RECOMMENDATION

i. Emergency stop button

Emergency stop (E-Stop) buttons are an important safety component of many electrical
circuits, especially those that control hazardous equipment such as gas pumps, moving
machinery, saws, mills, and cutting tools, conveyor belts, and many other types of equipment.
They are designed to allow an operator or bystander to stop the equipment in a hurry should
anything go wrong.

ii. Relay

A relay is a simple electromechanical switch made up of an electromagnet and a set of contacts.

Relays are found hidden in all sorts of devices. In fact, some of the first computers ever built
used relays to implement Boolean gates. For example, in this case study, relay can be used to
act as a switch to control the flow of blocks. When the sensor detected the block was empty,
the relay will switch off the circuit to saving electricity.

iii. Counter

In digital logic and computing, a counter is a device which stores (and sometimes displays) the
number of times a particular event or process has occurred, often in relationship to a clock
signal. In practice, there are two types of counters :

 Up counters, which increase (increment) in value

 Down counters, which decrease (decrement) in value

For example, in this case study, we recommend that the circuit used a counter in order to count
the total number of blocks transfer or used in a cycle.

iv. Buzzer

A buzzer or beeper is an audio signaling device, which may be mechanical, electro-

mechanical, or electronic. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include alarms, timers and
confirmation of user input such as a mouse click or keystroke. For example, in this case study,
we also recommended to use a buzzer in order to detect the problem that occurs in the
system/circuit.
 v. Timer

A timer is a specialized type of clock. A timer can be used to control the sequence of an event
or process. Whereas a stopwatch counts upwards from zero for measuring elapsed time,
a timer counts down from a specified time interval, like an hourglass. Timers can be
mechanical, electromechanical, electronic (quartz), or even software as all modern include
digital timers of one kind or another. When the set period expires some timers simply indicate
so (e.g., by an audible signal), while others operate electrical switches.