TSUNAMIS

A tsunami is a series of waves generated when water in a lake or in the sea is

rapidly displaced on a massive scale. Earthquake, landslides volcanic eruptions and
large meteorite impacts all have the potential to generate a tsunami. The effects of
a tsunami can range from unnoticeable to devastating.

The term tsunami comes from the Japanese language meaning harbor “tsu” and
wave “nami”. Although in Japanese tsunami is used for both the singular and plural,
in English tsunamis is well-established as the plural. The term was created by
fishermen who return to port to find the area surrounding the harbor devastated,
although they had not been aware of any wave in the open water. A tsunami is not
sub-surface event in the depth ocean; it simply has a much smaller amplitude
(wave heights) offshore, and a very long wavelength (often hundreds of kilometers
long), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a passing
“hump” in the ocean.

Tsunamis have been historically referred to as tidal waves because as they

approach land they take on the characteristics of a violent onrushing tide rather
than the sort of cresting waves that are formed by wind action upon the ocean (with
which people are more familiar). However, since they are not actually related to
tides, the term is considered misleading and its usage is discouraged by
oceanographers.

1. The writer wrote the text…

a. To entertain the readers

b. To describe a tsunami

c. To argue against a tsunami

d. To tell funny things about a tsunami

e. To persuade readers to prevent a tsunami

2. Waves which are created by a tsunami are very..

a. Tiny

b. Long

c. Exciting

d. Peculiar

e. Extraordinary
 3. “…it simply has a much smaller amplitude (wave heights) offshore, …” (Pr2)
Which is the closest meaning of the bold word?

a. Only

b. Rarely

c. Really

d. Actually

e. Obviously

Cigarettes, smokers and smoking

Smoking is a bad habit that is very hard to break. Smokers are everywhere. Many
people smoke just to socialize, but many others are too addicted to quit.

A cigarette is like a toxin hypermarket. You can find many kinds of many kinds of
toxin in it; acetone, carbon monoxide, tar, arsenic, ammonia, hydrogen cyanide,
and toluene. The tar itself contains more than 43 substances that can cause cancer.
Scientists say that when we are smoking, we put more than 4,000 kinds of toxic
materials into our body.

However, many smokers believe that a cigarette with low tar us less dangerous.
And so is a filtered cigarette. But the problem is one cigarette is never enough for
addicted smokers.

Another myth about smoking is that it cannot only make them awake but also raise
their inspiration. This is contrary to the findings of a research in California which
show that smoker’s ability to think is lower than that of non-smokers.

Smoking is indeed a serious social problem in our country. The government keeps
reminding that smoking is dangerous, not only for smokers themselves, but also for
other people in the surroundings (passive smokers). But the warnings do not seem
to get any response.

4. The text discusses about…

a. Addicted smokers

b. The kinds of smoking

c. The danger of smoking

d. The benefit of cigarettes

e. The chemical substances in a cigarette

5. One myth about smoking is…

a. Cigarette consists of toxic

b. It decreases the thinking ability

c. Smoking makes people stronger

d. Inspiration comes after smoking cigarettes

e. Smoking disturbs blood circulation to brain

6. The text suggests that…

a. A cigarette with low tar is healthier

b. Smoking is dangerous for people’s health

c. There is not any nicotine in low tar cigarette

d. Low tar cigarettes are free from carbon monoxide

e. Smoking many cigarettes with low tar is economical

7. “… but many others are too addicted to quit.” (Pr1). The word addicted
means…

a. Lazy to do something

b. Worried to do something

c. Unable to stop something

d. Reluctant to do something

e. Willing to stop something

Text 3

This text is for questions 8 to 11.

An elephant is the largest and strongest of all animals. It is a strange

looking animal with its thick legs, huge sides and backs, large hanging
ears, a small tai;, little eyes, long white tusks and above all it has a long
nose, the trunk.

8.