TOPIC : SETS

•Sets
•Subsets
•Equal Sets, Universal Sets, Finite and Infinite Sets
•Operation on Sets
•Union, Intersection and Complements of Sets
•Cartesian Product
•Cardinality of Set
•Simple Applications
•A set is a finite collection of objects.
•Objects may be numbers,books,computers,etc.
•For instance:
Set A={a,e,i,o,u}.
It is a set of English vowels.
•N = {0, 1, 2, 3, . . .}, the set of natural numbers
•Z = {. . . ,−2,−1, 0, 1, 2, . . .}, the set of integers
•Z+ = {1, 2, 3, . . .}, the set of positive integers
•Q = {p/q | p ∈ Z, q ∈ Z, and q = 0}, the set of rational numbers
•R, the set of real numbers
•R+, the set of positive real numbers
•C, the set of complex numbers.
•Set A is said to be a subset of set B
iff(if and only if), B contains all the
elements of set A.
•For instance:
Set B={1,2,3,4,5}
Set A={1,2,3}
Here, Set A is a subset of Set B.
•To show that two sets A and B are equal, show that A ⊆ B and
B ⊆ A.
•For instance:
•Set A={1,4,6,5}
•Set B={1,5,1,4,6,4}
•Here Set A = Set B
A set that contains all sets in a given
context is called a universal set U.

If A={1,2,3}, B={2,3,4,5,6}, C={7,8,9}

U={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9}
•A set that contains finite number of elements is
called a finite set.
•For instance: a set of real no.s from 1 to 10
Set A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10}
•A set that having infinite number of elements.
•For instance:
A set of natural numbers is an infinite set.
Set A={1,2,3,4,5,6,7,………..}
Union

Intersection

Complement

Difference

Symmetric difference
•The union (denoted by U) of a collection of
sets is the set of all elements in the
collection.
•For instance:
A={1,2,3,4,5}, B={3,4,5,6,7}
A ∪ B={1,2,3,4,5,6,7}