Exercise Nr: 2 and Solution in Heat Pumps

Course 11127
SUSTAINABLE HEATING AND COOLING

A building shall be heated by a heat pump, which is using ground water of 12 °C as heat source
and Propane (R 290) as refrigerant.

At the design point the following conditions apply:

Heating capacity: 45 kW
Condensing temperature: 40 °C
Evaporating temperature: 5 °C
Temperature of the ground water after cooling: 8 °C
Carnot efficiency of the heat pump is 0.5 for heating and 0.47 for cooling
There are no heat losses of the heat pump.

a) What is the Carnot COP and the real COP of the heat pump?

Carnot COP for heating : COPCarnot-H = Tc/(Tc-Te) = 313/35 = 8.9

Real COP for heating: COPreal-H = COPCarnot-H * ηC = 8.9 * 0.5 = 4.5

b) What is the power demand and the cooling capacity of the heat pump?

Power demand of the heat pump: PHP = Qc/COPreal-H = 45/4.5 = 10 kW

Carnot COP for cooling: COPCarnot-C = COPCarnot-H – 1 = 8.9-1 =7.9
Real COP for cooling: COPreal-C = COPCarnot-C * ηC = 7.9 * 0.47 = 3.7
Cooling capacity of the heat pump: Qe = PHP*COPreal-C = 10* 3.7 = 37 kW

c) How much water must be supplied by the ground water pump?

Water supply: Q = m * cp * dT m = Qe/(cp * dTwater) = 37/(4.2 * 4) = 2.2 kg/s ˜ 7.9 m3/h

d) What would be the isentropic efficiency of the compressor, if the COP is only a function of
the compressor quality?

From the diagram

h1 = 575 kJ/kg (after evaporator, before compressor)
h2is = 620 kJ/kg (after compressor, before condenser – isentropic)
h3,4 = 305 kJ/kg (after condenser, after throttling, before evaporator)

we determine the mass flow of the refrigerant:

mR = Qe/(h1-h3,4)=37/270=0.137 kg/s

From the power consumption we can derive:

dhpoly = P/mR = 10/0.137 = 73 kJ/kg

Since
dhis = h2is-h1 = 620-575 = 45 kJ/kg

we obtain:
ηis = dhis/dhpoly = 45/73 = 0.62
 2is 2poly
3

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