*ÕS_pa,_#%3~23~0$<*~14*{%à702$=8*~')08*D)Bá3(- 6=$g0$14'#KRMN* Si'18)+*(2=$B4=8*Å 3~*w,$02™ u<3>)'#+/- <B4)'3$KMN*
Q\[zT̔Hj [ ]<[ o
j[ ]<[ oH0$8*EG0$$)B+37- ¤cf @ '¤[ ‘ =$BJEG#%$)'B@*(!$1CÌ p)'37ž14*—EG3(#<9?*
<BCà70$BC€ D”   h  J h   h  J h



x i+1

xi
x −α
1

x i−1 x

B4à$K K
x i−1 xi x i+1

 F F   
 
C     .         4
™ ™
MN*ž™S.Q\[^] TIU Sz™ Q QG[zT%TeK"37#6143F *(€ ™ 3 SOQG[^] TÌ)'37B4$)'B4=$5)37 S®evN)',2 3ê)'#<)* =$;[  ™ =$372=$
SOQG[^] TU SzQG[6æ T›p8™ A,8*(#%<B4)'0$1@*(#HS.Q\[^]™ TH<B4'$Õ=$™ B4%)37€<B4u0$B4™ =$*(=[ 8 p < U˜ß è‘—[  … K



™MNBª)372<B4=2# *D9?37wzQ T~U

Y X Q\[^] SOQG[^] Te] SOQG[^] T<T$c7[^pszQ TÕ=$'!z: 2#>02ž,$0$€ 35)#/-  BC)3A



UW‰2p2,z37#ˆ1C3in*(€ 3 Z #

c€™ U˜‰~U c ™ uV # J c7[̅ V # $ c7[

c x c #  $ Z ™ # J ŒZ   x
   

 
 

‘€*Ìâu0$w<37!$#%{1#<'%<3?14*ŒB4€ 'à7# *(1O$3?=2,_$=$w=$ K

    

c€™ U j o …¦V!# 8™S …  ™ ã S 8 ™ S ™ ãS

c  x Z # #  $ Zsr  Z^r  $[   x c7[Œ…¦V # # $ Z^r  … Zsr  $[   x c€[=


 

  


   
 
  


MNB8%0$,z3($9:37Râu0$ S>Hf ã ,8*(#<*Õ[žUÐß [ 8 pa,_3a=$9:37B4€<#<)*(9Œ!$B4*(#14*(=$#%BC&D*(=8*Dpu0$ *D#ª14*Õ)0$*()B+37- 

=$w0$14'#ŠA)+*(=8*iBCu<#&(*D143i,8*(#<*iB4€ 'à7# *(#ˆ,_37#ˆ,8*D#% '‘"37!2 '$#'”
c€™ U j o … 8™S # … 8™S # $ =
c  x Z # Z^r   x #  $ Z^r   x #
      

    
     
    

™ ™
   

\„379:3 SOQG[^] TU SzQG[zT^,8*(#<*g[i&7')B423Õ*[ ‘~*g[  J h p r UЉ Œ'<37†,$0$€ 37 K r Ž U æ S ` QG[  æ TeK
 

 h
 

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”gj o æÐj

Z # Zsr S ` o # U˜a‰ = #
  

 

^*i,$#<BC9?'# *Œ)3($=$B4)'Bá37- %w3(!2 BC${)3(9?3Ì*(€<K

Zᣠ¯zµ ) § R#%9:37:®1 %9:,$143 K ë )'379:3¨02 *(#:1437i9>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D=$37#<'Œ=$ ^*(à7# *D$à7—,8*(#<*

37!2<$'#Š19:B4<9:3i#<'<0$1Jn*(=23$K
TVU¡u¬   Zž¯zµC° 2 § T á¬y¡aX¢ Z   Z_­    Z_­  ’­.Ü  ^£ ^¡ Ì¡a­ YG£  ¡u«_Ü­ s£  ^¡a¬  $£ ^£ (µ
MNB'I0$A,$#%37!$14'96*Œ,$*(# *i1.EG02$)BC378*(1
VÌY X Z Q\[^] S_] Sa`C] Su` T$c€[
<‹*(=$9:BC '6=$BC<)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(=$'Ò—14*(„%à702$=8*(Ò=2#<BJ&D*(=8*(Ò'—,$0$€ 3(Ò$3>d %3(Ò€ #%Õki‘"máp2,2#<37!8*D#
âu0$g*(=$9¦*(- R=$1@*(R=$3(H)'37$=$BC)B43($R=$'1_ %9:,$143 K 2Cp R8*+‘Ì0$8*Õ '#<)'# *w)372=$B4)'Bá37- :=$Š)37€<B4u0$B4=$*(=
=8*(=$*Ì,_37#'”
jS ` Z^r æ Z o UW‰a= 

#<37!$*(#Š%<3?=2w14*(Ò=$3(9?*($'# *(Š%B4à70$BC€ '”

"
*€T \„37A1@*i%à70$2=8*:')08*D)Bá3(- I=$w0$1C#ˆ=$'1%#%)BC)B43 ë K 2K
 
  
        4       F F ë
!ƒT g<*($=$3:1@*><# *(2%EG37#%96*()'Bá37- —=2w14*Œ$3( * K F7K


MNÕ&7'#8*(- I=$37Š9?*($#<*(ˆ9¦*(- ˆA1 %#<)'B4)'B43 K K

                 !    ! 
 


\„379:3~1C3Õ&NBC9?3(6'1ƒ“'37#<'96* nK $K 2pN%BPRQ’S2Tep  QGS$T›]%=%=%=e]  ‹QGS$T%37?EG0$2)B43(8*(14')37?=$#%BC&D*(=8*D

=$8#a'- )SR$'>QG3:=2#<BJ&D*(=8*(ˆ=$A b0*Dd <+*(0Nv"A0$8*Œ&7')h BC$=8*(=A=$ÕS(xp$)37€<B4u08*(ŠS",$*(# *Œ)*(=8*:‚d %3€T


€<37$)'"¦0$¦,$02u<3ž)#/- <B4)3¨S(x?=$¤P˜)3($=$B4)'B437$*(=$3¨,z37#  Q’S2T—U ‰NpÒevNB4 '‡)372%n*Du< _p

h %] =%=%='] gp823Ì<3N=$*(‰2p2n*D14ˆâu0$D”


2•IPQ’S(xeT%‚>…   •   Q’S(xnT<‚"UW‰ =


R#%9:37ŠAn*Ì<)')B+37- A&D*(#%B@*(Š*D,$14BC)+*()'B437$'Ò=${ {#<'<0$1Jn*(=23$K



TVU¡a¢XWY[Zž³.µ’¥F§ w£ Y Zƒ¬y¡  W¬PZ W  Z  s¡Y YG£ WY’£ ’£8­Z^µ

MN*5PRQ zTU

Q  ã …  ã Tc7[_cuS_p ÑU ‰"  ‹p)37$=2B4)BC378*(=23",z3(#6Q zTU

 ã c€[_c€SÌæ FŒU ‰2K


 âu0./ - ” r

 
#

N•IPRQ OT%‚>… • ?Q zT%‚6U  V€V Q
 
?‚>… z‚ƒT%c7[_c€SiU  V7V Q æ ̅ zT%‚gc7[_c€S
   

‘€*Ìâu0$>‚6UW‰i  ‹K 
 

“s$'9?37iæ ?…  U ‰? ‹KŒMaB 5U ‰Np.€ 3($)' ÑU ‰2p. ‹p.‘I$3<>,$0$=2:)'0$9:,$14BC#g14*

)3($=$B4)'Bá37- =${$3(#<9?*(14B +*()'Bá37- .K "3(#1C3Œn*(€<3 5=$!_{ *D<B4%E’*D)#'”
    

U ‰Õ æ i…  
 U ‰Õ 
 

 1.&D*(1C37#Ò,$#%37,$B43i=2 —p8)'37I)'37$=$BC)B+37- =$A'‹B4#<BCS) R$14eÒ' ‹K Qg3(<9:37ˆâu0$

 

‰wU V€V Qæ i… zT ‹c7[_c€S>U V7V Q›Ž
Ž ã …  ã T$c€[_c€S_]
  

,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3Ì$)'<BJn*(9:37 !‡‰Ì,8*(#<*i<$'#Š0$8*Ì<371C0$)B+37- *(1,$#%37!$14'96*Œ)'37žÙ}ß ‰2K


 

TVU¡a¢XWY[Zž³.µ ) §  Zz­  [Z_­s¡ i­^£ yÜ^¬Å£ Y’¡ (µ

"3a=$'9?37,_$<*(#g'1^,$#<37!2149?*i=${EG#<37€ '# *Ì14BC!$#<Õ)'379?3:1^%B4à70$BC€ {,$#%37!$1C9?*Ì)'37$=$BC)BC378*(=$35Q’=2
9?*($#<*i0$I,_3a)3:*(#%<BCd8)'B@*(1@TeK \„37$%B4=$'#<9:37Š1.EG02$)BC378*(1
PQ’S_]<[ h TRU !V Y # $ Z Q\[^] Sz]<Sa`bT$c7[
F F  
 
C     .         4

B4à$K K F
a b b+1


=$372=$?SÑ'%8*5- Ffih'jŸk8]nm҅ Foqp)'37F$3(#<9?*êŽRŽ h KMNBR 29:37~028*AEG0$2)Bá3(- ¤=$ed8$BC=8*I' jŸkƒ] mnoqp†%

eva<B42=$>1CB4$*(149:€ {*:0$8*?EG02$)B+37- 5'êjlk8]nm… Fo†”NS.Q\[zT„U}SOQqmeT^… S ` QqmeTQ\[—ã æêmeTepz,8*(# *Ì[ ˜máKˆ[ h
ƒ*Ì- Fjlk8]nm… Foqp$)3(I$3(#<9?*ю [ h Ž K Z QG[^]<Sz] T„<{eva BC$=2>*AjŸkƒ] m… Fo   1CB4$*(149:€ D”


Z QG[^] S_] TU Z Q’my]<Sz] T… Z # Qqmá] S_] TQ\[6æžm'T›]g,$*(# *Œ[ ‡mP=
  

LQ \„3(9?3;%6&7'#8*; - ' 1„#%%0$1C *(=$3Ñn*(>eva '$<BC37$i23ÑB4 80N‘7Op,z37#~1435 *(€ 3;%—,$0$'=$6 3(96*(#

)0$*(14âu0$BC#Ò BC,z3i=2w›va 2<Bá3(- ;fŒh›K T
"3($=$#<'9?3(14*i)37$=2B4)B+37- 

6QGSz]%[ h TRUœ[ h æêmˆUWa‰ =

37Õ=$37ÕEG0$2)B43(8*(14'Õ<37¨€<37$)'~=2BCEG#%$)'B@*(!214 =$ ƒ#a- )SR$ew¤f h jŸk8]nmª… Fo   

p <B<Ì%0$,z3($
âu0$ Z # Q’my]<Sz] T„fihnK

I02I,$02u<3?)'#+/-  B4)'3i)372=$B4)'B4378*D=$3Œ '$=$#<'9?3(”

™ ™
™ 2 I
•
 
P ’
Q _
S <
] [ h 
T q
Q .
‚ ] 
T … • ?
 ’
Q _
S <
] [ h TUW‰

T L
Q .
‚ ]
,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3IQL‚.] T„'5fŒh'jŸk8]nm… F'o   p8)37I‚^QqkaTRUW‰2KR=$)'B4#'”
™ ™

V #%$ Q ‚>… 2
‚ J
` $
T 7
c >
[ … Ž … ˜
U ‰
‘€*Ìâu0$


Y Zsr Z^r Z #%$

™ ™
V Y # $ J Z c7[6æ !V Y # $ Z c7[U Z QG[ h ] S.Q\[ h Te]<Sa`@QG[ h T%T … NQ›Ž ŽT.=


  
        4       F F

™ ™
Qg3D 9:37ˆâu0$ ¨U˜ ß ‰i‘7*?âu0${=${143Ì)'37€ # *D#<B432p$1@*Œ#%1@*D)Bá3(-  UW‰AQ’)'37 U˜ß ‰€TÒB49:,$1CB4)+*D#+/- * UW‰2p
,_#<3¨143(iB4$)'#<9:€<37Ìê[ h =$'!z'™ ¦<'#6*D#<!$BJ # *D#<B43(K "s37#Ì143Ñn*(€<3¤,_3N=29:37i=$BC&aBC=$B4#Œ,_37# zpH3


<02,z372#Šâu0$ "&D*(14!F(K“379?*($=23 U˜‰i‘"0$ *(2=$3?14*Œ)372=$B4)'Bá37- —[ h æêmˆU˜‰2p$<$'9?3(



VÌY X Q Z^r ‚>… Zsr ‚ ` T$c7[—UW‰

,8*(#<*w<3N=$3>‚66fihejlk8]nm_…*FoqpN)'37—‚^QqkaTRU˜‰NpN'6,8*(#  BC)0$14*(#,8*(#<*w 3a=$3>‚66f x @ jŸk8]nm oL”,_37#R143{n*Du<3
Zsr ' f h p8)3(I=$'#<BJ&(*D=8* Zsr c p$‘—,_3N=$'9?3(ˆB4€ 'à7# *(#ˆ,_37#ˆ,8*D#% '” ™ ™
V Y X Z^r æ c7[ Q Z^r T  ‚8c7[Œ… Zsr ‚Ž XY … Z Qqmá] SOQqmeTe] Su`@QqmeT<T … UЉ

Š=$')BC#”
™
™ Z^r Qqmá] SOQqmeT›] Sa`@QqmeT%T<‚^QqmeT^…WQ Z Q’my]<S.Q’m'T›] Su`\Q’m'T%T… T UW‰ ™

,8*(#<*:<3N=$35QL‚.] TŠ'ÑfŒh'jlk8]nmR… Fo   p_)37;‚sQ’kaTÒU ‰2Kˆ“3(96*(2=$3—‚^QqmeT>U ß ‰2p U ‰2p_37!2<$'9?3(g14*

)3($=$B4)'Bá37- # %$*D 0$#<*(1 

Zsr Qqmá] SOQqmeTe] Su`@QqmeT<TRUW‰a=

™
\„379:3 *(#<!2BC #<*(#<BC3$pa37!2 '$9:37ˆn*D9Œ!$Be'- 1.&D*(143(#Ò=$19>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D=$37#
U æ Z Qqmá] SOQqmeT›] Sa`@QqmeT%T.=
¡a¢ ž³.µC° §2T á¬y¡a¢XZ¤¢XZ  Y ZƒÝ¬y¡ÑÜs­^£ €Ü^¬ $£.§  Z_­    Z_ ­^¡ á¬y£8­ _¡u¬ £ Y  ^£ Rµ
1€ %'9?,$1C3Š*(€ '#<B43(#^0$w)+*(%3g,8*D#% BC)0$14*(#.=$'1€<BCà70$B4'€ ,$#%37!$14'96*NK$)'37€ #<*(#^1437.,20$€ 37s)#/-  BC)37
TVU XWY[Z

=$ Y Z QG[^] S_] S ` T$c7[I=$37$=${'1eva #%9:3?%0$,z'#<BC37#Ò[ h %{9Œ0$'&(~%37!$#%~0$$*Ì)'0$#%&D*ÌSÌU „QG[ h TeK



#%$ 

\„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37Š'u<37$)'1.EG0$$)'B437$*(1

PQ’S_]<[ h TU}V Y #%$ Z Q\[^] SOQG[zTe]<Sa`4QG[zT%T$c7[

=$ed8$B4=23—<37!$#%ifŒh'jlk8]nmª… no   p.=$3($=$ {Õ%02d8)BC€ '9?'€ ià7#<*($=$Œ,$*(# *6âu0$ÌmR… w<*"96*+‘73(#
âu0$"'1H[ h p)*($=$BC=8*D 3;*5,$0$€ 3Ñ)'#+/-  B4)'3$K  âu0/-  *(9Œ!$Be- ž%"eva<B42=$ 14*(~EG0$2)B43($Œ=2"96*D$#<*

14BC$+*D1LpN*(+/- )'379?3 Z p$,8*(#<*Œ[ ¦[ h ”

QZ G[^] ÒQ\[ h T8… DQG[>æ5[ h Te] TU Z QG[ h ] ÒQG[ h T8… (Q\[>æI[ h Te] 'T8… Z # QG[ h ] „QG[ h T8… (Q\[>æ;[ h T›] T'QG[~æ5[ h .T =
  

\„379:3ÌS.Q’kNTUœ|>p8'1<,$*()BC3?=$Õ<# *(!8* %3:%#$*2- ”

 F F  
 
C     .        4

y y= ϕ(x1)

x
a b x1 b+c

B4à$K K 


™
QL‚.] ªT ;f h jŸk8]n™ m… no   ]›‚^QqkaTRUW‰2™ ]Š)'37$37#<9?*

 Qq‚] T  U֎‚†Ž Y J … Ž Ž =

$ X

 

^*i)37$=2B4)B+37- <'#8*2- ”


?Q’S_]<[ h TRUÐSOQG[ h T†æ „QG[ h .T = 

€ 37$)'
™ ™ ™ ™
?Q’SՅ ‚.]<[ h … Tæ ?Q’S_]<[ h T U SOQG[ h … T…¦‚^QG[ h … T†æ ÒQ\[ h … T 
æ SOQG[ h T… ÒQG[ h TU ™  ™
™ U G
Q a
S @
` G
Q [ h †
T æ s \
` G
Q [ h %
T T ¦
… ^
‚ \
Q [ h 
T … NQ  QL‚.] T  T

<B fŒh›KgQq1.N'- #<9:B4$3:‚ ` QG[ h T 'Š=$~3(#<=$' aK T



\„379:3ÌA1%'#<)'B4)BC3Ì*(€ '#<B43(#p$'I0$A,$0$€<3?)'#+/ - <B4)'3Ì<$=2#<9:37

™  ™


V™ Y #%$ Q Z^r ‚~… Z^r ‚ ` T$c7[i… Z Ž  … Q’S ` Q\[ h T†æ ` Q\[ h T<T …¦‚^QG[ h T  U˜‰


,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3IQL‚.] T„'I'1%,8*() BC3?=2{<# *(!$* %#%3$$ K

™
“s3796*D$=$3 U ‰‘¤‚F'žf x @ jlk8]<[ h o<$=2#<9:37wâu0$ Z^r '>fŒhÕ)'37F=$'#<BJ&(*D=8* Zsr ‘ ,z3a=$'9?37
B4€<à7#<*(#ˆ,z3(#ˆ,8*(#%<'”
 

™ ™


Z^r Z>
‚ …  … ~
‚ … ’
Q u
S
u
` æ s –
` T Ž
 W
U ‰ a =
#%$

  
        4      F F
™ ™


“s3796*D$=$3 UW‰2pƒ‚^Q\[ h T{UÐß ‰2p$‘—=$'<,$0H-  UÐß ‰2p_‚^QG[ h TUW‰Np$37!2<$'9?37'”



sZ r …… QGŽ #%Sa$ `7UÐæ ‰ s`–TᎠU˜‰a=

'‹Õ1@*i,$#%B49:#<*Œ)0$*()B+37- .p8âu0$=$*:)'1@*(#%3:âu0$
Z 


UWß ‰2p2‘"<0$#% BC$ <02‘7'$=$3 A1@*Œ<'à70$$=$*: '$9:37'”

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ê³.µq¥ê§ +H» ¸eÉR½<¹ÅØ À—Ï ¸>ºN» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Á’¾L½ ÀÏ ¸>PRQGS$T̽ À » Ï ¾L½e¾ À »_¹ ÏaÀ{Í8À Î̸eÉ ¸n½ 8À ʺƒ¸g[ h
¸nØeÁ_w¿¹ Ø À ÆÎn¸ÉJ¹?½eºaÎ_1Ź ÒQG[ h TU˜S8ÄØe¾ Z B Z # Ø À »ÌfŒhÕ¸e»iSB:¸e» Ä œ¸nØHfŒhÕ¸e»Œ[.ÄH¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØÕ¸eÉ Í ºN»8Á À
½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À ع(Á’¾4ØG¼'¹a½n¸{ÉJ¹¸n½eº2¹a½e¾8À ¿ » Ï 4¸ +HºaÉ4¸eÎ>Ë
  

c Q T†æ UЉ¨¸e» jŸkƒ]%[ o

c7[ Zsr Zsr h
B:ÉJ¹A½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾8À ¿ » Ï ¸wÁ’Î<¹(»2.Ø 1(¸eΠع(É ¾ Ï ¹ Ï ¸e»"[ Ë
h
Z QG[ h ]<S.Q\[ h Te]<S ` QG[ h T%T†æ Zsr Q\[ h ] S.Q\[ h T›] S ` QG[ h T%TQGS ` QG[ h T†æ ` QG[ h T%TUWa‰ =


"3(# %9:,$143$py%B QG[^]<Sz] TU %6Q\[^] S2TQ F7…

ã T h ã )'37" %?QG[^] S2T UWß ‰NpD14*Š)'37$=$BC)B+37- ~=2ª<# *($&7'#< *D14B4=$*(=
'” 
Z 

FH…®S ` QG[ T ` QG[ TRUЉ


h h
>=$)'B4#>14*AEG0$2)Bá3(- ž)#/-  BC)+*AS.Q\[zT{'Œ37#%<37à737$*(1ª*51@*A)0$#&(* „QG[zTw'ž[ h K;%<3ÑŒ'1H)*(<3Ñ' 1437
,$#%37!$14'96*Dˆ=${,z379:,8*(ˆ=2 <*D!Š37- .K


Zᣘ³.µ’¥W§ ‹<# *;9?*($'# *;=$—'$)37€<# *(#i14*;)37$=2B4)B+37- ž=$"<# *(2%&7'#<<*(14BC=8*(=êƒ*Ñ - !8*(<*(=8*;ê14*

B4=2+*i=$Õ'&aBJn*(#ˆ'1.9Œ0$1J B4,214B4)*(=$37#ª0$<*($=$3:0$8*i#<'=$0$)')Bá3(- I*i0$$*Ì%371@*Œ&D*(#%B@*(!$1CiQGŠ=$)'B4#ˆ02<B41CB +*D#„1


 '37#<'96*=$:1@*"EG0$$)'Bá37- ¤B49:,$14BC)BJn*?=2B4#<')' *(9?'€ áT›K—%<?,$#%3N)'=$BC9?BC€ 32ps9¦*(- {)1+*(- <BC)3$p<B42?=$3(

B42)37€&7'$B4'€ '”>#%âu0$B4'#<:=$:0$8* R$B4,Š3D-  %B4{=$Ì0$$BC)BC=8*(=¨=$Ì0$F,$#%37!$1C9?*"=$?,20$€ 35)'#+/-  B4)'3¨Q’1C3
)0$*(1z23>H37!€&aB43Œ*Du<H=$g&(#„14*(ª)37$=2B4)BC37$'H%02d8)BC€ '„‘:H=$BCE/- )B412=$g&(#<BJd8)+*D#nT‘?'„!8*D%n*Du<
37%)0$#%3$pz)'37;14*Ì,_37%B4!$BC14B4=$*(=—=$>'âu0$BC&(3N)*(#<%(K MN0$,_37$=$#%9:37g,20$gâa02>1s,$#%37!$14'96*Ì=$w$)'37€ #<*(#
0$A,$0$€ 3:)#/- <B4)3i=21.EG0$$)'B437$*(1
PQ’S2TU V Y #%$ Z QG[^]<Sz] S ` T$c7[
 BC$:0$8*I<371C0$)B+37-  0$- 2B4)+* ,8*(#<*I)+*D=8*A[ h &()BC$3Ñ*(1R)*($=$BC=8*D 3 [ h ‘¨S.Q\[zTÕ&()'B48* QG fŒh<TÕ=$614*
EG0$$)'Bá37- Ì)'#+/- <B4)* SOQ\[zTepu)3(?14*()372=$B4)'B437$'?1@* EG#<3(u<#<*wSOQqkaTU˜|~puS.Q\[ h TU ÒQ\[ h TeK 14*(96*D#<9:37
*in*Ì<371C0$)B+37- .p$,_# 2)BC€ ~*i0$8*iE’*(9:B414B4*w=2~%37140$)'B4372ˆB42=$ev2*(=8*D,_37#Ò[ h pƒ*iSOQG[^]<[ h T›K

 F (‰  
 
C     .         4

y y (x, x1)
ϕ1

−
y(x)
A π/2

x
a b x −
x x1
1

B4à$K K 


3(#1C3Œn*(€<3
"

S.Q\[ h ]<[ h T U ÒQ\[ h T


SOQqk8]<[ h T U |
S.Q\[^] [ h T U SzQG[zT_= 

MN0$,_37$=2#<9:37*(=$'9‡*D- ˆâa02~SOQG[^]<[ h T„gf ã KªMa+*Ì€ 372)

OQ\[ h TRUWV Y #%$ Z D[^] S.Q\[^]<[ h Te] $ [ QGS.Q\[^]<[ h T<T  c7[=
\„379:36SOQG[^]<[ TŠ' 0$8*:E’*(9?BC14B4*Œ*(=$9:B4%B4!$1CÕ=$~EG0$2)B43($,8*(#<*?1s,$#%37!$14'96*Np_zQ\[ TŠ=2!_> '$#g0$
,$0$€<3:)'#+/-  B4)'3Œh  [ h Q’02A›va #<'9?3i')+*(%3:=2Õâa02 SOQ\[zT„<*Ì02A›va #<'9?3i,$*(# *Œ'1.h ,$#<3(!$14'96*€T›KV"3(#
143Œ *(€ 3$”
c€ Q [ TRU˜‰~U V # $  8S …  ã S c7[i… Ž =
c7[ h h Y Zsr $[ h Zsr $[ h $[ # $  Z # $





ã
 R237# *Ì)379:3:S—‹f pƒ,_3N=$'9?3(BC€ #%)+*(9>!$B@*(#ˆ14*(Š=$#%BC&D*(=8*Dg)'375#%<,_)e 3—*i[ ‘A*i[^K  =$'9‡*D- 
h
SzQG[zTÒˆ *(9Œ!$Be- 0$A,$0$€ 3:)#/-  BC)3AQG0$I›va #<'9?3€T„,8*(# *Ì1,2#<37!$1C9?*
6QGS$TU V #$ QG[^] S_] S ` T$c7[
)3(wSOQqkaTUœ|>pÅS.Q [ h TRU ÒQ [ h TeK "37#1C3Òn*(€<3 ZsY r Q\Z[^] SzQG[zTe] S ` QG[zT<TO'^fihepy)'37{=$#%BC&D*(=8* Z^r Q\[^] SzQG[zT›] S ` QG[zT%TeK
"3a=$'9?37ŠBCu<à7#<*(#ˆ,_37#ˆ,8*(# ˆ‘—3(!2 '$#'”

 
  
        4       F F

uc  Q [ TUW‰wU Ž …  Q’SOQG[^] [ T<TᎠ#  #$ =

c7[ h h Z #%$ sZ r $[ h h #  Y
\„379:36SOQqk8]<[ T„U |~pz'u<37$)' Q’SOQqk8]<[ h T<TÒU ‰2K\„379:3?SOQG[ h ]%[ h TÒU „QG[ h Tep_€<37$)' ` QG[ h TÒU


h   

r# QG[ h ]<[ h T… #%r $ QG[ h ]%[ h TeK "3(#1C3in*(€ 3

 
  %
# $

 SOQG[^] [ TyŽ U s G
` Q [ †
T æ 8S Q [ ] [ T
8[ h h


h 8[ h h
# #%$
U ` Q [ h T†æ S ` Q [ h _T =


 ‹!2 '$9:37Š€<37$)'g14*i)37$=2B4)B+37- —=$Õ #<*($&7#% *(1CB4=8*D=.K

TVU¡u¬  Zž³µ’¥ž§‹MNB1C37Š=$37geva #%9:37 =$wB4€<à7#<*()B+37- A&D*(#/ - *(A<3(!$#<~1@*()0$#&D*( S?U xyQG[ƒxeT›pƒS"U
hSOQG[ƒQ\[x›T†h Teæ pN$xá)'QG37[ƒ€xe T# UW*D#ˆ‰€,zTH37‘"#H,z1z379ê#ˆe'- 13a9ê=$3Œe-  =$3aÕ=$3Ì9Œ=$02{1C 1@BC*Œ,$14$BC)+3D*(n=2*237p8#<14'*( ÒQ[=$R837*+Š‘6)'02378$*Œ=$BC))37B43(2$=$B4)'ŠBá=$37- "Õ9¦#<*(*(- $'”&7w#%xá Q’*(S_1C]<B4=8[ƒ*Dx+]<=.[ K h TU




y
y= ϕ0 (x 0 ) y= ϕ1 (x 1 )

B4à$K K 


¡a¢ ž³.µ ‡§  Üs¬ $£ :¡a­ á¬y¡ Z  +ÜW¡u¬ ’¡ (µ
MN0$,_37$à7*(9?3(ˆâa02w14*(ˆ<02,z'#%d8)'B4ƒ*(- A=8*(=$*(Š,z37#
TVU XWY[Z

[ƒxÒU xyQ’S_] T›]˜[ h U h GQ Sz] T    

F 
  
 
C     .        4

x1 = ϕ1 (y,z)

x 0 = ϕ0 (y,z)

x
x0 x1

B4à$K K ë


^*(—)02#%&D*(œ1 <,$*()BC3®%37Ð=$Ñ1@*FEG37#%96*‡QG[^] SOQG[zT›] QG[zT%T?‘ <Ñ!20$<)*®0$œ,$02u<3 )'#+/ -  B4)'3ž=$'1

EG0$$)'B437$*(1 

PQ’S_] TU}V #%$ Z Q\[^] S.Q\[zTe] QG[zTe]<Sa`@QG[zT›] `’Q\[zT<T$c7[

  

=$372=$Õ[ƒx =$'!z{n*(#Š%37!$#<{14*Ì%0$,_#%#d$ )B4Õ[ƒxÒU ÒQGSz] TH‘"[ h %37!$#%~14*Œ3( #<*Ì%0$,_#%d$)B4DK

 

†va 2=$#%9:37{=$Ìa02'&73A1@*D EG0$$)'B437$'ÕS.Q\[zTe] QG[zT 14BC$+*D149:€ ~=$i)+*(=$*14*(=$3"=2Œn*(1†EG3(#<9?*6âu0$

,_3N=8*D9?37w 379?*(#~1È/- 9:BC<{d %37Ìkё máK MaB Z $3Ñ'%8*Ñ- ‘7*Ñ=$'d82B4=$3 ˜jŸk8]nm o   yp143Ñ›vN<$=29:37


14BC$+*D149:€ ÌQG 3:#<âu0$BC#%wâu0$ Z # %+*:fih„Ik?‘—'5meTeKR“s# *D *(#<'9?3(ˆ€ 372)1.EG02$)BC378*(1q”

PQ’S_] ]<[ƒx]<[ h TU V #%$ Z QG[^]<Sz] ] S ` ] ` T$c7[

  

)3($=$B4)'B437$*(=$3i,_37#” # 

wxÅQGSz] ]<[ƒx+]<[ h TªUœ[ƒxHæ sxÅQ’SOQG[ƒxnT›] Q\[ƒxT%TUW‰ 

 h QGSz] ]<[ƒx+]<[ h TªUœ[ h æ h Q’SOQG[ h T›] Q\[ h T%TUW‰
 


 '1%,8*()BC3Af h jŸk8]nm o ¨f h jŸk8]nm o     p)37 1@*"237#<9?*¤ŽŽ h '¤14*(‹)'379?,_37$'€ {f h ‘;'1†&D*(1437#
 

*(!$%37140N 3Ì   K


\„379:3

™ ™
  Q’S … ™‚.]  … &z]%[ƒx… ]<™ [ h … h T†æ  ™  Q’S_] ]%[ƒx+]<[ ™h T ™ 

U  æ  Q’SOQG[  …  T… ‚^QG[  …  T›] QG[  …  T

… &.QG[  …  T<T
 

æ  Q’SOQG[  Te] Q\[  T<T 

™   ™ ™
 

U  æ ƒS Q’SOQG[  Te] QG[  T%TQ’S ` QG[  T  … ‚sQ\[  T<T†æ  Q ` QG[  T 

… &.QG[  T%T


 




  
        4      F  
™


… NQ›Ž‚Ž ™ h … Ž &^Ž h … Ž  ŽŸT

‘€*Ìâu0$w1.N'- #<9:B4$3:‚ ` QG[  T  'g=${37#%=$ NK
^*i#<14*()B+37- 
™ ™ h ™ ™
 2•IPQ’S_] ]<[ƒxá]<[ h TQL‚.] &_] x] h Ts… x  •   Q’S_] ]<[ƒx]<[ h TQq‚] &z] x+] h TUW‰



 

=8*
™ ™
+V!#%$ Q Z^r ‚~… Z^r ‚ ` … Zt &w… Zst & ` T$c7[i… Z Ž h æ Z Ž  x  …
™ ™ ™ #%$


# 
h
…  x  Q  æ  r QGSa`  … ‚_T†æ  t Q `  …
&$T<TᎠU˜‰ =

#

 

# 

™ ™
“s3796*D$=$3 xÒU U}‰Np &?Ù ‰NpO‚A;f @ j [ƒxá]<[ os)37;‚—Ù ‰Ìžjlk8]<[ƒx o j[ ]nm o^‘—=$'<,$0H- {‚Ù ‰
‘;'1)3(#<#<'<,_37$=$BC€h   &_p. 2=$#<'9?37Õâu0$x Zsr h {fŒhg QG[ƒx+]%[ h Tg)37 =$ '#<BJ&(h*D=8* Zsr p Zst wfŒh
FQG[ƒxá]%[ h Tep8)'37I=2#<BJ&D*(=8* Zt ‘—,_3N=$'9?3(ˆB4€ 'à7# *(#„,z37#Š,8*D#% 'Š1@*ŒB4€<à7#<*(1O‘—37!N 2#Š,8*(#<*:'141@*N”
  

.Q Z^r ‚Œ… Zst &2TyŽ # $ =



\„379:3̂‘ &6<37—BC$=$',z'$=$B4'€ 'p8,z3a=$'9?37™ H 379?*(#<1C37ª)37—&D*(143(#<„‰>‘ FÕ'[ƒxˆ‘?[ ‘:&aB4)''&7'#<<*2p

,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3Ì)+*(=8*iE’*()e 37#ˆ=$~‚^QG[  Tep &.Q\[  Tep  =$'!z{<'# ‰Np$,8*(#<*ÌèUW‰Œ‘ F(K h


Zsr ææ hh hh r ŽŽ #%$ UWUЉ2‰2]] Zsr … x x r Ž #  UW‰

  

Zt … x x t Ž #%$ UW‰
 

Zt


t# 

 …Z h Q Fˆæ h r Su`€æ h t `JTyŽ U˜‰N] Z æ xyQ FŠæ x r Sa`uæ x t `JTyŽ  U˜‰ =

     
# $ #

MNB IU‰:‘ x6U ß ‰2pO,_37#  %9:,$1432pz&7'9?3(p.=$>1@*(g)0$*()BC37$ ;[ƒxáp.âu0$ sx U x U‰61436)08*(1

)3(u<# *(=2B4){14*> #%)'# *Ì)0$*()B+37- .K"3a=$9:37Š,_37#ˆ143Œ *(€ 3:=$BC&aB4=2B4#„,_37# "‘—<02,zr 372#âat 02 "&D*(14!F(K
  
 

MNB‹#%n*(9:37"=$Ñ14*¤ '#<)'# * ')08*()'Bá37-  QG [ h T614*F,$#<BC9?'# *F9>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D=8*Ñ,z37#6S ` p‘¦1@*F%à702$=8*

9Œ0$1J BC,$14BC)+*(=8*w,z3(# ` p837!2<$'9?3(”


Z ææ uSSu`` sZ r ææ `` Zst ŽŽ #%$ UU æ x%= h

Z Zsr sZ t # 
F    
 
C     .        4

Ûw¬ Z WVZ    Z_ ­¦³µ’¥¨§ _¸e» Ï Î ¸.- À Ø>¸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ{ÉJ¹Å،½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï ¸{Á’Î%¹(»2Ø.1(¸eΠع(É ¾ Ï ¹ Ï
… Q ž
æ S ` æ ` á
T Ž Ð
U 2
‰
Zsr …  r Q Z æ Su` Zsr æ ` Zt TyŽ # U˜‰2] èUЉ2]%F

  R
] †
è ˜
U 2
‰ ]
%F


Zst 
t Z Z^r Zt # 

½ À »;ÉJ¹ÅØi¸n½eº2¹a½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï 4¸ +HºaÉ4¸eÎ



c Q Tæ UW‰2] c Q T†æ UЉ ¸e» Q\[ƒxá]<[ T.=

c7[ Z^r Zsr c7[ Zt Zt h
Qg3D 9:37Òâu0${14*Œ$37#<9?*(1O*Œ1@*Œ<02,z'#%d8)'B4‹[:æ Q’S_] TUW‰Œ'~Q F7]+æ ]+æ T ‘6âu0${1@*~ *($à7'u<
*614*6)0$#&D*":Q F(] S ` ] ` T =$> *(1†9:3a=$36âu0$ Fgæ  S `  r æ `  t Õ'1† ,$r #%3N=20$ )'t <3—<)*(1@*D# =$Œ1C37‹=$3(
   


&7')'<37#<'K„MNB Z Ž U˜ß ‰Ì1@*Œ)'0$#%&D*:*D #<*á&aBC *Ì*Ì1@*Œ%0$,z'#%d8)'B4?QG&(#1@*><#<)'#<*:')08*()'Bá37- 8TeK

   


#
TVU¡u¬   Z¤³.µ ) E § \„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37Š'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1


PQ’S_] TU !V x # $ Q’Su` ã … ` ã … DS T$c7[

 

)3(ISOQq‰€T†UW‰wU Qq‰7TeK


F7K$)'37€ # *D#—1437?,$0$€ 37)'#+/ - <B4)'3760$<*($=$3ê14*(6)'37$=$BC)B43($"$*D 0$#<*(14'" [ K Š<3(1C&7'#—1@*(

')08*()'B4372Š=$w0$14'#p8!$0$%)+*(2=$36')08*()'B4372Š,8*(#<*ÌSՅ ‘—S>æ K 
h 

NK$)'37€ # *D#6143(:,20$€ 37?)#/ -  BC)37:0$ *D$=$3F14*(:)37$=2B4)BC37$'?=$A #<*($%&(#% *(1CB4=8*(=  1,$1@*(23

[—UÐ[ h K
2K&D*(140$*($=$3¨1#<'<B4=20$3F,8*D# *ÑEG0$$)BC37$'ÑQL‚.] &2TÌ*D=$B4)'B4378*D=8*(IQ’,_$<*(#6'¦%$37:‘®)37%$37 T
,$#%37!8*(#Hâu0$Õ1437H,$0$€ 3(Ò)#/-  BC)37H$)'37€ #<*(=$37ˆ$3><37—$Bz9I/- $B49:37R$Bz9‡*Å- vNBC9?37R%Bz[ h  O
NK
"#<3(!8*(#‹âu0$i,8*D# *?[ ! O
 R8*+‘50$Ñ<371C3—9I/ - $B49:3i‘;âu0$i,8*D# *?[ U O
 R8*+‘50$8*6E’*(9:B41CB@*
=${9I/- $BC9?3(K h h
¡u¬ A³.µC°¨§  ,214B4)*(#14*()372=$B4)'B437$'=$ˆ #<*($%&(#% *(1CB4=8*(=Ì=$Š14*‹,$#<37,_37%B4)B+37-  K F*(12EG0$$)'B437$*(1L”
TVU   Z

PRQ’S_] TU˜V #%$  Q\[^] S_] TQ FH…®Su` ã … ` ã T h ã c€[

  

‘—=8*D#ˆ0$8*ÌB4€ '#<,$#%'n*D)Bá3(- Aà(379ê'- <#<B4)*Œ=$1#%%0$1C *(=$3$K

# 

TVU¡u¬   Z;³µ ®§ Š%371C&(#Ò'1O,$#%37!$14'96*{=$'1O %'9?,2143 K Œ)'37"1z9êe-  3a=$3>=2‹1@*w$3(n* K F(p2„=$)'B4#p
<02,z372B42=$3Fâu0$IevNB4 5028*¨E’*(9:B41CB@*A=$5%37140$)'B4372:*(1Š,$#<3(!$14'96* )37 )372=$B4)'B437$'?=2AEG#%37€ #<*
=8*(=$*(Š,8*(# *D9?e #<B +*(=$*Œ,z37# Hn*(1Oâa02w[  Q %TRU  Q’SOQG[^] %T›] QG[^] %T<TeK
 

%<ˆ %#%)BC)B43g,8*D# * âu0$Ò'121C)'<37#†%ˆ=$Ò)'0$€n*‹=2ˆ143gED*D- )B41aâu0$Ò'âu0$BC&(3N)*(#<%Ò)3(i%<ˆ9êe-  3a=$3$K

I)*(<3:=${=$BJd8)0$1Jn*(=2ˆ,$0$'=$~*()0$=2B4#Š*:*(14à702$3i=${1437Ò<eva 3()'1á*(- %B4)'37K
 
  
        4       F  ë
¡a¢ 6³.µ A§ŠÛw¬PZ_ÝYG¡N¢¤£  Z_­5Üs­s£    Z_­  ’­.Ü  ^£ A­Z  U'£.µ  Z_­   Z_ ­ ^¡
¡ ’¡u¬  á¬y£  
ŵ
TVU XWY[Z

R#%9:37Ñ)3(9?3 0$<*(# 143759Œ0$1C<B4,$1CB4)*(=$37#%A=$ s*Dà7# *(2à7ž,8*(#<* 37!2 '$# ›vN<#<'9?37 =$‡PQ’S2T¦U

 

Q\[^] S_] S ` T$c7[Ð=$37$=2;S ` ,$0$=2; 2#6&D*(#%B@*(?=$B4%)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=$'pgSOQqkaTAU |~pgSOQqmeTAU ?K '‹

uY 0$X 'Z &(3$pƒ)379:3ÌA1 %9:,$143 K $p8'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1O<{B4€ '#<,$#%' *Ì)'379:3

 ! V # $ Z QG[^] S_] S ` T$c7[



=$372=$¨QG[  ]<[  J h T~'i0$ B4€ '#%&D*(1C3;=$—)3(u# <B4u0$BC=8*(=ž=$—S ` XK "s3N=$'9?3(Œ<0$,_37$'#iâu0$—1Ò)*($=$BC=8*D<3



*eva #%9:3IS;<B42:028*A%371@*—=$BC<)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(=¨¨S ` ' Q’#% #<BC$à7Be- $=$3($37w*A=237{B4€ '#%&D*(143(Õ=$

)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=:)379:3~'"1ƒ %9:,$143 K uTeK '‹<3N=$3(H9:3N=237R$3>%g,$02=$ # *D!8* <*(#ª?1ƒ%,8*()BC3—QG$3
Š1CB4$*(1\TR=$ÕEG0$$)BC37$')'37A0$8*Ì<3714*Ì=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=OK
'‹ R2S) R$3"<3796*D#<9:37)379:36'<,8*D)B436=$~<# *(!8* %3—* UÖÓD‚;)'37;0$Ñ 0$- 9:#%3:d$$BC<36=$Œ<*(1C<37
‚A‘—';‚ ` ׌)3(5‚^Q’kNTRU}‚^Q’m'TRUW‰NK R#<'9?3(ˆ1@*i#
* .37- =${,z'#<9:BC<B4#Ò<*(1C<37ˆ5‚A9¦*(- Š*(=$'1@*(€<(K


B4à$K K
a c1 c2 c3 b

3($=$#<'9?3()'379:3:237#<9?*Œ<37!2#< ”
" 

‚  U  ‚  $  

 

=$372=${ 8 ]%=%=%=e]  6 e : %37A1437ˆBCu<#&(*D1437Ò=2w)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(==$~‚—‘—=$~‚ ` QG=$,_2=$I=$~‚_T›K ޝ0$

8

%,8*()'B43"$3(#<9?*(=$+ 36,_#%3"$3—'‹)379:,$1C' 3;Q’1L/- 9:BC 'ˆ=$>EG0$2)B43($g ,_3N=2#+/- *DI '$# 0$; 0$- 9:#%3


B4Nd8$BC<3—=$Ì=$B4%)37€<B4u0$B4=$*(=$ TeK Š)3(#<=$'9?37{%371@*(9:€<:âu0$Ì'1 3(#<9?*—=$:9Œ0$1C<B4,$1CB4)*(=$37#%=$



^*(à7#<*($à7Õ'Š&„*(- 1CB4=$3i)'37A0$I'<,8*D)B43:$37#%96*D=$3$K

"†*D# *:‚A' Þ=$ed8$BC9?37ˆ=237ÒEG0$$)'B437$'‚ ‘‚ Kª‚ 'Š *(1.âu0$~‚  QG[zTRU˜‚sQ\[zT R8*(% *i1@*>,$#%B49:#<*
=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=¦=2;‚¦‘®14BC$+*(1ˆ=2<,20„- 'K ‚ J '?n*D1âu0$т J QG[zTU ‚^QG[zTÌ=$%,$0H'- —=$I14*Ö0$- 1J BC96*

 J 
=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=—‘—14BC$+*D1.*(€ 'K
“*(9Œ!$Be- ‡=$ed8$BC#<9:37"S J ‘¦S  ,8*(#<*¤EG0$$)'B437$'fih:,_37#",_=$
* 37—,_#%3 âu0$Ñ$3ž<*D BC%E’*()'œ1@*(
)3($=$B4)'B4372ˆIk?‘m =
F   
 
C     .        4

y+

y-
B

B4à$K K
a c1 c2 c3 b

MN*
PRQ’S_] 'TU V Y Z QG[^] S  ] S ` T$c7[Œ… V X Z QG[^] S J ] S J` T$c7[=


MNB)'37$=$BC)B43(8*(9:37Ò {,$#%37!$14'96*Œ,_37#'”
?Q’S_] 'TUÐS  Q 'T†æžS J Q TU˜‰ ™
 '$=$#%9:37R12EG0$2)B43(8*(1$37#%B4à7BC8*(1a)37Ì0$$*{%371@*‹=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=Ì':S `  yKMN™ B?Q’S…I‚.] 2… TU˜‰2p
€<37$)'~™ <$=$#%9:37w0$8*—E’*(9?BC14B4*?=$:)0$#&D*(?Q’S>…˜‚ƒT  QG[zTeps,8*(#<*™ [ ! H… pÒQGSŒ…œ‚ƒT J QG[zTeps,8*(#<*
[
… p8)'37A0$8*i<3714*i=$B4%)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=A'I%0I=2#<BJ&D*(=8*i … K
€ 37$)'
™
PRQGSՅ¦‚.] … T†æ‡PQ’S_] 'TU V Y Q Z QG[^]yQGSՅ¦‚ƒT  ]yQ’S‹…¦‚  T `: Z QG[^] S  ] S ` T<T$c7[z…



V J Q Z Q\[^]yQ’S‹…¦‚ƒT  ]áQ’SՅ ‚ƒT ` Tæ Z Q y] S  Q 'Te] S ` Q T%T$c€[z…
 

V X Q Z QG[^]yQGSՅ ‚_T J ]yQGSՅ¦‚ƒTÃ`J T†æ Z Q\[^] S J ] SuJ` T<T$c7[z…

V J Q Z Q y] S J Q 'Te]<SaJ` Q T%T†æ Z Q\[^]yQ’S‹…¦‚ƒT J ]yQ’S‹…¦‚ƒT `J T%T$c7[z…

 


™ ™
Z Q y] S  Q 'Te] Su` Q 'T<T†æ Z Q y] S J Q 'Te] SuJ` Q 'T<_T =
“s3796*D#<9:37ª=$B4#%)')B43($҂—)'37"0$$*><3714*~=$BC<)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(=? ~Q’—‚—3>‚ ` T›pa‘7*>âu0$‹n*(„<#$*(- 
<0Nd8)BC€ '‹,8*(#<*?=8*(#1^#%<021Cn*D=$3?‘âu0$~$36'%ƒ*?- )1@*D#<3:âa02?P¨ 2à€*?=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*?=$ b0*Dd  *(0NvA,8*(#<*
 3a=$3?‚I' K


"†*D# *Ì% *:)'1@*(%Õ=$ÕEG0$$)'B437$'Š0$$3Ì B4'$i”

Q’S‹…¦‚ƒT  U S  … ‚  ,8*(#<*Œ[ 
Q’S‹…¦‚ƒT J U S J … ‚ J ,8*(#<*Œ[
P=
 
  
        4       F 

(y+h)
+
y y
(y+h)
+

(y+h) − (y+h) −

y y
B B

A A

x x

B4à$K K
a c c+α b a c+α c b

™ ™ ™
^*ŒEG0$$)B+37- ¨Q’S …ꂃT  ,8*(#<*i[  †… ™ pQ’Sg… ‚ƒT J ,$*(# *>[  … p2âa02w%Õ0$™  *ÌÑPQ’S …®‚.] †… Tep
 '$=$#$*6- 0$8*:=$B4%)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=5 H… K;1@*id8à70$#<* K pO‚5 B4'$w0$; *D1C 3: Åp_,z'#<3"BC€&NBJn*(9:37


*(1z14)e 37#Ò*>&7#%BCd8)*(#ˆâu0${*H0$- —,8*D# *̂—Af @ pN<Õ '$=$#$*Œ- <{<*(1C<3Œ … K '‹Õ*
R./- 1@*>2)'<BC=8*(=

=$w*(9:,$14B4*(#„'1%,8*()BC3 K 

1,$#<BC9?'#„N'- #<9:B4$3i'g'€ 37$)''”


V Y Q Zsr Q\[^] S  ]<S ` T%‚  … Zsr Q\[^] S  ] S ` T<‚ ` T$c7[i… 2QnŽŸ‚  Ž h Te]
1.<#%)#%3$”


VÌX Q Z^r Q\[^] S J ]<SaJ` T%‚ J … Zsr Q\[^] S J ] SaJ` T<‚2`J T$c7[i… 2QnŽŸ‚ J Ž h .T =
™ ™
1<'à70$$=23A‘51)0$*(#%<3—<37¤*()3Dn*(=$3(Õ,z37#?Ž Ž Q›Ž Ž…  ‚  TiQ\&7*14*6d8à70$#<* K TeK "s37#Õ143?n*(€ 314*
=$'#<BC&D*(=$*Ì=2 b0*Dd <+*(0Nv—<#$* -
™
• 6 e  : PRQGSz] 'TU V Y Q Z^r Q æ‹T%‚>… Z^r Qæ T<‚ ` T$c7[Œ… V X Q Z^r Qq…wT%‚>… Zsr Qq…wT%‚ ` T$c7[i…˜j Z o



=$372=$ Z Q æ‹T›p Z Qq…wT„)'37#<#%%,z372=$5*ÌS  ‘*:S J K




'‹1O9?BC<9:3i9?3a=$3

™
?Q’S … ‚] … T†™ æ 6QGSz] 'T
U Q’S … ‚_T  Q … ™ T†æÐQGSՅ ‚_T  Q 'T…WQGSՅ ‚_T  Q 'T†æžS  Q 'T
æ>jCQG™ S … ‚_T J Q ™ … T†æÐQGSՅ ‚_T J ™ Q 'T…WQGSՅ ™ ‚_T J Q 'T†æžS J Q ™ 'T o ™
UÐSa` Q T ™ æ SaJ` Q T …Wjl‚$o …¦‚2` Q 'T æ ‚$`J Q 'T … ==%=uU jSa`lo …Wjl‚$o … NQ›Ž Že…  ‚  T
  

‘€*Ìâu0$>‚ ` Q 'T '=2~37#%=$A)0$*(=$#8*Å-  B4)'3$K

 F   
 
C     .        4

3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$p8,8*(#<*Ì' *(=$BC#<)')BC37$
™
"

• 6 e  : ?Q’S_] 'TUjSa` o …Wjl‚$o

  
=

" 3(#ˆ1O<37#%9?*Ì=2Õ9Œ0$1C<B4,$1CB4)*(=$37#% Q’=$ <*(9?3(ˆ*(1.1C)'<37#„&(#Šâu0${1@*>=$'9?3(% #<*()B+37- —Š14*>9?BC<9?*€T”

 2• 6 e  : PRQGSz] 'T.… • 6 e  : ?Q’S_] 'TU˜™ ‰

,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3?™ ‚IIfiheQ<jŸkƒ] T  Q Å] mno@T„)3(;‚^QqkaTRU}‚^QqmeTRU˜‰Np$‘" 3a=$3    K

 

“s3796*D$=$3 U ‰2pgjl‚$o U‰2p&79:37iâu0$ Z^r Qæ T~ BC$—=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*;˜Qqk8] 'T>B4à(08*(1H* Zsr Qæ .T K„‘
Z^r QL…{T„ BC$Õ=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*iFQ y]nmeTˆBCà708*(1O* Zsr QL…{TeK "s3N™ =$'9?3(ˆB4€ '™ à7# *(#ˆ,_37#ˆ,8*D#% '‘"37!2 '$#'”
 

 

 OQ Zsr Q æ‹T%‚  æ Z^r QL…{T%‚ J T … .j Z o … Q<jS ` o …Wjl‚2o TUW‰



Š=$')BC#”
   

™ ™
™  j Z^r ‚>… Z … Su` … ‚2o U˜a‰ =


“s3796*D$=$3 UW‰2p^jl‚2o U˜‰2p_‚^ Q T‹UWß ‰Np2 '$9:37 .j Zsr o UW‰Np$,z3(#ˆ143in*(€<3$”



 

 Q Zsr … Tjl‚$o UW‰—]>j Z … Su` o UЉ 

=$372=$?j ‚2o^*(#%!$BC<# *(#%B43$K

 

%<3iB49:,$14BC)+*{âa02 6$3i,$0$'=$Õ<'#ˆ‰2pIQ Z^r … UЉ€Tepa‘6%0$%<BC<02‘7'$=$3 'A14*~%à70$2=8*i)0$*()B+37- 

 

j Z æ Su` Z^r o U˜‰]~j Z^r o UW‰

1@*Dˆ=$37Š)372=$B4)'B437$'ˆ=$ F'B4'#<%<# *(%pƒ37!2<$BC=8*(ˆ'I'1 %9:,$1C3 K $K
 

1ƒ14)e 37#R% ,$#%à70$€ *(#8*w- ,z37#%âu
0 g% =$ed8$BC#<3(61@*DREG02$)BC37$ªS ‘ÌS 6140$à€*D#=$<# *(!$* <*(#ª=$B4#%.) ^
n*D9?'u<{)37I1.EG0$$)'B437$*(1PRQGSz] 'T„1)'08*(1^,_#%EG')' *(9?'€ w=$ 'd82B4=$J 3:,8*(#<*ÌEG0$2)B43($Š ‘"=$
R$'S) R$ 3 8#a'- S) R$'H=$BCEG'#<'$)B4*(!$14DK ^*{#
* .37- ?'Hâu0$g?<)+*D<3>'18EG0$$)BC378*(1 6QGSz] 'T†$3~ª$Bƒ<B4âu0$BC#<*


)3(u<B4u0$3:QG0$$3{)08*Du<37=$BC!$0 %37)'37€&7'$)'#8*(- 6*(121C)'<37#nT›K  âa0./- <Ò&()'1@*(#<*(9:€ H1@* =$BJEG#%$)'B@*‹ ^

 #%H02>EG0$$)'B4378*D1€~EG3(#<9?*BCu<à7#<*(1Lpy)'379?3{Ppőw0$~EG0$2)B43(8*(1uwEG37#<9?*,20$€ 08*(1zQG3 143a)+*D1\TO)3(9?3 :K
MNB.!2B4%w,20$=${=$ed8$BC#ˆ1.EG0$$)'B437$*(1P¨,8*(#<*Œ0$A<,$*()BC3:9¦*(- Òà(# *($=2(p81zEG0$$)BC378*(1 $3Ì,$0$'=$
<'#Š)37€ BCu0$3?%37!$#%w02I'<,8*()'B43:=$ÕEG0$$)'B437$'Š=$B4%)37€ BCu08*(KR 3:$37Š141C'&D*>n*(9>!$Be'- I*i#%%<#<BC$à7B4#
1@*Dˆ=$B4#%))'B4372Š=${1@*(ˆ=2#<BJ&D*(=8*(ˆ=$ b0*Dd  *(0NvzKªMNB!$BCAA%<~)*(<3:1@*Œ,2#<0$'!8*:,2#<%€n*D=8*?'51
 %'9?,2143 K ?'Š9‡*(- ˆ%B49:,$14Dp2'%n*Ì$3:<w*(,$1CB4)*ŒA1 %'9?,2143i<BCà70$BC€ DK

 1.d$8*(1=${1@*Œ23(n* K Œ=8*(#<'9?3(028* 02- 1C BC96*w96*D$#<*Ì=2w,2#<37!8*D#ˆ%<~#%%0$1C *(=$3$K

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Zž³.µC± § "¡ †¡ Z_ ­ ZƒÝs¬Å¡;Ü­^£ €Ü^¬ $£.µ

MN0$,_37$à7*(9?3(ˆâa02wSOQG[zT„'g02I,$02u<3?)'#+/-  B4)'3i=$1.EG02$)BC378*(1

  
        4       F 

RP QGS$TU V Y5X Z Q\[^] S_] S ` T$c7[

SOQqkaTÕU|>psSOQqmeT{U 6ps)37¤1@*—)372=$B4)'Bá37- ¨=$:âa0261@*DÕ)0$#&(*D>SOQG[zT‹=$!_¨ 3a)+*(#{0$$*I)02#%&D*I=8*D=8*
SÌU ÒQG[zT›KHA1,$02u<3?=2w)'37€n*()e 3:S ` ,20$=$w<'#Š=$B4%)37€ BCu08*2K


y= ϕ( x)

B4à$K K
a c b


%<3:,$*( *Œ)'37—# *+‘73(ˆ=$Õ140g9:BC<B4=$37ª¤Q’kƒ]<|ÕTepN37!$%#%&D*(=237ˆ¤Qqmá]nŒTH=$%,$0H'- =2‹0$8*i#< 8evNB+37- 

<3(!$#<w1^%,z %36S?U ÒQ\[zTeKˆMaBs14*:)'0$#%&D*̝&7# BC)+*(1'50$I,$0$€ 3 Åp8 '$=$#%B@*(9:37Š1^,$#%37!$14'96*i)'37

0$8*Ì=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=—‘—1@*Œ)'37$=$BC)B+37- —=$w)37€ BCu0$B4=8*D=A=2 ¤BC#%% #<*(<'K



MN*:S?1)+*D$=$B4=$*D 3:*Ìeva #%9:3$p$)3(I0$$*:=$BC<)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(=AS `  ÅKªMN*

U ÓD‚:6f h jlk8] no  f h j Å]nm oq]҂5QqkaTU}‚^Q 'TRUW‚^QqmeTRUW‰N×
)3(—$37#<9?*2”  ‚  U֎‚Ž $ Y  …ÐŽ‚Ž $  X K 'ˆ0$—%,8*()'B43Œ=$2 D„*(8*(S) R"‘?S?'Ò0$—,$02u<3i)#/-  BC)3~=$
P¨<37!2#<w6p$‘€*Ìâu0${,z3a=$'9?37Ò<379?*(#ˆ)0$#&D*(ŠS.Q\[zTH 3a)+*($=23:14*Œ)0$#&D*:SÌU ÒQG[zT„'ž Q Å] „Q 'T<TeK
 
 


^*i=$#%BC&D*(=8*i=$ 8#a'- S) R$'g=$iP '”

 

•APRQ’S2T<‚?U}V Y Q Zsr ‚>… Z ` ‚2`–T$c7[i… V:X Q Zsr ‚>… Z ` ‚$` T$c7[



 3(96*(2=$3—‚; f x @ jŸk8] ›o3"' f x @ j Å] mnoqpz<$'9?r 3( âu0$ Z^r ÕfŒhŠ)'37Ñr =$#%BC&D*(=8* Zsr êQ’k8] Tˆ‘A


Q y]nmeTeK
“s379?'9?3(
* R237# *6'1†'<,8*()'B43 žpO=$'1† %'9?,2143 K ë p_=$Œ14*(gEG02$)BC37$ f h ,_37#g,8*(#%<‹)'37;=$BC<)'37€ B ^
u0$B4=$*(=$ª"‚:‘Ì6‚ ` VK '‹ed8$B49:37'189?BC<9:3‹EG0$$)BC378*(1.PQ’S_] 'TˆQ’âu0$Š B4'$Š=$#%BC&D*(=8*Dª=2 b0*Dd  *(0Nv


,8*(#<*:‚IIfiheQ<jŸkƒ] T  Q Å] mno@T<T›K 'Õ*(#<'9?3(Š
* R$37#<*Ì=237Š)37$=2B4)BC37$'”

 J QGSz] T U S J Q T†æ Ò Q TU˜‰ 
  QGSz] T U S  Q T†æ Ò Q TU˜a‰ =
 7‰F   
 
C     .        4

“s$'9?37Š'u<37$)'
™
 QJ GS … ‚.]yQ … ™ T<T†æ  J Q’S_] 'T ™
UQGS … ‚ƒT J Q … ™ TæÐQ’S‹…¦‚ƒT J Q '™T…WQ’SՅ¦™ ‚ƒT J Q T†æFS J Q T†æÐQ ÒQ †… T†æ „Q 'T<T  
UQGS … ‚ƒT `J Q T …¦‚ J Q T†æ ^`GQ 'T … 2QnŽ Že… Ž‚Ž $  X T
 


,8*(#<*:‚]<Szp$)'37A0$8* 0$- $B4)*Œ<BC$à70$14*(#<BC=8*(=— yK "37#Š143i *(€ 3$p$02 *($=23?BCu<à7#<*()B+37- ,z3(#ˆ,8*(#%<'”

™ ™ ™
™ {Q<j Zsr ‚$oN…˜j Z o T.… J Q’SuJ` æ ^`–T … ‚ J …  Q’Su` æ s`–T …¦‚  UW‰a=



    

“s3796*D$=$3 UW‰2pƒ‚ J Q TRUЉ2p_‚  Q 'TÕU˜ß ‰Ì” Zsr Q æ‹T…  U˜‰2K

™
 

“s3796*D$=$3 UW‰2pƒ‚ J Q TÕUÐß ‰2p_‚  Q 'TRU˜‰Ì”$æ Zsr QL…{T… J UW‰2K

™
 

“s3796*D$=$3 UWß ‰2p2‘‚"UW‰—” .j Z oN… J QGS J` æ ` T…  QGS ` æ ` TRUWa‰ =
    

'‹ 14*(ª=$37„,2#<B49:#<*(ª)0$*()BC37$ª&7'9?37„âa02 ¤UÐ ß ‰2”,_3N=29:37H,_37$'#<1C3>B4à(08*(1_* F7KMN0$!$ BC<02‘7'$=$3

p  'I14*> '#<)'# *2”


 
J

j Z oa… Z^r QL…{TQGS J` æ ` T†æ Zsr Q æ‹T'Q’S ` æ ` TRUW‰

 

Š=$')BC#”
j Z æœQ’Su`uæ s`–T Zsr o U˜‰a=



™
Qg3D 9:37wâu0$"*(âu0./ - $
 I
3 
 >
 '
) 7
3 €
  C
B a
 $
0 I
* 
  AQ’<0296*(2=$3514*({)0$*()BC37$~37!2<$BC=8*(w,8*(# * U ‰
 '$9:37~j Zsr o U æ 6Z^r J : TeK



UZ Q F^…;S ` ã T h ã  h QG[^]<S$T›pa)'379:3~'61_)+*D<3>=2 0$"#<*+‘73>=2 140 '"1_,$14*($36QG[^] S2Tep



"3(#H %9:,$143w<B


37!2<$'9?3(”


qQ FH…êSa` s`–T'Q FH…®Su` ã T  h ã  U˜‰



 Q zQ\[^] S$Tª)37€ BCu0$3uTeKRN'- #<9:B4$37ˆ=2F*D- $à70$1C37” 

)'37
h …·%
h  *( U )3(
+㐅  ¡a­ +
ãƒn*(

3R%+*̔ª)'37yQ
h æ „T U )3(yQ
+ãªæ „.T =
 

 

\„37A<371C0$)BC37$'
U
+ãá”R'1# *+‘73?*D #<*+&NBC<*Ì'1%,z %3$p83$”

h

+ãHæ ®U žæ
h  

  
        4       F  F

θ2
ψ

θ1

B4à$K K Fá‰


=2)BC#†'1ˆ*(- $à(0$143‹=212#<*+‘73ÕB42)B4=2€ Ò)'37i1@*n*($à(€ ˆ*D12%,z %3ÕBCà708*(1a*(1Ò*(- $à70$1C3 =$ˆ14* *($à7'u<

*(1.'<,_ %3?)371#<*+‘73:#< $<*(=$32K

Zá£Ñ³µ )ž§ 'Õ*D#<9:37H3( #<*>,$#<02!8*Œ=$ %<‹#<'<0$1Jn*(™ =23$p20$<*($™ =$3i'1O%B4à70$BC€  #%0$)3$KªMa+*ŒSOQG[zTª028*
)02#%&D*?*D=$9?BC<BC!$14g)37A0$8*i=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=FQ … ] „Q … T<T 

y= ϕ( x)

B4à$K K F F
a c+α b

™
"3a=$'9?37H,8*(#<*(9?e #%B +*D#ª'% *>)0$#&D*>,z3(#‹jŸ‰2]%Foqpa)37 Q\[Q %T›] S.Q%T<T=$g *(18EG37#<9?*{âa02 [Q FPO 7TU .… K
Qg3D 9:37gâa02Œ)37Ñ'%<Œ)+*(9>!$B43?=$>,8*D# *(9:'<#<B *()B+37- AS.Q%T,$0$'=$><$'#‹0$8*6=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=5837- 1C3
<B U FPO
ap2,_#<3:$3:*(%à70$#<*(9:37Šâa02w14*i)0$#&(*i 3aâu0${1@*Œ)'0$#%&D*ÌSÌU ÒQ\[zTÒ RUF O
NK


"3($=$#<'9?3()'379:3:)'37$=$BC)B+37- є

?QG[^]<S$TUœS.Q FPO
7Tæ ÒQG[Q FPO
7T%.T =



1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1.<Õ&a0$1J&7w€ 3($)'>”
F   
 
C     .         4

PRQG[^]<S$T U V x h ã
Z QG[Q %Te] … SOV Q h%T›] S Q\` [^Q%] T S_OÅ[] Sa` Q `(%OÅT<[8TÃ` [ T [8` Q `–%c
T_c
= 
ã
h Z
“s379?'9?3(.)379:3ˆ%,8*()'B43Š=$ #<*(!8* %3Š*D17)37 %0$€ 3ÕÓD‚^Q %Te] &.Q %Tz'>f h jŸ‰2]%FPO Åo  f h j FPO
N]%F'oL].)'37~‚^Qq‰€TRU
‚^Q FyTU˜‰2]&.Q’‰€TU &.Q FyTRU˜‰2]_‚—‘ &—)37€ BCu08*(Š FPO
a×~)3(I14*Œ$37#<9?*;Ž¤Ž $ x  h ã … Ž¨Ž $ h ã  h K






^*( )'37$=$BC)BC37$;‰:‘A*  Fw&aB42;=$'1 R2S) R$3"âu0$~[Q %TŠ‘SOQ %Tˆ<3(;=8*(=8*D I1437eva<#<9:37'K‹MNB

Z ' fŒhH)1@*D#<3iâu0$ÌPё  BC$'I=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*(ˆ=$ 8#a'- S) R$'gA%w'<,8*D)B432p$ 2=$#<'9?37Š,$02”
 .QLV x h ã Q Z ‚$` … Z # [8`–‚?æ Zst Q’Su` OÅ[8` T<‚2`(… Z^r [8` &w… Zt &a`–T%c

… V h h ã Q Z ‚$` … Z # [8`–‚?æ Zst Q’Su` OÅ[8` T<‚2`(… Z^r [8` &w… Zt &a`–T%
c %T
… Q &.Q FPO
7T æ ` QG[Q F O
7T<T%‚^Q FPO
(T<TUW‰


,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3IQL‚.] &$T„'I'1<,$*()BC3$K

“s3796*D$=$3>‚] &?*(1J #%8*D<BC&D*(9:€ Š‰Õ‘Ì6cf x @ Q’‰2%] FPO
(T†3>6cf x @ Q FPO
N] FyTep7<$'9?37ªâu0$ Z æ Zst S ` OÅ[ `
‹fihŠ)'37;=$'#<BJ&(*D=8* Z # [ ` ‘Iâa02 Zt '‹fŒh)37;=2#<BJ&D*(=8* Z^r [ ` KŒQ’Rn*( =$37‹')08*()'B4372‹=$>0$14'#
<#%=$0$)'‡=2 R2S) R$3¤*¨14*;)'08*()B+37- ®=$AR0214#i,$*(# * S.Q\[zTepR)3(9?3 143;&(#%9:37?' 14*;<'))B+37- ®=$
,$#%37!$14'96*Dˆ,8*(# *D9êe-  #<BC)37'K T 3Ìâu0$w$37ŠB4€ '#<' *:*(âu0/- Šâu0$w,z3a=$9:37ˆBCu<à7#<*(#Ò,_37#Š,8*(# '”
 .jJQ Z æ Zst Q’Su` OÅ[8`–T<T<‚^Q FPO
7T.… Zt &.Q FPO
7TÃo h ã… Q &iæ ^`–‚ƒTyŽ h ãˆU˜‰ =


<)'37à7B4'$=$3?*(=$')08*(=$*(9?'€ ~‚^Q FPO
(TH‘ &.Q F O
7TepN 29:37”

.j Z æ Zst S ` OÅ[ ` o h ãHæ ` QG[Q F O
7T<TU˜‰
 

.j Zst o h ã … U˜a‰ =


'‹Õ1@*i%à70$2=8*:')08*D)Bá3(- .p ¨U˜

 ß ‰i‘"#<)'37#<=$*($=$3:âu0$ r U˜S ` OÅ[ ` 37!N 29:37p


€
c S #
j Z æœQ c7[ æ s`–T Zt o U˜‰ =




 
  
        4       F 


g3D 9:37gâa02Œ;'1†)*(<3"=21†,2#<37!$1C9?*?)'37;=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=$'pO=21 %'9?,$1C3 K ë p_,z3a=$'9?37g0$ *D#

1 9?BC<9:3ž9êe-  3a=$3$p,z'#<3ê<BCœ)37$=2B4)B+37- .K ^3(—9?BC<9:37"#<'<0$1Jn*(=237¨Q’)'37 U ‰€T6%37 &Ò*D- 14B4=237p
Q

37!2<$'9?3('€ 37$)''”

j Z æ Zst Sa` OÅ[8`bo UЉ

j Zst o UW‰2]


Š=$')BC#psQ’)'37 r U˜S ` Oy[ ` T„1@*(ˆ=237Š)37$=2B4)BC37$'ˆ=$ ¤BC#%% #<*(<'K



TVU¡u¬   Z¦³.µ ЧÌMNÌ,$0$'=$: *(9Œ!$Be- Ñ 3(96*(#Ղ¨ ‘ &;=$B4%)37€<B4u08*({ FPO
aKÌR¨%Ì)+*(%3 R8*+‘ =$3(
 #

)3($=$B4)'B4372ˆ9¦*(- ”
[  Q FPO 7Tæž[ J Q FPO
7TUЉ2]ŠS  Q FPO
7Tæ S J Q F O
7TUW‰ =
 g<*($=$3 i9Œ0$1J B4,214B4)*(=$37#%'pN1C14à7*(#ˆ*(1.9:B4%9?3i#%%0$1C *(=$3$K
TVU¡u¬   Z}³µC± § “#<*Dn*D#:'1Š,$#<37!2149?*Ñ=$=$BCEG#<*())'Bá37- ê,_37#Ì0$8*¨)0$#&(* =$A1@*(Ì9:B4%96*(>96*(2# *D
Q’)'379:3:'I'1 %'9?,$1C3 K p$)3(9?3ÌA1@*i$3Dn* K Œ‘")379:3ÌA1 %'#<)'B4)BC3Ì*(€ '#<B43(#nTeK
y

y= ϕ( x)

x
a c

B4à$K K F 
b

%<0$=$B@*D#{,8*(# B4)'0$1@*D#O1()+*(%3 Z GQ [^]<Sz] TU Q Fy… ã Tnh ã zQG[^] S2T  h_)'37{<0wB4€ '#<,$#%' *()B+37- Õà73(9êe-  #<BC)+*2K
  

TVU¡u¬   Z¤³.µ@¯ê§  Z_ ­   [Zz­^¡  s¡  Zz­  q­OÜ s£ W£2¬Å£ ¡u«_Ü­^£  ^¡u¬  $£ s£ Dµ
F7K "*(# *6,2#<37!$1C9?*(Š)37
X QG[^] S_] S ` ] S ` T$c7[^p_)37;=2B4<)'37€ BCa02B4=8*(=2 23?d <*('pO0$<*(# '19 '- <3N=23
=$Ñ9>0$1C<B4,$1CB4)+*D=$37#<'pˆ)'37Y 9?Z 3 'œ1‹ %9:,$143 K ë p,8*(#<*ž$)'37€ # *D#—1@*(6<#<'A)'37$=$BC)BC37$6=$
)'37€ B4u0$BC=8*(==$'1 %#%)BC)B43 K 2K
NK  *(#Š19 '- <3N=23i=${1@*i$3( * K Œ,8*(#<*i37!2 '$#1O9?BC<9:3i#<%0$1C *(=$3$K


2K  *(#Š)0$*(14âu0$BC# *Œ=2~'% 3(=237Š9êe-  3a=$37ˆ<B^*D=$9¦*(- E

  R8*+‘—0$8*Ì)3($=$B4)'Bá37- O”
 F 
  
 
C     .         4
™
T & 20 w14*Œ)0$#&D*Ì<$à€*Ì<0A=$BC<)3(u<B4u0$BC=8*(=AS ` <37!$#%{0$8*Ì)0$#&(*Ì=8*(=$*ÌSiU ÒQG[zT›K 
š T & 0$ˆ1@*Õ)'0$#%&D*‹ '$à€*{0$8*Õ=$B4%)37€<B4u0$B4=$*(=ÌÌS ` 3{'?S ` <3(!$#<Š0$8*Õ)'0$#%&D*{=8*(=8*ÕSÌU „QG[zTeK 

      
             
 

g$*:à7#<*(—EG0$€<~=${ %9:,$1437ˆ=237$=${<w0$<*(I1C37ˆ9Œ0$1J BC,$14BC)+*(=$3(#<H=$ ^*(à7# *D$à7Õ,$#%3y&aBC${=$w1437

,$#%37!$14'96*Ds=2 bÕ379:'<#+/- *ˆ‘w=$ A)*D- $B4)*2K   3a=$37141C37^<H14*(à7#%0$,8*!8* %3‹'1N$3(9Œ!$#<ª=$H,$#<37!214. ^


9?*(B4%37,_#<BC9êe-  #%B4)3(s‘><Š=$BC&aBC=$i'Ì<#<')1@*D<%à„0$- i14*‹)372=$B4)'Bá37- Œâu0$Š%ˆB49:,z372Ò*(1N,$#<37!2149?*2K

^*g,$#%B49:#<*g)+*Å à(37#+/ - *'1@*=$„1C37,2#<37!$1C9?*(s)37$=2B4)BC378*(=237,_37#s0$ŒEG0$$)'B437$*(1u>EG37#%96*ŠB4€<à7#<*(1LK
%<35w1)*(<3I=$1R,$#%37!$1C9?*"=$?14*—)0$#&(*=$:14372à7BC<0$= =8*(=8*âu0$?'$)BC#%# *0$8*˜*(- #<*A9¦*Å- vNB49?*2K
^*?%à70$2=8*6)+*Å à(37#+- *Ì'$à71C37!8*6*Ì143(g,$#%37!$1C9?*(Š)37$=2B4)BC378*(=237Š,z37#Š0$      
      âu0$
=$',z'$=$6=2ÑQG[^]<S$T›K"/ %<37>%?1C1@*(9?*(Ñ#<'%<#<B4)')BC37$AR$371C37Š37- 9:B4)*(Õ I).*(- $BC)+*A‘¨)'37#<#%<,_37$=2
*?,_37%B4)B+37- A=$>)'0$#%,z37 )375*Dn*(=20$# *(g#+/- à7B4=8*Dp836,_37# %'9?,$1C3$p_*?'$)37€<# *(#g0$8*6à7'3N=H- <BC)+*:<37!$#%
0$8*Ì<02,z'#%d8)'B4{=8*(=8*IQ’14*Œ<0$,_#d8)BC Œ'Š0$AEG02$)BC378*(1@TeK
^*œ0$- 1J BC96*>)*D 'à737#- *i#<02- $>*Ì143(,2#<37!$1C9?*(ˆ=$372=$~14*(Š)372=$B4)'B437$'Š<37      
 
     
âu0$Õ=$',z'$=$=$Õ14/ *(„=2#<BJ&D*(=8*('K  - n*(Ò%Õ14'„1414*(9?*w#%%<#<BC))BC37$'Ò$3!R$371C37Š37- 9:B4)*(R3Ì*Dn*D=$0$# *D
1+*(- %<B4)*(ˆ3i&NBC<)'37 *('K
^*Ñ=$BCEG'#<2)B@*;9¦*(- iBC9?,_37#% *(€ ?=$%=$I'1Ò,$0$€<3¤=$—&aB4n*Ñ9?*D '9‡*D- <B4)'35Ìâu0$1@*Di=$37 0$- 1C<B49?*(
)+*Å à(37#+/- *(Õ<37Ñ<3(n*(1C9?'€ i=$BJEG#<'€ '”{1@*(‹)'37$=$BC)BC37${%37¨*&D*(1C37#<'‹¨3( #%3<,$*()BC3‘;$3
143(ˆ#<+*D14'K & 0$=8*Ì,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3Ì)1@*D#<3Ìâu0${$3?%{,$0$=2;*D,$14BC)+*(#Ò1C37ˆ9:B4<9:37ˆ*D#<à70$9:€<37K
R#%9:37Š %'9?,$1C37ˆ=${)+*D=8*i0$8*Ì=${% *()+*D<à737#/ - *('K

 
   !" %# $&"'% (')*+
# ,'%

MNB‹'1‹EG0$$)'B4378*D1>PRQGS$T;U
Y X Z QG[^]<Sz] S ` T$c7[W)'37œS.Q’kNTÑU |>]SOQqmeTÑU  ƒ* - )372=$B4)'B4378*D=$3 ,z3(#
?Q’S2TU
X 6Q\[^] S_] S ` T$c7[6æ
Y .- UW‰i=$372=$ Z ‘  <3(5fŒh›p8€<37$)'<$'9?3(”
VÌY X Q Z^r ‚~… Z^r ‚2`JT$c7[i… VÌY X Q  r ‚~…
 r ‚2`–T$c7[UЉ2]


Š=$')BC#”
VÌY X Q<Q Zsr …  r <T ‚~…WQ Zsr …  r T<‚2`–T$c7[UЉa=
 

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ .µ’¥F§ +H»F¸nØeÁøi½<¹ÅØ À Zsr …  r n¸ ØgfŒhŒ½ À » Ï ¸eΛ¾51Ź Ï ¹



Z^r …  r = 
 
C            
    F  ë
g3D 9:37gâa02>1@*:à72# *D14B *()B+37- I*69‡*D- EG0$2)B43($'pO9¦*(-  =$'#<BJ&(*D=8*(p_9¦*(- &D*(#%B@*(!214Š‘A9‡*D-  )3($=$B ^
)BC37$' $3",2#<%€n*—$BC$à70$$*6=$BCd$)0$1Jn*(=.K]'‹<*D9?37g*(1s14')' 3(#R8*()'#‹'% *(‹à7'$#<*(14B+*()'B437$'g)'379:3
Q

%'#<)'B4)BC3$K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z
.µ’¥F§  £ á¡a­s£2¬ G£.µ
MNB '$9:37Š0$8*:)+*(=28*Ì=$w1437$à(BC 02= ˆpƒ<0 %'n*D=8*:'€ #<~=$37Š,$0$€<37iQ’kƒ]<|ÕT„‘¤Qqmá]niT›p81@*i,_37<BC)Bá3(- 
=${#<',z3(<3:<#$*Ì-  *(1.âu0$w1@*Œ'$#%à8/- *i,_3( '$)B4*(1.=$'!$B4=8*Ì*(1,_%3?%+*Ì9I/- $B49?*2K
y

B4à$K K F
a b

^*®'$#%à8/- * ,_3( '$)B4*(1‹'¨ã PQ’S2T¨U

x NSOQLçyT$caç;‘ 1@* 143($à7BC<0$=  U
Y X Q F~… S ` Tnh ã c7[^K  aâ 0./-

PRQGS$TU
Y X aSOQ FR…êS `  Tnh c7[^K "37#Š1C3Ì *(€ 3$p
Q aSaS ` Q Fª…êS `  T  h ã … S ` Q FH…®S ` T  h ã T ` U OQ FH…®S ` T h ã =
 

NM B AU ‰? '$=$#<'9?3(Œ”ŠS ` Q F҅¦S ` Tnh ã U )'37$% *(€ 7pO‹=$')BC# S ` U )3($% *(€ 7pz1@*?%371402)Bá3(- ;‹028*
#<')' *:,8*D *($=23?,_37#ˆ143(ˆ=$37Š,$0$€ 3(p8,_#<3:<'#8*Ì- 1@*Œ%37140$)'Bá37- *D1,$#<37!2149?*Œ83(- 143Ì<B ®1@*Œ=$BC%n*D$)B4*


€<#<w1437Ò=237Š,$0$€ 37'K„A)08*D14âu0$B4'#ˆ3( #%3Ì)+*(%3 UWß ‰2K ^*i)'08*()B+37- AŠ€ 3($)'”



Q `’Q F„… `  T  h ã T `NU Q F„… `  T h ã

   

)3( U˜SՅ O2Q 2Te] ` UÐS ` K

  

 R237# *;!$BC.p†% *Ñ)0$*()B+37- ž‘€*5EG0$6%<0$=$B4*(=8*;ê'1„,$#%37!$14'96*A=$—1@*A<0$,_#d8)BC—=$"#%'&73(140$)'Bá37- .”

 %9:,$143(* F7K ë ‘ NK NK ^*‡%37140$)'Bá37-  'Ñ0$ )37%$3 R$BC,z'#<!Š37- 1CB4)'3 Q’3œ=$3(Ñ3 $B4$à(0$$3 <'àÒ0$-  1437
,8*(#$*(- 9:' #%37nT›K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z
.µ ) § ã  ¬y¡a£ ¡a­ 7¡a¬y¬y£ ^X£ WVZƒ¬"Üs­^£ €Ü^¬ 2£ s¡ Y[Z_­s«  yã Ü ^£ s£Oµ ã
 âu0./ - PQG[^] S2TU
x QG[ƒS ` æ6[ ` S2T$c;O g)37:1@*Õ)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- iOQ\[^] S2TU
x Q\[ `  …AS `  T h c
2æ žUW‰Õ<37!$#%

 

1'<,8*D)B43:=$ÕEG0$$)'B4372  ^R,_#%Bá37- =2B4)+*Dp2‘7*:âu0${1@*i)'0$#%&D*Ì=$!_{<#Š)'#<#<*(=8*2K

“s$=$#%9:37Š€ 3($)' =$37Š')08*()'B4372Š=$w0$14'#”
 F   
 
C     .        4

Q Z # …  # T `2U Z # …  #
Q Zsr …  r T ` U Z^r …  r ]
 

Š=$')BC#”
 

aSa`2U  Q\[ ` ã ê… [ S ` ` ã T h ã  `


æ a[8`$U  QG[ ` ã …®S S ` ` ã T h ã  ` =



À 'à7# *(2=$3?3(!2 '$9:37{”



NSÌU ãQ\[ ` …®[ S ` ` ã T h ã … h

æ a[U
 ãQG[ ` …êS S ` ` ã T h ã … ›ã =

0$à(3$p8<B U˜ß ‰
 

GQ [?æž[ƒxeT ã …WQGS>æ S(xnT ã U ã ]


)3(5[ƒxgUÖæ eã.O N]SDxU h O zK]"37#143:n*(€<361@*:)0$#&D*6ƒ*6- %37!$#<~1s)7/- #<)021436=2>)'€ #<3ÑQG[ƒxá] SDx›TŠ‘



# *D=$B43¨Ž O sŽ K4\„379?361@*?)'0$#%&D*"=$'!z><#Õ)'#%# *(=8*NpO1@*?)0$#&(*"=2!_Œ)0$!2#<B4# 3a=$3"'1†)(/- #<)'0$ã 143:‘7p.%B42=$3

 

<BC9?,214(p_=$'!zŒ)'0$!$#%B4#<1C360$$*6<3714*?&7 (2K "s37#‹143:n*(€<3žŽ O sŽNU O$Q  sTˆ‘¤PQG[^] S2TˆU  O$Q  sTn2K \„1@* ^


# *D9?'u<>'1†)'€ #<3—'{*(#<!2BC #<*(#<BC3i‘€*"âu0$i0$8*: # *D<1@*D)Bá3(- 5=$Œ %‹23")+*(9>!$B@*:$B†14*?143($à7BC<0$=52B†1



*(- #%+*2K ƒ*(1Jn*> 3a=8*+&z/- *Œ,$#%37!8*(#Šâu0${n*Ì<371C0$)B+37- )37#%#<'<,_37$=$~*i0$I9¦*Å- vNB49:3$K

"3(#3D #<3Ì14*(=$3$pN<B 6UЉ2p2[ ` U & p$S ` U &7ã+p8,_37#ˆ1@*Œ)'37$%<#<BC))B+37-  ”

h
& hã
… &€ã ã U  ã O2Q  s_T =
‹{*(âu0/- âu0${[U & h ^…ž[ƒxáp8SÌU &7ã .…®SDx%K8143i)'08*(1)3(#<%,z3($=$~*Ì028*i#<)en*i‘—,_37#ˆ143Œ *(€ 3?*Ì028*
<3(140$)'Bá37- —BC8*(=$9:B4%B4!$1C(K
'

TVU¡u¬   Z .µ’¥F§ˆ%<0$=$B@*D#'1,$#<3(!$14'96*Œ=$'1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1L”

PQ’S2TUWVÌY X S„c7[^] SOQqkaTU˜SOQqmeTUЉ S.Q\[zT

œ‰2]
)3($=$B4)'B437$*(=$3i,_37# 6QGS$TU
Y X Q FH…®S `  T h ã c€[?æ  UЉ2K
$)3(u<# *(#1@*Ì<3(140$)'Bá37- ‘,$#<3(!8*(#âa02¨- n*:¨02- $B4)*Ì%B†mHæ k    ªQ’m„æ®kaT O
NK "R#%37!8*(#Šâu0$~$3
R8*+‘—%37140$)'Bá37- %B^*(14à7028*Œ=${n*(=$%B4à70$*(14=8*D=$ˆ$3:<{)'0$9?,214(K À<#<,2#<' *()B+37- Aà7379 '- <#<BC)+*2K
 
C            
    F 

¡u¬
TVU   Z .µ ) §ˆ$)3(u<# *(#Š14*Ì%371402)Bá3(- *(1,$#<3(!$14'96*Œ=$2R8*D141@*D#„0$A,$0$€ 3:)#/ - <B4)3i=21.EG0$$)'B437$*(1
RP Q’S2TU}VÌY X Q’S ã …®Su`  …®Su`  T$c€[
)3(I)'37$=$BC)B43($ˆ=$ÕEG#%37€ #<*:$*D 0$#<*(14'ґ—)3($=$B4)'B437$*(=$3i,_37#”
?Q’S2TUWVÌX S„c7[6æÐQ’mHæêkaTRU˜‰a=
MNŠ2)37€ #<*(#8*{- 0$8*{)'08*()'Bá37- Ì=$ 73$K†37#<=$'.Y pu$23 R$379:37à'- $+*2K "R#%37!8*(#âu0$1@*‹')08*D)Bá3(-  R$3(9?37à- $*
 BC$i028* 02- $B4)*"<371C0$)B+37- .p.9Œ021C BC,$14BC)+*(2=$3614*")0$*()B+37-  ,z37# S;iB4€ 'à7# *D$=$3,z3(#‹,8*(# 'K "#<37!8*D#
âu0$w1@*Œ<3(140$)'Bá37- —37!N 2B4=8*i)3(#<#<'<,_37$=$~*Ì0$95/- $B49:3Q’'%<0$=$B@*D#ˆ1#<'<BC=$0$3uT›K

.  ')  )   
# '%+

„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37Š'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1q”
\

P Q’S_] TU V Y X Z Q\[^] Sz] ] S ` ] ` T$c7[

  

)3(ISOQG[zT›] QG[zTÒ=8*(=$3('5k:‘—Img‘—)'37$=$BC)B43(8*(=8*(ˆ,_37#?QG[^] S_] TU˜‰2K

 

 R237# *{!$B4' ?QG[^] SOQG[zT›] Q\[zT<Tª0$8*>*D,$14BC)+*()'Bá37- Ì=$gfihejlk8]nm o Ìfih+jŸkƒ] mno_'—fihejlk8]nm oqpN%B  'ÒfŒh›K
=$')B4#ˆ23iŠ0$—EG0$$)'B4378*D1Lpu‘€*Ìâa02{*Ì02A,$*(#Ò=$ÕEG0$$)'B4372ˆ=8*i0$8*>EG02$)B+37- .KªMNBC—9Œ!8*D#<à73$pN‘€*iâu0$


 '$9:37‹028*GR$#%# *(9:B4'€n*ÑQG14379Œ0$1J B4,214B4)*(=$37#% Tˆâu0$ŒEG02$)BC378*6,8*D# *6,$#%37!$1C9?*( )'37$=$BC)B43(8*(=$37

Q’)'37       Tep >)3(- 9?3Ì,_3N=$'9?3()'37€&7'#% BC#g'%<~,$#%37!$1C9?*Ì'50$A,$#%37!$14'96*i=$3($=$w837- 1C3 R$*á‘
EG0$$)'B437$*(14'
^*i#<'<,$0$'% *?0$<*(#ˆ3( #%3Ì<,$*()BC3:‘—=2'd8$BC#ˆ1.EG0$2)B43(8*(1L”


?Q’S_] ] zTU}VÌX 6Q\[^] S.Q\[zTe] QG[zT<T QG[zT$c7[—UЉ

,8*(#<* 5IfŒx h jlk8]nm oqK \„14*(# *D9?'u<Õ<B ' Y fŒhH1.EG0$2)B43(8*(1 ?Q’S_] ] zTH<B42Õ=$#%BC&D*(=8*i=$ 8#a'- S) R$'K
 

 =29¦*(- 6%B,$*(# *ž*D14à„0$- ˜Q’SOQG[zT›] Q\[zT<TŒ 29:37 ?QG[^] SOQG[zT›] Q\[zT<TU ‰2pÒ'€ 37$)' ?Q’S_] ] OT—Uމ
,8*(#<*<3N=23 ¤Ffix h jŸk8]nm oª:BC€&7#% *(9:€<(p†,_37#Õ'1ª1C9?*  nK Np^%B ?Q’S_] ] OT U ‰,8*(#<*<3N=$3 ¤
  

fŒh jlk8]nm oqp2'u<37$)' ?QG[^] SOQG[zT›] Q\[zT<TRUW‰2K 9:37ª,$0$„$)'37€ # *D=$3Œ0$8*~96*(2# *{9¦*(- H)'379:,$14BC)+*(=8*
=${x evN,$#%<*(#g14*Œ)372=$B4)'Bá37- .K "s37#Š143Œ *(€ 3Ì 29:37”



2•IPQ’S_] ] zTQq‚.] &z] ’T.… • ?Q’S_] ] OT'QL‚.] &z] qT†U˜‰



,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3IQL‚.] &z] ’T„'5f h jlk8]nm o ;f h jŸkƒ] mno Ñf h jŸk8]nm o^)37&D*(143(#ˆ‰:'5k̑—5máK

 

V Y X Q Z^r ‚~… Z^r ‚2`7… Zt &{… Zst &u`JT$c7[Œ… ‹V Y X Q< Q  r ‚Œ

…  t &$T i…  ’T$c7[UÐa‰ =


3(#1C3Œn*(€<3:<$'9?37ˆ<#<Š')08*()'B4372Š=$w0$14'#”
"

Z^r …  r "U .Q sZ r T `  
 F   
 
C     .        4

Zt …


t UW"U ‰a= .Q Zt T `


MNB U ‰FQG€ 3($)' œUß ‰€Tg<$=$#%9:37w0$¤,20$€ 35)'#+-  B4)'3—14BC!$#<i=$PK6MNB U ß ‰2p^ 2=$#<'9?37{14*

)3($=$B4)'Bá37-  ?QG[^] SOQG[zT›] Q\[zT<TUW‰Œ‘7p8,_37$BC$=23?* QG[zTRU / æ Q\[zTe”


¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ .µ )§ ¶ƒ¾

QG[^] S_] S ` ] ] ` T$c7[¸nØeÁ_꿹 ½ » ¾L½e¾ »_¹ Î$6Q\[^] S_] T6U ‰aÄ̸e»8Á À »O½n¸nØ
¸ 7¾4ØeÁøe»;ºN»_¹A½ À »2ØeÁL¹(»8Áø XY X B?Z ºa»_¹g¼›ºa»O½e¾8À ¿ » Q\[zTnĈ½ À »FŽ ÀsŽ'υ Ž À Q\[zTyÏaŽ_À:Ù ß Í8‰IÀ ÁL¹(É4¸nØ>ʺ8¸Ë
C   
  

.Q%Q Zsr TÃ`uæ Zsr T… QG[zT  r UW‰



.Q%Q Zst T `uæ Zst T… QG[zT  t UW‰a=



TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z
.µC°
§ —¡CZ  ¡    7£  ZƒÝs¬y¡;Üs­s£ +Ü W¡u¬  ’¡ƒµ

MN* Z Q ›]%[^] Sz] TÌU·QG[ `  …˜S `  … `  T h ã pª=$*($=$3 1@*;1C37$à7BJ 0$=F=$—0$8*Ñ)02#%&D*Ñ,8*(# *D9?e #<B +*(=$*5,z3(#
›pR)372=$B4)'B4378*D=8*;,z3(#Œ1 R2S) R$3¨âu0$—1@*;)'0$#%&D*;=$'!zn*(#i%37!$#%—1@*;<02,z'#%d8)'B4 ?QG[^] S_] TÌU ‰2p‘
 

,8*(<*($=$3:,_37#ˆ=$37Š,$0$€<37g=$*(=$37'K“'$=$#<'9?3(g'u<37$)'” 

.Q\[8`’QG[8`  …êSa`  … `  T  h ã T `D… Q%T  # UЉ

.Q’S ` Q\[ ` s…®S ` s… `  T  h ã T ` … Q %T  r UW‰



.Q `qQG[8`  …êSa`  … `  T  h ã T `D… Q %T  t UWa‰ =





 

MNBOç Òã 14*w1C37$à7BJ 0$=:=$ *(#<)'3>=$g1@*~)'0$#%&D*2pNcaPç O(
c U Q\[ `  …ÑS `  … `  Tnh ã p [ U˜c77[ O(caç‹U [ ` QG[ `  … S `  …
`  T  h p$‘—14*(ˆ)'08*()BC37$'%w&a0$'1C&(.”



 [   U æ Q %T'QG[8`…®Su`^… `›T  h ã  ,8*(#<*Œ[  U [^] Sz] ]

 

{=$')BC#Õ1@*6$3(#<9?*(1†,$#%B4$)'B4,8*D1*—1@*")'0$#%&D*—{,8*(#<*(14'1@*"* #
:p3—%+*A*14*6$37#%96*D1*"1@*"%0$,z'#%d8)'B4DK


Š)02,z'# *(9:37*(/ - '1#<'<0$1Jn*(=$3Ì37!N 2B4=$3ÌA1 %9:,$14 3 NK 2K

Zᣠµ’¥ § s*A96*D$#<*A)'1á*(- %B4)+*=$?37!2 '$#~ 6#%%0$1C *(=$35'~02 *(#~1 '37#<'96*A=$?14*EG02$)B+37- 
B49:,$1L/- )BJn*{=$w1@*Œ9?*($#<*i<B4à(0$B4'u<(”
™
 ,8*D#% BC# =$$  ?QG[^]<Sz] TU ‰2p.,_3N=$'9?3( ™ 2)37€ #<*(# U QG[^] S2Tg<B  Uß ‰6‘ ?Qqk8] |~] TŠU ‰ÑQG,z3(#
 %'9?,2143uT›pF028*A&()BC$=8*(=¤=$IQqk8] |~] T‹=$Ì9?*($#<* 0$- 2B4)+*NK  R$37#<t *A!$BC.p^%Bª™ 'F1C0$à€*(#Õ=$5Q’S_] T
  

,_37$9:37ÌQGS.Q\[zTe] QG[zT<T 3(!2 '$=$#<'9?3( U QG[^] SOQG[zT%Tep)'37 QqkaT U Q’k8] |ÕTgU ,z37# 1@*"0$$BC)BC=8*(=.K 

Š)3(#<=8*(9:37ˆâu0$w€ 3($)'
    

c U … Su`NU æ> Q  …  Su`–;T O! =

c7[ # r 

#

r t
 
C            
    F 

1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1.<Õ&a0$1J&7~*
R$37#<*i=$,_$=2B4€<~%371@*(9:€<Õ=$Ցz”
zQ’S2TU PRQGSz] Q  ] S.Q  T%T<T†UWV:Y X Z QG[^] S_] Su`4] QG[^] SOQG[zT%Te] # … r Su`–T$c7[
)3(I')08*()'Bá37- =$~0$14'#wQq*(âu0./- %{<0$,_37$wâu0${S6‘ <37If ã p$*(+/- )'379?3 ~T ”
   

Zsr … Zt r … Zt Q # r … r%r Su` TRUQ Zsr … Zst r T ` =

   

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”

Z^r æÐQ Z^r T `(…˜Q Zt æœQ Zt TÃ`–T r UWa‰ = 

MNB=$ed8$BC9?37 QG[zTRU Œæ Q sZ r Ðæ Q Z t T ` T;O! t  '$9:37'”

Zsr æÐæÐQ Q Zsr T T `(`D… … QGQG[z[zT T   r UWUW‰a‰ =

Zst Zt t

Qg3D 9:37{âu0$Ìâu0$B .*(- ~'% * %,2#<0$'!8$ * A<+*A9‡*D- Õ=$B4#%)' *—,z'#<3A#<âu0$BC#%?=$Ì9¦*(- 2R$B4,ˆ3(-  '<B4‹‘;<37!$#%
 3a=$3A$3A<6à($'# *(1CB +*"ED*(- )'B41C9?'u<Ì*(1)+*D<35=2?,$#%37!$1C9?*({$3 R2371437ˆ37- 9?BC)37'p)379:3143&7'#<9:37~*
)3(u<B4u08*()'Bá37- OK

'%  ')  )    
# '%+

„37$%B4=$'# *(9:37ˆ=${u0$e&736'1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1
\

PQ’S_] TUWV:YIX Z Q\[^] Sz]<Sa`J] ] `CT$c7[

  

)3(IS_] =$*(=8*(ŠIk?‘m‘—)372=$B4)'B4378*D=8*(ˆ,_37#


6Q\[^] S_] Sa`J] ] `JTRU˜‰ =  

g3D 9:37?,$#<BC9?'#<3¨âa02;<B  t U ß ‰¤,z3a=$9:37:evN,$#% *D# ` U  QG[^] S_] S ` ] T̑®,8™ *(#<*FSOQG[zTi=8*(=8*2p

 '$=$#/- *(9:37Œ0$$* ')08*D)Bá3(-  =$BJEG#%$)'B@*(1H,8*(# * )37ê=$3(:)'37$=$BC)BC37$'” Q’kNT?U ] Q’m'T?U š pª'
Q  

=$')B4#'p8<BCA%371402)Bá3(- —Aà7$'# *(1qK   

F  €‰  
 
C     .        4

MNB'114')'<37#‹âu0$B4'#<Ì,8*(<*(#Õ,_37#‹2)B49?*"=$i'%n*—=$BJd8)021Cn*D=.p.143—=2<*(9:37 <# *D *(#Õ=$i<'à70$BC#‹1#<*
3 ^

8*(9:B4'€ 3Š=$ª1@*ˆ$3( * K F7K "37#su0$ #<*g,8*(# Dp(<'à70$BC#<9:37^143(s,$*(<37s=$R1@*Š,$#%0$!8*=$1€<37#%9?* K NK
MN* 6QGSz] ] zT U
6Q\[^] SOQG[zTe]<S ` QG[zT›] Q\[zTe] ` Q\[zT<T †Q\[zT$c7[ ,8*(# *  ' fŒx h jlk8]nm oqK \„379:3‡*(€ '
?Q’S_] ] zT{UԉI,8*(#<*AY X <3N=$3  <BR‘¨837- 1C35<Bª<?)0$9:,$1C?14*A)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- F$3 R$37143(Š37- 9:B4)+*NK"“'$=$#%9:37
  

€<37$)'”


… 
U Q …
Zsr …  r U Q Z^r …  r ` T `
  
`  TÃ` 

Zt


t  UWZa‰ =t

t


NM B U ‰2p8 '$=$#%9:37 0$5,$0$€ 3?)#/-  BC)3:14B4!2#<{=$?P†KgMNB U ß ‰2p8 2=$#<'9?37g1@*Ì)372=$B4)'Bá37-   U ‰?‘

,_37$B4'$=$3 †Q\[zTU QG[zTe”

¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ µC°ê§·¶ƒ¾
Y X Z Q\[^] Sz]<S ` ] ] ` T$c7[¦¸nØeÁ_¿¹ ½ À » Ï ¾L½e¾ À »_¹ ÏaÀgÍ8À Î?QG[^]<Sz] S ` ] ] ` TRUW‰aÄÒ¸ 7¾4ØeÁøe»
Í ¹(Î%¹?ºa» Í ºN»8Á À ½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À QG[zT Ä ê½ À »FŽ ^Ž'… Ž QG[zTáŽzÙ}ß ‰IÁL¹(É4¸nØ>ʺƒ¸Ë
C     
  

 … \
Q z
[ T  æÐQ … QG[zT  T `2UW‰
Zsr … QG[zT  r æœQ Zsr … QG[zT  r T `NUW‰ =


Zt

t Zt t 

TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z
.µ ‡E§ \„372<B4=2#<'9?3('1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1

VÌYIX Z Q\[^] Sz] T$c7[ 

)3($=$B4)'B437$*(=$3i,_37# æ S ` UW‰2pQ’Š=$')BC#'1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1.)1+*(- <BC)3

Y X Z Q\[^] S_] S ` T$c7[zTeK


“s$=$#%9:37”
Z^r …… $`Q\Q\[z[zTRTªUWU˜a‰ ‰ =


Zst 

'‹„14*g%à70$2=8*‹)'08*()B+37- >&(9:37†âu0$ ¨U˜ ß ‰g‘w%0$%<BC 0N‘72=$3{Œ14*g,$#%B49:# *Š '$9:37„” Zsr æQ Z^r T ` U
‰2K


TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z
.µ §{Û~P¬ ZƒÝ Y’¡a¢F£ Z W¡u¬ ’¢ ¡  ᬠ  Zsµ
?'1ƒ %9:,$1C3 NK Npu&aBC9?37âu0$18,2#<37!$1C9?*Õ=$Š$)'37€ # *D#H14*‹)0$#&(*w$)'#%# *($=23>0$8*¤*(- #%+*Õ9‡*y- v2BC96*
,8*(#<*>0$8*Œ1C37$à7BJ 0$=6=8*(=8*2pN,z3a=/- *~=$'<)3(9?,_37$'#<<Õ'=$37Ò,_=8* 37{Q\&7'#ˆ1@*~d8à(0$# * NK uT‘6#%<021Cn*D!8*
A2)37€ #<*(#Š1@*i)02#%&D*:,$*( *(2=$3Ì,z37#~Q’kƒ] ‰€Tep^Q’má]n‰€T„=${143($à7BC<0$=  h ‘")37W*(- #<*2”
 
C            
    F aF

V x $ Su[8`ecaç

U V x $ OS Q Fˆæ Su` T h ã cNç U V Y X S„c€[
=$372=${<w0$83:- 1@*Œ#%1@*D)Bá3(- "[ `  … S `  U FՑ—1@*Œ)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- [ `
Љ2K

L1

B4à$K K 
a b


„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37Š'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1q”
\

i| Q\[^] S2TU V x C$ Sa[ ` caç

)3(F1@*Dw)'37$=$BC)BC37$w=$ÌEG#<37€<# *[Qq‰€T{Uk8]{[Q  h TwUmy]~S.Q’‰€TÕUSOQ  h TwU ‰—‘¤14*—)37$=2B4)B+37- ¨$3
R$371C37Š37- 9:B4)*2”

?QG[^]<Sz]<[ ` ] S ` TRU [ `  …êS `  æ F U˜a‰ =

“s$=$#%9:37Š€ 3($)'”
u[8`NæÐQ  aS ` T `2U˜‰


Q NS‹…  [8J` T `2UЉa=



I0$1J BC,$14BC)+*($=23Œ1@*Œ,$#%B49:#<*Œ)0$*()B+37- I,_37#Õæ S ` p814*Œ<'à70$$=8*Ì,_37# [ ` ‘—%0$96*D$=$3$”

Q ã Q\[8`  …®Su`  T%T `2UW‰a=

„379:3i[ ` …®S ` U 7F p 'g028*i)37$n*(€<(K

\
 F    
 
C     .        4

„379:3i—'1.%'9?,$1C3 K Np ¨U˜ß ‰2p UWß ‰Q :U˜‰Œ)'37#<#%%,z372=$#/- *Ì*(1O%à79:€<3AQqk8]nmeT<T›K ‹!2<$'9?3(

€<37$)'
\   

OQG["æž[ƒxeTU  Su` 

.QGS>æ S(xnTªU æ  [85` =



“s3796*D$=$3&?U $O Q  TH‘ U ["æž[ƒxáp
U˜S~æ S(x+p2<$'9?3(

 

;` 7…
& ã ã U ‰
`
… & U ‰2]
 

)0N‘€*(<371C0$)BC37$'ˆ<37¨”
UWkH)'37á Q &
Š… †T  

UWm %s Q &
Š… „.T = 

‹Õ1@*i#%1@*D)Bá3(- 
' &  U ` 2p 37!2 '$9:37mˆUWk8p U KR=2)BC#p
 

[QLçyTRU h … O)37+Q&$çH… T›] 

SOQLçyTU ›ã… ‹% sQ&2焅 †T.= 

¡u¬ .µ4°¨§ \Ò*(1C)0$14*(#R1@*(R)3($% *(€  h ] eã+] &z] H] ˆ*w,8*(# B4#=2 1@*Dª)'37$=$BC)BC37$ª6k>‘:"mґ
*>,8*D#% BC#H=2‹1@*w)37$=2B4)B+37- ?[ `  … S ` U F7K "#<37!8*D#„âu0$‹14*~<3(140$)'Bá37- "'I0$- $BC)+*6Q’<BOm†æ k   h TR‘?„0$
TVU   Z 

*(#%)3—=$i)(/- #<)'0$1436âa02i,8*( *",_37#‹1C37 =237Õ,$0$€ 3(K P"s37#Õâu0Hi-  '% i)*(<3 R8*+‘I0$8*—<3(1@*6)'37$=$BC)Bá3(- 
QqmHæ k   h T„)08*D$=$3:5'1 %'#<)BC)BC3 K F{'%ƒ*i- n*D9Œ!$Be'- 1@*Œ)3($=$B4)'Bá37-  h  RQqmHæêkaT;O



   




    




      å  
 



¤  
œ

  %< \Ò*(,/-  0$1C36&7'#<9:37Õ)'379?36<i)3(9?,_37#% *(Ñ1@*D )'08*()'B437$'Õ=$Ì0$14'#‹!8* %3—)*(9Œ!$BC37‹=$Œ&D* ^

#<B4*(!$1Cˆ‘A)379:3$p_*?,8*D#% BC#Š=$>'% 3( )+*D9Œ!$B43(g=$w&D*(#<B4*(!$14'Š,z3a=$9:37=$#%BC&D*(#ŠB4€<à7#<*(14'g,$#%B49:#<*(K
%<3—$37‹1C14'&D*(#$*6- *(=29¦*(- Õ*6›v$*D9?BC8*(# 9¦*(-  *?EG37$=$3—'1†,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC36=$>95- $B49?*Ì*())'Bá37- .pz1437EG0$$=8*P^
9:€ 37w=$?1@*—9?')*(- 2B4)+*=$:&(*D#<B@*Dw,$*(#%+/- )021@*(‹‘(p*I,$*(#%<B4#Õ=$?1@*—)'08*()B+/ 37- F=2  *D9?BC1C 3( ^
7*()'37!$Bqp
)3(9?3:*(%€n*(#Š14*(ˆ!8*(%,8*(# *i'1%<0$=$BC3:=2w14*(ˆ)3($=$B4)'B4372Š<02d$)B4'€ Š‘—14*i<37#/- *Œ=${)*(9?,_37'K
 

                
  

\„08*(2=$3i14‹,_=2B49:37Ò*>02A2B $3>âu0$Õ237Ò=$BC!$0 %‹0$$*Œ)0$#&(*Œâu0$Õ028*i*>=$37ˆ,20$€ 37ˆ'—1O,21@*($32p21

#<'<0$1Jn*(=23:%#$*:- 'Ià7'$#<*(1=${1@*ŒEG37#%96*Œ%B4à702B4€<(”


x
a
B4à$K (F K F
b


F  
F    
  C   .  4
 
 

  *   4  
  PA  

 R237# * !2B4Op(i'% *($3( *( R$'9?3(R8*(!21@*(=$3g=$Ò9Œ02)SR8*()'0$#%&D*('p7)+*(%BN<3N=8*D†=$Ò14*EG37#%96*SiU  QG[zTeK

MN'à70$# *D9?'u<6âu0$?1@*—#<'B48* '‹B4=$3$3A ./- *ž9:€ :<3(1@*(9:€ :)02#%&D*(w,8*(# *D9?e #<B +*(=$*({,z37#{[
)0$*($=$3:#<'<371J&NB+3Ì- <0A,$#<37!2149?*2K
 / - ,$0$'g)'08*($=$3:0$$3Ì #<*(!8* <*i0$A,$#%37!$14'96*Œà(379ê'- <#<B4)'3$p$)'379?3Ì'1=${1@*(ˆ)'0$#%&D*('p R8*+‘âa02{<$'#
,$#%<'€ Ì1R$)SR$3—âu0$Œ *(1†)'0$#%&D*6=2!_i,8*(# *D9?e #<B +*(#%<~)379:3ÑQ\[Q %Te]<S.Q %T<TŠ‘I$3—%37143")'379:36SOQG[zTeK
Q R'#Š1%'#<)'B4)BC3 ]^ K 7TÒRA w)+*(%3:<$=2#<9:37Šâu0$w)37$%B4=$'# *(#
zQG[^]<S$TU V x Z Q ›]<[Q %T›] S.Q %Te]<[ ` Q %T›] S ` Q %T%T$
c 


)3(I=$3(')08*D)B43($Š=$w0$14'#”
0$14'# # Q Z T Ù Z # æœQ Z # T `
0$1C# r Q Z T U Zsr Ðæ Q ^Z r T ` =
 R237# * !$BC.pg1‹EG0$$)'B437$*(1 'A02ÐEG0$2)B43(8*(1‹âu0$ =$',z'$=$¨
 =$ 1@*ž)02#%&D*2”  QG)0$#&D*€Tepg$3 =2Ñ<0
,8*(#<*(9:' #%B *()B+37- .”



zQ’)'0$#%&D*€T U V  $ Z Q›]<[Q %T›] S.Q%Te]<[8`@Q %T›] Su`\Q%T<T$c

U V  $ Z Q 2]<[Q 8Te] SOQ 8Te]<[ ` Q 8Te] S ` Q
ƒT%T$c


<Bê'Ì3( #%3Ñ,8*(#8*D- 9?e #<3; *(1Òâu0$—[ Q   TÌU[Q   TepRS.Q
  TÌU S.Q  T~,8*D# *ÑèŒU ‰N]%F7K MaBÒ=$'d$$B49:37i1
)+*D9Œ!$B43A=$?,8*(#8*D- 9?e #<3(    U Q %T›p)37  ` ։FQ’,8*D# *I,2#<%#&(*D#Œ1@*37#<BC€n*D)Bá3(- F=$?1@*)0$#&(*7Tep†‘
=$'$3(n*D9?37ˆ,_37# [A UÐc77[ O(c .p$[ ` UWc77[ O(
c ›p SÌ UÐcuaS O(c .p2S ` UWc€aS O(
c ›pN<$'9?37
Q’)'0$#%&D*€T U V  $ Z Q 'Q
ƒTe]%[^] Sz] [ O › ] S O % T $ c



U V  $ Z Q 2]<[^] S_] [. ] SN T$c


,8*(#<*Œ 3a=$3xá] h K 
'‹!_9:37Ò<$'#”

QZ 'Q 8Te]<[^] S_] [ O › ] S O % T  U Z Q $]%[^] Sz] [ ] SN T

,8*(#<*Π3a=$3$]<[^] S_K
"3(# 143:n*(€<3 $3"=$'!zŒ=2,_$=$'#‹evN,$1L/- )'BCn*D9?'u<~=2 5‘I=$'!z~<#R$379:37à7236=2Œà7# *D=$3F~
Q [^ ] S2 T_= Z
"3(#14*ŒB4=$'€ B4=$*(==$wR0214#'”

[ Z#  … S Z r  U Z
C
a        4 4    A .   4c   F  ë
Q’'%<3?'02I)*(<3:,8*(# B4)'0$1@*D#Ò=$1.<37#%9?*i=$AQg3a'?R2#nT›K
 =29¦*(- p8)'379?3Ì%{&aBC3:'I14*Œ$3( *  >K NK F7p814*(ˆ)'08*()'B437$'Š=$wR0214#Š$3Ì%37IBC$=$',z'$=$B4'€ '”
[Ñ 0$1C# # Q Z T… S— 0$1C# r Q Z TUW‰ =
"†*D# *>9¦*(- H&D*(#%B@*(!214'pu,z37#H %'9?,$1C3>)'37"<02,z'#%d8)'B4ˆ'"1402à€*(#ª=$‹)02#%&D*(pN1O*(#<à7029?'u<3>âu0${*()*(!8* ^
9:37Š=${evN,z3($#g$3?%~à($'# *(1CB +*i,_#%3?'g)'1@*(#%3:âu0$w1 R$'S) R$36âu0$~0$8*Ì<0$,_#d8)BC~%+*:0$I,20$€ 3
)#/- <B4)36=$i0$ÑEG0$$)'B4378*D1†$3—=$'!zi=2,_$=$'#{=$i1@*",8*D# *(9:'<#<B *()B+37- 5'<)'37à7B4=$*2K R'#<'9?37 %<3
1@*Œ%B4à702B4€<w%)')Bá3(- .K

Zᣦ¥8µq¥8§{MaBLpƒ;'1sEG02$)BC378*(1PRQGS$THU
QG[^] S_] S ` T$c€[^pƒ,8*D# *(9:'<#<B *(9:37ŠS.Q\[zTŠ,_37#>QG[Q %T›] SOQ %T<T
 '$=$#%9:37p8)'37 [— UWc7[7O(c
 ‡‰2p^Q’,$*(# *i,$#%Y X <Z '#%&D*(#1@*Œ37#%B4'u *()B+37- —=${1@*i)'0$#%&D*€T›p
PRQ’S2TU V x h Z Q\[Q %Te]<S.Q %Te] S_ Q %T O [† Q %T%T [ Q %T$c U PQG[^] S2T


^*(Š)'08*()BC37$'=2~0$1C#Š,8*(#<*AQG[^] S2Tep$,20$€ 3:)#/ -  BC)3$pN<#$*(- .”

[Z # æ cc  Q Z æ Z^r S O [z TRU˜‰

[Z^r æ c c  Q Zsr TªU˜a‰ =
Š=$)'B4#”
æ c Q æ Sa` TÞU ‰
Z # c7[ Z c Zsr
Zsr æ c7[ Q Zsr TÞU ‰
#<')0$,_#<*(9:37=2„n*96*(2# *1@*(^=$3(')08*()'B4372†=2Ò0$14'#K†R 3g$3 =$'!zH<37#%,$#<'$=$'#*(1u14')'<37#‘€*
âu0$Õ,8*(#<*Œ37!2<$'#ˆ1@*~%à702$=8*i)'08*()B+37- =$Õ0$1C#Ò%Õ0$83i- 0$)*(<3i,8*D#% BC)0$14*(#„=2‹ {*(#%à70$9:€ 3$K
À Áȹ€Ë 9:37ˆ,$#%37!8*(=$3:âu0${1@*iB4€<à7#<*(1O,$#%B49:#<*Ì'Š)37$%)'0$$)'B@*:=$Õ 2#Š0$A,$0$€ 3:)#/-  BC)3$K
                   "          
 ,2#<37!$1C9?*(Œ=$à7'379:' #/- *êQG)379:3Ñ®1@*;%))'Bá37-  *(€ '#<BC37#nT~3 =$—E/- <B4)*2p143(ieva #%9:37Ì=$0$
EG0$$)'B437$*(1 $3ê=$',z'$=$'˜=$'1‹<BC%<9?*ê=2Ñ)3a37#<=$'8*(=8*D—<)'37à7BC=$3$K R'#<'9?376âa02¨'œ'EG)e 3®1437
,$0$€<37g)'#+/-  B4)'37p8'g=2)BC#Š1@*(ˆ%37140$)'B4372Š=$w1@*(Š)'08*()'B437$'g=2>0$1C#p8%375BC$=$',z'$=$B4'€ =$w1437
)+*D9Œ!$B43(ˆ=${)3a37#<=$'8*(=8*DK
 £ Z ).µ’¥8”  £$¢ Ý [Z ^¡ÑÜs­s£ $£$¬ G£$Ý Y’¡ q­ sC¡ W¡a­  G¡a­ á¡
\„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37Š'1.EG0$$)BC378*(1
F   
  C   .  4
 
 


  *   4   
  PA
 

P Q’S_] TRUWVÌY X Z Q\[^] Sz] ] Su`4] `–T%c7[=

  

MNB)*(9Œ!$B4*(9?3(Ò1@*>&D*(#%B@*(!$1C‹=$Õ[Ñ* QG[zTep8<$=$#%9:37
PQ’S_] T U V ÐZ QG[Q 8Te] S_] ] Sa O [^ ] O [O T [_ c
 
 

U V Q
$] S_] ] S8 ] T%c



 

™


=$372=$  =$'$3( *"1@*(g=$#%BC&D*(=8*( )37Ñ#%<,_)e 3A* Op U ^Q’kNT›p š U QqmeTepS ` =2$3( *"1@*(g=$#%BC&D*(=8*D
)3(I#%<,_)e 3?*Ì[=
"3a=$'9?37Š'<)#%B4!$BC#p$%B
Z fŒhe”
PRQGS{…¦‚.] …
&$Tæ¦PRQGSz] TÞU :V Y X Q sZ r ‚>… Z^r ‚2`D… Zst &~… Zt &a`–T$c7[ J =%=%=
 

U V Q r ‚>… r  ‚> … t &~… t  &$ T$c~… =%=%=


  

"3(#‹1@*:0$$B4)'B4=8*D=5=$~1@*6=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*?=$ ƒ#a- S) R$e:Q "#%37,z3(<B4)'Bá37-  nK 2K FyT1C37g=237 N'- #<9:B4$3(g1CB4$*(14'g%37


B4à(08*(14'K \Ò*D9Œ!$B@*D$=$3Ì=$Õ&D*(#<B4*(!$14 A1@*Œ,$#%B49:# *ŒBC€ à(# *(1q”

V Q%Q Z^r [6 æ r T%‚>…˜Q Zsr æ r  T ‚~ …WQ Zst [" æ t T &w…˜Q Zs™ t æ t  T &$ T$c?UW‰
    

,8*(#<*Œ 3a=8*AQL‚.] &$T„'I'1<,$*()BC3?=$Õ<# *(!8* %3$p$A,8*(# BC)0$14*(#ÒIf x @ j ] š oLK



"3(#'1“'37#<'96 *  nK F7”

c Q æ T U [" æ
c  Zsr r 
c Q æ T U Zsr [" æ r =
 

c Zt t  Zt t
 

& 0${,z3a=$'9?37ˆ'<)'#<B4!2B4#”

[Zsr 6 æ c c  Q Z^r TRUQ Zsr æ c7c [ Q Z^r T<T [ U r æ c c  Q r  .T =



Š=$)'B4#p
0$14'# r Q Z TQ\[zT c7c [ U R0214# r Q Z c€c [ T'Q 8T
0$14'# t Q Z TQ\[zT c7c[ U R0214# t Q Z c7c[ T
Q ƒT
 C
a        4 4    A .   4c   F 

" 3(#1C3Œn*(€<3?1C37ˆ,$0$€ 3()'#+/-  B4)'37ˆ$3Ì=$',z'$=$I=$w1@*Œ,8*(#<*(9:' #%B *()B+37- .K

& 0$B *(†'121C)'<37#†,_2 *(#$*‹- âa02Ò 3Õ9>0$)SR$3 <# *(!8* %3‹,8*(#<*Õ*(14à7337!€&aB43$”sieEG)e 3$p7)'379:3 U [^ p
 '$9:37 r U Z^r [^ p r  U Zsr [ O [ U Zsr p‘¤1@*D>=$37>,$#<BC9?'# *(~#<14*()BC37$'><3( <3714*(9?'€ "Z =$3(
9?*($#<*(R=$<)'#<BC!$B4#ª‰wUW‰ RMaB4: 9Œ!8*D#<à73$p€,$ *(# *{9‡*D- R&D*(#%B@*(!214'pu18)*D- 14)02143{=$B4#%)e 3w#<%0$1C *~9Œ02S) R$3
9¦*(- Ò #<*(!8* %37%3$K
 £ Z ).µ ).§  £$¢ Ý [Z
^¡ $£2¬ G£  $£$¬ G£$Ý Y’¡  q­ ^¡ W¡a­  G¡a­ á¡ 
MN*
PRQ OTRU˜V =%=%= V Z Q\[ h %] =%==]<[ 3 ] ^]  #%$ ] =%=%=]  #  Tc7[ h %] =%=%=']nc7[ 3
0$;EG0$2)B43(8*(1†=2'd8$BC=$3",8*D# * QG[ hã ] =%=%=]%[ 3 Tg)'37®QG[ h ] =%=%=]%[ 3 Tg' ‹p.0$Ñ=$3(9?BC$B436*()3( *(=$3"=2   3 =


MN0$,_37$=2#<9:37Šâu0$ Z ‘ 5%37If ,8*(#<*:,_3a=$#ˆ0$<*(#Š1.<37#%9?*Ì=2w14*Œ=$BC&(#%à7$)'B@*2K



MNB R8*D)9:37Š1)*(9Œ!$BC3i=$Õ&D*(#<B4*(!$14'
QG[ h ] =%=%=e]<[ 3 T
Q  h %] =%=%=']  3 T›]
„`@]

 

€<37$)'”


PRQzT U V =%== V Z Q ®QuTe] s]  3      8 O $[  TᎠ•Ñ•;Q\Q [  h %]%] =%=%=%=%=e=e]]<[ 3 T T Žc

h h 3


U V =%==nV ;c
 =

€ 37$)'


PRQ Œ…¦‚ƒT†æ‡PRQ zTÞU V =%== V Q Z D‚>…  Z 

‚ # T$c … =%=%= 

U V =%=%=nVIQ
D‚>…  
‚  T$
c … ==%=


 

"3a=$'9?376B4=$'u<BCd8)*(#614*(6,$*(#%<"1CB4$*(14':‘ 0$ *D#"1 <37#%9?*F=$;14*¤=$BJ&7'#<à7'$)B4*ž )+*D=8*ž0$8*2p


 

<02,z372B42=$3"‚6U˜‰i  åQG‘—,_37#ˆ1C3Ì *(€ 3Ì  ` psQ’,_37#ˆ %'9?,2143:‚IéÑAf x @ Q ŠT%T<T›K
  

V V Z ‹æ  $ [ Q Z 
T  ‚c U V =%=%= V
gæ     Q

T  ‚c

=%=%= 

;
• G
Q [ %=%= =]<[ T
]
  
  

U V =%=%= V Z ‹æ  $[ Q Z 

T  ‚ •ÑQ  h ]%=%==]  3 T c

  

h 3
 
 
  
 
 

Q’)*(9Œ!$B4*($=$3i=2{&D*(#%B@*(!214 Tep$,$*(# *Œ 3a=$3?‚I'5f x @ Q ` TeK "3(#'114'96*  nK ”


 æ  $ [ Q  T  •Ñ•ÑQ\Q [  h ]%]%=%=%=%=%=e=e]<] [ 3 T T U
gæ     Q

T_=

 

Z  Z
h 3
 
 

 

   

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤X£ ).µ’¥F§ g¹
À ¸eɆ½<
¹ -:ƾ À?Ï 2¸ 1Ź(Λ¾’¹€ÆÉ4¸nØ~QG[ h ] =%=%=]%[ 3 T
Q  h %] =%=%=e]  3 TÕÁ ¸e»O¸.- À ØË
F   
  C   .  4
 
 


  *   4  
  PA
 

HºNÉ4¸eÎ NQ Z TQ\[ h ]%=%==]<[ 3 T •Ñ•ÑQ\Q [  h %]]%=%=%====]<] [ 3 T T U +HºNÉ4¸eÎ  Z •Ñ•ÑQ\Q [  h ]%%] =%=%====]]<[ 3 T T  Q  h ]%=%=%=']  3 T_=
h h
+

+H» Í ¹(ΛÁq¾L½eºaÉJ¹(Î{É À Ø Í ºN»8Á À Øi½e΃ ¿ Áq¾L½ À ØÕ» À6Ï ¸ Í ¸e» Ï ¸e» Ï ¸wÉJ¹ÅØ21Ź(Λ¾’¹€ÆÉ4¸nØÚ
3 3

Qg3D 9:37âu0$>'1
7*D)37!$B4*($3:)+*(9>!$B@*i=$~<B4à($3?';*(9>!z371@*D=$37ˆ‘7p_,z3(#1C3: *(€ 3$pƒ,_3N=29:37gâu0$BJn*(#
1.&D*(1C37#ˆ*(!2<371C02 3$K
¡u¬
TVU   Z ) .µ’¥F§ " #<37!$*(#Š% *:#%14*()B+37- —=$B4#%)en*(9:€ Õ)'37A1@*i#<'à71@*Œ=${14*Œ)+*(=$'8*2K
¡a¢ .µ’¥F§ .ÜW¡u¬ ’¡ ^¡;£$¬y¡u£¤¢   ­ ’¢F£.µ‹Ûw¬PZ_ÝYG¡N¢¤£ s¡IÛ YG£ á¡u£8ÜRK
1^*(#<*i=${0$8*Ì<0$,_#d8)BCw,$*(# *(9:'<#<B+*(=8*Œ,_37#~QG[ h ]<[ƒãeT„ƒ*Ì- =8*(=8*Ì,z3(#”
TVU XWY[Z*) 

|iQ  h ] _ã] 
TRU V V Ž4Ž FQG[ h ]<[ƒãnTyŽ4Žc7[ h c7[ƒã
=$372=$  'g14*Œ$37#%96*(1.*Ì14*Œ<0$,_#d8)BC~=$*(=8*i,z3(# 

 QG[ h ]%[ƒãeTU Q  h Q\[ h ]<[ƒã›Te] _ãáQG[ h ]<[ƒã›T›] 

QG[ h ]%[ƒã›T<T ]'  
=
 U 

 =
"3(#Ò143> *(€ 3$”    U   $   ŽÅ<'
ƒŽ p
~1Õ*D- $à70$1C3Œ€ #%Õ1437H=$37Ò&()'<37#<'ˆn*($à(€ '
#%$ # 

‘  #K %
# $ #  #%$

u3 My
x2
N

M (x 1 , x2 )

Mx

Ω
x1

u2

u1

B4à$K aK F

 C
a        4 4    A .   4c   F 

3(#1C3Œn*(€<3$”
"

  U      Q FŠæž)3( ã
7T $
U
  #%$#%$  ã  #  #   ã æ Q #%$   #  T ã  $ =
MNB1C1@*(9?*(9:37„*$ U  ãp U  # $   #  ]  U   #   ã QG&7'#Š1%'9?,2143  ŒK 2K €Tep2<$'9?3(
Z
   UQ  ˜æ ã T $ U Q’=$e|ÕT $
# $

=$372=${| 'Š1@*i96*Å #<B(” Z


Z

=

g3D 9:37âu0$    R$3(9?37à($'3ˆ=$Rà7# *(=234FªZ '
 #%$ ‘gn*(9>!$Be'- Õ  #  py,z3(#.143Ò *(€ 3$pá '$=$#%9:37


1@*DˆB4=$'u<B4=8*D=$Š=$w0$14'#”
Q

    U      U  
Q’'%<~'3D #<3Ì)*(<3:,8*(# B4)'0$1@*D#Ò=$1.<37#%9?
*i$ =$A Qg3a'? # R2 #nT›K


#%$  

^*(Š)'08*()BC37$'=2~0$1C#Š<'#8*(- O”

0$14'#  Q Z TQ\[ h ]<[ƒã›TRU $[  QG=$'|‹T  $

$  … 8 [ƒã  Q’=$e|ÕT  $
  UЉ
n*()'08*()'B437$'Š<{1414*(96*D"=$ ^*(,$1@*D). h^ D„1J #<*(9?Bƒ‘"<B42A1@*(ˆ,$#%37,$BC=8*(=2Š<BCà70$B4'€ '”
  

MNEB R8*()'9:37:1Š)+*(9>!$B43 =$&D*(#<B4*(!$14'IQG[ ]<[ƒãeT
Q  h ] ãnTi1@*Ñ)'08*()'Bá37-  =$50$1C#:< #<*($%EG3(#<9?*

<'àÒ0$- A1O<37#%9?* aK F7K  R$37# *i!$BC h
  U  $ [  h … 8 [ƒ ã
$ #%$
$ [ h #  8[ƒhã
  U   +ã h   …  #   ã =
 #%$
MNB | 'g14*Œ96*D<#<B ‹)37#%#<'<,_37$=$BC€ ~*AQ  h ] +ã›T›p$=$ <*(9?3(g*D1.14')' 3(#p$)'379?3Ì %#<)'B4)'B43$pa&7#%BCd8)*(#Šâu0$(”


 

|WU P |~PN] =$37$=$iP5U #% $$ #% $  1@*Œ9?*D<#<B  <*()37!2B@*(8*NK

 
  
  

"3(#1C3Œn*(€<3
# #
$ 

Q’=2' |ÕT $ UQG=$'|‹T $ •Ñ•ÑQ\Q [  h ]<] [ƒã›ãeT T  

h
  
 
 

1.<37#%9?* NK F{=$BC){<3(1@*(9:€ D”  

0$14'#  Q’=$e|ÕT $ Q\[ h ]<[ƒãeT •;•ÑQGQ [  h ]<] [ƒã›ãeT T U R0214#  QG=$' |ÕT $ Q  h ] +ãnT

  



h
  
 
   
 
F ë ‰  
  C   .  4
 
 

  *   4  
  PA  

‘I,8*(# *"'1†,$#%37!$1C9?*6=$i*(#%+*"9I/- $BC96*Np8âa02i1@*6')08*()'Bá37- Ñ=2 s*D,$1@*()'.^ D„1J # *D9?B%i *D<B4%E’*D)ŒBC$=$.^

,_$=$BC€ '9?'€ w=${1@*(ˆ)'3N37#%=$$*(=8*(Š%)37à(B4=8*('K
œ,8*(#%<B4)'0$1@*(#:=8*(=23®02 ,$0$€
3 ¤xáp<Ñ,$02=$'˜'<)3(à7#—14*(6&D*(#<B4*(!$1CÑQ h ] +ã›T: *(14'"âu0$Ñ<*(
1@*D~)'3N37#%=$$*(=8*(~ž14*I!8*(%6=8*D=8*5,_37#~1C37{&7)e 37#%i,$#%37,$BC37~=261@*9?*D #%B Ì|>p'€ 37$)' | <'#8* -
=$B4*(à7378*D1LcK "†*(#<*âu0$   U   Q ?] Z ] >Tg,20$=8*<'#ÕB4€&7'#%<B4!$1C(p Ì,$#%3N)'=$BC9?BC€ 3—%37143—'{&„*(- 1CB4=$3


¨0$8*—&7')BC$=8*(=¤=$ ¨x+0K "s3N=29:37w*(=$9¦*(- 'ps9:=2B@*(€ Ì0$¨)+*D9Œ!$B43—=2?'<)+*D1@*¤QG‘€*âu0$ ?] Z ] 

<3(®=2#<BJ&D*(=8*(Œ)'37ê#<'<,_)'<3¨*  h ] ã›Tw<$'#  U '®' *;&7')BC$=8*(=.KFu<37$)'IQ’=$e |ÕT $ U
Q  >T $ UQ œ… ~T O NK
  

   

I14*(Ò)'3N37#%=$$*(=8*(~Q  ] ã›Tep$14*(Ò')08*()'B4372Š<37  UЉ2KR%<3?âu0$BC#<Õ=2)BC#ˆâu0$~'1@*Œ9:' #%B4)*

=8*(=$*5,z3(#Œ|>p14*(~EG02$)BC37h $   <37ê*D#<9¦37- $B4)*(K  ,8 *(# BC#~=$"*(âu0$B R8*+‘¤0$8*;9Œ0N‘F!_37$BJn*I)'37$_^


vNBá37- I€ #%Œ<02,z'#%d8)'B4 =$Œ*(#%+*:95/- $B49?*>‘A<0$,_#d8)BC‹=$ BC9?*($.K1s14)e 37#B4€<#<' *(=23",z3a=$#$* -

)3($<0$1Jn*(#Š*D14à„0$- —1CB4!$#%3i*+&(*D +*(=23?=${à7'379:' #/- *Œ=$BJEG#%$)'B@*(1qK
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z*).µ ) 2§ T4Y YG£ WY’£ ’£8­ Z¨¡N­  Z Z_¬ ^¡a­s£ ^£  WVZ7YG£$¬y¡ (µ
M2*(!_9:37ˆâu0$w1@*Œ')08*()'Bá37- A=$ ^*(,$14*() 5'g14*Œ)'08*()B+37- A=$wR0214#ˆ=2 Z U æŒQ  ã …  ã ;T O
NK
r


MNB R8*D)9:37Š1)*(9Œ!$BC3i=$Õ&D*(#<B4*(!$14'ˆ*i)3a37#<=28*(=$*(Š,z3714*(#<'” #

[ U †)'37
N] SiU %
i] € 3($)' ” ѕѕ QQ y]Å] S$
7TT U y]


U  ) 37
Š…  <

 U  # < '
… r  )37

ã …  ã O
# ã U  ã …  r ã =
r


"3(#'1. '37#<'96* NK F7”

#

"U
 Q 
T…  Q SO
ã T_=

 

Š=$')BC#
—U 
s… SO
Š… ?O
=

ã
TVU¡u¬   Z ).µ ) §ˆ$)3(u<# *(# ^p8 #%Š=$B49:2<B43($'p$A)3a37#<=28*(=$*(K


F7]
K \„BC1È/- 2=$#<BC)+*(
NK%E+'- #<BC)+*(

)3(I'% {9ê'- <3N=$3i‘—=2B4#<')' *(9?'€ (K

C
a        4 4    A .   4c   F ëF
 £  Z .µC°.§ ¬y£8­  Zƒ¬D¢¤£  Z_ ­ ^¡Y„¡ Ws£  Z ¬y¡u« Y’£ ^¡ YG£ 7£ s¡a­^£
) 

MNB,8*D# *i1.EG0$2)B43(8*(1
PRQ’S2TU V Y X Z QG[^]<S.Q\[zTe] Su`4QG[zT<Tc7[
)+*D9Œ!$B@*D9?37'p^$35%371@*(9:€<?14*&D*(#%B@*(!$1CiB4$=2,_$=$BC€ :[^p†,_#%3In*D9Œ!$Be'- F14*—EG02$)B+37- FS_p'>=$')BC#
QG[^]<S$T
Q ^] NTe” 

y v

x u

B4à$K aK 
a b


€ 37$)'Š0$8*i)'0$#%&D*ŒSÌU˜SOQG[zTR=8*i0$8*Œ)'0$#%&D*i1z%,8*()BC3IQ^] NTª,_#%3i$3i$)'<*(#<B4*(9?'€ Õ=$Õ14*

EG37#%96* ÌU zQzTep$)'379:3:'Š1)+*D<3:)08*(2=$3?%37143i%w<# *(2%EG37#%96*i*Œ[^K

 

"†*D# *ž'&aBJn*(#"'1 ,8*D,z'1 %,z')B4*(1‹=$;14*¤&D*(#<B4*(!$1CA[˜)379:3ž,8*D#8*(- 9:'<#<3$pˆ,8*D *(#%9:37",$#%B49:#<3ž*ž0$

,8*(#$*(- 9:' #%3;B42=$,_$=2B4€< ›pR,z37#~%'9?,$1C3;ÐjŸ‰2]%F'oLK ^*;)02#%&D*êQG[Q%Te] SOQ %T%Tw=8*(#$*;- € 3($)':028*
)02#%&D*5Q Q %Te] OQ %T<TÙåQ †Q\[Q %T›] S.Q %T<T›] zQG[Q %T›] SOQ %T<T%Tª{B4€&(#<<*(9:€ DK

 

PRQ\[^] S$TÞU V x h Z QG[Q%Te] SOQ %T›] S O [z T [‹ c


U V x h Z QG[Q Q %Te] OQ %T<T›] S.Q Q %Te] OQ %T<T›]yQ’S  Œ …®S  a ;T O$QG[  Œ …ê[  N T<T'QG[  i … [  2 T$
c 


   

Ù V x h ?Q ^] ƒ] O ] N T$c U P h Q ^] N.T =

  

Š=$)'B4#ˆ '$9:37Š1@*Œ)'379?,_37%B4)B+37- —=${37,_#<*(=$37#%”

f h jŸ‰2]%Fo ;f h jŸ‰2]%F'o æ
f h jl‰N]%Fo Ñf h jŸ‰2]%Fo
æ
 
Q †Q %Te] zQ %T<T„æ
Q\[Q Q %T›] Q %T%Te] SOQ Q %T›] zQ %T%T<Tªæ
PRQ\[^] S$T


 
F  ë  
  C   .  4
 
 

  *   4  
  PA
 

$= 372=${<0$,_37$'9?37Šâu0$w1@*><# *(2EG3(#<9?*()B+37-  Q^] NT„æ
QG[^] S2T„fŒheK



“s$'9?37Š,$02”
P h Q ^] NTU PRQGzQ ^] NT<TU P
ŠzQ^] NT
  

‘—$3(BC€ #%<*:%0I=$'#<BJ&(*D=8*i=$ ƒ#a- S) R$e+K

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤£).µ )˜§F©"¡u« Y’£ ^¡ YG£ 7£ s¡a­^£z´yµ ¶.¸<¹(» 5] R] Á’Î ¸nØ"¸nØ Í ¹a½e¾ À Øi» À Î_-:¹ ÏaÀ ØnÄRƒ]P ÏaÀ Ø
ÀnÍ ¸eÎ%¹ ÏaÀ Î ¸nØ „» À É ¾\»O¸<¹(É4¸n،¸e» a¸e»O¸eÎ%¹(É "½ À » Ï ¸eÎe¾51Ź Ï ¹ÅØ Ï ¸.Ά¸á¿ ½ ¸eÁ


 

æ
æ
]=
 

+H»8Á À »O½n¸n؋ P ˆÑÁ’¾L¸e»O¸wºN»_¹ Ï ¸eΛ5¾ 1Ź Ï ¹ Ï ¸ Oΐ¸á¿ ½ ¸eÁ„½ À »

•ÑQ
P ˆNTQ †T<‚6U˜•IPRQGOQ T<T•6zQ T%‚.]
  

Í ¹(Î%¹?Á ÀÏ ¹i‚¦¸e» ¤Ä ÏaÀ » Ï ¸{ÉJ¹ÅØ Ï ¸eΛ5¾ 1Ź Ï ¹ÅØ Ï ¸ Oΐ¸á¿ ½ ¸eÁ†Ø À » ÀnÍ ¸eÎ<¹ ÏaÀ Î ¸nØ{É ¾\»O¸<¹(É4¸nØ


Ûw¬DÜ^¡uÝ£O” Š )'37#<=$*(#<'9?37ˆâu0$

P Q’SՅ
&$T†æ‡PRQGS$TUЕIPRQGS$T &Յ NQ  &  T
=$372=$‹•IPQ’S2T„”
œÒ0$637,z'# *(=237#H1CB4$*(18)3(u<B4u0$3$K  =$9¦*(- ªzQ i…¨‚_T_æ5zQ TRUW•?OQ T<‚…
NQ  ‚ 
T„=237$=$~•6zQ T„”
åŠ0$A37,z'# *(=237#ˆ14BC$+*(1O)37€ BCu0$3$K
  
 

€ 37$)'
RP QGzQ …¦‚ƒT<T†æ‡PQ’zQ †T<T
 
U •IPQ’zQ T%TQGOQ —…‡‚ƒT†æžzQ T%T… NQ  zQ … ‚_T†æFOQ T  T
    
U •IPQ’zQ T%T%•6zQ T<‚w… •IPQ’zQ †T<T NQ  ‚ 
T…
  
… NQ  •6zQ †T<‚  …  2Q  ‚ 
T  .T =


\„379:3Ì1437ˆ37,_#<*(=$37#%ˆ‘—#%<BC=$0$37Š%37I)'37€ BCa0237”

PRQ’zQ A… ‚ƒT<T†æ‡PRQGzQ T%TUW•IPRQGzQ T%T%•6zQ †T<‚w… NQ  ‚ 

_T =
   

"3(#14*Š02$B4)'B4=8*(=w=$ª1@*ˆ=$'#<BC&D*(=$*=$ 8#a'- S) R$'ÒQ "#<3(,z37%B4)'Bá37-  nK 2K FyTepD1u#<'<0$1Jn*(=23gâu0$'=8*g=$'9?3(% #<*(=$3$K

& K ˆ(K 'ŒK

 âu0./ -
C
a        4 4    A .   4c   ë
F 

•IP
ˆzQ^] NTQq‚] &$T U V x h Q<Q gæœQ  D T  T%‚>…„æÐQ  + T  T &$T%c




U V x h  0$0$141C'## N7QQ >~T'TQQ%%TT   ‚&  c
_=



QLMa0$,$0$%B49:37Šâa02
Ì] ^] 6%37;f ã ,8*D# *Ì,z3a=$#ŠBCu<à7#<*(#Š,z3(#,$*(#%<,8*(# *?‚I‘ &—;f x @ jŸ‰2]%FoqK„ 3

B42)' *(#%B43$K "=2B49:37*(1^14)e 37#Šâu0$~0$<w1^9:B4<9:3:*(#<à(0$9?'€ 3:âa02>I1 \Ò*(%3 NK F>,8*D# *Ì1414'à€*(#


*(1.#%%0$1C *(=$3uT›K
'‹1O9?BC<9:3i9?3a=$3

•APRQG[^]<S$T'Q $] $TU}V x h  0$0$1C1C## # QQ Z [z[z T'TQQ %%TT    
c _=

 

rZ 

 =29¦*(- •6zQ ^] NTQq‚] &$TU



 
U  [S  [S    ‚& 
‘€*~âa02 [Q  …¤‚.] ҅ &2TzæI[Q s] 2TªUœ[ (‚…Ñ[  &ˆ… 2QnŽŸ‚†Ž…‡Ž &sŽTR‘:0$8*>›vN,$#<'<Bá3(- *(Š*(- 1C37à€*{,8*(# *w1@*wSzK



“s$'9?37Š'u<37$)'”
¡ Zƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ )µC°œ§ À »¤ÉJ¹AÁ’Î<¹(»2ØG¼ À _Î -:¹a½e¾8À ¿ »FQG[^] S2T
Q ^] NTnÄÒÉJ¹ÅØ6¸n½eº2¹a½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï c¸ +HºNÉ4¸eÎ>ØḌÁqÎ%¹(»2Ø 
¼ À _Î -:¹(»_Ë
C 

 +HºaÉ4¸eÎ Nj Q\[Q ^] NTe]<S.Q s] 2T›]yQ’S  Œ …êS  a T O$Q\[  Œ … [  a T%T QG[  Œ …ê[  N T oÈQ %T U
+„ºaÉ4¸eÎ (j Z QG[Q s] 2T›] SOQ ^] NTe]yQGS  >
ɨS  a ;T O$QG[  Πɐ[  N T<T G
Q [  Œ …ê[  N T oÈQ %T 

   


Z 

 [ 
 

S   +HºaÉ4¸eÎ # j Z QG[^] S_] CS O [O T [8 oÃQ %T



[  S   +HºNÉ4¸eÎ r j Z QG[^]<Sz] S O [z T [ƒ oÃQ %T 

Š)3(#<=$'9?37Šâu0$?Q Q3(n* F7K FyT›”

0$14'# # Q Z [z T'Q %TRU [ QLMN'à70$$=$*~)'08*()'Bá37- Ì=$g0$14'#nTe]

0$1C# r Q Z [z T'Q %TUW0$1C# r Q Z T'QG[zTQ [O Te] Q’“s37#%9?* NK Fá.T =
5,8*D#% BC)0$14*(#Š<B^1EG0$2)B43(8*(1PRQGS$T„ BC${0$5,$0$€ 3?)#/-  BC)3IQ’,_37#143in*(€<361@*D=237 ')08*()'B4372=$
0$14'#„%37—‰€T›pN!8* %3>1@*{ #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- .pu1ƒEG0$$)'B4378*D1^P h  '$=$#8*~- 0$",$0$€<3Œ)#/-  BC)3~ B4€&(#<<*(9:€ DK
Qg3D 9:37wâu0$6%Bª,_37$'9?3( U Z [^ p†€<37$)'>,8*D# *I02F)+*D9Œ!$B43A=$Ì&D*(#<B4*(!$14'{F14*({EG0$$)BC37$'
QG[Q %Te] SOQ %T%TH '$9:37Š1@*>EG37#%96*Œ9¦*(- ˆ)'379?,$*()' *2”
 0$14'# NQ ;TQ %T  [  S   0$14'# Q ÑTQ %T


U
0$1C# 7Q ÑTQ %T  [  S   0$14'# #r Q ÑT'Q %T 

#< 8<*D$=$3ž%371@*(9:€<I']1 R$'S) R$3 âu0$;'%n*D9?37?0$ *D$=$3ž14*¨#%à714*¤=$I1@* )+*(=$'8*ž,8*(#<*¤)*(14)'0$1@*(#Ì14*

=$'#<BC&D*(=$*Ì=2 8#a- S) R$eg=2:P h Q ^] NTU
P ˆzQG[^] S2TeK



 ë
F   
  C  
 
 

  *   4  
  PA 
.  4 

TVU¡u¬  Z*)µC°¦§ R2)37€ #<*(# 14*Ì<# *(2%EG37#%96*()'Bá37- =$~1@*(Š')08*()'B4372 =2Œ0$14'#p_)08*D$=$36%>)*(9Œ!$B4*

QG[^]<Sz] T
Q^] ƒ] ‹Tepa,8*(#<*Ì'1.EG0$$)'B4378*D1L”„PQ’S_] TRU
Y X Z QG[^] SOQG[zT›] S ` QG[zT›] Q\[zTe] ` Q\[zT<T$c7[^K
     

TVU¡u¬  Z*)µ  § R2)37€ #<*(# 14*Ì<# *(2%EG37#%96*()'Bá37- =$~1@*(Š')08*()'B4372 =2Œ0$14'#p_)08*D$=$36%>)*(9Œ!$B4*

QG[^]<Sz] T
Q^] ƒ] ‹Tª,8*D# *i1.EG0$2)B43(8*(1L”
  

PQ TRU V V Z QG[^] S_] Q\[^] S$T›] # ] r T$c7[_c€S =

   

 *D)#Š,$#%B49:#%3i0$8*i # *D$%EG37#%96*D)Bá3(- ¨QG[^] S2T
Q $] 2TepN,8*(#<*Ì3(!2 '$#0$—EG0$$)'B4378*D1




PQG[^] S_] TUWV V QG[^] S_] ]%[  ] S  ]  ]<[ ] S ] T$
c €c =



   

g<*(#Š=$%,$0H'-  1@*Œ#%à714*Œ=$w1@*Œ)+*D=$8*N K

¡a¢ .µC° §  Zz­  [Z_­s¡  ^¡ á¬y£8­ _¡a¬ £ Y s£ ªµ
R#%9:37ˆ)3(9?3Ì37!2<$'#ˆ1@*(ˆ)'37$=$BC)BC37$ˆ=2{<# *(2%&7'#<<*(14BC=8*(=)08*D$=$3Ì0$Aeva #%9:3:=2w14*Œ)0$#&D*Ì%
TVU XWY[Z*)

,$0$'=$w9?3á&7'#Š<37!$#%{0$8*Ì)0$#&(*Ì=8*(=$*ÌSiU ÒQ\[zTep8)3(9?3ÌA1 %9:,$143 >K K 2K



y v

I −1

A A

x u
a+b−ϕ (A)
−1
a b c b

B4à$K aK 


NM B ¤ˆ9:37Š3(- <378*{‘6%37!$#<Dp$,8*(#<*>)+*D=8*QG[^] S2TR$*á‘?0$8*Œ)'0$#%&D*ŒSÌU ÒQG[{…Fm†æzTªâu0$Õ,8*(<*Œ,z3(#„%

,$0$€<3$K
 

MN*:'u<37$)'1@*Œ #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- .”

ä —U [̅®Œm„UÐæ S  h QGS$T

 ä [U ?æ SÌmU …  h Q NT =



 
C   2  4   4  E       F(ë ë
^*—)0$#&(*S5U „QG[zT‹)37#%#<'<,_37$=$:*1@*"#<')' * FUåmáp^‘;1437Õ,$02u<37{)#/ -  BC)37Õ'%8*(- ¤1CB4à€*D=$37 ,_37#Õ14*
ED37- #%9Œ0$1@*Œ=21“s37#%9?* aK 2K


 R237# *Ì!$B4'5,8*D# *—P Q^] NTRU P zQ^] NTep81C37ŠB4$)'#<'9?'u<37~QL‚.]&$Tˆ<3(In*D14Šâu0$Œ‚sQ’‰€TªU &OQq‰€TªU}‰

Q’1CB4à€*D=$37Ò'žQ’kƒ]<|ÕT<T›pƒh ‚^Q FyTRUЉIQG14BCà€*(=$3i'5meTep&OQ FyT„'1CB4!$#%(K
 

'‹Õ1@*i#%à714*Œ=${1@*i)+*(=28*Ì37!2<$'9?37'”

V x h  0$0$1C14'##  Q Q%%TT   ‚&  …      ‚&  xh U

  



V x h  •  0$0$1414''## # QžQ %%TT    ‚&  …  €•  #    ‚&   xh




  

r r



=$372=$
• U  [[  SS    U  ` F  h ‰ F  =

"†*D# *QL‚.] &2THAf x @ jl‰N%] Fo.3(!2 '$9:37Ò=$Õu0$e&73Ì1@*~B4€&D*(#<B4*($)B4*~=$ 1@*(Ò')08*D)B43($ˆ=$‹R0214#'p$,_37#„1C3
n*Du<3$”
 
 

 ‚ h  
  &  x U • #     &  x = 
 ‚ 

h
r
 


\„379:3Ì<371C3 &.Q FyTÒ,$02=$w<'#=2BCEG#%€ {=$w‰2”
 


 U s`  h … 
UW‰2]
  h

# r   h
  
 

‘€*Ìâu0$(pƒ'I0$A,$0$€<3?)'#+/- <B4)'3$p214*Œ=$#%BC&D*(=8*i=$ 8#a'- S) R$'g=$!_{<'#g‰NK

 

\„379:3

U Z QG[^]<Sz] S O [z T [^ ] #  U Z æ Zsr S O [^ ] r  U Z^r ]

<{37!N B4'$
Z æœQ’Su`uæ s`–T Zsr Ž UЉa=



TVU¡u¬   Z).µ W§i“s# *Ån*(#w*(1)*(<3I=$Ì1@*—=$BJEG# *()')Bá3(- Ñ,z37#{0$$*A)'0$#%&D*¤QG&7'#~'1 %'#<)BC)BC)3  ŒK K T =$
n*Ì96*D$#<*2K
           "!    !   
37{,$#<BC$)BC,$B43( &D*(#<B4*()BC378*(1C‹'F1@* A)*D- $B4) * R8*DF,_#<9:BC<B4=$361=$' *(#%#<371C143=$i 3a=8*—n*I,$*(#%<
=$Ñ14* Ò/- %B4)*F=$Ñ0$8* 9?*($'# *F9Œ02S) R$3ê9‡*(- 6'd8)'B4€<¨âu0$Ñ%B‹< Ru0$!2B4#<*ž # *Ån*(=$3 =2Ñ96*(€<$'#
0$- $BC)+*(9:€ i02¨,20$€ 3A=$i&NBC% *A9:B4)'#<37%)37- ,$BC)3*(1†B4à708*D1@*(#EG0$# +*({‘ *()'14'# *()'B4372p%à„0$- ¨1@*"1C'‘
=$ Qg 'ˆ 37Ops'¤,$*(#%<B4)021@*(#‹,_37#Õ14*"=$BCd8)'0$1C *(=Ñ=$Ì)3($)',2 08*D14B *(#‹ED*(- )'B4149:€<Œ<*({$3N)'B4372Õ,8*(#<*
F
ë  
  C   .  4
 
 

  *   4  
  PA  

<BC%<9?*(i)379:,$1CB4)+*D=$37K  =29¦*(- !Ru0$!z3 %B49:,$#%—1@*5BC=$+*;d81C3783(- d$)+*;âu0$'‹B437'p3 1@* Q *Å 0$#<*(14 +*2p

 #<*(!8* <*ied8)BC€ '9?'u<~‘—âu0$Dpƒ,z37#Š1C3Œn*(€ 32pƒ*(14à73Ì=$'!z{%#9?BC$B49:B *(=$3>,$*(# *iâu0$w)+*(=8*Ì)3( *Ì
1a0$$BJ&7'#<<3‹EG02$)BC37$ QG&7'#,_37# %9:,$143g1a,$#<BC$)BC,$B43=$ ƒ'#<9?*D›T›K ^3(†,$#%B49:#<3({›- v2BJ 37=$1a\—*(- 1C)0$1C3
=$ ª*(#%B@*()'B4372pN141C'&D*(#<3(—*Œ1437 D„#%$370$1C14BLpN0$14'#„‘ ^*(à7#<*($à7iQ’€<#<Õ3(<#<37 TÒ*Œ!$0$<)*(#ˆEG0$$)'B4378*D14
)0N‘€*Ì9?BC$B49:B *()B+37- ?1C14e&(*D# *Œ*Œ14*(Ò14e‘7'>Q\‘*Œ143(ˆ#<%0$1C *(=$37ˆ›vN,z'#<B49:€ *(14'nTª‘7*:)'37$3a)B4=237KR%<
,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC3¨=2I9I/- $BC96*Ñ*D))B+37- ¦=2 ^*(à7#<*($à7EG0$ #<*($%EG3(#<9?*(=$3¨,z37# g*(9?BC1C<37ÐQ R8*D)B@* F  ë TŒ
,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC3F=$ *()')B+37- ‡n*()'B437$*(#<B4* Q’'"=$)'B4#"!20$<)*(#—,$0$€ 3(—)#/-  BC)37 T̑‡,20$14BC=$3F,_37#
7*()'37!$Bg
F  K

MNBqps,_37#Õ %9:,$143$p^'F1)*(<3A=$:1@*—14e‘Ñ=$ Qg 'ˆ 37¤,8*(# **  ,8*(#á/- )'0$1@*DÕ)37¨)3a37#<=28*(=$*(  Q %Tep

  
,8*(# *I)+*(=8*Iè<p!$0$%)+*(9:37Œ028*IEG0$$)'Bá37-  gQ ›]  ]  T{n*D1Hâu0$—14*(~')08*D)B43($Œ=2—0$14'#>=$'1


EG0$$)'B437$*(1
 

 zQ h %] ==%=] TRU V  $ Q ›] h ] =%=%=e] T$
c 

  

<*(A1@*(ˆ')08*()'B4372=$A Qg( 'ˆ<37.” +  +



"    U  Q ›] h %] ==%=] T

=$'!z'9?37ˆ<$'#”
 

Z 

Q   T  U  QG<37 #%Š)'08*()BC37$'g,8*D# *i)+*(=$*ÌèÈT =

MNBƒB4=2€ BJd8)+*(9:37)*(=8*ÕN- #%9?BC$3?Q Q3(n* ” 3>23~'H0$$*~9?*($#<*w=2#%%371C&(#ª)0$*()BC37$ 837- 1C3~028*
 

%0$ BCd$)+*()'Bá37- ƒT›”

"   U  ] U 

 '$=$#%9:37


 Z 


 U  " Ž Ž O
‹æ ŒQ ›]


 
ã 
h %] =%==] 3 T


Q’BC€ à(# *($=23:14*Œ,$#<BC9?'# *Œ')08*()'Bá37- 8Tep

Z 
U æ =
g'9?3(1C14'à€*( =$3Œã '€ 37$)' *Ì=2'd8$BC#ˆ1@*i2#<à$/- *i)BC„'- <B4)+*Œ=21^<BC% '96*N”


U "  Ž  Ž O ?‘Ñ*"1@*"'$#%à8/ - *",_3(<$)'B@*() 1  n*D1†âu0$ Z  UÔæ  K^1@*(g)'08*()BC37$'w=2 Qg( 'ˆ<37
<3(I14*(ˆ)'08*()BC37$'=2~0$1C#Š,8*(#<*i1.EG0$$)'B437$*(1



V  $ Q
¦ æ ÕT$
c _=

 R237# *Õ!$BC.p€%B8%<3wEG02$)BC378*‹,8*(#<*Õ0$?%B4 9?*‹)'#<#<*(=$3w=$  ,$*(#%+/ - )021@*('p7Ìà7'$#<*(1 R8*+‘i9Œ0$S) R$*(

#<'%<#<B4)')BC37$ŒE /- <BC)+*(Œ3Ñà(379ê'- <#<B4)*(Œâu0$<=$'!z'ê *D<B4%E’*D)#'K "3(#i%9:,$1C3$pê0$ê83(- 14B4=23$p1@*(
,8*(#á/- )0$14*(R<37?14B4à7*(=8*(14*(R0$8*(H*~14*(R3( #<*(VK "*(# *w 37H)+*(%37H,_3a=$9:37ª,z'$ *(#ª?1_9?3á&aB49:B4' ^
 3>=$ 1C37H)'€ #%37ˆ=$gà7# *+&7'=8*(=.p23Œ9‡*D- Hà7'$#<*(149:€< +Ü WVZ_­s¡u¬wâa02‹1_<BC% '96*~%8*>- =$'<)#%BC<3Œ,z3(#
 C   
      ]   

E  a       4   ]   F ë
> &D*(#%B@*(!214w14BC$+*D149:€ ÌB42=$,_$=2B4€< ]%=%=%=e]  3 p1C1@*(9?*(=8*({14*(  Z Z_¬ ^¡a­s£ ^£ ¨ ª£2«_¬y£8­^« ’£a²

h
­^£ (K‹&aB4=2€ '9?'u<Œ=$'!zŒ=2 R8*(!_#g0$8*6#%14*()B+37- I'€ #<>1@*?,_37%B4)B+37- A=$>14*(g,$*(#%+/- )021@*( ‘I1@*(
)3a37#%=$8*D=8*( ^*(à7# *D$à7B@*D8*(
Ìp8Š=$')B4# U ?Q ~TeK


\„08*(2=$3?14*(ˆ,8*(#á/ - )0$14*(Ò<w9Œ0$e&7'5=$'!z'9?37ˆ<$'#”


U 

¨14*Ì9?*D<#<B  <*()3(!$B@*($*Ì=2w14*> #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- .pN‘"1@*Œ2#<à(B@*i)BC„'- <B4)+*i%w&a0$'1C&7D”

 " Ž Ž ã O wU  k Q ~T   O


  8  8
=$372=${1@*(Šk  8 Q ~T„,$#<3á&aB4'$I=$ K
  U
¦ æ ˜U  k  8 Q >T    8 O
‹æ ŒQ ~T.=
"3(#:'1Ò '37#<'96* NK ®Q’83(- 143 R8*+‘ž #<*($EG37#<9?*()B+37-  =$ pª$3   %Ti1C37i,$0$€<37?)'#+-  B4)'37Œ=$ %37
B42=$,_$=2B4€<=${1@*> #<*($EG37#<9?*()B+37- .pa 29:37Š€ 372)1 Ws¬ q­ [W [Z ^¡ A£8¢ /  Y %Zz­R”


.¹Å؝ÁqÎ%
¹ B€¸n½eÁ À Λ¾’¹ÅØ Ï ¸ÉJ¹ÅØ Í ¹(ΛÁÅ ¿ ½eºNÉJ¹ÅØÕ¸e»—ÉJ¹ÅØÕ½ ÀáÀ Î Ï ¸e»_¹ Ï ¹ÅØ .¹ (Î%¹(» (¾’¹(»_¹ÅØÒØ À »—É À Ø Í ºa»8Á À Øw½e΃ ¿ Á’¾L½ À Ø Ï ¸eÉ
¼›ºa»O½e¾ À »_¹(É Ï ¸~¹a½n½e¾8À ¿ »_Ë
OQ  h %] ==%=]  3 TUWV  $ Q › ] Ì] ~T $c 
½ À »   Q  x›T›]   Q  h T Ï ¹ ÏaÀ ØÚ 

^*(Š)'08*()BC37$'=219:3y&aBC9?BC€ 3i%37I'€ 37$)''”

c Q  TRU  ] èU F7] =%=%=e?] >†]  Q  x›T›]  Q  T„=8*(=237% =

c
    h
Qg3D 9:37âa02Ò<B
ê‘  $3‹=2,_$=$'Ì=$ ^ ‘ ‡23‹=$,_2=$Ò=$ QG<B4 '96* )'37$%#%&D*D<BC&(3uTs'u<37$)'
 


1@*Œ'$#%à8/- *Œ<3(n*(#1
ê&…  <w)37$%#&(*NK Q\&7'#g'1 %9:,$1C3  ŒK 2K F(K T›K
 
                          !  
\ „37$%B4=$'#<'9?37*
R237# *i1.EG02$)BC378*(1
zQ  h %] =%==]  3 TRU}V  $ Q ›]  h ]%=%=%=']  3 ]  h ]=%=%=e]  3 T$c

=$372=$ I's)'08*(1Câa02B4#zEG0$$)B+37- {fŒh Q ^*(à7# *D$à7B@*D8*„ I')*(- 2B4)+*7TO)37{)3($=$B4)'B4372   Q  xeTU˜|  ]   Q  TU

 K
^*(Š)'08*()BC37$'=2~0$1C#Š<3(I'u<37$)'”

Q   T  æ  UW‰2] èU F7] =%=%=] >

 
F
ë  
  C   .  4
 
 

  *   4  
  PA  

„=$)'B4#pN0$—<BC%<9?*>=$>;')08*D)B43($Ò=2‹<'à70$$=$3i3(#<=$'.p   á¡a¢F£ I£8¢ Y  Z_­ G£8­Zspu'—à7$'# *(1

9Œ02‘"=$BCE/- )B41_=${#<'<371J&7'#K
MNB,_37$'9?37  U    2=$#<'9?37'”


U Q  xeTUÐ| ] Q  TRU˜ ]
  h
  

Q  t T  U    


0$A<BC% '96*i=$ >Ñ')08*D)B43($=${,$#<BC9?'#Ò37#%=$.K

 

 *+‘(pª%B4ê9>!8*(#<à(3$p0$8*Ñ9?*($#<*;9‡*D- Œ<BC9êe-  #<BC)+*5=2—1414'à€*(#~*;0$ê<BC% '96*;=2  > )'08*()BC37$'i=$

,$#%B49:#Ò37#%=$O”„Ma+*
M Ù  Q ›] %] =%=%='] ] %] =%=='] Te] è U F7] =%=%=] >†]
t

h 
3 h
Qq*Dâa0./-  h %] =%==']  3 ] h %] =%=%='] 3 <3(A&D*(#%B@*(!$1C'p$$3iEG0$$)'B437$'p8BC$=$,_2=$B4'u< TeK
 
 3 

 

"3a=$'9?37ŠBCu&(# B4#ˆ'%<~%B4%<9?*2p$'=2)BC#ˆevN,$#% *D# %] ==%=] IEG02$)B+37- =$

Q ›]  h %] =%==']  3 ] M h %] =%==L] M 3 T„<B02 *(9:37ˆ1.<37#%9?*i=${1@*>h EG0$$)'Bá37- 3 BC9?,$1L/- )'BCn*NK "*(# *Ì 3:Š$')<*(#<BC3
 

âu0$(”
=2'yQ  t t T  8 UÐß a‰ =
5*(€<$=$#%9:37% * R2B4,Š3(- <%B4ˆ 3a=$3Ì1#% 3:=${% *(Š$3( *(K 

'‹23(n*(#%9:37ˆ,_37#

Q ›] %] =%=='] ] M %] =%==L] M TU



h 3 h 3
gQ ›] ] =%=%=e] ] Q ›] %] ==%=] ] M %] =%==L] M Te] =%=%=e] Q ›] ] =%=%=] M T<T

h 3 h h 3 h 3 
h 3
‘—=$ed8$BC#<9:37Š*(1 A£8¢  Y %Zz­ G£8­ Z ,_37#”
 3 

žQ ›]  h %] =%=%=e]  3 L] M h %] =%=%='L] M 3 TRU

Q ›] ] =%=%=] L] M %] ==%='] M T†æ Q ›] %] ==%='] L] M %] ==%=L] M _T =
3

 M
h  

h 
3 h 3
 
h 
3 h 3
Q 'Õ*D#<9:37ˆ9¦*(- Š*(=$'1@*(€<Õ<0AB4€ '#<,$#%'n*D)Bá3(- E /- <BC)+*€T›K
“s$'9?37Š'u<37$)'”
U 
3
æ  U  M
3
æ 3
  æ
U æ h   ] ,_37#ˆ1@*Œ=2h 'd8$BC)B+37- =$h  M t  K 
M 

   
   
     


U 3 M    æ   U 3 M    æ 3  t   æ 
h h h

  
 

C   
      ]   

E  a       4   ]   F ë

U æ 

,_37#ˆ1@*Œ=2'd8$BC)B+37- =$ M 

U 8 … 3 M   æ 3   U 8


h  h t  

 

 =29¦*(- ŠA0$I,20$€ 3:)#/ -  BC)3$”

 U Q  t T  U M  ]  U   

“s$'9?37Š'u<37$)'”
 

¡CZƒ¬y¡N¢¤£ ^µ’¥§¶ƒ¾OÉJA¹ -:¹(Á’Λ¾   t t  ¸n؈¾\» 1(¸eÎeÁ’¾’ÆÉ4¸nÄ Ï ¸ R»8¾L¸e» ÏaÀ É À ØR¢XZ_¢F¡a­ %Z VM  U  t BŒ¸eÉ I£N²
¢ Y %Zz­ G£8­Z $U 3h M   æ ÒÄÉJ¹Å؊¸n½eº2¹a½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï ¸ +„ºaÉ4¸eΪØá¸HÁ’Î%¹(»2ØG¼ À Î.-:¹(»6¸e»"¸eÉ7Øe¾4ØeÁø.-:¹½<¹(»iÀ ¿ »8¾L½ À Ë

 



U 

 

M U æ
 



Q  xeTU˜|  ]   Q  h TUW  ]
 »¤¸n½eº2¹a½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï ¸ Í Î›5¾ -6¸eÎ À Î Ï ¸e»_Ú
 Ï .¸ - Å¿¹ Ø U æ  ] U æ  ]  U = 

Qg3D 9:37 âu0$  23 %371@*(9:€< %B  Q   ]  T <3( <3(140$)'B437$' =2 14*( )0$*()BC37$
    

Q  t T  U  ]  U  € 372)! M  ‘  %37 <371C0$)BC37$'—=$;1@*D")'08*()BC37$'A)*(Š37- 2B4)+*DpŠ<BC$3



n*D9Œ!$Be'- A*(1.#<e&R- K

 


Qg3D 9:37ˆâu0$Dp_%à„0$- '1 %#%)BC)B4 3  >K 2K Np81C37ˆ,$0$€ 3()'#+/-  B4)'37ˆ<3(I%B49:,$#%{f ã K

Zá £ ^µ’¥8§ TÕ­s¡u¬y«   £ ^¡ Y   á¡a¢F£
MNB=$ed8$BC9?37Š*i14*Ì'$#%à8/- *i=$'1<BC% '96*i)'379?3
"Q ›]  h %] ==%=]  3 ]  h %] =%==']  3 TRU  3    æ 
h t 

Q’%B  $U Wk  8 Q ~T  8 O
‹æ ŒQ ›] h %] ==%=] 3 TÒ'u<37$)'

   

 U  k  8 Q ~T    8 æ žU 
æÐQ
‡æ ÕTª U
&… ‹Te]
€<37$)'g,_37#Š1@*Œ%à702$=8*Ì)0$*()B+37- I=2~0$1C#ˆ '$9:37~Q’ %#%)B4)'B43  >K 2K FyT›”
Q ¨æ      T  U   ]
,_37#ˆ143in*Du<3 Q ›]  h ] =%=%=]  3 ]  h ] =%=%=]  3 TªU æ   U  K  =$'9‡*(- 'p$‘€*Ìâu0$  t U M  ]   U  ”


 



"Q ›]  h ] =%=%=]  3 ]  h ] =%=%=]  3 TªU Q ›]  h %] ==%=]  3 ] M h %] =%==L] M 3 _T =



F ‰  
  C   .  4
 
 

  *   4  
  PA  

6,8*D#% BC)0$14*(#R<B ž$3~=$,_$=2‹evN,$1L/- )BJn*(9:€<ˆ=$ ›”   U æ  UW‰i”  U <)37$%#&(*~<37!$#%

1@*DÒ # *+‘()'<37#<B4*(K
}-*({à7'$#<*(149:€<(p^<* ÒQ ›]  h ] =%=%=]  3 L] M h %] ==%=L] M 3 T‹)'08*(14âu0$BC#‹EG0$2)Bá3(- .K:MNB   Q %Tep M  Q %T‹<3(¤%37140 ^
)BC37$'=2w14*(ˆ)'08*()'B437$'Š)+*(Š3(- $B4)*(p$<$=$#%9:37”


 c Q›]  Q %Te] M Q%T<TRU …   æ  U  …Wj H] AoL]

c  


    

=$372=$?j H] Io=$'$3(n*:*(1 !$# *() D' 6=$A "3(B4<%37.K     

 

“s$=$#%9:37Š€ 3($)'”
Ûw¬ Z WVZ    Z_ ­ ^µ’¥8µ  Z_­   Z_ ­ s¡ P¬ ZƒÝ¡a­ ’Ü DK ¸nØ ºN»_¹i¾\»8Á ¸ (Î%¹(É Í Î›5¾ -6¸eÎ<¹ %¸nØ Ï ¸n½e¾\Î UЉ áÄ
½ À » ˜¾\» Ï ¸ Í ¸e» Ï ¾L¸e»8Áø Ï ¸  ÄØe¾ B:Ø À É À Øe¾Rj H] Ao_UWa‰ = +H» Í ¹(ÎeÁ’¾L½eºaÉJ¹(Î>¸nØeÁ ÀÕÍ ¹Åع Í ¹(Î%¹ U =
 


   

Zá £ ^µ ).§ \„37$<BC=$#%9:37Š1@*Œ£ Z_ ­¦«ƒ¡a­s¡u¬y£ Y 
£ ^£

|iQ  h %] ==%=]  3 ] M h %] =%==L] M 3 T U V  $ gQ ›]   ] M  T$
c 



U V  $  3 M    æ Q ›]  h %] ==%=]  3 ] M h %] =%==L] M 3 T 
c ›]
h



)3(  Q  xeTUÐ|  ]  Q  h TUW  K
 

^*(Š)'08*()BC37$'=2~0$1C#Š,8*(#<*i| %37.”

 M … UЉ2]   æ  U˜‰N]


ˆ=2)BC#ˆ1@*(H)'08*()BC37$')*(Š37- 2B4)+*DK Qg3D 9:37Òâu0$Õ23 R$*á‘6)372=$B4)'B437$'Ò,8*(#<* M    xˆ‘"'  h QG1@*(


 

)3($=$B4)'B4372 $*D 0$#<*(14'   U ‰6<BC9:,$#<~<Œ)'0$9:,$14'ƒTeK  =$'9‡*(- g<B  U ‰Npz'u<37$)' ÞU ÖU

)3($% *(€ (K "3a=$9:37Š)372<B4=2# *D#g%371@*(9:€<6QG)+*(9>!$B@*(2=$3:*:0$A,8*(#$*(- 9:' #%3 A)'379Ð0$- A*Ì 3a=8*(Š1@*(



)02#%&D*(nT›”
V x h  M   ` c )'37$=$BC)B43(8*(=$3Ì,_37# Q %ˆ ] ~TU  =
Š=$)'B4#Š0$EG0$$)BC378*(1O=$'d82B4=$3Ì<3(!$#<w0$8*i<02,z'#%d8)'B4(K
TVU¡aX ¢ WY[Z^µ’¥F§  á¡a¢F£  s¡ ,Ws£$¬    €Ü YG£ (µ
Š' 3(9?'9?37ˆ'1<BC% '96*Œ=2~14*Œ<)')B+37- 5*Du<#%B437#ˆ)'37.”


 U
¦æ  U  k  8 Q ~T  ã   8 O
 æ ŒQ › ] ~T
U  "  Ž  Ž O Õæ iQ ›] ¨T
 

6)3a37#<=$'8*(=8*DÒ)+*(# '<B@*D8*(KR€ 3($)'Ò1@*w96*D<#<B   t t  'Ò,_37<BJ BC&D*{=$'d$$B4=8*Npa‘7*Œâa02‹143~„'—1@*(

)3a37#%=$8*D=8*(Š)+*(# '<B@*D8*(K 
C   
      ]   

E  a       4   ]   F F

I'%<~)*(<3
U  U  M
 
æ  ] 

)3(  U   ]LM  U  t U 8 k  8 Q~T 8 K

 


 âu0./ - 'ED*(- )'B41.›vN,$#<' *(# IEG02$)B+37- I=2 ‘!M  ”  U k 98 Q>T5M 8 p_=237$=$?Qqk  8 T 98 UåQqk  8 T  8 h pQ’'


)3a37#%=$8*D=8*(Š)+*(# '<B@*D8*(%  U "   p$19:379:€ 3€Tep2,_37#ˆ1C3Ì *(€ 3

 8



U
¦æœQ
¦ æ ‹TªU
ê&…  =
MNBŠ,_37$9:37:|ÞU Q’k T›pÒ€<37$)'
U  |  O
 U % |  h % O
;‘€*¨âu0$  UÞ|  h% ‘ê|'
<BC9êe-  #%B4)+*NK ^*(ˆ)'08*()BC9837$'g)*(Š37- $BC)+*(ˆ%37.”  




U k  8 Q>T5M 8


M

U æ 8  #… % |  h %   
O
 =

ᣠ^µC°.§ ­ +¡a¬PWs¬y¡ +£  Z_ ­®«_¡CZ_¢ ¡  ᬠ7£.§ ¬y£8­ Zƒ¬Å¢F£ ^£ ^¡Ñ R¡a«ƒ¡a­s¬y¡

Z  

†B <*($=$3 ›] ]%=%=%=e] p8%+*  Q ‹TU gQ›] ]=%=%=] ] ]%=%==] TeK

h 3 
h 3 h 3  

^*i<0$,_#d8)BC ˜U  Q ‹TH<B4'$Õ0$A,$1@*(23Œn*($à(€ wFQ x+](x„U  Q xnT%TÒ)37A)'08*()B+37- 

œæ  Q x›TU
 Q x›T Q ‡æ xeT.=


u

−u Z

Z0

B4à$K 2K F

F   
  C  
 
 

  *   4  
  PA 
.  4 

%<~,$14*($3Œ *($à7'u<~BC€ #%<')'n*Ì1 % Q’' ÐU˜‰€T„'I'1,$0$€ 3

WU æ
 Q RxeT x†…  Q Rx›T_=
MN*2M  U  t U  t p % U
 Q Rx›T 
 

U æ  …  M   U æ ;#… %  x„U æ !=
'‹'d$$B4#%9:37Š*i1@* á¬y£8­
Zƒ¬Å¢F£ ^
£ ^¡Ñ R¡a«ƒ¡a­ s¬y¡ƒ”


Q xá(] ‹
T æ
4Q %Š] ÑTe]

)3(9?3Ì0$8*Œ<# *($EG37#<9?*()'Bá37- —=$   3%J h '   3%J h p$n*D1.âu0$~%B ˜U  Q ‹Tep
Q ]  Q  T< T æ
Q
 Q ‹Te] ÑTe]
A=$372=$
U
 Q ‹T   æ  Q ‹TU æ B4€ '#<<'))'Bá37- A=$1^,$14*($3Œ *($à7'u<{)37A1 %  =
\„379:3~14*‹ # *D$%EG37#%96*D)Bá3(-  %}U
 Q ‹THB4€&7'#% BC!$14ˆ%Bz14*Õ96*D<#<B  <*()37!2B@*(8*:Q  T 
 H
 4
B €
 7
& '
 %
#  C
B $
! 4
1 
QG<37#%9?*i=${1@*>EG0$$)'Bá37- BCu&(#% *€T›p_'<)'#<B4!2B42=$
3 ˜U OQ4%>Tª<$'9?3(” t t  8 

U %  ‡æ  Q ‹TU %  OQ4%>Tæ  Q OQ %~T<TÙ žQ %~T


~=$)'B4#'p†!8* %3I1@*— #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- ¤=2 à($=$#%(p14*A%0$,_#%d$)B4* U  Q ‹T›p%?<# *($EG37#<9?*ž14*
<02,z'#%d8)'B4 U Q %~TeK


MNB#%,_' BC9?3(Ò1@*Œ #<*($EG37#<9?*()B+37- .”

Q g(] ‹
T æ
4Q %Š] ÑTæ
Q ;] T
-

)3( U
Q %~Tep U
Q %~T  %Wæ žQ %~Te]N<$'9?3(Š[  U  U  … M 8 t  æ  t  p


   
   

,_#<32p8)379:3M 8 U  p$<$'9?37ˆ[  U  K t 
 &
 -  
  


t 

U  [  M  æ U   M  æ $U 
-   

‘"d8$*(149:€    U t U  t t   h p8Š=$')B4# %,20$=$w%)#%B4!$BC#<<Õ'AEG02$)B+37- I=2 žK




 

 

“s$'9?37Š'u<37$)'” 
 

Ûw¬ Z WVZ    Z_ ­sµ ).§ .¹6Á’Î<¹(»2ØG¼ À Î_-:¹ Ï ¹ Ï ¸ ^¸ a¸e» Ï Î ¸Œ¸nØ{ºa»_¹6¾\» 1 À É º8½e¾8À ¿ »2ÄÒ¸nØ Ï ¸n½e¾\Î ã U˜ac =
Qg3D 9:37ˆâu0$w<B=$' *(#%#<371C1@*(9:37„*:%à70$2=$3?3(#<=$'I14*iEG02$)B+37- 

 Q ‹TU  Q x›T…
 Q x›T Q ‡æ x›T…WQ ‡æ Rx›T < Q  Q xnT<T'Q ‡æ x›T O
Š… =%=%=
<Bª 02ž,$0$€ 35)#/-  BC)3A=$  Q
  Q RxnT~Uԉ€T›p1 g'<<B4*($3;'>,_37<BJ BJ&735=2'd8$BC=$3$ps 2=$#<'9?37>0$


9I/- $BC9?3~143a)+*(1.=2  Q ‹T›K

 C   
      ]   

E  a       4   ]   F 

„379:3 Q4%x›TFU æ  Q x›TepՑ7*¦âu0$
 Q x›T U ‰2pՑ
Q %sx›TžU Rx+p{,_37#A1@*êB4€&7371C0$)B+37- .p‹‘

g'<wQ Q %sxnT<TRU Q g'<  Q x›T%T  h›pN€ 372)ˆ%B xÒU˜‰2pN14*~%0$,z'#%d8)'B4 U žQ %~T<$=$#$*>- n*(9>!$Be'- 
\

0$A9I/- $B49:3$K% { BC,z3i=2~*D#<à70$9:€<37ŠŠ1@*Œ!8*D<w=${1437ˆ,$#%B4$)'B4,$BC37„&D*(#%B@*()'B4378*D14H=$08*(1C'K

Z   ᣠ^µ ^§ H* R29:37ˆ&NBC%<3:=2B4#<')' *(9?'€ {âu0${1@*(ˆ')08*()'B4372Š=$~R0214#ˆ,$*(# *
Q ›]  h ]%=%=%=']  3 ]  h ]%=%=%=']  3 T$c
Œ BC$'‡1@*(:9:B4<9?*(Ì<3(140$)'B437$'6âu0$I1@*(:)'08*()BC37$'")+*(ˆ37- $B4)*(K
R#%9:37 =2Œu0$'&(3A'%< R$)SR23$p<BC;0$ *D# )*D- 14)021437'pO*6,$*(#%<B4# =2>1@*Ì #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- 5=$ ^'à72=$#<DK

$ 

514* Q3(n* $K Œ&aB49:37Šâu0$>14*(Š)0$*()BC37$g)+*(ˆ37- $B4)*(<37I1@*(Š)'08*()'B437$' =$>0$14'#=2>1@*Ì*()')B+37- 
à7'$#<*(14B +*(=8*N”
|iQ  h %] =%==']  3 ] M h %] =%==L] M 3 TRU V  $ Q %  ˜æ Q ›] %ˆ ] ~T<T$
c _=


MNB)'37$<BC=$#<*(9:37ˆ1@*><# *($EG37#<9?*()'Bá37- ¨QG=${1@*(Ò&D*(#%B@*( !$ 1CÒ=2,_$=$BC€ 'nT

Q :] %>T æ
 $ Q :] Te]



,_37#Ì1ˆ '37#<'96* NK Np„=$'!z'9?37Ì '$# Y[Z F¢  X¢ Z  WÜ­ %Z  7
¬     Z (pH)'08*($=23FevN,$#%<*(9?3(61
B4€<à7#<*($=$3ÌFQ Ì]‹T›p$)3(I#%<,_)e 36* Ì]~”
\„379:3 U&% ‡æ  U žQ › ] Ì] %~Tep2‘ %}U
ˆp$ '$9:37 

|ŒQ Ì] %>TUWV  $ Q
  Q ˜æ ‹T… Q ›] :] T<T$
c U |iQ Ì]‹T
 


‘—14*(ˆ)'08*()BC37$'=2~0$1C#Š,8*(#<*  | %37.”


Q  t T  æ Q   t  Q  8 æ 8 T…  TUW‰
 



æ Q  8  t t  Q  8 æ 8 T†æ  t …  t TRU˜‰ =


 
8
\„379:3  '
 g
 C
B u
 (
& 
 
#  4
B 2
! 4
1 (
 N
p  
 2
 
 :
9 7
3 
 ”
t t


U ] Q  t T  æ  U˜‰

8 8
1@*Dˆ)08*(1CŠ<3(I14*(Ò)'08*()'B437$'g=2~0$1C#ˆ37#%B4à7BC8*(1CK
 

ᣠ^µ .§ T €Üs£  Z_­^¡ i¡a­ Zƒ¬Å¢F£ W£2¬Å£$¢ ¡  ᬠ7£

Z 
\„37$%B4=$'#<'9?37Š=${u0$e&73614*i*())'Bá37- Aà7'$#<*(14B+*(=8*N”

|ŒQ Ì] %>TU V  $ 4Q %  }æ Q›] :] %>T%T$c 

)3( ?Q  xeTU˜|~p 6Q h TRUW6K 

"3a=$'9?37Š)*(9Œ!$B4*(#Ò=$Õ&D*(#<B4*(!$1C(p2=2  Ò* .p8=$Õn*D1.EG37#<9?*Œâu0${,8*(# * Q %Tep Q  xeTUW‰2p ^Q  h TRU 7F K
 F   
  C   .  4
 
 


  *   4  
  PA
 

„379:3 c U Ã`ec$] \

U ` O `
|iQ :] %~T U V x h Q %  Õ`aæ Q ›] :] %~T Ã` T$c = 

MNB,_37$'9?37  Òx U „ ‘ M8xp819:379?'€ 3i)3( %0$à€*(=23?=$  x+p8)379:34M8x„U æ Q ›] Ì] %~T

 '$=$#%9:37”
|ŒQ Ì] %>TUWV x h %:Q ƒT  6Q 8T$c    

=$372=$
U Q M$ xá]LM h ]%==%='] M 3 T )372 M8x„U æ Q Ì] %~T
%
U Q xá] h %] =%=%='] 3 T )'37 xÒU _=
 

M2*(!_9:37Ìâu0$5,$*(# * |iQ :] %~TQ’%B4 M8x›Ti1@*(Ì)'08*()'B437$'?=250$1C#:<37 1@*(Ì)'08*()'B437$'?)*(Š37- 2B4)+*D

Q Q3(n*$K >‘\Ò*(%3NK FyT›K  =$'9‡*(- Š%B. # *D!8* <*(9:37ˆ)3(I|ŒQ Ì] %wTwQG)37! M8xeT„)'37$=$BC)BC378*(=$3i,_37#


 

6Q :] %~TRU Q Ì] %~T.… M8x„UW‰ Q’)'37$=$BC)B+37-  R$37143(Š37- 9:B4)+*7T<]

 
 

1@*Dˆ)0$*()BC37$Š=$w0$1C#Š,8*(#<*Ì'%<wEG0$2)B43(8*(1.)'37$=$BC)B43(8*(=$3i%37žQG“'37#<'96*  >K K 7T›”

…
Q ƒT  U ‰ èUF(]%=%=%=']?> 

M æ Q 8T U ‰ èUF(]%=%=%=']?>

 

x…
Q ƒT U ‰

  

M8 xªæ
Q
ƒT  U ‰


'‹Õ1@*Œ<#<)'#<*:')08*()'Bá37- &7'9?3(âu0$ UWß ‰Œ‘—,_3N=$'9?3(ˆ<0$,_37$'# :UF7KHMNBO,z3729:37”  

RU æ V  Q €T$
x c

 '$=$#%9:37” U 
  p U æ p  x„U ›p  U æ  p$=$')B4#ˆ14*(ˆ)'08*()'B437$'g)*(Š37- 2B4)+*DK



  
 
  

Z  ᣠ^µC±.§ ¬Å£$­  LZ_¬Å¢F£  Z_­^¡  7£8­ Z_ ­  7£ 

g$* =2—1@*(Œ&(€n* <*D:=2A,$*( *(#Ì*;14*5EG37#<9>0$1@*()'Bá37- F=$*())'Bá37- êà7'$#<*(14B+*(=$*2p)37ê14*(Œ)'08*()'B437$'

)+*DŠ37- $BC)+*('pÅ'âu0$ 29:370$8*ˆB4€<à7#<*(1(,$#%B49:#<*„=$1€9:3á&aB49:B4€<3„<B 23ˆ=$,_$=2H›v2,21È/- )'BC *(9?'€ 



=$'1. B4'9?,_3$”'Š=$)'B4#p814*Œ$'#<à$/- *AQ ÑT„%~)'37$<'#%&D*Ì<37!$#%{1@*(ˆ%37140$)'B4372ˆ=${1@*Dˆ)0$*()BC37$'K

 R237# *ž!$BC.p)3(9?3ž'% *()0$*()BC37$—%37œ=$BCE / - )BC14:=$Ñ#%<3(1C&7'#p0$$3  #<*Dn*¤=$Ñ$)'37€ #<*(#—9‡*D- 

B4€<à7#<*(14'ª,2#<B49:#<*(p€)'379:3~'61@*{,$#%37,z3(<B4)'Bá37-  $K F7pa*~,$*(#%<B4#=$Š #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()BC37$R=$1@*DR&D*(#%B@*(!214
C   
      ]   

E  a       4  7ë
 ]   F

=$',z'$=$B4'€ ŒQÌ] %~T‹Q’)'379?3Ì14*(ˆ)'08*()BC37$'g=$w0$1C#ˆ,$#%<'#%&D*(I1437ˆ,$02u<37)#/-  BC)37'pN '$=$#%9:37

B4€<à7#<*(14'ˆ,$#<BC9?'# *(ˆ*Ì,8*(# BC#Ò=${1@*(ˆ9:B4%96*DÒ)'08*()BC37$' bTeK
MN*
|iQ :] %~TUW V  $ Q %  Wæ Q ›] :] %~T<T$
c _= 

MNB R8*D)9:37Š1@*><# *(2%EG37#%96*()'Bá37- O” 

Q :] %~T„æ
Q †]  Te]

€<37$)'g%+* žQ ›] †]  TRU Q› ] 6Q †]  Te] %6Q †]  T<T




%

U %6Q †]  T Q 

 





… zç ç  T
‘—|ŒQÌ] %~T U |iQ †]  T.= 


 

—¡
­  Z_ ­ ^ µ’¥8µ {¾\Î ¸.- À Ø~ʺƒ¸wÉJ¹:ÁqÎ%¹(»2ØG¼ À Î_-:¹a½e¾8À ¿ »


Q :] %>T„æ
Q †]  T 

¸nØ 7£8­ Z_ ­  7£zÄØe¾ÉJ¹ÅØi¸n½eº2¹a½e¾ À »O¸nØ Ï ¸4+HºaÉ4¸eÎ Í ¹(Î%¹ |iQ †]  T Ø À »F½<¹(»iÀ ¿ »8¾L½<¹ÅØnĄ¸nØ Ï ¸n½e¾\Î'Ë



ç  U ]  U æ =
 

"3a=$#/ - *(9:37Ò,_37#ˆ%'9?,2143Ì,z'=$B4#ˆâu0$

 

% }æ U  æ
,_#<3Ì'% 3?Š=$'96*(%B@*(=23ŒEG0$# (p8‘7*:âu0${ <0Nd8)BC€ { âu0$(”


% }æ U  ¨æ օ c
c  6Q › ] 6Q%Te] %?Q %T›] ŠQ %T›]  Q %T%T

,8*(#<*‹)08*D14âu0$B4'#†EG0$$)'Bá37- A QG=$BCEG'#<'$)B4*(!$ 14+T ?Q › ] Ì] %ˆ] †]  T›p(‘€*Õâu0$Š*(1NB4€ 'à7# *D#<*{=2BCEG#%$)'B@*(1Nev2*()_^

 

n*Npª<$=$#%9:37 6Q › ] Ì] %ˆ] †]  TyŽ  $ 143Ñ)0$*(1ˆ<'#8* - 0$8* )37$n*(€<I%B %Š] :]  ] %37¦=8*D=$37Ì®1437



eva<#<9:37'K
 

&aB4=$'u<9:€ Dp8=8*(=8*Œ028*> #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- ÑQ :] %~T„æ
Q †]  Tª'u<37$)'ˆ 3a=$37Ò1C37„N- #<9:B4237„%37
)3($3N)'B4=$3(?‘¦<$=2#<9:37"028*F #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- ¦)*(Š37- $BC)+*F,_37#")*(<0$*(14BC=8*(=.K ^*FBC=$+*¤—,$0$'pg*

,8*(# BC# =$Œ028*—,8*(#%<Œ=$Œ14*? #<*($EG37#<9?*()B+37- .pz,z37#g %'9?,$1C3 3  p.$)'37€ #<*(#Õ0$8*6EG0$2)Bá3(-  :pz=$

<3(1@*(9:€ <*(H&D*(#%B@*(!214'puâa02‹,z'#<9:BC *{,_37#ª0$8*>,$*(#%<g)'379?,214' *(#R1@*{ # *D$%EG37#%96*D)Bá3(- ̑(p2,_37#ª3( #<*


,8*(# Dp8à€*(# *Du<B *(#Òâu0$w<+*Ì)+*DŠ37- $BC)+*2K

"3(#g %9:,$143$p2)37 å‘ Òp$<379?'9?3()'379:3ÌEG02$)B+37-  Ìp ÃÜs­ Z_ ­œ«ƒ¡a­^¡a¬y£ Zƒ¬y
£ ^¡ Y’£ á¬y£8­  Zƒ¬+²
¢F£ Z_ ­ 7£8­ Z_ ­  7£.p80$$*ÌEG0$2)Bá3(-  ?Q ›] :] RTH *(1âu0$(”



 F  
  C   .  4
 
 


  *   4  
  PA
 

 U æ I]VM  U  





Q’'%<3?=$ed8$w,8*(# {=$<B1C37ˆ3(<#<37ÒN- #<9:B4237ˆ<37A)3($3N)'B4=$3( nT


U æ _ç
Q’'%<3?=$ed8$w1#%%<3?=2w14*> #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- ƒTeK 

€ 37$)'
c  U  …    …   ç UQ æ ÑT…#% }æ  =
c 

   _ç  


 
6,8*D#% BC)0$14*(#<B_<%)37à( }B42=$,_$=2B4€< =$ ›pN,$*(# *{37!2<$'# žQ †]  T!8*(% *(#8*w- <0$ BJ 0$BC# Ì] %
 Q:] %~TeK


MNB_,z3(#H %9:,$143$pu,_37#ª#
* '37$ªE/- %B4)+*DpuH9‡*(- ª)3(u&($BC€ Õ,_2 *(#H"0$$*wEG0$$)'Bá37- 
ÕQ ›] Ì]  T›pN%+*
€<37$)'
6Q › ] :]  ] RT
 U ÕQ ›] :]  Tæ   †]
c Q ~T U …  Q  … æ ç æ®ç T
c

     
U æ #… %  Wæ  
  




<B.<379?*(9?3(  U æ ¤p
M  U QG%<3?=2'd8$w,8*(# {=$ ˆTH‘—,_3N=29:37Ò 379?*(#ç  U K




MNBC?'9Œ!8*(#%à73$pa0$8*~=2g14*(H9?*($'# *(R9¦*(- ª14'à€*(€ '„=$à7'$#<*(#HBC€ à(# *(1Cª,$#<BC9?'# *(RH*w<# *+&R- H=$

 

1@*Dg%B49:' #/- *(ˆ=21s,$#<37!2149?*2p8)'379?3?143Ì&7'#<9:37g;14*:%B4à70$BC€ w<'))'Bá37- .K~Q ')37#%=$9:37âa02>,8*(#<*

,_3N=$'#g#%%371C&(# )'379:,$14en*(9:€ w1@*Dg')08*()'B4372 )*(Š37- 2B4)+*Dg$')'<BC *(9:37  >¨B4€<à7#<*(14'g,$#%B49:#<*(p
‘€*Ìâu0$~*(+/- #%=$02)B49:37Š1%B4 9?*i=$  >Ñ)'08*()'B437$'g=2w,2#<B49:#„37#<=$'5*i0$A<BC%<9?*:*D14à7'!$# *(BC)3uT›K

Zá £ ^µ@¯z§Š ª£ T €Ü^£  Z_ ­ ^¡ A£8¢  Y %Zz­. ² O£  ZƒÝ µ
g236=$~1437Š,$#%37,Š37- %BC 3(g=$~1@*(ˆ<# *($EG37#<9?*(=8*Dg)*(Š37- $BC)+*(g1s=$w,z3a=$#B4€<à7#<*(#ED*D- )B41C9?'€ {1@*(
)'08*()'B437$'>*D<3a)B@*D=8*(K6MNBCà70$B4'$=$3I*
7*D)37!$Bqp^1@*(Õ')08*()'B4372>)*(Š37- 2B4)+*Dw9¦*(- ÕED*(- )'B414'Õ=$:B4€ 'à7# *(#


<3(5*(âu0$'1414*(ˆ,8*(#<*Ì14*(ˆ)0$*(14' FQ ›] †]  TªUЉ2K

IeEG)e 3$p8'u<37$)'”



ç  U U˜‰
U æ UW‰




1@*Dˆ<371C0$)BC37$ˆ%375ç  U )37$n*(€<(p  U )'37$% *(€ DK


"†*D# *ˆ 3ˆ '$=$#<'9?3(âa02ª!20$<)*(#^0$8*„EG0$$)'Bá37- {à7'$#<*D #%B =21@*„ #<*($EG37#<9?*()B+37- ‹)*(Š37- $BC)+*{Q :] %~T„æ

 Q †]  Tˆ=2w14*>EG37#<9?* ?Q › ] Ì] RTHn*(1Oâa02

C
C
      4  
  
    4       A    F

 U æ Q ›] :] %~T Q UW‰€T




M U 
  
‘—=$ed8$BC#  *i<# *+&R- =$  U æ = 


\„379:3 U )37$n*(€<(p.,_3N=29:37g!20$<)*(#‹0$8*:EG0$$)B+37- ;à7'$#<*D #%B ~âa02>$3"=2,_$=8*"=2 Òpz3"028*

E’*(9:B41CB@*{=$wEG02$)BC37$ˆ,$*(# *(9:'<#<B+*(=8*Dˆ,z37# > )'37$% *(€ '‹ç h ]%==%=]›ç 3 ” 6Q›] ~TÒ *(1.âu0$D”


 … Q›] Ì]  ]%=%==']  TRU˜‰a=

 
h  3
% *:'14*i¡ €Ü^£ Z_ ­ s¡ I£8¢  Y  Z_­ ² O£  ZƒÝ K
‹0$8*?)0$*()B+37- Ñ;=2#<BJ&D*(=8*(g,8*(#<)'B@*(1C=$Œ,$#%B49:#37#<=2Ñ,8*(#<* ?Q › ] ~TeK‹MNB,20$=$Be'- <'9?37 #<%371 ^
&7'#<14*2pu)37 >A)'37$n*(€ '„BC$=$,_2=$B4'u<'pN37!N 2=$#+/- *(9?3(1@*‹ #<*($%EG3(#<9?*()B+37- IQ %ˆ ] ~T„æ
Q †]  TQ’*
,8*(# BC#Ò=$  U æ TeK  


% *5=$#%BC&D*()'Bá37-  =$?1@*)0$*()B+37- F=$  *D9?BC1C 3( ^

7*()'37!$B>02ž,z3a)3A9¦*(- à7B4)*2K  =$9¦*(- w$35âu0$'=8*


9Œ02‘6)14*(#<3Œ%B.,_#<=2B49:37ÒB4NEG37#<9?*()B+37- 6'1.,$#%3N)'%35QGˆ=$')BC#p$%B.,z3a=$'9?37„#<à(#<<*(#Š*i1@*>%371402)Bá3(- 

=$‹14*(„')08*D)B43($Ò)*(Š37- 2B4)+*DÒ3Œ9: %37#„*„0$- .pN*>1@*>%371402)Bá3(- 6=$ Q %T%Tª3i$32KRR—14*~%B4à70$BC€ g<'))B+37- 
&7'#<'9?376)379:3F,$#%37!8*(#?n*F'âa02BC&D*(14'$)B4*F*F,$*(#%<B4#:=$1 0$=$ BC3ž=$;14*¤')08*()'Bá37- ¦=$ g*(9?BC1C<37 ^

7*()'37!$BLK R#%9:37Õ ,8*D#% BC)0$14*(# âu0$Ì%BLp.)'37$)',2 0$*(149:€ Dp^1@*6')08*()'Bá37-  =$ g*(9:B41C<37 ^
7*()37!2Bs'
9¦*(- 1Cà€*(€<ˆâa0214*()'08*()'B437$'R=$R0214#'p€18#%<3(1C&7'#<14*{'Rev2*()' *(9:€ Š#<'<371J&7'#ª14*()'08*()'B437$'
=$w0$14'#KR=$)'B4#p2âa02~'I14*Œ,$#8*(- )e BC)+*i$3:<w*+&(*D 3:- 8*(=8* 
  
                        "   


  
  "! #%$& '($(%) '*,- + ($. '%/$&01$2)34 .)5 #%6)7  

8#%$9)):%$)
0;<>=? #@BA(0&  ..)$C + 22 :3DE($(%) 67 6F HG8 9 #2 69 $I  J
01KL2$&)
016 .DJD 7 M2#%ONBP3N2Q?)R;O()#SI @$&% MTUDO2#%ONBP V
FN2QWV
<YXS,2
R1Z2)#[.)%.)D.)$ M*,- + %$.) )6)E(%F.) %
TUDF J)#%9- +
(Z.) ()#,! L<O=SD)6F7 R1#@2#2 
.C U%$7 )[42#% (*\#% .)$& )KTUD3]A()^$! #%$ 2Z 4I 4 ..)$C + "  D[+ &)[%_& K#%%D` 

XS_9)#2 :. %$&)#()

 [)"*\D6.)$7 

acb\d QfeCg)gCge dh iSjlkHmIn b Nse d QeCgCg)g)e dth e d5uQ eCg)gCg)e dUh u iv Nsg
$&.Cq .$ )707 #2 
%#%${) 7 H01#'|}~ €‚ƒ~ € h ƒ~ € h )
wLD0; 9 h MTUDJ x^D *y 
$$ z4 0mpor
~ €„r~ €
b Nse d… e  …\ic† bˆ‡)‰ eŠ ‰‹iSjŒbˆ‡)‰2b Nse dt… e  ˆ… i eŠ5 ‰(b Nse d… e  \… i(i
 "TUD bˆ‡)‰ e Š ‹‰ i (C EŽ3 b 2 JR$f)+ )_| i 
‡ P j Nse Š;P jd g
 
  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

XS(%$&0&$.) FTUD307 #2 H|[01TUD5 70;5)

 K$!)#(%$#K07 #%.)$ 
)%')^I J*\ #(
N j N b\‡‰ e2Š ‰ e  i e dJj d"bˆ‡)‰ eŠ ‰ e  i g
wL$"%)  d… j dt…Bb N i  … j d … u b N i )2.) ‡‰Yj ‡‰b Nse d…]b N i e d … u b N i(i j ‡‰b N i 7.) ‡ P j Ns 015 
6L0#()% #)'0 #2 |0;)TUD5 6MN j N b\‡‰]i }Š ‰b Nse d…‹b N i e d …u b N i(i„j Š ‰b N i„j Š ‰b N b\‡‰]i%i %#2 C!c)+ „
2#% ,*\ #% .)$C + N j N b\‡‰Bi <

.µ
798;:=<?>A@;>C B <&D AEGFIHJLKNMOQPR STGMUMVXWYT[Z]\J^P_Za`bV-MNRc>d<fehghi_>jgG<fk8lN`nmoPpVq`0Wr`bOsJLVtJd`vu[M`waVtJ^\x`[\J^P_Z]MNR0RJdy

v Š … ‰2b N b\‡‰]i(i
a ‰2b Š:Q ‰ eCgCgCgeŠ hC‰ icj k{z qn | ˆb ‡)‰ eŠ … ‰2b N b\‡‰]i(i e iv ‡)‰
v ‡)‰
j acbyd QseCgCg)g)e dth i 07 #2 'z 2oL|E
5q  d Qse)gCgCg)e dh e%NBPCe%N2Qsg

D$&7  F~}  %/2#%  ƒ/D .) JR$& 6/! #($I R&)}%$&  D67 ( DR(%$&%D.)$C +  6 /N0; # ‡‰
b $&.)&D6 
)^ [ #%9 D
)% KZI O*\D6.)$& )K_ K#%$&!   i 
 6 dt… 01 #[Š … ‰ <
€8[‚„ƒ… C D dE~† .µ Lw $Y. %$&)#% 
 'I
*y $&$ ‡‰j ?N V |) Š … ‰ j d … 2 .)N j ‡‰‡ |) dt…]b N iMj
d…]b\‡‰-‡ | icj Š … ‰%b N b\‡‰]i(i <
‰
a‰?j kHmIAn ˆ ‰ b\‡‰ e d…]b\‡‰-‡ | i e d5… u bˆ‡)‰-‡ | i%i v ‡)‰ g
‰ : .)#@:.C zR$4! #($I R&)mpN ,o ˆ j‡q -‰ ‡ | F

a‰8j k Im n b N:V |)e d…]b N i e d5… u b N i(iv Nsg

)[$&U! #($I %%$ 
013Ns< mpo q
XSƒ9 )#2 %$K7q .)
 JK.C JR6$ ! #($I R6) ‡)‰Fj ‡‰b N i 2)6#%  v ‡‰Fj Š v Nz.  ‡)‰Fj
Šz |
‡‰b Nse d…Bb N i e d … u b N i%i m
v Š … ‰b N b\‡‰]i(i v Š … ‰%b Nse d…Bb N i e d … u b N %i i v N
j g
v ‡)‰ vN v ‡‰
=?#@&J % F

‹ v Š … ‰ v N v ‡)‰
a ‰b Š"Q ‰ eCgCgCgeŠ h)‰‹icj k Im n ‡‰b N i eŠ … ‰2b Nse d…]b N i e d … u b N i(i e v Nsg
v N v ‡‰rŒ v N
.µ
 8 C iX8Ž‚g„D dE„†‘x’ C 8;kX“?8iEŽ”-E a³z´yµ
mo q
•–Ja— ‰ MNR4JLZG˜_`bKYJd`bZG™šMN›cMZG™šP_Z]\NMNRœMZTŽZQwaT[ZG™šP \K–Ÿ ž ™dJ^\NP‘u[M
a P ›T[Z]P{™dJ^MZ]M—Vq`QJLZG™,M^ bKn`bV¡waKYJLOQMKn`;y
h Š …‰ ‹ h ‡‰
¢ VP ‡ ¢ d …u j \NP_Z¡R™^`bZG™šM
Q | ¦ ‰L§
& Q Œ |4¦¦ ‰L§ P
q£^¤¥ ¦¦¦ q q?£^¤ ¥ ¦
¨4iª©$8«g]F  
 a‰?j a ¥ PC72 .) ¥
¦
t !( # !   !~/œ0! *! # % ?! %=!I !  0/ Ž! # " 4  0
/ 


v7a ‰
j
v | ¦¦ L‰ § P
¦ X‹ ‡‰ ¢ Š …‰ ¢ v Š … ‰ v ‡‰ Q v ‡‰ v ‡‰
jk Im n ¦ V V b b i  i V b i
v Nsg
m | | | vN vN Œ v N | v N L‰ § P
mo q ¥ q,¤¥ q £A¤¥
 q ¥
‰ 6 #2 66.) 
 ‡ P j Ns ¥ Š j =Š ¥  | P j Š j ¥ d … u ¥
zŠ | ¦ ‰L§ P Š ¤ ¦¦ ‰L§ Š ,¤
2)
 [)% .) F m ¦¦ m ¦ m
¦ ¦

 ‡)‰ ¢ Š …‰ ¢ ‹ v ‹ Š …‰ v ‹ ‡‰ v ‹ ‡‰

zj k Im n V V ‡ d …u V
v N
m | | vN | Œ vN | Œ Œ vN | Œ
mo q ¥ q,¤Y¥ q£A¤ ¥ ¥ q ¥
 6Z)
 [D2¥ :).6¥ TUD ‡)‰ Š … ‰ % _Ž  < ¥ ¥ ¥
}  6TUDJ07 #% | j  1 M #(9 D
)2 M % b Nse dt… e d … u i  0; #M%)# d… D„0D2.)#)- + 2$&.)
0;LS$29 #2 #S0; #S07 #(2) 3TUD  ‡q? £^¤ d … u % Ž Q b 06#%$
)#% }H%9 D7 Z).D7 .$ 
3XSD# i . _6)#%$`! 7   #%%0;q )£^.f¤ 2$&! q 
)% F q?£^¤
q ,¤ q Š m … ‰
 ‡)‰
V b ‡ ¢ d …u i j g
|  ‰L§ P  mmpon
¢
| ¦ ¦ ‰ L § P 
 
H)(%6)R;3()#[.)$&)#,2H07q £A¤Y#%¥ H%L¦¦ 4NBP[q N2Q R62)q 
£A¤  [¥ ):#()(D&2 < 
¥ ¥
< XK< J<
XS X A(06 L< 2)6)
 cT5D6 ‡ d … u j .)(2 2LZ.)D 7)>I $%)9 #% 0#($
)#2 7 7
0; #KI J()9 D67
.)D7 .)$x+ _ZXSD&)q #< =8 #KI 4q?£^¤  < 2)6)
 [.) ()#,! .)$x+ _ 4)#%97- + z22  <
€8i_@;>d@;> CDdE„†  8 C iX8Ž‚g$8’ C 8;kX“?8i‘8Ž< C!   >d‚„8[< >C $
< 8 
wL)
 z*y $&$ F2#% ,*\ #% .)$& )
~ €!"@) ~ €$# F

% b|i j & Q b% e d e('8e();e(*ze| i .  % b+icj % e & Q)@Ž 

d b|i j & b% e
 d (e '8(e );(e *ze| i .  d"b,iSjd e &
 )MŽ 
' b| i j &Ob % e d -e ' -e ) -e *Fe| i .)   ' b+iSj '8e & )@Ž  e
(C /. b ' iSj01032 b % e d e-' e-'54e-' iv % vUd
=Y #2 _.) 7 *\D.)$C + 6
q ' b % e di 7) j  '54 b % e di 8* j ' b % e d6i 2#()
  % b | i3j % b% e d e| i d b | iZj
d b % e d e| i 9' b | iSj ' b % e d e| i <SwLC H)2.) 
‹ b|i ' ' b|i
. ‰b ' iSj k k % b | i e "d b | i -e ' b | i e
e v % b | ivd b | i e
2 % b| i d"b | i Œ
| q ¥ ¥
 67($ b % e d6i 01#(%).)F ;:' b % b | i e d"b | i%i 0;)#,2)¥ .z /: ¥ ‰ <
 
 b % ,b i e d b+ i%ijŒb % e d6i x07 #% K|:01T5D6[5 [015  7 .)# ) .) JR$&O! #%$ R&) b % b | i e d"b | i%iS†
b % e di .) 

  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

‰%b ' iSj .

‹ ' b| i % ' b| i d ' b| i % ' b| i d „b % b | i e d"b | i%i
k2 k % b | i e d b | i e-' b | i e V e V
d d b | i Œ ¦¦ „b % e d6i ¦¦ %
v v d g
% % b| i d % b|i % d b|i
q ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¦ ¦
'$#()
 KTUD .)M$! #%$ 2R7 WA(
I J*y 
$&$I z63%#2 ,*\ #% .$ K%$7. ‰2b ' icj . b ' i ¦¦ 07 #2 42 5| ¦¦
0;)TUD5 H%L :'<>=S#% R ¥ #KTUD ¥ Š ‰ | !  F ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
Š

k 2 k XSD&)# b i b % e d6iv % vd V k

  V & Q ‰ †‡  v 

2
q   V q &
 ‰
 6 q q q
XSD# b )i b % e 6d iSj  ‡ b i ‡
   b  ie
% d
q q ¥ q ¥ q
' 4 & Q ¥ ‰-‡
 j &?‰-‡ 5 ' &
‰e ¥

&8…
ig
b+&8… ‰8j
|
 .D$&#'TUD4%$ . ‰ )$&! #%$I U%J)‚D‚0D6U%.)#)¥ - + 2$&.) ^
. )2.)FY66$&(%4D7 *\D.$x + l 
TUD F ¥

  V & Q ‰?j 
q   V q &
 ‰?j ‡   4Ug
q q
€8i_@;>d@;> C D&† Lw $")"0#%R z6). 2#2 #@ . $&.)$& )K6'2#2 (!)#%% $&7 "67 .)
I J($9 D6$)%Z%#2 6(*\ #( .$x +  F

‡‰b % e d e  i j % V |  b % i
Š ‰b % e d e  i j d V &Ob % V |  b % i%i=‡ O
& b% i

70 #% _)_Ž Q  "e !  . # b  i>j 

($ 0$&.C 
  )" 2 #% 4 } L f2#) H012 #[ZTUD
4
. byd6ij k n b % e d e d u iv %
$
< C )[$! #($I 2R WA(H)(2 H%#2 6(*\ #( .$x + &%6%3q )6.)DU%#2 F

& ub% Qi b% Qi V b ‡ d u i  b % Q icj 

b  % j 
(%
! &  i <> 
q7)
' q q('
 b % Q i )@ #(R$&%#2 #($U2#)- + 
 

‡ b\d u ‡ & ui j  g
¦4
q q7 ' ¦¦ ¦ n
t !( # !   !~/œ0! *! # % ?! %=!I !  0/ Ž! # " 4  0
/
[

A y=ϕ( x)

x
a x1

$9< 5 <

X 6L0$&.C #J0; #4TUD 

 + )#%)(D&2 ‚)H.$)#,2‚ „0;)2 #4T5D6. ‰ ‚%) ‚$&! #%$I U%c66 
$ „. 
.)D6$7 6
 J)
 ,2#2 .)$x+ ^6)"2 #% 4 } Lf2#)<
€8[‚„ƒ… C D~†
C < 8iehgG@;>C B < $8‚ C ‚„8[<fk C 
 /!5$&  )[BA(066L< OTUDE($  )0;)6  NsO)% .) ‡  d …u j ‡ (
.)%#(! b ! #
 } 2 < i <ƒwLD601 69 q
 H  #% TUD b Nse d Qse)gCgCg)e dh e q  QseCg)gCg)e  h q i  ¤' ‚01
6L0 - + .$& U%' d Q701 #K]A()
06< q
wL$:7 .))
 [I z%#2 6(*\ #( .$x +  F
‡‰?j NseŠ"Q ‰8jd Q:V |eŠ … ‰8jd… 
e
2#()
 
v Š"Q ‰ v Š  ‰
b\‡‰ e2Š:Q ‰ eŠ  ‰ eCgCg)g)eŠ hC‰ e e eCg)gCg iv‡‰8j b Nse d  eCg)gCg)e dth e d uQ e)gCgCg)e d h u iv N
v ‡)‰ v ‡)‰
q q
0; #K42 2 a‰b Š:Q ‰ eCgCg)g)eŠ hC‰ iSj ac\b d Qse)gCgCg)e dhi <
=?#@"2 #% 4 } 5%)# F

j \NP_Z¡R™ `bZG™šM RPblK M4Vq`_RRP_VtT–\J^P_Z]MNRpu[M4Vq`_RsMN\T¡`[\J^P_Z]MNRpu[MITŽV MK g

n
=?#
]A()
0‚(q?$ £ j Q  … H…  ‡Jb Nse  QfeCg)gCg)e Hh i >07 #%  07 #,x- + .)D   QseCgCgCge Hh H… )
~ €$#C<?#%q T5D6J%$   6 )0; )6J6L0 - + .)$` 
)%F 
… Qf I
0#%$&#2 H.) 
0; )%J H…
)% .)   …Q j )F.) 6( U% F )>
 2^.) 7 E07 #(C- + .)D ^. r#()%0;).f2„  ]A( % QfY
.)(2 2<KwL$ :q?#%£^¤ )n 
0I {C # H… QO01 # H… Q:V |@07 #2 4.) 7   
.C JR6$I 62 .)' 4%D 4
K 
)% K.) ^#%%0;).f2 :BA( % Q)[.) 6( U%<
€8[‚„ƒ… C  

D ~† C < 8iehgG@;>C B < 
$8Ž….‚ C ‚„8[<fk C gG< a©?…dg¡i 
wLD0; 9 [  #% HTUD

 j ¢ … 
 …   
‡ Jb Nse  QfeCg)gCg)e Hh i

 
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

)K2 :TUDZ07 #2 4D H*y 

$&$I 3Z#%2 .)$& )
b | i  ~ €!#x6.)  b,icj . 2)
 
Jb Nse b | i  QfeCgCgCge b | i Hh icj Jb Nse  QfeCg)gCg)e Hh i g
b =8 #[BA(0&6($:I 4)6)#%9- + 4012)6.)$I ")0;)6F + HZ J$, .$I 4 HD^BA(70;5)
 O2 # F

 .  | ‡ ()|  

b | i>j %| . ;|  %$:):]A(Z)[):]A( % # ig
  

}  6
TUD3.)_ z2#2 (*\ #( .)$x+  F

 …]b | icj
‡‰8j Nse
b | i H…
)% .)
v H…]b | i 
¦ v‡‰ ¦ j H …]b | i  j   …  b | i b | i H…"j H… 

¦
¦
¦
¦
  
¦ ¦
 MT5D6 b | i )?D7 }#( ¦ .)$x+ "<Y=8 ¦ #&@2 2' } ..)$x+ z)Y$! #%$ 2c 0; #8)L%) #() M } 526)# F

… u ,b i H…1j .) 6( U%

¢
…  

)Y).$#)I M(D }O& Y
 
)2 Y 9 D6I #()Y. 4#%%0;).f2Z 5BA(O6O#%2 .)$C + J7$&'0; # u b+ i
).) , %< } %)
 TUD. 
   b | i b | icj .H  +b  iSj . LU% .) u  ,b i V u +b iS j  6
.)$# u b,i )Z U%$($ƒ+ 2#($.) b . ‚%)#($&7 2  " TUD u ,b i D7  t2#%$&{z ~ € # i %$)6
D! .2#M0#( 0$&4.) !  #0#% 06$  <cXS(%Z!).f2 #@0#%0$H 73 :BA(ZZ#( .$x +  i <
‰ 6 #2 4R$&)^%$

 
  


u b+ iSj
 ‡
   
‡ ‡ 
 

)% .) u b+ i  j  ‡  
   j  
  b ! #%$ 7.C #( i <

 j  ) @)"]A(F63#( .)$x+ 1e

 u b,i  j b e  e! M
i j b  /  i r
 :4D% I 0#( 0$7 „.- + .)&$.) )S06#%5D.%

$q 652 <  
=?#
&„ 2 b  …  H…\i  j .) 6( U%O6).)$&#)>)K
 
)2/ 9DI #46)K%$&(%) /. 
#%%0;).f2 "BA("   [.) ,  %<
XS_:.C (63D67
#( .)$x+ .) ^#%%0;).%  BA( % #
  ‡  

u… b,i H…1jŒb …  H
 …\i  b, e  e i#j … 
… Q … Q H…  g
u b+ iSj
 




 e …  
‡
 
‡


;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   


€8i_@;>d@;> C D  †¨4i C «…j8Ž‚g/?8š©?8i;g{@8[<fkiXgG… <wLD601 69 

 :TUD ƒj   
b i V 
O07 #%
D7 H07 #,x- + .)D J)^):)(07 .$7 HD7 4$&(2 .)$ J):#%$9)"<  j b  Qfe   e   # i )@):
 2<

< ‰ 0 #(%$#Y6O#%2 .)$& .) 4#()(01.2F }.) 7 'BA(0#%R7 #TUDK( R#%K M2#% C ).f2 #($I    j
. (2 2< 
< ' #%$&! 6J), 4#%I .$x +  60#( R7 #OTUD z2 #(%$C +  J.)D#,! J  6@6).)$&#)LT5D63 F2#% C ). 

% #%$ J)[0I 7 F S

= #%$&#2 4G:60#)<
 <@=8 $f+  (O)4L06I } @2#% C ).f2 #($I }3)40;  #%)6)#%$`! #Y 'wL9 D7 }G fz6)0&)#)<
< ‰ 70 #,2$#[3I H.)%#(! .)$C +  3)6)#%9- + 6 )6.) 2#% #} H%#2 C .% #%$ 6< '
 $(.)D6%$#KM$&(%$2 
.) % [()9+D ^)"! & #OZI J)#(97- + L<

   !" # $  )*"+ #-,/.   #

%'& ( %0&2143 %05

X 4), „%.).)$C + r! #% 4. 

S)^0#%$&.)$&0$ S0;LJ#%D.)$&#J)%$,2 E6  ).D7 .$ 
S
.C [ + $&.C [ 4D7 H%I J).D7 .$x + ^Z0#%$&#O #() b 2 *\#(2D67 7 
)%3_6)#%$`! 7 K07 #%.)$ )<
6 F xH
$ 9 #( 8 7 i <  Z!5$& )I } 2 6< U. 3#%$&! #S ).)D .)$C +  9} $&&2:<; . R$L
07 #,2$&#>6M S2#2 (*\ #( 7 c.C K + $.) )<cXS)(2 F().).$x + I 7 #()
  *\ #( Z + c9 )  + %#%$&.C 6
J2#% x!S+ MZ O*\D.$ [9 )5 )+ ($.) KI z%) #)- + 4Z.C 
0; )<

=?>A@>CB DEFHGJILM K FONPIRQTSUVFHGJIRUXWZY M N[Y\

K QI<GLU

 ($#% ["*\D.)$& 7  F

acb\d QfeCgCg)ge dthiSj k  b Nse d Q b N i e)gCgCg)e dh6b N i e d5uQ b N i eCg)gCg)e dUh u b N i%iv N
(D019 
 KTUD3):0#( R mpoq
b iu ‡ j  e d…‹b NBP icj … e d…‹b^]}icj Š …
2$&)D67 +D 6$.C J( D6.)$x+  dt…]q b Ns e¤' ] eŠ"Qsq7eC,gC¤ g)g)eŠ hi 2 "TUD d…  d … u %)  Ž Q  b_] eŠ"QseCgCgCgfeŠ hi <
‰ TUD"- +  @$&012)($:*\D#(2>)8I [>6L$,2.)$ [ZD6$.)$&7 3>I K% &D.)$C + "<YwL$ )?Ž  Z jb 

)% .));.) 
4)^I 40#( 0; %$&.)$x+   cAdJ< < d… )@ŽZ@)[$&*\#%.)$ R_q & K7 % )< q?£^¤q£a`

798;:=<?>A@;>C B <fedEG† g `(WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z ubJ R™ `bZ]\Jd`œ [MNPuMNž RJ^\x`QMNR4Vq` \x`bZG™dJdu;`;u;y

P b_] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h iSj k  b Nse d Q b Nse ] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi eCg)gCg)e dUh u b Nse ] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi%iv Nsg
h

=Y #2 _b ] eŠ"QseCgCgCgfeŠ hi A(6ih P b_] mpeo Š"qQseCgCgCgeŠ h i )3)S! & #)S*\D6.)$7 S) %D 0D2_.)#)- + 2$&.)<
G
.)D6#(! d b Nse ] eŠ:Q2eCgCgCgeŠ h i M J.)D#,!k j(9)5)+ ($.C l
2#% b NBP)e3Qse)gCgCg)e h i  b^] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi <

  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

Y
i

Ai
t
t T
$9<
<

} 2)
 KTUDZ%$:0;)6$
 OI JY 6L$(%).$I 4ZD7 +D $&.C z.D#(! H9 )5 + %$.) 6.D7  b NBP)e3Qse)gCgCg)e h i
% #%R6$&2#% #%$ )UU% .)O07 #2 b_] eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ hi  b ] e ŠHQse)gCgCg)e Š h i 7C 
D7 z( I 3.)D#,! z9 )5 + %$.)
TUD3 OD6<
y

−y y

Ai t
−
t0 T T
$9<
<

‰ 6 #2 66I J*\D.$x + 2h P@)[$&*\#%.)$ R F  Z).6 F

P  d d 
j k   ¢ V vN
h

Š …  Š … Š … N
¥ mpo q7 ` ¥ q£ ` ¥
.) d  u )MŽ Q )^O7 % K¥  b Nse d Q b Nse ] eŠ"Qs¥gCgCgCgeŠ h i eCgC¥ gCge ¥ d hu b Nse ] eCgCgCgeŠ h i(i
)@Ž Q . ^)#($&! 7  b 0; #K%q£ #[` 0D2
.)#)- + 2$&.) i 60;L6)
 K$29 #2 #K01 #K0 #(%)K R6%)# F
q `
7 h P d 
j ¢ g
Š …  Š … ¦¦
¥ q £ ` ¥ ¦ mpo

?= #% d  b NBPxe ] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hij O)$¥ 01$&)2_¥  ¦ Š …  d  _b ] e ] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h ij Š5xK01#&
 U% F

;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   


P
Š …
j
h
b^] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ h e d uQ b^] e ] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi eCg)gCg)e d h u b^] e ] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi%i  …g
¥ q?£^¤
') $&%
45 F
¥
P d d
V k  ¢
‹
j V v Nsg
h

] ¦
¦  ] ] NŒ
¥ q ¦ mo q7 `Ž¥ q?£a`¥
c]29 #2 663UDf! 01 #K0¥  #(%))7¦ D62 6 J).)D¥ .)$C + _6FXS¥ D&¥)# F
P d 
j V g
h
¢
¦  ¦
q ¦¦¦ 
] ]
¦
¥ q£a`¥ ¦ mpo
¦
 
 d  ^b ] e ] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š hicj Š5x2)¥ 6)
  F ¥

vd  d d
j3j V e
v] N ]
¥ ¥
0; #K4 U% F
¥ ¥
P
h

]
j b_] eŠ:Q2eCgCgCgeŠ h e d5uQ b_] e ] eCgCgCgeŠ hi gCg)g i‡ ¢  … d5…u b e eŠ"QseCg)gCge2Š h i g
^] ]

).)#%7 6¥ ¥ TUD3%$ q b Bi … '@$&! )#,2$&R( R#%Z 4%#2 C .% #%$ 6I J%#2 ,*\ #% .$x + 3G:)9)#(
), H + R$ 7 6$7 bA} q£A¤q£ < i 6015)
 KY6606#%)% #  … ^*\D6.)$C +   … 6%)6#%)
 
`


P
‡  b_] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h e  QfeCgCgCgfe  h i g
j 
h

]
¥
 % 
):6).T5D6  …"j   ¥ o 2)
  F
¨4i C ƒ C! >d@;>[C B < AEG†•–JMb
e Bi¤ …  
MNR JLZG˜bMKY™dJdlV M Vq`œWYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z+ubJ R™^`bZ]\Jd`  [MNPu(MNž RJ^\x`MNR™f` ž u[M
ZGJdu;`_›
MZG™šP_Z]\NMNR h P b^] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š h ?q i£^¤qR£a` `b™dJ RjWr`[\NMU`QVq` MN\T¡`[\JGP_ž Z u[M`bOsJLVt™,P_Z ¡`[\NPblJdy
h P h P h P
V  _b ] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h e )e gCgCg)e i>j g
] Š"Q Š h
¥ ¥ ¥

).)#%  TUD'%$ b iB¥ … @$!)#(%$R&5)2.)¥ KI >).D7 ¥ .)$& OXSD&)#>% T5D6$&! 2)
I K).)D .)$& )[.) [ + ?q $&.C£^ ¤ £a ` db } 2/ 6<  Yi F

d… j e  …1j‡

  ,¤
.) dt…Bb NBP i>j …e dt…Bb^]}iSj Š … < ¤

} 2)
 [TUD3%$ ] j NBPx7U% .)} J*\D.)$C + $, 6.)$I 49 L )+ %$&.C H), H +  76$7 H7 + &($ Š … j …
.)! & # h b NBPxe3QseCg)gCg)e hiSj  <cXS@6).)$&#)4h b NBPCeŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h i 6
(7
+ 7$&7 4)^9 )#2  <c=Y #%
0;L# j(#%% `! # lI .)D7 .$x + / 9M $&&% :<; .) R$8)Z.)2 #($2)#ZD3 2 $&$.$I &)M
%$&9 D #%)<c=? #2 40;L#[ R62)#( [7 #%)
 KD
$&0[+ %)%$&K + O*\D)#,2<

b
 
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

=?>A@>
 M FHNPIRGJI M FHYJQ NY S UVFHQ Y Q:U CIRNU N

 ($#% [ J%D0;)#

7.)$&F($9 D$&)2)*\ #( J07 #2 ƒ+ %#%$.) F

N j BN P b  QfeCgCgCgfe )h i

¢ b  Qse)gCgCg)e Ch i
d… j ,… b  Qse)gCgCg)e Chi
"*\D.)$& 7  acbyd QseCgCg)g)e dth icj0  b Nse d QseCgCg)g)e dth e d Qu eCg)gCge d h u iv Ns<
wL$ RD(.C 
 @ K06D2 M.)#)- + 2$&.) Kmpo q  a 07 #2 H.)D6#(!  "d b N i 2 [T5D6 dt…Bb^]}i>j Š … d…]b NBP i ),L3+ % R#(
I J(D0;)# .)$ F
y

−y y

Ai − t
t0 T T
$9<
< 

 
_&^!5$& Zr)cBA(06 cAdJ<  < 6?0;L6)
 3%#2 2 #Z),206#% R&) ^. 
_>TUD$&! &)2
)6.) 2#% #> c0D%  .#C- + 2$. S acb\d QseCg)gCg)e dth e%NBPxe  QseCgCg)ge )h i .) 6$.)$& 7 6 c01 #c Z6 7$&.)$C + H
 
< 8)6#% @0; #KJ2 2  V JD`2$06$.)  #()Le  PCe "Qse)gCgCg)e  h 2 KTUD F

 _aSbyd QseCgCgCge%NBPCe  sQ e)gCgCg)e C h i)b 1QseCgCgCge" h e8PCe)gCgCg)e hi

h
V ¢  … …Bbyd QseCgCg)g)e%NBPCe  Q eCgCgCge ) hib 1QseCgCg)g)e" h e 8P)eCgCgCge  hicj
P
07 #%  … EŽ Q 2 KTUD  …]b^]}iSj b  HTUD dt…Bb_]'iSj Š … tA( i 6  F

 P j N ‡NBP b  fQ eCgCg)ge )h i

 …
 j d…‹b NBP i ‡ B… b  QeCgCgCge ) hi g
=?#@&J % F

k  ¢ b   V  u iv N ‡  P  V7P b  P ‡ ¢ N 1  i
 ¦
¦ 
mo q `
 q?h £a` q ¦¦ pm o `

V ¢  …  …]b NBP i V d … u b NBP i  P ‡ ¢ …  ;   j g

Q 
`

;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   

8    CP e ; j  4)rŽ P
 NBPxe ] 2#()

 zTUD Z).D7 .)$& JXSD&)#3%  !O+ $  F
b iu j 0;L6)
 K$29 #2 #K01 #K0 #(%))7D62 6  b^]}icj  g
q? £a

`
)Uq7 b  NB` P i e  PCeCg)gCg)e  h ( E #%R$`2#2 #%$ F
h
7P V
 ¢  …Id … u b NBP icj 
Q ¦
q ¦¦¦ pm o
 … j 
¦
7P2N
 V ¢ q£A ¤ ¦¦¦… m o …  j  07 #2  j eCgCg)g)e 
…
` `

'3I   V 0#($
)#2 @.)D7 .)$)@! )
 MT5D6 ^0D)6z%#  g1wLD6R(%$&2DL )6  Pxe "Qse)gCgCgfe  h
)^I „6+D &2$& )2#% F
h h
b ‡ ¢ d …u i N  V ¢ … j  07 #%  j eCgCg)ge  g
Q Q
q q £A¤ `
 `sq£^¤
8Ž‚g edEG† • Mx` Vq` O{`b™AKYJ
u[M
ZGJdu;` wGP_K …  j   j O-
)…d›9MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR V PRvwaTŽZG™šPR
\K–Ÿ ž ™AJ^\NPRœu[MZa \NP_ZaubJ^\J^P_Za`;u[PRIwGP_KMdt…B^b ]}i>j Š d… › N j NBP b  QeCgCgCg¤ e )h i ›dt…:j …Bb  QfeCg)gCge Ch i—R`b™dJ RjWr`[\NMZ
Vq`_RœMN\T¡`[\J^P_Z]MNRUu[MITŽV MKryb iu j › {Vq`_Rœ\NP_ZaubJ^\J^P_Z]MNR4u[M4™dKn`bZ¡R˜bMK R`bVtJdu;`;u9MZ  y
¥ ¥
j   NBP q £^¤ q ,¤

u[P_ Zau[M

 j b  h Qse)gCgCg)e  hi>j b eCg)gCg)e  i
 j‡z b ‡  Q d …u i>j d u  q£ n ‡ q?£

q q q  
XS_0 #(%$.)D6I #O($ …]b  QfeCgCgCgfe )h i>j )… 7)% .) @ 4 %#%$&{'$2$ 2#%
 A
£ ¤

NBP
 ) …
j  …"j b NBP b  QfeCg)gCg)e ) hi e d…Bb NBP i e d … u b NBP i%i g
¥ q£A¤
¥
>jƒ{C B ko8 > $8 š ©?<?@;>[C B < –8 C œB8 >d@g
•–TwGP_ZaubKNMOQPR STGM u;`;u[P  ›sMJ R™šM4w¡`bKx`/b^] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š hi TŽZa` TŽž ZGJ^\x`RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z+`)MNR™,M4waK PblV MO{`_›
\NP_Z Vq`_R \NP_ZaubJ^\J^P_Z]MNR u[M ™AKn`bZ¡R˜bMK R`bVtJdu;`;u_›}d"b Nse ] eŠ"QeCgCg)g)eŠ hi

HpM ZGJLOQPR MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR Vq`QWYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z
ubJ R™^`bZ]\Jd`œ [MNPu(MNž RJ^\x`bF 
h b^] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hicj k  b Nse d Q b Nse ] eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ hi eCgCgCge d5h u b Nse ] eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ hi(iv Nsg
mpoq
} 2)
 TUD„NBP01‚ b^] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š hi„F 6/6).ƒ07 #% .C 7 b_] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h i M x D
+D $&.) 06D2 b NBPxe d Q b NBP i eCg)gCg)e dth6b NBP i(i % R6#%  %D601# 7.$ $&$.$I   b I /D$.$7  }0D% 
2 $ E!L$&) D$.$7   d"b Nse ] eŠ"QeCgCg)g)eŠ hi(i S 0; #4„2 2„2)
 HD7 ‚ 0&$.) .)$C +  F
b ] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š h
^ i ‡1† b  Qse)gCgCg)e Ch i 6 7$&7 0; #} .) #(#%%0; .)$ 2#%z7 2'4&)9 7 HE 
7 6 [Z2 &$7 J( R#%  <
>jƒ‘C B k8 > ?8 @ C <fkX>d< ©?>+$g5 F •–TXwGP_ZaubK MOQPRST–M C…]b^] eŠ"QseCQ g)gCg)eŠ hi RP_Z Ž Q  RaŸ ž OsJ ROQP
RTwGP_ZaubKNMOQPR4ST–M[dt…Bb Nse ] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h i ›8d … u b Nse ] eŠ"Qe)gCgCg)e2Š h
i RP_Z Ž 


b  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

t
T

$9<
< 


TUD    9 D  0[+    0  .  0   b  R  C …ˆi ! " D60   7. #$   9 D  %
}
b =        & D.  +   0  - + . '( i <
=  $
)   * + D    *\D.  +  F

hb^] eŠ"QseCg)gCge2Š h iSj k  $ 1 b Nse d Q b Nse ] e2Š:Qse)gCgCgfeŠ h i e)gCgCgfe d hu b Nse ] e2Š:Qse)gCgCgfeŠ h i%iv Nsg
.

mpo, n-  -0/0/0/ - 
q
   $
rF
d d NBP
j k  ¢ b V iv N g
h
‡
Š …  Š … N Š … Š …
¥ mpo q ` ¥
7 q £a` ¥
? ¥ q
2
 u j %43  $¥  5  
9  53 5 3 ¥  $ F ¥ ¥ ¥
q £a` q ` d  NBP
j g
h
¢ ‡
Š …  Š … ¦¦ Š …
¥ q£ ` ¥ ¦m o ¥ q
w R 
TUD 3d  b^] e ] eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ hic¥ j Š5 6 ¥
¦
¥

d  b NBP b^] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š hi e ] eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ hicj  b  QseCgCgCge ) hiSj O b^] eŠ"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi g
=  7(  hF

U dŠ  … ¦ j ¢ U  d  BN P
‹
¢ ‡ g
 ¦  Š … NBP Š … Œ
¥ ¦ mpo ¥ ¥ ¥
¦
b  8$  $ TUD 

b Nse ] eŠ"QseCgCg)g)e¥ Š hi9 ) 3  8 ¥ :8 " ¥ 3 ¥ 8; Š …<8 D  N $ tA Ui;=
`
¤  
h

Š …
j ‡ ¢ U OŠ … ¦ V  ¢ yb d  u U i‡  ŠNBP … g
¦  
¥ q£A¤ ¦¦¦  ¥ ¦
¦ mpo q ¥
2
 ¥
¦
¥ ¥
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   

   NBP NBP 
j ¢ e j ¢
Š …  Š … Š …  Š …
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
    8$ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥

NBP  BN P 
 Š …
‡ ¢ U OŠ … j ¢
   ‡ ¢
O
U  
Š …
j g
  
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
6 UT D   $ A(D  ¥   & *8 ¥ 8$
 &  ¥  
      ¥ = ¥
=  7(  hF

Š …
h
j  …Bb eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ h e d uQ b e eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ hi eCgCgCg i g
_] ^] ]

¥
   *  hF
¥

d d NBP
k  ¢
‹
j V v N:V
h
‡
 N ‘Œ ¦
q ¦¦¦ 
] ] ] ]
¥ mo q7 ` ¥ q£ ` ¥ q ¥
d  NBP
¥ j ¢ ¥V ‡ ¥ ¥ g ¥
 ¦ ¦
q ¦¦¦ 
] ]
¦
q?£a` ¥ ¦m o
¦
q ¥
2
   5  $
¥ ¥

d
j‡@d5 u b^] e ] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š hi e byd  b^] e ] eCg)gCg i>j ŠL i
¦
¦
]
¥ ¦

 ` ¦
j 

‡ d  u pm o b 8$¥
¦   2i % 3  7  hF

¦ 
¦m o
`

  NBP
U O g
¦
‡  b^] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š h e  QeCgCgCge  h i V  ¢ \b d  u U i‡
j 
h
¢
]   ]
‡
 ]
¥ q ¥ ¥
2
  ¥ j
`
   
 ` 
e
pm  o
j  
mpo  
 e     8$ ¥ ¥

  NBP  
  ¢ byd  u  i‡  ‡ ¢ U O j ¢

NBP
‡ ¢  O  
j g
]  ]   ]
q ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
R   $ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥

V  j
h

]

  b e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š
i %<   
&  D   
¥  
^]   b eŠ:QeCgCgCgeŠ h % d uQ b e e Š"QseCg)gCg)eŠ hi gCgCg i g _] ^] ]

=  $
 63    d … u b e e Š"QseCgCg)geŠ h i9  \D 8q
£A ¤    …    7#    6 b
¥ _] ] ]i …   )     R bF
 8 C iX8Ž‚g dE)† •–J b e ivMNRUJLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV MN›RJ Vq`_R[J w{P_ž ™šMNRJ Rpu[MpVq` WYT[Z]\JGP_qž Z £^¤q£  [MNPu(MNž RJ^\x` 9 u[Ms\NP_ZG™dJ a`

ZGT[Jdu;`;usRP_Z R`b™dJ RjWoMN\¡`_RNq›.£AM¤ £ ZG™šP_Z]\NMNR b eŠ:QeCgCgCgfeŠ hi R`b™dJ RjWr`[\NMVq` MN\T¡`[\JGP_ž Zu[M—  `bOsJLVt™šP_Z ¡ `[\NPblJdy
a`
h _]
    
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

‹
V  eŠ:QeCgCgCgfeŠ h e eCgCg)g)e j g
h h h

Š"Q Š hfŒ
]
]
¥ ¥ ¥
} 
TUD 

h j e ¥ ] j NBP b  QseCgCgCge ) hi e ¥Š … j …]¥ b  QseCg)gCg)e ) h i g
¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦
X .         5T D  
    $  $ 3     
   $   8 D 8$
:% 3   
     $8 
8 4 8  = =  $    $ "8$
   
  D  8 D $8 
          3  8   
3      F

‹
e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š h ehYe e eCgCgCge j
h h h

Š"Q Š h
]
] Œ
¥ ¥ ¥
8 " 
 R  D * D3    8$  8  ]
¦
e2Š ¥ …
¦
e¥ h
¦
  ¥
$=
¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦
¦ ¦ ¦

=?>A@>
 M <EHGJI M FHYJQ NY YJGJEHU GJI M FHYJQ Y F NY4I  U NU QHU  GJIRU <YJQXNY 4IXY

M  NY\F

w  3D $   b_] eŠ"QeCgCg)g)eŠ h ehYe 7PCe 1QseCgCgCge  hicj  % 8 7P j  %  … j  %D $8 D 8$
   3  

  :%    h $ 
  5  R   D  D 3    8$   8        3   F ¤ ] j NBP b  QeCgCgCge )h i e Š … j
…]b  QfeCgCg)ge )h ;i =
‰ i wLD 3   
3   TUD    $
D  7  D 8$
 h _b ] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h i}b ŽZ i! 7$  3 R  %
8 !h j h b  QeCgCgCge )h i =
¦
¦
¦
¦
h b_] eŠ"QseCgCgCgeŠ h i   3  $    7    8 D D3    8$  ‚~ € h ˆ  T5D  3   3  D D3  
 8
j h

  8    3  b  e h ;i = ¦
¦
¦
‰   
   #  * 7¦ D3    8$ h ‡ h b^] e2Š:Qse)gCgCg)e2Š hicj    ¡
F
jŒb h  eh eCgCgCgeh   e ‡ icj b 5 e 8  5 j b 7P)e  QseCg)gCg)e  hi g
‡ i
n   
X *3  8 D   $ (       R         
 

8;   (      
j b  e h i%
¦
¦
¦
  $8 
 b  ese)gCgCg)e h eh i F ¦

¤ h
    ¢ U!O  j h    seCgCgCge ) hi
 e Yj eCgCg)g)e  g

¤ ¤ ¤
 .      &  
5( 
      3    8$bF


       h     

 ! "$#&% '
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4    Ž

N0

S=S(T,Y1 , . . . ,Y
n )

N
( Σ, S| )
|Σ

Σ
T

 =
=

2       $     $84 8$   8

   $8   $       "      ' #  % 3  $

 6 3       ' #   $    # 8
   8$         " $# 
        

   n    
=== n ===      "  # 
n ===
          
        $8  8
   8$ n   3  3       :    &   $8 
   3  8'( # =
•–TwGP_ZaubKNMOQPR4ST–MœMNR™šP9MNRsMV\x`_RP aMZ]MOQPRpMZG™šP_Z]\NMNR 5 % 5     # RPblKNM  =
 
}

 8    Š     Š     Š    Š $#       Š   Š  #  # %  %53  

      8   +(    8
 8 "  3  8;  Š  ! Š   F  n
] h ] ] 




   
   ¢   
 % '     …
 %
Š …
h
% 
   h $ Ž  #
 ]
 ¤ ¤ ¥ ¤

   
  ¢    % '     …
 % 
¥ U ¥   h  Ž  #
… §"
¤ ¤ ¤
       
3  
Š  % =
` `
]

2
  %    Š  ! Š  # %     Š    Š $# 3  $ ( 
3           3    8$ªF
] ]

U   Š   Š $# ‡ U %  % 8       U   U    o‡ #;% 3    3   8    *  8 
]

    "  #      o  "  # n % U    "  ## =

`
      "  # 
‰   
U   8  *8  8
       8 :   A F


   U
  ¢   U % 
…t§"
  Š  # =
¤ ¤
   *
    
             
   3 $   8 8

`
]  Š 
    # ¤  8     8;         ‡      # # 
8  3  8$  8  ) 
o
`

`
   
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

Pj

−
N

 =
=

w  
    " $# ;%3  

5  8$       *8     #  Š   #   Š ]   # % U  ## $  &
 3    8$ U ‡ U  ]  Š    Š  #&%  %  &   
8$
 8$  (     ªF
 [u 
] #  Š  u  #   Š  u  #   u  # # %          o‡  
   U!##

o n
6   3   %    %  <% 3       "  #      "  #  U   ` " $##
 !   $ 
 
$

   $84 8   rF

] u  #%    ]  Š   Š $# ]   # % 

Š … u  #%   o]  Š    Š $# Š … # % …  % 


 u  #% ‡  ¤
   U!#
    #&% U       # 

 )  +      # 8 8     3           

 8$
 
 8 %
3 
`
 3      5 =
‰   

‡   #  U  ]  #  Š   # ! Š   ##         
 
‡  u  #  ¢  Š … u  #&% 
   
  ¢   U % 
… §" … §"
¤ ¤ ¤
      8 4 8$  $ 3    u 6rŠ u…  ## =   # ‡  $   "8  +(      "    
`
 #
 1    % ¡F  
 8 8     $ .
!    8     * $8$    
$      3  
 8
U % U   Š   Š  # =
]

   
     8      #  Š  #   ##       3    8$ % ]   Š    Š $# 6 h h h ]

  8  3   
$8$   5 
  # (     5 
  # o‡ #     9    3    8$ % 6     3 
 %  %    
rF   # %        $#; %LŠ5   # %
]      " $# %   # %    "  #;% 5   # % h h
5    "  #;%   8  $   3 $   $  $ $ 3  8   3    8$  U %
U   Š   Š $#;%.3     
 {    $ 3 3  8  
]      +(  9  3  
 8 63  
 3    8$ %   Š    Š  # =
h h ]
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4     

   
     
      ¡F

] u  #%    ]  Š    Š   h   

    " # 
Š  u  #%  o  ]  Š   Š   h        ' # 
 u  #% ‡  `     U!#   Š   Š     ! "$# ] h

h u  #% ¢  …     Š    Š      " #
`
] h
… §"
¤
8    
#  8$  F ]   # %   
    "  # %KŠL   # % O    " $#  U   # % U      $# ;%
h   # % h     "  # =


 $84 8$
 .     &      & 78    ¡F 
h  # % h  ]  #  Š   # ! Š   # #     8$ F

h u  #&% ¢ h

Š … u  # % ¢  … Š … u  #  3 5  4 8
   … ## 
… §"
¤
 $ Ž  %  !  +   &  
 8 5  8$
:% 3    3     5 =   )$  
 8
 F
    {%  
 # ‡
h   #  Š   #   Š   ##         
h ] u  # ‡    …   Š ! Š  #,Š u…  # % ' h ]

2
    %  %  # ‡      # %  %  8   $ 
$    3    8$= ‰  $ 

Zh h

 …  # %     Š   Š $#;%  % '!  8 6  .

        3   8  
]

   "  3 ¤  
 8 U % U   Š  #  3     8      
 8
 8  "  +$# % ]

  #  Š   #   Š   #    ##  ) 78      6    .
# =
]

 "    F

•–J.Vq` O{`b™AKYJ
 MNRsJLZG˜bMKY™dJdlV MN›=w¡`bKn`\x`;u;`    " $# Pbl™,MZ]MOQPRpTŽZa` TŽž ZGJ^\x`QRP_VtT–\JGP_ž Z¡›.RPblKNMpVq`
RTwGMK
c \J^M %   Š   Š  # ›.`bVaRJ R™,MO{` `bZG™šMKYJ^P_K =
h h ]

 # 
  $  +(   8  #6  6  +  8    

 8
   +$# 3          3  
 8
h F

‰ 
       
   

 & 7 6    8$  & 7  3    8$ 5%    ¡F h

Š  u  #%   Š  Š   h   ! "$#   %   


 u  #% ‡  `    U!#  % '! 

h u  #% ¢  …   8 
  
   8  IF
`


¤
Š    #% ]   # %     "  #

ŠL   #% O     $#  %  


   #% U    "  #
h   #% h    " $#
    
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   


 8
:%3   3      5 =
    
 8 7
}

   
    8
 F
  # %   Š   #  Š   #  h  #     # ! "  ## 
   8$
      
  
 u  # % ¢ 

   
  ¢  …  #  ¢    ‡ 
 ‡  
 …#
  
¤ ¤ ¤ ¤ ¤
   8$    #  8  + (   $       6 8$    =     8        …  "  # 

$         $ 8$


       h    ' # %  

3   *(      # % =    $ )    8$     # % =
‰    :%  4 8$         $# $  
  
   8    3  $   { 
3     " $# F
S

 =
=

     8$      ! 
 8   %  +(  58      7      $8$( :% 6%3   $  $#     3   :

   8 8    4 8   $ 3 8; 

 
  8  %   
 8$     (        8  8$ 
 $ 3 8;    "  8$
 
 
6            =&  8$ % 3    Ž # %  % O % U 
% h  EŽ  %   5 
 8  $ 5  _Ž        $# =
 })$     
   
    %  …    !"  #  Ž & O     !"  #   Ž3 6  $

h

Ž  # = w  3  $
   +(          8$  ( ¡F  $ Ž #   O   Ž3%     8$  Š5  # h h

 E  ŽZ)6 U  E  Ž =
w       8$     "  # 8% ŠL  "  "  #;%  "  "  #        
 8$   =
] h

d   
   $8(  #     3  
 8   Š   Š  #  "   8  8 8
 h ]

      8  =
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4     

  5 +
   
3      3   3      5 3  $
 
      !    # 8$
 F   "   " $# †
  ] Š   Š F  8$$   &        8$
 $ %    % ŽF
 #     " $#

     u  # 

 Š   n  Š    Š  u  #
] ] ]

=== n === === %   #

¦ §"
 Š    Š    Š  u  #  ¦
¦
§" ¦
n
          9$84 8$   3  u  #  Š u  # 6 
 
!  8  $= 2   $        %
]

    8$   # * 5(  
3   3     5 % 4 6   7     8
      ¡F

 "  "  #&%  "  " $#  ]  Š  ! Š  # 


  8  8       #    
$8$  (         3  
 8      
}
3   $
  8 78
   "   " $#;% Š5  "   "  ## =   8(     #    
     8$
]

   +

8;                    3     $ F   
 $8$      
 3    8$=
   
    8$   Š    Š  # % U   Š   Š  #;%   8$   Ž3 6Ž   3 $8$    =

h ] ]

2
   
    Š  Š      " #%  % 6   $ 8   3  8    6 8;   %
h

  3 4    U %    % '  =


}

3     "  3    8$   Š   Š  #    
`  #       o‡ #6 3  
h ] h h

3   78       ¦ # %43  7(                   o        &#;% $

h h

¦
¦ ¤
 $8  F ¦

Š …
¢
h

Š … 
% h   % 
 
… §"
¥ ¥
  

`
‰
¥ ¥
 
u  # % ¢ Š …u
h
 #&% ¢
h
  
… §
Š … … §" Š …
h

¥ ¥ ¤
     8   3      $ 8     &8
hF ¥ ¥

  Š % h h


 
 8          & 78    3        8
 # =
 $
¥ ¥
¥ ¥
‰    :%   3     $ 8$   5    
   8(4  3  5    %  % 6 
    


  4     
 
5  8 $ 3  = 
   8
 ( 
 $   $8(4 3  5 6  
5
u  # %    …   =
h
 
  7(      ¤    ‡ 5 % =
 

2
  $
      %   
 % 5 ¦ §" =
  ¦
¦
¦
 
 
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   


    &  

}     &$ 8     u  h # $   $ F
‹
¢   h

Š …
‡  …Œ %    3    ]  Š   Š  # 

      8  *$ (  $ 8$
 ¤ 8$ ¥ ¥   3 $8$ ŠL F


# ¢

 
‹  h
‡  … % ‡ ¢

  ‹ h
‡  …Œ 
Š … Š5 … §" Œ …t§" Š5 ¤ Š …
¤ ¥ ¥ ¥
   : %   $     Š ¥ ¥  Š    =
`
‰  h    " # %
¥ ¥
      8   *8$ "
   3 $8$# ŠL F


  
 h  ¢    … % '
… §"
¤
  

` ` `
‰

v
 u  # % ‡ 
 ‡  U
 %
v 
U  Š   #   Š   ##


U  
`
% ¢   8$ ^Š … u %   # 
… §"
¤ ¤ ¤
   +(  

'   $ 8$  $ %   $ F
 
¢    … % ¢   U ‡  
 h ‡ U!# 
…t§" …t§"
¤ ¤ ¤
w " '  6   # 
` `

# F

U   U!#

 ‹
 …Œ  u # 
¢
…t§"
   h ‡ #&% ‡  h ‡ ‡ ¢
…t§"

Š5 ¤
h

Š …
‡ %  h u ‡ # 

¤ ¤ ` ¤ ` ¥ ¥
6    u % Š    Š  Š $# %  … §"   Š u…  #!¥ 6 $ ¥ ŽZ # =
`
 h h h h

       Š ‡     8$&     $# ¤  8 4 8  $ 5    8  8.  8   58$    

h

      8( Ž #
6 8  8  $   8  

      rF    8     8$
  6   6 $
` ` `

F  % U =

 8 ¡
`
h

 
 8
    8    
*   8#    8   Š  Š        # %  %    
`
h h h


$8       # = h
o
¦
¦
¦
¦


        
 8
  
 8 Ž F   8;   "    
 8
:% 3  
}
3    ‰ #     
    78     C «iX8…dg ©?ƒ8i:@;>d8  8$
"   +$#  
8 4 8$  $ % 8  
   
= 2
    +$# #      8$
 
 8 %   


   
  3  
 8 )8
  8    =
 "    F
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4    

 8 C iX8Ž‚gke~† •–J MNR Ž # ›     " $# › …   $# › h     "  # RP_Z ŽZ ›RJ

         
   n      o
 % n n
      
 
n
   

MNR4JLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV MN›.MZG™,P_Z]\NMNRœMV[waKNPblV MO{`;y

  ]  Š   Š   h  h

 h

 # % 
n
   "  # RPblK M ] %     !" $# › Š … …  " $#

\T[KY˜_`9JLZGJ^\Jd`bV
h % h  %
™dJ^MZ]MpT[Za` Ž T ž ZGJ^\x`‘RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z„MZ qV `9˜bMN\JLZau;`;u9u[M4Vq`  MNR™f` ž u;`;u;`4wGP_K4Vq`QRP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z `bV
RJ R™šMO{`;y

v Š …
v
%    Š    #&%  6Š …   # % …
v … ¤
v
% ‡  ‡  
 …   … # %  …  " $#

v h
v
% ¢  … ¤   h   # % h    "  #

¤
u[P_Zau[M  …  " $# MNR™^`bZ u;`;u[PRcwGP_K—Vq` T[ž ZGJ^\x`vRP_VtT–\JGP_ž Z`;y

       h    ' # %  


¢  …  … % h   %     
…t§"
¥ `

¥
=?>A@>    <IRGLU GJIJM K F U <U YJGJEHU GJILM K F NY   S
U&XI A M
 
F U G M I

 $  8      Š Š  8$  ' Š …¦ …

  
  % h  ]         h     h # % h % ] %  %
  ¦ ¦
n ¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦
¦ ¦ ¦
*#    6    
 
      ¦ ¦ ¦

     


   n
=== n  5
    
  
    8    
           # %    %  O  # …  6      
<
= = w  3  
   )  
    %   8$ $%   3     )¤ 3   $   {  3 
/

     .% 8
  %        $#    $ 5 8     ¥ ¥
   
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

     
    

   n
5 % === 

n .
 
    

8  
 %      8
…  &   #   
¤ `
 
¢ … ¥
 %
¥ ¢   % ¢ … !    
  % ¢   

# …   %   
 
 )… O   
` ¥ ¥ ¤
    8$  ;   %  $  5 % ¥  $  ¥  ;   %:             #    { =  $  
  
 ;          8  $ 3 ;8   
     
 F
     

 n = = ===
 $   %  ;       ‡ #   $  =  

   

%  $     ‡               8    3 8;   
'# 8
   # =     88$
 F
 ;   % ‡      6 $  %  $  ‡      # =
  7(     )  ¤ 
  ¤    ‡      %   6¤  $ ¤ %  # = b b

  $  
8  8  $ 3  

  8$      ¤ )8$¤  8     8$  3   ! " % 3   5 
    8  $ F

    % 
    ¢  … … % h  %  
…
 8$      
$ 
8    $ 
 
  # F ‡      %     =
` ` `
 %


} 
 5$  &$     5 8  8$
7            $#
= ;# %   8$  
 
 
%     '$# % 5 %    ## =      hF
  
‹ )…
%       %   Œ … 
   %    

¥
       8$  $          8$
     6 &
 
 % … =
   ¥

% ‡     

  3   5 $      

%    $ )  $ 8$
 F

 % 
      " $#      "  #      " $#  '‡      ‡     $ # 
 
n
  3   )  
    +( 8 8
        "  #93    %3  
   $ $  $#  &
  8$
  3  
8$ % 3  $   8$ '( 
 *       8$   $ 3 8;  &          
¡F $  $8  ‡     %      6   

98(   4    # = b

¤ ¤
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4    


 
}  %  6 3  $   8
  %       #    8$
    ^F
 o‡    #   % 5   6     3    8$   Š   Š  #    8$
  
 
  # %  C

h ]

 5 o‡ # =
 

S

~
P
Σ
T
~
(P,−1)

 =
=

   $#  &$84 8$            * *8 4 8
         3  8$  #  )    8 rF

Š
Š
 % ]   # %      " $#
Š  %  ŠL   # % O    " $#
Š Š `
%   …  %      …  % 
‡  Š  %   # % 
Š  h
`
Š
Š o
  ¤
% ‡  
 ¤   
 # % ‡
Š
q     # %       $#

Š
% Š
‡ 
 
U   #&% ‡  U   # % U     "  # 
`

  $
   
   3   6    8  $84 8$
 ` `
F

] %   

h  ] #% k     Š    #  Š    #  Š u   #  Š  u   # # v$

mpoq
   &   
 % Š u… = 7 84  ( *$84 8$
 $ 
 8              7    
7 $  
  #
 78       Š    # ¤  Š    ## =

 8 C iX8Ž‚g 
e  † •–J \J^MvJLZGJ^\Jd`bV  F  %      "  # ›
MNRvJLZG˜bMKY™dJdlV MN›cRJIRPblK MvVq` RTwGMK c
… % …  " 
q?£^¤ £ MZ Ž # › › …sMZ Ž  ›RJ`;u[MO'`_ž R ‡    %  Vq`O{`b™AKYJ

# ›s\NP_Z
a`
b

    …  MNR4JLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV MN›cMZG™šP_q Z]\NMNRy ¤ ¤

` 

 g ¤ ` NM \T¡`[\JGP_ž Z u[M —`bOsJLVt™šP_Z ¡`[\NPblJdy   
h
    ]  Š    Š   h

 h

 #&% 
\NP_Z V PRpu;`b™šPR—JLZGJ^\Jd`bV MNR RPblK M1
n

  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

] %     "  #  Š … % …  !"  #  h % 

™dJ^MZ]M4TŽZa` T[ž ZGJ^\x`vRP_VtTG\JGP_ž ZMZ T[Za`Q˜bMN\JLZau;`;u [ u M—Vq`{RTwGMK c\J^MJLZGJ^\Jd`bV

 
R™ `{RP_VtTG\JGP_ž ZMNR™a` ž u;`;u;`—wGP_K—Vq`{RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z b ` ZsP_ž ZGJ^\NPby 
` VfRJ R™šMO{` \xb

Š u   # %  Š u   # % 
 u   # % ‡ 
 U   # u;`;u[PwGP_K   #&% ‡    
 u ‡ 
 
  
`
u;`;u[PwGP_K '
  # %
 `
   #  

m

%

 g ` WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z h  ] # % 0     Š    #  Š    #  Š  u   #  Š  u   # # v$„MNR Vq` WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z ubJ R™^`bZ]\Jd`

 [MNPu(MNž RJ^\x`_›QMNRu[MN\JLK ›‘lN`nmoP~mpMNo Rq ™^`_R [  J w{P_ž ™,MNRJ R Vq`+MN\Th`[\JGP_ž Z 
u[M —`bOsJLVt™šP_Z ¡`[\NPblJsMNR MxST[JL˜_`bV MZG™,M `bV  
RJ R™šMO{` \x`bZsP_ž ZGJ^\NP

 )$  "   3 
$   "         
}   $8    3             :

8        $84 8       6   $84 8$ q£A ¤ £ 8 
 8  # =   8    Š   Š  # ]

    
8$      %   
  
 8     " $#    8$   3    6   
a`

     8
   Š    Š  # †  "  " $#  &         #  &  
    ## =  
]

    $# $  

%       %   8      #;%;Š   #  Š   ## 
 8
"   
$84
] 

8  $   &         $ &  $84 8$   8 
 8  # 6    

              $#;%
     "  #       "  # # =

   8      
 8  "    3   3    Š   Š  # =  (   (     ]

 3 
$       8
     8  $  
8 =  3 
$   "8        8  3   
 3 
$          8     3  +(  $=
g `4Wr`bOsJLVtJd`u[MpRP_VtT–\J^P_Z]MNR ŠL  # ›0RP_VtTG\J^P_Z]MNR{u[MsVq`_RQMN\T¡`[\J^P_Z]MNRQ\x`bZsP_ž ZGJ^\x`_R  ™dKn`bZ¡R˜bMKNR`bV MNRv` Vq`
RTwGMK
c \J^MJLZGJ^\Jd`bV  ›=RM4VLVq`bO{`{TŽZQ@gG‚„ƒ C $8 8 kiX8[‚„gG…j8 =
4
€8[‚„ƒ… C e  © a“?8[<
dE †¨Ui_>d<@;>jƒ> C ?8   %    # v % %   $8 
 w  h % 04   u   u !# n ) 


   8$       ;      $ 3    8$      o    6  #  {%     8  … % %

 … )        # n  %        ‡ )         #  n 


    ‡ %
  q?£^¤
   78$
 7   % )   ‡ )        q   #   %  % ‡  )   ‡ 7 ‡ 7 # n   $ ŠŠ 4 %  %
‡    % Š %  % ‡   =  n
Š

 

8  8$
   8 ^ F 5   $   #        8$ rF         #       =    *8$


£

  % ‡  $8 4 8$
    '  8$$ # %    # 5  $   ŠŠ 4  ŠŠ 4 # F"  6    { $

9 T<;

     * 7  3    8  8 ^ F  +& ) 3   8 3     6    =  £ 9

’ C kg 
e dEG† &8  8$
*         7 ) #    {     …   3 8   3  $
3   

   {   8      8  3      % 8
  %     ¤    # = 8$  8
 `
‡    %
b

  3   3    8 3          3 8$   3    8   8$  =     8 % 3  ¤ ,8 ¤ o 

  Š   Š  # 
$8  7  %   $   
 8 &  8$
 &  $84 8$   8 
]
 8  3   
3  $  3     6        8$
    Š   Š  #;%    
     %
h ]    5 $ 
8  3    
8;   ) $  & *8    % Š5  #;%     # = ]

 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   
Ž

Y
t=t(y
0
, . . . , yn0 )
10

 =
=

}

  $4  %  < C $
 $ $  3 $ &  8$  % $  $8 $%   
 8
  
8 4 8$  $
8 
 8  )8$  8  8  $        6    8 $ # …   # % …  % …  #&% Š …    ]

        
$8    ; # 6    
 8
   
&$     
 *  8$    
    
8$      =  3  
3 $#    *  8$        
 8$
 # #$84 8
  
9   8$$ 8  8     3     8  #)3     $ 
 
   
8   8
  
  

:<;

8    4 8$
 =  5     3 $#   6  +  8 6   8$     3 $$#       3 
3   
      7  '    6 
#    8      #9   
 3   
 8
6  +

   7   8  8$      8    $ 3
6 *8 3 
 =

=?>A@> = U& M Q GLY\F S U RYJQ

2
 8    *4 8$   ( $%       88
      3  
 8*  8       8
3  3       
 $ '( 
 9 6    8 6   8   3  )8 8    7       3  8 
  3      =   3        8       8
     8    
8 %  3     
  3 $$#      8$  8   9           6   #      6   5 
 3 
]

…   #&% … % …  # % ] Š … %6 3   "3 $ 78      *    *  3    8$  F

w    4  % 8$
 .
   }

= %   
*8(4     (     $8$8
  
 3    8$  F<

    !   3  $   {      #       #:6   8   )8$  8

‡    b % =
o
   3  ¤  ,¤    ! $#3  
# 8 #3    8(4   " +(    3    8$ % 4 8$ 
     3        $  3   =
j l

 
88    8$     %    3         $#;%   &84     
$8$       $#;% 8$ 
‡        o‡     o‡     # … %       ) (      
b

    ¤    o‡      o‡    $# %  # %3  $   8        3  

 8  3    3 

 
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

T T

Y Y
t0 Ai

 =
= 

     #:6 8$    

  $  3   
 
$8$   o‡   ‡   # =    
3   5    <

( 7  $ 8     3 
8$8   9         #  )  3  

 8   8  8
 3       
   3  
 8  %       #<3  $   {  3  
3  
$ 
   "  =  
8   
  $  %   8  3  8     !"  # %   $   5  3  
 8   Š   Š  "   "  # % h ]

 8$
    8 8
&  '  8$$ %     8   $ 3   )  8       $# =
9 T<;

’ C kgXe † $ "8      
 3  $   { 8$
   8    3  

 8     ( 8

9

    #*6      "  #   3    (  3   $   { 8$
   

    $#  

    3  
 8   8 $ =

8Ž‚„‚„g e-†U•–J       "   "  # MNR ŽZ MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR h  ]  Š   Š  "  !" $# MNR ŽZ
 
% N\ P_Z¡R™ `bZG™šM RPblK M—V PRsM™dK MO{`bV MNR ŠL  "

 !"  #

¤ 
¨4iª©$8«g        8$                     
 8      +    $84
   

8  $       <8$ * $ 3 8$&  3  $ 

 
  8 4          98 8         # =


   $
)   

F

v ‹ v ‹ /h 
v
h

C… Œ
%
v
h

)… Œ
 ]  Š   ] #   Š   ] # "   $#&%
)…
 ¢
)…
h

ŠL

 ] ] 
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ `
   Š ¥ u  # %  # = ¥
 
¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
   8
*   
) * *8 4 8
   `
9 '  8$$^F
T<;
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   


Y
t
0

 =
=

‹
]
h
  ]  Š   Š  
Š
h



Š
h

 Œ
% 

3  7     " $# ;%3 ¥¥  

      8  F ¥
¥
¥
¥


)…
h
 ¢  )…  ŠL h
% 
] 
¥ ¥
  $8 
`

¥ ¥ ¥ ¥
v ‹ h
%   
v  )… Œ
¥
= 5=  =
¥
  3    8        #    8$             6 $8$                $# ;%
   $
$        $ '( 
 ¡F

¨4i C ƒ C! >d@;>[C B <  
]gh@ C «>XF

e •–TwGP_Z[ ;`bOQPR ST–M     …  RMx`pJLZG˜bMKY™dJdlV MMZ  ]  Š  ! Š  
 
  !"   # • Mx`bZ  … % ‡ 
  ]  Š   "   # MZG™šP_Z]\N¤ MNR` y


g
 ¤
`_R0MN\T¡`[\J^P_Z]MNR  … % ‡   ]  Š    Š  "  " $# ™dJ^MZ]M TŽZa` T[ž ZGJ^\x`(RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z Š …]     #

 MZ T[Za`Q˜bMN\JLZau;`;u [ u MœMNRM0waT[ZG™šP
¤
•–J 
  … ] # %
h

Š …
 ]  Š   ] "  !"  #  "  "  #

¥
¥

  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

MZG™šP_Z]\NMNRy

Š …u  ] # %    …u  ] # % 
‡



¤ ¤

• JIu[Mjmr`bOQPRU˜_`bKYJd`bK
–  …")…d› MZG™,P_Z]\NMNRUVq` ™AKn`bZ¡RjWoP_KYO{`[\JGP_ž Z  Š  # †  h 
# MNR{\x`bZsP_ž ZGJ^\x`_›\NP_Z
WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z  [MZ]MKn`b™AKYJ
Š 
   Š  "   $# 9MN\T¡`[\J^P_Z]MNRp\x`bZsP_ž ZGJ^\x`_Ry 
 h  ] 

 u…  ] # % '  …u  ] # % '

¨4iª©$8«g]† }

3      8  8
    
           $8        # 

 #        
5    "    3         3     8  = +( 8  8$
 3   
    $  $#  &   8
  3  
8$ 3   6 3 $  MŠ …     8
" &  5      $  6
     <  3   ' 
     8$
 # =

      *  $ 8$
 …       Š   ]#   Š   ## % *8 "  3 8;

] %   
F ] ]

¤ v
Š u]
h
 ¢
%
v ] )…
% h
  

h 

# 

¥ ¤ ¤
        Š
`
h ]   Š   h 
¥  h  #&%  %
     3      h     .% n  $
rF 

h
   ¢  h  % 
 
¤ ` ¤ `
6
%43   7  
      F Š  u  ] # %  =
   *  hF `

v U v
Š Š Š …u  ]
h
¢
v]
%
v ] Š5
 ]    ] # !   ] # # % h
  
…
h
 
# 

¥ ¤
   
h
 
   ¥   % =   … h
` `

   7(   %   ¤  ¤ 3   7$84 8
 8 
 8 ¡F

` ` `

v U
   v]
% ‡

9 8      )… 6 … $  

Z 
 8      8 4 8  $
8 
 8  $=&  8(   

`

     # 8$
 $
8 
 8  .    s})(  = =


= 5=  =

C i C …jghi_> C AEG†„•–J
e  …
NM R JLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV M X›vMZ     
#  $# ›UVq` O{`b™dKYJ
 …
 # …  PVq`
O `b™dKJ
 
{ …
  # … MNR
q?JL£^ZG¤ £a˜b` MKY™dJdlV MN›9MZG™,P_Z]\NMNRN›QMZ T[Za` b˜ MN\JLZau;`;u u[M     $# Vq`9WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z
¥ ¥
¥ ¥
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   


ubJ R™^`bZ]\Jd` [MNPu(MNž RJ^\x` ˜bMK Vq`„HpM G Z J^\JGP_ž Z


 MNR™f` ž lJ^MZ u[M GZ Jdu;` 
R u[MN\JLK 
› w¡`bKn` \x`;u;` waTŽZG™šP

 ]  Š   Š  # ˜bMN\JLZ]P›=MJ R™,M0TŽZa` 4T[Za`—RP_Vq`RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z u[MVq`_R N
 
M \Th`[ \J^P_Z]MNRu[M IŽ T V MK ›\NP_Z …  ] # % 
Š … …   # % …

¨4iª©$8«g]† )$
3     78
  … %  %    …         
}     $#

    8$
  5 3 
$       3
8

= *  8 ¤  3   = ¤      3  ªF `

… % 
… % ¢ 

    
q£^¤  ¥ q£^¤ £ ¥
2
  # …         %  &    {   ¥

 …
      )¥  6 
        {  
    $=
 £^ ¤ £ $8 ` 
     "       `   $# 
  … 6  …   
 # =
 2  q
¤ £
`

‰    :%    "      #&%  3  8$  +  88
:% 3  *(   %43      6 8
h 

        "       $#   

  … %  %46              $# 

6 $ 3  
    
= %   8$    $
$      6 8$    =

  &       … % 3     3  8$

= %UŠ …  "  " $# 6  …  "  " $#   
 8  $
 ] ]

 !  8 4 8  $ 8 
 8  %   8$ $%6    # …  $       %Š …  "    #  
 8
 ]

 &  58  8         = q?£^¤ £ a`

 
   " $#;%     8$ 3    Š …  "  "  ##<3    

 8  $  !  8 4 8$  $
] ]

     F   3     3
8

=  8  … %  #&6    6 8$   …  #    
   5 

   3    8$     " $#  (   
 8$  … %  # =        6 8;    8  8$   :% 6  


  8      %   


3  5   "    $# 
3   
 Š   # ! Š   ## 6 ] ] ]

   # !   ## 8 

3     +  
&8          … % 8     8   #   

  3
8

= =
      3          $88$
       6 $8$   8$       $#        
     # = w   % 3   &       $#   
     6 $8$   
$8  % 8$ 
 … %  %         %   %    *3              Š   Š  # 3     8  7 $8  3
]

 & 6     )  .8       "  # &=  8     8     
 #9 &   3  8$

= =

  
 8    3 $4    3  8  3    3     6 
   "  6 8;   =    +
4  +(  
      % 3     &   8 

Š Š
h
 %       "    #
)…
]

3   
 
* 8    
Š … % Š …  "  ¥¥  $#;%!3  8  6  Š
] ]    Š $#$  8 %   "  
$  $#  &   8
  3  
8    3 
  3  $        
 …    
   =
¤
‰ 3   9  `

Š Š
h
       "  #        "  # "  !" $# % 
)…
]

¥
  

¥


 
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

 h
¢
/h Š
% 
)…   
)… 
  ¥
 
¥ ¥
    8$    …  $ ) 
      ¥ 6 ¥
  
   ¥  ¥ …   ¥  =
¤ 
 $   8$  8  8$         
`
$ '(  hF
¤ `

8Ž‚gfe †  • Mx`  # … JLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV M • Mx` … "    $# TŽZa`UWr`bOsJLVtJd` u[MœRP_VtT–\J^P_Z]MNRvu[MvVq`_R

MN\T¡`[\J^P_Z]MNRsu[M ITŽV MKpq™ £A`b¤ V £ MN` RsST–My …  "   " $# …d›    '  # MNRpJLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV M IZ
 …
%
 '
™šP_Z]\NMNRN›UMZ&T[Za`˜bMN\JLZau;`;uu[M …  '   # › w¡`bKx` 
 %b › I` ‡
¤
œwGMxST–M
Z]P›w¡`_R`TŽZ]P  RP_ V PT[Z
MV MOQMZG™šP‘u[M—Vq` Wr`bOsJLVtJd`    … MNR—JLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV Mcw¡`bKn`  %b 
,¤ 

  $
5$ 8       58 8            # ¡F
`
¨4iª©$8«g]†

Š u# %    #

 u# % 
 #  

‡  ‡    #     Š  #

q q q m q
6   
v
v$
 #&%  ¢ u  ¢ u u %
 
q£A¤ q  `n£^¤
7 q m £A¤ q?£^¤ £a` q,¤
8$

  # … $
 
        8$  $  _
F    88 Ž  = = # = cAd 

‰   
Š q %
£A¤q£    #  % %

`
      $#  %
   7#    {  # … =

2
5 +(  <8 4 8$  $ <    
   3  8  q     "  #;% 3  ?q
 £^
¤ £       8$    8 & $ 3 8; a`

    " $#&% 6   4      % ŽF

h h

Š  u   #&%    #

 u   # % 

Š   
  
   
Š       #   8 #;% 8$ 

Š    # %  6   Š  "  !"  #&%     # 

Š  u   # %     #        

2
     Š   -'!  #      '   ##       Š    '!  #      ' - ##
    8  $        %   
   +  #8 8   *   $  ƒŠ  6  % 8$ 
 8$
       # F
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   


Š    # % Š    #  k m    ‡ # v ‡
mpo
    # %     #  k m  Š   
   # v ‡
mpo
  $8  F
Š    #&%  ‡
 # v ‡  v ‡'
 #     #  kHm v k z  

Š   
 
1 mpo pm o
}

       8  8  

1 3        6 3    8 
 , m  mpo % 3   (  

Š
  

  $    
   8  3  F
  , m  mpo ‡ ‡  $‡  # #  % $       $‡  #  %3 

‡  3     5 =     $# *  3    8     8

hF

 u %   #  

' 3 8  78  8$

     u 3    58$
    58$   3       % $  



v
v$
 '   %   #    [  
0



, m  mpo   # u
  
1  0 
   
 
 
, m mpo
1 
    #        #   %
# 

  (   % 3  ‡  3     5 %  % b  %?Š  $  

      $8
     # # =     Š  $
       %   $ 8$
 F

Š   "     "  # % Š

    
 8 7 
 8
3  Š    
 $8  "  Š   -'   # =

= 5=  =

’ C kg  e  †   8 4         {  

     Ž % 8$  8$
    Ž    Ž .% 
Š   "  !" $#  
 8 7 
 8
  3  ‡  3     5 #9  3 $$#      $ 5  8 $ F
Š u# %    # Š   # %     $# 
 u# %     Š  #    # %  BŽ
      Ž
   Ž    8   
Ž )   

 $8$  #

 $  8   1 % Ž =   $
3 8   
= =

    , mpo …   

¤' 
`

  
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

798;:=<?>A@;>C B < e

-† ?Za`4Wr`bOsJLVtJd`       "  #
u[MœRP_VtTG\J^P_Z]MNR{` qV `_R‘MN\Th`[\J^P_Z]MNRvu[M ITŽV MK ›—\NP_Z 
  "   "  # % O ›   u
C … # …  JLZG˜bMKY™AJdlV M.MZ       # ›   …  JLZG˜bMK™dJdlV McMZ    '   # ›
¥ ¥

RM4VLVq`bO{`‘T[Z @gG‚„ƒ C @8Ž<akiXgG… @ C <  C @ C 8[<     $#
` 
¤
  $ 8  $ 3 $#      $ 5  8 
  rF 

Š u# %    # Š   #&%   !  # 
 u# %     Š  #    #&%Š u  "  " $#

     
 8 5 
 8
3  8      "  # % 6&3  
3 8  $ $#
= = 2

 $ 



   8

  ] "   "  # % ŠL
    
 8  
 8
  3  <$  $#     8
  3  
8$ # 3   Š    Š  #
 $8  
   -'!  #      '   ##     8$ % 3
] ]  8    Š  ! Š $# ]

8  %  %   
  6   *    &  3   3    3   =
] b

Ai
t
t0 T

 =
=

     3
8

= %   $  8$      8
    8    
8   +
    4   6 h

   85 8 4 8$
     8$ =$}
  $    &    3        2 
  
9 :<;

= %   3
8$

= 6       =

}

 &8  8    % 
   8$ '(  *            ' - #;% % 8
  %
 ' 
 Š  %        '- # = 2
 6     3   8 3    $¤ ( ' $88
:% 3   # 
`

q   "  " $# *8$     6        # 8$                # =   8


 $  $
8  $ '(  h   Š   Š  "  " $# 8
  8   8 
]
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4   


h   ]  Š   Š  "  !" $# % k        "    $#  u

   "   $## $ v
mo q
3   
 8  
 8
    8 4 8$  $     %      {  3  $ 
= # % 3    

3       $#96        "  #        "  # # F  #$       2 
  
] ] ]

= 6    8$   =   
&    8       3
8

= 3               # 
     8
 8 
 8 =
’ C kg 
$† ‰
e 3        8  3 8$     %:3   
    8  3  * 6    $ % $  8$ %
   
   
   3  
 8 %  & 7    *      bF

A
t
t t1 T
0

 =
= 

 8$ 
      $# $  & 78   …        #     
          '!  # !       '   #  "     '   ## % b  '

2      $
   8
 h   ]  Š   Š  # % h          # % 8$    =

$    8$
  (  8    
8  3     

h      

8    % ‡ h %  … h

             8
  3   ¤
8$ % 6          ! $# % h b  % $  $
  
 8
 3    8$ %  Š   Š  #   8  *   8
:% 8  F
] ]

h  ] h 
% 
] Š … 
Š …
¥ ¥ ¥
¥ ¥ ¥
    
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

  $8  F
]

Š …
% … 

    3    8&$ )   
    :8  3 ¥ =
¥
}

        "    $#  "  "  "  ##  %     8$ ] ] ]

 %   8$  +(   $   8  $        6        $#;% 3 
 (     %  … %  %  8 4  8     8              …  # …       4 8
# $
h  % h

8  3 8     =
¥ ¥
   
  

8 9$
 $ 3  {  7$ .8 % *    %43            "   $  
 7  3    8 8  {  *  :$ 3      $# =

=?>A@>A@ U& M Q

Y U G S M Q

8  3
8            3      8    

     8  3  % 
 6 8;
$=
}
$8$   $ )$  8      &8  3
5   $      &  58$  8   5   8$   =

8  $

    @gG‚„ƒ C  ~ €  $  
3 8  8$
   ~ K€ '~ €  ~ €  F    Š#;% 8$    4    ]

      8 =     8
   ¡F

Š u] # %   ]  # Š  Š   # % Š 

     6   
 
 8
 Š  ]  Š  #;% 8$  Š   Š  # % Š = Š  ]  Š  #  Ž 
8$ 
 $ 3 8; *
 
=

798;:=<?>A@;>C B < e 
 † HJLKNMOQPR STGMUMV-\x`bOwGP   ]  Š # MNRc8-gh@bk C w¡`bKn`  ]  Š  # RJVq`‘ubJ WoMK MZ]\Jd`bVqy
q
  ]  Š   ]  Š ## ‡   ]  Š   ]  Š ##

  ]  Š ## v ]    ]  Š   ] Š
 # #

v Š
MNRsM`[\™^` q  Rpu[MN\JLKN›.MJ R™,M—T[q Za` WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z h ™ `bV?STGMy q

h
 % ‡  
‡  8$  … %  ]           $#
   … q£^¤
h

% q    $8   h % %

q ,¤ q?£^¤
d 
3  7         Š # $   8  3 * 6 8;    8$
   8
 $ ) 
 8
  ] 2h

 8 4 8$
    8 $ =  

     7  $

 8$
  8 4 8
    
9 :R; c h 9 :

; 8$$ %     8 ) 8  3    Š#   4    :  

       8
 F ]

h

%
  ]  Š   Š        $#&% h

 ]  Š    Š $#

3   8
   8$
   q   Š ]    Š  # %  $              
     ;# %    8  3
 6 8;  v % h h
 v ]  h
 
v Š# = q
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4    
w   
   %  
  
     3    8   6     6  #;%   8$  8
  $8$    6
 8         8$ :   6 8;( %   &         8   {       4  rF
   3     
h
 
% h
   h
 
% h
 
  $8  ¤ ¤ ¤ ` ` ¤

‡     Š   Š       Š  ! Š  # ! "    Š   Š  ##&%

…
Š …
] ] ]
]
¥ … %
U 
¥
¥ Š5 Š … ¥
¥ ¥
3    $ 8$¥ 
  ¥ $ 8    bF
U  v …  … v ŠL

‡ 
  %
Š … v
‡ ¢ ‡ ¢
ŠL v
  ]  ]
¤ ¥ ` ¥
8  
%   % Š   3 5   4  8
  8 ¥  3 # = ¥
Š `
`
v … ‹   … v Š5
v]   % ‡ ¢
Š …
‡
Š5 v

  Œ ]
¤ ¥ ¥
d   
    8$     $ 8  3 *$
 6 8$ %   ¥  8$ ¥
v …
  v]
% ‡

  8$ $%   8 8   !8 
 8     
     + 6 ¤    


3     ) &      8 
 & 7$84 8
"    8$ 8  $  +$#  &8 4 8$  $ 8 
 8  # =
9 :<;

c  
      3        ) 
 8  $  )  $84 8   8 
 8         
8  3  3     &  58 4 8  $ Š u…  #&%  #    8  3  6 8; % $  $8$    bF ]

… %
U  w  3  8$   
¤
 % # 
Š5 Š …
    3  %     ¥ ¥$ 
 ¥¥      
‹ Š …
Š …] "    $#   … ] "  "  #  8    Œ …
      
¥
    8$ F ¥
… % ¢
… 
Š5  Š5
¥ ¥ ¥
  $8 %    # 7   8$  ¥ ¥ ¥

  
 
% h % % h 
      
   
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

  7(  hF  Š   
% Š         ¡F
 
Š    Š  $ 8$
 
    
  
‡ %   # 

}

    8  3 8$     $  6 8$ % 3  $ 2    
= % 6  *   8
   (  8
 $  $
8 * +
 "  4   =

9     5        .8
 8  3

5 6 8$

  $ 2 
8      8$  $ 8   7      d

   ¡ F

. 
# % k  ]  Š   ]  Š ## v
 8    6 q   3    
  &
5 6   
  8   =& $

 )   3        <8   
8     6 
   v  % v = h

y0 (t)

y(t)

T
a b
 =
= 

     
 :    s>A<f ko8 –iXgG…I>A<fe¡ghi_>dgh<fk8        = 9

w     8   %6Š   #;% Ž 3 53   {

%     $8  rF
.  # % k   v
‡ ]  v Š # % k  ‡  Š u] # # v ]

  
$  

% k  ]  Š  ] #    ]  Š  ] # ##   ]  Š  ] # #  Š u] # ‡   ]  Š  ] ### v ]

$  
3 5     8$
   q  =
         8   Š   ] #     3        6 8;     $ 8  3 %   8$ MŠ u
  ] # %
   Š   ## %     8$ F
] ]
 
;+  !   4  0
/!+*   ,$ .0/ 132 4     

. 
 #&% k  ]  Š   ] #  Š u  ] # # v ] 
$
w  6 )        #   6        q  $ % . 
 # % .  # !6 F


k   ]  Š  ] #  Š u] # # v ] ‡ k   ]  Š   ] #  Š u  ] ## v ]

$ $
q  q
% k   ]  Š  ] #  Š u] ## ‡  ]  Š  ] #    ]  Š  ] ##
$
‡   ]  qŠ  ] #    ]  Š  ] ## q Š u  ] # ‡   ]  Š  ] ## xv ]

  $ "
  q         %)6     
3  $     
 
 
6 
6 
 $
9

  8$   0   Š  Š u # v = ] ]
$
q
’ C kg e    #$ *8 3 
 
 3 $        
   = w     4  %  6
D † 
8  
    $ & $ 3       F    $  3   q $     $       "  %
    8 $  q 
       
  *   %6    8q
     F
q
 % ¢ 
 

q£A¤ £ `
 3 8    $   8; 
3 3     % 8$    53 3  ¡F9   + 8    $  3  
      =     s}
 = = 6
= # = q
d cAd
q  d

w  3         3      6 $ 

            % 8
   = % !] d

3  $ 58   q      6  8     F

 1 v  v  
k       u ! u # v$ % k  , 1             # v  
$ v  v 

w   3  q 
  
,$ q

           

  ## … -  §" -0/0/0/ -  


       %     8 3  q$£A¤ £

3 8     .      8 3 
 = a`

 "3  8   78 4 8
  '   8   & 8    ªF 9 :R;

 … vv …
 

h    %  % h   ¢  # ‡           

  #

  q
8  !h %  … %  % !
 ‡ =
    ,¤ & *            F
 


v …
¢  … % % ¢  …  …  "   )8   …
 %
v$
 
q£A¤ q
  

    
   !"  #    $!&%' !( #)
 !+*  ,- .0/132 4   

 
     u  u
 #&%  ¢

 … vv …  "$# v v$ 

q ‹ v  v   v 
%     !  
v  v  Πv$
q
 3   7
          # =
*8 8
"     q  8$      8    8
¡F
9 :R;

 % " 
h h %  …
584     $ 3     %6    3    +$# 8$  ,¤   .%   

  
 h  ]  Š   Š    
   " #
 % 4h %  … =

   ¤    Š   Š       " #&%    …  …–‡ %
] 

  …–‡ % 
 $  $ )   8

     # = q q?£^¤ q

   


     

   + 
 8 3 
  

  
#8$
 3 $4    $ 3    8  
8$         6    

 = w   
          $ 3 $# % 3  

      
7       $

2 
87 $   $:  
                  
  8$  
 6    $4  =   $8(
8      
   8$  ^F
  # % k  %   u# v %

  4   3    8   Ž        58    # q % %   # % = w     3    8  
8  

$

  # % $  8$    7 
 8
 7 8 4 8
    % 8  
       
         # $
2 3 
  =          
   8  %  8$ '( 
3 $4   
  # ‡   #   3  8$    =
cAd

‰     :%   
    #   3   

 $ 3 8  !   %   
    3
    
3         .8
7  
$8   =   3   3
      
             
  Ž %   8$     F '     8 
8  #   +( "8$     6   $
 %  6   $
 
 =
   3                $ 3 8  "  4    8   Ž #       F 
'     8 
8  #   +( 8    7 6   
% 
 6   $
   $
=    
  8    %
  $  4   %  ! 8    6    3  

3       %     3
  
Ž  
    
  3
  
Ž % 

         
        $
=   (   %      
6   

 6   
      Ž      # Ž =
‰     %   ŽZ 6    3    *8  
8 % 3  $ 9 8     %   :%3     
 $ 3 8     q 4 8$    # %   # %  6%
  # ‡    # % k
$
   %   u
 #    u# v %
q q('

k$    %    u #     u   u # v %
q73 q ' q('('

k $"!   %   $#   u $#
  u# ‡  %   u
 ## 
 %   %#    u %#  u #
q  q73
  ‡  %   u
 ##  u
q ' q '
 
 
  
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

   %    $#  u $#  u    # ‡  %   u
 ## u  v %
q('(' q7' '
  &
   3  *   8
         

   # %  %       u
    u#
q
         6   *      #    F

  # ‡    # %  u   #   uu  # #
 $8    
 # - #
  

2
     3    8  
8 % 
 
    7              
  6"#    3  8  6
    
 8   
 
  
&8 4  
8
6        % $ 84  $ 8$(     Ž  #
3        #     %       # =           $ 3     5 %   
   8 
8$  q   

 +(  6 3  
 6 "     
$       # ‡    # =
 
}

     .  
$              
  4   7     
    6 
  Ž   7     * $ 3 8  7      
 $ 3 8     8   8    4  6„Ž 


3 53   {
#     8$
$           
  =  ( ' 4 8
        { * 8 4    
  8$   =

 
  
. VH+

% (
  
&
 #
%0&
 ,8


w   8  : $     $ 3 8$   #   % 8             $
8($)  %3 

.  #   
      8$     =     8 3  #3     5 %         + 
    8   %
3  $    $:          $ 2 
8  6 $ 8     F

.     # ‡ .   # % k 
 .      #  v$

6    Š  .      # #&%  .      #  
Š
m
‰    :% 3  8   %  .    "# $     8$     % 8     = w  3   
  

     # %  .     "#               %  %  
 # 

 -.   #    '# =   $
 

    8$
    $    

    .      # %  .   #    .   #     #      # =    
 + 
 
 %   8$ $% 3               $
8($ %  $8$  
   -.   #     #
        %      8  "         #;%<6  #        #8(  #   

    #       =   7(  hF

 
 ;
+!{ # !   ! /  0/  $! 
798   >A<?>d@;>[C B < E5dE†

 .  #  ›0MZ
™dJ^MZ]MUu[MKYJL˜_`;u;`vRM^ bT[Zau;` u[M`b ™šMx`bT ª r›0MZVq`_RUubJLK MN\N\J^P_Z]MNR    '
 # ›RJ=Vq` WYT[Z]\JGP_ž Z u[M
u[PR—˜_`bKYJd`;lV MNR


   (‡ # %.    ‡    "
 #

MNR Ž  MZ       1.     #
 '
2z m
#
, -  # 

™AJ^MZ]Mpu[ MKYJL˜_`;u;`vRM^ bT[Zau;` [


 .  # u M]K=Mž \GM™.MZ r›=RJ

.     # % .   #   .   #  
 .   #     #        #

u[P_Zau[M  ( .   #    "
 #     "
 # MNR4TŽZœWYT[Z]\J^P_Za`bV$lJLVtJLZ]Mx`bVaRJLO Mž ™dKYJ^\NP›.\NP_ZG™dJLZGT–P›0MNRUu[MN\JLKry

    "
 # %      #

      "
 #&%      "
 #

      
  "
 #&%      "
 #    
  "
 #



    "
 #


X    


} 
 

   .  #                  $
8($ %     8$ rF

   %‡ #&%     # 
 '  .   #  ‡    "
 #    .   #  ‡  %‡        "
 #
   ‡       #

%     # 
 '     #
 ' ‡  
    #     .   #     # ‡ 
   .   #    "
 #  ]‡
z
   .m  #    "
 #  
  ‡    # 
  7(     1.
-
  #&%     # %
 '   - # 
 '
, mtz z%m
€8[‚„ƒ… C E5dE+†


w    # % 0  %   % #  u% ## v% = w   ŽZ %     8 % 3       
  8$
9         8$8
:$ % q 
q
     #     #&% k
$
       u   u # v %
6     $               8 q      EqŽ   '#    q = (‰ '( ' 
 

  %‡ # % 0   %       ‡  u    u  ‡ u # v %  Ž  % 8   
$
q
  
 ' (‡ # % k    %    ‡   u
  ‡  u#    %    ‡   u
  ‡  u # u # v %
m $
q7 %      ‡ "#q £
6

    # %
 ' k   %   u
 #     u  4 u#   u u# v %
mtz $
q  %      # 
q n £ "# 
q£,£
     
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

w   8$      $   63  
 $     %  $
  8 6 8    4 = ‰   
*$  $   
 8  3    # 0      u !# v % =          {   3 $# 
<  4 

  

 3 8$     8    $  Ž  $ 3 )3   {
$=
€8[‚„ƒ… C E5~† w  Š %      #  %   %  Š  Š u # $ ŽZ     8$   Š # % 0  %  Š  Š u# v %
 5    bF q
$
q
  Š   # 
‡  Š # % k
$
 
 
   
^u # v %
q q

k     !
      u   u      u   u# v %
$
q q     # q q
  [

    !  ) 7    {  # … %
 
%  % ;8='='= # … %
 
q
   8; %    %‡ #&% 0
q, ¤   Š  q   `
‡  q7, ¤ Š£ u    q u  ‡  u # v % %    $ F `

$ % 

q
  
 ' (‡ # % k 

 %  Š  ‡   Š u  ‡  u#     % Š  ‡   Š u  ‡  u#   u# v %
m $
q %    Š  ‡  #q 
6
%

tm z
   # %
 '     Š #    #

% k  ¢   … x   …  u   u… x   u…   u # v %
$ …
q,¤  ` q7,¤q£ ` q?£^¤  ` q £A¤ £a`

  !        u  _u 
% k  
    _u    u # v % 
$
}

   
q q q% q
  u %  u     % 6         %  *  
8        $  

 & 7         q   &=    q       { *  q 8   q Ž 3 53   {
=
 6 8$   8
*  2 
8  %   
          =

i 8Ž‚gE5dE †
 8 C X • Mx` TŽZpwaT[ZG™,Pv\K–Ÿ ž ™dJ^\NPpu[M .  # ›WYTŽZ]\J^P_Za`bVf\NP_ZQRM^ bT[Zau;`su[MKYJL˜_`;u;`su[M  KMž \GM™
MZ r›0MZG™,P_Z]\NMNRy

`  •–J ‘MNR4TŽZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPvV P\x`bV nMNRpu[MN\JLK .  # ‡ .   #  [›-w¡`bKn`  ‡  wGMxSTGM Z]P  › ™,MZ]MOQPRy



  .   #     #  sw¡`bKx`Q™šPu[P  

l  •–J  ( .   #     #       › w¡`bKn`Q™šPu[P  ›0MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR ‘MNR4T[ZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPsV P\x`bV


¨4iª©$8«g&†  K# w :       $88$
#:%   
  .   #     #  % 8$   .   #  %  %     8$
.      # ‡ .   # %    .   #     #
   #
 ;
+!{ # !   ! /  0/  $! 

       3  9   8$     3     5 =

  #   :% 8   3     5 %   
 
  .     #  .   # 

= 5=  =


    
      
8
  3 
  rF
}

3   %    .   #     #  b

    8$ 3  
3 $    3  8    6        #     .      # ‡ .   #   %
3       # = w   4  %      
   4  %    "   8$   3         

$8   8 3 $       3       $      98
 3 8$  *  2 
8      
    # %  
        +# 8$   5 
3 $8         # 

€8[‚„ƒ… C E5 † w    ' # % 0-0 2  %   '  '54  ' # v % v %:   : $       8   $
3   =     8$ :8$         q %‡ # %   '  )  ‡ * #;% 8  ) %* % *     : %   $ 


  %‡
 #&% kk 2
  %   '  ‡ *  '54  ‡ * 4  '  ‡ * # )    ) 4   ) ¥ # v% v
m q   q q 

mtz
   # %
 '     ' #  )  * #

kk
!q
% " ) *  "   ) * 4  ) 4 *#  "  ) *  ) *#
2
q q  
     ) 4 * 4     ) 4 *  ) * 4 #    ) *  v% v
  7(   %   3  q 
   '  q ŽZ)6 
 Ž 
#
q  

q
    ' #  ) '
) # % k k 2
!

" ‡
%
   # ‡  " #

)  

q ¥ q ¥ q
   ) 4    ) 4 ) ¥   ( )  ¥ v% v
      
$$  $#  5q        8$q  6 $$8(q  ) %  $   : = w  3  '   $
  "  %   '  ' 4  ' # ‡ 4  "  # ‡  " #    3     3      3      ' F    
8   q    8$ '(      q Ž #    q '  ŽZ # % <  $ 
5  3 q  $¥
  7    {
q
   
q  q   
   4   3
  %     8$ F q q
    ' #  )  ) #   kk  
2 ) 4  ) # v% v 

d  
 * #            $      3
   8    3 $8$    #    % $
 $8 $%    8  3 
    #  $9$  $# = % 3   
 $ *
8    3 8;    
)   % 0-0 2  )54   )U # v % v $   $9 3 8$     8$   )   Ž  : #;% 8$  ) %  
  :   

¥
    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

 )    8 ) % 8     %   : # = w  3    3 4    7    8$ % 

  %  ' $ Ž 
6 $
 8$
 7$84 8
" 
      %    
   
 =
¥
   8; %

 ' )  '      '# ‡  # %  ' #  )  ) #

 k k 2
   %   ' $# ) '54 %# ) 4 ' %# )
     # ‡   %   '  '54  ' # # )  v% v

q   q 
 kk 2
  " ‡ "# ) ) 4   " ‡ " # ) )   )  ‡ #  ):
#v%v
    % 8  $ q 3    q 7
5  q    % q   '   # )  ' 4  # ) 4  '  # ) # = w   Ž  6 :
 ) 8$(q  % 
$  &$     $
8  3     )   # 0(0 2  )U    )    # v %  v = q
‰    :% 8
 :  8  %:3  
3               8;
   % 6
% 8$
 ) % 
  : %43  $ 9 6     ) 8$
     : 6         8$
 8$    4  
     = #
  ¥ $
$ 8     )  %  # ‡ )    # % 0 $ 4 ) 4  ‡" # v ‡  ) 4  8     3  3   {  # =      hF

4 4 

 4 



)  k ) 4 v ‡ k v ‡ k ) 4  v ‡
¦ %
 # %
¦ ¦  ¦  
¦ ¦ ¦ $ ¦ $ $
          4   ¦    ¦¦ w 8(9¦¦ %{# = ¦ ¦
¦

y Ω

c x
a x b
 = =

kk 2 )
v% v % k  k Š
)  v% v  k  k Š
 % ‡

# k  ) 4  " ‡ # v ‡Kv % v
$  $  $
 
 ‡

#  k Š
k  ) 4 v‡v
% 
 ‡

#  kk 2 ) 4
 v% v

 $
  7(   %  6  +   8             3      ) #     bF
 ;
+!{ # !   ! /  0/  $! b

kk 2 )
 v% v   kk 2  ) 
 v% v 

    
 

   
=
    8$ $  $   $ 8(  3    )  # 02 0  )  v% v =      3  ) % (     ) 
 3     5 %    

  '  )'# ‡   ' #  '

d   
9 
9                3 3       %     8$ ' < C $    
  %
   3           
   " ‡ 4  "# ‡  " # =
  
3 $  8$  8  
q %    $ 8 q      q 

     $  *  8$   8    
         3      #   
         (  hF
 8 C iX8Ž‚g~E5~† • Mx` œT[ZQwaT[ZG™,P9\K–Ÿ ž ™dJ^\NPQu[M   # \NP_ZaubJ^\J^P_Za`;u[PwGP_K Z… 
 # % [› %  
 ›
™^`bV?ST–My



   #  ¢  … …   # % sw¡`bKx`Q™šPu[P  



`  IZG™,P_Z]\NMNRRJ ‘MNR4T[ZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQP{u[MVWYT[Z]\J^P_Za`bV



 #  ¢  … …  #


™^`bO{lJ¡Mž ZV P MNR‘u[M  # N 

\ P_ZaubJ^\J^P_Za`;u[PUwGP_KZ…  # %  IZ w¡`bKY™AJ^\T[Vq`bK ›RJ Z… 
  ™dJ^MZ]MZRM^ bT[Zau;`
u[MKYJL˜_`;u;` u[M]K=Mž \GM™.MZ p™^`bV?ST–M 


    ¢  … … #   #     #      


MZG™šP_Z]\NMNR  ™dJ^MZ]M4TŽZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPœV P\x`bV\NP_ZaubJ^\J^P_Za`;u[PQMZ 

l  
` Kn`Q™,Pu;` \ T[KY˜_`9ubJ WoMK MZ]\Jd`;lV M
b   # ›0\NP_Z   # % ›  
 …    ## % [›.MZG™,P_Z]\NMNRN›=RJ   # ™dJ^MZ]M
T[ZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPvV Px\ `bV\NP_ZaubJ^\J^P_Za`;u[Pby



    ¢  … Z… #   #  u #  u ##   


¨4iª©$8«g †  # 
  … …  # ‡     #    … …   # #    # ‡    #  Z… 
 #  # % … 
  #&% =
     % $<       :   = =   8  =
% ‡ 

  #@w  3       $88$
 u   #;%  7           *

      %     8$
    ## %
‡   #&%      ¢  … Z… #   #    # ‡    # ‡  #

      # ‡   #
   
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

6
  …    # #
 %  6
 $  "3   8  
8$       … … # =
   3     5 %   # ‡   # % u #      #

     ## 
‡   ##C
  %      ¢  … Z… #   #  u
  u
 #C
   #

  
    = 
= 5=  =
}
    % 8
    8    $ 2 
8"          %  3     #&      =
8  $ 3     j™šMNR™0u[MVq`{RM^ bTŽZau;` u[MKYJL˜_`;u;`   $      

&  8 
        $88$  $ 5  T

        3  u   # #   5 3    3    8$ …  # % '

 
 %0& (
#- #
%0&

    #8
&
.i
      
.  +
%  
&
,8
&!%
Z+ 

w  $   8    # % 0
$
 %   u # v % % 8$  

# % % 
# %  =  Ž3 = w  $ 
  
q q
    #     # % k
$
       u   u # v % 

w   
    8$  8
  8$  q7 3  3  qn£   q  £,£      
     


    #    #   %3      $     8  8  $  8$       
 8         
 
   =
   $
3     8  8
  8$    3     
 hF
 8 C iX8Ž‚g   dE{†
  $M^ [MZaubK M  •–J
g (MNRT[ZsO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPV P\x`bV ›w¡`bKx`(Vq`Z]P_KO{` Ž 
›?MZG™šP_Z]\NMNR  %    % #  u
  % # # 
{w¡`bKn` % MZ 
q£,£
¨4iª©$8«g w  3      
†  #    3   
 %     3  


 %  3   8$       :%
 
   # =     8$  ‡ q? £3£          % ‡   %     8          =

w       8
 8q?£3
 £ 

 8 ŽF

ε2

a x −α
0
x0− ε x0 x0+ε x 0+ α b

  = .=
 ;
¡  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # !{ # !   ! /   /œ #  Ž 
-

2  
 u % |% |   &=    8$
‰
     #     # % k 4
4

ˆ
‰       u   u # v %


|# q £,£


| "  q   |  ‡
qn£
  
$   "8 3  % 3         =    (      
      |
   8$     3     5 = q      3  qn£ 0 $     u !# v %  | "  | #   7 84   |
  &  =     %  6     # 6   u   |  |% (  
   &  = }

    Ž




3 53   $=    3  

3 6 #  3  5  _Ž % (      ‡ 5    | # =&  $ 8  hF
     #  5  5 #&%      #     #       #  5 ‡   5   # 

2
 
 ‡ 5

  |#%

  5

  
 ‡ 5

   
    |% 3  |!3     5 % 4 
        #  5 ‡
  5   # $ ) 8  3 
| %6 $    
   
  3  5 = 
= 5=  =
€8i_@;>d@;> C dE„† w &8      $   8  
  # % k
$
  %   u  uu# v %
8  6 u  
  
6  = q

K# w   Ž  % 8 8       #    '# = 

 #cw 
q $ Ž 6   $  
  $ 3 58  & 
 %b  6  $  
 3    8  
8$ ;# %
3 $4 
 b F q q(' ' ' '
     #     # % k
$
       u  Ž  uu # v %
8 
% ‡  # u   # uu
q   ' # u ‡ 7q 3 ' '  % q73 ‡
q7' (' Ž % q7' ' ' q  ' '


8 #   $4    Ž  % #     8$  8
 $87 q  ' '( ' ' 3          
 =  w  Ž   %

 %  #
#    % #&%  % ‡ %  #B ‡ (| !#,  % ‡ %  | % *  % ‡ %  | #  #    
€8i_@;>d@;> C      3  = %3 $4    : 7    {   
 †       3 3      
  %   #     8$ '  3         
 =  8$    8 
 9      $  &(   
 78$  8    %   #  #    {    
      = 2    8$         8    =  

8    ) 8   3       8      %   #;% 8$ 

        8$          8$8

 $ 
8; )3 3   .8       3 3      
= #
    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

‰    %  8      "   8  8$
   8$   % 6     8$   8

.8 ^F     j l 
 q 
£,£ 
              $  8    4 8$
      #)
   3    &
     
  % 3   $ 3 *   8    &     
8  F

  = .=

w  3  
    3   8  
8  %   
 %    % #  u  % # # = w  
    8$
     Ž   3 3
8
cAd = = # = w   Ž #   q £,£ 8$ 3  
5 8     F
q
    # ‡   #&% 
k  
$
‡
v%

v 
# #     u  # v %
     #    
 
q 
 q7x£ q£,£
k  
    u  # v %
     #    
$   
       
   3 !3   !  
    !# u %   %   

6  #;%  $       3     8 93 
  8$   Ž 3  3   {  #96 6   7q  x£ 8     % % 8       =    $     3  d

=    
 0 $   u v % =
%   %  7
   
! #  # 


w 

.  # % k       u # v %
$ 
    8   84  
8$= w  .   #  3   %b  % 3 $4  
     $8(
.  #   0 $      u !# v % %3  *$8   (  &=    &8  
     # 
‡   #       ‡   
 
 #          


 
 
  3      5 hF   $
   
 =
‰     .   # %  %    
3  (   
  4  78$  8   #  
  8$# 
 
  .   # =   $     
3      +     
3   
8  
8$
  .   # =    8$
 ;
¡  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # !{ # !   ! /   /œ #  Ž 


   3   

8$    4  % 3    
        8    .   #      8$
`;u)JLZ ZGJL™AT[O 5 

  8 4   
8 % 8 6 $84 8$
     )    = #

3   
58  
8   .   # $   $: 3 8 Ž      
Ž       % $    
3    ! 
 8  $
* *8 4 8$
        .8  ¡ F
v  
  u# ‡  %     #&%   #&%  
v % 
w  $ Ž  % 8$
  %  $ Ž  6  8$
 ªF
 
 uu  u u ‡  %    

# %  
 #&% '
 

   8 8
                F   #   

  
      3    # =


   *  8$
 =
}

w  
 
  3 $      5  8 $ F

  u# u ‡  %     # % '  u # % 

    
 8  
 8
 = w  '  % #    
 8
"3   % %     8 %:3        6 

 8
 3   8 4     * 8'  % # =
  8  :%  7

 
7 8 >A<?>d@;>[C B < dE †
9 5 T Z„waTŽZG™šP9\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[P u[M
MNR [ RJpMJ R™,M9TŽZa` RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z ŽZ ›œZ]P ™dKYJL˜Jd`bV`bV
   
waK PblV MO{`   u # u ‡  % [›  #&%  5 #&%  5 % b 

)    .        $8    = #      8$       8$    3      u   # %  % 6 3 
} b b  $

 3     u  #  % %46  7    
  # 
 8
 8   u  # %  %     8   % #  u  b
#   
        =&   +    % 8  
 {      8$    8$
  3   
58         % 
 3    7$84 8
    8$   $      $%   $8     % # %  3  %   b   

y

x
~
a a b

  = .= 
 
  
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !


     8        8   Ž  3  3   {
%  &8  8$
 )8      # 
 
} 

          = = #   u   %  %   8$   u  8$     ¡F 

3    8  
8
 ! 8 8

cAd

   8    EŽ 6% 8

   %  _Ž3 =    
    8 rF

 
 8 C iX8Ž‚g  † • Mx`
  MZ  j›  \NP_ZG™AJLZGTGPRN›cMZG™šP_Z]\N  MNRy .   # vw¡`bKn`   n\NP_Z b



#&%   # %   RJ v   
 RP_V PsRJ Z]P{™dJ^MZ]McwaT[ZG™,PRs\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[PRœMZ  

¨4iª©$8«g † w  3   
 

 &   3    !8$
   
%     8$  
 8$
 & &8 8


  u# u ‡  % '   #&% '  u #&%

 5      % # *      = 

  8          7  8$
 $8    3 $8$# 7
 
5  8 $ %  7 
 8$
 '  %  #    ' u # u ‡
' %   % '  # %Œ|% ' u  # % % 8$ /  |  %  
  $   8;(    3
  #    %  3  |
3     5 ¡F %  ' u # u ' =


.  #&% k      u # v % % k   ' u# u 
'   u # v %
$  $  
% k  ' u  ‡   u
'    ' u
'  #   u # v %
$  
      3 53  $ 6      

#&%  
 #&%  # =
.  #&% k    u ‡  ' u
' #  v % 
$ 
      .  %   
   u %  ' u ' =    8
    # %  %    

 u   # % 
# 

6 3     8$     3 $      $    8 $ 3  $  $84 8$
       8$    3  
  :%   % #  =
c  
      %    3   )8
       %  ' 
 8$
&   ' u # u ‡ ' %  '   # % '   #&% =
    8$


. ' # % k    % ' u# u'  ' u # v % k   ‡ ' u  ' % u # v % 

$   $  
   
  3  3   $=   8$     8$$  8(   .  ' #  =         $ 3   
8 
     =

‰   %  5         3   "8$ 
      % 8      $        8   3  

$   { 
3   %4  3 F
    # % k    u       ‡  # u # v % %
$ 
%  .  #   ‡  # k   u v %
$
3       
' %      #  %   
     =   8(     #  &  6
.   #  = #
;
¡  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # !{ # !   ! /   /œ #  Ž 

*8 8
"    53     8$       #  rF
   u   ‡  # u# u %   

w    %   #  7 
 8
  & +( 8 8
 8   
  8 

   #&%    u  #&% 

    %  %   %   # % % ‡

%6   &  $  8    7$84 8
  —F  u u % =    % %   $ 
     =5  # % 

2      $

 8 
     3   
 %  #  $     %  # % ŽF5  $8  %  8 
    

3  * 3 $     # =
  8  3     %  #  +8$ 
  hF 94  %  # %  u  %  # %  b       


  %  #%  u  %  # %  =      8$     " 
 8$
  3 $         8 $ %
  % %   

  %  #  % "8 4   $ 3
  6    u    # % # =       %
3       5  #   
  8    % % %   #;% 8$    %   #  # %  = 6    9  8$       $
3
     3  * +( 8    =
x

b
C A
~
a

E B
a t
0 1
  = .= 

Ug C
† 8      3  $8!  $           ŽF    3      3     
 &   8 
  3  
8'( ¡F 8
 94  %  # %  %  *8      &8    4  =
b

Ug C
 + ) 3    6      &   % % %   # =

† 

Ug C
†     8   98$ 
      3      # =    78

     #  % $    
    
3  "$ 8    %   
  6  3  
    $ #8  =  $8(  
.   #   % (  3 .8 3  

     "8   6  "$ 3               
  %   
   5 %  =
    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

Ug C 7 †    %  %  3           &8 
       3       # %   $8  3  

$84 8$
  u u %  =    *    8 $   % #&% % ‡ 6 7  3    8 3        % # %  3 
%   +     

Ug  † w    #  3         =     8   
 

C %    #  % 84  
  #
    =      %   #   # %  %     # =    $  $#         %  6  + % 5
     6 %   #     94  % 5  #%  % 3  8   =   "   8 4       %
  

94   # % =    #     8   %  #  % 3     8$  " $ 3 $  
   $ 5  8  % $ 8$     8$  u   #&% =

2
$
$     


8   %  8  8$  
     
5  

   3       3   
8 
        .   #  = 
= 5=  =
2  

5         $ 5  
F
 8 C iX8Ž‚g 
 ~† • Mx` MZ Ž #
`  •–J MNR‘TŽZ&O Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPq V P\x`bV ›4M Z Ž 
P M Z Ž 
wGP_KwGMxu;`
_PRN›w¡`bKx`   # \NP_Z


 
›  # u;`;u[PRN›
#
MZG™šP_Z]\NMNRy  %    % #  u  %
  
# #   › Š4
  # ‡ %  › RJ   MZ

 Z]P ¡` waTŽZG™šPR 
 
\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[PRUu[M q£,M£ Z
Š 
 
q£ q7
# u ‡ u „RJpZ]P 

l  •–J  MNRRP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z [ u M  %  \NP_Z  %    % #    % ##  ¡` waTŽZG™šPR
  
\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[PRUu[M MZ  j›0MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR ‘MNR4T[Z O Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPvV P\x`bV w¡`bKn`QVq`‘Z]P_KYO{` u[M
q?£ q7 q?£3£ 8
   #

¨4iª©$8«g † #   $    = %   

  .   #   %.63  $  $  $#  = %
  =
 3  .     8$
  (   4      3   $    = =


q£,£
  # 
   
   3 
$     4 6 3    8$ 
  
      %     8$   
 8
 
8 4 8$
 F

  u# u %     # % '  u #&%

 3
         =   $
9 8$     ( 3      5 63
'      
 8
  3 $ ¡F
 
  ‡  #  u # u % 
‡  #       # % '  u  #&%

 ( 
 3
         6 (    ‡   
 
  =     $ * 98; 73 $4 

 +(   3     8$ 8$    4      8$  $   $84 8$          8$    3 8; 

8.  8   $= ‰   
 3    3 $4 &   $8$(     8       8 4 8$
    
 
3   ‡  $% 8  3    
  
     u u ‡  # = 
  )
       8
   8  +(  
 8; 5    3 $4      ‡       = #
  $:$  $# = %   
 
.
  #&% k  ‡  # u  
‡  #  # v %  '
$ 
 ;
¡  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # !{ # !   ! /   /œ #  Ž 

  7(   .  #   0
$
    u !# v % =
2
 6      $  $       7 6 3  

     # 
‡   # % .  #C

   
  
 
 # 0
$
    u !# v % %     8$ )  $ )$  $ '(  = 
= 5=  =
€8[‚„ƒ… C dE„†       88$ c cCc = % . 
   $   8$  


  # % k 

  u # 

v %
  # %  %  # % %    8$
 
 8 3   8  
8$    8$
  % # % % =
‰   
%  u ‡ #   u #  # 

  q7 % ' # ' =% % % % %



 

2
 % q(%'('  %  8 4 8
    8$  :     8 ¡F  u u %  %   8$ $% 8$  
 

   # % q7 3%  u  q#  % ' F  % # % % { = }
4 6 3    8$ 
  

   6  % # % %     
 
.8  3     # 7  =
}

      3     6 3  
8'(      %     8 %  6   $84 8$
    8  
    84  1  q u # u % ' 8  6  
 8
 8$    8  8$     8    # %    u  # %  $
$  1 v" 63  (     % #  3  %

:   8$  8
   
  =
 % # % 0
,
 % 8     3    8   
8  $   8$   %


 $8 $%: $ 4 6 , 3   
&8
   
   6
% 3 
    
 7 8       # 5  =         6 % '     

.  #   k   u v %  Ž     
$
     #
     4   "  
  8  
3    % # 8     # % '   (   % $   ( 
 3    
 
   $8$(     "3   53   3   
)8 
  
=
€8[‚„ƒ… C   †       
!   
3  7  3  $   3    $
  8$     8$8 =
= #  cAd

   8$    &   ¡F
 
 
  # % k   ‡    u #


# v %
 # % %  =   $  $  $# = %   
6     #* 
  
6   $
$

3 $$# 8  8$   )       % 8 6  8$
     8  !8 
 8 %   ‡       ‡  # =
 # % 

   8; )3    3 $4 $% 3   
 7 8 8
    )6 $         % #     
 
      3   hF u # # =&  $  8   % ‡    u  #  #    %   $8   8$  8

       3      
   &8 3 = q7' '
2
 % %  %  78 8
    8$        8 ¡F
q  q ('
    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

a b
  = .= 


  u# u % '   #&% '  u #&% 

  7(     % #&% 0
4


#C
 # v  
$  
2
   #  #  %  $ 58  $8   6  6#3    )8$ 
  
rF  
 8$
   8     $


  
6 * 
 8         =   
 
    &  &8(   
6 *  

d
 
  # 7  =
€8i_@;>d@;> C ~† w    # % 0   %  #   u  # 
 v % 8    # %   #&%  %   %  #  =
#   4   & *8  8$
       $ 3  &8 3 =
$

 #Mw    %  # %   8$      
 8 3   8  
8 % 3 $4     #4 6 3   

8$ 
  
6
8  8   =
8 #w    %  # %    #  
 %:3 $4    $  
 8
 * 8 8
      =  $4 
  3  *$  
 8
 4 6 3    )8$
   
 6 
    = 2  8$   =
€8i_@;>d@;>  † w    # % 0  $ u # v
C
8$    # %  %   # %  = %
#   $8     $ 
 8$ 3   8  
8=
 #   $      63   
)8 
  
   = 2  8$   =
€8[‚„ƒ… C 

 ~† 98 C œ8 B >A@g 8[< ©?<?g ©$ƒ8[i:@;>d8 
2
 6  .
   9  3  = = %      
8  7  cAd       3    8 %   3    (   
 # 3   $
  8 %   
5 
    $    8  AF

. '  ) k Im n   ' u   ' u ) u   ) u  # 
 v$

# % k Im n 
u   # " v$ %

mpo q
mpo
8   % 
   % % 
 
 #;%  % 
:   3  (        %    4       
 


 6
   8
q    $ 6  7  3 
  8         # = q
  3 $#  8$  
  8  $ %:3   8
#  .   ‘}
 d =
= %  $  
u    # % =
    #   
8  $ 3     3   + 8      (          $88
 ' #5'  # 
3 8 = w  3  
3 $   78    8    (    
8  3    3  ;   {  3  ' =
  $  8  hF

. '
) # % k 
    ) u   ) u #


 v '
n q
 ;
¡  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # !{ # !   ! /   /œ #  Ž 

    %    ) u #
u  
%   %    ‡ !#
u  #  =    


$ q  ' 8
 q  $ 3  8   q  *' ' $   % 8 q   %  7 # % %  %  % 6  3   
 & *8     *8        
8  3   3   3

 # % 'q   # 6    3  ;   { 

3  &   '   =
k
       u  # 
 v &  .  # # % # $#
  :   88$ cAd =  =   3   
  
    +n  3 $ %    
      7  *   8$  3  7 
 $  3  #!3   
:8$    8
 3    & 
 8
  *8 8
      $ F
# %  8$    8   & ‡  ##   #  8   '
‰
6  % &  ‡ ‰  8$
    8 # #9 &       #  &  #&% #  =    ;     3  #  &
 # % #%
3       8$ AF
# u     #      #  %    
#



 

‰     
    7 #  7 # %# u   #  % 8 
% %   #

 8
#    # %# u       # 8  #    # $# u 
q ' '
%   #


‡   #  # 
q 
  # 8
# # u    # %# u   #  % ‡   # 

  8  8     
8 # # u     #   # =

 
# q u '  7 # %# u    u   # 8 #  7 # # u 
#
  F    !#


!# %   !# 


 $   
# u u %


2 8 
   # 8 # # u     # $# u  #  #   u % ‡ 

  7(   %  ‡    # u %  8$
#    # ‡ # u  #     # %# u  #  #  
   
8    8$8 :$8$  
    8   +
)8 
8
$= #
q q '
*8 8
    8$     u # u %      8$ ¡F

 u u‡   8 # # u #  u[‡  8 # ‡ # u     # # % 

%    #      # # u u       # # 
4

2
    # %  6   &  #&%  %  7  8$
 * +( 8  8
 $ F
b

   & ‡ & #     #    & # % 

  3  93    8        & # %  #  3  & % &    %    &8  hF

3   $ )$ 3 $   3     8   $   7$   =
#  & #&% 9‡ # = 
 &

€8i_@;>d@;> C  D)†
$

#  $    3  %.3   * +(   { 3  $   { !3  &  # #  $  

8$ # = 7

€8[‚„ƒ… C 
†—¨Ui C «…d8[‚„g $8! i C f

< k8iXg …A>j«iX8 
w   "3   8   8$  

 ^F  8  
   
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

  # % k  %   u# v %


$
#  q
8   %    = $ Ž # =
5 6  #

  7(   )$

 8
q   3  $ ¡F
 # u ‡ %  

 # %  5  

 

#  u ##&% 
    =
= # = q £ q 
 cAd q£
w   %
  _  Ž       )8 #   # %  6    %  
 
 
2
     $ 3  = %   #   &               
8(;oF
     #    "
 # % k
$
  4  4 u   u   u u# v % 

 3   8  
8$q7hF3
  7(   %  ) $  " q (' q7'  q('('

     # ‡    #&% k
$
       u   u # v %
   
 
 #    
w    
  
3 53   ): 
   q     u % q7 x£  
q?F £,£
v  qn£
    #    # %
 k 
$
  ‡
v%
##     u # v % ‡
  
    #   u  ##   # 


2       8  8$
"       q n£  %    % q?# £, £ u  % # #  #7q  x£    
  %6   3  $

q 7 3
#    # %  3    " 8 
    q £,£ =
w  $ 8   

     #     # %.   # % k    u     u  Ž  # v %

    8$
 *8 8
     53  .  ;%  78 8
    8$   3 

#
$
  # % 
  u    # u ‡    u  Ž  # %  %   u# u    u ‡ Ž # 
  3     _Ž # 6  %     8$
 $ Ž  6  $       8   # =
  8$  F q q?£,£

  u# u ‡  %  

2  % % % ‡  # u =

    q? £3£ 3   q     6 q  n£  Ž      Ž      4 +
8      &   = ‰   
   8  8$
 $       8   F  $8   8
      3  & &8 8
    8$    u     $ % =


  
    #  u
  ## u #  

  

#  u
 

# #  

#&% '
q?£3£ qn£
 ;
¡  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # !{ # !   ! /   /œ #  Ž 


w  3  
       %  8 4 8
            u # u %  %    # % |%
  3        8$   8  8$
       3    3 $   

 u  # % ‡ |




8   #;%       
 8  

 8
 = }

  %:   #      :% 
 8$
 8 ‚| $
|('  % # % 8 '  # % %5' u  # % ‡  %  ' u# u % ' = 


798 
 >A<?>d@;>[C B < 

† 5 MZ


 MNR @ C <Ž€© –g5 C  u[M

RJ ' 

5 #&% 


  
}

5    3      |      {    8
   % # %  |('  % # # =
y

x
a ~
a b

  = .=

 8 C iX8Ž‚g 
†  `bKn` MV¡waK PblV MO{`Qu[M WYK P_ZG™,MKn`‘VtJdlK MsMZ Ž 

P Ž 

PRy
wGP_K.wGMxu;` _

`       #     # [› w¡`bKn`  MZ  

RJ sRP_ž V PœRJZ]P ¡` waTŽZG™šPRs\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PR—u[M  
MZ




l  •–J vMNRT[ZO
 Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPsV P\x`bV ›IMZG™,P_Z]\NMNRy  # u ‡ %  ›
 % [›  
 #&%  5 ›   
RJ  MZ

 .Z]P ¡` waTŽZG™šPRs\NP_ZomYT ;`;q7u[ P' R4u[M q M Z    q  '  $
  
q '  '

\  •–J  MNR RP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z u[M 
 
# u ‡ % [› %

   # % 5 ›  Z]P ¡`

   waTŽZG™šPR
N\ P_ZomYTb ;`;u[PRUu[M

MZ  j›0MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR
q '
$
'  ' Vq`‘Z]P_KYO{` Ž
q ‘MNR4T[Z q O ' Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPvV P\x`bVMZ ›cq7\NP_ Z



 O# w   *4 63   
8                %        8$
  8$
 
'    ' u# u
% '  # % 5% ' u  # % ‡    ) $ 3  3
'  7    =
¨4iª©$8«g †  ‡
' %  9 

     #     #&% k
$
 

 u   # v % ‡ 

#   

#

qn£
% k    u   ' u # u 
' # v % ‡  
$   $
qn£
% k   u ‡ ' u
' #  v % ‡  ' u 
'    #
$   $
qn£
    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

% k  u‡
  ' u
' #  v % 

 $ 
 3  $      
' 6 ' u   # =
   
     #     #    
    u % ' u
' = 2
  
# %  %     8$  u   # %  %
6  
 8 
 8
   =
c 
      %   $ 8 
      %     8 ' 3     8$  % 8$ 
     #  '  ' # % k
$
 

' u  ' ' # v % ‡ '  

#

q7x £
% k   ' u ‡ ' u # v % ‡  ' u  ' #'
$    $
     
 $84 8
 ' ' u # u 6       

3 !3  q7x $£ =

   7  8    8  $ 9  8
$ 3  '<%   $
  
%  

  #  ' 
 ' # %  % *84  8     8& * 3 
$  =
w  8$      
  ¡F

.   # % k
$
   Ž       u   u #   ‡  #  u # v %  $    

}
   %         .= % & "  3     {  .    #      5       # 

2
 .    #   %     8$ .    #  3    % 6   3   %  %  .     # % b      8$
 u  %   % #&%   # % =  w  .    #       8$ .     #  3    6  = # b

*8 8
    8$    .8  .    #  F



 u# u %     
 #&%      

# 

 u #&% '

  $84 8$
 8  8$  8   5  8$  F

 

#&%   u #&% ‡  



    
 8 7 
 8
  %  # =
   %  %   % -  # $       u # u %  %   8$   u % $8  + (   % 3   "8   u   # %  %
   
 u  %  %   #&% = }) 6 3   
8 
   
  3   % =
‰    :%    %  #%   $  8  %  8 
      3  .    ## %:3     8$    
 " 
 8
:% 94  %  # %  6 3  $ 
 6 3    $9 8$ 
     3   
*8$ 
   
78$
  
b

8
     &8        %   # =     8$  5    3   8 
     %43   % %

  
  5      3
     F
 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/! 

b
C A
~
a

E B
a t
0 t0 t1 1

  = .=

 
  98;     {   8  8   6           $ 3
   3  Ž F .    # % 
6     8 
     3  #$    8$   % 3  ‘  F    # %  % 3  8      :% 3  
   #&% # =

d 
 
    .    #   %     8
 
 8 3
      5 %  =   3  4   # =
 8 # w   4 6 3   
$8 
  
   3  .   # (  3 $8 
 6 3  .  # ‡
| 0     u !# v % 3  | 3     5 =    $
   $ <  
     )    8$
8$
   =
$

= 5=  =

   %0& (
#- #
%0&

    #8
&
.i
       V#8   
&
 #
%0&

 
&
,8

&!%
V+  

2      $
)   *   8  AF
      #&% k  %      u ! u v
 # %


$
q
8  …   # % …% … #&% …=  Ž # =
q
! . 
5     3  =   bF
  Š   # 
‡  Š # % k
$
 
 
   
 u# v %
q q

k $  

!
      u   u      u   u# v %
q q q q

  
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

  

 
#  k    ^u  _u # v % 
$

‰ 3 8   *$:$  $# =

 
  &  Š     
  7    $8 
  #       Š # 

6   &     Š #   #         #3   78  
8 #

 Š %     8$ Š     
   8  % 8$ 
 $ 3 8; *       =
       
    
 78$  8
  8$    ŽF
 8 C iX8Ž‚g dE„†{ 8 –8Ž<$i_8    
 › Vq`{O{`b™dKJ
RJLO Mž ™AKYJ^\x`
IZT[ZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPpV P\x`bV Š r=   %  Š  % #  Š u% # # Z]Ps™dJ^MZ]M ˜_`bV P_K MNRwaKNPNwaJ^PR Z]M
 ;`b™dJL˜bPR q

¨4iª©$8«g+†{=€8iª@;>d@;> C  w             3 3      
  %  %       {   8$  8
  %  6 
      8   q     .8  {  8$  8   %  6       8$8
    
$8$q  3 3 
8  $ 3    =
w  3  
  %
 $   4   3
  6 $      
   8  ^F

q
.   # % k    Ž     u   u      u  u # v %
$ 
   Ž %
!
% %
  =
  3    3q  $4      q  .   #


 % 3 %  E b  %  8$ '( 
       %  $  
 8$  
 
3  .   #     Ž   Ž   Ž 
3 53   {
$=

3    )8  
8$
  .   # %    
 .   # % 
3  7      $ 3 8 %   8$  F
k     Ž    u  u# v %     u   u   
$ 
   "  
Ž
 % Ž  % %  # = 2
        O% Š  Ž      88 cAd = = # =
  


w  3  
    Ž # %43  $
5    $8  )   
 53 53   F
q
k    Ž   _u‡ v v    # ‡
v
v  _u ## v % % 
$ % % 
3  7      $ 3 8=
*8 8
    8$   $
    8$ rF
 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/!

 _u # u[‡  ‡  u‡  Ž

 #_ ‡  u#  % 

8   

# %  # %  =
 $  8      Ž  3 
3   {
%  
8$   8     8$       " 
    +     3 8    
  Ž 6 % 8
    4    3
'  %   ŽZ = #



798 >A<?>d@;>[C B < dE †(H—JLK MOQPRST–M 5 MNRƒ©?<fk C @ C <[€o© ag  C u[M



RJ-Vq`‘MN\Th`[\JGP_ž Z9˜_`bKYJd`[\J^P_Za`bVh™dJ^MZ]M 
Z PsJdu[MZG™AJ^\x`bOQMZG™šM  
T[Za`{RP_VtT–\JGP_ž Z ]  % # \N_
P Z  #&% [›  5 #&% [› MNR Ž3    

w     .%  
 8  $ 8  4…   # %  %  … u   # %  '!   #      
#
   

  8$
 # =  2  $   8  8$   %   )  8$  $   

 
8   &     &   3   T

   $ )8$  8    %   84         &$84 8$         8 $ = #
w     #      { 8 6  8
    #         =    #    

%     

       $  + =     8$   
 8
 " $8 4 8
    8   8    #%  %
 u   # %  % *$ 8    b F  % #%   % #!%:6    u   # % .6 3     8    3 $$#  
    5  8$  $=

        5    

        
     ;    5 #&%  =
 8 C iX8Ž‚g     † `  •–J MNRœu[M
ZGJdu;`pwGPR JL™dJL˜_`    MNR Ž # ›MZG™šP_Z]\NMNRy .   # Qw¡`bKn`  b [›
RJ sRP_ž V PœRJZ]P ¡` waTŽZG™šP Rs\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PR—u[M MZ  
q
   
l  •–J Š
MNRT[Z O Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPUV P\x`bV ›MZG™,P_Z]\NMNRy Z]Pp™AJ^MZ]M˜_`bV P_K MNR waKNPNwaJ^PR Z]M^ ;`b™dJL˜bPR—MZ  d› # u ‡
  
[› UZ]P ¡` waT[ZG™šPR\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PR u[M  M Z 

%    K PblN`bK MOQPR `bV  [P—O'`_ž R$WYTGMKY™,M\NP_ZQKNMNq?Rš£^wG¤ MN\™šP
  
 
q` ,MN¤ R™šMcwaTŽZG™šPby(RJ .  #  MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR—Z]P ¡` —aw T[ZG™,PRs\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[PR4u[M MZ  





MNRUu[M ZGJdu;`—wGPRJL™dJL˜_`_› Š MNRRP_VtTG\JGP_ž Z u[M4Vq`_RœMN\Th`[\J^P_Z]MNRpu[M .T[V MK ‘Z]P ¡    

\  •–J  ` waTŽZG™šPRv\NP_Z
   
mYTb ;`;u[PRUu[M MZ  j›MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR Š MNR—T[ZO Ÿ ž ZGJLOQPvV P\x`bV$u[M  Š# MZ qV `QZ]P_KYO{` 
 

    9})(  =   
   $   8
:%          
 *8  3
rF  *$   
 8;  3 
   8  (     
   
  3  $8   3         

       
      6   3 $       8
   *      3 8$     (   
  3 8     8$   Ž 3 
3   {
6     
 $    7$84 8         8$  #
  3   &      
  8$
  
5       $ '(   ) 
     $ # =
  %   8 & $   % # %
 
¨4iª©$8«g †  #Zw  3       "4 6 3   
8        
 
b

3  %    =
w         { 
 8
  3 $ ¡F
‡   u   # u   u Ž  % 

    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

 

# % |(.   u # %.  | 




  8        8    $ 3 8; 
 
*  8$  %  | $ 3     5 %  ;   % #  
$8   
 ;   % #96
% 8$  8   %   58       % #            3     $ =
‰   3  3 $4    .   #    $
$ 8         
  8$
   84    8$

       
 # =   $    
5     &    hF
w 
  #    {  ;
  8 %     8$ F

k      # u v % %  % k    u     u # v %
$ $
6     

# %    #&%  6 %  =
‰   
8
 %  $   4   3
'  % %           
  % 8  3 
  ] ] ]

7  

8;    
3  3 

  % 6  
      =   

  4       8$     = ] ]

2        #  !# %  %  $ )  $
  8 3     = 

   
    8$r F
.   # % k  


  u#  

 u  


  u#  


    u 
$    
     1 Ž  # v %  


  u # 


 
   
   
 .   # 6      
98(      u %  u       +(

  63  
   
  63  7(     4  *    3 $ ( =



.   # % k 


 ^u  


    # # 


 _u  


    # #
$    
‡  


    # #  


    # #    lu     Ž  Wv % 
 

   
  84    AF
 
  u  Ž  ‡    # 

   # # % 

3  7   =&  8  F
u  Ž %   # 

   #

 6     % #  
 F

u 
‡ 

‡ 


‡  

#   Ž ‡ 

 % '
   
 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/!

  $   $84 8
"      8$   
8$8  =

    
    * & 8     %   

    6   3   ;     =     8$ rF
u %  u 

‡   

 u 



          %. 4 &$      


‡    u  #

# u %
 

' 3 8  7 7$84 8$
 
88   3      $8(4 #53   &$  ªF $  bF
u ‡
 [   

@uŽ‡   

 

‡  

‡   

 

#    Ž  ‡ 

 
   
% 3u ‡  

  Ž ‡ 

 # ‡    
  u   

  

#   # %  
   

    

 % ‡   u   

#   # % ‡   u    # 
  

    8$ rF
3u ‡  

  Ž ‡ 

 # % 
 
% ‡  @u # u‡  u ‡  @u  @u  

   Ž  ‡ 

 
  
% ‡   u# u ‡   # u   ‡  # u  Ž 

% ‡   u   #u   u Ž  % '


  8$ %   
 8
  & 7$84 8$
    8   =
    $8  3  3   
   
  $  
%  8$ ( 

      $84 8
     8          

 8
  %           % (    %    % ‡   u    #     ;
  8 =



$  8$
  3   8 3     3  4 % $     8 ) 58 4 8
 
8$8 ^F
u % 

  

#   

# Q‡  Ž ‡ 

 ##
   
   
 
  
     78 8
 # =
2
 Ž %    %    ;
  8  %   ( 
 
 8
#   +( $84  8
  
#   
   3  +(  # = ‰    
5$ ( 8 4 8$
      * 
 8$
 
 8 *     # =
     
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

‰   

 
 # % ‡  .  | 

# .:
| ‡  % ‡ |

‡    #&%  #  
  

  )   %  = .        8$
 
)   u
# % ‡    #  =   
8
 

#&%  %
 
 8 * 
 8$
 $  % = 


5    8$   &    63   
)8 
  
 
}

 

  % (  3 8$**4  
3 

.  # ‡ | k      _u  _u # v$
$
 | $ !( 3     5   ‡ |(.     3
    4   =  $  $8(    $    8$       
3
'  % 8$  8$ 
5 3  4    8 #53    $8       _Ž 3 5 3   {  =
  3    3 $4  
)8     
 3  $           8    4 8
    

 $ '(  3   % =     8; %   $   % #7 $     
3   
8 
  
8$
 
8 
%    3   *8 
   5   8$         ;   5 ## u %  %   $8     3  $
b

  3 $     $ 8$ 
     3   
 8$ 
   
% 3  $ 3  $   3        3  
; 
 % 8
 8     $=       3 &  %  $   #&%  %  v    ## u % = #     3   %   3 $8  :

8 
  % #       5 #&%  %  8 
      % #   
:%   $     
8  
%  8   
6    
 =
‰ 3  
$8(4 
$     8(  3        (   
     AF   $  $#  $ 
 8  

"  =    $ 5   
  8$
    s})(  = %   #     & 8  3
$= #
    3 8      8   Ž  3 93   {
9      6  % 8    4  6 8$     # %    #&%  %
8       5   8$  ^ F

.   # %  Ž 
k      u  
 u    u  u # v %
$ 
8  9  4   3
  %6Ž  $
  8 % % % Ž  _Ž  =
 % #
 
         $
8($   .   # $ 

8$
  #    AF

.    # % k    Ž      u   u      u  u# v % 
$ 

  8         6    4   $ 5      AF

.    #&% k 
   Ž      u   u      u  u# v %

$ 
 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/! Ž


   7$ $ 3  8$       8$  $ Ž 

3 ) 3   {
% 8    4  8$   

# %   # %  %  

# %
   #&% =  4      4   $ c .  # % .    # =
 

d 
    8    * 78$ 
        6

  .    # %  3    
     6
       =    $8$ %   + 8      8$  .

  #
  %    8 8  8

   8  AF


 u    #u   u  Ž  %     # % ‡    # %  
 
 u     % #  8    8      :% 3   8     %  %   4   %     8$   u  %  %
   Ž 6 8$
    4   3     63         (    8$  #   ŽZ =& :  
   
3 4 3     
  8
3 53  $ = 
  
  .    # % d =

2
   % # %  
 %
#  u   # %9     % #   #    {        3    * 
 8  $ 8$ 
 
   8 $   # %  % 4 6  
   
 8     % #           3      $=

798 >A<?>d@;>[C B <  †fg ` ‚ ©?…jk>dƒ…A>d@;>,?g5 u[M  \NP_OQP waTŽZG™šP+\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[P)u[M


MNRMV(ZvT[ž OQMKNP u[M
RP_VtTG\J^P_Z]MNR—VtJLZ]Mx`bVtOQMZG™,M JLZau[MšwGMZaubJ^MZG™,MNR—u[M4Vq` NM \T¡`[\JGP_ž Z ˜_`bKYJd`[\J^P_Za`bV\NP_Z   # %   # % 

 8 C iX8Ž‚g  ~†{  8 C iX8[‚„g ?8[…B <>d@8 $  8  
C i 8   

• Mx` MV]RT¡lMNRšw¡`[\J^P‘u[Mu[P_Zau[M .  #   RJ

%b     IZG™,P_Z]\NMNRy

`  ZaubJ^\NM—u[M .   
MNR ZGJL™šP


l  IV ZvT[ž OQMKNPQu[M.waTŽZG™šPRs\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PR4u[M

MZG™AK M

  MNR ZGJL™šP


\  IVUŸ ž ZaubJ^\NMœu[M . MNR{MV$ZvTŽž OQMK P u[M(waTŽZG™šPRv\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PRœu[M

› MNR™dKYJ^\™ `bOQMZG™šMvMZG™AK M

   \NP_Z 
™^`;u[PRs\x`;u;`‘TŽZ]PQ\NP_ZRT OsT[Vt™AJ waVtJ^\Jdu;`;u

0>d< $8…jg ƒ?iª©$8«g$8Ž…k8 C iX8Ž‚g   †    d   (   
  œ})(  = 3    3  4    8$ = #
w  .

   #    8        
  #     8$ & 
  8$   . $  6  4 63   
8     
  =
w  .   
 8&8     3    8     3   
   %.3   %  4 +    
 #    %b  #
8   %     8 .   # %  3    9  8$  $    $84 8
    8  48    #&%   # % 
  
   # =
 $  8$  


  $      =  +
3     7 $     3 8     8$   $  Ž   6  % 
}  

3 8$     8$   Ž 3 93   {

# = ‰        .    #  3    Ž % 3  8      
.   #   3         8( 3         # =    *     #   <$  $# = $
 
  6 $ 
 8$ 3   8        =
 

w  .  #    Ž % .   #      % $ 
 8$ 3    8 
  

  
 % 3       8$
  

   
 8$
  * 8 4 8$
    8      ŽZ!# 8  .   # % =    3  
    
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

3   .   #    ( 
 =         

    +   
3   
8 
  

  3    "   $ 3  8     4 = 
= 5=  =
¨4iª©$8«g$8Ž…  8 C iX8[‚„g -†
‰ 
    8 *  8$           8'(  #  
8   $ (  
  8$
  5      
F
 3          +  7$      = w   8$
  #4 8$    3   8;   #  3  
 8  6
 $ 3  $
%   8          %    +    
3   =
  .    
9 3  4       5 8$8   $=

8Ž‚g d E9† •–J   5 RP_Z \NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PR MZG™AK McRaŸ ž MZG™,P_Z]\NMNR MJ R™,MT[Za`v\NP_Z¡R™^`bZG™,M  JLZau[MšwGMZaubJ^MZG™šM
u[M 
 5  ^™ `bV?ST–M 
.‡  5   


w  55  98$ 
   7      $8   $84 8
    8  8$   
   # %    5 # % 

¨4iª©$8«g†
      8$
7    .  = w   % ! #   #    {     (  3   $ 84 8
    8   

8 " 
  ! # %  % u   ! # % . %     8$ 
  % !
 #&%  % ‡  #  .   % ‡  ##

        6   #
  /  % ‡  # $    3        XF    3 4  $ $#
 d =
=  F
 78$(   3     
 8     &
58.  8$    & *8 4 8$
    8   =
        # $ * 
     3            =  

 %  ‡    ‡
% %
   #  #
 
 ;   5 ! # % =

= 5=  =
  $
    8$  "   .    $ *      

    '     
  …!…   %  % '  %
  % !  % %      '           F   8         4 ˆ 6 3   
8 
  


$= ˆ

w  3   (    5   # %  5   # %  #    5  % # 
 8     8 
 5 5 " $ 3 8    
      …s…    
 8 4 8
    8     5  % #       8        
&   5 u 6    … # =
w   u $ " ˆ 3  8$        % # 8$    … #&%  %  % '  =
8Ž‚g  † `  g ` ubJLOQMZ¡RJGP_ž Z u[M 5 MNR ZGJL™ `_›0M4Jq bT¡`bV$` 




l   % 5  u u[Mp™^`bV$OQPu[P ST–M .  5   # % [›$w¡`bKn` 5 5 ›
MZ    MZ  u .    # [› RJ 
MNR™a` ž MZ  u›  b  

¨4iª©$8«g † # w    5  6  5  
<  
   5 % 8   5   … # %  5   s… # =   5 
   5  ‡  5  $
 8$  )  8 4 8
    8$   % 8   &  8  s… =     8$
…  8 

 
    …  %
8   #$ 3
  <      5   5  =       +  ( 
    5  u %  ˆ = #
   (   8  "$$      $ 
 $     3  8 3 $ 3        8   … %
 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/!  

 %  =
w     % #    8$      (  8 
      #%  %  u  # % . %
Z % '! = w  
     )% 
$8$  $
  ~ € =

α3

α1

α2
x
a c1 c2 c3 b
 = = 

  % #              
ˆ
  =   *(   6  
)
    
       #  %   =
   % # )   
 3   3    & 
 8
  5 =  
  6  +
     bF



  #  % 
 ‡    # 

  (  hF  5  % #    % #   
  % # ;%      !   % $ *(      5  
 # %     #  %  ;%
  # %   =
5

    8$8
 F        
 


  # %   ‡ ¢ …  # …
ˆ ˆ  ˆ
6 5  % #    …  % # … %     ! 
ˆ
 =

 


 5  #&% ¢ …   # …  6      #&%  #


%  
   #

  ¢



 …   # … %   3  8$    8$8
 #

5   # %  
ˆ ˆ
     
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

 3   %  8    &%  # =   *       
    5    =

ˆ
'w   8      $     = w   5 $ 
 8$$      5 (     5  s … # %   … #;%

 #
 %   =     8   ‡  5 3     $8  u = 2
  u  5 %  %   $ 
 
 %  5  u =

‰    
.   5   # %  t… §      5 u   5  % 

…§    
 5 u       
  3 73    
8        # =       … #&%   = ¤

¤

      %   8          !    #4 63    8 
  

   3  8$  +  88
 # =
   3   3    $:$  $# = ˆ  6 3  $4  # 

.   # % ¢ .   #

  -   
')   
    '

n



  
} .  5 #&% 

…§  5  
5 u =   

… ¤ …
  

 5
 u % ¢  u  s … #  ‡ ¢  u   … #  % … u  … # … % …
 
¤

    8$

.   5 # % ¢  … … 
…§  

= 5=  =
8Ž‚g  † 
`  IVŸ ž ZaubJ^\NM4u[M . RPblK M  MNR—Jq bT¡`bV?`bV Ÿ ž ZaubJ^\NMUu[M . RPblK M  5 9MNR ZGJL™šP

 
l  •–J MNRœ\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[P‘u[M

MZ  \NP_Z OsT[Vt™AJ waVtJ^\Jdu;`;u  ›I™ `bO{lJŽMž ZV PQMNRsMZ 5 \NP_ZVq`‘OsJ RO{`‘OsT[V
™dJ waVtJ^\Jdu;`;u

¨4iª©$8«g †   8        
 5    5 % 
 8 %:6      3   5   … #   s… # = %

3  8 8
  ‡;†   )8    &    % 8   5 %   $   3  6 8$8
 $  <$ 3 8$ %
5
     
  %  5 # = 

# w   3     8$   %     8$ .   # % .   5 #  .   #   % 3      .   5 # %


.   # ‡ .   #     
 8 3
      .   5 # %  $  %  %  %  # =      hF
$     % $    5   6  *   5 $  
   5  %     8$ 3   %  5 % .   #   # =
2
  5 $      
 4 '( % 
 8$  4 '=





 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/!  

  # >w    8         %     
 8  $          3      $  3
     Ž #
 ) &8 4 8
    8$  8     #&%   
%     8   3     8$  %  5  %    3 
# %
   8        8$  $   8        # F    +
   5 =    98   &%  % % 
   
5  
5         #  5   % #&%    % #   =
c  
        5   3    (  3     !  #  8    '
  # (     3 
    8$          #    5    
rF

.   
5 #&% ¢  … …   … … %  
…§   

2
 .   5   # %  3        u %   $
rF .   5   # %  % 3        =  +
 3 8    5    3   "8  
8   .   #"%   8  8  $   8$         $      
 3 8      8$  ªF &%  % %  %  5  % #&%    % #  6   3   78$ 
     %
8   7  7 3 8$   = 
= 5=  =
2      $
     8$   .   # $     = w     #   
 8   .   # =    
  T

  8 $ F  

8Ž‚g  +†

`   #
MNR—T[Za` WYTŽZ]\JGP_ž Z nMZV PR4Za`b™AT[Kn`bV MNR  Z]PQu[MN\K MN\J^MZG™,M

l    # % {w¡`bKn`9MZ  !  



\   .‡ | #&% 
  # ›-w¡`bKn` | vwGMxSTGM Z]P
 

u  •–J  MNRs\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[P‘u[M \NP_ZOsT[Vt™AJ waVt J^\Jdu;`;u    # ›0MZG™šP_Z]\NMNR   
 
  #& %  
|  #     # ›$w¡`bKn` | 
wGMxSTGM Z]P —` {T[ZZ{TŽž OQMK P  
ZGJL™šP‘u[M0waTŽZG™šPRs\NP_ZomYTb ;`;u[PR4u[M M Z
 
¨4iª©$8«g† #4w 
   u %     8$  6     "  3  8          
    # (    
.   #   % 3       3 8= w  3  8      %  6   
 3     ! u  %
   
        6/.    # % .    # =  .      $       3     8$    
&     6    u #     # = ' '
 # 2    6 3   
8             !   %     8$ % 3   3   3       
= % .   #  3  #       %   6      8    !   # = 2
   #  4 ' %
   8$
    
    
#   8 #        ' & '
       v     $  6    % %3   (  


   #&%   #&%  3      !   

8 #   $
 8      !       6   $    8
  8   8  
  6    4 6
 
      7  8  *     = w      '7    "… 6 …  F   %  5    u % 8
*  
$# = %
    5   
 $     3      $     
 8ˆ    
$84 8
    8  
     ! … =  5 % ~ €  =    u 8$    3  $
9#       7  '   . 
63  


(    5  %  5  =
'
 

   
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

‰      .  5 # %  … §            8   !##    )% 3 
     …  
%
   …            4 8
   # =
   3     "


…
 O

… % ‡ …

  # ¢  #  


  7(  hF
…
   

.   5 # ‡ .   5 # % ‡  … ¢  …

  # O   # ‡ …

  u # O   u # # 
   
'
  $ 8 %5.    5 #  8$        =
    8$ )  .    % (   
.    5 9
5 #   $8  # XF    u #     # =
# 3   u

    # 3   u   '%   

   #
   8
    u #  %   u# 3   u   %  u  8$    = w    $
   ' %     8 )      ) .    =
 #>w       s… 6 s…  =     $8   5  % ~ €  …  !   3          6% 3    = %    
8 
8 .    5 #  ˆ       3
'  7 $    " $ 3 8    5     
   

  #  $‡   # ‡    # 

 3 '  :      8$           # 

 bF    u #     # %3   u 
$8  #  =
 })  3      3 ;          #56     6   
 8
 #      6  u   
       = #
5

  7(  hF   '  u #    u#     u#   #     5# 3   u  8$   " =

w        !  …  1     #  $  
     !   3     $      $         {
 # # …       ,     4   =
 .  J…  !


      $#  = 3  
  8     
J…4   5
 J…   
 8  $    $84 8
    8  
F
       …!  8  J…  # % J  … # = # w    5   
1     # $  
&     

5
 3  )      =    )    5  %    % #   %
%
   3            (    .  4
5 5 …  , 

   … %  6     #   % =
# %


‰      5  u   #             3         U  5  u   # %      8$   % # %

 U  5   % #   
 8
  "   8 4 8
    8$   %      "  
8
        Ž F 3 
   8$      
  
 8      %  84  8     8     3     8    ^F  u   # %
 %  U  5  u  # %  5   % 3   
 *           3      # =   
   
 ;
[  0/    / ! =   ,! /v ! a # "  #    ?/  0/! 


  #  5 u   ; # %96     #  #  
   =   
#8$
 3 ;(   +8$ 
     
$8$  $ 3 

 $8$  $  1      % $      *#    {   
    8  6     #93    !8
     
  #  5  u   # = , ˆ     {        &8
    # 3  
      $ 
8;      

1
(     …    #  5  u   # %
…  = , 


w   u       6 s…  = w  z  % #     8
    ~ €  #OŽZ (   ªF
ˆ
z  % #  3  %  s…  z   u # % ' z   # % F 

 6     

 5 
6   8
        6  u =    $
    8$ )$  
   =
'
.

    # %.

    !#         4   =
'
.

   5  # %.

    5 !# %  % .

  5   5 !# 
' '
.  
z!# % 0      Ž 
     u    u      u  u # v %
 3

'       8$¤  $    6 z !# = 

 !#&%    ^u   #
z .   
 
6       $8 4 8$
 '   8       ! u   3  3   {
# % z   … #&%
$ 
 8
*  6  u  # %
 = ˆ

   *   !#&%     5 u   #&%( 3  8    8$8
 =

5  z .  .    z!#   =
  
' '
    $8  %  8       
.  $  &  3 8$       3  F
'
    J…  1   5  | C
‡ |   5 1 |

‡ | 1
  
 7    { , , ,
 
  !
# . ‡ |    u   #
|    u   #

‡ 
‡ .  |% .
  F   # 
 
6    .

  5 |

‡ |   5 
| ‡ | F#&% ‡ (  |% .    '  F # =
' '
2      % 3  | 3     5 %   ##    {  
          =   (  #
   #     #

$8$  $   $ 
  8     7        5   3      63     8$   % $  $8 
 
  u#     #    # = '

   $
    8$    u #&%    #     # 3  7   u       6 …  =
ˆ
      4 6  
     ' 3 
2
 $ ! $ 8     & "   . 
   !! )%  
  
'      s… !…   %46 8$
8  3   8 
     %     s… 6  … ;% 3   8$    ' %
ˆ ˆ
 
   
 ;  0/   0/!
  ,! /v !

  
    
4 63   
98 
  
9       ! ) % 6   
  3  "     hF
4 6    
      3   
8 
  
       6 =      9     8$ 
  
  %     8$    u # %    #     #&%  #!6 4 6        # = 
= 5=  =
0>d< ?8 …dg ƒ?iª©$8«g6?8[… k8 C iX8[‚„g $8Ž…—B <>d@8 †
! 
3 $4  #)6   # = 2
4 6    
  4  '   3   
&8       %<3  $


 8        %  $           
    3   
8$ 
      6  9   s…  s…   
4 6  
     '      #    $8    3    $8 
     # =    $   # %   ˆ #  
  
#!6  8   #&%  #   # %  …# =
   ˆ

ˆ
= 5=  =

 
 
&
.

%

%0&
 
(!%   "+
k%   
&
.  ",8
 

   +( 7 88$
   

  7#    8         
8  8$  
  3   
8$ 
  
 3 
* 
 3   # =

8  $
  3  $   8$  
  # %   %     # %

8     # % %    #&% #%   8  3 )8     % 8  8$)     #;%     

$
  % "   !" $#
  3   

8  
8$
 8  
   #&% # (     5#   8

  %     #      ##

 
  #   -'   #
 
¥
 ¥  #   '-
  %
 #

¥
8  % %          $=  8    ¥   6      %      # = ‰   
 3  
 


  %    %   #     %   # # $   4    3
'  =       4 8
  =
= = #
)$8  
  d 2d 

    
 8$   8$       "  # % %    #     '  #       % $  

8  3 8       =
= # 3  % 8  8   =   
 $

.    3  % 8  

d 

$ 3 # 6     8  3 8$      

 8
  # $ ¥84 8$¥ 
     8$$ #
6    9 :<;

3   8  +     63  
8$   b F  ( =
= = d 

 8 iX8Ž‚g 7dE † C IVwaKYJLOQMKUwaT[ZG™,P\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[P u[M  MZG™dKNM    MNRMV?waKYJLOQMKUwaT[ZG™šPu[P_Zau[M  




 #    %  '- # MNRRJLZ[ bT[Vq`bK.w¡`bKn` \Th`bVqST[J^MKp\x`bOwGP \NMZG™dKn`bVMZ  %

¥ ¥

 ;
[  ?/v .  0/—2f  v %     ! /v # $!] 



¨4iª©$8«g&† *=    % "   $# $:8  3 *8     % 8    %  '- #    % #   8    



  =     % #  7   
   #  %  '   # =
6  

2
 Š 4    %    %  &#     %  &¥ ## % ¥   %    %  &#     %  &##53  *  5% 3   
     
h h h h h :

8   +(Š   $8 4 8$   )8  $ 3 8$#   6 $  $ %   % ¡F h


 %


  
 

 
  #&% 
!

 

  

  $8  F
   
  
    #  %   

 :%


 #   ‡  ‡   #   % 
 
  #  ‡  ‡  

  $8  8  *8         8$
 & $84 8
    8$    

     4 8
 = # = 

2
     # % %       # %  6          
 
 8
   8 4 8$
     8   %
h

      3  % 
$8   3        #   $      
       # %        # $
( 
 
 8
 8     .   3          =    % # %  % #     #  3     8   # 

    % #  * "#        (    6 $     =    % #  *       6 
 
  % # * % $  8$    
3   
)8
   
  = ‰   
5 +
3   
   3      &
   % "   $# =

= 5=  =
€8i_@;>d@;> C 7dE†      3   &     
8  5 $     *        %  $ 3  = %   

  8   
      3     )8  
8$

F
#  &   # % ‰  8$    8
 & ‡ &   ‰  88$
  

8 # # ## 


8   %  #     #   # 

  C
    #  

  $     %   #     &„‡ & # &3  "8$  (   8$
   # =      $ 3   3   
    % * 3  & % &  
 
 =   $  
    8    &  # =
€8i_@;>d@;> C 7 †   4    #    % $   8  3 3  "$ 3 $     3 
=
=



’ C kg   
     $   8
 $<   =    :     
 8 # =
7dE„† 

  3     3      
    
 * 8  = 2     6  

  8  3 8       %   &#;% h

8  .8#    # ;% 8$
    ( d = = = % $  $8 %  
 8  
 8
:%43 
  % 8   % 
  ¡F

   % #&%  % #   #&%
   
  
 0/0/!

,! 
/ !

 
   % #&%   %     #   #&% h     # 

‰   
 *#       ( = = $
 7      6 !)    # =     #&%. =

&  d  


  3   3    8 
      % 8$     %     8$     #          = 

  5  % # %    %   # %53  %   %
 

  8$ 3 3         # % 8       #  =
  % 

 5  % # %  3  %   =     8$  5  % #53     8$*  % 8$ 

    %    #    #     
 8

   8 4 8
    8$   % (  
  $  5  % #;%    6     =    (   .   5 # %
 5    #  5     5   % =

2
 .   # 7   %     8$   5     
    . $   F    &   8   78$  8

 8                5     5   %  %43       5    #&%        # % =   
     8$  5  %  #  %3      8$       
 8
  3 $$#      $   8 $ <   = 2

 5   # %       # % 6       # $ *  
    %     8$  %  % 8     8     88
 =
}

  +        8$  7    #9 $ 3      %   #93    % # =
  
  $  
d 
 
  &  .   #  % $ 3      
 $ )$   8
 3   8 
    
 
  4   
      (    .   # %  # =
    
   .           $ '(  6     3 8 8$
   
   
       
$88$
 =
 8 C iX8Ž‚g  † •–J MNR u[M
ZGJdu;` wGPRJL™dJL˜_`_› MNR # ›  „MNRT[Z waTŽZG™šP&\KaŸ ž ™dJ^\NP)u[M   # ›



MZG™šP_Z]\NMNRy 

  
4P ¡`

 waT[ZG™,PRU\NP_ZomYT ;`;u[PR u[M

MZ  =RJ URP_ž V P4RJ  s
 MNRIw¡`bKY™šM—u[M TŽZ  \x`bOwGP{\NMZG™dKn`bV?\NP_Z—WoP\NP
MZ  ‡     ‡  # # ›-w¡`bKn`Q™,Pu[P  ›-wGMxST–M
Z]P


¨4iª©$8«g

3    *8$
     3   $  6         8$
 
 8  
 8

†‘}  

 &  58 8       8  8  8$      #      #      ‡ 6 =

    3       8    3 8      8  8$     ‡     ‡ ##     8$  4 6 3   

8 
  
  ‡&  ‡  =!  * +*$8(     3        8  3 %:3  $

 3      $ 8  3 * ) 
 8
 b F
 
   % #&%  % #   ‡ # %    ‡ #

 
   % #&%   %     #   ‡ #&% h     ‡ # 

2       
 8
   %    # $       8$    $=       3  8  %     %
h

  %  '- #%     % -'  #        =     

  8  3 8               # #
8     %   #   
    3  *  % %  %  =


 
      % <      3  4      % -'  #  )      3  %    3 
  ! "   # =    8$
7
3     58 
  
 3      +(  8$  8   = #;% 3  $

c

#    3     5      ‡  ‡# #    *     $# = # %  3     3      

 

6 
  
$        # =    (    7 63   
8$ 
  
  ‡%!  ‡&  
  


6   %    # $   8  3 *8     =
h
  
?/$ 0/—2



 % 

  =! / #
$! 



= 5=  =

€8[‚„ƒ… C 7dE„†  .  #  % 0
$    #



 % 8$    # %  %  # %  =
*8 8
"
     5 Ž F
     %  %   # 
 

  7(   % 8    58  8  $ 5  8  rF

 % % %  
  % ‡  # %          

    7 
 8
  % $    Š
ˆ $ 

   $
9    8      
8 
 8
% 8  8   
9      # 
6 3    3     #
 ' F  % # %
  % ‡ % # =

    

α
d

x
c a
 =  =

2
  % ! # % % %  3  % %  %  74 63    58 
  
  7   '     =  +(

b b

    8  3 8     8$  .8   '  #  ( 
  3       +    8;(    6


  3  8  3     %  # % %  6  %43     6

   8 
 8 # =
‰   
%  %3   (  * 
 8$
     
 .8       

%     #  #  



= 
£,£
}

    %  %  $84 8
         
    8$


%    % % 

   %  .‡ % #C
%    %  
56






$    # 
 % % 

$
%

‡
% %


 %  I‡ % # 

# $ %

‡ !
% 
  
  
 0/0/!

,! 
/ !

  $8 %    8    $ 
  4   3  * 8     * 
 =

€8[‚„ƒ… C 7  $ : $ 3  = %    
9
3 $$#         7       %    *
† 
 7$8 4 8     8$   ^F
 


  # % '    #     #&% '

  #  % 
  

‰     :  
    & 
 8    bF

 #  ‡ %  
  
   " #     # # % '

  # % 
   8   ' 3 $8$  $   
   $ 5 
 8
#   8 8

  
      7 8 4 8
 
'   &
   8    8
   # =        8$  8
      
      F    %  % $
 $8      $ %  =   
 8
  ! $84 8
    8$  
8   8  x£ 8$   £, £      =

‰   
    88$ #  3   
8       

%             4 8
 = %    6 8 

(   &
3   
     %   # %  =

   %0& (
#- #
%0&

    #/
&
.i
 
&
,8
&!%
V+   

d   
4     8

      
*8  
  3        8  
 6          3 
3 $4      
   # 3    8  
8  7$     
           $  $8  3  

 ‡   73     5 # 3    
      #  $  $8 3    8$    ‡      

3     5 ¡F             3        6        &      # =

 

  3  
    $ 3          
 8       $84 8$          
  % "   "  # %   %  &#;% (       % # %   %   # % 6 
  %  - #    
     3  %    
h

 3    3   
    8  3 8$     8  8$    ‡     ‡  ## =  3  $ 

 $ 
   %    %  &#    8  3 " 6 8;hF 8   $ 7  

       8$ 3  8 
h

 %   # 8   %     % ## % 3  

  
    8
   8
    =  !8  3  7    8$ h

%    %   %   # # %   %   #  
   88$

h = = # = 2    3  
 8  3  6 8; [d  

    8$
. 
# %  %     %   ## %
 
   3      8   *     
3   
 
 
ˆ

6   

    9     oF
  # 
‡   # %
$
   %        # %

     %       #  )   8$
     +    6  +
  3  F

  %       # %  %     # ‡  %     # ‡  %     #

  ‡  # 
  
  8 %   8  3        % # 8$
 3     % # 8      $88
   8  3   %    % # #
       = # =

   0/ /

 
  







 

Y(x)
B 0

Y(x)
A

X
a b
 =  =

   $
    8$ $        $ '(  =
   &%('*),+-!/.102!    DC   #(E

 ! #"$ 3%(45.670 $ !98,%:),+4;!=<?>@6A% !,45.B6 .F!=GIHJ)@%

K LC   LC #   DC   DC # #  #NMPO >Q!=02!&.B6J8,6 %5+ %5+@.B67+R4(%('  &%(':),+S<UV T + $ </6 E %5+SGW!&+R670X<Y!



E >Q!=02!/.6J8,6  DC # %5+Z%5G[8,67< $ + $ 6Y8,%5G\4;!=<?>@6 E  DC # %(' 

>@670>@%;83! 76]'J^


_ #"$ K DC      #`MaO 4(67+ $Wb )c!=GW83!38#'67T Gd6e' $ % fE %5+@.67+R4(%('  &%('g%5Gh),T + $ 4(6Y<UV T + $ </6=^

 DC     #   DC     #


4 g"$ %('   E GW!A4(67+-8 $ 4 $ 67T +8,% ! %(' %('f8,%
+ $ 83!#+R6e+R% b !=. $Li !f>Q!=02!#.B6J8,6

 LC #  4(%50j4;!k8,%   DC # 

g>Q!=02!k.B6J83!  %5+

^  4(67+-8 $ 4 $ 67T +8,%
gl!m _  %('YHJ)@%
 DC   DC #   # ']%;!

8,%
+
$ 83!:>@6]' $ . $Li !3^ 


8 *"$
 LC    DC #     LC ## %('
>@6]' $ . $Li !n8,%
+
$ 83!    LC # %('
>Q!=0X.%f8,%)+S4;!=<?>@6n% !,45.B6 E   %5+@.B67+R4(%('

 &%(': ),+o)T + $ 4(6Y<UV T + $ </6gGd6]4;!=G>Q!=02!/GW!&+R670X<Y! 


E %5+%5G\%('B>Q!,4 $ 6&8,%qpX),+R4 $ 67+R%('  >@670>@%;83! 76]'J^

r # $  .    =
tsIu 

    # 4  +(    *   6"

 
 
%     8$   # %    #56 3        # % DC

     ## =   8$ %   # $ 3       5  6 $8$     $ 8  3 =    #8$

 
4 6  
LC LC DC

  3   3    #;%   #&%    # = 1v jw DC DC

8 #   %     8    yx



K DC      # %

 z  #|{
 LC        z  ##  z  #  z  # 

  
 $8(    
   &   # % DC        z  ## %     8$

 
  # z   O #&%

    #  %

 }z  #      #      O #
 


  
  ?   ? 

  


      3 53  $ # =

   
  # % LC    #    O # % DC     # %   O # %
 DC     
#   z  # %     #  $   

  =
   

   8$ %               %       # %       #   

 K DC eM O DC     #
      3      
       #    $8       
8; *3 3  3  "98 4 ! DC  
8 
8 *      #;% 
#  %     %    
      #  = K LC O

  #  $ . 6        8$
  LC     #  
3
       3     #
$8 
 

  LC #     DC # # = 

 = 5=7=


) 3  8      #4 63   
8$ 
  
      6  
  
    #;% v v

3   $  $#
= %   $ 3       8  3 8    !8$  .8         # #;% 3   1v z 1v z

(   6   
  
 8
AK O

 *.8        =       3   $



$  $# =    8  3  =

 ! #" ,    %
$  3  7$ 3 $# 7  3    $
  8$   8          3 
D  = $
   &
$      # 

% 6 $ $4  =
 

 !D #  "('    $
8  $  * $   $    
  3      

 *)   #  #,+-
#
, 

   /.10 2)  #533.4 /58 0687 5 .   +:9 " 4;0161+ 5 .-=</+:68+</7>0?+-A@B+C4;0ED
 

 ,!DA#"(F &G 

6IH 5 7J61.K+ 5 9. 5ML 4;0N</.O+ 5 + G + A+C61P G .
D +C- /
 5 6QH 5 7J61.SR G .   0 G + 5TG 0 5 .4A6U0 

D

 %VMWXVMW #
 "   4;.  04 /
 5 4;+- /
 GYL 0N<E.Z0 5 H0 G .R.TP[0N40?+ G P/4A. /
 G +C680\</+,@B4A. 5ML +C4;0 G 7  4;+]</+ G + A+C61P G .

D D

 %VMWXVMW#"('  - L </7>04^+ G P/4;. /

 G +6U0?</+ G + A+4;9C7(9C7(. D D

 . L +C61.-   + G 0?P3.-;7 L 7Y_`7(<[0N<a</+ K +- L 0N6  7

H+ 5a5 +9C+C-;0N4;7J0 x


#"('   LC #

m "$ %('?),+<UV T + $ </6 Gd6]4;!=G E %5+GW!#+R670X<Y!  E >Q!=02!A%5G %('B>Q!,4 $ 6n8,%\pX),+R4 $ 67+R%('
 
>@670>@%;83!c7
b 6]' DC    LC #     DC #  [e
#MPO  


 E %5+@.67+R4(%('K >Q!=02!Y.B6J8,6 %5+ ']67+4(67+

 DC    LC #  Bf  !
%5+ d 
. $ +@)6]' ^
 # %('e8,%
+ $ 83!&+R6#+R% b !=. $Li !#' $ %('   E >Q!=02!/.B6J8,6 ^

 
r tsIu  .`</+68.N-^+-;94;7  7J4 x DC     # z DC       #g9.68.
 
DC     # z DC     #  DC     # z DC    
 #
   
% DC      #  z   #   h  z   h# 
 LC    
   #   z   #   h  z   h #
!d 
</. 5 </+ G .-i4A+C-A7J<  .N-j-A. 5 /
 5 7Y@B.4;61+C-+ 5 C + 5  v  *k   D C #    LC #l-;7 h  LC # z    DC # hk h DC # z   LC # hk
-;. 5 N
0 9. L 0</.-CD
 
     } 
  









 +C0,+ 5ML 4;+ v c k P .-A7 L 7(_. k -;+C0 /5 _N+C9 L 
. 4^</+  
D  + [5 0N61.-

O -A7 C 

 DC #&%   DC #  DC #  9C. 5  LC # %  D C

 z # A- 7 C    
 z C # z  
z  # -A7 C M 

 L C #T+C-  + 5 P3+C<[0 .-  # %oOED 0N4;0 % ck -;+ L .6U04[H0  D C #T9. 5 /5 / P 7J9. + 5  z D #
 
k 
h  DC # h  h h k P .N4 G .

 L 0 5ML . P[040  P3+  +5  .  # z 
 #SM O -A7  +- /5 6QH 5 7J61. + 5 
G 0 5 .4A6U0  D-;94;7!/7J+ 5 </. G 0a7 5ML +R40 G 9.68. L 4;+C-T7 5ML +R40 G +C-:</+ C"#" %$ z
D C"&"   $ k!G 0
D

9C. 5 L 4;7!('/9C7 H. 5 -;.)E4;+8 v*"   +C- OED  ) "

. /4;+8+  E L + 5 +C61.- x  

-,
 DC"  DC z .$ "    $ z DC" 
 &"     $/ DC"&"    $ z DC"&"  $   C

    

0   $1   "2 3$ "   .$1 $ z  "& .$ "   3$$4$65
 

 .)E4;+878  "  L + 5 +C61.- x

 LC"&"  $l    DC"  &"    $i   $  C    $

-,  d 
 0:9'/+  DC $g+- G 7 5 +C0 G + 5 C k + 5 +-;+:7 5ML +4A_0 G . k    DC $ 0 ;
z  `z  
z  $
D

;< .40 k  +C- ' 5 P=' 5ML .

9.61. 9C4C> H L 7(9C. k  +- ? P .N4 P[0N4 L +C- k 9C. 5 </+4;7(_0N</0
LC"3"   $ k + $ 9+CP L . + 5 G .-P(' 5ML .N-U</+Q</7J-A9C. 5ML 7 5 /' 7J<[0< </+    k </. 5 </+Q-[H. G .  LC"&"   $+-

9C!. d 5 L 7 5 '/./DA@ .`<E+C61.-]+ 5ML . 5 9+C-O7 5ML +CRN40N4=P3.4]P/0N4 L +C- k -;.B/4;+ 9 0N</087 5ML +C4A_0 G .8<E+T9. M 5  L 7 5 '/7(<[0N<Q</+   
 G .- L H+ 4;617 5 .-g</+ @B4A. 5ML +40Z+ 5 ' 5 0</7J-A9C. 5ML 7 5 '/7J</0N< </+    -;:
+ 9 0 5 9C+ G 0 5#k  C
0 9'/+  L C $S+C- ?
D

D + 5 +68.- x

CE DC"&"  $ z LC"3"   $4$l  $  C z

-,  d !d
z    "H   $ "    #  $4$l    $1
   $
GF
0 z  "H 3$ "   .$4$l  8  $   $
GF
P3.4 G 089. 5ML 7 5 '/7(<[0N< E < + C" 
D  &"    $ k  #  $ 0  D  7Y_ 7J</7(+ 5 </.1P3.4   )$  L .680 5 <E.
O

+ G G > H 617 L +]9.'[0 5 </.  L J7 + 5 I

 </F+ Y 0 O x

:J
O  "2 3$ "    $ z  "2 3$ "   .$4$ z  "2 3$ "   .$4$l
  GF
0 K  "
 H 3$ "  .$ "   3$1 $K5

 
  
  ?   ?

 



ZD KD  D

 . L +C61.- 9'/+ -;7j-0 +68.- 9'/+ C+ -T</+ [5 7J</.QP .-A7 L 7(_.Q-;.)E4;+ H LC $ k + 5ML . 5 9+C- k </0N</.  9 '/+ ' 5
 G =
F F
6Q> H 5 7(68. + 5 G 0 5 .4A6U0  G . -A+C4/H0 + 5G 0 5 .4;680  k 5 . < 0 P=' 5ML 
  . -9C. 5
'/RM0N<E.-?</+ v + 5  v*"  
D +C.N4;+C680  D $
D  +C-aP[0N4 L + </+' 5 C9 0N61P . 9+ 5ML 4;0 G2k 9C. 5 @B. 9C. v*" w $ k  9 '/+ P('E+C</+ L + 5 C+ 4' 5 0
-;7 5 )R ' G 0N4;7(<[0N< + 5I D

B
Q’
Q
Y0

x
a c’ c b
 7JR/D D

 '/P3. 5 R0N68.N-9 'E+ K  "H .$ "    3 $ " $  O P/0N40 0 G RS' H 5 
_ +9 L N
. 4 D  + 0     L 0 G 9'/+
K C" LC $ " DC" LC $4$ " $  O k [
L P 0N4;0  J C J  k </. 5 </+  L C \ $ +C-P[0N4 L +a</+ G 9 N0 61P3.  _+9C7
5 .10 H LC $
D

 C+ 0  0 2 .$8   z 3$D -;9.
0N61.- ' 5 0 9.'/4A_0 w  

k L 0 G 9'/+ G 0 3P .4A9C7cH. 5Zw  -;+C0 G 0
 LC"   "  $A9'/+\P[0N-08P .4  "  $ k G 08P3.4;97cH. 5 -A+ 0  DC $ 0 H 3$

L 4;0 +C9 L .A4 7>0U<E+ G 9 0N61P .  
DC z 3$ k  G 0P3.4A9C7cH. 5 -;+C0 H DC $D  5ML . 5 9C+-

CE K LC"#" " $ 

 C
0

K LC" " " $ C  O "
 
 0:9'/+ -;.)/4A+ 1v*"  $   "  $ k   LC $ 0  DC"  DC $$ xAK +C-OED

 . L +C61.- 9'/+ -;7 
068.- C k + 5ML . 5 9+C-

K DC" LC $ " DC" DC $4$ " $ 0 DC" D C $ " $ z LC" LC $ " LC" LC $4$$
 
z DC" LC $ " DC" DC $4$l $  z  DC"  DC $$
IF
K $

DC" DC $ " $ $
 
 

   } 
 






 

0 $O+C- ' 5 0 -4'/P3+C4  9C7(+U+ 5  , D 0 +93'[09C7cH. 5 </+ G P G 0 5 . L 0 5 R+ 5 L + 0 +C-;0Q-4'EP +4  97J+1+ 5
 LC"  LC $4$S+C- x

0  DC" DC $$4$1  DC"  DC $$i z  DC" DC $$4$ $

{
  GF 

F(w)

F (w)
T
W
w Z(x,Y(x))
 7JR/D D

@!.N4 G . L 0 5ML . k </+C97J489'/+ K MPO,+ 5 L C" L C $4$!P/0N40 L .`</. 9'/7(+C4;+g</+C97J489'/+ $ z $MPO x
{
G 0?-'/P3+C4  9C7J+ C+ - L  H0 P .N4K+ 5 97J680<E+ G P G 0 5 . L 0 5 R+ 5ML +ND  

 < 
; . 40-;7 K LC" LC $ " " $M O1P[040 L . / < .  " k C 
. k 9'/7J+4;+ </+C97J4 9'/+ G 0-'/P3+C4  9C7J+T+C-^9C. 5
_+ $ E 0 D - L .+C-1+ G 9CN 0 -;. k -;7 +C-   k -;7  -/H. .G -;7 C" DC $ " $?+C-1P .-A7 L 7(_0 </+ /5 7J<[0 k P[0N4;0
D

9C. 5 N _ + $ 7J</0N<I+- L 4A7J9 L 0 k .1</+ [5  7J</0 5 . 5 +RM0 L (7 _0 k P/0N40G9C. F=5 F _N+ $ 7J<[0<I-;7(68P G +ND

 7 _N04 > H 0 k + 5ML . 5 9C+- L + 5 </4A+C61.-A' 5 0Z@X0N617 G 7J0 <E+ - '/P3+C4  9C7J+-]P/0N40N61+ L 4;7 N
C 0 <[0-KP .4 C  ' 5 093'E4A_0
0  DC" DC $$ L 0 G  9 '/+^P[0N40:9 0<[0 C k G 0:-'/P3+C4  C9 7J+^9C.N4;4;+-;P3. 5 </7(+ 5ML +^+C- L H0 P .4+ 5 C9 7(6U0 /
< + G P G0 5 .
L 0 5 R+ 5ML + + 5 + G ( P ' 5ML . D 
C "
 

D 
C "
 
D C $4$ "
D 
C "
 
D C $ "
  
D 
C "
 
D C $$4$ 5




  
  ?   ? 

  


W
a

b
W=Y’(x)
x
W=Z(x , Y(x))
 7JR/D D

 +C61.-0- > H 9'/+=P3.`</+68.N-I'/-;0N4</7J4A+C9 L 0N61+ 5ML + G 0,9C. 5 _N+ $ 7J</0N<8+ 5  / < + C"#" !
L $ P[040O9 0 <[0 DC" $

.P[0N4;0ZP/4;.)/0N4 G 0?+ $ 7(- L + 5 9C7J01<E+ 6Q> H 5 7J61.-CDI - L .1+C- ' H L 7 G 9.'[0 5 </. G 0\ @ ' 5 9C7 H. 5 5 .+C-  cD

 ,  "
!D #  5 + G +
+68P G . D k _ 7J61.- 9'/+:+ G @ ' 5 9C7J. 5 0 G

  $ 0


    $   C "  O
$ 0 O "
 $ 0

L (7 + 5 +C' 5 ' H 5 7J9C. P(' 5ML . 9C4C> H L 7(9C.  LC $ 0 C k + G .9 '[0 G C+ - ' 5 6Q> H 5 7(68. G .`9C0 G P[0N40 G 0 5  . 4A6U0 ?D  7 5
+C6 [0N4;RN.    z $     $  P3.4 G . L 0 5ML . DC"
6" $  O1-;7     x + G 6Q> H 5 7(68.
  0 
  
+ 5   5 . +- ' 5 6Q> H 5 7(68.P[040 G 0 5 .4AU
 6 0  D  . L +C61 
 
 
. -;9'/+?+- L .  0U@ '/+?PE4;.)[0</. / < 7(4;+C9 L 0N61+ 5ML +
+ 5 + G 
+4;9C7(9C7(.
D  D

 %VMWXVMW#"(F @4;.B[0N4A9'/+:+ G + $ L 4;+C61.+ 5 9. 5ML 4;0N</.1+ 5 + G +
+4;97J9C7(. D
5 .1+- ' 5 6Q> H 5 7J61.\P[0N4;0

G 0 5 .;4 680  D

 ,!D #"     ls W] V [#"

@l040+ G @ ' 5 9J7 . 5 0 G

  $ 0

  
 


$  
 "
C

9C. 5 / O
$ 0 O k / 1v $ 0 TkEL + 5 +C61.-A' 5 0Z@X0N617 G 7J0 <E+T-A. G '/97J. 5 +C-K</+ G 0?+93'[09C7cH. 5 </+ ' G +C4
w x

C #
G $ 0  z A- + 5 # #$
#
/ $ 0  }z 9C. - #$
 

     } 
  





 

_N+C4^+ G +
+C61P G .   D D $D

 E < +C6 NH0 -\+ 5 + G EP 4;7J61+C4:9C0NP > H L ' G .Q-;+ E

P 4;.)=H. 9 'E+ P[0N4;0I9 0N</0 C O k O k < 0  ' 5 0  ' 5 0Q-;. G 0
9C7(9 G .7J</+;9 'E+ ' 5 T+ + G .4;7(R+ 5 9 . 5 D C" 
$ D

a
x

y
 7JR/D D

 <E+C6 NH0 -=9C.61.

  

 
0 }z 9C.- # 
-A+ 5 #   
 0C9'/+ # +C-K@ ' 5 97cH. 5 </+ C  </+ 3$D

 + G 0Z4A+ G 09C7cH. 5#k  DC" .$ # z -;+ 5 # " 3$$

DC z C
0 O k .) L + 5 +C61.- k </+C4A7(_0 5 </.9. 5 4A+C-AP +9 L .80C x

# 0 # 
z z -;+ 5 # $4B z 9.- # $K5
@!.N4 G . L 0 5ML . 
 0 # # -;+ 5 # $4 9C.- # $
D
z 9C.- z }z

7 P3. 5 +68.- # $ 0 9C.N- # # -A+ 5 # k # $ 0 -;+ 5 # # 9C.- # -;+ 0 5 ' G 0-A7 # 0 L 0 5 # +-=</+C97J4 kk
P[0N4;0 # + 5  "  C+ 5 ' 5 -/H. G .^P(' 5ML . #  + 5ML 4;+      RN40  9C0N4 L 0 5 #  # $ k P[0N4;0^+ G 9.'[0 G 9C.- #  
 z z  z

-;+ 5 #   ED  5ML . 5 9C+- k #  $

O   O

EDg.N68.
$ 0  $ 0 k L + 5 +C61.- ' 5 -[H. G .I+ $`L 4;+68.Q</+

# $,+ 5ML 4;+  ik + 5 #  # $ P/0N40 # + 5  "   D  +C61.- + 5ML . 5 9C+- 9'/+  k P[0N4;0 #
O O O O

+ 5Z "   D  +C9.4;</+68.N-9 'E+K-;. G 0N68+ 5ML + L + 5 +68.N-' 5 0N4;9. </+K9C7(9 G .7J</+ k +-</+C97J4 # +C- L H0 + 5  " # D $
YO  O  O  O

 O  O

 G 9 0N61P3.C9'/+:.) L + 5 +C61.-=+C-=9C+ 5 L 40 G 9. 5 @B. 9C.+ 5 O " O
$D  </+6 H0 -

0        $   O




@l040ZP . </+4K9C. 5 9 G '/7(4 
9 '/+:.) L + 5 +68.N- ' 5 I 6 > H 5 7J61.\R G .)[0 G*k + 5 G 0 5 .4A6U0  k E < +33+C61.-K+C- L '/</7J0N4K+ G
@ ' 5 97J. 5 0 G 9C+4;9C01</+  0 O k  0: 9 '/+T0 < > H +C^ - -;7 5 R)' G N
0 4CD8@!.4=+ G 61
. 61+ 5ML . L + 5 + 68.N- 9'/+ x
  

 ) O 
  
  ?   ? 

  


DC"/ DC $ "  DC"

 LC $4$ "
 $

0
K O

P[0N4;0   DC"
 LC $4$ AC ED
O

 -;0N4;+68.N-^+ G -;7(R)'/7J+ 5ML +:0N4AR)'/61+ 5ML ./D  +C9.4;<E+C61.-A9 'E+ G 0Z7 5ML +R40 G 7 5 _0N4;7J0 5ML +O</+ ^7 G 3+C4 L  x

  $ 0  z   C 

   $

+C-=7 5 </+CP3+ 5 </7J+ 5 L +T<E+ G 9 0687 5 .  + 5 L 4;+ </.-=P(' 5ML .-=</+ G P G 0 5 . _N+C4  D  D  $
D

 9'#> H  0
 z    $       k 9. 5
0

0         $   c D @!.4 G . L 0 5ML . k

 0 z        $   "   
0 }z 
 $ 
+C-=</+9C7(4 k

 0 
 $      5

z z

;< .40P[0N4;019.'[0 G 9'/7(+C4=93'E4A_0 /

 DC $g9. 5 /  O
$ 0 O k / 1v $ 0 w\k[L . 68+68.N- G .-=-;7(R)'/7(+ 5ML +-]9C0N687 5 .-
     k ' 5 7J+ 5 </. G .-KP(' 5 L .-  " H  $4$  1v*" w $ _NC+ 4  R)/
' 4;0 D  $ D

D + 5 +68.-   $ 0    $1   $ 0  


LC"B& DC $ "
   LC $4$ C D  + 0    $ 0  

DC""  
$  C D

D + 5 +68.-

   $     $ 0    $   $ 0    $    $  $
z z z z


"/ $ " "
 $4$ "
 $$   $

 
0 K DC DC
 DC LC DC C z

</. 5 </+ '/-0N61.- G 0\@NH. 4;6' G 0?</+]7 G 3+C4 L _+4  D D $

D  

ε a x
y1 (ε )

σ ∼
γ
y0 (ε )
A

γ
y
 7JR/D D

 . L +C61.- 9'/+ 9C.61. LC""  

$ MPO  K MaO k + 5 L . 5 9+C-

 

     } 

  





 )

  $    $   B $  $
M M z

</. 5 </+  $ 0      

 
9C. 5
  
0   " $        "  $  $    k </. 5 </+  
"  $S+C-^+ G 9C0N61P .+ 5  "  $ k +C-=</+9C7(4 k P[0N4;0 / DC $
C+ -   L C $
D @!+ 4;.

 / DC $   


"  $ 0 0 0 
-;+ 5 ) 9.-)$K5

 z
 C   C

 
 .61. h h J     k h 1$ h J h          h 0
g   
h /  $   z B
 2  $    h D  5ML . 5 C9 +- G 7J6  
$ 0 O k

P[0N4;0 G 0Z9C7(9 G N

93'/0 5 </. ]L J7 + 5 </+Z0AO`D  <E+C6 NH0 -     $ L 7J+ 5 </+Z0
. 7J</+ kEG 0?7 5ML +CRN40 G +-=C9 . 5 _+4;R+ 5ML +ND
 B $^93'/0 5 </. ]L J7 + 5 / < +Z0AO k  0 9 'E? + _`7(68.N- 9'/+ k

 5ML . 5 9+C-   $  B $ k B

M 6 > H 5 7(68. ' H 5 7(9C.$ P/0N40 G 0 5 .N4;680
+C-A' 5 Q 

D

ε a x

y (ε ) z
A
z
σ
y (ε )
0
z
y
 7JR/D D

 %VMWXVMW #"  @!0N40 + G 9 0-;. </+ G 0-4'EP +4  97J+ </+ 4A+_. G '/97cH. 5#k -A+ + 5 9. 5ML 4[H. ' 5 0 @X0N687 G 7J0 </+

-;. G '/97J. 5 +- 9C0 L + 5 0N4;7J0N- $g<E+ G ?
0 @B.4;680

/ DC" $ 0 w 9C.- <  CG 9C.N- < $ w   i9C.- <

_N+C4^+ G +
+C61P G .   D D $D

S0 G 93' G 0N4 

 P/4;.B[0N4 9'/+:P[0N4;0:' 5 Z 0 </+ G 0N-S-A. G 'E9C7J. 5 +C-K.) L + 5 7J<[0N-=+ G +
+ 4;9C7(9C7(.  D D k ;- +:.) L J7 + 5 +

' 5 Q 6 > H 5 7J61. G . 9 0 G P[040 G 0 5 .4;680  +C- L . </+P + 5 </+?</+ G -A7JR 5 U
. </+ $D S  0 G 9.' G 04 D  7  0 w\k
 0 /  1v $ " w 0 / O
$$ k < 0N9C+4^+ G +C- L '/</(7 .89.61P G + L ./D  

 %VMWXVMW#"  g.61P G + L 0N4 L . </.- G .-K+
+C61P G .N-  +
+4;9C7(9C7(.-K</+ G 0N- 5 . L 0N-D
) 
  
  ?   ? 
  


 5 9C. 5 9 G '/-;7 H. 5 7 5 _ 7 L 0N61.-10 G^G +C9 L .480 _N. G _N+C4 0 G ++C4 G 07 5ML 4;. <('/99C7 H. 5 
' RM0N4UP3.4H+ G 687(-;61./D
 E < +C6 NH0 - G .:7 5 _ 7 L 0N68.N- 0 9.68P G + L 0N4i-'/- 9. 5 . 9C7(687(+ 5ML .- k _ 7J+ 5 </. ' 5 ('/+ 5UG 7 /4A. 9C.61.:+ G </+ D 4A). ' L
680 5#k 0Z</7Y_+4;-;7  9 04 G .N-K+ 5 + G +- L '/</7J.</+:P/4A.) G +C680N-S9C. 5 _0N4A7>0N- _N04;7>0 G +- k + 5 +-;P3+C97>0 G + 5 + G#G !7 /4;.
</+ 
+ L .N4  - k  0\P/4A.N@ ' 5 </7 0N4 G .- 9C. 5 + G +C- L '/<E7J.Z</+O<E+C-;7(R)'[0 G <[0N</+-g_0N4;7J0N9C7(. 5 0 G +C- k 4A+@B+4;+ 5 9C7>0-  
  O  D

    


                 

 5 +C- L + G 7 E4;. P[0N4 L 7J61.-</+ ' 5 @ ' 5 9C7J. 5 0 G  _ 7J61.-9'/+ ' 5 P(' 5 L .94 > H L 7J9. +-U-;. G '/97cH. 5 </+ ' 5 0
+C9.'[0N97cH. 5 </7Y@B+C4;+ 5 9C7J0 G D  .- 6H+ L .`</.N-O</7J4A+C9 L . - + 5 aH0 G 93' G .a</+  0N4A7>0N97J. 5 +C-,9. 5 -A7J- L
 + 5 + 5 < 0N9+C4:+ G
4;+9C.4A4;7(</.\7 5 _N+C4A-;. x P[04 L 7(4 </+ ' 5 0 +C9.'[0N9C7 H. 5 </7Y@B+C4A+ 5 97>0 G*k <E+ L 7(P . + G > H P L 7J9. G 7 5 +C0 G . 5 . G75 + 0 G*kMGJG +RM0N4
0' 5 @ ' 5 9C7(. 5 0 G + 5 +C4AR[> H 0aP3.4 +
+68P G .$  0 
5 0 G 7 04 G 0 +93'[09C7cH. 5 </7Y@B+C4A+ 5 97>0 G 0 P/0N4 L 7J4O</+ G +C- L '/</7(.
</+ G @ ' 5 9C7(. 5 0 G D

 G P/4;.PKH. -;7 L . </+,+- L 0- 5 . L 0N-j+C-g+ G <[0N4 ' 5 0T7 5ML 4;. <('/99C7 H. 5 0:+C- L .- 6H+ L . </.-j6'  P3.`<E+C4;.N-;.-  6 H0 -
61.`</+4 5 .N- k + 5 + G 9 N 0 -A.I6 NH0 -:-;+ 5 9C7 GJG . k +-T<E+C9C7(4:+ G </+ G 0N-:+C9.'[0N97J. 5 +-T<E7(@B+C4A+ 5 97>0 G +C-:.4A</7 5 04;7>0- G 0

L +.4C> H 0?</+ L 'E4;6  J7 .)'`_`7 GJG +2$  k </+:P[0N-A. k <[0N4K. L 40ZP/4'/+3/08</+ G1D +.4;+6U0Z</+ G  5 </7J9+:</+ Q.4;-A+ND 
@ 040TPE4;.) G +C680N-j</+ [5 7J</.- -;.)E4;+;' 5 7 5ML +C4A_0 G .  0 k *k`G .- +-;P[09C7J.N-g6 NH0 - 7(<=H. 5 +.-jP[0N40 G .- 6H+ L .`</.N-
l

</7(4;+C9 L .-=-A. 5QG .-S+-;P[0N97J.-=</+ `.)3. G + _

!  *"  0#"%$

 v DC '& $ )& ( +* E ,  h $  -  $ h /( . 10
243 5
$l9. 5 DC C


 +. +-;R)'E+C-    *"  +C-65 (  *"  5

 9'/7 -A+ L 40 L 0Z</+:7 5ML +R40 G </+ v v

- L .- C+ -AP[0N9C7(.- ;- . 5 9.61P G + L .-  9C. 5 P/4A.`<='/9 L .a+C-;9C0 G 04 k +- <E+C9C7(4O-;. 5 +-;P[09C7J.N- </+ ]7 G 3+C4 L  +4 
87 97

+C61P G .N- 
D D   D ND
$D

:!; =<?>  5 + - L + N0 P H+ 5 </7(9C+-4'/P3. 5 /< 4A+C61.- C9 . 5 . C9 7(</.- k . 3 P .4 G . 68+ 5 .- 5 . -;.4AP/4;+ 5 </+ 5ML +C- kTG .-
4;+-4' YG L 0N<E.-=6 NH0 -K+ G + 68+ 5 L 0 G +-K</+ 0 5 H0 G 7J-A7J-  </\
+ 0 5 H0 G 7(-;7(- @ ' 5 9 7J. 5 0 G D

A@ CB k/G . 9 0 G 68+ 5ML +O7 5 L +CR4;0B G + kEL 0 G 9'/+

;< .40?/7(+ 5#k -A7 I+C- G .`9C0 G 61+ 5ML +,7 5ML +R40B G +  -A7 + $ 7J- L +

* E B ) . 0 7H$  * E @ )    .
C z C

P[0N4;0 L . <[0 ) + 5D E  *"  " -A+</7J9+C9'/+FBQ+C-HGJILK WNMO< G < GQI P lWX <E+R@ k . + 5 + G -;+ 5 L 7J</. </+SG W  K WUT
 

!VMW ;  I  D G 0N4;RB'/68+ 5ML . </+ G#D +C.4A+C680 

D971P3+C4;617 L +P/4;.)/0N4 9'/+1-;7V@  B +- L H0 5 + 5 5 (  *"  "
v u

us v

) 
)

  
         
!"" 
6B GJILK WNMO< G <$# ILK  I </+C@ k +-^<E+C9C7(4 @I+C- L H0 + 5  E *"  5
+ 5ML . 5 9C+- U+C- |s v

 E < +C6 NH0 - k P[040 93'/0 G 9'/7(+C4T@ ' 5 9C7 H. 5 @ k 9C. 5ML 7 5 '[0N61+ 5ML + <E7(@B+C4A+ 5 97>0B G + k ' 5 . L 7(+ 5 + G 0I</+-;7(R)'[0 G <[0N< k
P[0N4;0 &% C x

@
h   $ z @ DC $ h 0
''
'' *  @)( .+* '''
'
J h z h 
C (, *  )@ ( ().-*/.  ( J h z h 
C (& @ &  5
'  '
@!.N4 G . L 0 5ML . k -A7 8+C- L T @ 
H0 + 5  
 v*"  " 'E-0 5 <E.T+ G < +C9 < . 9 'E+ k P3.4 9C. 5 - L 44'/99C7cH. 5#k D i+C-j</+ 5 -A.\+ 5   k
' 5 .1.) L 7J+ 5 +  9 '/+

D 
 (  *" 
   v*" 10 v

+C-=</+9C7(4 kEL .`</.Z+ G +68+ 5 L .</+   +C-=9C. 5 L 7 5 '/.</+

 . 2 G </+4S9C. 5 + $ P3. 5 + 5ML + S743 D# 5 P[0N4 L 7J9.' G 04 k ' 5 0
@
@ ' 5 97cH. 5 1+ 5  
 v*"  +-j9. 5ML 7 5 '/0  -;+=P('E+C</+ < 0B G 0N4!</+ G _0 G .4l<E+ U+ 5 @ ' 5 P(' 5 L ./D  </+C6 NH0 - kL .`</0
4- 'E9C+C-A7cH. 5 0N9C. L 0N<[0 + 5  -;+4[H0 ' 5 7(@B.4A68+68+ 5ML +=9C. 5ML 7 5 '[0  ' 5 7(@B.4A68+68+ 5ML +^0N9C. L 0N<[0 + 5

D
k  P .N4

G . L 0 5 L . k P .4^+ G D +C.4A+C680U</+  4 + G 0  -A9C. G 7 k/L + 5 </4/H0 ' 5 01-4'(E-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5 9C. 5 _N+C4;RN+ 5ML +Z+ 5

D
5/- L +
+C- ' 5 9 0N-A.?P[0N4 L 7(93' G 0N4 <E+ G L +C.4A+C680T</+ V 65  [VMW ; < G<G GI I 87 *XWX:V 9 k 687(+ 5ML 4;0N- 9 'E+ G 0T7 5 9 G '/-;7 H. 5 </+
1D (
  + 5


 +C-A' 5 9 0-;.1P[0N4 L 7J9.' G 0N4g</+ G#L +C.4A+C680<E+  HI < I G I ; ; I M V  <; u D

- L .87(68P G 7J9C0 9'/+ + G 4- '= +-;P[0N97J.

    v*"   0 +" @
>=    v*"  "  v $ 0  $ 0 O " @ @ 3
+C- ' 5 -'(3+C-;P/0N9C7(.a9C+C4A40N<E. <E+   "6 P .N4 G . L 0 5ML .a+- / 
< + ]7 G 3+C4 L D  </+ 6 H0 - k P3.4 G 0U</+C-A7JR)'/0 G <[0<
0 5ML +4;7(.4 kML .N6U0 5 </.? 0 v 9. 5 v $ 0 O " L + 5 +C1 @
6 .- G 0  WA@ s [ W !V G I < G < G GJI ; < K I P
 +4 
+C61P G .
87
1 r

 D D  $

& @ &)( J D & @( &)( "

P[0N4;0 L .`<E. !@
+ 5    v*"  " G . 9 'E+87(68P G 7J9C0 9'/+ & @ ( &  +C- ' 5 0 5 .4A6U0 k + 5   k +.9 'E7(_0 G + 5ML +80 G 0
5 .4A6U0?<E+   5

87 87
 .61. + 5 + GD + .4;+6U0   D D k -;7 B + 5   +C- ' 5 P(' 5ML . 9C4C> H L 7(9C. </+
g   $ 0  CE B ? "" ( $ . ? " +-
</+9C7J4 k -;7 + -
B   D 

* E
B  
B 
 ($ .? 0 O "

P[0N4;0 L . <[0  + 5     v*"  " + 5ML . 5 C9 +-

 
L 7(+ 5 T

+ </+C4A7(_0N<[0U+ 5 7(R)'[0 G 0 5(
B " + 5 . L 40N-]P[0 G 0 /40N- k G 0
+C.9 '[0N97cH. 5 </+' G +C4^+C-]_gH0 G 7J<[0+ 5
B ( 5(
D @  .4^. L ;4 08P[0N4 L + -;+TP('/+C<E+?P/4;.B[0N4 k 9 .68.1+ 5IG 0C@ 4A.P3.-;7(9C7cH. 5
87 87
  D D k 9 'E+,-;7 +C- D( 
B   ? " B3" W ( $NM   % O " + 5ML . 5 9+C-   +- L H0 + 5   v*" Ix +C- L .T+C- ' 5 9 0N-A. (
B
P[0N4 L 7(39 ' G 0N4 </+ G#D +C.4A+C680Q</+   @ sSK I < K G < G+GJI ; V:9 @s < GJILK
 4;+.9'/7J+4;+U<E+U0 G R)' 5 0- +- L 7J680N9C7(. 5 +C-
6 NH0 -K</+ G 7J9C0N<[0N-D

 ILK ; VMWXVMW ED "GF > 

;- 0 5 </. G . 0 5ML +C4A7J.4 k + 5 9C. 5ML 4;0N4 + G C9 .61P G +C61+ 5ML 
. .4 L .R. 5 0 G / < +     v*"   + 5
 
  *
v " 
  " + C - /
< C
+ 
9 J
7 g
4 + G 
9 . 5
' M
5 L . \ /
< + (IH 
+ 5 
  
v " 
  @
L 0 G C
+ - 9 ' E +
E
  ( ( 0
 $ ? O " [
P . </.  + 5
0 40 L `  @ @ .
   v*"  5
 )B

 C+ -AP(' H+ -j<E+S+C- L .- ;4 +-4' GYL 0N<E.-iP/4A+ G 7(687 5 0N4A+C- P . </+C61.-!9C. 5 -A7J</+40N4+ G P/4A.) G +C680,</+ L '/4;6  7J.B'E_ 7 GJG + 
+ 5 + G 9. 5ML + $`L .U</+ G1D +.4;+6U0  D  D k +-^<E+C9C7(4=+ G +C- L '/<E7J.</+ G .NP +40N</.N4K</7(@B+4;+ 5 9C7>0 G

0 z 
( $ ( z w { z w $ )(  D zUw ( { $
P[0N4;08_+9 L .4;+- ?6$,+ 5   " 9 . 5 v $ 0  $ 0 O " L 0 G 9 'E+ w\k
 -;+C0 5 6U0 L 4;7(9C+- 
 k D
9C. 5
 w </+:9 G 0 -;+ D
 "
{ 0
" { 0 D D ? $g+C-=</+ [5 7(<[01P3.-A7 L 7Y_?

 6 0 P[0N40 L `. <[0?I+ 5  v*"  5

0 1+- G 0?+C9.'[0N9C7 H. 5 _N04;7>09C7J. 5 0 G <E+ G @ ' 5 97J. 5 0 G

O

 $ 0 * 
E { .?
0 * E ( {
(
B { w (
) { D $. ? "

0N-A.`97>0N<[0Z0 G 0\@B.N4;680/7 G 7 5 C+ 0 
G  $  "  $ 0 E 
 { . ? " 9C. 5
 "  $ 0 * E  ( {
( :{ :
w (  ( { w { ? 5
:{ $  .
 +j+C- L 0' H GYL 7J680g@H. 4A6' G 0=+C-!7 5 61+C<E7>0 L .=_N+C4G9 'E+ "  $ 0

  " $ " +C-l<E+C9C7(4G9'/+ +C-G' 5 .NP +40N</.N4
5 (

;- 7(6H+ L 4A7J9C.Z9. 5 4;+C-AP +9 L .U0 G PE4;. <('/9 L .C+ -;9C0 G 04^<E+ 5
D(
5("
@!. </+68.- + 5ML . 5 C9 +-K9C. 5 -A7J</+40N4g0 G .P3+C40</.4 C9 .61. ' 5   v*"  v $ 0  $ 0
3 !D
. P +40N<E.4g</+
O + 5

* " "
   .9 .68.:' 5 .P3+C4;0N</.4=0B' L .M0N<
' M
v *
v " *
v "
5 L .</+          + 5  v*"   5 (
 I I K;
 - L '/</7>04;+C61.-?+ G C  V  < +
/ " + -?</+C97J4?+ G 9C. 5
' 5ML . </+ (H L 0 G 9'/+ 0  L 7(+ 5 + ' 5 0
-;. G '/97cH. 5a5 . L 4A7(_ 7>0 G C9 . 5 1v $ 0  $ 0 O=5

`7 +- L .1-4'E9C+C<E+ k I+C-A' 5 MO<[ ; K  K ; !W ;

  ' 5 M I V  ; K  K ; !W ; D
 . L +C61.-9'/+ + G C9 . 5
' M 5 L . </+ _+9 L  . 4;+-1PE4;.P/7(.-Z0N-A.`97>0N<E.-Z0' 5  +-?' 5 C+ -;P/0N9C7(. _N+C9 L .4A7>0 G / < +
</7(68+ 5 -;7 H. 5 0 G .K6 H0 - -;+ L ;4 0 L 0K</+#' 5 -;7(- L +C680=<E+j+93'[09C7J. 5 +C- </7(@B+4;+ 5 9C7J0 G +- $ G(G 0N680N</. z  $ 5 
 . L +C61.- L 06/7
H+ 5  9 '/+ + G C+ -AP +9 L 4;. </+ +- 0N9. L 0</. 7 5 @B+C4A7J.4A68+ 5ML + x + 5 +@B+9 L . k + $ 7J- L + ' 5 0
9C. 5 - L 0 5ML + P .-A7 L 7(_0  L 0 G 9 'E+

( {
( M  h ( h( "
 k 'E-0 5 <E. G 0?9C. 5ML 7 5 '/7J<[0<Q</+ w  k -;+ L 7J+ 5 +D
h { w (  { D? h J  h ( h(     h h  ( (
h h $ "
P[0N4;0 L . </. "%
 O 5*-;9C.NR7J+ 5 </. 
0   " -;+ L 7J+ 5 + 9'/+

* E { ! $ .? 0  $1! * E h h (). ? % 

D &= &)( % O "

P[0N4;0

5 .17J</+ 5 L 7J9C0N68+ 5ML + C+4;.   ! -4'  97J+ 5 L +C61+ 5ML +TR40 5 </+ND


" L 4;0N-=P/4;.PE7J+C</0N</+C-=-A+ 5 97 GJG 0N-S-A. 5QG 0N-K-;7(R)'/7(+ 5ML +- x

 )

  
         
!"" 
 I5 5 < D "F >
 ^   z   $   
z  $ 
  b 


5 (   0 15

 "!  0 $ 
#
%$ $ & ' 

(
5 (    5

) +* -, K I <?> `7 0    0   " + 5ML . 5 9+C-

 "  $ 0 * E /
 . .? 0  * E 
 . .?

 
 " $ 0  * E  . . ?5

@l040  0  " G 0 ' H 5 7J9C0ZP .-A7 /7 G 7(<[0N<U+- E 
 . .? 010 5
@l040. L 4;0P/0N4 L + k -A7 $ " + 5ML . 5 9+C-
0

* E /. $ . ? 0 

 "  $ 0   " $ 0 * 
E .  .?"
+ 5 P[0N4 L 7(93' G 0N4 k -;7  +C- L  H0 + 5   " +C- L ._0 G + 0 5
ZD KD  D

 0T7(68P G 7J9C0N9C7 H. 5 7 5 _N+C4;-;0\</+ 32 $+C- G 0 [  < ILK J< cW M < G I54AK I G 9 ; 5  -;+C4/\H0 P/4A.)[0N<[0:6 NH0 -g0</+ G 0 5ML +ND
 5ML +C- kl5 . L +68.N- 9'/+ G 0a@B.4;680/7 G 7 5 +C0 G  " $ +C- L H0 /7(+ 5 </+ [5 7J<[0  0N9C. L 0N<[0 P[0N4;0  + 5
 

  7 6 "    9 'E+\-[H. G . L .680 G 0?@B.4;680  * E /. . ? -;7 +- L 1H0 + 5  ( 76 "  " +C-]</+C97J4 k + G </.617 5 7(.Z</+
 +-]6 NH0 -KR4;0 5 </+  9 '/+:+ G <E.687 5 7J.\</+ 
5 @!.4=. L 40ZP[0N4 L + k -;7
* + 5    86 "  +C- L 0 G 9'/+

 "  $:9 * E ;
 . $.? 010 "
P[0N4;0 L .`</.  + 5   76 "  " +C-T</+C97J4 ;- 7 +C- ' 5 P(' 5ML . 9C4C> H L 7(9C. </+ G @ ' 5 9C7J. 5 0 G

 $<9  Ek -;+ . L $ 7J+ . 5 ? + "

. 4;+C680\</+,4;+CRB' G 0N4A7J<[0< 9'/+  0 < +C61.-S61+ 5
+ 5ML . 5 9C+- k </+./7J<E.Z0 G 0:_+C4A-;7 H. 5 </+ G3L +CN 97J. 5 0</.
9'/+ +- L H0 + 5  76  "  0 + 5 (
5 @!0N40 P3.`<E+C4 +- L 'E</7>0N4 G 0+ $ 7(- L + $ 5( 5 97>0 </+  -'/-
P/4A.P/7J+<[0N</+-=9C.61.Z@ ' 5 9C7 H. 5 </+ k/5 +9C+-;7 L 0N61.-^0 G R)' 5 .-K4;+-4' GYL 0N<E.-K</+T0 5 H0 G 7J-;7(- $ @ ' 5 9C7J. 5 0 GD

= I;KI5 < I  K I  I  =<[VMW ; P  GJI87 W I ?>[" !   @

ABC $3ED GF;HJI (C5 @
LK @
%$3


D G" F > 7
MH
%
N$
#OH
@ & 
I? P  5RQS
#
%$&TUV @
X@ W
#3$LYZ
 3
\[ @ 65 $ 0 " Y $]BC
^V?D 

 5`_aD bcW  & Y & 0 & 5 & 5

K I < 
) +* -, " `+ 0 ! 0 " 5
ed $ 0f0 0   5! '/+C</0I9 G 0N4;. 9'/+ ! +C- ' 5 4- '= +-;P[0N97J. G 7 5 + 0 G 3 5
H5
9C+4;4;0N</.1</+ P3.4 G 0Z9. 5ML 7 5 '/7(<[0N<$D `+ 0 !hg -4' 9C.61P G +C61+ 5ML ..4 L .R. 5 0 G D `7 5 .1+C-=7(</+ 5ML 7(9 0 V  5
61+ 5ML + 0 k + 5ML . 5 9 +C-^+ $ 7J- L +  + 5 !ig k 9C. 5  0h0 +C-A' 5 +C-;9C0 G 04 $
D#@!0N40Z9.'[0 G 9'/7(+C4K. L 4;. + 5

5
 2

h g k L + 5 </4;+68.- k [ 65
P 0N4;0  0 9  2"  5
9 '/+    $ 0i0 " + -K</+C97J4  C5     +- L Z H0 + 5 
H7
! !
 
+ 5 !hg k 3 P .4 G . L 0 5ML .    0h0 " + 5 . L 4 0N-=P[0 G 0B/4;0N- G 0 <E7J61+ 5 A- 7cH. 5 </+ !hg +C- )5

;< .40?/7(+ 5#k '/-;0 5 </. G 0?<E+C-;9.61P .-A7J97cH. 5 .4 L .R. 5 0 G

 0 ! ! g8"

L . /< . + 5  A- +\+C-A9C4A7 3+T9.68. 0    " 9. 5 + 5   0 "  $4 O  & &( 5 5 L . 5 9+C-
5 5
  !
0   0 " Y-$ " </+ /5 7J+ 5 </.

Y 0  5   ^  & &)( 5
 0 ' 5 7J97J<[0<Z</+aY3_ J7 + 5 +=</+ G < + 9 < . </+A9 'E+^-A7 5 0 " Y $ 0
 (  (
" Y $ " + 5ML . 5 9+C-SY 9 Y +C- .4 L .RN. 5 0 G
0 L . </. + 5   P3 . 4 G. L 0 5 L . 0 5

 7 5 0 G 61+ 5ML + k h 5 h J U & && & Y " G .Q93'[0 G (7 68P G 7J9C0 9'/+ & 5 &J & Y & 5 @!.N4\. L 40 P[0N4 L + k h Y h 0 5 &
Y &(J & 5 && Y & " PE4;.)[0 5 </. G 0ZJ7 RB'[0 G </0N< </+ G 0- 5 .4;680N-D

ZD KD  D


 +CR4A+C-;+68.N-]0 $  L .68+68.N- -'  9C7(+ 5ML +68+ 5ML + R40 5 </+:P[0N40?9'/+ 2  $1!  E h h (

D& & (
!

= 5

 + /5 0N61.-K+ 5ML . 5 C9 +-

"  $ 0  "  $1! * E . .?"

&^ &)( 0 " $85


@ .N4 G 0 /
! < +-;7JRB'[0 G </0N<0 5ML +4;7J.N4  + G < +C9 < . 9'/+ I  J Q & &( D & &(
" 9'/+<[09 G 0N4A.9'/+ Q  & &
</+ [5 + ' 5 0 5 .4A6U0?+.9 'E7(_0 G + 5ML + 0 ^ & & 
. +C-A9 0 G 0N4 "  $5*- L 01+-
;- .B/4;+   76 "   " 9. 5 P/4;. <('/9 L 
G0  ; K < G I1I ILK P <
5  @ D 

= I;KI < < K<

5 D (" '#"  
XW A@ 5 "  G @ ' 5 9C7(. 5 0 G B 6$ 0  @ & & ( 9 2  E $ .  $ . ? L 7J+ 5 +:' 5 ' H 5 7J9.
6 0N</. G 0  * VMW  @ 
6Q> H 5 7(68.  + 5    76 "  " G(G 0N8 [*W > ; ; P I ILK < < G < <E+ !

0 $5
K I < " g. 5 -;7(</+C4A+C61.-=+ G @ ' 5 9C7J. 5 0 G 5 $ 0  E $ . . ? -A.)/4;+    76 "  5
) +* -,

 G 040N61+ 5ML +5 $]+C-;' 5 @ ' 5 97J. 5 0 G!G 7 5 +C0 G 0N9C. L 0N</. k P3.4 G . L 0 5ML . 9. 5ML 7 5 '/.ED @!.N4O+ G D +.4;+6U08</+
 7J+C-  k + $ 7(- L + ' 5 ' H 5 7(9C.  + 5    L 0 G 9'/+

5 $ 0 "  $ 0 " $ $

</. 5 </+ " $ $ 0 E . $ . ?5  <E+C6 NH0 - ^ &  & IJ & $ & " L .680 5 </. 0  5( 5ML . 5 9C+-

 2 
  
         
!"" 

B $ 0 &] &)( 9 2( "  $  0 ^ & 9  &)( 9 ]&  &)(

0 B  $4 = 9   5 & &)(
@!.N4 G . L 0 5ML . L 7J+ 5 + ' 5 6I> H 5 7J61.?+ 5   +C- L +:+C-' H 5 7J9./D
B
ZD KD  D

 . L +C61.- 9'/+ k P .N4O+ G8D +C.N4;+C680 </+?4A+CR)' G 0N4A7J<[0N< k  +C- ' 5 0 -A. G 'E9C7cH. 5 @ '/+C4 L + + 5 + G 9 0N-A. <E+?6 H0 -
_0N4;7J0B G +C-?+- L + +-?' 5 P=' 5ML . 5 . L 4A7(_ 7>0 G $
D @!.N4Z. L 4;0 P[0N4 L + kjG 0I4A+ G 0N9C7 H. 5 "  $ 0 " $TP[0N4;0 $
L . </. + 5    " 9. 5  ' H 5 7J9. k P3+C4;617 L + </+ /5 7J4 ' 5 .P +40N<E.4  0
9 G 0N4068+ 5 L + G 7 5 + 0 G  k 9C.61. J & $ & &$ &
" L 7(+ 5 + 5 .N4;68080 G .6 NH0 -

7 $ H5 ( " </+
D  G .P3+C4;0N</.4
+ 5    " + G 93'[0 G +-
-;+ GJG 06U0
+ G  A; ILK < G ; K GJI K ILI  k  3
P 
. K
4 + G1D C
+ N
. ;
4 C
+ 8
6 Z
0 </+:4;+R)' G 04;7J</0N< k +-^0N9C. H5 (
0L N</.</+ + 5  (    " +-
</+9C7J4K+-]+ G .P3+C40</.4 W  </+ ! 5 MIK ; 
 I <
5 D "J'#" <Q B#  D  $b EB#  D  aD   V5 ( 
R5 (  
Z @ V? D @
#/ $bZBC $  ZD $H
b

D 5$
@ # 

V " $  D  E
$bZBC $  

) +* -, K I < " `+ 0  0 $  

" + 5ML . 5 9C+-]</+
0 G 0?7(R)'[0 G <[0N<9'/+:</+ [5 +T0 L + 5 +C61.-A9'/+


" $ $ 
" $ $ 
"H   $ $ $

 $ 
" $ $ 0
" $ $ "
0 0 !

0 4 !

</. 5 / < +O-;+;'/-[Z H. + G < +9 < .?9'/+  ! +C-K0B' L .M0N<
' 5ML .  +C-S+ G 7 5 _N+C4A-;.Z</+ 
5 @!.N4g. L 40\P[04 L + k -A7 $ .
+CA - ' 5 01-'/9C+-;7cH. 5 0N9. L 0<[0Z+ 5 k + M
5 L . 5 9+C- + ' 
 5 5
5(
0 -'/9C+-;7 H. 5 09C. L 0N<[0Z+ 5    P .N4 G . L 0 5 L $
+ 5 !D (


  5 D + 5 </4;+68.N-^+ 5ML . 5 9+C- ' 5  0 -4'(E-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5 9 . 5 _+ 4;R+ 5 L +\+ 5


 k 9C. 5 6 NH0 -K40 #H. 5#k + 5 D  5 (5
ZD KD  D

 I5 5 < D "JF >  
  % 9! "    0 

 ! $    
#
%$

V  0  (& E 0  5

VI  9   $ 40 $ (& E  0  5 9 $ $
$  

'  9   $ E$   D  @
% 3
%J D  $bZB# 3$#W
 ' 



5 ( 86 "  0   9  $  0 5 R. 9  $5

K I < 
) +* -, " `7 9   $ 0 $ + 5ML . 5 9C+C-  $ 0 ? !  ! $  $5  P G 7(9 0 5 </. -;+ .) L 7J+ 5 +
*$  0
$ k 9C. 5 $ 0h0 5* 5 P[0N4 L 7J9.' G 04 G .- 5 '/9 G +.-=-;. 5 7JR)'/0 G +-  G .N-K40 5 NR .-=-;. 5 J7 -A.68.N4A@B.-D
 2

@l040P/4;.)/0N4 9&$ k -4'EP . 5 RM0N61.- 9'/+ L + 5 +68.N- ' 5 0-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5 + 5 + G 40 5 R.9C. 5 _+4;R7(+ 5 <E.U0  d

9   $ 
 5
`7 &
J & D
" + 5ML . 5 9C+C-8P N . 4 G 0 9.61P[0N9C7(<[0N< </+ k + $ 7(- L + ' 5 0 -4'(E-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5 9. 5
 

9C. 5 _N+C4AR7J+ 5 </.80 5*@ .4 SB 
9C. 5 _N+C4AR+\0 0 L9  $4   k P3.4 G 0Z9C. 5 L 7 5 '/7(<[0N< </+
 B 

" 3
G. L 0 5 L . -A+
L 7(+ 5 A + 9'/+ 9  $ 0  
 " +- </+9C7(4j+ G 40 5 RN.T+-g9C+4;4;0N</./D@ .4j. L 4;0 P[04 L + k -;7
 5
.T+-g0N9. L 0<[0
P3.`</+68.N-S-4'/P3. 5 +4 9'/+ +C- L Z H0 + 5 + G 9C.N68P G +C61+ 5ML .\.4 L .R. 5 0 G 9C+C4A40N<E.$g</+   9  $  9'/+ 
 &
+C- L 0 & 
G 9'/+ 
9  $ 9. 5 _+4;R+\0 0 5 G 40 . 5 0N617J+ 5ML .80 5ML +C4A7J.4K7(68P G 7J9C09'/+ 
 0  O 
& & 7 


9C. 5 _+4;R+ 0  " 9C. 5 

 
.4 L .R. 5 0 G 0   9 

0 9  $ 0X0 kiG .I93'[0 G 9C. 5ML 40N</7(9C+8+ G < +C9 < . 9'/+ +-
AB
 $K5  7 5 0 G 61+ 5ML + k -A7 +C-=.4 L .RN. 5 0 G 0  0 5 R. 9  $ k + 5ML . 5 9C+- 
 9   $ @ " B $ 0 @ "H 9   $ B=$ 010 "
P[0N4;0 L . </. I+ 5 F@ 5(  k P .N4 G . L 0 5ML . k 9   $ B 0h0 5
ZD KD  D

= I ; K I 5 < D "(F > D  ILK  < &WNMO< GJI 4AK I G 9 ; 5 "  $ @  $#W
$ " 
5 ( " O3
%E  @ $#W


 ( 76 "     76 "   & & $   ' 

  
5 ( 
0
   5

K I <
) +* -, " @!.4g+ G3G +C680\0 5 L C+ 4A7J.4 k 0 45 $ ( " -;7 0  -A. G .T -;7 9     9 $ " +C-^$ </+C0 97J4  k P[0N$ 4" 0R9CB. 5 + 5  0 !   k  C+ - L .

P[0N-;01-A7  ;- . G .Z-;7 +C-=.4 L .RN. 5 0 G*k + 5 $    9  $

0 0 $ " B $ 0 $ " @6$ 0  $ " B=$K5

ZD KD  D

@l040:' 5 .NP +40N</.N4=0N9C. L 0N</. k -;+:</+ [5 + -4' 5 .4A6U0?9.68.

& &0 & ? &5


-'/P
 &? &
 5 + G 9 0N-A.8<E+ G .P3+C4;0N</.4K</+

;4 ++ 5 -;+ L 7J+ 5 + + G -A7JR)'E7J+ 5ML + ;4 +C-' G(L N
0 </.

 I5 < D " " & &0 -'/P


 
    0
 & & 
&%bcW G'


D LD "  
 P]B PB3 LD  5

K I <
) +* -, "  + G 04;+ G 0N9C7 H. 5 " $ 0 $ $ $J "& $ $&  5@-;+ +C4;L . 7J+ 5 + 9'/+ +- ' 5 .NP +40N</.N48P3.-;7 L 7Y_./D
 <E+C6 NH0 - k A- 7 ! 0 -'/P


 " + 5ML . 5 9+C-

   !

h $ 
$ " $ 
$:9 $ 9
$"$ 9
$h 0  h $ "
$ h
J ! & $ 
&)(  & $ 9
&)( $ 0 2 ! & $ )& (  &
&)( $K5
 2 0 
  
         
!"" 
@!.N4 G . L 0 5ML . k -;7 & $  & 0 &
 & 0 7 " -;+ L 7(+ 5 + h% $ &"
 $ h J
! "( + 5 RN+ 5 +40 G

h $ "
$hJ ! & $ &&
& 5
D .6U0 5 </. :0
$ " .) L + 5 +68.N-
& $ &(J ! & $ && $ &"
 P3.4 G . L 0 5ML . & &J ! " P/4A.)[0 5 <E. G 0?7JR)'[0 G <[0N< D
`+C01+ 5 L . 5 9+C- ' 5 0-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5 $ 9C. 5 & $  & 0 7  $  " $  $ L + 5 </7(+ 5 </.80 & & 5
 +3E7J</.10 G 0Z9C.61P[0N97J<[0< <E+ P . </+C61.-K+ $`L 40N+4 ' 5 08-'(/-4'E9C+C-A7cH. 5 k 9'/+ </+ 5 . L 0N4A+C61.- L 0N6 /7
H+ 5
$ k 
9 '
/ :
+ C
9 . 5 N
_ C
+ ;
4 N
R ?
+ ?
0 ' 5 + G 
+ 8
6 + M
5 L .  </+H5 ( 5*@!+4;.U<E+ G 0?4;+ G 0N97cH. 5

$ "$ $ 0 & $ & ( "

.) L + 5 +68.N- 9'/+ & $ 9 $
$ & ( J & $ 9
$ $ & & $ 9 $ & "  P3.4 G . L 0 5ML . $ +- L 0N6 /7
H+ 5

' 5 0:-4'E9C+C-A7cH. 5 </+ S0B'/9 <  + 5    " +C-j</+C97J4  +C- L :
 
H0 + 5     $ 
9C. 5 _+4;R+]+ 5    0  5 G[L +C.4A+C680
</+^4;+R)' G 04;7J</0N<P +4;617 L +K</0N4 ' 5 0 9. 5 _+4;R+ 5 9C7J0\+ 5  ( 5  P G 7J9C0 5 </.:+ G .P3+C4;0N</.4

  " -A+ L 7J+ 5 +
 $  5(@!.4 G . L 0 5ML . & $  & 0 7  $  0  5*@ .4 G . L 0 5 L .
!
9'/+ $ 9. 5 _+C4AR+T0 $  !
 
$ " $ $ 0 & & & $  &)( J & $  & & $  & 5
 
@!+4;. G 0^<E+C-;7(R)'[0 G <[0N<T</+ S0B'E9 <   `  9 < 0N4 = +C-I' 5 0,7JRB'[0 G </0N<:-;. G .,-;7 G .N- <E.-!_N+C9 L .4;+-i-;. 5 9C. G 7 5 +C0 G +- k
$ 0 9 'E7 9. 5 0 & & 5l '/+893'[0 G 9'/7J+4:. L 4A.Q_0 G .N4 P/4;.PE7J. -;+ 0Q68+ 5 .4:.
 0  $  k
+C-T</+C97J4 k

7JRB'[0 G 0  k +C-^7 5 61+C</7J0 L .ED

ZD KD  D

 I5 < D "  " S

Q GB#$O PD  $
C 
@

@ W b  P H
f # 

HD  
 P B PB3   D  e 
 
$ P$3
D 5 0  $

$ aB PB3  $ 
 V
% b

5( 
7 6 "  " [ @ <K  b

@
 I  &D 
5 (5 

K I <
) +* -, "  0 P/4;.)/0N68.N- G 08+ $ 7J- L + 5 C9 7>0 E 5 $

< + G _0 G .4]PE4;.P/7(.  6 NH0 -OR4;0 5 </+ k 9C. 5 _+C9 L .4 PE4;.P/7(.
 5
`+C0
 G
+ 9C.61P G +68+ 5ML .U.N4 L .NR. 5 0 G /
< +
 5
+ $ 
5(
76 "  56 G +;- P[0N97J. + -O</+ ^7 G +4 L  5 
680 5 </0
5 
+ 5 + G 86 7(-;61.  0:9'/+


$ "$ $ 0 $ " $ $ 0   $ "$ $5

$ " $ $
@!.N4 G . L 0 5ML . k 9C.N68.10 5ML +- k 0 & &
 0 -4'/P
(
 & $ & (
+C- ' 5 _0 G .4KP/4A.P/7J.1</+
( 
k 9C. 5  J 
 0:9'/+5 0 5 ( 86 "  5

 7(R)'/7J+ 5 </. +- L +=P/4A.`9+C-A.T-A+^RN+ 5 +40 ' 5 0 -4'/9+C-A7cH. 5 </+C94;+C97J+ 5 L +]<E+S_N0 G .4A+C-P/4A.P/7J.N-   " </+K@ ' 5 9C7(. 5 +-
`
P/4A.P/7>0- $ k .4 L . 5 .N4;680 G +- k  </+^+C-;P/0N9C7(.-g+ 5 9 0 0</.- 5 5 `  7 5 E +C-g+ G 9.61P G +68+ 5 L .:.4 L .R. 5 0 G </+


 
 2 7
L . / < .- G .N- $
+ . 9C+C-
 k 5ML 5
6U0 5 [< 0 5 E 6 7(-;61. 
+ 5 + G 8 0i0 [
P 0N40 $ S5 $ +5 5 E -;7 5 .\-A+OR+ 5 +C4;0N4 > H 0
. L 4;Z. _0 G .4gP/4;.PE7J.$D@!+4;. +C- ' 5 .10:' 5 .  3 P .4 G . L 0 M
5 L . 0 0 5
h E
@!.N4 . L 40 P[0N4 L + k 9C.61. G .- +C-AP[0N97J.-jP/4;.NP/7J.-j-;. 5 .4 L .R. 5 0 G +-  </+,</7(68+ 5 -;7 H. 5 [5 7 L 0 k +C- L +]P/4;. 9C+-;.

7 5 9 G '  +10 L .`<E.- G .- _0 G .N4;+C-:P/4A.P/7(.- </+ 5  </+6 NH0 - k -A7  ;- +80N93'E6' G 0 5 + 5 % 0 " '/-0 5 </. G 0
9C.N68P[09C7J</0N< </+ " L + 5 +C61.- ' 5 0 -4'(E-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5
G .Z9.'[0 G +-]7(68P3.-;7! G +   0i0 5



9 '/+Z9. 5 _ +C4AR+0  
 
 9C. 5 _+;4 R+10   ik $ $
 7 5 0 G 61+ 5ML +S-;+C0
 0 , $ " $  $ $  " G0 P/4;.  +9C97cH. 5 .4 L .R. 5 0 G </+ $ -A.)/4A+]+ G +C-;P/0N9C7(.TR+ 5 +C4;0N</. P .N4
$  " 5 5!5 " $ 
$K5@!.4=+ G#L +C.4A+C680Z</+ @ 7 L NH0 RN.40N- k -A+ L 7J+ 5 +

& $ & ( 0 & $ 9 

 & (  ,  $ " $  $ ( 5
 5 [ P 0N4 L 7(93' G 0N4 &
 & J & $ & 
</+-;7(R)'[0 G <[0N<1</+ g+-;-A+ G $  G 0:-4'/9+C-;7 H. 5
 9. 5 _+4;R+ 0 ' 5 + G +68+ 5 L .

5 (
<E+ 6 " " 9. 5


:0 , E  $ " $  $ $  5
g.61. $ 9
"$ $ 0i0 " P/0N40 L . </.  k ' 5 . L 7J+ 5 + 9'/+ $ 9
+C- L  H0 + 5 5 E 0#"0 3 5
ZD KD?D

= I;KI5 < D   ;  * JK 5 T  W ; * M W I  QS:B#$ P D  "D "JaK  b

9! 0
 "

J 
( J 5!5 5 "  2
$
K @
%$3
%\B PBO 
!   $   ($
"  V
% b
a
^J/
% b"D a
 
% 3':W  $ @
 J[ @ 3 

e
  6 " ( 
  0  
 & $ OILD  K  b @ W
#3$5$b 

 0 ,E  "   $   0
,E  " $$$ "
  $ 0
E,    " $ $(5





) +* -,K I < I          !  #"$%  "   

0 P/4A7J6 C4;0 P[04 L 1_ 7 5 U< G .  6U0 D  D k 9 G < 9 < 9' " $
 $ (  $ (
"
$    0 "  $    0    $  "  $ 0
    ($ $

5 @ L

& '"()" (* +*(   ,-.
P L k ;7
0

" ( " "$+* # $ */$"( 0* 12.$#( *
. $

L R 2G k G ;6 < AR[> H    k L `< G * " * *3  54 .$ " $ .#
 H k L /9

0 0  "   $ 0     (  " $  $ 0     (  " $  $ "

 6. 0 5* G *;( R)'E60.$ L  " < G 7C 60*  D P8#A( 687 L O 9."/$ 9 G '/79( 9' G *3  :"$ '$+*?+*: <    5
 79$+* G 6#$ L  k
 2 2 
  
         
!"" 

  $ 0 &  )& ( 9 * E h  h (). ?

!

, E  "   $ ( 9 , E  " $  $ ( 5


0 !

 
'.(:"  "   $ (
@ 0   

 " $ $( 0 

! $  " $ $ ( " <+*$/<" G * ' H G(L 7J60*

"( *
@H A6' G ED

ZD KD?D
* @"H (;6' G *a<+*$/<"   $:P8#(A687 L <+*( '$*Q9 *(*N9 L #(A7#*N9C7 " H $ 1
<  G
"  _* G "( #:P(:"NP/7":< 79/$ < 
P8#$/</79#$ L :< G *:*: $ d


= I;KI5 < D  /) K W!VMW W
; GI 5 W !W 5  *  !   < G I ; JK < 
  @
 @ IBC $3^D     D 
D
Hb 
C#W
9
7  D 
%b   B#  g

 
 R @ IBC $3  D      ' 

 
J 5
% b5D    5 (

 
5`Q<
#
%$   

0 
*    $   $ 5
0

 
  &  & (  6

K I <   * H 5 ( * " 5 5!5 " " # $ :"$#.

  6# "(
""$+*1#$ */$1"( 
) +* -, $ $  
!  $ 0 ,E
$  $ (
, E  " $  $ ( 0 &  &)(


 "  

@'"("9"#
*$ :"%$+*(:*  "(&:""$+*'7* $  " 5 5!5 $  " '$"( #$


!  $ 5
*
 ) 
J
&  &(  

 1 *+:" *$"  0 $ " .$,:"$.# - $ $ 0 " #./ ( 

0 $ !  $ "
0
1

   &  & (


"$2   # +7.3$+*  "#$1#(*'"0$8"( $  " 5 5!5 " $   5

!

5 #*0* < "(*   054 6  " .$#(:*"$ "("7  " 5 5!5 " 7   "   $ *  .$   $ +$8#$2  .$,:#/8


 9 *)   ;:.(C9' !   g   $"  )(:+='# * 0 <$ "(9')  $1"=:#$1( > ) *  " 9 '1.'+*!9 '  #(  0
>  6  $   #$ ! ?@ "(&:""$*1*A7  ? 5!5 5 ? 7   ? :.( > ) * 0 5)@ #(:"  ? 7 , 6  $  ? 7 ?FE 7 ?HGIGJGI?  9
7 ? .L K$   &   (*   $ *'M  9 72+/K+*  "$. @    $#"$  *+-C%B<$8D "(. "*$ "N+*-/@B K$+D *0 "OK2 P") $
 9 #(:. $ A  0 8

@*(* 6#$ !  "g
 ?  Q  .$
 2

!  B<D ,  6 ( J &  &)( G  


'"("9"#
*$ :"
@
0 $ !  J 0  $ ! 

  &  & B (  D 1Q
  &  & B ( G


&* K) I  O * 1#  K+*J+* $(&K
+* +M:#"(  *28

8 8#8
  
 $+*(& (  " ( #&KJ*" * $ .( "(:#/  +Q."(: * / $ # : +2K# 9 *  #$ '85#* $
  ) 
6 0S0 ( "Q$K1$,:"+8:@ " 1 " #
 K *(/ $(:"
 * ."$  6   : *
 *  :#"(  ) * .*( (:" J * * * $ #(  "(  .$ 8 5  * 4 6  6 ?  ? 5 ( 6 ?  D #"$ $ ? $"(  *  & BL D &  ? @ BLD  0  ?

*  "( .
"(
2   .2" (
 . D  B . ? $ 1"/:"
1(: 4B 6  6 ?  B G B  3K
8#&$+* " 4 6  6 ?  B "B$2D 
CJ  B #H ) $/  '*  :"%.  #$.(* 1" $ "( $  ?HGIGJGI? $ 
*'# K1    B J  GJGIG  J      B 0 0 @ .  
 .$ "$  GJ  "  H) " ,K  . K1$ $K1,$ :" ."$
K* " 6% 1 KJ $  +*  @  "" 
 #$Q  .$ "$  .$ 4 6  6 ?  G
 B 4  6  ."  "   .$,:"
 

@*(* Q0 ( $ "  " C  . $ 

 .


(  #
 $ #
 $ ( " 
 #
 1
$ #
 ( K
 $ /
 
 
 4  6  6 ?  ( ? ? * , K &  &   &  &   @ 6 C?  B     G 0  .& =*? 9 B "( @   * $8" 1  "#
* 
C.) $
  

#"$ #(:*Q( B+K+'* ,K .(3 K
.3 $+* D "     #$ 4 6 B 6D ?  #" B " K$ 3 K
.3 $+*  "  4 6  6 ?  ( ?-@ 
*
,K B B B
4 6  6 ?  g    054 6  6 ?  ( g    G
B B B B
   

'"("9"#
*$ :"
@
0 $  
 $   
 
     &  & B (  
     &  & (B  ?
@

 (

B

B G 

*(*  #$  6 ?  (  ? :#* *  9P! )    # " 6 .$  6 

? @ D *
 
A*
$ 
 
" 
$ 
# .
 3
 
3B B G
@ N9
$!    9 6
$8#(&:#$/# * 4 6  6 ?  ? * D 9 K$ "$ B  "
B
%   A*
$8#(&:#$/# * 4 6  6 ?  ( G    *)  B<D B
B    ( 9 6  ( , 9 6 .  ( ( .+*
&  &(
% &  *  ( 
 ( ( .
' % '
* ' %
  

D   9 6 
 '  ' '
' '
 
 D (9 6
  

" 1;:*( * .. K$  " "(  "   4 6  6 ? ( * 4 6  6 ? G 5; .$ *  *) 
 
 
 
@'"( "L*$ " / *

 
B B
 2  
  
         
!"" 

&  )& (

% 
 ( 9 6
&  )& (
  G 
 D  9 6

+ 0
    "  " "5 
  



%
? % 
BD B BD B BD B
  A*
%  A* ? D0 0D A* ?
   % B D C  B
*     ( 9 9  6 ( "( . " (
  ( 9 9 6  a. D   .+*

*   " % ( . 9 % B "% (
2  % .  9  % B % (
a% . D 9 D % B  B .  G


'"("9"#
*$ :"
@

    B 9  C  B J 9 ( B &   &)( ?
'  %  ' '   '

 "$2 +$8#$1    * #"$   $,K + *' @ D @ $K/  #( (:# $2 * #*"$ "( 9 (   #:*
 

'  '
*'( #. :"$  $& N  Q#"$  $,K+*/8
 

 
 " " / #"  .$   C 
&  &
(   # N"  " .) $#" (*1" 0  $8"   " ."$  .(*(&" :"9"

$+*(:*  * #"$ &  &  B 7 %$1(:" +*$ "
 @ * ,K *#" " g   #"( (:.3$8"$ K$ Lg   ( ? K1



  %  
B D B B


'  ( 9  ' J ; '  9  ( '

#./ (  ..#"$  $,K"0."$ (:#&$ //:" *  @ B   $13 N   Q#"$,  $,BK+*    @ D 9" :"$M8
 

B
 

B


$ #"$+JK H") $M  +* 1" ,K  % 0    # :+  $"%* 6 $ " ( * #  K*O+*'*@ "   $2 *(  ) 
@#( ++  * #+ $2*   "*  #9""$,  :$,*'K  "+( #*( $(:"$  " B :B *@ $ / +N.(:/+ N " .$,K"  : "$%+K$1*"$ ."(:+$+ *.$,*:$*#/ $8 ".($ 0 " $) .:# / "
2." $2.9$"#( $ 
 *$ :"B * 




# " "( * KJ $  + *0 + $K1$,:"0."$
K*"8 &:"0@ $1(3K
+*/M."(: */  $ #8

   7 D 4  D D

  S: D 
 )  )     
7" /:" 1"; (://)" :"$ + * #"  /) K+*  K # (<
(:" 3/+K+*' "$ # .$ .) ( : **;$+*(3  *.+ ,K
.$  * K$
K1#$= *$   K2"  "
(:9"  @ /:" 1" "  .(:$"#$ / +K+* "$1# +  $2   *+#"$   #$
. &:"
(:.3 K I
*1 "+8  $+* 
K#$* (:/9 .(:.$  P) * #   7  8  ) ,K  + ( *
) * .$,:"0$*(*++K* "$#L 9 .(:#$2 *'#
"&(  $+*( * $ .( : K$+* C $8"  "$ #$1"  /#$  * @ * #"(

*28
@*( * K$  (* 
*  .,$ :" **)   *H:*$O *1"1 +  *) J+K9"  *(  *  "$.+1/ //"( $K/ ."$&KJ*(  *
(:C 9 #( #$  *     7 0  @ " 
( "   * $
.(38
  * ) J+K9"   *(  *   "$1#,. K$+* N.(:(:* 0 # $ 
*  K @ J $8"(

*$ 0#$ *  $ :.&   * P") $ *'/ K* d
@*(* + O9 " 1/  / /"( $K+ 1A :#( d
78 / *$2M 8S

TUH  b  #?D/H
F
b&HMV
#O

b $ C

#3$   $(  $#( 7
0 8

2 86 *  N $M28
 O9   8 HO3$
B#H
#  #  

DZF
b&HMV
#O

& b    $(  $#( 7
8
@
 2

28  *
 $"    ' 8  8  

  +  "$+* "$29 8   8 8 8JA7 8
H
#Hb T5b  #?D&H
$ HO3$
B#H
#  # (H B BM3$
 3
CL D
 ;

P
#OO
N[ @ 
O3
C       

 86 : (3K   8#
O
 3

 #?DC  $( $.( 7
 0 8
2 U 
  
         
!"" 
  
   
   

      
 7 
(8  8    +87+C K( #"$  N1  * J+KJK "9
*( *' "$1+8 $ :#(:  @ "9  N  *'"  ( #:  N # *"
7  8
   
 2 "#8  "9 *287+C K( # "$  1N   *O /KOK1"9 *( *' "$/8 "P:#(  K
  * "$+ $ d     " ( 
7 78
    
   8  *(:*' N." 1"( @ 8  *O/KOK1 "9 *( *' "$ * $ *(
 *'  #( #$  * ,K+*' "$1 "9 3N (:&
 
"(3.( d   8 "O1#$  *  $'8 d 1*$+(*$2 &#"?7  7  8
 @    
   8  " K(: *$ H8  *J+KJK "9 *( *' "$1 *$21 K$$9 #$ 
*( @ ". *$ 5#(3  #+8     "(
 $ :.(:  @ 7+ C K( #  ":#+A7   8
    
  8  " K(*,$ *$  # 8! 
8#(
H8= / N1"  "9  *' N1 *'  * N @  #/8" 8 $ .(:& .$#  K
 3N.(: d

   "( A7  28
    
   8 8  4  "  4  8  * J+KJK3" 9# *( '*  "$+ 8   :"$   #39 @  K
 3N $  "8J $'8 d  * $


 * + 8IA7 2 8
     
    8  / *$   *$  A8$' * 8  " $ :C   $+*  @   *$ % *( '*  "$*   ( "
 /   "&(  N   "O *$ d
 & :#3( * ?7   8
   
    8  ( 8
+ I9*$  *$  8& 8#+" M$ 8  * O/KOK2" 9' *( *  "$+ 8  (:. $  .  3* J  $ 8 d $ 9  "5" 
  /    #( :  7
 @  8    
     8!# 8 "  ,*$ ) 8   8$ N"  (:P" :8$ N."( @ " 9  (  *   ( "
 / 8  "&( 3N   " O*$   K
  


N 2$   " $*$ @ d 
 #&( +*  7  28
   
 7 0  # 8+*  $ 1#3( 9+  N( # ( *2$  
8  0*  $* + N 2* 8  $ $ :(:" K/ "$ :,
 " *(  *   "$+* - $ ,K+*     # *$ 
$ N (  $$2 #'*  "$/ 8  #*    ( # +  $ 8I     "( A7 
 0 8
 7 7  !8 (
        0

8  ,N M$ 8. *( '*  "$+'* O C  N"  $  '* 3N '*   *   N @  #+ 8/$ N  *  O *$  " $+*$ @ d

   "( A7   8

 7 2 2 8  $"/( 8  "(::0 $ N."( @ 8  ( $ ./ :")

 $  $  :#(     ( # + 8  (  $ ./ :"$ 7 28
    @     
 7  *8    "( @ / 8  *( '*  "$+* ? C  N"  $  *  N '*  .+    .$ #2*$  $  $#.( 2$ 8# 8  + 
 K
 3 N  $   " $+*$ @ d  "& :"M$  7  
8
     
 7   2 81 82$'( " K2  * M$ 8/ *( '*   "$+*   * J+KJK   N  .,$ *( @  " $ :   @ 8 $ .3( (:* K+'* :3 $'  
$  *  N '*  .+ 8  $( $ #'( #&(  * 2     "( A7 
28
2 
2  
!

" 8

   
 7  8 8 * $
.(38 *( *' "$*L C  N"  9 "( 3N  3K @ "9  "$ $ *( " $8#(:*'"( +8" " J#$   * @ 
 $ 8 d 1*$,+(*$2 &#"A7   8
   
 7  8 8"  * $
.3( 8! *(  *' "$+*  / 3N " 1 * $F C N" 
"9  "$""$" $ .(*':"(: $ 3N '$ N."( @
" 9  "$  $#*( ,K+'*  "$/ 8 " N$  9  @ *$ 15"$ d     "( A7  28
      

D 6  6 ?  8 #"$    "$1#.Q9 (:"$ :#(*   7 

DHE  6 ?   #"$  "$1#:(*$
:.(:*' *MR7 7  R7  
D 6 E  6 ?     7  0  7 
) 

 6   #"$    "$1#.N "9 "$ " # *+ 7 

$ B6    #"$    "$1# $+*'3K (*9 #/ 7 7

4   6 ?  B   #"$    "$1# $+. #:*( *+)  

5 (  6 ?    #"$    "$1# $"(N " 9 "$ " # *+ 7


#"$  "$1# 3K  .$  #/ 2 7 2  2
2
*
 #P (
) " U0  #"$ &K *1 "H ) 2U2  
*/  " $#$.(*  *'+*2?7 0 #"$:.(&: * H") $   "  #$ : " 7  7
* '* "(+ 2 #"$:.(&: *  "$ + " #$  "*$K *(/? 7  7
*I#( $+'*  :*  +(:+2N"   2
 2  #"$,  $,K  + *M U0
*(  *
# $ ) .#O(  (* +* J7 #"$, $,K + *  +$ *(:*  + K $2+ *" #(  : *+ */ 7 
*(  *  $ 2*  
 #"$,: #(& #$ *K $ 9 "(  

+*( (*
+   *) &   #2*   
#" "(& #$+*' + * * (*$ *$+*+ 7


+*( ( * $8#'* +2* A 7 0 7
+1K #(3 *:
(:*$  ' 


(: *  C L  "  :"M$ A7 0 .$ :"  0 ) 

(: * ,K
 " #(:"$+2*  7  2 7    2  0  
 2  .(  :**( 
  ) 2
.(  : * *(1  +( + N CH 


 * 
 " Q :*(   #*
.+ ?7  .(  :**(1

*'
: *K !  
 *  $8("  C  (  * .+  7 0  7
 .(  : * *9 1K #(&:  2  )
 *  $8" C 1* /:"  2 0U0  2  2 .(  :**  +K1$+*01 +( + NCH 2 0 
 * $8"  #. $ ('* #/ A7 7?7
2 2
 .(  : * *  +1K $+ *01 
*'
:  *K ! 2 0 
 * #$*( 2*  7 .(  :**+  
 * K N    N  *(   .(  : * *.  "(3 .$  **)  ) *I " 
#.(:(:* @"   0 .  K+*O*  '" $ *(  2 7 7 2 
#.(:(:*  K(:2*   0  1 "? 7
 +9"  '   2   9 #(:.$P ) * $  
*/ 2 
#" #&(  :  +* M  2    9 (*/  "$M?  7 
#"  $+'*  *   / O  NM 2    3#"$,  $,K  +*)$" :*2 7 7 0  7 2
#"  $+'* /2"  H ) 2  3# "$, $,K + * .7#$A * :+K $+ *  .(  : * *+
#" $ 9/ P) *  "M$   77
#"$    P") $ 0 +(:"
.$ K/  7 0   3# "$,  $,K  + * .+# "$   H") $Q     #(:
 (:*:/
#"$    P") $ 0 7+  #$ (   2U2 0 7
#"$    P") $    ) 0#(:
 (:*:/ A7 7 0  7 2   &
 * $  *2 0+ 
#"$  "$ N""$ "  *2 7   & (
K2 "$#/ 2
2 
2 0 !
 
 
 K  "     @  "$M 0 N  $ ") .   Q9 K$ H") $#"  #)   #*2 7  
+/K+*  PP")) $ K.(+    
  1 #$   + *  K.(+ 
 $2  .Q "(:  2  2
+/K+*  P") $ K.(   *(*$    $ : + (:*M$ ( O #(*   2 0
+/K+*  P")  $ 03* I"$  *."
 7 U  7   $ :*(  *$  *2 7
+/K+*  P")  $  "$ +*   7
+/K+*   "$ :*(  *  )  "$+ *  2 7  $ : *(  *$  Q1     
.(&H 2 2  2
+/K+*   "$..  *$ "$ #*+ A7  0 
0 0

*. "
? 7
+/K+*   "$..   '* OK  N @   *$$M 

+/K+*   "$..  $1(  #( "3( . M$ A) 7  0 * (:*$ '

+/K+*  "$. #$ 9 "( #* $+*(* C (  2*  7  *$*#  /J(:*  7 
#2$  *   )  5"
8" C : 2 
#$1#3(   ) 2*  7  
 *'$ *  * $1"  7 0 
#$1#3(   ) * $  '" ) #2$   '*  ?7

*! O(:* 2 2  2 2U.2
#$1#3(   ) *  $ /   *    7 7

7+ .$ (  7 
#$1#3(   * $ '"  #2$  '*    7
 @  0 " "   0
 @  5$/O? 7 0  P)
#& $+*    " #" $C " 1
   @ .   A. "$:.(&: * "$MA 7 
#& $+*   
#& $+*   
"  2 *$+*  N-

"  $1 * 1
 $ & N    7
#& $+*  "$"(  * 2"  
**)  O " "  * 
#& $  / /:(:"   2
 
 /) " "   (://:"+ 2
C & . $  2*  %K$   +* M1 0
 ) $ J */*'+ H") $M  7
C :(:  " P" :  7 7 
  
(:*$+*
+ *) &  #*2 2  

C :(:  "/   )     @ J# (   5#( (  $- 7 0
C :(:  ".  
9#+   2 0
C :(:  ". Q 9 K$  "$* .+  2 0
 " $  .$ * !" /2 7 2 
C :(: " 9 K.&( .+  2 0
 KI  $   *"(:# 0*(*$ 2 7 7
 KI  $     *M 2 7 
9 ") (  K #* 1   ) 
.&( H 2 0 2 2 0
9 "( #* $+*( * / :( #2* ?7  2 7 $"(  *  .$#(&  ) *2 2 
9 (:",$ :#(:*  
(   2
2 7 2   2 "8$ #(:* "(   
(:#.$M 2 
9 (:",$ :#(:* 
(  d ."$   "$# $+*  K(:* .+  
 "$8#(:*"(  $#*  
9 K.(  P(* ) #. $  ('*   7 
9 K$  P") $  & *$  * #"  #)   #2*  7   7 0 ?7   *':  *K-  7
9 K$   "$ . $#(:*  "(:2* A7
9 K$   "$*  $ :*( * $ '  7  $8" .$ * +9 +C (:"& *)   . " 7 0 
$(     
 .(&H1
 
9 K$   "$* M $ '*   
9 K$  "$* .+  7 $(  $  $  " 0 .(  *'H 
$(  $  $  " 03* I "$M 7 
."  .)    2*  7 A7   2     ?7
2 2
2 0 $(  $  $  " 0  K @  N .$+ 7 0
$( $ $  ";: *( * "$+*9 # 2+K * .+ 7
3*0*+(    $( "
   *#1    *'  #*KMA 7  
3* 0 J"$  * ."
  7  2 7  $( "
   *#1   "
O $M ) 7 0 
3* J"$ *$1"  7  $( "
  * :"8$ #( / ( . " 7 2 2  2    
  
8) #
( H    7    7  0  2  
N $ " .  A #" $  ,$ K +'* M 7   $( "
  *  : " 7 0 2
!
 
  2 7
$( " K2/"P#) & **(+

$( "+$ * *' "$  AOOK '  2
$K $ : "0. ")$ & K *' " 2 7  2U2 
$K $ : "0. (   . "  H)
$K $ : "0 2*/K K * "$M  0
(:
+C H") $MA 7 2 
(:/ *#1    *# * .$+*2A 7 7 7 2
(:/K P*) ( + *    +N *'K #(/ 2 
(:/ * "$ 1  H) * (*$   2 0 2
(:/$ (:. :.$,  * "$ 1  ) 0. ' 2

(:.&: (  /  "$#.N " "$ " )  0*/  7 
(:. &: ( /  "$# $"(N " "$ "  */?7 
+# *'  2U2 

:/K$*/+K+*  P") $  K.(+   2  


:/0K  $ *  1 # ( : *+ *  3. "$  $,+K *+A 7 7 0
: 0 #"$   $,K *M  7  
:  # "$  $,K )" 3 K8$ #( "( .$    7
 &: *  *$ "$ #" @ :(*$1&9 "( **  /#$ 
 (:'A 7 
  &:  *(."$ # (&:*'  :"  7 7 
 &:  P) *  * J: "$ *$ " 7 
:"OK P") $   .(:$ "K2O  2
:"OK "$   .$#(:*  * *2 2 
 :"$     .(:& :(* +  0
 3K ( P)  "K2: O9  2  2 7
3K2## "$   *K N @ 8 P )
3K2$ .(  =  (:/: "OK2 "$M 7 2  7 
 7 0U0 
2 7

."(:  *)   "5C N.(+A7   7 

"$ "9 "  ) *21 )  
"$ "9"   *  
  ) 
(:*$
9 "(  * "$.  *$ "$ # *+ 7 
(:*$
9 "( *+*#07+#$(  7 7
K$    +* A *#.(  :*'+*2  
:*"( $(: "$  "?7 7  2

*$ 1 #( "$1  2
:/ $+*M8

://: "( 1$ (:"$ " 2