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Another term used is habit, the form the gem is usually found in.
For example diamonds, which have a cubic crystal system, are
often found as octahedrons.
Characteristics and classification
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg
Characteristics and classification
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg
MALACHITE
botryoidal and banded
CORRUNDUM IN
ORTOCLASE
CORRUNDUM RUBY
CORRUNDUM SAPPHIRE
(BURMA)
GEMSTONES
EMERALD RUBY
SAPPHIRE AMETHYS
GEMSTONES
OPAL TOPAZ
PERIDOT AQUAMARINE
NATURAL OPALS
GEMSTONES
Olivin / Peridot
GEMSTONES
RUBY
GEMSTONES
Value
1. Heat
When heated, yellow and white topaz turn differing shades of
pink or green. Amethyst, Aquamarine, Ruby, Tanzanite and
Topaz are often heated at high temperatures to enhance color
2. Radiation
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg
http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/
Treatments applied to gemstones
2. Radiation
Most blue topaz, especially the darker blues such as "London"
blue, has been irradiated to change the color from white to
blue.
It is common to irradiate Aquamarine, London Blue Topaz,
Emerald, and Diamond as well as other stones. This treatment
brings out color and removes imperfections.
3a. Waxing/Oiling
Emeralds contain natural fissures that are sometimes filled
with wax or oil to disguise them. This wax or oil is also colored
to make the emerald appear of better color as well as clarity.
Emerald is oiled; turquoise is waxed
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg
Treatments applied to gemstones
3b. Dye (Coloring)
This is the most common treatment used. On clear stones, dye
may be visible in cracks that are darker than the rest of the
stone. Lapis and Rose Quartz are commonly dyed. Amethyst
and Citrine are often dyed. Black Onyx is permanently dyed in
normal processing.
4. Coatings
More recently, some gemstones have been enhanced with a
coating that changes the color and appearance of the gem.
For instance, topaz is sometimes treated with a layer of
titanium dioxide that changes the color to golden with some
iridescence. Jasper is often dipped in petroleum products to
bring out color and to seal it.
Treatments applied to gemstones
5. Fake stones
Some dealers will try passing off fake stones instead of natural
ones. If a stone looks too perfect it may be fake, irradiated or
dyed. Laboratory made products are known as synthetics.
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg
http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/
Synthetic and Artificial Gemstones
http://en.wikivisual.com/images/a/ab/Gem.pebbles.800pix.labelled.jpg
http://www.jewelrymall.com/stones/
GEMSTONES
NATURAL OPALS
SYNTHETIC OPALS
Gemstone List
There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut
into gems with 50 species in common use. These include:
Agate
Alexandrite and other varieties of chrysoberyl
Amethyst (originally a "cardinal gem", but now no longer
so, since huge quantities were discovered in Brazil and the
price plummeted)
Aquamarine and other varieties of beryl
Chrysocolla , Chrysoprase , Diamond , Emerald , Feldspar
(moonstone)
Garnet , Hematite , Jade - jadeite and nephrite , Jasper ,
Kunzite
Gemstone List
There are over 130 species of minerals that have been cut
into gems with 50 species in common use. These include:
Lapis lazuli , Malachite Obsidian , Olivine (Peridot) , Opal
(Girasol)
Pyrite ,
Quartz and its varieties, such as tiger's-eye, citrine, agate,
and amethyst , Ruby , Sapphire,
Spinel , Sugilite
Tanzanite and other varieties of zoisite
Topaz , Turquoise , Tourmaline, Zircon
Minerals that infrequently occur in gem
quality form:
Andalusite , Axinite , Benitoite ,
Bixbite (Red beryl)
Cassiterite , Clinohumite , Iolite , Kornerupine
Natural moissanite
Zeolite (Thomsonite)
Artificial or Synthetic Materials used as
gems include:
High-lead glass
Synthetic cubic zirconia
Synthetic corundum
Synthetic spinel
Synthetic moissanite
AMBER
GETAH TANAMAN,
SEJENIS DAMAR
AMBER ROOM
OF KING FREDERICK-I OF PRUSSIA,
IN CHARLOTTENBURG
DIAMOND
KENAMPAKAN INTAN DI LAPANGAN
terbentuk pada
zona dengan
tekanan tinggi
di mantel bumi,
terbawa naik
mendekati
permukaan oleh
magma
berkomposisi
kimberlit.
Intan (diamond) ditemukan
sebagai fragmen
(xenocryst) dalam batuan
berkomposisi kimberlitik.
http://www.ckglobaldiamond.com/images/properties-kimberlite.png
DIAMOND
4-C
C-ut untuk kilau
C-olor kemurnian komposisi
C-larity kondisi fisik
C-arat berat atau dimensi
INTAN (DIAMOND)
model potongannya (diamond cut)
INTAN (DIAMOND)
model potongannya (diamond cut)
INTAN (DIAMOND)
model potongannya (diamond cut)
INTAN (DIAMOND)
model potongannya (diamond cut)
INTAN (DIAMOND) http://www.diamondexchange.com.
au/i/dxx/education/cut_chart.jpg
http://www.twincitydiamonds.com/images/depthofdiamonds2complete_000.JPG
CARAT refers to the weight of the diamond.
One carat equals 1/5 of a gram or 200 mgrs.
A five-carat diamond weighs one gram.