Types of Differential Equations

1. Separable Differential Equations

2. Homogeneous Differential Equations
3. Exact Differential Equations
4. Linear Differential Equations

Separable Differential Euqations

𝒅𝒚 𝒅𝒚
A differential equation 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙, 𝒚) is called separable if it can be written in the form𝒈(𝒚). 𝒅𝒙 = 𝒇(𝒙),
and can be put into the form 𝒈(𝒚)𝒅𝒚 = 𝒇(𝒙)𝒅𝒙.

Solution Method
To solve a separable differential equation, we simply integrate it on both sides as:

 g ( y)dy   f ( x)dx  C
Example
dy
 8 x3 y 2
dx
First we separate the equation.
dy  8 x3 y 2 .dx
dy
2
 8 x3 .dx
y
Integrating, we get:
dy
 y 2   8 x .dx
3

4
1 2 x
  8 . C
y 4
  y 1  2 x 4  C
1
y
2 x4  C

Equations Reducible to Separable Form

𝑑𝑦
A differential equation of the form 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑓(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏𝑦 + 𝑐), where a, b and c are constants is called
Differential Equation Reducible to Separable Form.
Homogeneous Differential Equation
𝒅𝒚 𝒚
A first order differential equation is said to be homogeneous if it can be put into the form = 𝒇( ).
𝒅𝒙 𝒙

Solution Method
𝒚
To solve Homogeneous Differential Equation, we put 𝒖 = 𝒙 ; 𝒚 = 𝒖𝒙 and solve as:

y
u  y  ux
x
Differentiating w.r.t ' x '
dy du
ux
dx dx
dy
Putting the value of in the equation, we get it in separable form and solve as separable equation.
dx
y
At the end we put back u= and y  ux.
x
Example:
dy y 2
x  y
dx x
dy y 2 y
  
dx x 2 x
y du
Now we put u  ; y  ux  y1  u  x.
x dx
dy du y
 u  x. ; u 
dx dx x
du
 u  x.  u 2  u
dx
du du dx
x  u 2  xdu  u 2 dx  2 
dx u x
Now Integrating on both sides.
du dx
 u2   x
1
  ln x  C
u
y 1 x
Putting back u   
x u y
1 x y 1 x
  ln x  C    ln x  C     y 
y y x ln x  C ln x  C
x
x
y
ln x  C