Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Mzumbe University
Falculty of Science and Technology
MSS 321:Functional Analysis
Tutorial sheet 1.
Metric Spaces
5. Let X = Rn , for x = (a1 , a2 , . . . , an ), and y = (b1 , b2 , . . . , bn ), define d∞ (x, y) = max1≤i≤n {|ai − bi |}. Prove that
this is a metric on Rn .
6. Suppose that f and g are functions in space X = {f : [0, 1] → R}. Does d(f, g) = maxx∈[0,1] |f − g| define a
metric on X?
7. Using the triangle inequality, show that |d(x, z) − d(y, z)| ≤ d(x, y).
9. Let X be the set of all continuous real-valued functions on [0, 1]: We consider the three facts below:
• if h is continuous on [0, 1], then there is a point 0 ≤ t0 ≤ 1; so that h(t) ≤ h(t0 ) for every 0 ≤ t ≤ 1: That
is h(t0 ) = max{h(t) : 0 ≤ t ≤ 1}.
Now given f, g ∈ X; we define d(f, g) = max{|f (t) − g(t)| : 0 ≤ t ≤ 1}. By conditions (1) and (2), |f − g| is
continuous and so by (3) there is a point where it achieves its maximum. Show that d is a metric on X.
10. The interpolation inequality for ex . Prove that, if t ∈ [0, 1], then
12. Consider two sequences of positive numbers {ai }ni=1 and {bi }ni=1 such that
n
X n
X
apk = bqk = 1
k=1 k=1
MSS 321 SEM 2 2017/2018 2
Prove that
n
X
ak bk ≤ 1
k=1
13. Let `p , 1 ≤ p < ∞ denote the set of all sequences of real numbers {xi } such that
∞
X
|xi |p < ∞.
i=1
∞
! p1
X
d(x, y) = |xi − yi |p .
i=1
∞ ∞
! p1 ∞
! q1
X X X
|ui vi | ≤ |uk |p |vm |q
i=1 k=1 m=1
1 1
where p > 1 and p + q = 1.
∞
! p1 ∞
! p1 ∞
! p1
X X X
|ui + vi |p ≤ |uk |p + |vm |p
i=1 k=1 m=1
16. Prove that, a set O is open if and only if its complement is closed.
(c) For any finite collection {Oi }ni=1 of open sets, then
n
\
Oi is open.
i=1
MSS 321 SEM 2 2017/2018 3
(d) For any finite collection {Fi }ni=1 of closed sets, then, the
n
[
Fi is closed.
i=1
20. Let (X, d) be a metric space. LetA be a nonempty subset of X. The point x ∈ X is an adherent of A if and
only if d(x, A) = 0. Prove.