t'iff/f] v]k]/ s7\ofª\lu|Psf] k|s[ltdf Gofgf] 5fpg yfn]sf] lyof] .

lzlz/sf] l;/]6f];Fu} gfª\luPsf ¿vlj?jfx¿ klg sf]dn kfn'jfsf n'uf

km]g{ yfn]sf lyP . jftfj/0fn] Ct'/fh j;Gtsf] cfudgsf] ;ª\s]t uYof]{ .
stfstf 9sdSs cf¿ km'n]sf] b]Vbf dg} km'n]/ cfpFYof] .
p;sf] lhGbuLdf klg j;Gtsf] xl/ofnL nxnxfPh:tf], v';Lsf
ls/0fx¿ cfjlt{t eP/ cfPh:tf] nfUof] . p;n] cfzf dfl/;s]sf] s'/fdf klg
;Defjgfsf lemNsf b]Vg yfn]sf] lyof] . pm ;f]RYof]– hLjg eGg' g}
;Defjgfsf] v]n /x]5 . Psk6s c;kmn x'Fb}df o;sf] cGTo x'Fb}g, a? ToxL
ljGb'af6 gofF ;Defjgfsf] 9f]sf v'Nbf] /x]5 .
…kmnfd] 9f]sfÚ sxlnPsf] P;Pn;L k/LIff lxhf] dfq} ;lsof] .
cleif]ssf] dgaf6 Pp6f 7"nf] ef/ x6]h:tf] xn'ª\uf] nfUof] . p;sf] dgdf
cs}{ pT;fx ;~rf/ eO/x]Yof] . ca t :s'n labf klg eO;s]sf] lyof] .
p;nfO{ 3/sf] ofbn] ;tfpg yfNof] .
p;n] 3/ cfkm\gf] k|tLIffdf l7ª\u ple/x]sf] cg'e"lt u¥of] . 3/ hfg]
tof/Lsf ;fy p;n] s]xL lbgsf nflu xf]:6]naf6 labf lnof] . n'ufkmf6f
emf]nfdf sf]r]/ pm a;kfs{ cfOk'Uof] . a;kfs{ cf;kf;sf ;f/f k;ndf
ld7fO{, rsn]6, k'i6sf/Lnufot n'ufkmf6f, h'Qf, 38L cflb 6gf6g a]Rg
/flvPsf lyP . p;n] s]xL ld7fO{ / cGo vfg]s'/f lsGof] . glhs}sf]
k':tsk;naf6 s]xL kqklqsf lsGof] / emf]nfdf sf]Rof] .
pm xtfl/Fb} l6s6 sfpG6/df uof] . æbfO Û l6s6 lbg' g ÛÆ p;n]
sfpG6/sf] dfG5]nfO{ cg'/f]w u¥of] .
æs'g 7fpFsf] efO <Æ sfpG6/ :6fkmn] u'6\vf rkfpFb} lvof
nfu]h:tf bfFt b]vfP/ ;f]Wof] .
æhgsk'/sf] .Æ cleif]sn] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbof] .
æsl6 gDa/ l;6sf] l8pmF <Æ d'vel/ u'6\vfsf] /; el/Psf] lyof], æ;f6
gDa/ vfnL 5, l8pmF <Æ sfpG6/ :6fkmsf] af]nL g} xfF;p7\bf] lyof] .
æx'G5, ToxL lbg';\ g t ⁄Æ p;n] yk afu]{lgª ug{ vf]h]g .
sfpG6/sf] dfG5]n] l6s6 agfO;s]kl5 k};f dfUof] . p;n] vf]hLaf6 lems]/
k};f lt¥of] / l6s6 xftdf lnof] . ;Fu}sf] l;6df sf] kg]{ xf]nf < p;sf] dgdf
v'nb'nLsf] kfn'jf pld|of] . sfpG6/ :6fkmnfO{ ;f]Wof], æbfO Û l;6 g+=
* df sf] 5 <Æ
u'6\vfsf] /; lkRr sfpG6/d'lg y'Sb} vfpFnfem}+ u/L sfpG6/ :
6fkmn] eGof], ælsg rfOof] l6DnfO{ < eGg ldN8}g . hfpm uP/
cfkm\gf] l;6df a; .Æ
Tof] dfG5]sf] xs{t b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ sDtf l/; p7]g . t/, p;n]
dgnfO{ ;DxfNof] / l6s6 uf]hLdf /fVof] . km/Ss kms]{/ pm a;
/f]ls/fv]sf] 7fpFlt/ cufl8 a9\of] .
æP efO Û sfF hfg] <Æ xfkm kfOG6df plePsf] Ps JolStn]
;f]Wof] . ;fob pm s'g} a;sf] :6fkm x'g'k5{ . cleif]sn] sfpG6/ :6fkmsf]
l/; p;}dfly kf]v]/ hª\luof], æ3/ hfg], 3/ ⁄Æ
afFsL s;}nfO{ jf:tf gu/L pm cfkm\gf] a;lt/ nlDsof] . dgdf rf}rf}
eO/x]s} lyof]– sf] k/]sf] xf]nf ;Fu}sf] l;6df < s'g} /fd|L s]6L e}lbP t
ofqf cljid/0fLo x'GYof] . ;f]Rb} dgsf] n8\8' l3pl;t vfof] . leq}leq
sfps'tL nfu]/ klg cfof] . pm Ps} l5g eP klg /dfof] .
ha pm cfkm\gf] l;6df k'Uof], ToxfF s;}sf] sfnf] emf]nf b]Vof] .
pm Ps l5g cndndf k¥of], To; emf]nfnfO{ 3'/]/ x]¥of] . dg lvGg eP/
cfof] . eftsf] klxnf] ufF;d} 9'Ëf nfu]em}+ eof] p;nfO{ . emf]nf
b]v]/} p;n] ;Fu}sf] l;6df s]6L x'g g;Sg] c8\sn nufof] .
ofqfsf qmddf k|foM s]6fdfG5]n] ;f]Rg] u5{g\– s'g} /fd|L s]6L
;Fu}sf] l;6df eOlbP t ofqf /f]df~rs x'GYof] . cleif]ssf] dgdf klg o:tf
ljrf/ cfpg' :jfefljs} lyof] . …b]Vgdf ;'Gb/ tyf km/fl;nL s]6L cfkm\g}
l;6df eOlbP, /dfOnf] s'/f ub}{ ofqf ug{ kfpg' t cxf]efUo g} xf] .Ú pm
o:t} s'/f dgdf v]nfpFb} slxn] ‰ofnaf6 aflx/ t slxn] csf]{ ;fO8sf]
b'O{ l;6cufl8 a;]sL o'jtLnfO{ x]b}{ a; 5'6\g] ;dosf] kvf{Odf lyof] .
ofq'x¿ a;leq k|j]z ug{ yfn] . Pshgf nfdf] skfn, 7"nf] Hofg ePsf]
sfnf] 8/nfUbf] dfG5] a;leq cfpFb} u/]sf] p;n] b]Vof] . pSt
dfG5]nfO{ st} klxnf klg b]v]h:tf] nfUof] p;nfO{ . d'vel/ u'6\vf
rkfpFb} u/]sf] Tof] chª\usf] JolStsf] cg'xf/tkm{ p;n] 58\s] gh/n] x]
¥of] . aNn p;nfO{ ofb eof]– Tof] dfG5]nfO{ p;n] klxnf]k6s sf7df8f}
+ cfpFbf a;d} b]v]sf] lyof] .
l;g]dfsf] u'08fh:t} b]lvg] Tof] dfG5] cfh pm;Fu} 6fFl;P/ a:g
cfOk'Uof] . ‰ofnlt/sf] l;6df Tof] sfnf] dfG5]n] sAhf hdfO;s]sf] lyof],
klxNo} emf]nf /fv]/ . cfkm"nfO{ ‰ofnk6\l6 a:g] dg x'Fbfx'Fb} klg
cleif]sn] Tof] l;6 d]/f] xf] eg]/ bfaL ug{ ;s]g . hals cfkm\gf] ;ft gDa/
l;6sf] l6s6 pm;Fu} lyof] .
s]xL a]/kl5 a; u'8\of] . ‰ofnlt/sf] l;6df a;]/ aflx/sf] b[Zo
x]g{ gkfP klg pm aL ;fO8lt/ b'O{ l;6cufl8 a;]sL o'jtLnfO{ x]g{df d:t
lyof] . o'jtLsf] nfdf], l;NsL / rdsbf/ skfn ;fFlRrs} ;'Gb/ b]lvGYof] .
pd]/n] cleif]seGbf kl/kSj nfUg] tL o'jtLn] Ps–b'O{k6s k5fl8 kmls{+bf
p;n] cg'xf/ klg x]g{ EofPsf] lyof] . uf]nf] cg'xf/, cln r'Rrf] k/]sf] gfs,
bflxg] ufnfdf sf]7L / sfgdf 7"N7"nf s'08n nufPsL . o'jtL x]l//x"F nfUg]
lyOg\ . uf]/f] pHofnf] Hofgdf pgn] nufPsf] sfnf] l6;6{n] ;'gdf ;'uGw
yk]h:t} nfUYof] . crfgs rfnsn] a|]s nufof] . cleif]ssf] 6fpsf] cufl8sf]
l;6df 7f]lSsg k'Uof] . aflx/ x]bf{ kf] yfxf eof], a; t snª\sL cfOk'u]5 .
snª\sLdf s]xL a]/sf nflu a; /f]lsof] . 5]psf] l;6sf] sfnf] dfG5] ufx|
f] dfGb} l;6af6 p7]/ aflx/ uof] . cleif]s Ps} l5gnfO{ eP klg ‰ofnlt/
uP/ a:of] . a;b]lv aflx/sf] rxnkxn jf:tjd} x]g{nfossf] lyof] . nueu bz
ldg]6kl5 Tof] 7"nf] sfnf] dfG5] a;leq kmls{of] .
ænf}, ltdL of] vfpm .Æ To; dfG5]n] k|m'6L lbFb} eGof] .
cfkm"n] rflxF u'6\vfsf] Kofs]6 km'6fP/ d'vel/ xfNof] . u'6\vfsf] uGwn]
cleif]s /Gylgof] / d'v csf]{kl§ kmsf{of] . p;nfO{ ckl/lrtn] lbPsf] h';
vfpmF ls gvfpmF eof] . cK7\of/f] dfGb} h'; vfof] .
Tof] sfnf] dfG5]sf] df]afOnsf] 306L aHof] . uf]hLaf6 ;fOlG6lkms
Sofns'n]6/hq} df]afOn lgsfn]/ sfgdf nufof] . …xnf] Û xnf] ÛÚ b'O{–
rf/k6s eg]/ p;n] kmf]g km]l/ ks]6df /fVof] . snª\sLdf s]xL ofq' r9fP/
a; cfkm\gf] uGtJolt/ cufl8 a9\of] .

)))
 /ftsf] ;f9] bz ah]sf] x'Fbf] xf], Pp6f xf]6]nglhs} k'u]/ a;n]
3RofSs lj>fd lnof] . kfgL k/]sfn] aflx/ ;fx}| lr;f] lyof] . cleif]snfO{ Tof]
7"nf] dfG5]n]] p7fpFb} eGof], æP ⁄ efO, p7 Û vfgf vfg] x}g <Æ
cleif]s cN5L dfg]/ p7\of] . aflx/ x]¥of] . rf/}lt/ lgik§ cFWof/f]
lyof] .
b'j}hgf ;Fu} a;]/ Pp6} 6]andf vfgf vfg yfn] . Tof] sfnf] dfG5]n]
cleif]ssf] af/]df w]/} s'/f ;f]Wof] . tLg k6s;Dd vfgf yk]/ vfPsf] b]Vbf
cleif]snfO{ crDd nfUof] . p;nfO{ Tof] cgf}7f] dfG5]sf] af/]df hfGg
dg nfUof] / ;f]Wof], æbfO, xh'/sf] z'egfd s] xf]nf <Æ
Tof] dfG5]n]] cleif]slt/ gx]/]/} eGof], æan/fd .Æ
vfgf vfO;s]kl5 an/fd / cleif]s glhs}sf] k;ndf uP . ToxfF p;n] ltg}
o'jtLnfO{ b]Vof], hf] cleif]ssf] eGbf b'O{ l;6cufl8 aL ;fO8df al;/x]sL
lyOg\ . cleif]s 6f9}af6 tL o'jtLnfO{ lgofNg yfNof] . ;'Gb/tf s;nfO{ dg
kb}{g / < k"mn, aRrf / ;'Gb/tf ;a}sf Kof/f x'G5g\ . p;nfO{ dgdg}
af]Ng kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfUof] . t/, cfF6} cfPg . Ps dgn] ;D
‰of]– ;'Gb/tf t x]g{sf nflu dfq} xf] .
an/fdn] r'/f]6 ;Nsfof] / cleif]sglhs cfP/ eGof], ælr;f] a9]sf] 5,
ltdL tfG5f} r'/f]6 <Æ cleif]s cln lxlRsrfof] / eGof], ægvfg] bfO .Æ
p;sf] Wofg o'jtLd} lyof] .
an/fdn] s/ ub}{ eGof], ævfpm g vfpm, nfh dfGg' kb}{g .Æ
cleif]s b'ljwfdf k¥of] . p;n] klxn] slxNo} r'/f]6 tfg]sf] 5}g .
p;nfO{ yfxf 5}g, lsg r'/f]6 lkpg] dflg;n] ha/h:tL u5{g\ <
kfgL k/]sf]n] jftfj/0fdf tfkdfg sd lyof] . To;dfly lr;f] atf; klg
rln/x]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ stfstf Ps ;sf]{ eP klg r'/f]6 tfgf}+em}+
nfUof] . yf]/} eP klg lr;f] df};ddf s]xL /fxt ldN5 ls ⁄
 p;n] cfkm\gf] jl/kl/ x]¥of] . k;ndf ;fdfg lslg/x]sL o'jtLnfO{ Psk6s
kms]{/ lgofNof] / cK7\of/f] dfGb} eGof], æbfO Û cln k/ uP/ vfd\ g x}
ÛÚÚ
b'j}hgf a; /f]lsPsf] 7fpFeGbf cln k5fl8lt/ uP . klxnf]kN6 cf]7df
r'/f]6 /fv]sf] cleif]snfO{ b]v]/ an/fdn] cfkm" s;/L s'ntdf k/]F eGg]
s'/f ;lDemof] . cleif]snfO{ ha/h:tL r'/f]6 vfg cfu|x u/]sf]df dgdg}
g/dfOnf] klg nfUof] p;nfO{ . cleif]sn] nfdf] ;sf]{ tfg]/
an/fdnfO{ lbof] . tftf] w'jfF cf]7 x'Fb} d'vleq k;]kl5 pm vf]Sg
yfNof] . p;nfO{ cf]7 kf]n]h:tf] nfUof] .
a;n] xg{ ahfof] . a; lxF8\g] ;ª\s]t lyof] of] . ;a} ofq'x¿ xtf/xtf/
a;df a:g yfn] . an/fd / cleif]s klg l;6df cfP/ a;] . cfkm\gf] uGtJo tfs]/
a; k'gM clj/fd ultdf u'8\g yfNof] .
dfG5]n] s]xL s'/f klg hGdhft} l;s]/ cfPsf] x'Fb}g . ;dfh, ;fyLefO /
;ª\utn] g} dfG5]n] cg]s s'/f l;S5, ug{ x'g] / gx'g] s'/fdf afgL a:5 .
cleif]snfO{ cfh klxnf]kN6 r'/f]6 tfg]sf]df k5'tf] klg nfUof] . pm ca
s'ntlt/ afgL a:g] xf] ls eGg] kL/df k¥of] . p;n] sltsf hLjg s'ntdf km;]/
aaf{b ePsf] klg b]v]sf] lyof] . dgel/ s'/f v]nfpFbf v]nfpFb} pm e';'Ss
lgbfP5 .
laxfg} pm hgsk'/ k'lu;s]sf] lyof] . jif{lbgkl5 3/ cfpFbf
p;nfO{ cfkm\g} ufpF3/ cgf}7f]h:tf] nfUof] . kl/jf/;Fusf] e]6n] p;nfO{
cfglGbt agfof] . cfdfa'jfnfO{ k|0ffd u¥of] . cfdfa'afn] ofqf s:tf] eof]
egL ;f]Wbf p;n] /fd|} ePsf] hjfkm lbof] . t/ p;sf] dgaf6 an/fdsf] 5fofF
x6]s} lyPg, nx}nx}df k/]/ r'/f]6 lkPsf] If0fn] p;nfO{ cem}
em:sfO/x]sf] lyof] .

)))

nueu * lbgsf] /dfOnf] a;fOkl5 cleif]s sf7df8f}+ kmls{of] .

3/af6 NofPsf] sf]z]nL ;fyLefOx¿ / xf]:6]n jf8]{gnfO{ afF8\of] .
 ;do;Fu} w]/} s'/fdf ab\nfj cfof] . :s'ndf gofF egf{ ;'? eof] .
xf]:6]ndf klg gofF ljBfyL{ cfpg] qmd a9\of] . cª\snsf tLghgf 5f]/L klg
o;}kfln ToxL :s'ndf egf{ eP . pgLx¿ a:g] sf]7f / cleif]s a:g] sf]7f
cfd'Gg];fd'Gg] 5 . sltko k'/fgf ljBfyL{n] xf]:6]n 5f8]/ klg uP . t/
cleif]s eg] ToxL xf]:6]ndf kms]{/ cfof] .
P;Pn;Lsf] glthf cfpg nueu tLg dlxgf nfUg] ePsfn] w]/}n] of]
aLrsf] vfnL ;dodf la|hsf];{ ug]{ u5{g\ . sltkon] cGo ljleGg lsl;dsf
tflnd klg lnG5g\ eg] s;}n] o; ;donfO{ cfkmGt ;fyLefO;Fu /dfP/
;b'kof]u u5{g\ .
P;Pn;Lsf] k/LIff l;l4Pkl5 klg ljBfyL{n] /fxtsf] ;f;
km]g{ kfpFb}gg\ . s'g sn]h k9\g], s] k9\g], eljio s'g If]qdf ;'lglZrt
ug]{ < o:t} s'/fn] ljBfyL{nfO{ tgfj lbO/x]sf] x'G5 . afa'cfdfsf] OR5f
Psflt/ x'G5 eg] ;fyLefOsf] csf]{lt/ . cfkm\gf] ?lr / rfxgf stf 5 < ;fob
lj/n} dfG5]n] kQf nufpF5g\ . pRr lzIffsf] cWoog ;'? ug{ klg sltko
ljBfyL{x¿ ;fyLefOsf] nxnx}df hfG5g\ eg] sltko cleefjssf] ;Nnfxcg';f/ .
cfkm"d} lg0f{o sltn] g} kf] lng ;S5g\ / <

oxfF ;a}sf cfcfkm\g} ;kgf 5g\ . 7"N7"nf ;kgf . x'g t ;kgf slxNo}
cfkm\gf] x'Fb}g t/ klg xfdL b]Vg 5f]8\b}gf}+ . ;kgfk|ltsf] oxL
cg'/fun] hLjgnfO{ pmhf{ lbO/fV5 . sltkon] ;kgf k"/f u5{g\ eg]
sltkon] e'ln;S5g\ . sltko cj:yfdf xfd|f ;kgfx¿ c¿s} ;kgfsf] ;lt hfg afWo
x'G5g\ . 8fS6/ OlGhlgo/ agfpg rfxg] / agfpg]sf ;kgfaLr
ljBfyL{sf ;'sf]dn lzz' ;kgfx¿ ux'F lk:bf 3'g lkl;Pem}+ lkl;G5g\ .
ljb]z hfg]sf] klg cf]O/f] g} 5 lxhf]cfh . w]/}sf] ;f]r Kn; 6'kl5sf]
k9fO ljb]zdf uP/ k"/f ug]{ x'G5 . ;fOG;, Dofg]hd]G6, Xo'Doflgl6h, P–
n]en cflb–cflb . ljBfyL{x¿ cS;/ s] k9\g] eg]/ g} b'ljwfdf x'G5g\ .
w]/}n] t ljifo 5fGg] em~em6 gx'g] ePsfn] sIff ! b]lv !) sIff;Ddsf]
k9fO g} pQd 7fG5g\ .
cleif]snfO{ klg la|hsf];{ ug'{ 5 . la|hsf];{ t cfjZostf h:t}
eO;Sof] cr]n . sf7df8f}+sf rf]s–rf]sdf la|hsf];{sf] lj1fkg ul/Psf Aofg/
em'08\ofOPsf b]lvG5g\ . uNnL–uNnLdf gofF OlG:6Ro'6 vf]lnPsf 5g\ .
s'gfsfKrfsf leQfdf krf{ 6fFl;Psf 5g\ . ljBfyL{x¿ klg cGof]ndf k5{g\,
s'gdf egf{ x'g] eg]/ . cem u'|kdf cfpg]nfO{ ljif]z 5'6 /] . ljr/f Û ev{/}
lszf]/fj:yfn] 5f]Psf ljBfyL{nfO{ s] yfxf, of] ;a Jofkf/ xf] eGg] s'/f .
sltko ljBfyL{sf nflu t la|hsf];{ dg axnfpg] 7fpF g} xf] . t/
s;}s;}n] ;fFlRrs} d]x]g]t u/]/ 5fqj[lQdf gfd klg lgsfN5g\ . To:t}df
cleif]s klg afuahf/l:yt OG6]n OlG:6Ro'6df egf{ eof] .
k|]d ufF:g] s'g} pko'St ;do x'Fb}g . cr]n t tLgrf/ sIffdf k9\g]n]
klg un{k|m]G8 AjfOk|m]G8 eGg yflnxfN5g\ . lxhf]cfhsf
s]6fs]6Lx¿ ;doeGbf klg cufl8 lxF8]h:tf] nfU5, slxn]sfxLF t . k|foM
o'jf cj:yfdf k|j]z u/]kl5 dfofk|]dsf s'/fn] o'jfo'jtLnfO{ a9L g} cfslif{t
u5{ . ;do km]l/P;Fu} k|]d ug]{ / ;f6\g] k|j[lQ klg km]l/Psf] 5 . vf;u/L
o'jfj:yfdf x'g] w]/} cfsif{0fdWo] ljk/LtlnËLk|lt x'g] cfsif{0f Ps xf] . dg
axnfO{ sNkgfdf /dfpg] / cfglGbt x'g] cj:yf xf]– o'jfj:yf .
k|]d k|s[ltsf] ;a}eGbf dL7f] kmn xf] . of] dfq b'O{ cIf/n] ag]sf]
zAb xf]Og . of] ;'Gb/ efj xf] . hf] dfq zAbåf/f cleJoSt ug{ ;lsFb}g . of]
t sNkgfsf] To:tf] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/ xf] hxfF ljZjf;, ;dembf/L / ;Ddfgn] b'lgofF
l;Fufl/Psf] x'G5 . k|]d afFRg] cfwf/ xf] / of] lagf s'g} klg hutsf] sNkgf
;Dej 5}g . t/ dflg;n] o;nfO{ ckljq agfP . k|]dsf] cy{, kl/efiff / o;sf]
uxgtf a'‰g g;s]s} sf/0f o;nfO{ Ps–csf{sf] efjgf;Fu v]Ng] dfWod
agfOof] / sfdjf;gf;Dd 8f]¥ofpg] af6f]sf ¿kdf lnOof] .
k|]dnfO{ dfG5]n] ljs[t agfP . k|]dnfO{ zª\sfsf] s;Ldf /fv]/ x]g'{sf
k5fl8 dfG5]sf] :jfyL{ Jojxf/ g} xf] . To;}n] t ;dfhn] klg o;nfO{ zª\sfsf]
b[li6n] x]g{ yfn]sf] xf] .

)))

k|]d x[bosf] pRrtd\ cleJolSt xf] . o;sf] s'g} hft, wd{ tyf
ju{ x'Fb}g . g t o;sf] s'g} /ª\u g} x'G5 . o;n] 7"nf]–;fgf], wgL–ul/a,
sfnf]–uf]/f] s]xL eGb}g . o;nfO{ g t pd]/n] 5]S5, g ¿k/ª\u /
wg;DklQn] g} . lgZrn x'G5 k|]d clg rf]vf] / kljq klg . dgsf] Pp6f
s'gfdf ;'ulGwt k'ik eP/ a;]sf] x'G5 of] . lbnaf6 s;n] sltv]/ ;'6'Ss nfG5,
yfxf g} x'Fb}g . dfu]/ eGbf klg rf]/]/ . gfKg g;lsg] clg 5f]k]/ /fVg
g;lsg], of] k|]d eGg] lrh g} chLasf] 5 .
sfnf] j0f{sf] nfosbf/ cleif]s zf/Ll/s ¿kn] klg vfOnfUbf] b]lvG5 .
cf};teGbf clws 5 p;sf] prfO . 7"nf] lgwf/ ePsf] cleif]ssf] ufnfdflysf]
x8\8Ln] d'xf/df emg\ ;'Gb/tf ylklbPsf] 5 . b'j} x8\8Lsf aLrdf /x]sf]
lrl6Ss ldn]sf] gfs cg'xf/df slt /fd|f] ;'xfPsf] Û cem xfF:bfv]/L ufnfdf
kg]{ l8Dkn ;fFlRrs} nf]enfUbf] 5 . hlt;'s} s'¿k eP klg d':s'/fpFbf k|
foM ;a} dfG5]x¿ cfsif{s g} b]lvG5g\ . o'jfjosf] cleif]s klg hjfgLn]
el/k"0f{ 5 . ;'Gb/ o'jtL b]Vbf pm klg cfslif{t x'g] u5{ . af6f]3f6f]
lxF8\bf sltk6s t pm c~hfg dfG5];Fu klg 7f]lSsPsf] 5 . cfFvf gb]v]/ jf
7]; nfu]/ eGbf klg ;'Gb/ o'jtLnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] gh/n] k5\ofO/xFbf c¿;Fu
7f]lSsg k'u]sf] xf] .
j}zfv dlxgfsf] rsf]{ 3fddf P3f/ gDa/sf] uf8Ldf PSn}
lxF8\g'kbf{ s;nfO{ af]/ gnfUnf / Û OG6]ndf la|hsf];{sf] laxfg P3f/
ah]b]lv b'O{ ah];Ddsf] Snf; ;lsPkl5 km]l/ rsf]{ 3fddf PSn} nv/nv/
sf]7f kmls{g' klg si6s/ g} x'G5 . o;/L ;w}+ cleif]s bz ah] g}
xf]:6]naf6 lgl:sGYof] . nueu cfwf 306f nfUg] af6f] eP klg pm cln
rfF8} g} k'Ug] uYof]{ .
cfh klg pm xf]:6]naf6 rfF8} vfgf vfP/ lgl:sof] . sIffdf s]xL
ljBfyL{ cfO;s]sf lyP . 9f]sfkl§ cufl8sf rf/ a]Gr 5f8]/ pm kfFrf}+
a]Grdf a:of] . ljBfyL{x¿ sIffdf k|j]z ub}{ lyP . cleif]s slxn] 9f]sflt/
x]g]{ uYof]{ eg] slxn] csf]{kl§ a;]sf ljBfyL{n] ug]{ s'/f ;'Gg] sf]l;;df
x'GYof] .
P3f/ aHg cem} bz ldg]6 afFsL lyof] . 9f]sfaf6 ljBfyL{x¿sf] x'n
g} cfpg yfNof] . lxhf]cl:t ;Fu} a;]sf ;fyLx¿l;t klg p;sf] /fd|f];Fu lrghfg
eO;s]sf] 5}g . 9f]sfaf6 leq l5g]{ k|To]snfO{ pm lgofNg yfNof] . p;n]
lrg]sf ;fyL sf]xL b]lvPgg\ .
 lkª\s sn/sf] l6;6{ / sfnf] kfOG6 nufPsL Pp6L s]6L sIffdf k|j]z u/L
. cleif]snfO{ pm lrg]h:t} nfUof] . p;sf] lz/b]lv kfp;Dd / rfnb]lv
xfpefp;Dd ulxl/P/ x]l//Xof] . pm lgs} ;'Gb/ lyO{ . kftnf] z/L/, uf]nf]
clg uf]/f] d'xf/;Fu} 5ftLdf r'lnFb} u/]sf] hjfgL g} p;sf] ;'Gb/tf
emNsfpg] uxgf lyP . emf]nfsf] lkmtfn] p;sf] 5ftLsf] efunfO{ o;/L
Rofk]sf] lyof], dfgf}+ emf]nfn] klg s'g} :juL{o cg'e"lt ul//x]sf] 5 .
xftdf 86k]g lnP/ sIffsf]7fdf cfpFb} ubf{ ;a}
s]6fx¿ p;nfO{ x]g{ yfn] . pm ;fob gofF eP/ xf]nf, s'g a]Grdf a:g]
eg]/ a]Grx¿ lgofNb} lyO{ . lsg xf] v} cleif]snfO{ pgL;Fu klxn] g}
e]6 eO;s]h:tf] nfUof] . p;n] dgdg} eGof], ljlgtf Û pm eml:sof] . crDd
dfGb} ;f]Rg yfNof] . s]6L cleif]seGbf 7Ls cufl8, rf}yf] a]Grdf cfP/
a;L .
ljlgtf / cleif]sn] hgsk'/df ;ft / cf7 sIff ;Fu} k9]sf lyP .
;fyLx¿ p;nfO{ …ljgLÚ eg]/ af]nfpFy] . Psbd} ;f]emL b]lvg] ljgL
k9fOdf cAan lyO{ . ;/ / Dof8dx¿n] ljgLnfO{ w]/} dfof ug'{x'GYof] .
;fyLx¿;Fu klg p;sf] Jojxf/ Psbd} ldng;f/ lyof] . ux'Fuf]/f] j0f{sL ljgL
b]Vgdf cfsif{s lyO{ . p;sf] ;n{Ss k/]sf] lhp8fn / nfdf] skfnsf] k|
foM ;a}n] k|z+;f uy]{ .
lj1fg k9fpg] ;/n] cfkm"nfO{ d'uf{ agfPsf] cleif]snfO{ cem} ofb
5 . pm k|foM sIffsf] t];|f] a]Grdf a:g] uYof]{ . ljgL eg] ;w}+ bf];|f]
a]Grdf a:yL . nhfn' :jefjsf] cleif]s sIffdf sd} af]NYof] . ljlgtfsf] ;'Gb/
cIf/sf] ;w}+ gSsn ug{ vf]Hg] pm ;fyLx¿;Fu slxn]sfxLF lhl:sg] uYof]
{ . sIffdf ljgL / cleif]s k|foM xf]djs{ ;f6f;f6 uy]{ .
Pslbgsf] s'/f lyof] . :s'ndf a|]skl5 ;w}+ lj1fg ljifosf] sIff x'GYof] .
lj1fg k9fpg] ;/ cln s8f x'g'x'GYof] . pxfFb]lv ljBfyL{x¿ 8/fpFy] . Tof]
lbg cleif]sn] k"/f xf]djs{ ug{ EofPsf] lyPg . clGtdsf b'O{ k|Zgsf]
pQ/ :s'ndf g} n]Vg] eg]/ lxF8]sf] cleif]s :s'n l9nf] k'Uof] . ;fgf] a|]sdf
pSt xf]djs{ Eofpg c;Dej g} lyof] . a|]ssf] ;dodf sIffsf]7faf6 ;a}
ljBfyL{ aflx/ lgl:s/x]sf a]nf cleif]sn] ljlgtfnfO{ Pp6f k|Zgsf] pQ/
n]lvlbg cfu|x u¥of] . t/ ljlgtfn] cfkm\gf] gf]6a's dfq lbO{ / ;fyLx¿;Fu
aflx/ lgl:sO{ . cleif]snfO{ h;/L eP klg xf]djs{ k'/f ug'{lyof] . h'g ;Dej
ePg . To;}n] p;n] Pp6f h'lSt lgsfNof] . p;n] clGtd k|Zgsf] pQ/ n]v]g,
a? ljlgtfsf] gf]6af6 klg pSt k]h Rofltlbof] . ljlgtfn] xf]djs{ k"/f u/]sL
5}g eg] ;/n] afFsL ljBfyL{nfO{ klg dfkmL lbg'x'G5 eGg] s'/f
p;nfO{ yfxf lyof] .
o;k6s eg] cleif]ssf] h'lStn] sfd u/]g . ljlgtfn] cfkm"n] k"/f
xf]djs{ u/]sf] t/ cleif]sn] pSt k]h RofltlbPsf] s'/f sIffdf ;/nfO{ elglbO{
. ;/n] cleif]snfO{ ;f]Wg'eof] . t/ pm s]xL gaf]nL e'OFlt/ x]l//Xof] . ;/n]
p;sf] sfFwdf hf]8n] n¶L k|xf/ u/]kl5 pm em;ª\u eP/ p7\of] .
sIffsf]7f ;'g;fg eof] . c¿ ljBfyL{ klg 8/n] y'/y'/ eP . ;a} ;fyLsf cufl8 pm
!% ldg]6;Dd d'uf{ aGof] .
Tof] lkª\s l6;6{sf] k|j]zn] p;nfO{ plxNo} d'uf{ ag]sf] lbgsf] ofb
tfhf u/fOlbof] . ljlgtfn] Tof] lbg 5'§L eP/ 3/ hfg] a]nfdf …;/LÚ klg
eg]sL lyO{ . t/ To;kl5 pgLx¿sf] Pscfk;df slxNo} af]nrfn ePg .
)))

sIffsf]7f ljBfYfL{n] el/g} cfF6]sf] lyof], cleif]ssf] a]Grdf

c¿ b'O{hgf ljBfyL{ cfP/ a;] . t/ ;/ cem} sIffdf cfpg'ePsf] lyPg .
cfkm\gf] cufl8 a;]sL s]6L ljlgtf g} xf] of xf]Og eGg] s'/fdf cleif]s
b'ljwfdf k¥of] . ljlgtf cln sfnL lyO{ / p;sf] skfn klg nfdf] lyof] . lkª\sL
eg] uf]/L 5] / p;sf] skfn klg 5f]6f] 5 . Tof] t b'O{ jif{cufl8sf] s'/f
lyof] . dfG5] ab\lng slt g} ;do nfU5 / < To;df klg b'O{ jif{ eg]sf]
yf]/} ;do xf]Og .
cleif]s dgdf o:t} s'/f v]nfpFb} lyof] . sIffdf ;/ cfPkl5 ;a} r'k
nfu] . Psflt/ lkª\sLk|ltsf] cfsif{0f, csf]{lt/ ;/sf] JofVofg . sIffdf al;/xFbf
p;sf] dg / dl:tis b'j}lt/ afFl8of] . dgdf Ps k|sf/sf] sf}t"xn hflu/Xof] .
km]l/ stfstf p;nfO{ nfUof]– pm unt ul//x]5 . p;n] lrg] klg glrg]em}+
u/]/ a:g' a]; 7fGof] . yfxf gkfpg] u/L k5fl8af6 hlt x]/] klg cfFvf
h'wfP/} eg] af]lnxfNg' plrt 5}g eGg] nfUof] . sIff ;lsPkl5 klg cleif]ssf
cfFvf lkª\sLnfO{ g} vf]lh/x]sf lyP . pm aflx/ lg:s]/ km]l/ klg
bfofFafofF, j/k/ x]¥of] . t/ lkª\sLnfO{ st} b]v]g .
dgdg} pm lkª\sL / ljlgtfnfO{ bfFHg yfNof] . t/ p;sf] dgaf6 b'ljwf
x6]g . p;nfO{ * sIffdf k9\bf ljlgtfsf] k5fl8 a;]sf] / cfh lkª\sLsf] k5fl8
a;]sf] If0f p:t} nfUof] . olb lkª\sL g} ljlgtf xf] eg] d}n] glrg] klg ;fob
p;n] t lrg]s} x'g'k5{ . p;n] cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ ;Demfof] . t/ lkª\sL g}
ljlgtf / ljlgtf g} lkª\sL xf] of xf]Og eGg] s'/f p;n] 7Dofpg ;s]g .
cleif]snfO{ lkª\sLsf af/]df hfGg dg nfUof] . dgsf] v'Nb'nL d]6fpg
rfxGYof] pm . t/ Tof] ;a} ef]lnsf] sIffdf dfq ;Dej lyof] . Tof] klg olb
lkª\sL cfO{ / To;}u/L p;sf] cufl8 a:fL eg] dfq .
/ftsf] !! alh;Sbf klg cleif]s dgdf o:t} ljleGg s'/fx¿ v]nfpFb}
al;/x]sf] 5 . p;nfO{ ef]lnsf] sIffdf lkª\sLsf af/]df w]/} hfgsf/L s;/L
kfpg] eGg] s'/fn] ;tfpgyfNof] . ef]ln klg cfhsf] h:t}u/L a:g kfP t uha
x'g] lyof], p;n] dgdg} k|fy{gf klg u¥of] . aQL lgefP/ nfdf] ;f; km]b}{
a]8df klN6of] .
pm laxfg cln l9nf] p7\of] . /flt kfgL k/]sfn] xf]nf, df};d lr;f] lyof]
. p;sf] dgdf k'gM lxhf]s} s'/fx¿ v]ln/x] . pm km]l/ ToxL ;f]Rg yfNof] .
t/ cfh p;nfO{ cln l56f] g} sIffsf]7fdf k'Ug' 5 . vfgf vfP/ sk8f nufpFb}
lyof] . df]afOnsf] 306L aHof] . kmf]gdf cª\snn] p;nfO{ ;ftbf]af6f]df
e]6\g cfpg eGg'eof] . p;nfO{ hfg dg g} 5}g . To;}n]
cª\snnfO{ eGof], æd]/f] !! b]lv @ ah];Dd Snf; 5, To;kl5 e]6\bf
x'Fb}g <Æ
æcfh ;fFemsf] a;df d}n] 3/ kmls{g' k5{ .Æ cª\snn] eGg'eof] .
cleif]snfO{ hfg s/} nfUof] .
lbgel/ cª\sn;Fu x'Fbf klg p;nfO{ cfhsf] Snf; 5'6fPsf]df stfstf
k5'tf] eO/Xof] . ;fFem % ah] pm cª\snnfO{ a;kfs{df 5f8]/ ?d
kmls{of] .
ef]nLkN6 pm l56f] sIffsf]7fdf k'Uof] / ToxL kfFrf}+ a]Grdf uP/
a:of] . dgdf Ps k|sf/sf] cfzf lnP/ a;]sf] 5 p . lkª\sL of ljlgtf hf] eP klg
pm lrGg rfxG5 . lkª\s /ªsf] l6;6{ nufpg] Tof] s]6Lsf] af/]df hfGg
rfxG5 .
Ps l5gkl5 pd]z klg cfOk'Uof] . pd]z;Fu cl:t g} kl/ro ePsf]
lyof] . /dfOnf] 5 pm . xfF;f]–7§f ul//xG5 .
ælxhf] ltdL lsg gcfsf] <Æ pd]zn] ;f]Wof] .
æd cª\snnfO{ e]6\g uPsf] lyPF of/ .Æ
æcª\sn ls cfG6L xF < d]/f] dtna s]6L ;fyL xf] ls <Æ p;n] 7§f
ub}{ eGof] .
æx}g of/ . a? eg g lxhf]sf] Snf; s:tf] eof] <Æ
pd]zn] /dfOnf] eof] eGb} emf]nf 8]:sdf /fv]/ aflx/ lgl:sof] .

cleif]s cfh klg ;s]hlt ;a}sf] cg'xf/nfO{ Ps–Ps ub}{ lgofln/x]sf] 5

. tL ;of}+ cg'xf/df p;sf cfFvf lkª\sLnfO{ g} vf]lh/x]sf 5g\ . TolQs}df
gLnf] / v/fgL /ªsf] r]s ;6{df p;n] lkª\sLnfO{ 9f]sfaf6 leq cfO/x]sf]
b]Vof] . lkª\sL cfh cln leGg} b]lVfPsL lyO{ . pm ;'Gb/ dfq geP/
:df6{ klg lyO{ . t/ cleif]snfO{ p;sf] ;'Gb/tf / :df6{g];eGbf klg ljlgtf
xf] of xf]Og eGg] s'/fn] a9L g} lk/f]ln/x]sf] lyof] . ;+of]u g}
eGg'k5{, lkª\sL cfh klg ToxL a]Grdf cfP/ a;L . cleif]s cln ;Dxflnof] .
gaf]n] klg cfkm"glhs} a;]sf]df Ps lsl;dsf] cfTdLotf dx;'; u¥of] p;n] .
Psbd} zfGt lyof] sIffsf]7f . ;a}hgf ;/n] n]vfpFb} u/]sf] gf]6
ptfg{df Jo:t b]lvGy] . TolQs}df pd]zn] cfkm\gf] 86k]gn] lkª\sLsf]
sfFwdf la:tf/} 3f]Rof] . ;fob pm s]xL eGg vf]lh/x]sf] lyof] . pd]zsf]
xs{t b]v]/ cleif]s cfZro{rlst eof] . p;sf] dgdf pd]zsf] o:tf] ultljlw
/f]Sg'kg]{ ljrf/ cfof] . t/ klg zfGt Snf;df pm pd]znfO{ s]xL gegL gf]6
n]lv/Xof] . TolQs}df lkª\sL clnslt 8/fPem}+ u/L ;/nfO{ x]b}{ la:tf/}
k5fl8 kmls{O{ .
æltd|f] skL b]pm g, d]/f] 5'6\of] Sof ÛÆ ;fgf] :j/df pd]zn] eGof]
.
k5fl8 gx]/]/} lkª\sLn] pd]znfO{ skL lbO{ . p;n] o;/L
pd]znfO{ skL lbG5] eGg] s'/f ;f]r]sf] klg lyPg . Tof]eGbf klg pd]zsf]
cfF6 b]v]/ cleif]s tLg5Ss k¥of] . cleif]snfO{ w]/} s'/f ;f]Wg dg
nfu]sf] lyof] . t/, sIffsf]7fdf ;/ ePsfn] p;n] s'/f ug'{ plrt 7fg]g . o;f]
lkª\sLsf] skLdf x]¥of] . ljlgtfsf] h:t} /fd|f cIf/ b]v]/ pm k|efljt eof] .
dgdg} ;f]Rof], x}g ;a} s]6Lx¿sf] cIf/rflxF s;/L /fd|f] x'G5 < cem
hf] /fd|f] b]lvG5 To;sf] t hlxn] klg cIf/ /fd|f] x'g] . cleif]ssf] dgdf o:t}
s'/f v]Ng yfNf] .
lkª\sLsf af/]df hfGgsf nflu ca p;n] ;lhnf] dx;'; u¥of] . Ps dgn]
;f]Rof]– pd]zsf] xftaf6 skL vf];]/ p;sf] gfd x]?F . t/ p;n] To;f] u/]g .
lbpF;f]sf] b'O{ ah]/ kfFr ldg]6 eO;s]sf] lyof] . t/ klg cfh ;/n] Snf;
5f]8\g'ePsf] 5}g . cleif]sn] 38Ldf x]¥of] / km]l/ ;/lt/ Wofg lbof] . pm
cflQPsf] 5, Snf; ;lsPkl5 sltv]/ pd]zl;t lkª\sLsf] af/]df ;f]wf}+ eg]/ .
@M!@ df Snf; ;lsPkl5 ;a}hgf aflx/ lgl:sP . cleif]s / pd]z klg ;Fu;Fu}
aflxl/P .
cleif]sn] pd]znfO{ vfhf vfg eg]/ vfhf k;ndf lnP/ uof] . b'j}hgf
vfnL 6]andf cfdg;fdg] eP/ a;] .
æpd]z Û ltdLn] Tof] s]6LnfO{ lrG5f} <Æ cleif]sn] ;ª\sf]r
dfg]/ ;f]Wof] .
æcxF lrg]sf] 5}g .Æ pd]zn] 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} eGof] .
æclg Tof] ;a skL cfbfgk|bfg s;/L lg <Æ
aNn pd]zn] s'/f a'‰of] / yfxf kfPhlt lkª\sLaf/] ;a}
cleif]snfO{ atfof], ælxhf] ltdL cfPgf}+ . xfd|f] bf];|f] Snf; lyPg . Ps
306f olQs} Snf;df ukm ub}{ a:g'k¥of] . Tof] a]nf g} kl/ro ePsf]
xf] .Æ
cleif]s pT;'stfsf ;fy ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ lxhf] cfkm" uon
ePsf]df dgdg} k5'tf] klg nfUof] . p;n] aLr}df ;f]Wof], æc¿ klg eg g
p;sf] af/]df .Æ
pd]zn] dMd d'vdf xfNof] . Psl5g klv{g xftn] O;f/f ub}{ p;n]
d'vdf ePsf] dMd lgNof] / xfF:b} eGof], æs] xf] < ltdL t lkmbf eof} ls
Sof xf] To;nfO{ b]v]/ xF <Æ
æTo:tf] s]xL xf]Og . ltdL eGb} hfpm g .Æ
 æTo;sf] gfd :d[lt xf] . otf hfpnfv]ndf lbbL;Fu} a:5] . 3/ eStk'/
xf] /] .Æ olt eg]kl5 pd]zn] ;f]Wof], æolt eP k'U5 ls c¿ egf}+ <Æ
cleif]sn] xftn] kb}{g eGg] ;ª\s]t lbof] . dgdf stfstf zflGt ldn]sf]
cfef; eof] p;nfO{ . lkª\sL ljlgtf geO{ :d[lt kf] /lx5] .
Ps l5gkl5 cleif]sn] km]l/ ;f]Wof], æn eg g t c¿ klg ÛÆ
æc¿ t dnfO{ g} yfxf 5}g s;/L eGg' of/ <Æ pd]zn] xfF:b} eGof]
.
pgLx¿ vfhf vfP/ ToxfFaf6 lgl:sP .
æltdL t nf:6} km/jf8{ /x]5f} .Æ cleif]sn] pd]zsf] sfFwdf xft
/fVb} eGof] .
æltdLnfO{ :d[lt dg k/]h:tf] 5 lg s] xf] < s'/f cufl8 a9fpg'kg]
{ xf] <Æ
cleif]sn] xfF:b} eGof], æTo:tf] s]xL xf]Og of/ . t/ /fd|L 5] x}
pm ÛÆ
s'/f ub}{ hfFbf b'j}hgfsf] 5'l§g] 7fpF cfOk'Uof] . æn a|f] ef]ln
e]6f}+nf x} .Æ pd]zn] cleif]s;Fu labfOsf nflu xft ldnfof] . b'j}
cfcfkm\gf] af6f] nfu] .

)))

xf]:6]ndf cleif]s dfq To:tf] ljwfyL{ xf], hf] P;PNf;Lkl5 klg ToxLF
a;]/ la|hsf];{ ul//x]sf] 5 . xf]:6]ndf ;a}sf] Kof/f] 5 pm . ;a}n]
p;nfO{ w]/} ljZjf; u5{g\ . l;lgo/ ePs} gftfn] p;n] slxn]sfxLF cGo
efOalxgL x¿nfO{ k9fOdf ;Sbf] ;xof]u klg u5{ .
;fFemkv xf]:6]nsf] 5fgfdf uP/ ;':tfpg'sf] klg a]Un} dhf x'G5 .
xf]:6]ndf s]6f / s]6L u/L afO;hgf ljBfyL{x¿ a:5g\ . xf]:6]n :s'ns}
kl/;/leq} ePsf]n] ljBfyL{x¿ a9L g} ;'/lIft 5g\ . xf]:6]nsf] cufl8 au}
+rfh:t} 5 . ToxfF 7'N7"nf cfFksf ?vx¿ 5g\ . slxn]sfxLF s]6fs]6L ToxLF
uP/ v]Ng] u5{g\ .
 cleif]s xf]:6]nsf] 5taf6 j/k/sf] b[Zofjnf]sg ul//x]sf] lyof] . dgdf
lbgel/sf] s'/f v]nfpg yfNof] pm . :d[lt ljlgtf gePsf]df p;n] /fxt dx;';
u¥of] . hlt ;'Gb/ p;sf] gfd 5, Tolt g} ;'Gb/ pm x]g{df klg 5], p;n]
dgdg} ljrf/ u¥of] . t/ pm :d[lt;Fu af]n]sf] 5}g . cfkm" af]Ng' t k/sf]
s'/f, cleif]sn] :d[lt af]n]sf] klg ;'g]sf] 5}g .
sIffdf ;w}+ l56f] cfOk'Ug] cleif]s cfh cln l9nf] cfOk'Uof] .
pm ;w}+ ToxL a]Grdf a:Yof] t/ cfh p;n] ToxfF l;6 kfPg / k5fl8sf]
a]Grdf uP/ a:of] . cfh p;sf] Wofg cGo s'/fdf eGbf a9L ;/sf] s'/fdf
s]lGb|t 5 . k5fl8af6 :d[ltl;t pd]z lhl:]sFb} u/]sf] p;n] b]Vof] . ca eg]
p;sf] Wofg ;/sf] s'/faf6 x6\of] . p;nfO{ pd]zsf] lqmofsnfkdf k6s–k6s
Wofg lbO/xg dg nfUof] . leqleq} cfglGbt x'g yfNof] pm . cf]7df Tof]
v';Lsf] nx/ k|:6} b]lvGYof] . ;fob p;sf] rfxgf klg To:t} lyof] . cfkm"n]
cj;/ gkfpFbf pm c¿sf] b]v]/} eP klg /dfOnf] ug{ yfNof] .
jf:tjdf Tof] cb\e't If0f xf], ha dfG5] c¿nfO{ b]v]/ cfkm\gf]
sNkgfsf] ;+;f/df /dfpg k'U5 . Tof] v';L p;n] cfkm\gf] lhGbuLdf cg'e"t
ug{ vf]H5 / PSn} d':s'/fpF5 . t/ jf:tljs hLjgn] eg] sNkgf;Fu slxNo}
;fIffTsf/ ub}{g . gq of] b'lgofFdf ;a} PSnf dfG5] v';L x'Gy] xf]nfg\ .
c¿s} v';Ldf /dfP/ .
Snf; ;lsPkl5 ljBfyL{x¿ xf]xNnf ub}{ aflx/ lgl:sg yfn] . pd]z /
cleif]ssf] ;flyTj ulxl/Fb} lyof] . cleif]s aflx/ cfOk'Ubf pd]z
p;nfO{ klv{/x]sf] lyof] . cfh klg b'j}hgf vfhf k;ndf uP . b'O{ Kn]6
dMd c8{/ ul/;s]kl5 pd]zn] ;f]Wof], æltdL r'/f]6 lkpF5f} <Æ
cleif]sn] klg pd]z r'/f]6 lkpFbf] /x]5 eGg] s'/f yfxf kfof] . gq
p;n] ;f]Wg] g} lyPg .
cleif]sn] æx'G5Æ eGof] .
ælbbL b'O{j6f r'/f]6 klg x} .Æ pd]zn] cfjfh sfpG6/;Dd k'Ug]u/L
cln hf]8n] eGof] . Ps} l5gdf ToxfF sfd ug]{ ;fgf] efO r'/f]6 / nfO6/
lnP/ 6]a'ndf cfOk'Uof] .
 ljBfyL{nfO{ ;a}eGbf ysfg nfUg] eg]s} sIffsf]7fdf a:bf xf] .
o'jfx¿sf nflu cr]n ysfg d]6fpg] d'Vo cf}iflw r'/f]6 ag]sf] 5 . cleif]sn]
nfdf] ;f;df r'/f]6 tfGb} 5tkl§ x]/]/ cf]7 uf]nf] kf/]/ w'jfF p8fof] . pm
;fx|} ylst b]lvGYof] . o;/L w'jfF p8fpFbf p;n] cfgGb dx;'; ul//x]sf] 5 .
sfFwsf] af]em e'OFdf /fv]kl5 el/ofn] h;/L /fxt dx;'; u5{, pm To:t}
b]lvof] .
vfhf vfPkl5 pgLx¿ ToxfFaf6 kmls{P . lxhf]h:tf] cleif]s cfh s]xL
af]Nf]g . b'j}hgf Ps;fy lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . t/ s'/f ug{nfO{ pgLx¿;Fu s'g}
ljifoj:t' g} 5}g . cleif]s cln df}g clg lzlyn b]lvGYof] . dfgfF}
p;nfO{ of] ;+;f/df s;}sf] dtna 5}g . af]n]/ c¿nfO{ l8:6a{ ug]{ kIfdf
5}g pm . ;8ssf] k]6Ldf lxF8\bf k;ndf nufPsf sfFrsf 9f]sfn] lbg]
k/fjt{gdf cfkm"nfO{ gx]g]{ k|foM gxf]nfg\ . cleif]sn] klg To:t} u¥of]
. p;n] dgdg} cfkm"nfO{ c;fWo} ;'Gb/ 7fGof] . 3/L afofF xftn]
lgwf/;Dd cfPsf] skfnnfO{ pm ;n{Ss bfofFkl§ kfYof]{ . dfG5]n]]
cfkm"nfO{ P]gfdf ;'Gb/ b]Vb}gYof] eg] ;fob p;n] P]gf x]g{ 5f]8\Yof]
xf]nf . lj8Dagf Û P]gfn] afXo ;'Gb/tf dfq b]vfpF5 .
j}zfv dlxgfsf] udL{df PSn} lxF8\g' ‰ofpFnfUbf] g} x'G5 . t/
;x/ ahf/sf] k]6Ldf lxF8\bf dfG5]x¿sf] eL8ef8 x'g] ePsfn] vf;} To:tf]
dx;'; x'Fb}g . Pp6} af6f] ;w}+ lxF8\g] ugf{n] klg xf]nf
cleif]snfO{ Tof] af6f] klxn]h:tf] nfdf] nfUb}g . lbpF;f]sf] nueu ;f9]
tLg alh;s]sf] lyof] . xf]:6]n k'Uf]/ ;6{ / df]hf wf]P/ pm 5fgfdf ;'sfpg
uof] . p;n] 5taf6} cfFksf] ?vd'lg s';L{df al;/x]sL Pp6L
s]6LnfO{ b]Vof] . ;fob pgL ;fgf] aRrf;Fu v]ln/x]sL lyOg\ . cleif]s To;
xf]:6]ndf a:g] k|foM ;a} ljBfyL{nfO{ lrG5 . p;nfO{ tL s]6L gofFh:t}
nfUof] . sfnf] l6;6{ / v}/f] /ªsf] ;'?jfn nufPsL pgnfO{ cleif]sn] lrGg
;s]g . ;fob Psfkl§af6 dfq} b]v]/ klg xf]nf . tf/df df]hf / ;6{ em'08\ofP/
pm Psl5g ToxLF 3fddf pleof] / pgL kmls{g] cfzfdf Psf]xf]/f]
x]l//Xof] .
aflx/L ;'Gb/tf s;} u/] klg n'Sb}g . Ps lsgf/af6 eP klg k|:6
emlNsG5 . h:tf] tfhdxnsf] ;'Gb/tf p;sf] h'g;'s} s'gf / sf]0faf6 klg
emlNsG5 . cleif]snfO{ pgL cfkm"lt/ gkmls{+bf;Dd x]l//xg dg nfUof]
. pm dgdg} /dfpg yfNof] . lbgel/ df}g b]lvPsf] cleif]ssf] d'xf/df
pHofnf] 5fof] . b'ef{Uo g} eGg'k5{ pm w]/}a]/ ToxfF a;] klg p;n] tL
b]jLsf] bz{g eg] kfpg ;s]g .
cleif]snfO{ of] xf]:6]ndf ls t pgL gofF x'g\ of t aflx/ st} al:5g\
eGg] nfUof] .

/ftsf] gf} aHg} nfu]sf] lyof] . c¿ ljBfyL{ e'OFtnfdf /x]sf] cWoog

sIfdf emf]nf af]s]/ hfFb} lyP . p;n] a]8df 5l/P/ /x]sf lstfax¿ ldnfP/
emf]nfdf xfNof] / 6fpsf] k5fl8 l;/fgLdf xft /fv]/ Psl5g ;':tfof] . lbpF;f]
cfFksf] ?vd'lg s';L{df a:g] s]6L sf] xf]nL < p;sf] dgdf lh1f;f knfof] .
lbpF;f] la|hsf];{, ;fFemdf k9fOsf] tof/L . vfgf vfof], ;'Tof] .
cleif]ssf] lbgrof{ o:t} ePsf] 5 . sIffsf]7fdf k'u]kl5 cleif]snfO{ cfkm"
l56f] cfOk'u]h:tf] nfUof] . pd]z eg] cem} cfOk'u]sf] lyPg . p;n]
emf]nf 8]:sdf /fVof] / To;}dfly 3f]K6f] k/]/ cf/fd ug{ yfNof] .
;do–;dodf pm 9f]sflt/ x]l//xGYof] . pd]z / :d[ltnfO{ ;Fu} cfO/x]sf]
b]v]/ Psl5g t cleif]s crDddf k¥of] . b'j}hgf p;sf] glhs} cfP . pm;Fu xft
ldnfO;s]kl5, pd]zn] cleif]slt/ b]vfpFb} eGof] æ:d[lt, pm d]/f] ;fyL
cleif]s .Æ :d[ltn] x]nf]] eGb} xft cufl8 a9fO{ . cleif]sn] klg x]nf]
eGb} xft ldnfof] .
æltdLx¿ Pp6} :s'n k9]sf] <Æ :d[ltn] ;f]wL .
aLr}df pd]z af]Nof], æxf]Og, oxL la|hsf];{ ug]{ qmddf e]l6Psf
xfdL .Æ cleif]snfO{ :d[ltsf] af/]df klg ;f]Wg dg lyof] t/ sIffsf]7fdf ;/
cfO;Sg'ePsf]n] pgLx¿ cf–cfkm\gf] l;6df uP/ a;] .
sIffsf]7fdf ;/n] k9fO/x]sf] a]nf :d[ltn] uf]nf] kf/]/ a]/]sf] sfuhsf]
6'qmf pd]zn] ;dfTof] . ;/lt/ Ps gh/ x]/]/ p;n] sfuh vf]Nof] . To;df
n]lvPsf] lyof]], æSofg o' lue dL of]/ ;fOG; gf]6 < lKnh ÛÆ
pd]zn] kl9;s]kl5 ToxL sfuhsf] 6'qmfdf n]Vof], æcf]s] Û cfkm\6/
Snf; .Æ
 lbpF;f] Snf; ;lsPkl5 ;a}hgf aflx/ lgl:sP . pd]zn]
cleif]snfO{ eGof], æcle ltd|f] ;fOG;sf] gf]6 b]pm g n Û :d[ltn] dfu]sL
5] .Æ
æ:d[ltnfO{ d]/f] gf]6 lsg rflxof] <Æ cleif]sn] k|Zg u¥of] .
æp;sf] tLg lbg 5'6]sf] xf]nf lg . l9nf] egf{ eP/ .Æ
cleif]sn] Aofuaf6 gf]6a's lgsfn]/ pd]znfO{ lbof] . aflx/ :d[lt
pd]znfO{ klv{/x]sL lyO{ . gf]6a's lnPkl5 :d[ltn] pd]znfO{ wGojfb
lbO{ .
a]n'sLkv cleif]s vfgf vfP/ ;'Tg] t/v/df lyof] . p;n] lj1fgsf]
gf]6a's ;lDemof] . st} d}n] g/fd|f] s'g} s'/f t n]v]sf] 5}g < pm cln
lrlGtt eof] . ;s];Dd ;lDemg] k|of; u¥of] . p;nfO{ To:tf] g/fd|f] s]xL
n]v]h:tf] nfUf]g . p cf]5\ofgdf uP/ klN6of] .

)))

cleif]s ;w}+em}+ cfh klg l56f] OG6]n cfOk'Uof] . :d[lt ToxL

a]Grdf al;/x]sL lyO{ . cleif]snfO{ b]v]/ p;n] d':s'/fpFb} xfO Û egL .
cleif]sn] klg xfO eGof] / cfkm\gf] a]Grdf uP/ a:of] .
æltd|f] XofG8/fOl6ª bfdL /}5 .Æ :d[ltn] gf]6a's lbFb} egL .
æwGojfb ÛÆ olt eg]/ cleif]s gf]6a'ssf kfgf kN6fP/ x]g]
{ yfNof] . p;n] cfkm"nfO{ wGo 7fGof] . / dgdg} eGof], s:;f]
cfkm\gf] gfdafx]s To:tf] grflxg] s]xL n]v]sf] /x]g5' .
cfh p;n] :d[lt;Fu} gofF ;'Gb/ s]6L 5]pdf a;]sf] b]Vof] . Tof] gofF
s]6L sf] /x]5 < p;nfO{ pT;'stf hfUof] . TolQs}df :d[ltn] egLxfnL,
æcleif]s Û pm d]/f] ;fyL l/lbdf .Æ
cleif]s d';'Ss xfF:of] . l/lbdfn] …x]nf]Ú eGb} xft xNnfO{ .
cleif]sn] klg x]nf] eGof] / ;f]Wof], æev{/} P8\ld;g ePsf] <Æ
aLr}df :d[lt af]nL, æx}g Û xfdLn] ;Fu} P8\ld;g u/]sf] . pm rflxF
csf]{ ;]S;gdf 5] .Æ
æP ÛÆ cleif]sn] 6fpsf] xNnfof] .
 l/lbdfn] :d[ltnfO{ cfkm\gf] ?ddf hfg] ;ª\s]t u/L . b'j}hgf p7]/
lgl:sg} nfUbf p;n] cleif]slt/ x]b}{ egL, æhfG5' n . afO{ ÛÆ
cleif]sn] d'xf/df d':sfg Nofof] / eGof], æafO ÛÆ
s]xL l5gkl5 pd]z cfOk'Uof] . pm x]b{} yfs]h:tf] b]lvGYof] .
Aofu 8\ofË a]Grdf /fVf]/ nfdf] ;f; km]¥of] . cleif]s;Fu xft ldnfpFb}
;f]Wof], æltdL sltv]/ cfOk'Uof} < :d[lt cfÚsL 5}g <Æ
æcfÚsL 5 .Æ cleif]sn] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbof] .
æP Û gf]6 NofOlbO{ To;n] <Æ pd]zn] :d[lteGbf a9L
gf]6nfO{ dxTTj lbFb} ;f]Wf]sf] b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ crDd nfUof] /
dgdg} eGof]– v'a axfgf agfpF5;\ Û t/ p;n] s]xLa]/df hjfkm lbof],
æd}n] kfO;s]F .Æ

;/ cfP;Fu} c¿ ljBfyL{x¿ klg sIffsf]7fdf k|j]z ug{ yfn] . :d[lt;Fu}

df]6L s]6L klg cfP/ cufl8sf] a]Grdf a;L . gfd alatf /] . dfG5]eg]
xfQLh:t} df]6L . eG5g\, rZdf nufpFbf s]6L dfG5] So'6 b]lvG5g\ /] . t/
alatf < eGg} gldNg] .

cfh pd]zsf] sflndf6L hfg'kg]{ sfd ePsf]n] pm Ps ah]lt/ cleif]s;Fu

labf eP/ lgl:sof] . cleif]s eg] Snf; ;lsPkl5 PSn} af6f]df lxFl8/x]sf]
lyof] . k5fl8af6 p;nfO{ s;}n] af]nfof] . kms]{/ x]bf{ :d[lt kf] /lx5] .
æltdL <Æ p;n] crDd dfGb} ;f]Wof], æstf hfGf nfu]sf] <Æ
:d[ltn] ;xh} hjfkm lbO{, æ3/ ÛÆ
æd ;w}+ oxL af6f] t hfG5' lg Û k'/fgf] a;kfs{af6 uf8L r9]/ .Æ
cleif]sn] a'em]em}+ u/]/ 6fpsf] xNnfof] . ltdL a:g] s'g 7fpF /]
< p;n] km]l/ ;f]Wof] . cleif]snfO{ :d[ltsf] af/]df klxn]b]lv g} hfGg]
dg lyof] . cfh aNn p;n] lgw{Ss eP/ ;f]Wg] df}sf kfof] .
æhfjnfv]n ÛÆ
æhfjnfv]n sxfF, lrl8ofvfgfdf <Æ cleif]sn] 76\of}nL kf/fdf
km]l/ ;f]Wof] . :d[ltn] cfFvf 7"nf] kfb}{ egL, æs] /] <Æ
 æs]xL x}g .Æ p;n] s'/f 6fg{ vf]Hof] / ;f]Wof], æhfjnfv]n sxfF lg
<Æ
:d[ltn] p;sf] k|ZgnfO{ jf:tf gu/L egL, æltdLnfO{ hfjnfv]nsf]
lrl8ofvfgf dfq yfxf 5 ls Sof xf] < afO b j] lrl8ofvfgfdf dfG5]
a:b}gg\ .Æ
:d[lt r'k nfUf]/ b'O{ sbd cufl8 a9L . :d[ltn] To;/L hjfkm
kmsf{Pkl5 cleif]snfO{ cfkm"n] uNtL u/]h:tf] nfUof] . p;n] klg
cfkm\gf kfOnf cln l56f] cl3 a9fof] / :d[lt;Fu} lxF8\g yfNof] .
p;nfO{ :d[lt l/;fPem}+ nfUof] . To;}n] cfkm\gf] s'/fnfO{ :ki6
kfg{ eGof], æd]/f] dtna Tof] lyPg .Æ
:d[ltn] cleif]ssf] d'xf/df x]/L . p;n] cleif]s uDeL/ ePsf] b]Vf]/
cfkm"nfO{ s8f ¿kdf k|:t't ub}{ egL, æb]g\ Xjf6 l88\ o' ldg <Æ
cleif]snfO{ cfkm"n] u/]sf] Jojxf/k|lt k5'tf] nfUg yfNof] .
p;nfO{ ca s] eGg] eg]/ s'g} pkfo g} cfPg . pm dgdg} ;f]Rg yfNof]–
cfkm"n] u/]sf] ;fgf] dhfsn] st} :d[ltsf] dg t b'v]g < ca s] eGg] xf]nf
< cleif]s cflQPsf] / c:ki6 ePsf] s'/f :d[ltn] yfxf kfO;s]sL lyO{ . cleif]s
cndndf k¥of] . b'j} ;Fu} lxFl8/x]sf 5g\ . t/ klg pgLx¿sf aLrdf Ps k|
sf/sf] b"/L g} b]lvG5 . aftlrtsf] b"/L .
…;/LÚ eGg] ls s] eGg] eg]/ cleif]s dl:tisdf s'/f v]nfO/x]sf] lyof] .
dgdg} ;f]Rof], s]6LdfG5]n] cª\u|]hL af]n]sf] t s:tf] ;'xfpg] Û :d[ltn]
k6sk6s af]Ng] cª\u|]hLnfO{ p;n] gf]l6; ub}{ lyof] . hltv]/ klg o;nfO{
cª\u|]hL af]Ng'k5{ < p;n] cfkm}+nfO{ k|Zg u¥of] .
afuahf/sf] cfsf;]k'naf6 b'j} cf–cfkm\gf] af6f] nfUg] eP . p;n]
cfsf;]k'n cfpg'cufj} :d[ltnfO{ eGof], æd}n] dhfs kf] u/]sf] . ltdLn]
l;l/o;nL lnof} ls Sof xf] ÛÆ
cleif]snfO{ …pNn'Ú agfPsf]df :d[lt leqleq} dVv lyO{ . dfgf}+
s'g} 7"nf] o'4 g} lht]h:tf] . t/ klg p;n] axfgf kfb}{ egL, æO6\;
kmfOg . lne O6\ ÛÆ o;f] ubf{ :d[ltsf] dgnfO{ w]/} /fxt ldNof] .
:d[ltnfO{ nfUof]– p;n] cleif]snfO{ efjgfTds ¿kn] k|xf/ u/]/ cfkm\gf]
v'§fdf n8fpg ;kmn eO{ .
 b'j} 5'l§g] 7fpF klg cfof] . cleif]sn] :d[ltnfO{ …afO{Ú
eGof] . :d[ltn] klg afO{ egL, t/ cln a]/ nufP/ . cem}
cleif]snfO{ cfkm"n] uNtL u/]h:tf] dx;'; eO/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] Psk6s
k]ml/ …;/LÚ eGof] . t/ :d[ltn] o;k6s s'g} hjfkm glbO{ ;/f;/ cfkm\gf]
af6f] nfuL .
af6f]el/ cleif]s ToxL s'/f ;f]Rg yfNof] . p;sf] dg lvGg eP/ cfof] .
d}n] :d[ltl;t dhfs ug{ gx'g] /}5, dgdg} eGof] .
ptf :d[lt xtf/–xtf/ ub}{ k'/fgf] a;kfs{af6 dfOqmf] r9L . a;df
al;/xFbf p;n] cleif]s;Fu ePsf] s'/f ;DemL / dgdg} v';L xF'b} egL,
æs:tf] kª\u' /x]5 .Æ p;nfO{ nfUof]– s]6fx¿ o:t} x'G5g\ .
cfkm"nfO{ :df6{ b]vfP/ k|efljt kfg{ cleif]sn] To:tf] eg]sf] x'g'k5{,
:d[lt o:t} ;f]Rg yfnL .

)))

cleif]s Sofn]G8/ lnP/ k|zff;lgs sIfdf k'Uof] . ToxfF p;n] s]xL

lbgcufl8 cfFksf] af]6d'lg b]v]sf] s]6LnfO{ b]Vof] . ;/sf] cfu|xdf p;n]
glhs} plePsL dlxnfnfO{ Sofn]G8/ lbof] . ;fob pgL Tof] s]6LsL cfdf
lyOg\ . cleif]sn] kms]{/ s]6LnfO{ x]g{ vf]Hof] . s]6L t klxn]b]lv g}
p;}nfO{ x]l//x]sL /lx5] . b'j}sf cfFvf h'w] . Psl5g pgLx¿sf rf/ cfFvfaLr
jftf{nfk eof] . hLjgsf] Pp6f ofqf g} to ePh:tf] . tL lgbf]{if cfFvfdf
lgZ5n efj 5rlNs/x]sf] dx;'; eof] p;nfO{ . cg'xf/df ;f}Gbo{ yKg] tL ;fgf
u'Rrfh:t} cfFvf p;nfO{ lgs} lk|o nfUf] .
Æ :jl:tdf ÛÆ dlxnfsf] cfjfhn] cleif]ssf] Psfu|tf eª\u eof] . p;n]
gh/ 9f]sflt/ df]8\of] / ToxfFaf6 aflx/ lgl:sof] .
Tof] lbg d'xf/ b]Vg gkfPsf] cleif]sn] cfh cfFvfsf] ulx/f] ;fu/sf]
df]tL b]Vg kfof] . Tof]] ulx/fOdf kf}l8g gkfP klg p;n] cfTdLotfsf]
dL7f] cfef; eg] kfof] .
pm ;Lw} ?ddf uof] . dgdf a9]sf] sf}t'xntfn] p;nfO{ vfhf vfg dg
klg nfu]g . t/ s]xLa]/ cufl8 p;nfO{ c;fWo} ef]s nfu]sf] lyof] . vfh}
gvfO{ pm cfkm\gf] ?ddf uof] . Aofuaf6 k':ts lems]/ o;f] kN6fof] t/
p;sf] cWoogk|ltsf] ?lr g} x/fP/ uof] . k':ts ;fO8 nufP/ pm ToxLF
klN6of] .
b]Vgdf :jl:tdf hlt ;'Gb/ nfUyL, p;sf] gfd klg Tolt g} ;'Gb/ nfUof]
p;nfO{ . dgdg} ;f]Rof], k|foM ;'Gb/ dfG5]sf] gfd klg ;'Gb/ g}
x'Fbf] /x]5 .
sDd/;Dd km}lnPsf] :jl:tdfsf] nfdf] skfn . unfdf cfe"if0fsf ¿kdf
;lhPsf] rfFbLsf] l;qmL . gLnf] /ªsf] l6–;6{ . ;a} kl/wfg p;sf] ux'Fuf]/f]
g/d 5fnf ePsf] z/L/df ;'xfpFbf] b]lvGYof] . p;sf] 7"nf] cg'xf/sf aLrdf
6';'Ss a;]sf] gfs / cln dfly bfofF / afofFkl§ km]jftfn / ¿kf tfnh:t} l:y/
/x]sf sfnf gogn] p;sf] gf/L ;f}Gbo{nfO{ k"0f{tf k|bfg u/]sf lyP .
s]xL a]/sf] Tof] x]/fOn] s] hfb' nfP5 s'lGg Û p;sf] dgdf stf–stf
sfps'tL nfu]em}+ eof] . af]nrfnlag} dgsf] efj ;~rf/ eof] . dgdf xnrn
g} Nofpg] u/L v} s] eof] s] eof] . h] eP klg of] p;sf nflu cgf}7f]
cg'e"lt lyof] . x]/fOkl5 p;sf] dg t/ª\lut / k|km'lNnt eof] .
:jl:tdfsf] af/]df w]/} s'/f yfxf geP klg cleif]snfO{ b'O6f s'/f eg]
yfxf eof] . Pp6f, :jl:tdf cab]lv ToxL xf]:6]ndf a:g] / csf]{ pm
cfkm"eGbf h'lgo/ ljwfyL{ xf] .
/fltsf] vfgf vfPkl5 pm ?ddf a;]/ afFsL cEof; ub}{ lyof] .
xf]:6]nsf c¿ ;a} ljBfyL{ cWoog sIfdf uO;s]sf lyP . :d[lt;Fu ul/Psf] Tof]
gdL7f] 7§fn] p;sf] dg stfstf s'Fl8Psf] lyof] . To;n] p;nfO{ cfTdUnflg
u/fO/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] dgdg} ;f]Rof], ef]ln cln l56f] Snf;df uP/ :d[lt;Fu
o;af/] s'/f ug'{knf{ . p;n] laxfg l/lbdf;Fusf] e]6 ;lDemof] . l/lbdf;Fu
p;n] w]/} s'/f ug}{ kfPg . g t p;n] :d[lt;Fu l/lbdfsf] af/]df ;f]Wof] .
l/lbdf p;nfO{ :d[lteGbf km/s nfuL . yf]/} af]Ng], ;xh x[bo / ;/n :jefjsL
.

)))

laxfg ;ft gaHb} cleif]ssf] df]afOndf 306L aHof] . pd]zn] u/]sf] /x]5 .
 æx]nf] Û s] ul//f ltdL, p7\of 5}gf}+ <Æ pd]zn] ;f]Wof] .
æ5}g of/ ÛÆ cleif]sn] cw{lgb|fd} eGof] .
æcfh cf7 ah]b]lv k/LIff 5 . lbg] x}g <Æ
aNn cleif]snfO{ yfxf eof] ls cfh t zlgaf/ xf] . æcf]xf] Û lbg] xf]
of/ k/LIff t .Æ pm cQflnPemF}+ u/L af]Nof] .
æn n cle cln l5§} cfOk'u x} .Æ olt eGf]/ pd]zn] kmf]g /fVof] .

k/LIff ;lsPkl5 aflx/ :d[lt / l/lbdf;Fu e]6 eof] . cleif]sn] ;ª\sf]r

dfGb} b'j}nfO{ …xfO{Ú eGof] . pd]zn] b'j};Fu xft ldnfof] . pd]zn]
l/lbdfnfO{ klg lrg]sf] 5 eGg] s'/f cleif]snfO{ yfxf lyPg . pd]zn] xft
ldnfO{ /xFbf cleif]s cfZro{ dfGb} x]l//x]sf] lyof] . dgdg} cgf}7f]
dfGb} eGof], ;fnf emfkfnL t af]sf /x]5 .
æcf]O Û hfd\ .Æ pd]zn] cleif]ssf] sfFwdf xft /fVb} eGof] .
æsxfF hfg] <Æ
aLr}df :d[lt af]nL, ækmgkfs{ .Æ
æxF <Æ pm cndndf k¥of] . p;nfO{ kmgkfs{ hfg] of]hgf 5
eGg] yfxf g} lyPg . pd]zn] klg p;nfO{ o;af/] s]xL atfPsf] lyPg .
rf/}hgf kmgkfs{lt/ nfu] . /]i6'/]G6df vfhf vfPkl5 pgLx¿ /f]6]lkª
r9\g uP . pd]z / :d[lt Pp6f l;6df / csf]{ l;6df cleif]s l/lbdf a;] . /f]6]lkª
j]udf rNg yfNof] . s]6fs]6Lx¿ hf]8n] s/fP . sf]xL 8/n] t sf]xL /dfOnf]
dfGb} . l/lbdfnfO{ 8/ nfu]5 Sof/] . p;n] cleif]snfO{ s;]/ cFufnf] xfnL .
cleif]snfO{ o;/L klxn] s;}n] cª\sdfn u/]sf] lyPg . p;sf] z/L/df a]Un}
t/Ë k}bf eof] . p;n] la:tf/} l/lbdfsf] cg'xf/df x]¥of] . l/lbdfsf cfFvf aGb
lyP . c¿ ;a} s/fP klg l/lbdf eg] s/fPsL lyOg . cleif]sn] klg l/lbdfnfO{
;lhnf] x'g] u/L cfkm"nfO{ ;DxfNof] .
/f]6] lkªaf6 emg]{lalQs} p;n] l/lbdfnfO{ ;f]Wof], æltdLn] lsg
cfFvf aGb u/]sf] <Æ
ædnfO{ 8/ nfu]/ lg .Æ l/lbdfn] hjfkm lbO{ .
æP Û xf] / <Æ cleif]s / pd]z b'j} xfF:g yfn] .
æp;sf] km:66fOd xf] .Æ aLr}df :d[lt af]nL .
 cleif]snfO{ :d[ltl;t lxhf]sf] 7§fsf] af/]df s'/f ug{ kfP x'GYof] em}
+ nflu/x]sf] lyof] . t/ p;sf] cfTdLo Jojxf/ b]v]/ :d[ltn] dfOG8 ul//x]sf]
h:tf] nfu]g . :d[lt c¿ s]6LeGbf v'n]/ s'/f u5]{ . ;fob p;n] To:tf ;fgfltgf
xfF;f] dhfsnfO{ jf:tf ulb{g .
cleif]sn] l/lbdfnfO{ x]¥of] . slt ;/n 5] pm Û cfFvfdf /fVbf klg
glaemfpg]h:tL . sd af]Ng] eP klg l/lbdf /dfOnf] nfUof] p;nfO{ . x'g t
cfhef]lnsf s]6Lx¿ sxfF ;/n x'G5g\ / < Tof] klg sf7df8f}+sf . t/
l/lbdfnfO{ b]Vbf j/k/sf] df};d klg zfGt nfU5 . l;Dkn x'g'sf] klg ;Ldf
x'G5 lg of/ . dgdg} cleif]s o:t} s'/f v]nfP/ pleO/x]sf] lyof] . pd]z l6s6
lnP/ cfof] .
æhfd 8'ª\uf r9\g .Æ pd]zn] ;a}nfO{ Oª\lut ub}{ eGof] .
pgLx¿ 8'ª\uf r9\g uP . ToxfF klg pgLx¿ klxn]h:t} u/L a;] .
æo;df t 8/fpFb}gf}+ lg <Æ cleif]sn] l/lbdfnfO{ eGof] .
ægfOF .Æ l/lbdf 8'ª\ufdf r9L . ;Fu;Fu} cleif]s klg r9\of] .
cleif]sn] l/lbdfsf] af/]df w]/} s'/f ;f]Wof] / p;n] cfkm"af/] ;f]w]sf
s'/f klg ;a} atfof] . p;n]] df]afOn lemSof] / eGof], ækmf]6f] lvrf}+ g
x} .Æ
l/lbdfn] ;xdlt hgfO{, æx'G5 .Æ
;'Gb/ o'jtL;Fu kmf]6f] lvRg kfpFbf cleif]sn] cfkm"nfO{ efUodfgL
;lDemof] .

vfhf vfO;s]kl5 cleif]s k};f ltg{ sfpG6/df uof] .

æ;a}n] ldnfP/ lt/f}+ g .Æ l/lbdfn] cleif]snfO{ ;'gfpFb} egL . t/,
cleif]sn] ;'g]/ klg g;'g]em}+ u¥of] . lbgel/ /dfOnf] u/]/ rf/}hgf
a]n'sLkv kmls{P .
?ddf k'Uf]kl5 cleif]snfO{ Pp6f s'/fsf] k5'tf] nfUof] . p;n]
l/lbdfsf] df]afOn gDa/ dfUg ;SYof] . p;n] t km];a's cfO8L klg dfu]g .
l/lbdfnfO{ :d[ltn] æl/Æ eg]/ af]nfpFbf ;fx|} ;'xfpF5 . pm slNkg
yfNof] . xf]:6]n k'lu;Sbf ;fx|} yfs]sf] cleif]s a]8df cf/fd ub}{ lgbfof] .
 ;fFemkv lgsL …bfbf–bfbfÚ eGb} cleif]ssf] ?dd} cfOk'UfL . lgsL
sIff % df k9\b} 5] . p;nfO{ gf]6a's lsGg'kg]{ ePsf]n] bfbfnfO{ eGg
cfPsL /lx5] .
alxgLnfO{ ;Fu} lnP/ pm k':ts k;n lxF8\of] . æxf]djs{ EofO;\ t}
+n] <Æ cleif]sn] alxgLnfO{ ;f]Wof] . æcF ;lsof] . ca Dofysf] dfq
afFsL 5 .Æ pm bfbf;Fu km6fkm6 lxF8\g yfnL . æghfg]sf] dnfO{
;f]Wg cfpg' x} ÛÆ p;n] alxgLnfO{ ;DemfpFb} eGof] .
æghfg]sf s'/f dnfO{ lbbLn] l;sfOlbg'x'G5 .Æ
æsf] lbbL <Æ
Æ :jl:tdf .Æ lgsLn] km§ hjfkm lbO{ .
cleif]s Psl5g r'k nfUof] / eGof], æP xf] / < ;a} l;sfOlbG5] t
lbbLn] <Æ lgsLn] 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} egL, æcF .Æ
alxgLnfO{ :6]zg/L ;fdfg / s]xL vfg]s'/f lsg]/ pm s]xL ;dokl5
xf]:6]n kmls{of] .

)))
;dosf] /km\tf/;Fu} oL rf/hgfsf] ldqtf klg k|uf9 aGb} lyof] .
lxhf]cfh cleif]s, pd]z / :d[lt k|foM ;Fu} b]lvG5g\ . Snf;6fOd afx]s
l/lbdf klg pgLx¿;Fu} x'G5] . vfhf vfFbf xf];\ of s'g} Pp6f ;fyLsf] sfd
kbf{ xf];\, k|foM rf/}hgf ;Fu} hfG5g\ . pgLx¿sf] of] 3lgi7tfsf] qmd
lbg–k|ltlbg al9/x]sf] lyof] .
cfh klg vfhf vfO;s]kl5 cleif]sn] g} k};f lt¥of] . pd]z / :d[lt
cfkm\g} s'/fdf Jo:t lyP . l/lbdf eg] pgLx¿s} ;fO8df pleP/ s'/f ;'g] klg
g;'g]em}+ ub}{ cleif]snfO{ x]l//x]sL lyO{ . l/lbdf Tolt ;fx|f]
af]lNbgF, hlt :d[lt / pd]z af]N5g\ . cl3cl3 pd]z / :d[lt ukm ub}{ lgl:sP
. kl5kl5 cleif]s / l/lbdf . pd]z / :d[lt sfFw hf]8]/ s'/f ub}{ lxFl8/x]sf
lyP eg] cleif]s / l/lbdf 7Ls To;sf] ljk/Lt . o:tf] nfUYof]– pgLx¿ cem}
Ps–csf{sf nflu c~hfg 5g\ .
pd]z / :d[ltnfO{ b]Vbf slxn]sfxLF cleif]snfO{ nfUYof]–
pgLx¿aLr k|]d ;DaGw 5 . Ps–b'O{k6s t p;n] pd]znfO{ ;f]w]sf] klg
lyof] . t/ pd]zn] To:tf] s]xL geO{ /fd|f] ;fyL dfq ePsf] atfPsf] lyof] .
af6f]sf] ;fF3'/f] k]6Ldf lxF8\bf s}of}+k6s cleif]s / l/lbdf 7f]lsg
k'Uy] . l/lbdf k6sk6s ;/L eGg] uyL{ . cleif]s :jefj}n] sd af]Ng] eP klg
cfhef]ln emg} sd af]Ng yfn]sf] 5 . nfU5– p;nfO{ af]Ng] hfFu/ g}
5}g . dgdf s]xL s'/fn] lk/f]ln/x]h:tf] . vfhf vfFbf klg s'g} a]nf
;fyLx¿sf] s'/feGbf klg cs}{ b'lgofFdf x/fPh:tf] b]lvG5 pm . s]xL s'/f
n'sfpg vf]h]h:tf], s'g} ulx/f] ;f]rdf 8'a]h:tf] b]lvG5 cleif]s . of] ;a}
s'/f l/lbdfn] ljrf/ ul//x]sL lyO{ .
cleif]s xf]:6]n cfOk'Ubf c¿ ljBfyL{ cem} :s'naf6 kms]{sf lyPgg\
. p;n] af]Qnaf6 3636L kfgL lkof] / a]8df h'Qf g} gvf]nL klN6of] .
nueu Ps 306fkl5 :s'naf6 ljBfyL{x¿ xNnf ub}{ xf]:6]n kmls{P . ToxL
xf]xNnfn] cleif]s AoF'lemof] . Aff]tndf kfgL ;lsPsf] /x]5 . pm tn
lsr]gdf uof] . ToxfF p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ vfhf vfO/x]sf] b]Vof] . pm ToxLF
pleP/ :jl:tdfnfO{ x]g{ yfNof] . hlt x]/fx]/ eP klg tL b'O{sf cfFvfn] cfh
eg] jftf{nfk ug{ kfPgg\ . :jl:tdf ;fyLx¿l;t Jo:t lyO{ . :jl:tdfn] Psk6s klg
cleif]slt/ gx]/]kl5 p;nfO{ gdHhf nfUof] . p;n] cfzf u/]sf] lyof] ls,
:jl:tdf p;nfO{ x]g]{5 . t/ vfhf ;lsFbf;Dd p;n] Psk6s klg gx]/]kl5 cleif]s
lg/fz eof] .
slxn]sfxLF dfG5]n] ck]Iff u/]sf] s'/f geOlbFbf dg lvGg x'g'
:jfefljs} xf] . t/ ha :jl:tdf lsr]gaf6 lgl:sg} cfF6]sL lyO{, p;n] cgf}7f]
kf/fn] cleif]snfO{ x]/L . cleif]ssf] dgdf v';Lsf] nx/ 5fof] . km]l/ tL
b'O{ hf]8L cfFvfaLr n'sfdf/L eof] . cleif]ssf] ;f/f lbgsf] ysfg Ps l5gd}
x/fP/ uof] . s]xL a]/cl3 dg lvGg kfb}{ lg/fz ePsf] cleif]s kne/d} k|m];
eof] .
/fltsf] vfgf vfP/ cleif]s afy?daf6 cfkm\gf] ?dleq k:g} cfF6]sf]
lyof] . k5fl8af6 …cleif]s bfO ÛÚ egL s;}n] af]nfof] . kms]{/
x]bf{ Psl5g t pm 6\jfNn k¥of] . Tof] dL7f] cfjfh c¿ s;}sf] geP/
:jl:tdfsf] lyof] . ;fydf lgsLnfO{ klg b]v]kl5 p;n] cln ;xh dx;'; u¥of] .
:jl:tdf;Fu klxnf]k6s s'/f ul//xFbf cleif]snfO{ Psbd} cK7\of/f]
nfUof] . ;fdfGo kl/rokl5 lgsL / :jl:tdf cWoog sIflt/ nfu] .
 )))

la|hsf];{ ;lsg klg yf]/} lbg afFsL lyP . lbpF;f] b'O{ ah]kl5
OlG:6Ro'6aflx/ rf/}hgfsf] e]6 eof] . vfhf vfg] of]hgfcg'¿k pgLx¿ ;w}
+em}+ ToxL vfhf k;ndf uP . lr;f] / dMd c8{/ ug]{lalQs} l/lbdfn] skfn
ldnfpFb} egL, æcfh vfhfsf] k};f d lt5'{ n .Æ
ælsg / < ltd|f] hGdlbg xf] cfh <Æ cleif]sn] 76\of}nL kf/fn]
eGof] .
æxf]Og . ay{8] eP dfq lt5{g\ / <Æ l/lbdfn]] k|ltk|Zg u/L . vfhf
vfO;s]kl5 cleif]s sfpG6/df uof] . ;Fu;Fu} l/lbdf klg uO{ / egL, æd
lt5'{ x} cfh . d}n] cl3 g} elg;s]F .Æ
p;n] l/lbdfsf] d'vdf x]¥of] / eGof], ækb}{g . d lt/L xfN5' lg .Æ
b'j}hgfn] d}n] lt5'{, d}n] lt5'{ eGb} lh2L ul//xFbf k;n] lbbL
d';'d';' xfF:g yflng\ . sl/a tLg–rf/ ldg]6sf] ljjfbkl5 b'j}hgf cfwfcfwf ltg{
;xdt eP . t/ b'j}n] dgdf vNnf] dx;'; ul//x] .
æcab]lv d ltdLx¿;Fu vfhf vfg cfplbgF x} ÛÆ xf]6]naf6 lgl:sFb}
l/lbdfn] egL .
ælsg <Æ s] ef] tFnfO{ < :d[ltn] ;f]WfL .
ævfhfsf] k};f lhl6lkP; ug]{ eP dfq .Æ l/lbdfn] egL . aLrdf pd]z
af]Nof], æs] xf] Tof] lhl6lkP; eg]sf] <Æ
æuf]Oª 6'Uf]b/ k]Oª ;]k/]6Æ l/lbdfn] cln rsf]{ :j/df egL . p;n]
km]l/ ykL, æxfdL ;a} :6'8]G6;\ xf}+ of/ . oxfF s;}n] sdfpFb}g .
Pp6}n] ltbf{ cln /dfOnf] x'Fb}g .Æ c¿ s]–s] eGb} Psl5gdf l/lbdf r'k
nfuL .
cleif]sn] l/lbdfsf] ;a} s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'Gof] . pm s]xL af]Nf]g .
p;nfO{ l/lbdfsf] s'/f 7Ls} nfUof] . kms]{/ l/lbdfnfO{ x]¥of] . slt
;dembf/ s]6L . s;n] l;sfpF5 o:tf] s'/f p;nfO{ < dgdg} ;f]Rof] . l/lbdfn]
ug]{ x/]s Jojxf/ cleif]snfO{ dg k5{ . l/lbdf ldng;f/ 5] . sf];Fu s:tf]
Jojxf/ ug'{k5{ p;nfO{ ;a} yfxf 5 .
 cleif]sn] crfgs l/lbdfsf] df]afOn gDa/ dfUof] . p;n] cln rsf]{
:j/d} egL, æ5}g d;Fu df]afOn .Æ
l/lbdf;Fu df]afOn 5 eGg] s'/f cleif]snfO{ yfxf 5 . l/lbdfn] To;/L
hjfkm lbPsf]df p;nfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] . p;n]] lh2L ug{ klg ;s]g .
dfUg gx'g] s'/fsf] p;nfO{ af]w eof] . ltdL;Fu t df]afOn 5 lg eg]/ Psl5g
t p;nfO{ eGg dg klg nfu]sf] lyof] . km]l/ ;f]Rof] glbg] g} ePkl5 axfgf
h] agfP klg eOxfNof] lg . cleif]sn] km]l/ dfUg] cfF6 u/]g .
p;nfO{ nfUof]– km]l/ dfu]/ cfkm"nfO{ lg/fz / p;nfO{ emsf]{ nfpg'
x'Fb}g . kmf]g gDa/ dfUf]/ cfkm"n] 7"n} uNtL u/]h:tf] nfUof] .
cleif]s sd af]Ng] ePs} sf/0fn] xf]nf c¿n] p;nfO{ a'‰g g;s]sf . p;sf]
lrQ b'v]sf] s'/fsf] c¿nfO{ cfef; g} ePg . pgLx¿ ;w}+em}+ 5'l§P .
dgdf gfgfefFtL s'/f v]nfpFb} pm nv/nv/ xf]:6]n cfOk'Uof] .
w]/} lbgkl5 cfh alxgL / :jl:tdf cleif]ssf] ?ddf cfP . cleif]s ?ddf
PSn} lyof] . :jl:tdfn] cleif]ssf] af/]df ;f]Wbf lgsLn] g} w]/} s'/f eg]sL
lyO{ . :jl:tdf * sIffdf k9\g] s'/f cleif]snfO{ klg yfxf lyof] Û t/ klg
p;n] ;f]lwxfNof], æltdL s'g Snf;df k9\g] <Æ
æsIff * df .Æ p;n] egL .
æ3/ s'g 7fpF xf] lg <Æ cleif]sn] km]l/ ;f]Wof], æwgu9L ÛÆ
p;n] atfO{ .
cleif]s leqL ¿kdf Psbd} ge{; eP klg p;n] aflx/ To:tf] efj b]vfPg .
pm s'/f nDAofpg rfxGYof] . dgdf w]/} s'/f v]ln/xFbf klg pm lkmN6/
u/]/ dfq af]NYof] . s] af]Ng] < s;/L af]Nbf k|efj k5{ < o:tf s'/f pm
dgdf w]/} s]nfpFYof] . :jl:tdfn] lbPsf 5f]6f hjfkmn] cleif]snfO{ nfUof]
pm xtf/df 5] . lgsL ToltGh]n;Dd df]afOndf kmf]6f] x]b}{ lyO{ . …ca
xfdL k9\g hfG5f}+Ú eGb} :jl:tdf / lgsL k7g sIflt/ nfUf] .
cleif]s sf]7fdf a;]/ cEof; ug{ yfNof] . cfkm\gf] sfd ;lsPkl5 p;n]
df]afOndf k]m;a's vf]Nof] . l/lbdfnfO{ p;n] k|m]G8 l/Sj]:6 k7fPsf]
cfh tLg lbg eO;Sof] t/ klg p;n] PS;]K6 u/]sL 5}g . p;n] pd]zl;t Psl5g
s'/f u¥of] . h?/L sfd k/]sfn] pd]zn] ef]ln Snf; cfpg g;Sg] atfof] .
 km];a's aGb u/]/ lgbfpg vf]Hof] . t/ p;nfO{ cem} lgGb|f nfu]g .
:jl:tdfn] bfO eGf]/ ;Daf]wg ubf{ p;nfO{ cK7\of/f] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . t/
klg pm v';L 5 . dgdf w]/} s'/f v]nfpg yfNof] . ef]ln g}
:jl:tdfnfO{ e]6]/ w]/} s'/f ug{ dg nfUof] p;nfO{ . km]l/ ;f]Rof]– ;w}+
e]6 eOxfN5 lg lsg xtf/ ug]{ <
:jl:tdf cln kl/kSj b]lvG5] . sIffsf c¿ ljBfyL{eGbf pm ;dembf/ klg
5] . zf/Ll/s ¿kdf klg pm c¿eGbf x'ls{;s]sL lyO{ . cleif]snfO{ :jl:tdfsf]
pd]/ ;f]Wg dg nfu]sf] lyof] t/ p;n] c;lhnf] kf] dfG5] ls eG7fGof] .
:jl:tdf xfF;]sf] a]nf c;fWo} /fd|L b]lvG5], of] s'/f p;n] w]/}k6s gf]l6;
u/]sf] lyof] .
alxgLx¿;Fu Pp6} ?ddf a:g] eP/ klg xf]nf . pm ;fx|} ldN5] .
:jl:tdfsf] af/]df cleif]snfO{ cem w]/} s'/f hfGg dg 5 . t/ p;n] xtfl/g'kg]
{ sf/0f b]v]g . :jl:tdf xf]:6]n / :s'n 5f8]/ l5§} cGt ghfg] s'/fdf pm 9'Ss
5 . To;}n] s'g} lbg ;do ldnfP/ p;sf] af/]df ;f]Wg] dg;fo agfof] .

)))

cleif]s cfh sIffdf PSn} 5 . :d[lt klg cfPsL 5}g . :d[lt lsg gcfPsL
xf]nL < p;n] dgdg} ;f]Rof] . Psl5g t alatfnfO{ ;f]Wg vf]Hof] . t/ klxn]
slxNo} gaf]n]sfn] p;nfO{ ;f]Wg cK7\of/f] nfUof] . Snf; ;lsPkl5
l/lbdfnfO{ ;f]Wg' plrt 7fGof] . t/ km]l/ v} lsglsg p;n] Snf; ;lsPkl5
l/lbdfnfO{ e]6]g . ;fob df]afOn gDa/ glbPsfn] xf]nf . p;n] l/lbdf;Fu
klg af]Ng cK7\of/f] dx;'; u¥of] . ef]ln t pd]z / :d[lt b'j} cfOxfN5g\ lg .
p;n] cfkm}+nfO{ ljZj:t kf¥of] .
cfh pm cln l5§} xf]:6]n cfOk'Uof] . af]Ng] ;fyL gx'Fbf ;do v]/
hfg] s'/} ePg . nueu ;jf $ alh;s]sf] lyof] . æbfO ÛÆ cleif]ssf] ?d
glhs} cfP/ :jl:tdfn] af]nfO{ . leqaf6 s'g} k|ltlqmof gcfPkl5 p;n]
la:tf/} 9f]sf ws]nL . cleif]s df]afOndf uLt ;'Gb} al;/x]sf] lyof] . p;n]
9f]sfaf6 :jl:tdfnfO{ b]Vof] . :jl:tdfnfO{ tnb]lv dfly;Dd ;/;tL{ x]¥of] .
:jl:tdfn] ;]tf] l6–;6{ / sfnf] kfOG6 nufPsL lyO{ . p;sf] v'Nn} skfn
x]l//x"Fh:tf] lyof] .
pgLx¿ ;fdfGo s'/f ub}{ lyP . cleif]sn] :jl:tdfsf] kl/jf/sf] af/]df
hfGg vf]Hof] .
æltd|f] 8\of8L sxfF x'g'x'G5 < s] ug'{x'G5 <Æ olt dfq} s]
;f]w]sf] lyof], :jl:tdfsf cfFvfaf6 a//{ cfF;' emg{ yfn] . Psl5g cufl8
;fdfGo b]lvg] b'j} efj's ag] . cleif]sn] s]6LdfG5] o;/L /f]Psf] slxNo}
b]v]sf] lyPg . p;n] s]xL ;f]Rg} ;s]g . :jl:tdf b'O{ xftn] d'v
5f]k]/ ;'FSs;'FSs ub}{ ?g yfnL . cleif]snfO{ cfkm"n] 7"n} rf]6
k'¥ofPh:tf] nfUof] . p;n] cln cufl8 em's]/ eGof], Æ :jl:tdf, cfO{ Pd ;/L
Û g/f]pm g .Æ
:jl:tdf h'?Ss p7L . cln k/ uP/ cfF;' k'5\g yfnL .
cleif]ssf] rfxgf :jl:tdfnfO{ o;/L efj's agfpg' lyPg . cfk"mn] s]xL
s'/f eGbf lsg ;w}+ c¿nfO{ g/fd|f] nfU5 < p;n] dgdg} eGof], ;fob
dnfO{ s'/f ug}{ cfpFb}g . pm w]/} s'/f ;f]r]/ ;Dem]/ af]N5 . t}klg
;fd'Gg]sf] dfG5] v';L x'Fb}g . p;n] :jl:tdfsf] glhs} uP/ km]l/ ;/L
eGof] . kSs} klg p;sf] kl/jf/df s'g} clk|o 36gf 36]sf] x'g'k5{,
p;nfO{ nfUof] . / emg} hfGg] sf}t'xntf hfUof] . t/ pm
:jl:tdfnfO{ km]l/ ?jfpg rfxGg . pm ToxL uNtL km]l/ bf]xf]¥ofpg rfxGg
. :jl:tdfsf] ;fd' ;/L eGg'afx]s pm;Fu c¿ ljsNk lyPg .
s]6L dfG5]nfO{ s;/L kmsfpg ;lsG5 < p;nfO{ yfxf ePg . alxgL
ePsf] eP klg p;n] cFufnf] xfn]/ ;DemfpFYof] xf]nf . x'g t pm
alxgLh:t} 5] . p;nfO{ bfO eG5] . t/ cleif]ssf] dgdf :jl:tdfk|lt a]Un} efj
;~r/0f ePsf] 5 . p;n] alxgLeGbf klg alnof] ;DaGwsf] ck]Iff u/]sf]] 5 .
alxgLn] t Ps lbg bfOnfO{ 5f]8]/ hfg} k5{ . pm :jl:tdfnfO{ alxgLh:t}
Jojxf/ klg ug{ ;SYof] t/ pgLx¿ b'j} hjfg 5g\ / b'j}nfO{ xfdL sf] xf}+
eGg] s'/f klg /fd|/L yfxf 5 . To;}n] klg cleif]s :jl:tdfnfO{ 5'g 8/fpF5 .
w]/} cfTdLotf b]vfpg ;Sb}g pm . olb p;n] To;f] u/]df csf]
{ cgy{ x'g ;S5 . pm r'krfk kms]{/ a]8df a:of] .
 s]xL a]/kl5 :jl:tdfn] klg cfF;' yfdL . pm cleif]ssf] glhs} cfP/ a;L .
:jl:tdfnfO{ ;fFrf] s'/f n'sfpg dg nfUf]g . pm s]xL s'/f eg]/ dgsf] ax
kf]Vg rfxGyL . To;}n] nfdf] ;f; km]b}{ cln cfFl6nL aGb} egL, æd
tkfO{+nfO{ ;a} s'/f eG5' .Æ cleif]ssf] d'xf/lt/ x]/L . cleif]sn] s]xL
gaf]nL 6fpsf] xNnfP/ æx'G5Æ sf] ;ª\s]t u¥of] . :jl:tdf cfkm\gf] ljut
atfpg yfnL M
d sIff ^ df k9\y] . Tolta]nf efO ! sIffdf k9\Yof] . 8\of8L OlG8of
sfd ug{ hfg'x'GYof] . pxfF k|foM jif{lbgkl5 kmls{g'x'GYof] . dDdL
eg] tf/fgu/df k;n ug'{x'GYof] .
8\of8L OlG8of x'Fbf slt /S;L lkpg'x'GYof], Tof] t yfxf 5}g . t/
3/df x'Fbf /S;L vfg] afgL lyof] pxfFsf] . jif{lbgdf 8\of8L 3/ cfpg'ePkl5
xfdL ;a}hgf v';L lyof}+ . pxfFn] efO / d]/f nflu gofF sk8f;Fu} y'k|}
vfg] s'/f Nofpg'ePsf] lyof] .
efO ;fg} ePsf]n] s'/f a'‰b}glyof] . t/ /S;L vfP/ 8\of8Ln]
dDdL;Fu emu8f ul//xFbf dnfO{ eg] g/dfOnf] nfUYof] . pxfF
dDdLnfO{ gfgfy/Lsf cf/f]k nufpg'x'GYof] . …cs}{ nf]Ug] dfG5];Fu
lxF8\5];\ .Ú cflb OToflb . pxfFx¿sf] emu8fn] d ;w}+ 8/fpFy]F .
8\of8Ln] /S;L gvfOlbP x'GYof] eg]/ d eujfg;Fu sfdgf uy]{+ . dDdL;Fu
emu8f x'Fbf d efOnfO{ lnP/ csf]{ ?ddf uP/ a:y]F . slxn]sfxLF csf]
{ lax] u5'{ eGb} dDdLnfO{ wDsL klg lbg'x'GYof] .
8\of8L OlG8ofaf6 kms]{sf] dlxgflbg ePsf] lyof] . Pslbg v} sf]
cfOdfO{nfO{ lnP/ cfpg'eof] . efO / dnfO{ sfG5L dDdL eGb} 9f]Ug
nufpg'eof] . dnfO{ z+sf nfUof] . dDdL pbf; eP/ Pp6f s'gfdf
al;/xg'ePsf] lyof] . kl5 kf] yfxf eof]– 8\of8Ln] t ;fFlRrs} csf]{ lax]
ug'{ePsf] /x]5 .
To;kl5 Ps–b'O{ lbg t 8\of8Ln] /S;L klg lkpg'ePg . 3/d} a;]/
efOnfO{ k9fpg' klg eof] . t/ Tof] zflGt xfd|f] 3/df w]/} lbg l6s]g .
k]ml/ dDdL;Fu emu8f ;'? eof] . xfdL tLghgf Pp6f sf]7fdf v'lDrP/
a:Yof}+ . 8\of8Ln] emg\ w]/} /S;L vfg yfNg'eof] . slxn]sfxLF 3/df
ca]/ /flt kmls{g'x'GYof] . efO / dDdL ;'lt;s]sf x'Gy] . d cln a]/;Dd a;]/
k9\y]F . To;}n] 8\of8L cfP–gcfPsf] rfn kfpFy]F .
Pslbg cln rfF8} /S;L lkP/ cfpg'eof] . dDdLnfO{ 6f]n g}
yls{g]u/L d'v 5f8]/ ufnL ug{ yfNg'eof] . dDdLnfO{ 3/af6 lgl:sP/
hfg;d]t eGg'eof] . d clt /f]PF, Tof] lbg . dg} yfDg ;lsgF . dnfO{ /f]Psf]
b]v]/ xf]nf efO klg ?g yfNof] . Tof] ;fFem emu8f u/]/ 8\of8L k]ml/
aflx/ lgl:sg'eof] . 3/df s;}n] pxfFnfO{ /f]Sg ;Sb}gYof] .
dnfO{ dDdLsf] d'xf/ x]/]/ ?g dg nfUYof] . Tof] /ft of t d cln l56} ;'t]5'
of 8\of8L 3/ kmls{g'ePg .
ef]lnkN6 laxfg p7]/ aflx/ cfpFbf cfFugdf dfG5]x¿ hDdf ePsf
lyP / eF'Odf 8\of8Lsf] nf; lyof] . Psl5g t dnfO{ ;kgfem}+ klg nfUof] .
d dDdLsf] glhs uPF . dDdL cr]t cj:yfdf x'g'x'GYof] . 8\of8LnfO{ t
/flt /S;L vfP/ dft]sf] a]nfdf uf8Ln] lsr]/ df/]sf] /x]5 . o; cj:yfdf d
a]:;/L ?g yfn]F . dnfO{ nf;glhs klg hfg lbPgg\ . sfG5L dDdL s'gfdf
a;]/ 6f]nfO/xg'ePsf] lyof] .
8\of8Lsf] d[To'kl5 sfG5L dDdLn]] klg 3/ 5f]8]/ hfg'eof] . d}n] sIff ^
kf; ul/;s]kl5 dDdLn] dnfO{ snª\sLdf a:g] hd'gf lbbL;Fu} a;fP/ k9fpg]
ljrf/ ug'{eof] . hd'gf lbbL xfd|f] km'k"sf] 5f]/L xf] . lbbL klxn] wgu9L
xfd|f] 3/a;]/ k9\g'ePsf] xf] . ToxLFaf6 P;Pn;L kf; ug'{esf] . lax]
ePsf] ;ft jif{ e};s]sf] lyof] . Pp6f % jif{sf] 5f]/f 5 …hLjgÚ .
Pslbg dDdLn] dnfO{ snª\sL lbbLsf]df NofP/ cfpg'eof] . d}n]
hd'gf lbbLnfO{ TotL /fd|f];Fu lrg]s} lyOgF . legfh' cfdL{df
x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 / lbbLrflxF glhs}sf] af]l8{Ë :s'ndf k9fpg'x'GYof] .
;'?;'?df t /fd|} Jojxf/ ug'{eof] lbbLn] klg . kl5 la:tf/} dl;t ems]{/
af]Ng yfNg'eof] . vfgf klg k]6el/ vfg lbg'ePg . 3/sf] vfgf ksfpg], efF8f
dfF‰g], n'uf w'g], emf8'k'5f nufpg] ;a} sfd d}n] g} ug'{kYof{] .
of] ;a} sfdaf6 km';{b ePkl5 aNn lstfa k9\g kfpy]F d}n] .
dnfO{ legfh'b]lv 8/ nflu/xGYof] . pxfFsf] rfnfdfnf ;lDeFmbf klg
3Lg nfu]/ cfpF5 dnfO{ . ?ddf d PSn} ePsf] a]nf cfpg'x'GYof] / d]/f]
z/L/;Fu v]Ng vf]Hg'x'GYof] . d w]/}k6s efu]/ csf]{ ?ddf uPsL 5' .
d}n] legfh'sf] To:tf] Jojxf/sf] af/]df lbbLnfO{ eGg] cfF6 g} ul/gF .
lbbLn] klg dnfO{ k/fO Jojxf/ ug'{x'GYof] . t/ clt g} ePkl5 Pslbg
lbbLnfO{ eG5' eg]/ dgdg} ;fx; a6'ln;s]sL lyPF d}n] .
Ps lbg :s'naf6 kmls{P/ d}n] n'uf k]ml/;s]sL lyPF . legfh' ?ddf
cfpg'eof] . dnfO{ dgdg} 8/ nfUg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n] s]xL gaf]nL
s'gfdf olQs} pleO/x]sL lyPF . pxfFn] dlt/ x]b}{ cfkm\gf] KofG6
vf]Ng'eof] . dnfO{ cK7\of/f] nfUof] . d csf]{kl§ kmls{PF . c;xhtf /
8/n] d]/f] d'6' hf]8n] w8\lsg yfNof] . h;/L eP klg d ?daf6 efUg
rfxGy]F . t/ 9f]sf glhs} pxfF x'g'x'GYof] . Tolts}df dnfO{ csf]{ ?daf6
xfkmKofG6 Nofpg eGg'eof] . lbbL / hLJfg :s'naf6 kmls{;s]sf lyPgg\ .
8/}8/n] d}n] xfkm KofG6 NofP/ lbPF . d csf]{ ?d hfg} nfu]sL lyPF .
otf cfOh eg]/ af]nfpg'eof] . d 8/n] sfFKb} pxfFsf] glhs uPF . csf{]
ljsNk d;Fu lyPg . cfk"m ;f]kmfdf a;L dnfO{ sfvdf /fVg'eof] . d lg/Lx
lyPF . 3/L ufnfdf bfx|L blnlbg' x'GYof] t 3/L cFufnf]df RofKg'x'GYof] .
dnfO{ ?g dg nflu;s]sf] lyof] . 3/df sf]xL c~hfg} dfG5] eP klg
cfOlbP x'GYof] h:tf] eof] . ;s]hltsf] an k|of]u u/]F, Tof] hª\unL hgfj/sf]
sfvaf6 pDsg . t/ d}n] ;lsgF . p;sf xTs]nfx¿ d]/f 5ftL==== . -pm ?g
yfnL . cleif]snfO{ :jl:tdfsf] legfh'k|lt ;fx}+ l/; p7]/ cfof] . clxNo} uP/
To;nfO{ dfl/lbpmFh:tf] eof] p;nfO{ . Psl5gkl5 cfF;' k'5]/ :jl:tdfn]
sxfgL cufl8 a9fO{ ._
Tolt g} v]/ Uofn/Lsf] 9f]sf v'n]sf] cfjfh cfof] . d]/f cfFvfaf6 cfF;' v:g
dfq afFsL lyP . lbbL xfd|f] sf]7fsf] 9f]sfd} cfP/ x]/]/ hfg'eof] .
Uofn]/Lsf] 9f]sf v'n]sf] cfjfhn] dgnfO{ s]xL /fxt ldn]sf] lyof] . t/
lbbLsf] Jojxf/n] d]/f cfF;' yfldPgg\ . To} a]nf …afaf ÛÚ eGb} hLJfg ?
ddf cfof] / d Tof] lkrf;sf] xftaf6 pDsg ;kmn ePF . bu'b}{ csf]{ sf]7fdf
uPF / 3f]K6f] k/L ?g yfn]F .
To;kl5 d}n] legfh'sf] Jojxf/sf] af/]df lbbLnfO{ eGg plrt 7flggF .
lbbL 3/df x'Fbf;d]t dnfO{ legfh'sf] 8/n] ;tfO/xGYof] . a¿ hLjg ;fydf
x'Fbf d cfk"mnfO{ a9L ;'/lIft 7fGy]F . s]xL lbgkl5sf] s'/f xf], lbbL–
legfh' sfddf uO;Sg'ePsf] lyof] . dnfO{ :s'n hfg l9nf] eO/x]sf] lyof] .
To;}n] efF8f gdfemL d :s'n lxF8] . kms]{/ cfpFbf d]/f ;a} nQfsk8f /
lstfa 3/aflx/ kmflnPsf lyP . Tof] b]v]/ dnfO{ l/; klg p7\of] . dg /f]of] .
t/ d s]xL ug{ ;Sg] cj:yfdf lyOgF .
emf]nf /fVg 3/leq kfOnf dfq 6]s]sL lyPF, lbbLn] gfgfeftL
kmf]xf]/ ufnL ug{ yfNg'eof] . d}n] emf]nf s';L{df /fv]F / 8]«; g}
gkm'sfnL efF8f df‰g uPF . d lbbLsf] 3/df jf cfkmGtsf] 3/df al;/x]sL
5' eGg] slxNo} dx;'; ePg dnfO{ . d t pxfFsf nflu Pp6f sfd ug]{ gf]s/
lyPF . d /f]Psf] ;'lglbg] sf]xL lyPg . 8\of8L laTg'ePsf] jif{lbg klg
k'u]sf] lyPg . dDdL s] ug'{x'G5 Tof] klg yfxf lyPg dnfO{ . x/]s /ft
cf]5\ofgdf ?GyF] d . /, dg yf]/} eP klg xn'Ëf] kfy]{+ . k6sk6s
efUonfO{ bf]if lbP/ lrQ a'emfpy]F . efUodf g} b'Mv n]lvPkl5 ;'v
sxfFaf6 x'GYof] / hLjgdf Û
o:t} b'Mv–kL8fnfO{ cFufNb} afFlr/x]sL lyPF d . Pslbg ;fx;
u/]/ :s'naf6 kmls{+bf lkl;cf]af6 dDdLnfO{ kmf]g u/]F . s'/f ubf{ub}
{ dg yfDg g;s]/ d t ?g kf] yfn]F5' . To;sf] b'O{ lbgkl5 dDdL
cfOk'Ug'eof] . d}n] w]/} s'/f dDdLnfO{ eGg} k/]g . d 8/}8/sf aLr
afFlr/x]sf] s'/f dDdLn] a'lem;Sg'ePsf] /x]5 . To;kl5 dDdLn]
dnfO{ oxfF NofP/ P8\ld;g u/fOlbg'eof] .
aflx/L rf]6 t Psk6s dfq b'V5 t/ cfkm\gfn] b'vfPsf] d'6' lhGbuLe/
b'lv/xg] /x]5 .
cfkm\gf] sxfnLnfUbf] ljut vf]ln;s]/ :jl:tdf r'k eO{ . p;sf] cg'xf/df
zfGt efj lyof] . cleif]s r'krfk ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdfsf] ;a} s'/fn] pm
efjljXjn eof] . p;sf cfFvfel/ cfF;' l6nlkn ug{ yfn] .
æa:b} u/ x}, d afy?d uP/ cfpF5' .Æ cleif]s afy?ddf uP/ cfF;'
k'5\g yfNof] . :jl:tdf PSn} al;/x]sL lyO{ . p;n] s] egL, egL . cfkm"n]
eg]sf s'/f p;nfO{ g} yfxf 5}g . efjgfdf au]/ w]/} s'/f ul/5] Sof xf] Û
p;n] Psl5g cfkm}+nfO{ ;DemfO{ . o:tf s'/f u/]/ s;}nfO{ efj's
gagfPsf] eP x'GYof] . ;a}sf cf–cfkm\g} syfJoyf xf]nfg\, p;n] af]w u/L .
 pm em'6f] af]n]sL eg] lyOg / klg cfkm\gf] JolStut b'Mv
c¿nfO{ afF8]/ c¿sf] v';Ldf afwf k'¥ofpg' :jl:tdfnfO{ uNtL u/]h:t}
nfUof] .
cleif]s d'v wf]P/ cfof] . tf}lnofn] xftd'v k'5\of] . s]xL gaf]nL
ToxLF a:of] . :jl:tdfnfO{ g/dfOnf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] p;n]
cK7\of/f] dfGb} egL, æ;/L ÛÆ
ælsg ;/L <Æ
:jl:tdfn] x8a8fP/ egL, æd]/f] s'/fn] tkfO{+sf] lrQ b'v]h:tf] nfUof],
To;}n] .Æ
cleif]sn] klg cfkm"nfO{ ;fdfGo b]vfpg] k|of; ub}{ eGof],
æTo:tf] x}g . O6;\ cf]s] .Æ
b'j}sf aLrdf cgf}7f] efjgfTds kvf{n v8f lyof] . cufl8 s] s'/f ug]
{ < b'j} cGof}ndf b]lvGy] . TolQs}df :jl:tdf h'?Ss p7L / egL, æca d
hfG5' n . lKnh 8f]G6\ dfOG8 .Æ
cleif]snfO{ s] egf}+, s] egf}+ eO/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] …x'G5Ú
dfq eGof] . :jl:tdf 9f]sfaflx/ lg:s]kl5 pm 9f]sf;Dd k'Uof] / x]l//Xof] .
;fFemsf] vfgf vfg] a]nfdf :jl:tdf / cleif]saLr x]/fx]/ eof] . t/
pgLx¿ af]Nf]gg\ . pm vfgf vfO;s]kl5 ?ddf uP/ Dofy k|flS6; ug{ yfNof]
. afFsL ;a} ljBfyL{ k9\g eg]/ cWoog sIflt/ nfu] . alxgL;Fu ;w}+h;f] ?
ddf cfpg] :jl:tdf cfh gcfPkl5 pm :jl:tdf / p;sf] kl/jf/sf af/]df ;f]Rg
yfNof] . :jl:tdfk|lt k|]deGbf klg bof nfu]/ cfof] p;nfO{ . pm c;Ifd eP/
klg :jl:tdfnfO{ d2t ug{ rfxG5 . yf]/} eP klg p;sf] 3fpdf dNxd nufpg
rfxG5 . p;sf] efjgfsf] sb/ ug{ rfxG5 . :jl:tdfsf] kL8f ;s]hlt sd
ug{ rfxG5 . t/ pm tTsfn of] ;a ug{ ;Sg] l:yltdf 5}g . efjgfdf aUg'
Psflt/ 5 eg] To;nfO{ jf:tljstfdf abNg' csf]{lt/ . s;}sf] b'MvkL8fk|lt
;xfg'e"lt / bof hfUg' g} ;fob dfgjLo u'0f xf]nf . p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{
;s]hlt ;xof]u ug]{ / ;fy lbg] c7f]6 lnof] .

)))
 cfh klg :d[lt / pd]z Snf;df pkl:yt ePgg\ . cleif]sn] pd]z / :d[lt
b'j} Snf;df cfpg]5g\ eGg] ;f]r]sf] lyof] . t/ Snf; ;'? eO;Sbf klg
pgLx¿ gcfPkl5 cleif]snfO{ crDd nfUof] . Snf; ;lsPkl5 l/lbdfnfO{
;f]Wg'knf{, p;n] dgdg} eGof] .
Snf; ;lsg]lalQs} pm xtf/–xtf/ lgl:sof] . ;fO8df pleP/ pm
l/lbdfnfO{ klv{/x]sf] lyof] . s]xL l5gd} l/lbdf cfO{ .
æxfO{ cle ÛÆ
æxfO ÛÆ
b'j}hgf d':s'/fP .
ælxhf] ltdL Snf; cfsf] lyPgf}+ xf] <Æ l/lbdfn] lh1f;f /fvL . …d
cfP klg gcfP klg ltdLnfO{ s] dtna <Ú cleif]sn] dgdg} eGof] . æclg
pd]z / :d[lt klg cfPgg\ lxhf] . cfh klg b]lVbgF, lsg lg <Æ cleif]sn]
s]xL af]Ng'cufj} l/lbdfn] csf]{ k|Zg u/L .
p;n] cln cK7\of/f] dfGb} eGof], æx}g d t cfPsf] lyPF . lxhf] sfd
k/]sf]n] cln l5§} kmls{PF . clg pd]z klg Jo:t 5' eGb} lyof]] . t/ :d[lt
lsg gcfsf] yfxf ePg Û d}n] t ltdLnfO{ s]xL yfxf 5 ls eg]/ ;f]Wg
cfF6]sf] lyPF .Æ
ædnfO{ t s]xL klg yfxf 5}g . :d[ltnfO{ kmf]g u/]sf], df]afOn
:jLr ckm 5 .Æ
æxf] / <Æ cleif]sn] cfZro{ JoSt ub}{ eGof] æPsl5g\ Û d
pd]znfO{ sn u5'{ .Æ
b'O{k6s kmf]g ubf{ klg pd]zsf] kmf]g gp7]kl5 b'j}hgf cndNn
k/] . ljBfyL{x¿ xNnf ub}{ kmls{+b} lyP . cleif]snfO{ klg l/lbdfl;t
labf eP/ l5§} xf]:6]n hfg kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfUb} lyof] . Tolts}df
l/lbdfn] egL, æcle, vfhf vfg hfd\ g ÛÆ
pm csdlsof] Psl5g . æcfh d ltdLnfO{ sl§/f]n v'jfpF5' .Æ l/lbdfn]
cfkm\gf] emf]nf ldnfpFb} egL .
b'j}hgf /]:6'/]G6sf] Pp6f s'gfsf] 6]a'ndf uP/ a;] . b'O{ lrs]g
/f]n / b'O{6f :k|fO6 . l/lbdfn] b'O{ cf}+nf b]vfpFb} c8{/ u/L .
 cfkm"eGbf # 6]an 6f9f a;]sf] dfG5]n] r'/f]6 lkpFb} u/]sf]
cleif]sn] b]Vof] . l/lbdfnfO{ r'/f]6sf] uGw dg k/]g5 . p;n] gfs
v'DRofpFb} kms]{/ r'/f]6 lkpg]lt/ x]/L . l/lbdfsf] d'xf/df l/; k|:6
b]lvGYof] .
cleif]snfO{ eg] Ps b'O{ ;sf]{ tfGg kfP x'GYof]em}+ nflu;s]sf]
lyof] . pm Tolt ;f/f] r'/f]6 lkpFb}g, t/ klg c¿n] dHhfn] vfO/x]sf] b]Vbf
p;nfO{ rfx hfUg' :jfefljs} lyof] . cleif]snfO{ hlt;'s} tntn nfu] klg
l/lbdfsf] cufl8 r'/f]6 tfGg] s'/f sNkgf dfq} lyof] .
c8{/ cfOk'Uof] . b'j}hgf vfg yfNf] .
æcfh dnfO{ l;dsf8{ lng' 5, hfg'k5{ x} .Æ l/lbdfn] :k|fO6sf]]
af]Qn 6]a'ndf /fVb} egL . cleif]sn] l/lbdfsf] d'xf/df x]b}{ eGof],
ælsg lg <Æ
l/lbdfn] d'v laufb}{ ;f]wL, æs] lsg lg <Æ
æd]/f] dtna ltdL;Fu 5Fb}5 lg l;d t ÛÆ
p;n] s'/f k|i6 kfb}{ egL, æof] d]/f] l;d xf]Og Sof . efOsf]
Pg;]nsf] l;d 5 of] df]afOndf . d]/f] l;d t x/fof] plxn] g} .Æ
æxf] / <Æ cleif]sn] eGof] .
pm /f]n vfgdf Jo:t b]lvGYof] . dgdg} eGof]– cl:t g} ToxL eP/
/x]5 df]afOn gDa/ lbg gdfg]sL .
æclxn] vfhf vfP/ hfg'k5{ n ÛÆ l/lbdfn]] cleif]ssf] clGtd ;xdlt
kfpg] cfzdf egL . æx'G5 ÛÆ p;n] l/lbdflt/ gx]/]/} ;xdlt lbof] .
æltdLnfO{ Pp6f s'/f ;f]W5' n ÛÆ l/lbdfn] cleif]snfO{ egL .
d'vdf ePsf] /f]n rkfpg aGb ub}{ p;n] l/lbdfsf] d'vdf crDdn] x]¥of] /
Ps l5gkl5 eGof], æx'G5 Û ;f]w g .Æ s] ;f]Wg vf]h]sf] xf]nf Û cleif]s
dgdg} b'ljwfdf k¥of] . Ps l5g eP klg pm ;f]Rg afWo eof] /
p;nfO{ cfkm"n] To:tf] grflxFbf] sfd u/]h:tf] nfUf]g .
æpd]zn] :d[ltnfO{ dg k/fpF5 xf] <Æ l/lbdfn] cleif]ssf] ;f]r eª\u
ub}{ ;f]wL .
æxf] / < dnfO{ yfxf 5}g t ÛÆ cleif]sn] eGof] . p;nfO{ ;fFlRrs}
yfxf lyPg . klxn]klxn] pd]zn] :d[ltsf] gfd lnP/ p;}nfO{ lh:sfpFYof] . t/
pd]zn] dg k/fpg yfn]sf] s'/f slxNo} cleif]snfO{ eg]g . pgLx¿ k|foM
;Fu} x'Fbf cleif]snfO{ To:tf] nfu] klg p;n] Tolt rf;f] lbPsf] lyPg .
pd]zn] o:tf] s'/f n'sfpnfh:tf] klg p;nfO{ slxNo} nfu]g . l/lbdfn]
cleif]ssf] lgbf]{if d'xf/df x]b}{ egL, æyfxf gePh:tf] gf6s gu/ t lKnh
ÛÆ
æs;d Û dnfO{ yfxf 5}g of] s'/f .Æ cleif]sn] km]l/ bf]xf]¥ofof] .
æpd]zn] eg]g ltDnfO{ <Æ l/lbdfn] ;f]wL .
æcxF Û ltdLnfO{ s;/L yfxf eof] < s;n] eGof] lg <Æ cleif]sn] k|
ltk|Zg u¥of] .
æ;fFRr} yfxf 5}g ltdLnfO{ < dnfO{ t :d[ltn] g} eg]sL .Æ
æslxn] eg]sL :d[ltn] ltdLnfO{ <Æ
æeof] xKtflbg hlt .Æ
æcf]x Û clg :d[ltn] klg dg k/fpF5] / pd]znfO{ <Æ cleif]sn]
lh1f;f /fVof] .
æv} k/fpF5] xf]nL ÛÆ vf;} rf;f] gb]vfPh:tf] u/]/ l/lbdfn] hjfkm
lbO{ . ;+jfb 6'ª\luof] .
l/lbdfn] vfhfsf] k};f lt/]kl5, b'j}hgf l;dsf8{ lng lgl:sP . l/lbdfn]
gofF l;d df]afOndf /fVb} egL, æn Û ca /fv d]/f] gDa/ .Æ
cleif]s d':s'/fof] / eGof], æca t glbP klg yfxf eOxfNof] lg .Æ ;
+of]ujz b'j}sf] kmf]g gDa/sf] clGtd c+s Pp6} k/]5– & . l/lbdfn]
cleif]ssf] gDa/ dfUf]kl5 of] s'/f yfxf eof] .
kmls{+b} ubf{ af6f]df cleif]sn] eGof], æd}n] km];a'sdf l/Sj]:6
k7fPsf] lyPF ltdLnfO{ . ltdLn] PS;]K6 g} u/]sL 5}gf}+ .Æ
æP Û xf] / < x]/ g d}n] cfhef]ln km];a's rnfPs} 5}g . d cfh
x]5'{ n .Æ l/lbdfn] eg]kl5 cleif]sn] lrQ a'emfof] .
s'/f ubf{ub}{ pgLx¿ 5'l§g] af6f];Dd cfOk'u] . cfh cleif]s
l/lbdf;Fu cln v'n]/} af]Nof] . pgLx¿n] Ps–csf{nfO{ d':s'/fpFb} xft
xNnfP / 5'l§P . p;nfO{ l/lbdf ;fFlRrs} ;dembf/ nfUof] . l/lbdfsf]
afgLJoxf]/f, xfF;f] rfnfdfnf ;a} cleif]snfO{ /fd|} nfUof] . e/f];f / ljZjf;
b'j} cfFvf lrDn]/ ubf{ klg x'g] . l/lbdfsf] ;/n :jefj p;nfO{ c;fWo} dg
k¥of] . t/ p;nfO{ p;s} ;fyL pd]zn] s'/f n'sfPsf]df eg] ;fx|} lrQ b'Vof] .
xf]:6]ndf cfOk'u]kl5 pm lsr]gdf k:of] . :jl:tdf vfhf vfO/x]sL lyO{
. pgLx¿ Ps–csf{nfO{ b]Vbf klg k|foM c¿sf] ;fd'Gg] s'/f ub}{gg\ . pm
ToxfFaf6 ;/f;/ ?ddf uof] . Ps l5g cf/fd u/]/ n'uf km'sfNg yfln;s]sf] lyof]
. :jl:tdfn] 9f]s}df cfP/ egL, æbfO, dnfO{ cnh]a|fsf] of] lx;fa l;sfOlbg'
g .Æ
cleif]sn] ;6{sf] a6g k'gM nufof] . p;nfO{ ;a}eGbf cK7\of/f]
nfUg] g} cnh]a|f xf] . t/ klg pm skL lnP/ x]g{ yfNof] . ;+of]ujz k|
Zg ;lhnf] /x]5 . p;n] ;dfwfg u¥of] / Psk6s :jl:tdfnfO{ dHhfn] x]
¥of] . :jl:tdfn] …wGojfb bfOÚ eGb} skL / k]g lnP/ cfkm\gf] ?dlt/ nfuL
. :jl:tdfsf] ;fdfGo Jojxf/n] cleif]snfO{ w]/} /fxt k'¥ofof] .

)))

s]xL lbgkl5 lgsLn] cleif]snfO{ gf]6a's lsg]/ NofOlbg egL .

cleif]s PSn} :6];g/L;Dd uof] . gf]6a's ;Fu;Fu} s]xL s'lsh klg lsg]/
Nofof] . h;dWo] @ j6f gf]6a's p;n] cfkm};Fu /fVof] / alxgLnfO{ afFsL
gf]6a's clg vfg]s'/f lbP/ k7fof] . ;fFem ha :jl:tdf cleif]ssf] ?ddf cfO{,
p;n] afFsL @ j6f gf]6a's p;nfO{ lbof] . klxn] t :jl:tdfn] lnGgF eGb}
cfgfsfgL u/L . cleif]sn] w]/} lh2L u/]kl5 p;nfO{ lng s/} nfUof] .
vf;df :jl:tdf ToxfF cleif]snfO{ cfkm";Fu ePsf] k};f /flvlbg eGg cfPsL
lyO{ . ha p;n] k};f xftdf lnP/ cleif]snfO{ lbGf yfnL pm Ps l5g t
crDddf k¥of] . t/ klg k};f ;dfTof] . !@ ;o ¿k}ofF /x]5 . æd rflxPsf]
a]nf xh'/;Fu dfU5' lg .Æ :jl:tdfn] d':s'/fpFb} egL . cleif]sn] klg x'G5
eGb} k};f k;{df /fVof] .
:jl:tdf xftdf gf]6a's lnP/ cfkm\gf] ?dlt/ nfuL . lgsLn] gf]6a's
b]Vg]lalQs} bfbfn] lbg'ePsf] eGg] s'/f yfxf kfO{ . lgsLnfO{ Tof] s'/f
dg k/]g . ;fFem :68L ?ddf hfg'cl3 :jl:tdf Ps l5g eP klg cleif]ssf] ?ddf
a;]/ uO{ . lgsL eg] cfOg . cleif]snfO{ :jl:tdfsf] ;fldKotf dg kg{ yfNof]
. cfkm"nfO{ ljZjf; u/L k};f /fVg lbPsf]df pm dgdg} v';L eof] . h'g;'s}
tj/n] eP klg cfkm"n] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;xof]u ug{ kfPsf]df p;n]
cfkm"nfO{ Psbd} efUodfgL 7fGof] .

)))

æcasf] Ps xKtfdf ltdLx¿sf] l/hN6 klg cfpF5 xf]nf .Æ la|hsf];{sf]

sIffdf ;/ eGb} x'g'x'GYof] . rf/ lbgkl5 cfh pd]z klg sIffdf pkl:yt 5 .
cfkm";Fu s'/f n'sfPsf]df cleif]s pd]zk|lt cln ?i6 5 . Snf; ;lsPkl5 b'j}hgf
aflx/ lgl:sP .
pd]zn] cleif]snfO{ /f]Sb} eGof], ækv{ g l/lbdfnfO{ e]6f}+ .Æ
b'j}hgf cfkm"nfO{ aflx/ klv{/x]sf] b]Vf]/ l/lbdf glhs} uO{ .
b'j}nfO{ xfO{ egL / :d[ltsf] af/]df pd]znfO{ ;f]Wg yfnL . pd]zn]
cfkm"nfO{ yfxf gePsf] atfof] . t/ l/lbdfnfO{ p;sf] s'/fdf ljZjf; nfu]g .
pd]zn] em'6 af]ln/x]sf] s'/f l/lbdfnfO{ dx;'; e};s]sf] lyof] . To;}n]
p;n] pd]z;Fu w]/} s'/f ug{ rflxg .
æn d hfG5' .Æ l/lbdf cfkm\gf] af6f] nfuL . cleif]sn] klg s'/f
a'lem;s]sf] lyof] To;}n] l/lbdfnfO{ /f]Sg' plrt 7fg]g .
b'j}hgf vfhf k;ndf uP . pd]zn] @ Kn]6 dMd / r'/f]6 c8{/ u¥of] .
6]andf /flvPsf] duaf6 cleif]s 3636 kfgL lkpg yfNof] . cleif]snfO{ :d[lt
/ pd]zsf] ;DaGwsf] af/]df ;f]Wg dg nflu/x]sf] lyof] . t/ p;nfO{ of] ;a
;f]Wg' Joy{ xf] eGg] yfxf 5 . pd]zn] s]xL g s]xL axfgf agfP/
s'/fnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ a'em]/ pm s]xL gaf]nL r'krfk al;/Xof] . pd]zn]
r'/f]6 ;Nsfof] / nfO6/ cleif]snfO{ lbof] .
hln/x]sf] r'/f]6 xftdf lnP/ cleif]sn] pd]zsf] d'vdf x]¥of] . Ps ;sf]
{ tfGg'cl3 p;n] ;f]Wof], æ@–$ lbg sn]h lsg gcfPsf] ltdL < cl:t g} sn
klg l/l;e u/]gf} .Æ p;n] r'/f]6 cf]7df RofKof] .
pd]zn] cln l;l/o; x'Fb} eGof], æ;/L of/ . Tof] lbg d / :d[lt;Fu}
lyof}+ .Æ cleif]sn] cfFvf 7"N7"nf] kfb}{ pd]znfO{ x]¥of] .
cleif]snfO{ l/lbdfn] eg]sf] s'/f ;fFrf] nfUg yfNof] .
 æs] x]/]sf] To;/L < d ;a} s'/f eG5' .Æ pd]z eGg yfNof], æltDn]
kmf]g ug'{eGbf b'O{ lbgklxn] d}n] :d[ltnfO{ Dof;]hdf k|kf]h u/]sf]
lyPF . t/ p;n] Tof] lbg s'g} l/KnfO{ ul/gF . To;kl5 klg d}n] w]/} Dof;]h
k7fPF . ;fFRr} eGg'kbf{ d :d[ltnfO{ ;'?b]lv g} dg k/fpyF] . t/ eGg
;ls/x]sf] lyOgF . w]/}k6s eG5' eg]/ cfF6 klg u/]F . t/ km]l/ 8/ nfUof],
lsgls :d[ltn] ltdLnfO{ dg k/fpF5] eGg] dnfO{ nfUYof] . p;n] ltd|f]
w]/} s'/f uYfL{ . ltd|f] x]G8/fOl6ªb]lv t pm ODk|]; g} ePsL /] .Æ
ædMd ÛÆ ;fgf] s]6f]n] b'j}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u¥of] / 6]andf
dMdsf Kn]6 /fv]/ uof] .
cleif]s Psbd} ?lr lbP/ pd]zsf] s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . pd]zn] dMdsf]
8Nnf] d'vdf xfNof] / km]l/ eGg yfNof], æltdL ;f]emf] 5f} /] . clg
;dembf/ klg . p;n] ltd|f] af/]df o:t} s'/f uyL{ . ;fob ltdLnfO{ klg :d[lt
dg k5{, x}g / <Æ cleif]s s]xL af]Nf]g . pd]zn] g} yKof], æ;'?df ltDn]
:d[ltsf] af/]df ;f]Wbf dnfO{ To:t} nfu]sf] lyof] . Tof] s'/fn]
ubf{ d}n] :d[ltnfO{ klxn] k|kf]h ug{ ;lsgF . h;/L xfdL 3'nldn x'Fb}
uof}+ . km];a'sdf klg xfd|f] s'/f x'g yfNof] . dnfO{ :d[lt c;fWo} dg
k5{ of/ .Æ
pd]zn] k'gM r'/f]6 dufP/ ;NsfpFb} d'vdf xfNof] . nfdf] ;sf]
{ tfGof] . cleif]snfO{ p;sf] s'/f ;'Gg xtf/ eO;s]sf] lyof], æclg, To;kl5
lg <Æ
pd]zn] l;nl;nf ;'? u¥of], æd}n] p;nfO{ k|kf]h ul/;s]kl5 klg w]/}
Dof;]h k7fPF . p;n] s'g} Dof;]hsf] l/KnfO{ ul/g . To;kl5
dnfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] . clg d}n] o:tf] n]lvk7fPF, …;/L Û Okm o' cf/
g6 OG6«]:6]8, O6\; cf]s] . cfO{ 8f]G6 jfG6 8' kmf];{ o' 6' ne dL
Aofs Û a6\ lKnh l/KnfO{ jfG;\ ÛÚ To;sf] @ 306fkl5 :d[ltn] d
ltdLnfO{ e]6\g rfxG5' eg]/ Dof;]h u/L .Æ eGbfeGb} /f]lsP/ p;n]
cfkm\gf] df]afOnsf] Dof;]h b]vfof] . cleif]s df]afOn xftdf lnP/ d];]h
x]g{ yfNof] .
pd]z k'gM eGb} uof], ædnfO{ Psbd} 8/ nfu]/ cfof] . s]
l/KnfO{ ug]{ < s]xL yfxf ePg . d}n] g} p;nfO{ ha/h:tL u/]h:tf] dx;';
eof] . s] yfxf, sf]xL bfh'efOnfO{ eg]/ lk6\g nufO{ eg] Û of af6f]df
dnfO{ rKknn] xfgL eg] < st} d]/f] a]OHht ug{ t e]6\g vf]h]sL x}g <
dnfO{ o:t} s'/fsf] 8/ nfUg yfNof] . Dof;]h k7fPsf]df 7"nf] uNtL
u/]em}+ eof] . nuQ} csf]{ Dof;]h cfof]– ef]ln !)M#) df k'/fgf]
a;kfs{df e]6 dnfO{ . emg\ 8/n] d]/f] w8\sg a9\g yfNof] . Dof;]h
n]Vg vf]Hbf d]/f cf}+nf / xft sfFlk/x]sf lyP . eujfg\ s;d Û dnfO{ To:tf]
slxNo} ePsf] lyPg . Dof;]h cfPsf] cfwf 306fkl5 d}n] 8/}8/df æcf]s]Æ
n]v]/ k7fPF . ef]lnkN6 !)M#) df e]6\g] eg]kl5 la|hsf];{sf] Snf;df
cfpg] s'/} ePg . To;}n] d}n] ltdLnfO{ d]/f] sfd 5, cfplbgF eg]/
km];a'sdf Dof;]h u/]sf] lyPF .Æ
cleif]sn] aNn s'/f a'em]h:tf] u/]/ …P ÛÚ dfq eGg ;Sof] . slxNo}
c¿sf] s'/fdf vf;} rf;f] glbg] cleif]s cfh pd]zsf] s'/fnfO{ Psbd} rfv
lbP/ ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] .

pd]zn] l;nl;nf hf/L /fVof], æef]lnkN6 d a;kfs{ cfOk'Ubf pm

ToxfF cfO;s]sL lyO{ . dnfO{ s]xL af]Ng] cfF6 g} cfPg .
8/fO{8/fO{ glhs uPF . cg'xf/ dlng eO;s]sf] lyof] d]/f] . ;w}+ e]6\g]
;fyL eP/ klg Tof] lbg d v} lsg Psbd} ge{; lyPF . glhs} uP/ la:tf/} …
xfO{Ú eg]F . p;n] dnfO{ tnb]lv dfly;Dd x]/L . o:tf] nfUof] ls
d ;]So'l/6L hfFrdf 5' . Ps l5gkl5 p;n] cf]7df dGb d':sfg NofpFb} …
xfO{Ú egL . d}n] ;fdfGo xfnva/ ;f]wF] . p;n] 5f]6f]–5f]6f] hjfkm
lbFb} uO{ . c¿ s'g ljifodf s'/f ug]{, d dgdg} ;f]Rg yfn]F . Ps l5g xfdL
b'j}hgf r'k nfUof}+ .Æ
cleif]s emg} pT;'s lyof] . pd]z p;}u/L pT;flxt eP/ nfd}
sxfgL ;'gfpg yfNof] M
dgdf Ps lsl;dsf] 8/ 5Fb} lyof] . sfnf] kfOG6 / lkª\s sn/sf] cfp6/df
pm ;'Gb/ b]lvPsL lyO{ . cg'xf/df v';Lsf /ª\u lyPgg\ . stf–stf l/;fPh:tf],
t/ p;sf] l/;fn' n's, ;'Gb/tfsf] uxgfem}+ nfUof] dnfO{ . s]6Lx¿ t
l/;fpFbf klg s:tf] /fd|L b]lvg] Û Tof] ;'Gb/tfdf a]Un} ld7f; lyof] . To;kl5
p;n] gLnf] Aofuaf6 5ftf lgsfnL / dnfO{ …hfcf}+Ú egL . d klg p;}l;t
s]xL gaf]nL lxF8\g yfn]F . Ps l5g t sxfF hfg] eg]/ ;f]Wg dg nfu]sf]
lyof] . t/ p;sf] d'8 ckm h:tf] b]v]/ af]Nbf l/;fpF5] ls eGg] nfUof] . xfdL
6'Fl8v]n / /Tgkfs{aLrsf] af6f] lxF8\b} lyof}+, eL8ef8nfO{ l5rf]Nb} .
p;n] d]/f] xft ;dftL . dnfO{ PSsfl; p;sf] Jojxf/ b]v]/ crDd nfUof] . t/ klg
;fdfGoh:t} u/]/ d lxFl8/x]F . af/Daf/ xfd|f] z/L/ 7f]lSsO/xGYof] . o;/L
xft ;dft]/ lxF8\bf d}n] cln ;lhnf] dx;'; u/]F / ;f]w]F, æxfdL sxfF
uO/x]sf] <Æ
p;n] dlt/ x]/]/ egL, æGo"/f]8 .Æ
k|ltk|Zg u/F], ælsg <Æ
p;n] egL, æ/fd;fu/ yfxf 5 ltdLnfO{ <Æ
æ/fd;fu/ :jL6xf]d <Æ d}n] cgf}7f] kf/fn] ;f]wF] .
æP;\ ÛÆ p;n] egL, æef]ln lbHo'sf] ay{8] xf] . To;}sf nflu s]s
c8{/ ug{ . clg uxgf k;naf6 l;qmL klg lng' 5 .Æ
xfdL sxfF / s'g sfdsf nflu hfFb}5f}+ eGg] s'/f To;kl5 aNn yfxf
eof] . xfdL s]s c8{/ u/]/ uxgf k;ndf uof}+ . l;qmL tof/ ePsf] /xg]5 .
d}n] ;f]w]+, æslxn] tof/ x'G5 <Æ
æef]ln lbpF;f] cfpg';\ g x} .Æ ToxfF a:g] /fd|L dlxnfn] hjfkm
lbOg\ . :d[ltn] d]/f] kfv'/f ;dft]sL lyO{ . xfdL ToxfFaf6 kmls{of}+ .
æs:tf] ef]s nfu]sf] 5, s]xL vfd\ x} .Æ p;n] cg'xf/ v'DRofpFb}
egL .
æx'G5 hfcf}+, s] vfG5f} lg <Æ d}n] ;f]w]F . p;n] 6fpsf]
xNnfpFb} r~rn kf/fn] ;f]wL, æs] v'jfpF5f} dnfO{ <Æ
d gfhjfkm ePF . xfdL h;/L klxn] s'/f uYof}{+, To;/L g} v'n]/ s'/f
ul//x]sf lyof}+ . t/ klg dgdf Tof] Dof;]hsf] s'/fsf] 8/n] 8]/f hdfO/x]s}
lyof] . d Tof] Dof;]hsf] af/]df s'/f ug{ rfxGgyF] . :d[ltnfO{ k|kf]h
u/]sf]df dnfO{ k5'tf] nflu/x]sf] lyof] . p;sf] o:t} ;fyLTj Jojxf/ g} 7Ls 5
h:tf] nfUof] . k|kf]h u/]/ d}n] Pp6f ;fyL u'dfPsf] h:tf] dx;'; eof] . ha
pm d;Fu sd af]ln/x]sL lyO{, d o:t} s'/f ;f]Rb} lyPF . p;n] km]l/ rsf]
{ :j/df egL, æs] v'jfpF5f} < ls s]xL klg v'jfpFb}gf} <Æ
d eml:sPF . æv'jfpF5' lg, n lxF8 klxn] /]:6'/]G6]df t hfcf}+ .Æ
 xfdL /]:6'/]G6glhs} k'Uof}+ . æn eg ltdLnfO{ h] vfg dg 5, d
ToxL v'jfpF5' .Æ d}n] pbf/tf b]vfPF .
p;n] d]/f] cfFvfdf x]/L / cf]7 6f]Sb} egL, æ;fFRr} xf] <Æ
dnfO{ cln c;lhnf] dx;'; eof] . p;sf] cfFvfdf x]l//xg ;lsgF . …xf]Ú
eGb} /]:6'/]G6leq l5/F] .
:d[ltnfO{ k|mfO dMd c;fWo} dg kbf]{/x]5 . Tof] klg v;Lsf] .
p;n] s'g}lbg dnfO{ eg]sL lyO{ . dnfO{ s]xL vfg dg lyPg . lxhf]b]lv
g} dgdf Ps lsl;dsf] r}g lyPg . Tof]eGbf klg d lxhf]sf] k|kf]hsf] ljifodf
s'g} s'/f ug{ rfxGgy]F . xfdL dMd vfg yfNof}+ . :d[ltsf] ;fdfGo
Jojxf/n] d v';L x'Fb} lyPF . p;n] vfPsf] dnfO{ x]l//xg dg nfUof] .
æs] x]/]sf] <Æ ltdL klg vfpm g . p;n] sfF6fdf dMd sf] 8Nnf]
prfNb} egL . d d':s'/fPF . p;n] t cfkm\gf] Kn]6sf] EofP/ klg d]/f]
Kn]6af6 vfg yfln5] . p;sf] To:tf] Jojxf/n] d]/f] dgsf] 8/ sd ul/lbof] .
xfdL /]:6'/]G6af6 aflxl/of}+ . æca sxfF hfg] <Æ p;n] dnfO{
;f]wL .
æa;Gtk'/lt/ hfd\ g .Æ d}n] :d[ltsf] xft ;dfTb} eg]F . p;n] ;xh}
:jLs[lt lbO{ .
lbpF;f]sf] rsf]{ 3fd lyof] . a;Gtk'/, xg'dfg9f]sf j/k/ dfG5]sf] vf;}
rxnkxn lyPg . xfdL xg'dfg9f]sf cufl8sf] dlGb/nfO{ Ps kmGsf] 3'd]/
zLtndf a:g csf]{ dlGb/sf] k5fl8kl§ uof}+ .
d dlGb/sf] t];|f] v'8\lsnf]df uP/ a;]F . pm klg d]/f] glhs} cfP/ a;L
. cGttM ToxL eof] h'g s'/fsf] dnfO{ 8/ lyof] . p;n] ss]{ cfFvf agfpFb}
egL, ælxhf] s] h]lk6L Dof;]h k7fsf] xF <Æ
dnfO{ hLjgdf 7"nf] kfk u/]h:tf] dx;'; eof] . :d[ltn] of] ljifodf s'/f
gul/lbP x'GYof] h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ pm of]hgf agfP/ cfPsL h:tf] nfUg
yfNof] . d}n] kms]{/ :d[ltsf] cg'xf/df x]/]F . p;sf 7"n7"nf cfFvfn]
dnfO{ klxn]b]lv g} x]l//x]sf lyP . d}n] tL cfFvfsf] ;fdgf ug{ ;lsgF .
gh/ em'sfP/ tnlt/ x]b}{ …;/LÚ eg]F .
æ;/L /] Û n]Vg] a]nf dgk/L, clxn] ;/L <Æ p;n] d sdhf]/ ePsf]
df}sf 5f]Kb} k|xf/ ug{ yfnL .
 dnfO{ :d[ltsf] ;fy dg k5{ . ;fFrf] cy{df d :d[ltnfO{ w]/} k|]d
u5'{ . t/ klg p;sf] Tof] Jojxf/n] cfkm"n] uNtL g} u/]sf] dx;'; u/fof] .
To;}n] d]/f] dgdf 8/ lyof] / Tof] 8/n] dnfO{ sdhf]/ agfOlbPsf] lyof] .
d}n] km]l/ ;/L eg]F . ;fob :d[ltnfO{ d efjgfTds ¿kdf sdhf]/ ePsf] yfxf
lyof] . To;}n] p;n] e]6]b]lv g} cfkm"nfO{ s8f ¿kdf k|:t't ub}{ lyO{ .
d}n] p;nfO{ ;fFrf] k|]d u5'{ eGg] s'/f klg p;nfO{ yfxf lyof] xf]nf .
d ge{; lyPF . dnfO{ :d[ltsf] ;fdgf ug{ ufx|f] eO/x]sf] lyof] . ;fob
d}n] rf]vf] k|]d gu/]sf] eP d sdhf]/ x'g] lyOgF . d klg s8f eP/ k|:t't
x'g ;SyF] . t/ d p;nfO{ x[bob]lv g} ;fFrf] k|]d u5{' . To;}n] d}n]
p;nfO{ b'Mv jf rf]6 k'Ug] s'g} zAb af]Ng' plrt 7flggF . d g"g vfP/
emf]qmfPsf] s'v'/fh:t} al;/x]sf] lyPF . ?d hfg kfP x'GYof] h:tf] dgdf
nfUof] . To:tf] zLtn / v'nf 7fpFdf al;/xFbf klg dnfO{ cfkm" aGb
sf]7fdf y'lgPsf] h:tf] cfef; eO/x]sf] lyof] .
of] ;a lsg eO/x]sf] 5, dnfO{ yfxf lyPg . xfdL Tolt glhs eP/ klg
d}n] :d[ltnfO{ lrGg ;s]sf] /x]g5' h:tf] nfUof] . p;n] cem glhs} cfP/
egL, æltdLn] dnfO{ k|]d u5f}{, xf] <Æ
d}n] :d[ltsf] d'xf/df km]l/ x]g]{ k|of; u/F] . t/ o;k6s pm w]/}
glhs lyO{ . p;n] d]/f] skfndf bfofF xft /fvL / afofF xftn] lrpF8f] ;dft]/
cfkm"lt/ tfgL . d]/f cfFvf p;nfO{ 6n6nL x]l//x] . w8\sg al9/x]sf] lyof]
eg] lhp Ps k|sf/sf] eon] slDkt x'g] cj:yf;Dd lyof] . p;n] cln em's]/
cfkm\gf sf]dn cf]7 d]/f] ufnfdf lj;fO{ / hf]8n] DjfFO{ vfO{ . ltF ?
em]sf cf]7sf] :k;{n] dnfO{ dbxf]; kf/Llbof] . d]/f kfFrj6} OlGb|on]
sfd ug{ 5f8] . g t d}n] s]xL af]Ng ;s]F, g s]xL ;f]Rg g} . p;n]
cfkm\gf] bflxg] xftn] cFufnf] xfNb} 6fpsf] d]/f] afofF sfFwdf /fvL /
w]/} k/ x]b}{ lj:tf/} egL, æcfO{ ne o' 6"=== .Æ
d v';Ln] leqleq} kfunh:t} ePF . nfdf] ;f; lnPF . d leq ;fx;sf]
kfn'jf knfof] . d ltF /l;nf cf]7 6f]Sg rfxfGy] . t/ d}n] b]+v], dlGb/sf]
csf]{ s'gfaf6 sf]xL cfO/x]sf] /x]5 . la:tf/} p;sf] xft x6fPF / eg]F,
æcfO{ ne o' e]/L e]/L dr\ .Æ
 cl3;Dd ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] eO/x]sf] lyof] eg] ca /f]Sg . d'6'sf]
w8\lsg] /km\tf/ cem} yfldPsf] lyPg . xfdL Ps–csf{sf] xft ;dfTb}
l;F9Ltn em¥of}+ .
p;sf] o:tf] ;fdLKotf kfPkl5 d}n] cfkm"nfO{ ;+;f/s} efUodfgL
;lDemPF . d]/f] v';Lsf] ;Ldf /x]g . ;+;f/ lht]h:t} nfUof] . dnfO{ c¿ s'g}
s'/f rflxG5 h:tf] g} nfu]g . o:tf] cg'ej k|fKt u/]kl5 dnfO{ hLjgdf ;ayf]s
kfPh:tf] nfUof] . 5'l§g] a]nfdf p;n] egL, æef]ln km]l/ cfpg'k5{ l;qmL
lng . ltdL cfpF5f} lg <Æ d gcfpg] t s'/} lyPg . d}n] …x'G5Ú eg]F .
p;sf b'j} xft ;dft]/ tL sf]dn cf}+nfx¿;Fu v]ln/x]F .
æef]lnsf] l8g/ xfd|f]df x} <Æ p;n] km]/L egL .
æd}n] cln ;f]r]/ eg]F, /flt x'Fb}g / < To} dfly lbbLn] s]
;f]Rg'xf]nf <Æ
p;n] Tolt ;fx|f] /flt gx'g] atfpFb} egL, æltDn] lbbLsf] lrGtf lng'
kb}{g, a'4' Û a? d]/f] lrGtf n]pm ca .Æ pm x/]s s'/fdf ljZj:t lyO{ . d
d':s'/fPF .
æcf]s] ca hfd\ n Û ltDnfO{ l9nf] x'G5 lg km]l/ .Æ olt eGb}
d}n] p;sf] cf}+nf k8\sfPF . p;n] …P]ofÚ eGb} d'v v'DRofO{ / egL,
æafO{ Û cfO{ ljn sn o' .Æ
ef]lnkN6 d :d[ltsf] kmf]gsf] kvf{Odf al;/x]sf] lyPF . t/ p;n]
kmf]g ul/g . d}n] g} p;nfO{ kmf]g u/]F . p;sf] kmf]g l/l;e ePg .
:d[ltn] lsg o:tf] ul//x]sL 5], a'‰g} ;lsgF . d lbgel/ olQs} ?ddf
al;/x]F . Snf; klg cfOgF . ;fFem kfFr ah]lt/ p;n] dnfO{ kmf]g u/]/
ay{8]df cfpg egL .
lbbLsf] ay{8]df af]nfPsf]df dnfO{ v';L nfUof], ;fy} s]xL
cK7\of/f] lkmn klg eof] . hfpnfv]n k'u]/ p;nfO{ sn u/]F . p;n] …l8PeL
:s'n hfg] af6f]df cfpFb} u/ d ltdLnfO{ lng cfpF5'Ú egL . d cufl8 a9]F
. kfFr ldg]6 lxF8]kl5 p;nfO{ b]v]F . pm Sofh'cn 8]«;df lyO{ . Tof]
cfsif{s u]6ckn] p;sf] 5fFl6Psf] ;'Gb/ z/L/ k|:6 b]lvGYof] . lxFl8/xFbf
d}n] bflxg] xftn] p;nfO{ cFufnf] xfNg vf]h] . t/ p;n] To;f]
ug{ lbOgF . ;fob j/k/sf dfG5]n] b]V5g\ eg]/ 8/fPsL x'g'k5{ pm . d}n]
klg km]l/ k|of; ul/gF .
:d[ltn] oL ;a} s'/fnfO{ ;fdfGo ¿kdf lnO/x]sL 5 eGg] s'/f d}n]
a'lem;s]sf] lyPF . pm s]jn ;fyLsf] h:t} Jojxf/ ul//x]sL lyO{ . t/ p;n]
u/]sf] ls;n] d]/f] hLjgdf e'OFrfnf] g} NofOlbPsf] lyof] . cl3Nnf]
lbgb]lv d]/f] dgdf :d[ltk|lt k|]d dfq geP/ ;Ddfg klg hflu;s]sf] lyof] .
xfdL, pm a:g] 3/df k'Ubf;Dd ToxfF !)–!@ hgf pkl:yt eO;s]sf lyP .
p;n] tLghgf lbbLx¿sf ;fd'Gg] d]/f] kl/ro lbO{ . d}n]
;a}nfO{ gd:sf/ u/]F . ;'?df dnfO{ :d[ltsf # hgf lbbL /x]5g\ eGg]
nfUof] . t/ afFsL b'O{hgf t lbbLsf ;fyL /x]5g\ . :dfl/sf dfq :d[ltsf] lbbL
x'g'x'Fbf] /x]5 . d}n] cfkm\gf] Aofuaf6 km"nsf] u'R5f lemsF] / …
XofKkL ay{ 8] lbbL ÛÚ eGb} pxfFsf] xftdf lbPF . Tof] eL8df d}n]
af/Daf/ :d[ltnfO{ gf]l6; ul//x]F . l8g/ ul//xFbf dnfO{ cK7\of/f]
nflu/x]sf] lyof] . :d[lt glhs} cfP/ a;]kl5 dfq} d}n] ;xh dx;'; u/]F .
ToxfFaf6 d kmls{+bf ;fFemsf] &M$) alh;s]sf] lyof] .

)))

pm x/fpg'sf] sxfgL atfO;s]/ pd]zn] hudf /fv]sf] kfgL lkof] .

dMdsf Kn]6 / lrofsf lunf;x¿ l/TofO;s]sf lyP . Ps l5g ;fdfGo xfF;f]76\6f /
afFsL uGyg 6'ª\UofPkl5 pgLx¿ ToxfFaf6 lxF8] .
cleif]sn] dgdg} ;f]Rof]– pd]z t lgs} km/jf8{ /x]5 . p;n] af/Daf/
cfkm";Fu bfFlh/Xof] . cleif]ssf] dg på]lnt eO/x]sf] lyof] / lhl:sFb}
eGof], æn Û eg]kl5 ltdL klg ca /ª\uLg b'lgofFdf k|j]z u/]5f} . df]h
x'Fb}5 x}g t <Æ
æd t :d[lt;Fu} lax] u5'{ of/ Û cF, cab]lv t]/f] efph", a'lem;\ <Æ
pd]zn] tF eGf]/ ;Daf]wg ubf{ cleif]snfO{ cln ;ª\sf]r nfu] klg p;n] vf;}
jf:tf u/]g . t/ :d[ltl;t lax] g} ug]{ s'/fn] pm crlDdt eof] / eGof], æ!)
kf; u/]sf] 5}g, lax] ug]{ s'/f u5f}{ ltdL ÛÆ
 æs] ef] t Û pm g} d]/f] klxnf] clg clGtd k|]d xf], ug'{ k/]g t
lax] .Æ pd]zn] km]l/ ToxL s'/fnfO{ hf]8 lbof] . cleif]snfO{ ca cufl8 s]
eGg] eg]/ s'g} cfOl8of cfPg .
b'j}n] Ps–csf{nfO{ k|]d u5{g\ eg] lax] s] 7"nf] s'/f] eof] eGg]
nfUof] p;nfO{ . t/ olt rfF8} lax] g} u5'{ eGbf pm lhNn k¥of] . xtf/df
lg0f{o u/]/ km';{bdf k5'tfpg' 7Ls xf]Og .
p;nfO{ Ps lx;fan] pd]zsf] s'/f 7Ls klg nfUof] . olb ;Rrf k|]d 5
eg] To;nfO{ Pp6f prfO;Dd n}hfg'k5{ . kl/0ffdd'vL k|]d g} rf]vf] k|]d
xf] / Tof] kl/0ffd eg]sf] ;w}+sf nflu Ps–csf{sf] x'g]u/L j}jflxs aGwgdf
afFlwg' xf] . gq s's'/sf] h:tf] l;hgn ne / cfhef]lnsf l76fl76Lx¿sf]
h:tf] ;:tf] km];]g]an ne t ahf/df hlt klg b]Vg kfOG5 .
aflx/L ?kdf x]bf{ km6fxf / 56\6'h:t} b]lvP klg pd]z dgsf] eg]
;kmf /x]5, cleif]sn] dgdg} ;f]Rof] . p;sf] dgdf klg dfofk|Lltsf s'/f v]Ng
yfn] . pd]zsf] h:t} cfkm\gf] klg un{k|m]G8 eOlbP x'GYof] h:tf]
p;nfO{ nfUg yfNof] .
5'l§g] a]nfdf pd]zn] cleif]ssf] gf]6a's dfUof] . cleif]sn] r'krfk
gf]6a's lems]/ lbof] / 5'6\l6of] . af6f]df s]xL vfg]s'/f lsg]/ emf]nfdf
/fVof] p;n] . xf]:6]n k'u]kl5 pm ;/f;/ :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g alxgLsf] ?ddf
uof] . ToxfF p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ dfq b]Vof] .
æa}gLx¿ v} t <Æ
æpgLx¿ Tf v]Ng uP .Æ :jl:tdfn] hjfkm lbO{ .
cleif]sn] vfg]s'/fsf] kf]lnlyg :jl:tdfnfO{ lbFb} eGof], æltdLx¿
;a}hgf afF8]/ vfg' x} .Æ :jl:tdf s]xL af]lng . p;n] kf]lnlyg ;dft]/
6]andfly /fvL . …ltdL klg vfg' lgÚ eGb} cleif]s cfkm\gf] ?ddf uof] .
/fltsf] vfgf vfO;s]kl5 cleif]safx]s ;a}hgf :68L ?ddf uP/ k9\g yfn]
. cleif]s eg] a]8df kN6]/ k|]ldn :jKg dgel/ ;hfpg yfNof] .
p;n] ;f]Rbf;f]Rb} 3fF6L ;'s]sf] dx;'; u¥of] . kfgL lkpg lsr]gdf
k:of] . ;a} ljBfyL{ :68L ?daf6 aflx/ lgl:sFb} lyP . cleif]s kfgL lkP/ :
68L ?ddf l5g{} nfu]sf] lyof], p;n] dflyNnf] l;F9Ldf lgsLnfO{ b]Vof] .
lgsL p;nfO{ x]l//x]sL lyO{ . cleif]sn] b]Vg]lalQs} pm ;/f;/ dfly
plSnO{ . alxgLn] cfkm"nfO{ lrof] ul//x]sf] h:tf] nfUof] / klg pm ;/f;/ :
68L ?ddf uof] . ToxfF :jl:tdf PSn} lyO{ . :jl:tdf klg emf]nfdf lstfa
xfNb} ?d hfg] t/v/df b]lvGyL . cleif]snfO{ b]v]/ :jl:tdf d':s'/fO{ .
pm :jl:tdfsf] glhs}sf] a]Grdf uP/ a:of] . /flt 6\o'anfO6sf] pHofnf]n]
:jl:tdfsf] d'xf/ rlDs/x]sf] lyof] .
æ;lsof] t xf]djs{ <Æ cleif]sn] ;f]Wof] .
:jl:tdfn] ;/n 9ª\un] hjfkm lbO{, æcF, Pp6f afFsL 5, ef]ln laxfg
ug]{ .Æ :jl:tdfnfO{ hfg xtf/ ePsf] s'/f p;n] a'lem;s]sf] lyof] . To;}n]
/f]Sg rfx]g p;n] . pm Aofu af]s]/ cufl8 lgl:sO{ . nfO6 ckm u/]/
:jl:tdfsf] kl5–kl5 x'Fb} cleif]s klg cfkm\gf] ?ddf uof] .
cleif]snfO{ alxgLn] lrof] u/]sf]df c;lhnf] dx;'; e}/x]sf] lyof] .
pm leqleq} 8/fof] . lsg lgsLn] To;/L x]/]sL xf]nL . p;n] a'‰g} ;s]g .
cfkm" :68L ?ddf uP/ :jl:tdf;Fu s'/f u/]sf] alxgLn] rfn kfPh:tf] nfUof]
p;nfO{ . alxgLnfO{ s] eg]/ ;Demfpg] < lgsL cem} aRr} 5] . o:tf] s'/f
a'‰5] / p;n] < cleif]ssf] dgdf Ps lsl;dsf] åGå ;'? eof] . p;n]
dnfO{ b]Vg' ;+of]u klg t x'g;S5 < o:t} cg]sy/L s'/f dgdf v]nfpFb}
pm ;'Tof] .

)))

lgsL :s'n 8«];df 7"nf] Aofu af]Sb}, laxfg cleif]ssf] ?ddf cfO{ .
æs] eof] lgsL <Æ cleif]sn] ;f]Wof] .
æxh'/ Tof] :jl:tdf lbbLnfO{ s]s] lsg]/ lsg lbg'x'G5 <Æ cleif]s
6\jfNn k¥of] . æcab]lv glbg'xf]nf .Æ l/;fPsf] kf/fn] lgsL olt eg]/ :s'nlt/
lxF8L .
cleif]snfO{ alxgLb]lv l/; p7]/ cfof] . t/ s]xL eGg'k'j{ g} lgsL
uO;s]sLn] pm r'k nfu]/ a:of] . alxgLn] To;f] eg]/ cfkm"nfO{ unt
ul//x]sf] cjut u/fPsf]df pm leqleq} d'd{'l/of] . alxgLnfO{ o;af/]
;Demfpg vf]Hg' emg\ d"v{tf x'G5 eGg] s'/f a'em]/ p;n] cfkm"
;ts{ x'g' g} plrt 7fGof] . olb lgsLn] of] ;a s'/f 3/df egL eg] pN6}
cfkm"n] ufnL vfg'kg]{5 .
lah|sf];{df cfh w]/} lbgkl5 p;n] :d[ltnfO{ b]Vof] . æxfO{ ÛÆ
p;n] glhs} uP/ clejfbg u¥of] .
:d[ltn] klg pT;'stfsf ;fy xfO{ eGb} xft a9fO{ . cleif]s xft ldnfP/
cfkm\gf] a]Grdf a:of] . TolQs}df pd]z klg cfOk'Uof] . cleif]s 3/L
:d[ltlt/ t 3/L pd]zlt/ x]g{ yfNof] . ;a}nfO{ xfO{ eGb} pd]z klg cleif]s
a;]s} a]Grdf cfP/ a:of] . w]/} lbgkl5 oL tLghgf ;Fu} b]lvP .
l5gd} ;/ cfP/ eGg yfNg'eof], æcfh ltdLx¿sf] clGtd lbg x'g ;S5
la|hsf];{sf] . clg of] z'qmaf/ kmfOgn 6]:6 x'G5 xf]nf .Æ ;a}hgf zfGt
eP/ ;'lg/x]sf 5g\ . c¿ lbgh:tf] cfh xNnfvNnf 5}g sIffdf . la|hsf];{
;lsP;Fu} w]/} ;fyL 5'l§g] ePsfn] klg xf]nf ;a}sf] dgdf Ps lsl;dsf]
lvGgtf 5fPsf] . x/sf]xLl;t 5'l§Fbfsf] kL8f k|foM c;Xo g} x'G5 . nueu
b'O{ dlxgfsf] /dfOnf] lhGbuLn] lj>fd ug]{ eof] . ;fob ;a}n] g/dfOnf]
dx;'; ul//x]sfn] klg xf]nf sIff ;f]r]eGbf a9L g} zfGt ePsf] .
;'?;'?df Snf; cfpg dg gnfu] klg kl5 gofF ;fyLx¿;Fu 3'nldn x'Fb}
uPkl5 la|hsf];{sf] Snf;k|lt ljBfyL{sf] nufj a9]sf] lyof] . dgf]/~hg
ug'{sf ;fy} sltkon] 1fg klg afF8]sf lyP .
sltn] t Kn; 6' klg ;Fu} k9\g] of]hgf agfO;s]sf lyP . h] xf];\, o:tf
If0fx¿ ;a}sf nflu :d/0fLo g} x'G5g\ . ;/n] cfh ltdLx¿nfO{ k9fpg] clGtd
lbg xf] eGbf w]/}nfO{ cfkm" plePsf] w/ftn g} efl;Psf] efg eof] .
OG6]n ;fyLx¿nfO{ lbglbg} e]6 u/fOlbg] cfwf/e"ld ag]sf] lyof] . of]
Snf;kl5 ;fob} Ps–csf{l;t e]6 x'G5 xf]nf eGg] lrGtf x/]ssf dgdf
lyof] . ;/n] ;a}nfO{ P;Pn;Lsf] ;kmntfsf] z'esfdgf lbg'eof] . cfh
klxnf]k6s ;a} ljBfyL{ cfkm\gf] k9fO / eljiok|lt lrlGtt b]lvGy] . ;/n]
eg]sf sof}+ s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf ug]{x¿ klg cfh sfg 7f8f] kf/]/ ;'lg/x]sf
lyP . ;/sf] k5fl8 ufnL ug]{x¿sf dgdf klg cfh ;/k|lt ;b\efj knfPsf] lyof] .
e]l6Fbf ;fob sf]xL olt w]/} l;l/o; lyPgg\ g t pT;flxt g} . t/ of] If0fn]
;a}nfO{ klxnf] e]6 ;lDemg afWo t'NofO{ lbof] . yfx} gkfO{ slxn]
logLx¿ Ps–csf{sf eP s;}n] a'‰g ;s]gg\ . x/]s ;'?jftsf] cGTo x'G5
eg]em}+ Tof] /dfOnf] kl/j]zsf] klg clGtd kn cfO;s]sf] lyof] . ;fob}
sf]xL cfh Ps–csf{;Fu l/;fPsf xf]nfg\ . s;}nfO{ s;}k|lt cfh k|ltzf]w 5}g .
Ps k|sf/n] eGg] xf] eg] of] cGTo gofF lhGbuLsf] ;'?jft klg lyof] .

;/n] ;kmn lhGbuLsf] ;a}nfO{ z'esfdgf lbFb} Snf; 6'ª\Uofpg'eof]

. ;a}hgf emf]nf af]Sb} dg klg af]lemnf] agfP/ aflx/ lgl:sP . Snf;
;lsPsf]df / ;fyLx¿;Fu k|foM e]6 gx'g] x'gfn] w]/} b'MvL b]lvGy] .

otf w]/} lbgkl5 rf/}hgf -pd]z, cleif]s, :d[lt / l/lbdf_ e]6 ePsf]df
v';L lyP . :d[ltn] l/lbdfnfO{ xfn]sf] cFufnf]n] pgLx¿aLrsf] ldqtfsf] k|
uf9kgf emlNsGYof] .
æt]/f] df]afOn lsg :jLr ckm lyof] lg < d}n] slt 6«fO{ u/]sf] .Æ
l/lbdfn] egL .
æx]/ g d]/f] l;d g} x/fof] . df]afOn kfgLdf leh]sfn] ;'sfpg /fv]sf]
lyPF . x/fP5 . clxn] Pg;]n rnfpFb}5' . gDa/ hlt ;a} l;ddf lyof] . uof] .Æ
:d[ltsf] hjfkm ;'g]/ l/lbdf s]xL af]lng . olt l86]ndf hjfkm lbg'sf] k5fl8
s]xL g s]xL /x:o 5 eGg] s'/f l/lbdfn] a'lem .
æn awfO{ 5 :d[lt .Æ aLr}df cleif]s af]Nof] .
:d[ltn] a'em]/ klg ga'em]em} u/]/ ;f]wL, æs]sf] awfO{ <Æ
cleif]sn] pd]z / :d[lt b'j}lt/ cf}+nfn] O;f/f ub}{ eGof], æo' PG8
pd]z, xF==xF=== . :d[ltsf] d'xf/ /ftf] eP/ cfof] . afWo eP/ p;n]
xfF:b} egL, æcf] Û Yofª\;\ ÛÆ
æXjf6 < s] xf] of] ;a xF <Æ l/lbdfn] crDd dfGb} ;f]wL .
æh] b]Vof} To} xf] .Æ cleif]sn] hjfkm lbof] .
æs] xf] pd]z, ltdL t 5'k]?:td lgSNof} .Æ l/lbdfn] pd]znfO{ 58\s]
gh/ nufpFb} egL, æPgL j] Û b'j}sf] tkm{af6 l6«6 r}+ x'g'k5{ x}
ÛÆ
pd]z d';'d';' xfFl;/x]sf] lyof] eg] :d[ltsf] :ofph:t} /ftf] d'xf/df klg
d':sfg b]lvGYof] .
 æhfd g l56f] ef]s nflu;Sof] . cfh t nf:6 lbg xf] .Æ cleif]sn] eGof]
. ;a}sf] cg'xf/df g}/fZotf 5fof] . ;a}nfO{ yfxf 5 ef]lnb]lv o;/L e]6 x'g]
5}g .
æs] nf:6 eg]sf] < e]6 eOxfN5 lg . kmf]g 5Fb}5 . km];a's
lhGbfjfb . Dof;]Gh/df s'/f eOxfN5 lg . e]6\g dg nfu] ;a}hgf e]6\g
;lsxflnG5 .Æ :d[ltn] ;a}nfO{ cfZjf;g lbFb} egL . rf/}hgf cufl8 a9] .
pd]z / cleif]s cl3cl3 l/lbdf / :d[lt kl5kl5 . ;w}+ :d[lt / pd]z xft ;dft]/
cl3cl3 lxF8\y] t/ cfh pgLx¿sf] ldqtfn] gofF df]8 lnPsf] k|i6 b]lvGYof] .
pd]z / :d[ltn] cfkm\gf] k|]d ;DaGwnfO{ lnP/ l6«6 lbg] eg]kl5
rf/}hgf /]:6'/]G6leq k;] .

)))

;fFemkv cleif]s a]8df klN6/x]sf] lyof] . lbgel/ ;fyLx¿;Fu 8'n]/

xf]nf, pm ylst 5 . lgsL cleif]snfO{ vf]Hb} cfO{ . a]8df klN6/x]sf]
cleif]snfO{ 3R3RofpFb} egL, æbfbf, bfbf Û ef]ln w/x/f r9\g] x} .Æ
cleif]s h'?Ss p7\of] . Pskm]/f a}gLnfO{ x]/]/ eGof], æx'G5 .Æ pm
km]l/ a]8df klN6of] . lgsL v';Ln] bu'b}{ ?daf6 aflx/ uO{ .
la|hsf];{ ;lsPkl5 pm lbgel/ k|mL g} x'g] eof] . Snf;df ;/n] eg]sf
s'/fn] pm ;f]rdUg 5 . ;fyLx¿l;t klg ca t Tolt;f/f] e]6 x'Fb}g . pm zf/Ll/s
/ dfgl;s b'j} ¿kdf ylst x'gfn] lgsL;Fu w]/} s'/f gu/]/ g} …x'G5Ú
elglbof] . pm nfdf]nfdf] ;f; lnFb} cf]5\ofgdf ;':tfpg yfNof] . nfU5–
p;n] cfh lbgel/ ef/L af]s]/ cfPsf] 5 .
s]xL a]/kl5 pm h'?Ss p7\of] . 38L x]¥of] . ^ aHg nflu;s]sf]
/x]5 . Ps} l5g eP klg k|m]; x'g pm 5tlt/ nfUof] . ;fFemkvsf] dGb
xfjfn] p;nfO{ yf]/} eP klg /fxt lbof] . 5tsf] Ps lsgf/df pleP/ pm
6f9f6f9fsf 7"N7"nf lalN8ª x]b}{ /dfO/x]sf] lyof] . æbfbf ÛÆ
k5fl8af6 lgsLsf]] cfjfh cfof] . p;n] kms]{/ x]¥of], lgsL;Fu} :jl:tdf klg
lyO{ .
 æef]ln w/x/f r9\g] x} .Æ lgsLn] km]l/ egL, æXofFaf6 b]lvG5
w/x/f <Æ
æsxfF b]lvG5 oxfFaf6 <Æ cleif]sn] xfF:b} eGof] . æef]ln slt
ah]lt/ hfg] bfO <Æ :jl:tdfn] ;f]wL . :jl:tdf klg hfFb}5] eGg] s'/f
cleif]snfO{ yfxf g} lyPg .
æltdL klg hfg] xf] <Æ
æcF, d r9]s} 5}g w/x/f .Æ :jl:tdfn] ;Lwf hjfkm lbO{ .
cleif]s dgdg} v';L eof] / eGof], æef]ln vfgf vfP/ ;a}hgf tof/ x'g'
To;f]eP .Æ 6f9fsf] /ftf] lalN8ª b]vfpFb} lgsLn] ;f]wL, æTof] s] xf]
bfbf <Æ :jl:tdf /ftf] lalN8ª x]g]{ axfgfdf cleif]ssf] glhs} uP/
pleO{ . ;a}hgf /ftf] lalN8ªnfO{ x]g{ yfn] . cleif]sn] :jl:tdf
cfkm"glhs} cfPsf] rfn kfO{;s]sf] lyof] .
æv} yfxf ePg .Æ p;n] alxgLnfO{ 6f¥of] .
cfwf 306f hlt 5tdf a;]kl5 p;nfO{ cfkm" Psbd} k|]m; ePem}+
nfUof] / tLg}hgf ?ddf kmls{P .

ef]ln w/x/f r9\g] s'/fn] lgsL ;fx|} v';L 5] . /fltsf] !) alh;s]sf]

lyof] . c¿ ljBfyL{x¿ :68L ?daf6 a]8?dlt/ hfFb} lyP . cleif]s :68L ?ddf
uof] . :jl:tdf;Fu af]Ng] axfgfdf p;n] eGof], æs'g} ghfg]sf] lx;fa 5 eg]
eg n ÛÆ dfgf}+ p;nfO{ Dofysf] ;a} cfpF5 . :jl:tdfn] …5}gÚ egL .

Ps l5gkl5 dgdg} u'gu'g u/]/ p;n] egL, æca xh'/;Fu d]/f] @%)
¿k}ofF afFsL 5 x} .Æ :jl:tdfsf] :j/df lg/fzf 5fPsf] lyof] . cleif]sn]
To;af/] cglj1 x'Fb} eGof], æxf] / <Æ p;n] slxNo} :jl:tdfsf] k};fsf]
lx;fa u/]sf] lyPg . ;fob :jl:tdfn] dfu]sf] eP p;n] /fVg lbPsf] eGbf klg
bf]Aa/ k};f lbg tof/ lyof] pm . aLraLrdf hlxn] k};fsf] cfjZostf kYof]{
:jl:tdf cleif]s;Fu dfUyL . 3/af6 yk k};f cfPdf p;}nfO{ /fVg lbGyL .
:jl:tdf ;/n / ;dembf/ dfq} 5}g, pm ;Tolgi7 klg 5] . p;sf] ;fFrf]
af]Ng] afgL / Jojxf/ v'j} dg k¥of] cleif]snfO{ . hLjgsf] Jofjxfl/stf p;}n]
a'em]sf] x'G5, h;n] b'Mv ef]u]sf] x'G5, p;n] dgdg} eGof] .
 dg t p;n] To;} lbg k/fof] h'g lbg :jl:tdf cfFksf] af]6d'lg aRrf;Fu
v]ln/x]sL lyO{ . t/ k|]d slxn] a:of], Tof] eg] p;nfO{ yfx} ePg . pm
:jl:tdfsf] glhs x'Fbf cfgGb dx;'; u5{, /dfpF5 . dg k|km'lNnt eP/ cfpF5
p;sf] . t/ s] Tof] k|]d g} xf] t < p;nfO{ yfxf 5}g . p;n] :jl:tdfdf ;Rrf
JolStTj b]Vof] . kl/jf/sf] xfn klg p;nfO{ yfxf 5 . dg k/fpg' cfkm\gf]
7fFpdf 5 . ha p;n] :jl:tdfsf] k[i7e"ld yfxf kfof] To;kl5 eg] p;sf] dgdf
:jl:tdfk|lt bof knfPsf] lyof] . p;nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ rfxGYof] pm . ;s]hlt
u/L klg /x]sf] 5 .
sf]7fsf] 6\o'anfO6 ckm u/]/ b'j}hgf cf–cfkm\gf] ?dlt/ nfu] .

)))

laxfg !) gaHb} lgsL, g]xf / c+z' gofF n'ufdf 7fFl6P/ cleif]ssf] ?

ddf cfP . cleif]s cem} tof/ ePsf] lyPg . p;n] alxgLx¿;Fu :jl:tdf klg
cfpnL eGg] ck]Iff u/]sf] lyof] . t/ tLghgf dfq p;sxfF cfP . sfG5L alxgL
c+z' k'tnLh:t} b]lvPsL lyO{ . æltdLx¿ tn uP/ a:b} u/ . d ToxL
cfpF5',Æ cleif]sn] alxgLnfO{ eGof] .
p;n] cfkm"nfO{ dgkg]{ ;]tf] ;6{ nufof] . skfndf yf]/} t]n xfNb}
7f8f] kf¥of] . To;kl5 kkm\o'{d 5/]/ pm ?daf6 tn lgl:sof] . hxfF lgsL,
g]xf, c+z' / :jl:tdf p;nfO{ klv{a;]sf lyP . sfnf] kfOG6 / gLnf] l6;6{df
:jl:tdf lgs} g} /fd|L b]lvPsL lyO{ . p;sf] xftdf a|fpg sn/sf] k;{ lyof] .
cleif]sn] Ps l5gd} ;/;tL{ ;a} s'/f gf]l6; u¥of] . zlgaf/ eP klg jf8]{g
;/;Fu cg'dlt lng' cfjZos lyof] . pm jf8{]g ;/sxfF cg'dlt lng uof] .

;a}hgf pT;flxt 5g\ . alxgLnfO{ lnP/ 3'Dg uO/x]sfn] cleif]sn]

lhDd]jf/L dx;'; u¥of] . alxgLx¿nfO{ a;sf] l;6df /fv]/ cleif]s / :jl:tdf
6fpsf]dflysf] l:6nsf] 808L ;dft]/ pleP . a; cln k/ k'u]kl5 Pp6f l;6 vfnL
eof] . p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ ToxfF a:g ;ª\s]t u¥of] .
 ljBfyL{ ;x'lnotdf l6s6 sf6]/ ;a} hgf w/x/f r9\g leq k;] .
alxgLx¿nfO{ cufl8 nufP/ cleif]s / :jl:tdf klg w/x/fsf v'8\lsnf r9\g yfNf]
. leq cFWof/f] lyof] . :jl:tdfn] cleif]ssf] xft ;dftL . cleif]snfO{ cfkm"
klxnf]kN6 :jl:tdf;Fu olt glhs ePsf]df /dfOnf] nfUb} lyof] . nueu Ps ;o
v'8\lsnf rl9;s]kl5 :jl:tdf lgs} yfls5] . t/ klg pgLx¿ rl9 g} /x] .
alxgLx¿ pT;'stfn] xf]nf pgLx¿ eGbf cufl8 cufl8 r9\b}lyP . pgLx¿ yfs]/
/f]lsPsf 5}gg\ . :jl:tdf cleif]ssf] kfv'/fdf em'l08Fb} v'8\lsnfdf kfOnf
/fVgyfnL .
gjf}+ tnfsf] aflx/ afb{nLdf cfOk'u]kl5 pgLx¿n] nfdf] ;f; km]/] /
v'nf cfsfz lgofn]/ cfkm"nfO{ :jR5Gb dx;'; ug{ yfn] . 6'Kkf];Dd k'Ubf
t :jf; a9]/ s:tf] :jfF:jfF ePsf] lyof] Û w/x/f r9\g] b]zL–ljb]zL ;a}sf] eL8
nfu]sf] lyof] . w/x/faf6 sf7df8f}+ zx/sf] k"/} b[Zo b]lvof] . rf/}lt/sf
b[Zo x]b}{ ljzfn zx/ sf7df8f}+nfO{ Sofd/fdf s}b ug]{ k|of; u/] .
;a}hgf s]xL a]/;Dd /dfP/ pgLx¿ ToxfFaf6 cf]ln{P .
cleif]sn] ;'Gwf/fd} /x]sf] /]:6'/]G6df uP/ dMdsf nflu $ j6f s'kg lnof] .
ærf/j6f dfq} <Æ :jl:tdfn] ;f]wL .
ædnfO{ vfg dg 5}g, ltdLx¿ vfpm .Æ cleif]sn] hjfkm lbof] .
lgsL, g]xf / c+z' dMdsf] 6k/L xftdf lnP/ a;] . :jl:tdfn] cleif]ssf]
cg'xf/df x]/L . s]xLa]/kl5 xftsf] 6k/L cufl8 a9fpFb} egL, ætkfO{+ klg
vfg' g ÛÆ
alxgLx¿ vfg yfln;s]sf lyP . cleif]s Ps l5g cndndf k¥of] . p;n]
:jl:tdfsf] cfu|xnfO{ gsfg{ ;s]g . b'j}hgf Pp6} 6k/Lsf] dMd Pp6}
l;Gsfn] vfg yfn] . :jl:tdfn] cfkm"k|lt b]vfPsf] cfTdLotfn] pm leqleq}
dVv lyof] . Ps–csf{n] cfkm\gf] ;lDemPem}+ nfUof] . x/]sk6s pm
:jl:tdfnfO{ x]/]/ d"Nofª\sg uYof]{ . :jl:tdfsf] af]Ng] z}nL / Jojxf/n]
cleif]snfO{ df]xgL nfpg yfNof] ca .
lbpF;f]sf] !M#) alh;s]sf] lyof] . pgLx¿ dMd vfP/ ToxfFaf6
kmls{P . alxgLx¿ cl3cl3 / :jl:tdf–cleif]s kl5kl5 x'Fb} sf7df8f}+ dnlt/
cfOk'u] . :jl:tdfnfO{ s]xL ;fdfg lsGg'kg]{ ePsfn] lgsL / :jl:tdf Pp6f
k;ndf uP . cleif]s aflx/ alxgL;Fu} pleof] . af6f]df dfG5]x¿sf] TolQs}
eL8 lyof] . PSn} lxF8\bf klg c¿;Fu 7f]lSsOPnf ls eGg] 8/ . hf]UuLP/
lxF8\g'kg]{ . :jl:tdf / lgsL k;naf6 kms]{kl5 ;a} ToxfFaf6 cufl8 a9] .
alxgLx¿ /dfpFb} bfofF afofFtkm{ ;lhPsf k;n x]b}{ lxF8\b} lyP .
cleif]s :jl:tdfsf] af/]df ;f]Rgd} Jo:t lyof] . Go"/f]8sf] af6f] qm;
ul/;s]kl5 lgsLn] cflQFb} ;f]WfL, æbfbf Û c+z' v} <Æ
cleif]sn] jl/kl/ x]¥of] . cfkm";lxt rf/hgf dfq} /x]5g\ ToxfF . lgsL /
g]xf Pp6f ;fO8df 6\jfNn kb}{ pleP . cleif]s / :jl:tdf Psbd} cflQP . ca
s] ug]{ < s;}nfO{ s]xL yfxf ePg . b'j}hgfn] cfFvfn] EofP;Dd 6f9f
6f9f;Dd gh/ bf}8fP . t/ s;}n] c+z'nfO{ b]Vf]g . dfG5]x¿sf] eL8df
;f]wf}+ eg] s;nfO{ ;f]Wg] < /ge'Nndf k/]sf :jl:tdf / cleif]s bfofFafofF
x]g{ yfn] .
ætkfO{+ hfg' Go"/f]8lt/ . PgP;Llt/ d vf]H5' .Æ :jl:tdfn] egL .
æltdLx¿ oxfFaf6 st} klg ghfpm x} ÛÆ cleif]sn] lgsL / g]xfnfO{
;Demfof] . b'j}n] 6fpsf] xNnfP .
bz ldg]6kl5 x:ofªkm:ofª ub}{ cleif]s alxgLx¿ ePsf] 7fpFdf
cfOk'Uof] . p;sf] lgwf/el/ kl;g} kl;gf lyof] . Æ :jl:tdf cfOg <Æ p;n]
alxgLnfO{ ;f]Wof] . b'j}n] gfOF eGb} 6fpsf] xNnfP .
cleif]snfO{ c;fWo} 8/ nfu]/ cfof] . p;sf] lbdfun] /fd|f];Fu sfd ug}
{ 5f8\of] . s;/L alxgLnfO{ vf]Hg] eg]/ pm Psbd} ;d:ofdf k¥of] .
alxgLx¿ klg r'k nfu]/ cleif]snfO{ x]l//x] . Ps l5gkl5 :jl:tdf klg lg/fz
x'Fb} ToxL cfOk'UfL . cleif]ssf] xf]; pl8;s]sf] lyof] . ltdLx¿ ot}
cufl8af6 uf8L r9]/ ?d hfpm, d vf]h]/ cfpF5' . cleif]sn] clnslt ;fx;
a6'Nb} eGof] / alxgLx¿nfO{ ToxfFaf6 k7fof] .

ca pm PSn} emg\ cQflnof] . sxfF uP/ vf]Hg] < j/k/ ;a}

x]l/;Sof] . pm lg/Lx eP/ ple/x]sf] lyof] . cfzf dfb}{ eP klg p;n] ToxLF
cufl8sf] 6«flkms k|x/LnfO{ uP/ cg'/f]w u¥of] . k|x/Ln] alxgLsf]
ljj/0f ;a} cleif]saf6 lnPkl5 cfZjf;g lbFb} eGof], ætkfO{ lrGtf
glng'xf];\ . xfdL aRrL kfpg]lalQs} tkfO{+nfO{ va/ ug]{5f}+ . a?
xfdLnfO{ kmf]g gDa/ pknAw u/fO{lbg';\ .Æ cleif]sn] cfkm\gf]
df]afOn gDa/ eGof] . k|x/Ln] km]l/ eGof], æn]G8nfOg gDa/ lbg'eof]
eg] ;lhnf] x'G5 . df]afOndf kmf]g g} nfUb}g .Æ p;n] xf]:6]nsf] gDa/
lbof] .
cleif]snfO{ yf]/} ePklg /fxt dx;'; eof] .
ca p;sf] ;d:ofdf ;fy lbg] 6«flkms k|x/L klg lyP . ToxfFaf6 lxF8]/
cleif]s Go"/f]8 x'Fb} a;Gtk'/;Dd k'Uof] t/ alxgLnfO{ Totflt/ st}
e]6]g . km]l/ kms]{/ lkk'N; Knfhf x'Fb} pm ;'Gwf/f cfOk'Uof] . ToxfF
klg p;n] /]:6'/]G6 jl/kl/ rf/}lt/ vf]Hof] t/ e]6]g . pm klxn] lxF8]sf]
af6f] sf7df8f}+ dn x'Fb} PgP;L;Dd cfof] t/ s'g} e]p kfpg ;s]g .
p;nfO{ emg\emg\ 8/n] ;tfpg yfNof] . 38Ldf # alh;s]sf] lyof] . p;n]
xf];\ dfq u'dfPsf] lyPg . ca t p;n] alxgL e]§fpg] cfz klg u'dfO;s]sf]
lyof] . pm lg/fz x'Fb} ToxL 6«flkms k|x/LsxfF uof] .
æ;/ Û s]xL yfxf eof] alxgLsf] af/]df <Æ cleif]sn] dl;gf] :j/df
eGof] . g}/fZotfn] p;sf] d'xf/ 5f]lk;s]sf] lyof] . pm slt kL8fdf 5 eGg]
s'/f p;sf] dlng cg'xf/n] k|:6ofO/x]sf] lyof] .
æP, Tof] aRrL < xfdLn] e]6]/ a'emfO;Sof}+ . nflhDkf6 x}g <Æ
k|x/Ln] 7"nf] :j/df eGof] . cleif]ssf] d'xf/df PsfPs v';L 5fof] .
clxn];Dd ;f; /f]lsPem}+ ePsf] lyof] p;nfO{ . nfdf] ;f; k]m/]/ p;n]
eGof], æYofª\s o' ;/, Yofª\s o' e]/L dr ÛÆ
klxnf]kN6 p;nfO{ k|x/Ldfly ljZjf; nfUf]/ cfof] .
æ7Ls 5 Û tkfO{+ klg 3/ hfg';\ ca .Æ k|x/Ln] eGof] . t/
p;n] ;'g]g . cfh klxnf]k6s s;}nfO{ x[bob]lv g} wGojfb eGof] p;n] .
k|x/Ln] cfkm"dfly 7"nf] u'g nufPsf] p;n] dx;'; u¥of] . ToxfFaf6
uf8L r9]/ pm ;Lw} ?d cfOk'Uof] . p;n] ToxfF alxgLnfO{ e]6\of] . c+z'
8/n] s]xL gaf]nL 6'n'6'n' bfbfnfO{ x]/L dfq /xL . :jl:tdf, lgsL / g]xf
cufl8 g} cfO;s]sf lyP . c+z'nfO{ b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ c;fWo} bof
nfUof] . t/ klg pm s]xL gegL ;/f;/ jf8]{g ;/sf] ?ddf uof] . jf8]{g ;/n]
yfxf kfpg'eof] eg] s'/f 3/;Dd k'U5 eGg] 8/ lyof] p;nfO{ . jf8]{g
;/nfO{ gb]v]kl5 ToxL vfgf ksfpg] lbbLnfO{ ;f]Wof] . lbbLn] jf8]{g
aflx/ uPsf] atfPkl5 p;nfO{ yk /fxt ldNof] .
 pm kfgL lkpg lsr]gdf uof] . kl;g}kl;gf ePsf] d'v wf]P/ ;/f;/
cfkm\gf] ?dlt/ nfUof] . n'uf g} gkm'sfnL a]8df klN6of] . tgfjn] yfs]sf]
cleif]ssf] dgdf ljleGg s'/f v]Ng yfn] . dgdg} :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g kfP
x'GYof] h:tf] klg nfUof] p;nfO{ . alxgL x/fpFbf :jl:tdfn] slt lrGtf lnPsL,
Tolt a]nfsf] :jl:tdfsf] cg'xf/ p;sf] cfFvfdf emnemnL cfpg yfNof] .
;fFlRrs} :jl:tdf w]/} g} cflQPsL lyO{ . cleif]seGbf klg w]/} . :jl:tdfaf6
p;n] k|]dsf] cfef; kfof] . t/ h] xf];\, cfh 7"nf] b'3{6gf x'gaf6 hf]luof] .
alxgLnfO{ ;'/lIft xf]:6]ndf b]Vbf Ps l5g t p;nfO{ ?g dg nfu]sf] lyof] .
g]kfndf x'g] w]/} ck/flws 36gfdWo] afnaflnsf ck/x0f klg Ps xf] . cfh
c+z'nfO{ s]xL u/L, s]xL eOlbPsf] eP=== Û pm ;f]Rg klg ;Sb}g .

)))

s]xL lbgd} P;Pn;Lsf] glthf k|sflzt eof] . cfhef]ln glthf

x]g{ klxn]h:tf] uf]/vfkq g} s'g'{ kb}{g . k|ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ w]/}n]
xft}df cfkm\gf] l/hN6 k|fKt u5{g\ . df]afOnaf6 Pp6f Dof;]h
k7fpg]lalQs} ;a} hfgsf/L yfxf x'G5 .
&^ k|ltzt cª\s NofPsf] cleif]s v';L 5 . p;df pT;fx klg ylkPsf] 5 .
hals p;sf cGo ;fyLx¿n] Tof]eGbf w]/} cª\s NofPsf 5g\ . xfdLn]
cfkm";Fu h] 5 To;}df /dfpg ;Sg'k5{ . c¿sf] ;kmntfdf b'MvL x'g'eGbf
cfkm\g} jf:tljstfdf v';L x'g' g} pQd xf] . p;sf la|hsf];{sf ;fyLx¿df
l/lbdfn] (!, pd]zn] &% / :d[ltn] *$ k|ltzt cª\s NofP . kmf]gd} Ps–
csf{nfO{ awfO{ lbgdf Jo:t 5g\ ljBfyL{x¿ . b]zel/sf] dfxf]n P;Pn;Lsf]
glthfdo eof] .
xf]:6]ndf klg Ps lsl;dsf] v';L g} 5fof] . alxgLx¿ klg v';L 5g\ .
gxf]pg\ klg s;/L < cleif]sn] rsn]6sf kf]sf hf] afF8]sf] 5 . :jl:tdf, vfgf
ksfpg] lbbL / jf8]{g ;a}n] p;nfO{ awfO{ lbP . 3/df cfdf–
a'afnfO{ v';Lsf] va/ ;'gfpg kfpFbf s'g ;Gtfg v';L x'Fb}g / < cfdf–
a'afsf] cfzL{jfb 5f]/f 5f]/Lx¿sf nflu ;w}+ cd"No g} x'G5 .
 cfh xf]:6]ndf cleif]sn] l6«6 lbg] eof] . p;n] k;naf6 % lsnf] df;'
lsg]/ Nofof] . ;fy} cGo w]/} kl/sf/ agfpg'kg]{ ePsfn] xf]nf cfh :jl:tdf,
alxgL, cleif]s / lbbL efG5fd} Jo:t 5g\ . klxnf]kN6 p;n] xf]:6]ndf
:jl:tdf;Fu v'n]/ af]Ng] df}sf kfof] . pgLx¿ ;a} lbbLnfO{ ;3fpg lsr]gdf
Jo:t 5g\ . sfd ul//xFbf a]nfa]nf lhl:sG5g\ klg . cleif]snfO{ :jl:tdf
lhl:sFbf cfgGb nfU5 . p;nfO{ cfkm" :jl:tdfsf] glhs eO/xg kfP
x'GYof]em}+ nfUg yfNof] .
;a}hgf ldn]/ vfgf tof/ kf/] . vfgf vfP/ ?d hfg] a]nfdf :jl:tdfn]
;f]wL, æca s] k9\g] xh'/ <Æ
æv} lkmS; 5}g . ;fOG; k9\5' xf]nf .Æ cleif]sn] hjfkm lbof] .
æs'g sn]h <Æ :jl:tdfn] km]l/ ;f]wL .
æyfxf 5}g .Æ OG6«fG;df hxfF gfd lgl:sG5 ToxLF k9\g'knf{ .
p;n] ;/n hjfkm lbof] .
ef]lnkN6 pm ;fyLx¿nfO{ e]6\g lgl:sof] . w]/} lbgkl5 ;w}+ vfhf
vfg] k;ndf rf/}hgf hDdf eP . Psn] csf{nfO{ cª\sdfn ub}{ awfO{ lbg
yfn] . o:tf] nfUYof], km]l/ Tof] k'/fgf] v';L kmls{Psf] 5 . ;fob w]/}
lbgkl5 e]6]/ xf]nf cleif]s l/lbdfsf] ;f}Gbo{af6 lgs} k|efljt eof] . x'g t
l/lbdf slxNf] s'¿k b]lvPsL lyO{ / < p;sf] ;f}Gbo{ ct'ngLo g} 5 .
dfG5]sf] aflx/L ;f}Gbo{n] eGbf klg leqL ;f}Gbo{n] a9\tf
dxTTj /fVbf]/x]5 . zf/Ll/s ;f}Gbo{ Ifl0fs x'G5 eg] cflTds bL3{sfnLg .
zf/Ll/s ;f}Gbo{df cflTds, Jofjxfl/s / j}rfl/s
;f}Gbo{ ylkP ;'gdf ;'uGwh:t} x'g] . leqaf6 cjnf]sg ubf{ l/lbdf To:t}
nfUof] p;nfO{ . ;fob l/lbdfnfO{ eujfg\n] km';{bdf agfPsf] x'g'k5{ .
;a}hgf ;fOG; g} k9\g] /] . t/ pd]zsf] eg] a]Un} of]hgf 5 . pm
Dofg]hd]G6 k9\g rfxG5 . eljiodf Jofkf/L aGg] wf]sf] 5 p;sf] . l/lbdfsf]
p2]Zo 8fS6/ aGg] /x]5 . To:t} :d[ltn] eg] ci6«]lnofsf] ;kgf a'Gb}
/lx5] .
eljiodf cfkm" s] aG5' eGg] s'/f cleif]snfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ klg
pm ;fOG; k9\g rfxG5 . c? w]/} ljBfyL{nfO{ h:t} p;nfO{ klg cfkm\gf]
eljiosf] of]hgf g} yfxf 5}g . P;Pn;Lkl5 s] k9\g], s'g ljifo /f]Hg], s:tf]
sn]h /fd|f] xf] / ;f] k9]kl5 eljiodf s] ug]{ xf] eGg]df clwsf+z
ljBfyL{h:t} pm klg cGof]ndf 5 .
rf/}hgf vfhf vfFb} /dfO/x]sf lyP .
æcle Û xfdL ;a}hgf Pp6} sn]hdf k9\g'k5{ n ÛÆ l/lbdfn] egL .
æcF x} Û rf/}hgf Pp6} sn]hdf eof] eg] t /dfOnf] x'G5 .Æ :d[lt
aLr}df af]nL . cleif]s pd]z s]xL af]N5 ls eg]/ Ps l5g klv{of] . t/ pd]z
eg] vfgd} Jo:t lyof] .
æs'g sn]h k9\g] <Æ cleif]sn] k|Zg u¥of] . t/ sf]xL af]n]gg\ . Ps
l5gkl5 pd]zn] …s]Pd;LÚ eGb} ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f u/fof] .
æs]Pd;L <Æ :d[ltn] crDd dfGb} ;f]wL . rf/}hgf Ps–
csf{nfO{ x]/]/ 6\jfNn k/] . TolQs}df l/lbdfn] egL, æltdL t Dofg]hd]G6
k9\g] eg]sf] xf]Og < ltd|f]–xfd|f] sn]h t ldNb}g To;f]eP .Æ
æsxfF x'g' dhfs kf] u/]sf] pd]zn], ;fOG; g} k9\g] xf] .Æ cleif]sn]
pd]znfO{ ;fy lbFb} eGof] .
l/lbdfn] :d[lt / pd]znfO{ O+lut ub}{ eGg yfnL, æltdLx¿ b'O{hgf t
Pp6} sn]h, Pp6} Snf;df k9\g'k5{ x} .Æ
æTolt dfq xf] / < Pp6} a]Gr klg eg g .Æ cleif]sn] 7§fdfly 7§f
ub}{ yKof] .
æxf] t x} Û gq t …cfp6 ckm ;fO6, cfp6 ckm dfOG8Ú eG5g\ .
ljrf/ u/ x} pd]z .Æ l/lbdf lh:sfpg yfnL .
pd]z s]xL gaf]nL d':s'/fO/Xof] . æltdLx¿ klg To} ug]{ t xf]nf
lg .Æ :d[ltn] klg cleif]s / l/lbdfnfO{ O+lut ub}{ egL . cleif]s /
l/lbdfn] Ps–csf{sfnfO{ x]/] . cleif]s s]xL af]n]g . l/lbdf xfF:g yfnL .
æs] ;f]lrÚ/f cle tF < s] 5 ljrf/ <Æ pd]zn] cleif]snfO{ ;f]Wof] .
æv} of/, yfxf g} 5}g . OG6«fG;df kf; klg t x'g'k¥of] .Æ pm cln
l;l/o; b]lvof] . l/lbdfn] cfkm"nfO{ x]/]/ xfF;]sf]df ;fob
p;nfO{ xLgtfaf]w eP5 .
æTof] klg xf] x} .Æ pd]zn] cleif]snfO{ ;dy{g ub}{ eGof] . t/ ltdL
6]G;g gn]pm . xfdL b'j} Pp6} sn]hdf k9\g'k5{ . xfd|f] dfS;\ klg p:t}
5 . logLx¿ t 6k/ eOxfn] lg Û cln /fd|f] sn]hdf k9\gnfO{ .Æ pd]zsf]
s'/fn] cleif]snfO{ s]xL /fxt lbP klg l/lbdfnfO{ eg] 7]; nfu]em}+ eof] .
æ5\of Û ltdL klg h] kfof] ToxL geg t .Æ l/lbdfn] egL .
æ5f8 of] s'/f, h] xf]nf xf]nf . hfd\ ca .Æ :d[ltn] ;a}nfO{ p7\g
cfu|x ub}{ cfkm" klg p7L . pd]zn] k};f lt¥of], rf/}hgf lgl:sP .
æn ca slxn] e]6\g] <Æ cleif]sn] ;f]Wof] .
æe]6Dnf lg h}n] x'G5 . a6\ lsk Og 6r x} . x}g t l/lbdf <Æ
:d[ltn] lgw{Ss;fy egL . lxF8\bflxF8\b} cleif]s 5'l§g'kg]{ 7fpF cfof] .
æn ;fyL xf], afO{ ÛÆ cleif]s cfkm\gf] af6f] nfUof] / afFsL
tLghgf csf]{ af6f] .

)))

OG6«fG; lbPsf ;a} sn]hdf Ps}k6s l/hN6 cfpg] eOlbP

ljBfyL{x¿nfO{ klg ;lhnf] x'GYof] . gfd lg:s]sf sn]hdWo]af6 pko'St
sn]h 5gf}6 u/L egf{ x'g ;Sy] . t/ sn]hx¿ Jofkf/d'vL ePsfn] cfkm\gf]
cg's"n glthf k|sfzg ug]{ / P8\ld;gsf] ;dofjlw Psbd} yf]/} /fVg] u5{g\ .
h;n] ubf{ ljBfyL{x¿ P8\ld;g ug{ afWo x'G5g\ .
cleif]sn] OG6«fG; lbPsf lgi6, l6«lg6L / s]Pd;LdWo] lgi6 sn]hsf]
glthf k|sfzg eof] . l/hN6 k|sflzt ePsf] rf/ lbgleq gfd lgl:sPsf :6'8]G6n]
P8\ld;g ul/;Sg'kg]{ ;"rgf;lxt . sn]hn] cfkm\gf] IfdtfeGbf a9L
ljBfyL{sf] gfd k|sfzg ug]{ u5{g\, h;n] ubf{ hlt l56f] P8\ld;g u¥of]
Tolt g} l;6 ;'/lIft x'g] / l9nf] ePdf kfPsf] cj;/ klg u'Dg] eon]
ljBfyL{x¿ cflQFb} P8\ld;g ug{ hfG5g\ . pgLx¿nfO{ c¿ sn]hsf] glthf
kv]{/ a:g] ;do g} x'Fb}g .
cleif]snfO{ klg To:t} eof] . lg:6df P8\ld;g ul/xfNg] ls cGo
sn]hsf] glthf s'g]{ < pm o:t} b'ljwfdf ?ddf PSn} al;/x]sf] lyof] .
:jl:tdf :s'n o'lgkmd{ d} p;sf] ?ddf cfO{ . b'j}hgf Ps–
csf{nfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} d':s'/fP .
 æs] eof] < tkfO{+nfO{ ;~rf] 5}g <Æ :6'ndf a:b} :jl:tdfn]
;f]wL .
æs]xL ePsf] 5}g .Æ p;n] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbof] .
æeGg' g, s] eof] tkfO{+nfO{ <Æ lh2L ub}{ :jl:tdfn] km]l/
;f]wL .
ælg:6sf] OG6«fG;sf] l/hN6 cfof] . gfd lgl:sPsf] 5 .Æ p;n] olt
eGg gkfpFb} :jl:tdfn] …jfp ÛÚ eGb} xft cufl8 a9fO{ / awfO{ lbO{ .
æwGojfb .Æ cleif]sn] eGof] .
æca t ToxL k9\g] xf]nf lg xh'/ <Æ
:jl:tdfsf] pT;'stf b]v]/ pm 5Ss / dVv lyof] . cleif]sn] kSsf geP/}
eGof], æv} s] ug]{ s] ug]{ e}Ú/f5 ÛÆ
æn Û n Û tkfO{+ To} k9\g' ca . d uPF ?ddf .Æ :jl:tdf
km'ls{+b} uO{ .
:jl:tdfnfO{ s] yfxf– s'g sn]h s:tf] 5 < s'/} ga'emL ToxL sn]h
k9\g' eGb} uO{ . cleif]sn] dgdg} ;f]Rof] . t/ p;sf] lg0f{on] cleif]ssf]
clglZrttf sd ul/lbof] . p;nfO{ nfUof] :jl:tdf 7Ls eGb} 5] . sn]hx¿ k|
foM p:t} x'g\, k9\g] t cfkm}+n] xf] . lg:6df P8\ld;g ug]{ . p;n] t'?Gt
lg0f{o lnof] .
:jl:tdf k|ltsf] e/f];f / ljZjf;n] ubf{ g} cleif]sn] lg:6d} egf{x'g]
clGtd lg0f{o lnof] . cleif]s :jl:tdfnfO{ k|]d klg ug{ yfn]sf] 5 . t/
eGg ;ls/x]sf] 5}g . p;nfO{ 8/ 5 . cfkm\gf] k|]d :jl:tdfn] :jLsf/ ulb{g ls
eGg] . pm ToxL 8/n] dgdf s'/f u'D;fP/ a;]sf] 5 .
olb :jl:tdfn] p;nfO{ k|]d gug]{ /lx5 eg] pm cfkm}+ kZrfQfkdf
lk/f]lng]5 . pm rfxG5, :jl:tdfn] s]xL egf];\ . t/ p;n] ;'g]sf]– s]6L
dfG5]n] dgsf] s'/f ;'?df eGb}gg\ /] . s]6f dfG5]n] g} eGg'kg]{ /] .
cleif]snfO{ w]/} ufx|f] eO/x]sf] lyof] . gvfpmF t lbgel/sf] lzsf/,
vfpmF eg] sfG5f afpsf] d'xf/ eg]em}+ eof] p;nfO{ . gegf];\ t ;fFrf]
k|]d ug{ yfln;s]sf] 5 pm, eGof] eg] :jl:tdfn] gfOF eGnL eGg] 8/ Û
p;nfO{ of] klg yfxf 5– :jl:tdfn] p;sf] Vofn / ;kf]6{ u5]{ . t/,
k|]dsf] s'/f leGg} xf] . p;nfO{ nfUof]– olb d}n] …cfO{ ne o'Ú
elglbPF eg] pm d;Fu l/;fpg ;S5] . gaf]Ng ;S5] . Tof]eGbf a? geGg' g}
a]; Û
dgsf s'/f eGg w]/} ufx|f] x'g] /}5 . dgdg} ul/g] PstkmL{ ;fFrf]
k|]dnfO{ JoQm ug{ t emg\ r§fg kmf]8\g';/x g} x'g] . k|]ddf s'g}
ha/h:tL x'Fb}g . p;n] km]/L ;f]Rof], cfkm"leqsf] ;Rrf efjgf pko'St
;dodf JoSt ug'{ g} j]z x'G5 . To;af6 clglZrttf 6f9f x'g]5 .
cleif]snfO{ 3/af6 afafn] P8\ld;gsf nflu k};f k7fO;Sg'ePsf] lyof] .
p;n] pd]znfO{ kmf]g u/]kl5 dfq yfxf kfof]– pd]z nueu s]Pd;Ldf k9\g]
kSsf eO;s]sf] /x]5 . p;sf dfdf ToxfF PsfpG6]G6 /x]5g\ . h;n]
ubf{ pd]zsf] yf]/} k|ltzt eP klg p;nfO{ s]xL /sd 5'6 x'g] eof] . t/
cleif]ssf eg] s'g} cfkmGt 5}gg\ . p;n] :d[ltsf] af/]df klg ;f]Wof] .
pd]z s]Pd;Ldf k9\g] eP klg :d[ltnfO{ eg] s]Pd;L k9\g k6Ss} dg /x]g5
. pm c¿ sn]hx¿sf] glthf s'/]/ a;]sL /lx5] . p;n] l/lbdfnfO{ klg kmf]g
u¥of] . l/lbdfsf] klg xfn :d[ltsf] h:t} /x]5 . vf; u/L l/lbdf h]leo;
{ sn]hsf] l/hN6 kv]{/ a;]sL /lx5] .
cGttM cleif]s PlSnof] . eGg t ;a}n] eg]sf lyP– Pp6} sn]hdf ;Fu}
k9\g] eg]/ . t/ ;a} s'/f ;f]r]h:tf] sxfF x'G5 / < hLjgsf] jf:tljstf oxL xf] .
dfG5]sf cf–cfkm\g} rfxgf / ;kgf x'G5g\ . slxn]sfxLF s]xL dfG5]sf
rfxgf, ;kgf Ps x'g ;S5g\ . ltgdf ;dfgtf e]l6g ;S5 . t/ leGg} kl/l:yltsf
sf/0f pgLx¿sf] p2]Zo Pp6} x'Fbfx'Fb} klg af6f] km/s eOlbg] /x]5 .
)))

ef]lnkN6 cleif]s lg:6 sn]hdf P8\ld;g ug{ eg]/ lxF8\of] . p;sf]

dgdf pT;fx / Ps k|sf/sf] 8/ klg lyof] . gofF sn]h, gofF km\ofsN6L, gofF
;fyL / l;ª\uf] jftfj/0f g} gofF . ;dod} P8\ld;g ug{ cfPsfn] p;nfO{ lk|
lG;kn ;/n] s]xL /sd 5'6 ul/lbg'eof] . gq p;n] l8:sfpG6 kfpg] s'g} cfwf/
lyPg . l8:sfpG6 egf}+ jf :sf]n/l;kdf k9\gnfO{ t /fd|} cª\s NofPsf]
x'g'k5{ . gAa] k|ltzt jf Tof]eGbf clws cª\s Nofpg]nfO{ sn]hn] cfly{s
¿kdf w]/} g} ;xof]u ug]{ /x]5g\ . P8\ld;g u/]/ pm k':ts vl/b
ug{ ahf/lt/ lgl:sof] .
 ;fFem kmls{+bf p;sf] xftdf lstfa / sfkLsf a08n lyP . ;fOG;sf
df]6fdf]6f a's / ToxL cg';f/sf sfkLx¿ af]Sbf p;sf xft uln;s]sf lyP .
cleif]s ?ddf gofF k':tsx¿ ldnfpFb} lyof] . :jl:tdf cfOk'uL . a]8df 5l/Psf
df]6fdf]6f k':tsdWo] Pp6f xftdf lnFb} egL, æslt df]6f] lstfa xf] ÛÆ
km]l/ csf]{ xftdf /fvL hf]Vg yfnL . :jl:tdfnfO{ a'ssf] df]6fOeGbf klg
tf}n w]/} g} ePh:tf] nfUof] . lstfasf k]h kN6fpFb} cleif]snfO{
;f]WfL, æbfO Û of] ;a} k9\g'k5{ <Æ
cleif]s afFsL a'ssf kfgf x]b}{ lyof] . st} RofltPsf jf lk|G6 ld:6]s
ePsf 5g\ ls eg]/ . p;n] :jl:tdflt/ kms]{/ eGof], æxf], ;a} k9\g'k5{ . olt
dfq xf] / Û c¿ lstfa t lsGg} afFsL 5g\ .Æ p;sf s'/fn] :jl:tdf lhNn k/L .
p;n] egL, æ;fOG; k9\g ufx|f] x'Fbf] xf] ÛÆ
ev{/} lsg]/ NofPsf gofF k':ts;Fu ldqtf ufF:gd} cleif]s Jo:t 5 .
:jl:tdf PSn} af]Ng yfnL, æd t ;fOG; gk9\g], o:tf] ufx|f] ljifo s;n]
k9\5 . ;fOG; k9]/ ;fOlG6:6 aGg] eP kf] k9\g' . n d uPF . xh'/ a's
ldnfpFb} ug'{ .Æ pm ToxfFaf6 lg:sg vf]HfL . 9f]sf;Dd gk'Ub}
cleif]sn] p;nfO{ af]nfof] .
æxh'/ ÛÆ :jl:tdfn] egL .
æotf cfpm g Ps}l5g .Æ p;n] 6fpsf]n] O;f/f ub}{ af]nfof] .
:jl:tdf glhs} cfO{ . cleif]sn] p;sf] cg'xf/df x]¥of] .
:jl:tdfnfO{ cleif]sn] To;/L x]/]sf]df c;xh dx;'; eof] . p;n] kms]{/
emf]nf vf]Nof] . :jl:tdf cln ge{; eP klg p;nfO{ ljZjf; 5 ls To:tf] unt
s]xL x'g]jfnf 5}g . cleif]sn] emf]nfaf6 a§f lemSb} eGof], ænf} Û of]
ltd|f] nflu .Æ
:jl:tdfnfO{ a§f x]g]{lalQs} yfxf eO;s]sf] lyof], t/ klg a§f xftdf
lnFb} ;f]wL, æs] xf] lg of] <Æ
æ38L xf], ltd|f] nflu . vf]n]/ x]/ g .Æ p;n] cfu|x u¥of] . :jl:tdfn]
a§f vf]n]/ x]/L . 38L ;fx|} /fd|f] lyof] .
æcfxf Û slt /fd|f] 38L ÛÆ p;sf] v';Lsf] njh ;'g]/ cleif]s d':s'/fof] .
:jl:tdfn] 38L k'gM a§fdf xfnL / a]8df /flvlbO{ . Tof] b]v]/ cleif]s
crlDdt eof] .
 æc/] Û lsg /fv]sL < of] ltd|f] nflu xf] . nf} n]pm .Æ p;n] a§f
lbFb} eGof] .
:jl:tdf b'O{ sbd k5fl8 ;/L / egL, ægfOF bfO, d lnGgF .Æ
:jl:tdfsf] k|ltlqmof b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] . s] eGg]
eg]/ pm Ps l5g t cndNn k¥of] . ælKnh :jl:tdf, /fv g of] ltd|} nflu
lsg]sf] . c¿ s;nfO{ lbpmF d}n] < lKnh ÛÆ p;n] pkxf/ :jLsfg{ cg'/f]w
ul//Xof] . t/ klg :jl:tdfn] cfgfsfgL ub}{ egL, ægfOF, dnfO{ rflxPsf]
5}g . xh'/ g} /fVg" .Æ
cfkm"n] k|]d ug]{ dfG5]nfO{ v';L agfpg' ;a}sf] k|fyldstfdf
x'G5 . pkxf/ kfpFbf v';L gx'g] ;fob} xf]nfg\, of] ;+;f/df . To;df klg
s]6LdfG5] t cem a9L . t/ :jl:tdfn] Tof] pkxf/ lng} gdfg]kl5 pm yrSs
a]8df a:of] . :jl:tdf p;s} ;fd' dlng cg'xf/ nfP/ pleO/xL . b[Zo
x]bf{ o:tf] nfUYof], dfgf}+ b'j}nfO{ sIffdf ;/n] klg;d]G6 lbg'ePsf] 5 .
hlt;'s} cfu|x ubf{ klg :jl:tdfn] gdfg]kl5 cflv/df p;n] eGof], æltdL
dnfO{ bfO eG5f} clg bfOn] lbPsf] lukm\6 klg lnFb}gf}+ <Æ
:jl:tdfn] cleif]ssf] cfFvfdf x]/L . cleif]ssf] d'xf/df Ps lsl;dsf] b'Mv
emlNsGYof] . s]xL a]/ sf]7fdf ;Ggf6f 5fof] . :jl:tdfn]
cleif]snfO{ x]l//xFbf p;n] 6fpsf] cGt} df]8\of] .
æn Û To;f] eP nufOlbg' g t .Æ aNn :jl:tdfn] afofF xft cufl8
a9fO{ . pm dgdg} v';L eof] . a§f vf]Nof] / 38L :jl:tdfsf] xftdf
nufOlbof] . d'xf/df v';L kf]Tb} p;n] eGof], æltdLnfO{ s:tf] /fd|
f] ;'xfPsf] ÛÆ
gf8Ldf afFw]sf] 38L ldnfpFb} :jl:tdfn] ;ª\sf]r JoQm u/L . 38L
nufO;s]kl5 :jl:tdfnfO{ cª\sdfn ug{ dg nflu/x]sf] lyof] p;nfO{ t/ p;n]
To;f] ug'{ plrt 7fg]g / kl5 x6\of] .
æn Û d uPF x} .Æ :jl:tdf 9f]sfaf6 lgl:sO{ . p;n] x]l//Xof] . Ps
lx;fan] :jl:tdfn] cfkm\gf] k|]dnfO{ :jLsf/ u/]sf] 7fGof] p;n] .
pkxf/nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ck|ToIf ¿kdf p;n] k|]d k|:tfj g} /fv]sf] dx;';
u¥of] . t/ p;n] bfOsf] pkxf/ lnFb}gf}+ < eg]sf] s'/f klg ;D‰of] .
:jl:tdfn] Tof] 38L lng dfg]sL lyOg . p;nfO{ stfstf k5'tf] nfUg yfNof] .
st} d}n] uNtL t ul/gF < pm ;fFlRrs} k|]d ug{ yfln;s]sf] lyof] . pkxf/ t
k|]d JoSt ug]{ dfWod g lyof] .
cleif]s;Fu} p;sf ;fyLx¿n] klg sIff !! df P8\ld;g ul/;s]sf lyP . t/
rf/}hgfn] km/s–km/s sn]hdf . Pp6} sn]hdf ;Fu} k9\g] /x/ x'Fbfx'Fb}
klg sf]xL ;Fu} sn]h hfg kfpg] ePgg\ . pd]z s]Pd;Ldf, l/lbdf ;]G6 h]leo;
{ / :d[lt k|;fbL Ps]8]dLdf egf{ eP .
sn]h km/skm/s eP klg pd]z / :d[ltaLrsf] k|]d ;DaGw emg\ ulx/f]
aGb} lyof] . df}sf kf/L b'j}hgf gofF–gofF 7fpF 3'Dg hfG5g\ . :d[lt klg
lbbLnfO{ yfxf gx'g] u/L pd]zl;t kmf]gdf 306f}+ s'/f u5]{ . slxn]
Dof;]h t slxn] Dof;]Gh/df Rof6 u/L pgLx¿ cfkm\gf] k|]dsf] 8f]/L
af6\b} lyP .
ev{/} :s'n] hLjgsf] k9fO ;s]sf ljBfyL{x¿ sn]h k9\g hfFbf pT;flxt
x'g' :jfefljs} lyof] . t/ ;'?sf lbgdf dg ldNg] ;fyL ;Fu} gx'Fbf pgLx¿n]
PSnf]kgsf] dx;'; klg u/] . gofF jftfj/0fdf 3'nldn x'g s]xL ;do t nfU5
g} . gofF ;fyLx¿l;t e]63f6 ug]{ of] Ps lsl;dsf] cj;/ klg lyof] .

sn]h hfg yfn]kl5 cleif]sn] ;fOsn lsGof], !@ xhf/df . st} aflx/

lgl:sg'k¥of] eg] p;nfO{ cfhef]ln ;lhnf] ePsf] 5 . sf7df8f}+df x'g]
6«flkms hfdn] slxn]sfxLF t uf8Ldf a;]sf] dfG5], k}bnofqL eGbf klg
l9nf] uGtJodf k'U5g\ . t/ ;fOsn x'g]x¿nfO{ 6«flkms hfdsf] k/jfx 5}g .
cfh klg pm af6f]sf] lsgf/af6 ;fOsn s'bfpFb} /dfO/x]sf] 5 . o:tf]
nfUYof], p;sf] s'g} dxTTjk"0f{ sfd 5'6\g} nfu]sf] 5 .
cfsfznfO{ klg sfnf] afbnn] 5f]Kb} lyof] . s]xL a]/d} kfgL a;]
{nfh:tf] eof] . To;} klg cfhef]ln cleif]snfO{ ?d kmls{g xtf/ g} x'G5 .
hxfF p;sf] lk/tLsf] ;+;f/ 5 .

)))

38L pkxf/ lbPsf] nueu b'O{ xKtfkl5 . ;w}+em}+ cfh klg ;a}
ljBfyL{ :68L ?daf6 lgl:s;s]kl5 cleif]s :68L ?ddf uof] . :jl:tdf klg
emf]nfdf lstfa ldnfpFb} u/]sf] axfgfdf cleif]snfO{ klv{/x]sL lyO{ .
cleif]snfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} pm d';'Ss xfF;L .
s'/fsfgLs} l;nl;nfdf crfgs ;Ggf6f 5fof], ha cleif]sn]
:jl:tdfnfO{ PSsf;L …cfO{ ne o"Ú eGof] . :jl:tdf 6fpsf] em'sfP/ e'OFlt/
x]l//xL . sf]7fdf 6\o'anfO6sf] ;fdfGo pHofnf] dfq 5 . p;n] Psf]xf]/f]
:jl:tdfnfO{ x]l//x\of] . pm :jl:tdfsf] hjfkmsf] kvf{Odf lyof] ;fob . t/
:jl:tdf s]xL af]lNfg . p;n] ;f]r]sL klg lyOgF, cleif]sn] o:tf] eGg] 5
eg]/ . pm h'?Ss p7L . Aofu ;dftL / cleif]slt/ x]b}{ gx]/L ToxfFaf6
lxF8L .
æ;/L Û :jl:tdf ;/L ÛÆ cleif]sn] p;nfO{ k5\ofpFb} eGof] . :jl:tdfn]
s'g} k|ltlqmof lbOg . pm ;/L eGb} uof] . t/ p;sf] s]xL ;Lk nfu]g .
sf]7fdf k'u]kl5 p;nfO{ k5'tf] nfUg yfNof] . stfstf 7"n} uNtL
u/]h:tf] dx;'; eof] . ca s] ug]{ < p;nfO{ cfkm"n] u/]sf] Jojxf/k|lt g}
zld{Gbf nfu]/ cfof] . xtf/d} eGg gx'g] s'/f eg]em}+ nfUof] .
p;nfO{ cfkm}+b]lv l/; klg p7\of] . pm a]8df klN6of] t/ /flt ca]/;Dd
klg lgGb|f k/]g .
dfG5]n] hLjgdf o:t} ;fgfltgf uNtLx¿ y'k|} ug]{ u5{g\ . uNtL
ePkl5 dfq uNtLsf] af]w x'G5 . t/ x/]s uNtLn] kf7 l;sfpF5 . uNtL
gbf]xf]¥ofpg' dfgjtfsf] kl/ro klg xf] . slxn]sfxLF xtf/df u/]sf
lg0f{ox¿n] ubf{ km';{bdf k5'tfpg'kg]{ x'G5, To:t} eof]
cleif]snfO{ klg .
laxfg ha pm Ao'Flemof], lxhf]sf] ;a} s'/f ;kgfem}+ nfUg yfNof]
p;nfO{ . cfkm" Psbd} PSnf] ePsf] dx;'; eof] . vfgfvfg hfg] ;dodf p;sf]
w8\sg a9]/ cfof] . p;nfO{ nfUof]– :jl:tdf lsr]gdf e]l6g ;S5] . pm
Psbd} sdhf]/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdf;fd' uP/ dfkmL dfUg' t s], e'n]/ klg
p;sf] ;fd' kg{ rfxGg . æs;}nfO{ k|]d u5'{ eGg' ;fFlRrs} unt /x]5 .Æ
p;n] dxz'; u¥of] . t/ ;+of]ujz :jl:tdf lsr]gdf gb]v]kl5 p;n] /fxtsf] ;f;
km]¥of] .
:s'n hfFbf k|foM :jl:tdf cleif]snfO{ e]6]/ hfGyL . t/ cfh pm
cfOg . p;nfO{ Tof] s'/fn] Psbd} lk/f]Nof] . p;nfO{ sn]h hfg dg} 5}g .
/ klg pm sn]h lxF8\of] . sn]h uP/ klg p;n] k9fOdf Wofg s]lGb|t ug{
;s]g . ev{/} lrg]sf] gofF ;fyL ljj]s;Fu klg pm Tolt af]n]g . t];|f] lkl/o8
rln/xFbf ljj]sn] ;f]Wof], æs] eof] cfh ltdLnfO{ <Æ
cleif]sn] dg df/]/ hjfkm lbof], æs]xL ePsf] 5}g .Æ
æs]xL t ePsf] 5 ltdLnfO{Æ ljj]sn] km]l/ ;f]Wof] .
æ;~rf] 5}g of/ .Æ
æxf] / < s] eof] < ;~rf] 5}g eg] lgj]bg n]v]/ hfpm g t ?ddf,
cf/fd u/ .Æ ljj]sn] ;Nnfx lbFb} eGof] . cleif]snfO{ ljj]ssf] s'/f 7Ls}
nfUof] . To;} klg pm Snf;df lkmlhsNnL lk|h]G6 / d]G6NnL PA;]G6
lyof] . ;/n] k9fPsf s'/f p;n] /lQe/ klg a'e]m/x]sf] lyPg . ljj]sn] lgj]bg
n]v]/ cleif]snfO{ lbof] . Snf; ;lsPkl5 cleif]sn] lk|lG;kn ;/nfO{ lgj]bg
a'emfof] / pm ;/f;/ ?d kmls{of] .
b'O{ lbg eof] p;n] :jl:tdf;Fu s'/f gu/]sf] . s'/f ug'{ t s] p;n] /fd|
f];Fu b]Vg;d]t kfPsf] 5}g . zlgaf/ laxfg} lgsL xf]djs{ lnP/ cleif]ssf] ?
ddf cfO{ . p;n] alxgLnfO{ ghfg]sf] s'/f l;sfOlbof] . :jl:tdfsf] af/]df
;f]Wg dg nfu] klg p;n] cfkm"nfO{ ;DxfNof] . lbgel/ p;n]
:jl:tdfnfO{ xf]:6]ndf klg b]v]g . zlgaf/ k|foM ;a}hgf xf]:6]nd} /xg]
u5{g\ . :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6]/ …;/LÚ eGg] of]hgf agfO{;s]sf] lyof] p;n] .
pm emg} pbf; eof] . Ps} l5g eP klg pm dg axnfpg PSn} 5tdf uof] .
a]n'sfsf] nueu ^ aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdf xftdf dfnf / k|;fb
af]s]/ cleif]s;fd' cfO{ . Ps lsl;dn] cleif]ssf] kvf{Osf] 38L ;dfKt eof] .
p;nfO{ v';L ;Fu;Fu} k5'tf] klg nfUof] / klg cfkm"nfO{ ;DxfNb}
;f]Wof], æs] xf] of] ;a <Æ s]xL a]/cl3 k5'tf] dx;'; ul//x]sf]
cleif]sn] ;/L eGg klg lal;{of] .
æof] k|;fb lng' ÛÆ :jl:tdfn] k|;fb lbFb} egL, æcfh d cfG6L;Fu
dgsfdgf uP/ cfsf] . oL of] dfnf klg /fVg' .Æ

cleif]sn] dfnf lng dfg]g . p;nfO{ nfUof], of] g} ;/L eGg] df}sf
xf] . To;}n] pm rfxGYof] :jl:tdfn] p;nfO{ dfnf lng s/ u/f];\ . eof] klg
To:t} . æc/] of] dgsfdgfaf6 NofPsf] dfnf xf], gfOF eGg' x'Gg lg .Æ
:jl:tdfn] cln l/;fPem}+ u/]/ egL .
Æ :jl:tdf, ;/L x} . cfO{ Pd l/oNnL ;/L .Æ
æs] sf nflu < k}n] of] dfnf t /fVg' .Æ :jl:tdfn] a'em]/ klg
ga'em]h:t} u/]/ egL .
æx'Fb}g Û klxn] dnfO{ dfkm u/ clg dfq .Æ cleif]sn] lh2L
s:of] . :jl:tdfnfO{ ge{; b]v]/ Ps l5g cleif]snfO{ km]l/ csf]{ uNtL
u/]em}+ eof] . p;n] dgdg} ;f]Rof] ca lh2L ug{ 5f8]/ dfnf ;dfTg'k5{ .
TolQs}df :jl:tdfn] g/d x'Fb} egL, æd klg xh'/nfO{ k|]d u5'{ .
lKnh Û ca t of] dfnf ;dfTg';\ .Æ
cleif]s rlst k¥of] . p;n] o:tf] hjfkm cfpnf eGg] ;f]r]s} lyPg .
:jl:tdfsf] s'/fdf Ps l5g t p;nfO{ ljZjf;} nfu]g . p;n] :jl:tdfsf] xftaf6 dfnf
;dfTof] . p;nfO{ s] eGg] s] ug]{ yfxf g} ePg . dfgf}+, pm v';Ln]
leqleq} kfun eO;Sof] . Ps l5g cfkm\gf] l56f]l56f] rln/x]sf]
w8\sgnfO{ /f]s]/ nfdf] ;f; lnof] / dfnf :jl:tdfsf] xftdf /flvlbof] .

æs] eof] km]l/ <Æ :jl:tdfn] crDd dfGb} ;f]wL . p;n] v';L x'Fb}
eGof], æTof] dfnf ltdL nufOb]pm g d]/f] 3fF6Ldf .Æ pm cln
lgx'l/of] . :jl:tdfn] cfkm\gf b'j} xft p;sf] sfFwdf /fvL / dfnf nufOlbO{ .
cleif]snfO{ cfkm" :jl:tdfsf] cFufnf]df ePsf] cfef; eof] . pm klg
:jl:tdfnfO{ k5fl8af6 s;]/ ;dfTg rfxGYof] t/ To;f] u/]g . p;nfO{ 8/ lyof],
k]ml/ s'g} klg axfgfdf :jl:tdf pm;Fu gaf]Ng] kf] xf] ls < dfnf
nufOlbPkl5 :jl:tdf 5taf6 tn cf]ln{O{ . cleif]sn] p;nfO{ x]l//Xof] .

)))

w]/} lbgkl5 :d[lt cfh l/lbdfsf] ?ddf cfO{ . b'j}hgf Psbd} v';L 5g\
. pgLx¿n] s'/f ul//xFbf o:tf] nfU5, pgLx¿ jiff}{cl3 la5f]l8Psf lyP .
s'/}s'/fdf l/lbdfn] ;f]wL, æt]/f] l/n];g s:tf] x'Fb} 5< clg Û s] 5 pd]zsf]
va/ <Æ
 :d[ltn] Ps l5g ;f]r]/ egL æcF Ple|lyª Oh u'8 . e]6 Tolt xF'b}g
cr]n . Snf; hfpm, xf]djs{ u/ . 6fOd g} x'Fb}g . t/ kmf]gdf s'/f x'G5 .
pm t lxhf] g} 3/ uof] . ;fob a'waf/ cfpF5 xf]nf . clg zlgaf/ e]6\g] Knfg
5 .Æ
l/lbdfn] ;a} s'/f a'em]em}+ u/]/ egL, æP . clg t]/f] Snf; s:tf]
x'Fb}5 lg < l:6«S6 slQsf] 5 of/ <Æ
æcf] Û nf:6 ksfp 5 of/ Snf; t .Æ :d[ltn] skfn ldnfpFb} egL .
æTo:t} xf] of/ d]/f] klg . s] 5 lg t]/f] Aofudf, uwfsf] em}+ ef/L
kf] 5 t <Æ l/lbdf :d[ltsf] Aofu vf]tNg yfnL . æcf] u8 . tF t cr]n v'a
k9Gbf; kf] efsL /}5];\ t ÛÆ
æXof Û s]xL k9Gbf; x}g s], o:t} xf] k|;fbLsf ljBfyL{sf] xfnt . a?
tF eg g t]/f] Snf; s:tf] x'Fb}5 < cF ;fFRrL cleif]s;Fu s'/f x'G5 t]/f] <Æ
æslxn]sfxLF .Æ l/lbdfn] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbO{ .
æclg ltdLx¿sf] l/n];g s:tf] e}/x]sf] 5 lg <Æ :d[ltn] dhfs ub}{
;f]wL .
æl/n];g <Æ l/lbdf cGof}ndf k/L .
æt}+n] dg k/fp5];\ x}g p;nfO{ <Æ :d[ltn] km]l/ k|Zg u/L .
æTo:tf] s]xL lg x}g x]/ . tFnfO{ yfxf 5 t ;a s'/f . dnfO{ p;sf]
afgL dg k5{, pm Pp6f c;n ;fyL xf] .Æ l/lbdfn] s'/f k|:6 kfb}{ egL .
æof Û cfO{ jfh\ h:6 lsl8Ë .Æ :d[lt Tolt eg]/ afy?d uO{ .
l/lbdfn] :d[ltsf] emf]nfaf6 8fO/L lgsfnL . ha :d[lt afy?daf6 kmls{O{,
l/lbdfn] 8fo/L xftdf lnFb} ;f]wL, æcf]O{ of] s] xf] <Æ
ætFnfO{ ;a} s'/f vf]tNg'k5{ < 8fo/L xf] . b]lVbg;\ <Æ :d[lt cln
s8\lsO{ .
æcf] cf] Û nedf k/]kl5 t 8fo/L kf] n]Vg yfln5;\ cr]n, xF Û k9\g
ldN5 <Æ l/lbdfn] cln 7§f ub}{} ;f]wL .
æk9\ g t . tFnfO{ d}n] /f]s]sf] 5' / < Toqf] vf]tNg EofO5;\,
k9\ .Æ :d[lt b/fhdf 6fFl;Psf] P]gfdf cg'xf/ x]b}{ lyO{ . l/lbdfn]
8fo/Lsf %–^ kfgf kN6fpFb} egL, æef] k9\lbgF slt w]/} /x]5,
‰ofpnfUbf] .Æ
 æcf]s], gk9\ . t]/f] OR5f .Æ :d[ltn] egL . æn lxF8\
dnfO{ 5f]8\g, ca d hfg'k5{ .Æ ;fFemsf] % alh;s]sf] lyof] . b'j}hgf ?
daf6 lgl:sP . af6f]df lxFl8/xFbf :d[ltn] egL, æ;'g g . xfd|f] Snf;df
Pshgf x]G8;d s]6f cfsf] 5 lg .Æ
l/lbdfn] ;f]wL, æclg <Æ
:d[ltnfO{ stfstf cfkm\gf] s'/f a]jf:tf u/]h:tf] nfUof] / egL, æclg
glyË .Æ
s]xLa]/sf] df}gtfkl5 l/lbdfn] km]l/ ;f]wL, æsf] xf] lg Tof] s]6f
<Æ t/ :d[ltnfO{ Tof] ljifodf yk s'/f ug{ dg nfu]g / p;n] egL, ælsg
rflxof] tFnfO{, r'k nfu]/ lxF8\ g .Æ
l/lbdfnfO{ :d[lt l/;fPem}+ nfUof] / klg 7§f ub}{ egL, æs] xf] <
pd]znfO{ 5f]8\g] ljrf/ ul/;\ ls Sof xf] ڮ
aNn :d[ltn] d'v vf]nL, ær'k Û To:tf] s]xL xf]Og . h]lk6L af]N5;\
<Æ
l/lbdfn] xfF:b} egL, æxF, xF==, bfnd] h?/ s'5 sfnf x} .Æ
æcf] Û u8, s:tf] s'/} ga'‰g] s] tF . t/ lr/a ;fFlRrs} x]08;d 5
of/ .Æ :d[ltn] emf]nfaf6 kmf]g lemSb} egL . p;n] o;f] kmf]gdf x]/L,
pd]zsf] Dof;]h /x]5 . p;n] l/KnfO{ g} gu/L kmf]g k'gM emf]nfdf
/fvL .
ægfd;d]t ofb ul/5];\ t .Æ l/lbdfn] lh:sfpFb} egL .
b'j}hgf 5'l§g'kg]{ 7fpFdf cfOk'u] . ær'k . ca w]/} s'/f gu/\ of]
ljifodf . n d hfG5' . tF klg kmsL{ .Æ :d[ltn] 5'l§g] O;f/f ub}{ egL .
æe/] cgnfOg cfOh g, s'/f u/f}+nf .Æ l/lbdfn] :d[ltnfO{ emf]nf
lbFb} egL .
æv} of/ xf]djs{ ug'{ 5, EofpFlbg xf]nf . d sn u5'{ lg, cgnfOg
cfpg] ePkl5 . n afO{ .Æ
)))

a]n'sL cleif]s :68L ?ddf k'Ubf p;nfO{ :jl:tdfn] klv{/x]sf] h:tf]

nfUof] . afFsL ;a}hgf cWoog ;s]/ uO;s]sf lyP . cleif]s Psbd} v';L 5 .
gxf];\ klg lsg < h'g dfG5]nfO{ x[bob]lv g} k|]d ul/G5 / abnfdf Tof]
dfG5]n] klg TolQs} k|]d u5'{ eg]kl5, v';Lsf] ;Ldf /xg] t s'/} ePg .
;+;f/sf yf]/} dfG5]sf] efUodf dfq n]lvPsf] x'G5 o:tf] v';L .
cleif]sn] cfkm"nfO{ ltg}dWo]sf] Ps kfq ;lDemGf yfNof] .
æk9]/ Eofof} <Æ cleif]sn] glhs} uP/ ;f]Wof] .
æcF . ca hfG5' ?ddf, lgGb|f nfUof] . olt eGb} :jl:tdf hfg] t/v/
ug{ yfnL . cleif]snfO{ yfxf lyof], ls :jl:tdf p;}sf nflu s'/]/ a;]sL lyO{ /
pm cfpg]lalQs} hfg vf]Hg'sf] sf/0f klg p;n] a'lem;s]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdf
p;n] Ps l5g eP klg a:gnfO{ s/ u/f];\ eGg] rfxGyL . eof] klg To:t} .
cleif]sn] s]xLa]/ a:g cfu|x u¥of] . s]xLa]/ s'/f u/]kl5 :jl:tdfn] emf]nf
prfNb} egL, æca hfd\ x} ⁄Æ
cleif]s 8]:saf6 tn em¥of] / :jl:tdfnfO{ cfkm\gf] cFufnf]df cfpg
p;n] O;f/f u¥of] . :jl:tdf ufx|f] dfg]/ p;nfO{ x]l//xL . cleif]sn] km]l/
6fpsf] xNnfP/ cfu|x u¥of] . :jl:tdfn] ;fob o:tf] sfdnfO{ unt 7fg]sf]
x'g'k5{ .
k|]ddf ljZjf; x'g' h?/L 5 . ljZjf;hl8t k|]d dfq} lbuf] x'G5 . h'g
:jl:tdfn] cleif]snfO{ u5]{ . ToxL alnof] ljZjf;n] cfh
:jl:tdfnfO{ cleif]ssf] cFufnf]df k'¥ofOlbof] . cleif]sn] nfdf] ;f; km]¥of]
. pm :jl:tdfsf] skfn ;'d;'Dofpg yfNof] . skfnsf] af;gf p;nfO{ dL7f] /
g;fn' nfUof] . pm To;}df nlÝof] .
s]xL a]/kl5 b'j} cnlUuP . :jl:tdf emf]nf af]s]/ ?dlt/ uO{ . cleif]s
Ps l5g ToxLF dgdf s'/f v]nfpFb} al;/Xof] . p;nfO{ v';L ;Fu;Fu} 8/ klg
nfu]/ cfof] . pm cfkm\gf] ;DaGwsf] af/]df s;}n] rfn gkfcf];\ eGg]
rfxG5 . s;}n] b]v]sf] eP cfh s] x'GYof] xf]nf < p;n] cfkm}l;t k|Zg
u¥of] . t/ pgLx¿sf lqmofsnfk b]Vg] ToxfF Pp6f 6\o'anfO6 dfq lyof] .
p;n] To} nfO{6 ckm u¥of] / ?dlt/ nfUof] .
;do ;Fu;Fu} cleif]s / :jl:tdfsf] k|]d cem k|uf9 x'g yfNof] . Ps lbg
klg :jl:tdfnfO{ b]Vg kfPg eg] p;nfO{ 56\k6L x'G5 . p;n] cfkm\gf]
;fgf] sfNklgs ;+;f/ lgdf{0f ul/;s]sf] 5 . ;'vL ;+;f/ . Tof] klg k'/} lhGbuL
Ps–csf{sf] ;fydf latfpg] ;ª\sNk;lxt . ;fFlRrs} eGg'kbf{ p;sf] v';Lsf]
;Ldf g} 5}g . slxn]sfxLF t dfG5]nfO{ w]/} v';Ln] klg kfun
agfpFbf] /x]5 . pm o:t} cg'e"lt ug{ yfNof] . 3/df kmf]g ug{ ;d]t
e'n]5 pm, w]/} lbgb]lv .
p;nfO{ :jl:tdfsf x/]s s'/f klxn]b]lv g} dg ky]{ . cfhef]ln emg}
dg kg{ yfn]sf 5g\ . p;sf] xfF;f] xf];\ of d':sfg . p;sf] s'/f ug]{ z}nL /
c¿ xfpefp, slxn]sfxLF l/;fpg] afgL t emg} dg k5{ . cem :jl:tdfn] ;xL /
unt 5'6\ofO{ 8fF7]sf] cleif]snfO{ v'a} dg k5{ . o:t} ;fgfltgf
uNtLx¿ pm hfgLhfgL u5{ . p;nfO{ o:tf ;a} cfgLafgL, lqmofsnfk /
rfndfnfdf k|]d kf]ltPsf] cfef; x'g yfNof] .
jf:tjdf log} lqmofsnfk k|]d cleJoSt ug]{ dfWod x'g\ . p;n]
slxNo} klg zf/Ll/s ;DaGwnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg pko'St 7fg]g . ;fFrf] k|]ddf
Tof] s'/f uf}0f x'g] /x]5 . pm 306f}+ :jl:tdfnfO{ x]/]/ latfpg ;S5 . t/
p;nfO{ s'g} lbg b]Vg gkfpFbf TolQs} kL8f klg x'G5 .
b'O{hgf aLrsf] k|]dsf] nx/f emfFlub} lyof] . j/k/
s;}nfO{ o;sf] ;'Osf] ;d]t 5}g . h] s'/f x'GYof] b'O{ hgfsf aLrdf x'GYof]
. Ps–csf{sf] k|]ddf /dfO/x]sf oL b'j} hgfn] b'lgofFnfO{ cfkm\gf]
k|]dsf] Ohxf/ u/fpg cfjZos 7fg]gg\ . To;}n] xf]nf pgLx¿aLrsf] k|]d
dg} dgdf x'ls{g k'Uof] .

cleif]snfO{ cfkm" ;fx|} efUodfgL ePsf] efg x'g yfNof] .

p;nfO{ pd]zsf] sxfgL yfxf 5 . klxnf] lbgd} :d[ltn] pd]znfO{ DjfO
vfPsf] s'/f t emg} dgdf u8]sf] 5 . pgLx¿sf] ;kmn k|]d s;/L cufl8
a9\of] eGg] s'/fsf] p;nfO{ /fd|f] hfgsf/L 5 . olt x'Fbfx'Fb} klg
cleif]sn] cfkm\gf] k|]d ;DaGwsf] af/]df g t pd]z–:d[ltnfO{ eg]sf] 5, g
t l/lbdfnfO{ g} .
p;n] ;a} s'/f dgdf ufF7f] kf/]/ /fv] klg haha pd]z;Fu p;sf] s'/f
x'G5, cleif]s pd]zsf] k|]d ;DaGwsf af/]df g;f]wL /xFb}g . pd]z /
:d[ltsf] k|]d ;DaGwnfO{ p;n] l/k|m]G;sf ¿kdf lng yfn]sf] 5 . t/ slxNo}
klg pgLx¿k|lt O{iof{n' ePg . a? ;w}+ pd]z / :d[ltsf] k|]dsf] ;kmntfsf]
sfdgf u¥of] . p;nfO{ yfxf 5, ;+;f/sf () k|ltzt k|]d ug]{ hf]8Lx¿ c;kmn
x'g] u5{g\ . km];a's l6\j6/ pgLx¿sf j]bgf kf]Vg] dfWod ag]sf 5g\ . t/
p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] k|]ddf k"0f{ ljZjf; 5 . pm cfkm"nfO{ () k|ltztdf
geO{, ;kmn x'g] !) k|ltztdf /fVb5 .

sn]hdf ljj]s p;sf] cln ldNg] ;fyL xf] . pm Psbd} ukmf8L 5 .

ljj]sn] ug]{ / eGg] s'/f ;fdfGo JolStsf nflu ljZjf; ug}{ ufx|f] x'G5 .
Snf;df klg pm s]6L lh:sfpg] dg;fon] a:5 . 3/df slt k9\5 Tof] t
s;}nfO{ yfxf 5}g t/ P;Pn;Ldf p;n] *& k|ltzt c+s NofPsf] 5 . ;'?;'?df t
ljj]ssf s'/f cleif]snfO{ klg ljZjf; nfu]g . t/ p;sf] ;xof]uL afgLn] ubf{ /
cfTdLo Jojxf/n] ubf{ cleif]s k|foM ljj]s;Fu Pp6} a]Grdf a:g yfNof] .
Ps lbg cleif]sn] cfkm\gf] ;DaGwsf] af/]df ljj]snfO{ atfof] . p;n]
gfd eg]g t/ cfk"m nedf k/]sf] / s]6Ln] klg cfkm"nfO{ c;fWo} k|]d
ug]{ s'/f ljj]snfO{ eGof] . Tolt dfq x}g, cFufnf] xfn]sf] s'/f;d]t
p;n] ;'gfof] .

o:tf] s'/f ljj]snfO{ elg/xFbf cleif]sn] cfk"m axfb'/ ePsf] /

k|]ddf ;kmn /x]sf] dx;'; u¥of] . oL ;a} s'/f ljj]ssf nflu gofF lyPgg\
To;}n] ljj]sn] ;f]Wof], æc¿ s]–s] ul/;\ lg <Æ
cleif]s 6\jfNn k¥of] . p;n] dgdg} ;f]Rof]– c¿ s] u5{g\ / <
;a}eGbf 7"nf] s'/f k|]d / ljZjf; xf], h'g xfdL Ps–csf{nfO{ u5f}{+ .
æs] 6\jfNn k/]sf] < ToxL xf] ltd|f] ne :6f]/L <Æ ljj]sn] km]l/
;f]Wof] .
cleif]s em;ª\u eof], æc¿ s] ug]{ xf] / < t}+n] s] eGg vf]h]sf]
<Æ
æls;–l;;, ;]S; ul/;\ ls gfOF <Æ ljj]sn] xfF:b} eGof] .
ljj]ssf] s'/f ;'g]/ cleif]s lhNn k¥of] . æcxF, 5\of Û s:tf] s'/f u/]sf]
<Æ p;n] emls{+b} hjfkm lbof] .
æx]/ a|f], tFnfO{ yfxf g} 5}g ne eGg] s'/f .Æ ljj]s
cfkm"nfO{ kl/kSj 7fGb} eGg yfNof], æcfhef]lnsf] ne eg]s} o:t} xf] .
of] ;a gu/];Dd s]6L cfkm\gf] x'Fb}g . s'g lbg 5f8]/ hfG5 clg yfxf
kfpF5;\ .Æ cleif]snfO{ p;sf] s'/f aflxoft nfUof] t/ klg pm s]xL af]n]g .
ljj]s PSn} af]ln/Xof] . æolb un{k|m]G8nfO{ cfkm\gf] agfpg rfxG5;\
eg] ;]S; ug{ h?/L 5 . ls; t cr]n ;fdfGo eO;Sof] a'lem;\ < a]n'sf uNnL–
uNnLdf s]6fs]6Lx¿ ls; ub}{ lxF8\5g\ .Æ
ljj]ssf s'/f ;'Gbf o; ljifodf pm lgs} cg'ejLh:tf] nfUof] .
cleif]snfO{ ljj]ssf] s'/fn] leqleq} l/; klg p7\of] t/ klg p;n] aflemg plrt
7fg]g a? s]xL gaf]nL df}g /Xof] .
af6f]el/ ljj]sn] eg]sf s'/f dgdf v]nfpFb} cleif]s ?d cfOk'Uof] . of]
pd]/df o:tf s'/fk|lt sf}t'xntf hfUg' :jfefljs} xf] . To:tf] OR5f rfxgf x'g'
s'g} gf}nf] s'/f klg xf]Og . t/ pm :jl:tdfnfO{ ;fFrf] k|]d u5{ .
p;nfO{ yfxf 5, of] pd]/d} zf/Ll/s ;DaGw /fVg' unt xf] / pm :jl:tdf;Fu
o:tf] uNtL ug{ rfxGg . o:tf s'/f s;/L :jl:tdf;Fu ug]{ < nfh nfUg] s'/f .
p;n] dgdg} cfkm"nfO{ ;Demfof] . ljj]ssf s'/fn] cleif]snfO{ c;xh
agfof] . p;nfO{ /x/ gePsf] klg xf]Og . a;\ Û pm olt rfxG5 . ls, ;DaGw
glalu|of];\ .

kl5Nnf] lbg cleif]s sn]h hfg] tof/L ul//x]sf] a]nf :jl:tdfn]

9f]sfaf6} afO{ egL / lgl:sO{ . cleif]snfO{ v} s] nfUof], p;n]
:jl:tdfnfO{ af]nfof] . rf]/ cf}+nfn] Ozf/f ub}{ p;n] cfkm\gf] ufnfdf
DjfO vfg eGof] . Ps l5g t :jl:tdf 6\jfNn k/L . cfkm\gf] emf]nf sfFwdf
/fd|f];Fu ldnfO{ / p;sf] glhs uO{ . cleif]snfO{ sf}t'xntf / c;xhtf b'j}
dx;'; eof] . p;sf] rf]/ cf}+nf cem} ufnfd} lyof] . :jl:tdfn] p;sf] xft
x6fpFb} cleif]ssf] ufnfdf DjfOF vfO{ / km6fkm6 ToxfFaf6 lgl:sO{ .
cleif]s ufnfdf xft /fv]/ dVv kb}{ ToxLF ple/Xof] . p;n] a]Un} cfgGbsf]
dx;'; u¥of] .

)))

lxhf]cfh dfof–k|]dsf uLt;ª\uLt a9L ;'G5 cleif]s . sn]h hfFbf xf];\

of kmls{+bf k|foM pm uLt u'gu'gfO/xG5 . p;n] ;'Gg] x/]s uLtdf
cfkm\gf] k|]dsxfgL kfpg yfn]sf] 5 . p;nfO{ o:tf] nfUg yfNof], dfgf}
+ ;'g]sf ;a} uLtx¿ cfkm\g} nflu n]lvPsf x'g\ . cr]n p;nfO{ w]/}h;f]
uLtsf zAbx¿ klg s07:y 5g\ .
lbgx¿ laTb} lyP . sn]h hfg'cl3 cr]n :jl:tdf cleif]snfO{ PskN6
r'Dag u5]{ . ToxL r'Dag;Fu} b'j}sf] lbgsf] /dfOnf] ;'?jft x'G5 . k|]ddf
r'n'{Dd 8'a]sf] cleif]s v';L b]lvG5 . ljj]s;Fusf] p;sf] bf]:tL klg lgs}
uf9f x'Fb} lyof] . sn]h p;nfO{ /dfOnf] nfUg yfNof] ca . cfkm\gf x/]s
s'/f pm ljj]snfO{ ;]o/ u5{ . vf;u/L cfkm\gf] ne :6f]/L] .
Snf; ;lsPkl5 cleif]snfO{ ?ddf cfpg xtf/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . ljj]sn]
k;naf6 ;'tL{sf] Kofs]6 lsGof] / r'6\sL e/L b'O{ cf}+nfdf lnP/ cf]7df
RofKof] .
ævfG5;\ <Æ ljj]sn] cleif]snfO{ lbFb} ;fO8df lkRr y'Sof] .
cleif]sn] 6fpsf] xNnfP/ gvfg] eGof] . ljj]s h}n] klg lglikmqmL
b]lvG5 . o:tf] nfU5, p;nfO{ s'g} s'/fsf] k/jfx 5}g / s'g} s'/fn] k|efj klg
kfb}{g . sn]hdf klg pm b'O{–b'O{j6f kmf]g af]s]/ cfpF5 . s}n] u]d t
s}n] Rof6df k|foM Jo:t /xG5 . un{k|m]G8 klg b'O{j6f 5g\ eG5 .
p;nfO{ g 3/ kmls{g xtf/ x'G5, g t sn]h cfpg g} .

kmf]gdf v} s] Dof;]h 6fOk ub}{ p;n] cleif]snfO{ ;f]Wof], æs]–

s] x'Fb}5 ltd|f] af]l/Ë ne:6f]/Ldf <Æ cfkm"nfO{ ufnfdf r'Dag u/]sf]
s'/f cleif]snfO{ eGg xtf/ eO;s]sf] lyof] . glhs} uP/ eGof], æls; u/L
dnfO{ .Æ
æjfx Û k|ult x'Fb}5 .Æ ljj]sn] 7"nf] :j/df eGof] .
cleif]sn] d':s'/fpFb} eGof], æ;w}+ :s'n hfFbf ufnfdf .Æ
æs] /] < y'OSs Û gfdb{ .Æ ljj]s s/fof] . k;ndf a:g] lbbLn] ;d]t
p;nfO{ kms]{/ x]/L . æufnfdf kf] xf] <Æ
b'j}hgf k;naf6 af6f]lt/ lgl:sP . ljj]s cleif]snfO{ ;Demfpg yfNof],
æx]/ Û efO, o:tf] tfnn] t}+n] b'Mv dfq kfpF5;\ . s]xL u/ g of/ ÛÆ
cleif]sn] kfgLsf] af]tn p;nfO{ lbFb} ;f]Wof], æs] ug]{ < ufx|f]
x'Fb}g <Æ
 ljj]sn] kfgL d'vel/ xfNof] . s'Nnf ub}{ d'v ;kmf u¥of] / km]l/
eGg yfNof], æx]/ Û of] s]6Lsf] hft g} o:t} xf] . w]/} k|]d ug{ yfln;\
eg] 5f8]/ hfG5g\ . To;}n] ul/xfNg'k5{ . ltgLx¿sf] g t d'6' x'G5, g t
dfOG8 . h:6\ 8' O6\ Dofg .Æ
ljj]ssf] s'/f ;'g]/ cleif]snfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] . s]6LnfO{ x]g]
{ p;sf] b[li6sf]0f cleif]snfO{ k6Ss} dg k/]g . d'6' / dfOG8 t ltd|f] 5}g
eg]/ eGg dg nflu/x]sf] lyof] cleif]snfO{ t/ klg p;n] cfkm"nfO{
;DxfNof] . ljj]sn] dlxnfsf af/]df g/fd|f s'/f ub}{ lyof] .
aLr}df cleif]s af]Nof], ætFnfO{ s]6Lx¿k|lt ;Ddfg ug'{k5{ eGg]
s'/f yfxf 5}g < lsg o:tf] grflxFbf] s'/f ul//f5;\ tF <Æ ljj]sn] xfF:b}
eGof], æ;Ddfg Û s]6LnfO{ < xf==xf=== . tF s]6LnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{
hf, Ps lbg tFnfO{ b]jbf; agfP/ 5f]8\5] . a'lem;\ s]6f <Æ
ljj]s hfg] uf8L cfOk'Uof] . cleif]sn] afO{ eGof] . hfg] a]nfdf
ljj]sn] km]l/ eGof], æTof] sfd r}+ u/\ x} .Æ

;fFemkv xf]:6]nsf] s'gfdf /flvPsf] a]Grdf al;/x]sL :jl:tdfnfO{ p;n]

b]Vof] . :jl:tdf;Fu} l5l/ª nf]srGb klg lyof] . l5l/ª ToxL :s'ndf sIff !) df
k9\5 . h;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ lutf/ l;sfpFb} lyof] . Tof] b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ cln
g/dfOnf] nfUof] . :jl:tdfnfO{ lutf/ dg k5{ eGg] s'/f p;nfO{ yfxf lyPg .
g t :jl:tdfn] p;nfO{ slxNo} eg]sL lyO{ . ?ddf cfPkl5 p;n]
:jl:tdfnfO{ lutf/ pkxf/ lbg] ljrf/ u¥of] . t/ pm;Fu Tolt k};f eg] 5}g .
p;nfO{ h;/L eP klg :jl:tdfnfO{ lutf/ lbg kfP x'GYof] h:tf] nfUg yfNof] .
p;n] ;fOsn a]Rg] / To;}af6 cfPsf] k};fn] lutf/ lslglbg] ljrf/ u¥of] .
ef]lnkN6 pm ;fOsn lnP/ lgl:sof] . ToxL k;ndf, hxfFaf6 p;n] Tof] ;fOsn
@ dlxgfcufl8 afx| xhf/df lsg]sf] lyof] . ;fOsn k;n]n] pSt ;fOsn
ca ;]s]G8 XofG8 eO;s]sf]n] hDdf % xhf/ dfq lbg] s'/f u¥of] . hlt g}
afu]{lgª u/] klg cGttM cleif]sn] % xhf/df pSt ;fOsn a]Rof] / k};f lnP/
lutf/ k;ndf uof] .
leQfdf ;hfP/ /fv]sf 7"nf–;fgf ;a} lutf/nfO{ ;/;tL{ x]l/;s]kl5 dg
k/]sf] Pp6f lutf/nfO{ cf}+nfn] b]vfpFb} p;n] d"No ;f]Wof] .
 æ* xhf/ kfFr ;o .Æ k;nn] eGof] .
æbfO, % xhf/;Ddsf] lutf/ b]vfpg' g . Tof] t dx+uf] eof] .Æ
k;n]n] rf/j6f lutf/ lems]/ glhs}sf] 6]a'ndf /fVof] . rf/}
lutf/nfO{ cleif]sn] xftdf lnP/ /fd|f];Fu x]¥of] . lutf/sf] af/]df
cleif]snfO{ vf;} hfgsf/L 5}g . t/ klg pm w]/} s'/f hfg]em}+ u/L
lutf/nfO{ x]g{ yfNof] . tL rf/dWo] p;n] Pp6f lutf/ 5fGg} kg]{ eof] .
To;}n] cln /fd|f] nfu]sf] lutf/ xftdf lnP/ d"No ;f]Wof] . k;n]n] % xhf/
kfFr ;o ¿k}ofF eGof] . cem} pm;Fu ePsf] k};fn] gk'Ug] ePkl5 p;n]
s]xL l8:sfpG6 ug{ cfu|x u¥of] . cGttM p;n] % xhf/ @ ;odf pSt lutf/
vl/b u/L ?d kmls{of] . To;} ;fFem p;n] lutf/ :jl:tdfnfO{ lbof] .
æjfp Û lutf/ . tkfO{+nfO{ s;/L yfxf eof] dnfO{ lutf/
dgk5{ eGg] s'/f <Æ
æyf e}xfN5 lg . d}n] b]sf] eg]/ a}gLnfO{ geg n .Æ
:jl:tdf c;fWo} v';L eO{ . p;n] 6fpsf] xNnfO{ / lutf/ lnP/ cfkm\gf]
?ddf uO{ .
alxgLn] cfkm\gf] / :jl:tdfsf] ;DaGwnfO{ lnP/ zª\sf ug{ yfn]sf]
s'/f cleif]sn] rfn kfO;s]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ ToxL s'/fsf] 8/ 5 . st}
alxgLsf] zª\sf alxgLs} ;fd' jf:tljstf ag]/ cfof] eg] < To;}n] pm a9L
;t{stf ckgfpg yfn]sf] 5 cr]n .

)))

b'O{–rf/ lbgsf nflu 3/ uPsf] pd]z afafnfO{ ;~rf] gePsf]n] nueu

@) lbgkl5 sf7df8f}+ kmls{+b} lyof] . ef]ln :d[ltsf] hGdlbg ePsf]n]
klg pm sf7df8f}+ cfpg nfu]sf] xf] . sf7df8f}+b]lv 6f9f eP klg
pgLx¿sf] kmf]gdf af/Daf/ s'/f eO/xGYof] / ef]ln ;fFufdf e]6 ug]{ eg]/
b'j}n] cl3Nnf] lbg g} of]hgf agfO;s]sf lyP .
hGdlbgsf] ;'?jftd} z'esfdgf lbg'sf] a]Un} dxTTj x'G5 . To;}n] t
cfkm\gf] ljz]if dfG5]nfO{ z'e]Iff lbg dfG5]x¿ /ftsf] !@ ah];Dd hfu|fd
a:g] u5{g\ . of] sfd pd]zn] uP/flt g} ul/;s]sf] lyof] . pm lbpF;f] !
ah]lt/ ;fFuf k'Uof] . gLnf] l6–;6{, sfnf] kfOG6 / ;fydf v}/f] /Ësf] n]l8h
Aofu lnP/ :d[lt kmnfd]a]Grdf pd]znfO{ klv{/x]sL lyO{ . pd]zn]
6f9}af6 b]Vof] . pm ;/f;/ :d[ltsf] glhs uof] . :d[lt
pd]znfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} h'?Ss p7L . pd]zn] cFufnf] xfn]/ eGof],
æXofkL ay{ 8] l8o/ ÛÆ
p;n] emf]nfaf6 XjfO6 sn/sf]] l6–;6{ lgsfNof] /
:d[ltnfO{ lbof] . :d[ltn] vf]n]/ x]/L . cufl8sf] efudf n]lvPsf] lyof]–
cfO{ ne o"" . :d[ltn] k|foM pd]znfO{ …o'Ú eg]/ g} af]nfpg] uyL{,
h'g pd]zsf] gfdsf] klxnf] cIf/ lyof] .

:d[ltnfO{ l6;6{ ;fx|} dg k¥of] . hf]8n] lrRofpFb} egL, æcf] dfO

u8 Û cfO{ h:6 ne O6 ÛÆ p;n] pd]znfO{ cFufnf] xfnL . glhs}sf dfG5]
cfZrfo{ dfGb} x]g{ yfn] .
pd]zn] :d[ltsf] xft sfFwaf6 x6fpFb} eGof], ænufP/ t x]/ ÛÆ
:d[ltn] l6;6{ nufO{ . ;fOh cln 7"nf] eP5 . p;n]
pd]znfO{ b]vfpFb} egL, æcln 7"nf] eof] x} <Æ
æ5}g .Æ pd]zn] eGof], æo' n's Ao'l6km'n . o' gf] < un{;\ n's
So'6 cg cf]e/;fOH8 l6;6{ .Æ
æl/oNnL <Æ pT;'stfsf ;fy :d[ltn] ;f]wL . pd]zn] 6fpsf] xNnfpFb}
eGof], æP; .Æ
æcfO{ gf] Û cfO{ Pd Ao'6Lkm"n PG8 So'6 .Æ :d[ltn]
km"lt{ nfpFb} egL . b'j}hgf kmf]6f] lvRg @–$ l;F9L dfly
r9] . ;]NkmL lng] qmddf :d[lt lrlKnP/ n8\g} cfF6]sL lyO{ . pd]zn]
kfv'/f ;dfTof] / n8\gaf6 hf]ufof] . :d[lt 8/n] sfFKg yfnL . pm ToxLFsf]
v'l8\snfdf a;L . Ps l5g nfdf] ;f; lnFb} pd]znfO{ egL, æYofª\s o' .Æ
pd]z klg ;Fu}sf] v'l8\snfdf a:of] / afofF xftn] cFufNb} eGof],
æ8f]G6\ j/L a]aL . cfO{ ljn g]e/ n]6 o' 8fpg .Æ
:d[ltn] pd]zsf cfFvfdf kms]{/ x]/L . tL lgbf]{if cfFvf ;fFrf]
af]ln/x]sf lyP . gh/ x6fpFb} p;n] ;f]wL, æltdL dnfO{ olt w]/} k|]d
u5f}{ <Æ
 æxF <Æ pd]z :d[ltsf] k|Zgn] eml:sof] / eGof], æslt k|]d
u5'{ Tof] t eGg ;lSbgF . t/ cfkm"eGbf w]/} d ltdLnfO{ k|]d u5'{ .Æ
Ps l5gsf] df}gtfkl5 p;n] km]l/ egL, æo' gf] Û ltdLnfO{ yfxf 5 lg
. 6' dr\ PlglyË Oh\ Aof8 .Æ
pd]zn] lhls/ ub}{ eGof], æa6\ g6 ne . o' gf], /fO6 <Æ
:d[lt d':s'/fpFb} p7L / egL, æxd\d\, ljOË :df6{ xF <Æ
b'j}hgf l;F9L r9\b} cUnf] lzjhLsf] d"lt{;fd' k'Uf] . æk|f]ld; ld,
b\of6 Û o' ljn g]e/ lne dL .Æ :d[ltn] pd]zsf] sfFwdf b'a}xft /fVb} egL
. pd]z cndndf k¥of] . Ps l5g t p;nfO{ yfxf g} ePg :d[lt s] elg/x]sL 5
eg]/ . pd]zn] ;xif{ k|f]ld; u¥of] .
pgLx¿ ;fFufaf6 a; r9\bf lbpF;f]sf] # alh;s]sf] lyof] . kms]{/
7d]nsf] af6f]df lxFl8/xFbf :d[ltn] egL, æcfO{ cN;f] Xofe ;dlyª km/ o'
.Æ p;n] xft tfGb} pd]znfO{ 6of6' xfp;df nuL .
cfkm\gf] gfdsf] klxnf] cIf/ æP;Æ sf] 6\of6' agfpg cfu|x u/L .
ay{8] un{n] eg]sf] s'/f s;/L gfOF eGg' pd]zn] . To;df klg cfkm}+n]
k|]d u/]sf] dfG5] kf] t Û afofF xftsf] gf8Ldf p;n] :d[ltsf] km:6 n]6/ …
P;Ú sf] 6\of6' agfof] . ;fx|} kL8f ePsf] lyof] p;nfO{ . t/ k|]dsf] cufl8
kL8f ;xg afWo eof] . k|]ddf tfst x'G5 eGy], ;fob To;}n] xf]nf . 5'l§g]
a]nfdf km]l/ PskN6 pd]zn] XofKkL ay{8] eGof] . :d[ltn] cfkm\gf
b'O{ cf}+nf pd]zsf] cf]7df /fvL / egL, æcfO{ ne o' .Æ
Ps l5gkl5 tL cf}+nf cfkm+}n] r'dL / afO{ egL . pd]z Psf]xf]/f]
x]l//Xof] . k/ k'u]/ km]l/ :d[ltn] xft xNnfpFb} afO{ egL, pd]z d';'Ss
xfF:of] / cfkm\gf] af6f] nfUof] .

)))

;do laTb} uof] . cleif]s cfkm\gf] k|]ddf /dfO/x]sf] lyof] . elgG5,

k|]ddf k/]kl5 k|foM ;a} s'/f ;'Gb/ nfU5g\ . t/ cleif]snfO{ a]Un} cg'e"lt
eO/x]sf] 5 . p;nfO{ :jl:tdf hlt ;'Gb/ c¿ s]xL nfu]g . jiff{tsf] df};d,
zlgaf/sf] lbg lyof] . lbgel/ em/L kl//Xof] . ;fFemkv dfq} kfgL yfldof] .
cleif]s lbgel/ sf]7fsf] u'D;fx6n] yfls;s]sf] lyof] . pm k|m]; x'g 5tdf
uof] . cfsfzdf afbn cem} d8fl/Fb} lyof] . ;':t/L rn]sf] lr;f] atf;n]
kftx¿ xlNnbf cfFksf ?vaf6 cem} kfgL tlKs/x]sf] lyof] . Ps} l5g eP klg
p;n] cfgGb dx;'; u¥of] . lbgel/sf] em/Ln] ubf{ p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;d]t
b]Vg kfPsf] 5}g . p;n] dgdg} df};dnfO{ ;/fKof] .
k'/fgf ofbx¿ k|foM dL7f x'g] u5{g\ . slxn]sfxLF t jt{dfgsf]
b'Mv;d]t e'Ng k'/fgf ofbn] ;3fpF5g\ . cleif]s klg :jl:tdfl;tsf knx¿
;Dem]/ leqleq} /dfO/x]sf] lyof] . pm PSn} lyof], t}klg p;sf] d'xf/df
d':sfg b]Vg ;lsGYof] .
æPSn} x'g'x'G5 <Æ k5fl8af6 cfjfh cfof] .
pm eml:sof] . kms]{/ x]¥of] . c¿ lbgeGbf cem ;'Gb/ nfUof]
p;nfO{ cfh :jl:tdf . p;sf] km's]sf] skfn 5ftL;Dd nq]sf] lyof] . klx/gn]
z/L/ 5f]lkP klg p;sf] hjfgL eg] k|i6} blz{Psf] lyof] . cleif]sn]
d':s'/fpFb} eGof], æP Û cF, olQs} k|m]; x'g cfsf] .Æ
:jl:tdfn] cufl8 cfPsf skfn k5fl8 ;fb}{ egL, æ5\of, of] kfgL klg ⁄
dnfO{ t lbSs nflu;Sof] . ahf/lt/ hfg' lyof] cfh n'uf lsGg .Æ
æs] lsGg' 5 ltdLnfO{ <Æ cleif]sn] s'/f ug]{ d];f] vf]Hb}
;f]Wof] . emdSs} /ft kg]{ a]nf ePsf] 5}g t/ klg cfsfznfO{ afbnn]
5f]k]sfn] lem;ld;] cFWof/f] eO;s]sf] lyof] .
æs]xL x}g . ;fgf]ltgf] n'uf .Æ cln lxlRsrfpFb} p;n] egL .
cleif]snfO{ pm;Fu s'g} klg ljifodf s'/f ug'{ lyof] . pm :jl:tdfsf]
glhs uof] / eGof], æeg g s]–s] lsGg' 5 <Æ
:jl:tdfnfO{ cleif]sn] rf;f] b]vfPsf]df crDd nfUof] . p;n] egL,
æn]l8h :6km xf] . lsg rflxof] tkfO{+nfO{ <Æ p;n] cleif]snfO{ k5fl8
ws]Ng vf]hL . t/ cleif]sn] pN6} :jl:tdfsf] xft ;dfTof] / cfkm"lt/ tfGof] .
Ps l5g cleif]ssf] cfFvfdf x]/]/ :jl:tdfn] gh/ em'sfO{ . ufnf;Dd cfPsf]
skfnnfO{ afofF xftn] sfg k5fl8 k'¥ofO{ .
:jl:tdfsf] w8\sg a9\of] . p;n] lrpF8f]df xft /fv]/ :jl:tdfsf] ;'Gb/
d'xf/ cfkm\gf] glhs} Nofof] . :jl:tdfn] gh/ h'wfpg g;s]/ xf] jf nfhn],
cfFvf aGb u/L . pm la:tf/} em'Sof] . cfkm\gf sfFlk/x]sf cf]7 :jl:tdfsf
sf]dn cf]7dfly /fVof] / r'Dg yfNof] . b'j}hgf Ps l5g hjfgLsf] dftdf x/fP .
:jl:tdfn] p;sf] d'vleq lha|f] xfnL . cleif]snfO{ Tof] lha|f]sf] :jfb
a]Un} / dL7f] nfUof] .
r'Dagsf] :juL{o cfgGb lnO/x]s} a]nf cleif]ssf] df]afOnsf] 306L
aHof] . b'j}hgf cnu eP . p;n] ks]6af6 kmf]g lemSof] . pd]zsf] sn /x]5
. :jl:tdf skfn ldnfpg yfnL . b'j}sf] w8\sgsf] ult a9]sf] lyof] . cleif]s
df]afOnsf] l:qmgdf x]l//Xof] . Ps l5gd} l:qmgdf jfg ld:8sn n]lvP/
cfof] . pm :jl:tdf;Fu af]Ng} cfF6]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdf ToxfFaf6 lxF8L .
dgdg} cleif]sn] pd]znfO{ ufnL u¥of] . p;sf] w8\sgsf] a]u cem}
l:y/ ePsf] lyPg . cfkm" s] ub}{5' eGg] s'/f p;nfO{ 1ft g} ePg . :jl:tdf
st} l/;fO{ kf] xfnL ls eGg] p;nfO{ lrGtf eof] . To;}n] pm klg l;F9L
cf]ln{of] .

)))

pd]/;Fu} l/lbdfsf] hjfgLdf klg /ª\ux¿ Efl/Fb} lyP . ;fx|} ;'Gb/

b]lvg] l/lbdf k9fOdf klg cAan 5fqf xf] . To;}n] t w]/}n] p;nfO{ …
Ao'6L ljy a|]gÚ eGg] u5{g\ . p;n] ug]{ Jojxf/ klg k|foM ;a} lzIfs–
lzlIfsfnfO{ dg k5{ . p;nfO{ dg gk/fpg] ToxfF @–$ hgf s]6Lx¿ dfq}
lyP . ;fob pgLx¿ O{iof{ uy]{ . slxn]sfxLF t pgLx¿ cfkm" klg sd
5}gf}+ eg]/ b]vfpg vf]Hy] . t/ pgLx¿sf] o:tf] Jojxf/ ;a}n] a'lem;s]sf
lyP .
l/lbdf eljiodf 8fS6/ aGg rfxG5] . p;sf] nugzLntf / d]x]g]tn] kSs}
pm Ps lbg cfkm\gf] nIodf k'Ug]5 . ;'Gb/ x'g' kfk x}g . g t of] dfgjLo
uNtL g} xf] . t/ xfd|f] ;dfhdf gf/Lx¿n] w]/} ;d:of em]Ng] u/]sf
5g\ . ;'Gb/ km"ndf ed/f em'Ng' :jfefljs xf] eGg] ul/G5 . t/ ltg}
kmf]xf]/L ed/fn] ;dfhsf] ;'Gb/tf gi6 ul//x]sf k|lt s;}n] ljrf/ k'¥ofPsf
5}gg\ . h;n] ubf{ dlxnf lx+;fsf y/Ly/L ¿kx¿ ;dfhdf lbgx'F b]Vg kfOG5
.
 ;a} ;'Gb/ gf/Lx¿sf] AjfOk|m]G8g} x'G5 eGg] 5}g . tLdWo] w]/}
k|ltefjfg\ x'G5g\ . pgLx¿df sfdk|ltsf] nug klg x'G5 / hLjgsf] lglZrt
p2]Zo klg . h;sf] HjnGt pbfx/0f lyO{– l/lbdf .

l/lbdfnfO{ klg k|]d k|:tfj gcfPsf xf]Ogg\ . w]/}n] t cfF6 g}

u/]gg\ . sltn] p;sf] ;flngtfnfO{ ;Ddfg uy]{ . sltnfO{ eg] p;sf] kSs}klg
AjfOk|m]G8 xf]nf eGg] nfUYof] . s;}s;}n] c:jfefljs 9ª\un] lh:sfP/ sn]h
k|zf;g;Dd tdf;f klg b]vfP . t/ klg l/lbdfnfO{ o:tf s'/fn] vf;} c;/ u/]g .
pm cfkm\gf] p2]Zodf k"0f{ ¿kn] ;dlk{t lyO{ . p;nfO{ w]/}sf] ;fy klg
lyof] . sltko k|f]kf]h ug]{ s]6fx¿ kl5 uP/ p;sf ;fyL eP eg] sltn] t cfkm"
nfos g} ;Dem]gg\ .

Ps lbgsf] s'/f xf] . Snf; ;lsPkl5 l/lbdf / p;sf] Snf;d]6 ;GWof

kmls{+b} lyP . ;GWofnfO{ l/lbdfsf] AjfOk|m]G8 eP–gePsf] af/] hfGg
dg nfUof] . klxn] t o:tf] s'/f ;f]Wg} dg nfu]g, lsgls l/lbdf hlxn] klg
k9fOsf] dfq s'/f uyL{ . t/ ;GWofnfO{ o;af/] hfGg] tLj| pT;'stf lyof] .
p;n] cK7\of/f] dfGb} ;f]wL, æl/ Û Pp6f s'/f ;f]W5' n Û dfOG8 gu/ .Æ
l/lbdfn] xftsf] lstfa emf]nfdf /fVb} egL, æ;f]w g .Æ
æAjfOk|m]G8 r}+ lsg 5}g of/ t]/f] <Æ
l/lbdfsf] xftaf6 lstfa e'OFdf v:of] . ;GWofnfO{ l/;fPh:t} u/L p;n]
x]/L / lstfa p7fO{ . b'j}hgf Ps l5g r'k nfu] . cln k/ k'u]kl5 l/lbdfn] g/d
x'Fb} egL, æd]/f] AjfOk|m]G85}g eGg] s'/f tFnfO{ yfxf 5 t . t/ o;sf]
dtna lkmlnË;\g} 5}g eGg] xf]Og . d]/f] dgdf klg s;}sf nflu lkmlnË;\
5 .Æ
l/lbdfnfO{ l;l/o; b]v]/ 7§f ub}{ ;GWofn] egL, æs;sf nflu < Tof]
xfd|f] Snf;sf] s}nfzsf nflu xf] <Æ
b'j}hgf Ps–csf{nfO{ x]/]/ xfF:g yfn] . æTof] df]6] ÛÆ l/lbdfn]
ykL, æx]/ Û of] k9\g] a]nf xf] . clxn] g} k|]dsf] rSs/df nfUof] eg]
kfun eOG5 . To;}n] 5f]8\ o:tf s'/f .Æ
 ;GWofsf] sf}t'xntf a9\b} uof] . p;n] km]l/ ;f]wL, æsf] xf] Tof]
lx/f] < eg\ g dnfO{ klg, h;sf nflu t]/f] dgdf lkmlnª\U;\ 5 . clg t}+n]
cfkm\gf] lkmlnË;\ p;nfO{ elg;\ t <Æ
æ5}g . ;do cfPkl5 ;a} eG5' . p;nfO{ klg eG5' / tFnfO{ klg . t/
clxn] dnfO{ o:tf] s'/fdf ;do a/afb ug'{ 5}g .Æ
l/lbdfsf] s'/f Wofgn] ;'lg/x]sL ;GWofn] Ps l5g ;f]r]/ egL æ;do t
ab\ln/xG5 / ;do ;Fu;Fu} ;a} s'/f ablnG5g\ . dfG5] klg . kl5;Dd klg
Tof] lx/f]n] t]/f] lkmlnË;\nfO{ :jLsf/ unf{ t < pm c¿ s;}l;t O+u]h klg
t x'g ;S5 .Æ
l/lbdfnfO{ ;GWofsf] s'/f 7Ls} nfUof] . nfdf] ;f; km]b}{ eGg
yfnL, æxf], t]/f] s'/f klg 7Ls} xf] . oxfF w]/} s'/fx¿ kl/jt{gzLn 5g\ .
dfG5] klg . t/ dnfO{ cfkm"dfly ljZjf; 5 . cfkm\gf] lkmlnË;\dfly ljZjf;
5 / of] ljZjf; slxNo} ab\lng]jfnf 5}g . sf]xL dfG5] ab\lnG5 ls eGg]
8/n] d cfkm\gf] sl/o/ a/afb ug{ klg t ;lSbgF . / dnfO{ nfU5,
p;nfO{ d]/f] k|]dsf] cfef; eO;s]sf] 5 . æcfO{ Pd h:6\ j]l6Ë km/ /fO6
6fOd .Æ
oL ;a} s'/f ;'lg/x]sL ;GWof s]xL af]lng . l/lbdfsf s'/fn] ;GWofsf]
dg 5f]of] . of] b]vfl;sLsf] b'lgofFdf ;fFrf] dfG5] / ;fFrf] k|]d ;fFlRrs}
cd"No /x]5 h:tf] p;nfO{ dx;'; eof] .
xtf/df u/]sf sltko lg0f{on] km';{bdf k5'tfpg' a'l4dfgL xf]Og .
l/lbdf km]l/ eGg yfnL, æo'jf cj:yfdf xfdLaf6 uNtL x'g] ;Defjgf a9L
x'G5 . cfk"mnfO{ ;DxfNg ;Sg'k5{, gq cfkm}+af6 x/fpg klg a]/
nfUb}g . ;S5;\ eg] tF klg cfkm"nfO{ ;Dxfn / of] b'lift w'nf]df ljnLg g
xf] .Æ
;GWof d';'Ss xfF;L / egL, æef]ln cln l56f] cfOh n Û
dnfO{ lkmlhS; l;sfOlbg'k5{ .Æ l/lbdfn] xfF:b} egL, æn n afO ÛÆ
)))

z}lIfs x8\tfn ePsfn] b]zel/sf lzIf0f ;+:yfx¿ aGb lyP . /fhgLlts

cl:y/tf;Fu} b]zsf x/]s If]qdf c/fhstf a9]sf] lyof] . z}lIfs ;+:yf aGb ug]
{, g]kfn aGb ug]{ / oftoft 7Kk kfg]{h:tf sfo{ g]kfnLsf nflu ;fdfGo g}
e};s] . /fhgLlts bn x'g\ of c¿ s'g} ;d"x . ;a}sf] dgkl/ 5 b]zdf . sn]h g}
aGb ePkl5 cleif]snfO{ ?dd} a:g'sf] ljsNk lyPg . :jl:tdf;Fu e]6 x'g]
ck]Iff lnP/ pm ?ddf ;ª\uLt ;'Gb} a;]sf] lyof] . ToxL a]nf p;n] cfkm\g}
9f]sfcufl8 :jl:tdfnfO{ b]Vof] .
:jl:tdf st} 6f9f hfFb}5] eGg] s'/f p;sf] klx/gn] atfpFYof] .
æleq} cfpm g ÛÆ cleif]sn] cfu|x u¥of] . p;n] km]l/ ;f]Wof],
æsxfF hfFb}5f} <Æ
:jl:tdfn] d':s'/fpFb} hjfkm lbO{, æcfG6Lsf]df .Æ
æo' cf/ n'lsË Ao"6Lkm'n ÛÆ p;n] :jl:tdfsf] k|z+;f ub}{ eGof] .
æYofÍÍ o" Û clg tkfO{+ s] ug'{x'G5 lg cfh <Æ p;n] ;f]wL .
æglyË ÛÆ 5f]6f] hjfkm lbof] .
æPp6f s'/f ;f]W5' n ÛÆ
cleif]sn] x'G5 eGg gkfpFb} :jl:tdfn] egL, ætkfO{+ dw];L xf]
<Æ
pm rlst k¥of] . p;nfO{ s] eGg] yfxf g} ePg . Ps l5g r'k nfUof] .
dgdf stf–stf g/dfOnf] klg nfUof] . s] hjfkm lbg] < cfkm}+nfO{ k|Zg
u¥of] . t/ klg d'xf/df xNsf d':sfg NofP/ eGof], æcF xf] . lsg ;f]Wof}
ltdLn] o:tf] s'/f <Æ
:jl:tdfn] Ps l5g ;f]r]/ egL, æt/ tkfO{+n] af]Nbf To:tf] nfUb}g .Æ
cleif]s s]xL gaf]nL :jl:tdfnfO{ x]l//Xof] .
æd hfG5' clxn] .Æ :jl:tdf lgl:sg nfuL . cleif]s km]l/ klg s]xL
af]n]g . p;n] afO{ egL / lxF8L .
cleif]s :jl:tdfn] eg]sf s'/f dgdf v]nfO/x]sf] lyof] . df]afOnsf]
306L aHof], pd]zsf] kmf]g /x]5 . Ps l5g s'/f u¥of] / tof/ eP/ pm
/Tgkfs{lt/ nfUof] .
pd]zk|lt cleif]snfO{ l/; pl7/x]sf] lyof] . t/ klg pgLx¿ w]/} lbgkl5
Ps–csf{nfO{ e]6\b} lyP . pd]zn] cfkm\gf] afafnfO{ ;~rf] gePsf]n]
3/af6 l9nf] kms]{sf] s'/f ;'gfof] . h'g s'/fn] cleif]snfO{ efj's agfof] .
p;n] pd]zdfly l/; kf]Vg' Joy{ 7fGof] . To} klg pm cfkm\gf] ;DaGwsf
af/]df s]xL af]Ng rfxFb}g . pd]z;Fu :jl:tdfsf] s'/f ;]o/ u/f}+ eGg]
p;nfO{ w]/}k6s nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ pko'St ;do gldn]sfn] p;n] eGg ;s]g .
ca Tof] s'/f ug'{ p;n] ;fGble{s 7fg]g . To;}n] pm r'k /Xof] .
b'j}hgf ToxfFaf6 afuahf/sf] Pp6f vfhf k;ndf uP . cleif]sn]
b'O{j6f r'/f]6 / b'O{ Kn]6 dMd dufof] .
æefO, Pp6f r'/f]6 dfq x} ⁄Æ aLr}df pd]z af]Nof] .
ælsg < tF glkpg] <Æ cleif]sn] crDd dfGb} ;f]Wof] .
æd}n] r'/f]6 lkpg 5fl8;s]F of/ . gf] :df]lsË, gf] l8«ªlsË ÛÆ Tolt
eg]/ pd]z kfgL lkpg yfNof] . pd]zdf cfPsf] kl/jt{gk|lt
cleif]snfO{ ljZjf;} nfu]g . p;n] ;f]Wof], æslxn]b]lv of/ Û clg s;/L < 3/
uPkl5 t abln;\ t tF .Æ
pd]zn] cln csdlsFb} eGof], ædlxgflbghlt eof] of/ . 3/ uP/
ablnPsf] x}g . vf;df :d[ltn] ubf{ xf] . p;nfO{ dg kb}{g . To;}n] d}n]
slxNo} gvfg] lg0f{o u/]F .Æ
æu'8 Û l;u/]6 :df]lsË Oh OGh'l/o; 6' x]Ny .Æ cleif]sn] eGof] .
dMd 6]a'ndf cfOk'Uof] . æefO Û b'O{j6f lr;f] klg Nofpm x} ⁄Æ
cleif]sn] c8{/ yKof] .
k|]ddf ;fFlRrs} tfst x'G5 eGy] xf] /}5 . ;fyLefO, afa'cfdfn] hlt
g} r'/f]6–/S;L vfg 5f]8\ eGbf klg gdfGg]x¿ un{k|m]G8n] PskN6 dfq
cfb]z lbFbf OdfGbf/ aGb} ;xL af6f]df cfpg] /x]5g\ . cleif]s o:t} s'/f
dgdf v]nfpg yfNof] .
æcf]O{ vfg dMd .Æ pd]zsf] cfjfhn] p;nfO{ em:sfof] . s] 6\jfNn
k/]/ ;f]lrÚ/f < crDd} dflg;\ ls Sof xf], d}n] r'/f]6–/S;L 5f]8]F eg]/ ⁄
;S5;\ eg] tF klg 5f]8\b] ;fyL .Æ pd]zn] ;DemfpFb} eGof] .
æ;lsG5 / r'/f]6 5f]8\g <Æ cleif]s cem} kTofO/x]sf] lyPg .
cleif]s cfhef]ln cln w]/} g} r'/f]6 lkpF5 . t/ p;n] /S;L eg]
clxn];Dd vfPsf] 5}g . TolQs}df p;n] csf]{ r'/f]6 dufof] . Tof] b]v]/
pd]z xfF:g yfNof] / eGof], æo;/L 5f]l8Fb}g efO r'/f]6 lkpg . alnof]
OR5fzlSt rflxG5 . of] ;+;f/df g;lsg] s]xL klg 5}g .Æ
 pd]zsf] s'/f ;'g] klg g;'g]em}+ ub}{ cleif]sn] r'/f]6 ;Nsfof] /
tfGg yfNof] .

)))

hf8f]ofd ;lsP klg sf7df8f}+df ;fFem / laxfg cem} lr;f] lyof] .

sn]haf6 kmls{+bf slxn]sfxLF lem;ld;] cFWof/f] g} x'G5 . cleif]ssf]
cfwf af6f]sf] / Snf;df ;Fu} a:g] ;fyL ljj]sn] sn]h 5f8]sf] klg dlxgflbg
eO;Sof] . kfl/jfl/s ;d:of ePsfn] p;n] aLr}df sn]h 5f8\g' k¥of] . sn]h
dfq x}g pm sf7df8f}+ g} 5f]8]/ uof] . To;kl5 cleif]s k|foM PSn}
lxF8\5 .
sIffdf c¿ ;fyLx¿ gePsf xf]Ogg\ . t/ ;a};Fu dgsf s'/f ;fF6\g sxfF
;lsG5 / Û c¿ ;fyLx¿;Fu af]n] klg ljj]sl;tsf] h:tf] 3lgi7tf c¿;Fu ePg .
ljj]snfO{ p;n] w]/} s'/f eg]sf] lyof] . pm;Fu s'/f ;]o/ug{ kfpFbf
cleif]snfO{ cfgGb nfUYof] . t/ cfhef]ln p;n] w]/} s'/f dg}df bafP/
/fVg] u/]sf] 5 . slxn]sfxLF PSnf] x'Fbf pm ltg} s'/f ;Dem]/ sNkgfdf
x/fpF5 / PsfGtdf /dfpF5 .
kmf]gdf slxn]sfxLF ;fyLx¿ pd]z, :d[lt / l/lbdf;Fu s'/f u/] klg k|
foM pgLx¿ km];a'sdf Rof6 u5{g\ . pd]z;Fu k|foM e]6 eO/xG5
p;sf] . :d[lt;Fu x'g] k|foM ;a} s'/f pd]zn] e]6df cleif]snfO{ eGg]
u5{ . t/ cleif]snfO{ un{k|m]G8sf] af/]df ;f]Wbf p;n] ;w}+ lbg]
hjfkm xf], æ5}g .Æ
l/lbdf / :d[lt;Fu e]6 gePsf] nueu ^–& dlxgf e};Sof] .
km];a'ssf ;'Gb/ kmf]6fx¿df nfOs, sd]G6 / d];]Gh/df Rof6sf
dfWodaf6} pgLx¿ glhs 5g\ .
;fyLx¿ 5'§f5'§} sn]hdf tyf :yfgdf ePsfn] ldqtfdf b'/L al9/x]sf]
lyof] . slxn]sfxLFsf] e]6 / Rof6df /fd|} s'/f eP klg pgLx¿aLr ;fdLKotf
5}g . ;a} cfkm\g} cWoogdf Jo:t x'gfn] klg o:tf] ePsf] xf]nf .
 cleif]s klg a]Un} cg'e"ltsf ;fy hLjgdf /dfO/x]sf] 5 . hLjgdf :jl:tdf
cfPb]lv p;n] slxNo} PSnf] dx;'; u/]g . x/]s kl/l:yltdf b'j}hgf Ps–
csf{nfO{ ;fy lbGy] .
Ps lbg crfgs :jl:tdf xl:k6n hfG5' eGb} cfO{ . cleif]sn] lsg hfg
yfn]sf] eg]/ hfGg vf]Hof] . :jl:tdfn] s]xL hjfkm lbOg . æs] eof] / <Æ
p;n] km]l/ ;f]Wof] .
ækl5 eG5' .Æ Tolt eg]/ pm lg:sL .
;a} s'/f ;]o/ ug]{ p;n] cfh lsg o:tf] eg]sL < cleif]sn] a'‰g} ;s]g
. pm ;fFem;Dd dgdf s'/f v]nfP/ a:of] .
p;nfO{ jgsf] af3n] vfcf];\ gvfcf];\, dgsf] af3n] vfof] . dgdf
8/n] :ki6 cfsf/ lnFb} uof] . cfkm"n] To:tf] s]xL uNtL u/]h:tf]
p;nfO{ nfu]g . st} c~hfgdf s'g} uNtL t ePg < pm o:t} s'/f ;f]Rg
yfNof] . ;fFem cFWof/f] x'g nfUbf :jl:tdf xf]:6]n cfPsf] p;n] rfn kfof] .
vfgf vfg l;F9Laf6 emg]{ a]nfdf p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\of] . p;sf] d'xf/df
pbfl;gtfn] /fh u/]sf] :ki6 b]lvGYof] .
æs] ePsf] ltdLnfO{ <Æ cleif]sn] dw'/ :j/df ;f]Wof] .
:jl:tdfn] d'xf/df agfj6L d':sfg NofpFb} egL, æs]xL klg ePsf] 5}g
.Æ
cleif]sn] km]l/ ;f]Wof], æclg xl:k6n lsg uPsL t <Æ
:jl:tdfn] csdlsFb} egL, æP ⁄ Tof] cfG6Lsf] r]scksf nflu .Æ
cleif]snfO{ Tof] s'/fn] s]xL /fxt lbP klg stf–stf :jl:tdfn] s'/f
n'sfPh:tf] nfUof] . olb cfG6Lsf] r]scks} nflu xl:k6n uPsf] eP d'xf/
cf]OnfPsf] ;fuh:tf] lsg x'GYof] / < km]l/ csdlsP/ eGg'sf] s] cy{ <
p;nfO{ cem} ;f]Wg dg nfu]sf] lyof] t/ :jl:tdfsf] d'xf/n] atfO/x]sf]
lyof] ls pm yfs]sL 5] / w]/} s'/f ug]{ d'8df 5}g . To;}n] pm r'k nfUof]
. b'j}hgf lsr]gdf uP .
/flt ca]/;Dd klg p;nfO{ lgGb|f nfu]g . dgdf ToxL s'/f v]ln/Xof] .
dgdf Ps lsl;dsf] kL8f dx;'; eof] p;nfO{ . /ft w]/} lalt;s]sf] lyof] .
df]afOndf ;do x]¥of], ! ah]/ !) ldg]6 eO;s]sf] /x]5 . ef]ln ;a} s'/f
;f]W5' . p;n] dgdg} cfkm}+l;t eGof] . l;/fgLd'lgaf6 OP/kmf]g lems]/
sfgdf sf]Rof] clg df]afOnaf6 dfoflk/tLsf ;'dw'/ uLt ahfof] . /, ;'Tg] k|
of;;lxt l;/s cf]9]/ cf]5\ofgdf klN6of] .

)))

r}q !^ ut] cleif]ssf] hGdlbg . pm s]s c8{/ ug{ laxfg} ahf/

lgl:sof] . p;n] a]n'sf $ ah];Dd s]s tof/ kfl/lbg cfu|x u¥of] . k;n]n]
;xdlt hgfpFb} eGof], æolb cf7 ah]kl5 cfpg'x'G5 eg] tkfO{+n] 5'6
kfpgx'G5 .Æ
cf7 ah] lgs} cFWof/f] eO;Sg] ePsfn] p;n] $ ah] g} tof/
kfg{ eGof] . ;fFem sn]haf6 kmls{Pkl5 p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\of] .
:jl:tdfn] p;nfO{ Psflaxfg} hGdlbgsf] z'esfdgf lbO;s]sL lyO{ .
cleif]s aflx/ lg:sg nfu]sf] b]v]/ p;n] klg ;Fu} hfg] s'/f u/L .
cleif]sn] 38L x]¥of], ;f9] rf/ alh;s]sf] lyof] . l9nf] e};Sof], ltdL cfpg'
kb}{g . :jl:tdfnfO{ cfkm";Fu gcfpg cfu|x u/] klg p;sf] s]xL ;Lk
nfu]g . b'j}hgf uNnLsf] af6f] x'Fb} xtf/xtf/ lxF8\g yfn] . :jl:tdf p;sf]
xft ;dft]/ lxF8\b} lyO{ . cln k/ k'u]kl5 cleif]sn] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;f]Wof],
æltdLnfO{ s]xL t ePsf] 5}g x} <Æ
æcxF . lsg / <Æ p;n] w]/} ;f]Rb} g;f]rL hjfkm lbO{ .
æc:ktfn ltdL cfG6Lsf] nflu uÚsf] xf] ls cfkm\g} nflu <Æ
crfgs p;n] cleif]ssf] xft 5f]8L / 6Ss pleO{ . cleif]s klg /f]lsof] .
cl3;Dd 8/fPem}+ xft ;dft]/ lxFl8/x]sL :jl:tdf PsfPs To;/L lg8/
eO{ cFWof/f] af6f]df /f]lsPsfn] p;nfO{ cgf}7f] nfUof] .
æs] eof] <Æ :jl:tdfsf] glhs} uP/ p;n] ;f]Wof] . cFWof/f] ulxl/Fb}
lyof] . %–& ld6/ 6f9fsf] dfG5]nfO{ ;d]t lrGg} g;lsg] cFWof/f]
eO;s]sf] lyof] .
æd]/f] s'/fdf tkfO{+nfO{ ljZjf; nfUb}g xf] <Æ :jl:tdfn] rsf]{
:j/df egL .
crfgs :jl:tdfdf cfPsf] kl/jt{g / Jojxf/n] pm tLg5Ss k¥of] . s] uNtL
eof] / daf6 < :jl:tdf l/;fPsL xf]nL, p;n] dgdg} ;f]Rof] / cljZjf;sf] s'/f
sxfFaf6 cfof] < p;nfO{ w]/} s'/f ;f]Wg dg nfu] klg p;n] ;f]Wg pko'St
7fg]g . /ft l5lKkFb} lyof] / xtf/f] klg a9]sf] lyof] .
To;}n] lagfuNtL p;n] …;/LÚ eGof] / cln ;+j]bgzLn x'Fb} yKof],
æltdL t 5f} of] ;+;f/df Pp6f, h;nfO{ d cfFvf lrDn]/ ljZjf; ug{ ;S5' .
d}n] af/Daf/ ;f]Wg'sf] dtna xf], d ltd|f] s'g} klg s'/f g/fd|f] b]Vg
;lSbgF . ltdL v';L ePsf], ;'vL ePsf] / :j:y ePsf] x]g{ rfxG5' .
ltdLnfO{ s]xL ePsf] 5}g eg]/ 9'Ss x'g rfxGy]F d .Æ
:jl:tdf d'v kmsf{P/ p;sf] s'/f ;'lg/x]sL lyO{ .
æcfO{ Pd ;/L Û :jl:tdf .Æ p;sf] af]nL g;lsFb} :jl:tdf emls{O{,
ær'k nfUg';\ tkfO{+ ÛÆ cleif]sn] cfkm\gf] slt Vofn /fVbf] /x]5 eGg]
s'/f ;fob p;n] dx;'; u/L . æcfO{ Pd ;/L ÛÆ p;}n] kf] efj's ag]/ egL /
cleif]snfO{ cFufnf] xfnL . cleif]sn] klg :jl:tdfsf] efjgfnfO{ ;dy{g ub}
{ eGof], æk|f]ld;, cab]lv o:tf] slxNo} ulb{gF d . hfd\ lxF8, ca l9nf]
eO;Sof] .Æ
:jl:tdfn] b'k§f ldnfpFb} egL, æPs l5g tkfO{+sf] xft lbg' g .Æ
ælsg / <Æ cleif]sn] xft cufl8 a9fpFb} ;f]Wof] .
:jl:tdfn] ks]6af6 gf8LAofG8 lemsL / p;sf] xftdf nufO{ lbO{ .
Tof] cFWof/f]df vf;} gb]v] klg p;n] Psbd} /fd|f] dx;'; u¥of] / eGof],
æYofÍÍ o" .Æ
ætkfO{+sf nflu ay{8] lukm\6 ⁄Æ olt eGb} pm s'/s'Rrf prfNb}
pleO{ / cleif]snfO{ r'Dag u/L . cleif]sn] dgdg} eGof], of] eGbf
cd"No pkxf/ t c¿ x'g} ;Sb}g . pm d';'Ss xfF:of] / eGof], æYofª\s o"
;f] dr ڮ
ef]lnkN6 laxfg pm cln l9nf] p7\of] . p;n] df]afOndf ;do x]¥of] .
laxfgsf] ;f9] cf7 aHg yfn]5 . t/ klg p;nfO{ cf]R5\ofgaf6 p7\g} dg
nfu]g . gf8Lsf] AofG8 x]b}{ lxhf]sf] s'/f ;lDemg yfNof] . Tof]
;Demgfn] p;nfO{ cfglGbt agfof] / pm PSn} d':s'/fof] .
nueu ( aHg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . pm h'?Ss p7\of] / xft prfNb} lhp
otfptL 3'dfP/ tGsfof] clg afy?d uof] . k|m]; eO;s]/ pm ?ddf lstfa
ldnfpFb} lyof] . ToxLa]nf :jl:tdf 6'kn'Ss} cfOk'uL . p;n] crDd dfGb}
tnb]lv dfly;Dd x]¥of] . gofF n'ufdf 7fl§Psf] b]v]/ p;n] ;f]Wof], æsxfF
hfg nfPsf] ltdL Psflaxfg} <Æ
ælaxfg} <Æ p;n] crDd dfGb} egL, æ!) aHg] a]nf eO;Sof], d t
cfG6Lsf]df hfg nfsf] .Æ cleif]sn] crDd dfGb} eGof], æcfG6Lsf]df
hfFb}5' eg]/ ltdLn] t klxn] eg]gf}+ dnfO{ < crfgs lsg hfg nfu]sL ptf
.Æ p;n] e'OFdf /fv]sf] 7"nf] Aofu x]b}{ ;f]Wof] .
:jl:tdfn] g/d :j/df egL, ælaxfg dfq} cfG6Ln] kmf]g ug'{eof] .
s]xL lbg pt} a:5' xf]nf .Æ cleif]snfO{ :jl:tdfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ g/dfOnf]
nfUof] .
p;n] Ps l5g ;f]r]/ eGof], æslt lbg a:5f} / pTff <Æ
æv} Tof] t yfxf 5}g . dDdL klg cfpg'ePsf] 5 .Æ :jl:tdfn] a]8sf]
lsgf/df a:b} egL . s'/}s'/fdf cleif]sn] p;nfO{ a; eGg ;d]t lal;{P5 .
p;nfO{ s] eGg] cfOl8of g} ePg . :jl:tdf e'OFdf /fv]sf] 7"nf] Aofult/
Pxf]xf]/f] x]l//xL .
æcfpg'xf]nf lg afn'jf6f/lt/ km';{b ePdf .Æ cleif]s r'k nfu]sf]
b]v]/ p;n] cK7\of/f] dx;'; ub}{ egL, æcgnfOg cfpg' xf]nf km];a'sdf .
kmf]g ug'{xf]nf dnfO{ . d cgnfOg cfpF5' lg .Æ
Tolt eg]/ :jl:tdf p7\g} nfu]sL lyO{ . p;n] :jl:tdfsf] xft ;dfTof] /
;Fu} p7\of] . :jl:tdfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ cleif]snfO{ stfstf dgdf 8/ nfu]/ cfof] .
st} pm ;w}+sf nflu t 5'l§Fb} 5}g < s] of] xfd|f] clGtd e]6 xf] < p;n]
cfkm}+l;t k|Zg u¥of] . dl:tisdf w]/} gsf/fTds s'/f Ps}k6s bf}l8g
yfn] . pm :jl:tdfsf] glhs} uof] / cFufnf] xfNof] . 8/n] ljlIfKt eP/ p;n]
:jl:tdfnfO{ s;]/ cfkm\gf] z/L/df 6fF:of] . ;fob klxnf]kN6 p;n] olt hf]8n]
cª\sdfn u/]sf] x'g'k5{, h;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ c;xh dx;'; u/fof] . Ps l5g t ;f;
g} yfldPnfh:tf] eof] . b'j}sf d'6' hf]8n] w8\lsg yfn] .
cleif]ssf] cFufnf]af6 d'St ePkl5 :jl:tdfn] nfdf] ;f; km]/L .
skfn ldnfpFb} p;n] emf]nf prfnL / ;fgf] :j/df egL, æhfG5' n .Æ
cleif]s d';'Ss xfF:of] / bflxg] xftn] :jl:tdfsf] ufnf lrdf]6\of] . ufnf clnslt
b'v] klg pm;n] d':s'/fpFb} xft xNnfO{, æuPF n Û afO{ .Æ
 cleif]s s]xL af]n]g . p;n] kms]{/ x]/L / d';'Ss xfF;L . :jl:tdf
hfFb}5] eGg] s'/f aNn cleif]snfO{ af]w eP5 Sof/] Û p;n] klg xft
xNnfpFb} …afO{Ú eGof] / Psf]xf]/f] 6f]nfO/Xof] .

)))

eG5g\, olb k|]d ;fFrf] 5 eg] ;+;f/sf] s'g} klg zlStn] b'O{ d'6' Ps
x'gaf6 /f]Sg ;Sb}g . :jl:tdf / cleif]s ef}lts ¿kn] 6f9f eP klg efjgfTds ?
kdf Psbd} glhs 5g\ . pgLx¿sf] kmf]gdf, Rof6df s'/f eO/xG5 . 6fOd
ldnfP/ cleif]s afn'jf6f/ hfg] u5{ . ;fFemkv b'j}hgf 3'Dg lgl:sG5g\ .
slxn] kfgLk'/L, slxn] r6\k6 t slxn] cfO;lqmd vfFb}+ a]n'sfsf] ;do
latfpF5g\ . afn'jf6f/ j/k/ kfpg] kfgLk'/L / r6\k6sf :6n ;fob} oL b'O{n]
5f8]sf xf]nfg\ . sltn] t pgLx¿nfO{ lrGg klg yfln;s] . Tolt dfq}
geO{ p;n] :jl:tdfsL dDdL / cª\snnfO{ ;d]t e]6\g] df}sf kfof] . nhfP/
xf]nf e]6df pm Psbd} sd af]NYof] . p;nfO{ 8/ klg lyof], st}
cfk"mnfO{ unt ;lDemg] t xf]Ogg\ <
sn]haf6 kms]{kl5 Ps lbg cleif]s xf]:6]ndf vfhf vfFb} lyof] .
:jl:tdfsf] kmf]g cfof] . p;n] egL, æcfh ;fFem vfgf vfg ot} cfpg' x}
ÛÆ
cleif]s bª\u k¥of] . cgfrs :jl:tdfn] s] eGb}5] ⁄ p;n] s'/fsf] s'g}
d];f] kfPg / ;f]Wof], æd cfpg] ToxfF l8g/df <Æ
æcF Û dDdLn] af]nfpg' efÚsf] xf] . l56f] cfpg' x} . d clxn] cln
lahL 5' .Æ olt eg]/ :jl:tdfn] kmf]g /fvL .
p;nfO{ crDd dfq} nfu]g, cK7\of/f] klg nfUof] . cg]s k|Zg v]Ng
yfn] dgdf . lsg af]nfPsf xf]nfg\ l8g/df < s] s'/f ug]{ xf]nf < st}
cfkm\gf] ;DaGwsf] af/]df :jl:tdfn] dDdL / cª\snnfO{ t elgg < p;}sf]
dDdLn] af]nfpg eg]kl5 kSs} s]xL dxTTjk"0f{ s'/f ug{nfO{ x'g'k5{ .
dgdf stfstf 8/ nfu]/ cfof] p;nfO{– s;/L :jl:tdfsf] kl/jf/sf] ;fdgf ug]{ <
 xfd||f] ;DaGwsf] af/]df ;f]Wg'eof] eg] s] eGg] xf]nf < pm o:t}
rflxg] grflxg] s'/f dgdf v]nfpg yfNof] . p;nfO{ afn'jf6f/ hfg} dg nfu]g
. t/ klg guO{ ;'v} lyPg .
jf:tljs s'/f s] /x]5 elg a'‰gnfO{ p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ kmf]g u¥of] .
kmf]g :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] l/l;e ug'{eof] . x]nf] Û
æcfG6L, gd:t] Û d cleif]s .Æ p;n] olt dfq eGof] . ptfaf6 cfjfh
cfof], ægd:t] afa', cln rfF8} cfpm n Û l8g/ tof/ x'Fb}5 .Æ
p;n] c¿ s]xL ;f]Wg ;s]g . …xj;\ cfG6LÚ eGof] / kmf]g /flvlbof] .
p;n] cfk"mnfO{ dgkg]{ ;6{ nufof] . /fd|f] b]lvg ;Sbf] d]xgt
u¥of] . xf]:6]n jf8]{gnfO{ cª\snsf]df hfg] / vfgf pt} vfP/ cfpg]
atfof] . af6f]sf] k;naf6 s]xL 8]/L ldNs rsn]6 lsg]/ pm afn'jf6f/ k'Uof] .
afn'jf6f/, u]6leq k:g} nfUbf p;sf] w8\sg a9\g yfNof] .
:jl:tdfnfO{ b]v]/ p;n] cln ;lhnf] dx;'; u¥of] . k/ s'gfdf afFlWfPsf] s's'/
e'Sg yfn]kl5 pm ql;t eof] . cfkm\gf] emf]nfaf6 rsn]6 lemSof] /
:jl:tdf;Fu} plePsf] p;sf] efO -cª\snsf] 5f]/f_ sf] xftdf lbof] .
3/leq k;]kl5 p;n] ;a}nfO{ gd:sf/ u¥of] . /, Pp6f leQf;Fu}
hf]8]/ /flvPsf] ;f]kmfdf a:of] . pm slt ge{; 5 eg]/ p;sf] cg'xf/n] g}
atfO/x]sf] lyof] . ToxfF agfj6L d':sfg :ki6 b]lvGYof] .
cleif]sn] ;fd'Gg]sf] leQfdf e'm08\ofOPsf] 7"nf] 38Ldf x]¥of] . ^
aHg kfFr ldg]6 dfq afFsL lYfof] . vfg]s'/fsf] dL7f] jf;gf j/k/
k}mln/x]sf] lyof] . w]/} lbgkl5 cfh aNn dL7f] vfg kfOg] eof] . p;n]
dgdg} eGof] .
afFsL ;a} efG5fdf Jo:t lyP . pm leQfdf 6fFluPsf kmf]6f x]/]/
/dfpg yfNof] . a]nfa]nf ;fgf] efO v]nf}gf;Fu v]Nb} cfpYof] / p;sf]
Wofg eª\u ul/lbGYof] .
Ps l5gd} u]6sf] 9f]sf vf]n]sf] cfjfh cfof] . ;fgf] efO …afafÚ
eGb} bu'b}{ uof] . cª\sn ?ddf cfOk'Ug'eof] . efOn] emf]nf ufx|f]
dfGb} af]ls/x]sf] lyof] .
 cleif]sn] cª\snnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} gd:sf/ u¥of] . ;fdfGo xfnva/
;f]w]/ cª\sn csf]{ ?ddf hfg'eof] . p;n] 6]a'ndf /flvPsf] sIff tLgsf]
g]kfnL lstfa ;dfTof] / kfgf kN6fpFb} x]g{ yfNof] .
cleif]snfO{ PSn} af]/ nflu/x]sf] s'/f ;fob :jl:tdfn] dx;'; u/L . pm
cleif]s ePsf] ?ddf cfO{ / glhs}sf] s';L{df a;L . cleif]snfO{ s'/f ug{ dg
nfu] klg p;n] cf}krfl/stfdf Wofg lbO/Xof] . pm Tolt af]n]g a? lstfad}
Jo:t ePh:tf] ul//Xof] .
efG5f tof/ eP5 Sof/] Û :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] vfg af]nfpg'eof] . :jl:tdf
bu'b}{ efG5fdf uO{ . p;n] lstfa 6]a'ndf /fVof] / ;/f;/ 8fOlgª 6]a'n
ePlt/ nfUof] . 7"nf] 6]a'n efF8fs'F8fn] el/Psf] lyof] . s';L{x¿ klv{/x]sf
h:tf b]lvGYf] . p;n] ;a} yf]snfO{ /fd|/L cjnf]sg u¥of] . TolQs}df cª\sn
cfpg'eof] / a; eGb} cfkm" klg Ps 5]psf] s';L{ tfg]/ a:g'eof] .
of] ;do p;nfO{ ;a}eGbf r'gf}tLk"0f{ nfUof] . p;n] cª\snsf] d'vdf
x]g]{ cfF6 ;d]t u/]g . pm ToxL 6]a'ndf /flvPsf ef8f;Fu gh/ h'wfP/
al;/Xof] . :jl:tdf xftdf sfFrsf lunf; lnP/ cfO{ . p;n] yf]/} eP klg ;lhnf]
dx;'; u¥of] . t/, cª\snn] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;nfb lnP/ cfpg eg]/ km]l/ efG5fdf
k7fpg'eof] . /, cfkm" sfFrsf lunf;df kfgL eg{ yfNg'eof] .
cleif]sn] xf]:6]n ;lDemof] . vfgf gdL7f] eP klg xf]:6]ndf s;}n]
cK7\of/f] dfg]/ vfg' t kb}{g . ;a};Fu xfF:b} af]Nb} vfgf vfg kfOG5 .
dfxf}n klg kl/lrt lyof] . t/, oxfF dfG5] dfq geO{ x/]s j:t' ckl/lrt 5g\ .
s';L{ ;fbf{ klg rsf]{ cfjfh lgsfNg], l/;fPh:tf . RofFl7Psf .
vfgf vfg] a]nfdf s]s] s'/f eP, p;nfO{ Tolt ;Demgf /x]g . slt 3/fo;L
s'/f t slt cleif]s / p;sf] kfl/jf/sf] af/]df ;f]wk'5 . p;n]
s'/fnfO{ a9fpg'eGbf klg 5f]6f]5f]6f] kf/]/ hjfkm lbGYof], dfgf}+ pm
oL uGyg rfF8} 6'ª\Uofpg rfxG5 . ePsf s'/fdWo] / p;n] a'e]m hltsf
s'/fn] Pp6f s'/f :ki6 x'GYof] ls :jl:tdfsL dDdL / cª\sn–
cfG6LnfO{ cfkm\gf] ;DaGwaf/] ;'OFsf] e};s]sf] 5 . t/ klg ;a}hgf
v';L ;fy s'/f ul//x]sfn] cleif]snfO{ pgLx¿ ;sf/fTds 5g\ eGg] efg eof] .
l8g/ ;lsPkl5 ha pm ToxfFaf6 lg:sg yfNof], :jl:tdfsL dDdL klg
u]6;Dd cfpg'eof] . /, eGg'eof], æaf6f]df ljrf/ u/]/ hfpm, afa' Û w]/}
cFWof/f] e};s]5 .Æ cleif]sn] klg cf1fsf/L ljBfyL{n] e}+m gd:t] ub}
{ …xj;\ Û cfG6LÚ eGof] .
:Jl:tdf ToxL 5]pd} plePsL lyO{, p;n] klg …afO{Ú egL . TolQs}df
dDdLn] k]ml/ eGg yfNg'eof], æcleif]s Û ltdL ;dembf/ 5f} . afa',
cfkm\gf] k9fOdf Wofg b]pm n Û bfofFafofF ug'{eGbf klg k9fOdf
Wofg lbPs} /fd|f] x'G5 .Æ
p;sf] dgdf :jl:tdfsL dDdLk|lt >4f hfu]/ cfof] . s}n]sfxLF :jl:tdfn]
k9\g'k5{ eg]/ 8f6\g'afx]s p;nfO{ c¿ s;}n] klg o;/L dfofn] ;DemfPsf]
lyPg . cfh dDdLsf] s'/fn] ;fFlRrs} p;sf] dg 5f]of] . p;nfO{ cfkm\g}
dDdLn] eg]]h:tf] nfUof] . gq of] lgb{oL ;dfhdf s;}n] s;}sf] Vofn ub}
{g . gd:sf/ u/]/ pm ;/f;/ xf]:6]nlt/ nfUof] .
b'O{ lbgkl5, nueu laxfgsf] !) ah]lt/ :jl:tdfn] cleif]snfO{ kmf]g
u/]/ cfkm" wgu9L 3/df hfFb} u/]sf] atfO{ . cleif]sn] cflQP/ ;f]Wof],
æslt lbgsf nflu <Æ :jl:tdfn] yfxf gePsf] hjfkm lbO{ . cleif]s
:jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g rfxGYof] . t/, :jl:tdfn] g} ;do ldNb}g eg]kl5
p;nfO{ g/dfOnf] nfUof] .
s]xL ;dosf nflu eP klg ef}lts¿kdf 6f9f x'g'kg]{ eon] p;sf] dg
sfFKg yfNof] . dgn] PSnf] dx;'; u¥of] . t/, p;n] km]l/ ;f]Rof]– s]xL
lbgsf nflu t xf] lg Û
/fltsf] gf} alh;s]sf] lyof] . p;n] cfkm\gf] Wofg k9fOdf s]lGb|t
ug}{ ;s]g . kmf]g p7fof] / :jl:tdfnfO{ sn u¥of] . TolQs}df sf]7fsf]
‰ofn 8\ofË aHof] . aflx/ xfjf rln/x]sf] lyof] .
æx]nf] ÛÆ :jl:tdfsf] cfjfh cfof] .
æsxfF k'Uof} ltdL <Æ kmf]gdf cfjfh :ki6 cfPg . p;n] k]ml/
;f]Wof], æs'g 7fpFdf k'Uof} clxn] <Æ
cfjfh cfwfcfwf sfl6P/ cfof] . t/ klg p;n] …gf/fo0fu9Ú
eg]h:tf] ;'Gof] / Ps l5gd} kmf]g sfl6of] . p;n] k'gM kmf]g u/]g .
:jl:tdf s]xL lbgsf nflu 6f9f uP klg p;sf] dDdLsf] s'/fn]
cleif]snfO{ Tof] kl/jf/;Fu Psbd} glhs agfPsf] lyof] . ca t p;nfO{ nfUg
yfNof]– pm klg Tof] kl/jf/sf] Ps lx:;f xf] .
 ;dosf] t sfd g} xf] abln/xg], hLjgdf Gof;|f] t ta nfU5, ha kl/l:ylt
ablnG5 / ;Fu;Fu} cfkm\gf dfG5] klg . :jl:tdf wgu9L uPkl5 cleif]ssf]
b'lgofF k|foM z"Goh:t} g} eof] . kmf]gdf klg sd} s'/f x'g yfNof] . Ps
lbg t p;}n] egL, æd}n] ld;sn ubf{ dfq dnfO{ sn ug'{ .Æ stfstf :jl:tdf
ablnPem}+ nfUof] p;nfO{ .
;fob 3/df c¿ s;}n] kmf]g p7fOlbg ;S5 . p;sf] kl/l:ylt cg's"n gx'g
klg ;S5 . hyfefjL kmf]g gug'{ g} 7Ls xf] . p;n] cfkm\gf] dgnfO{
;Demfof] . ca p;n] k]m;a'ssf] ;xf/f lng yfNof] . dgdf nfu]sf ;a} s'/f /
lbgel/sf /dfOnf k|;Fu pm k]m;a'sdf d];]hu/]/ k7fpFYof] . slxn]sfxLF
uNtLn] cfPsf ld;sndf klg pm snAofs uYof]{ . p;nfO{ nfUYof]– :jl:tdfn]
g} u/]sf] xf]nf .
:jl:tdfn] kmf]g ug]{ sltko gDa/ gofF g} lyP . tL gDa/
df]afOndf :jl:tdf Ps, :jl:tdf b'O{ ub}{ n]v]/ ;]eu/]sf] 5 p;n] .
k|To]s 306f k]m;a'ssf] d];]hr]s u5{ . :jl:tdfsf] l/KnfO{ x]g{ .
p;nfO{ ef}lts b'/Ln] efjgfTds b'/L klg c;fWo} a9fOlbPem}+ nfUof] .
p;n] rfx]sf] a]nf :jl:tdf;Fu s'/f ug{ gkfpFbf lgs} 56\k6L x'g yfNof] . k|
ljlwsf] ljsf;n] ;f/f ljZjnfO{ g} Pp6f ufpF agfP klg kl/l:yltn] oL
b'O{ rGb|df / k[YjL h:t} eP . :jl:tdfn] ld;sn glbP;Dd kmf]g gug'{ eg]
klg p;n] dgnfO{ yfDg g;sL w]/}k6s sn u¥of] . t/, Ps–b'O{k6s dfq s'/f
x'g ;Sof] .
:jl:tdf 3/ uPsf] klg b'O{ xKtf lalt;s]sf] lyof] . slxn]sfxLF x'g]
s'/fn] p;nfO{ c;fWo} v';L lbGYof] . t/, Tof] Psbd} Ifl0fs x'GYof] .
k]m;a'sdf k7fPsf ckmnfOg d];]hx¿ x]/]/ klg l/KnfO{ gcfpFbf p;sf] dg
c;fWo} b'VYof] . p;n] cfk"mnfO{ a8f] d'l:snn] ;Dxfln/x]sf] lyof] .
af/Daf/ kmf]g ugf{n] l8:6a{ x'g ;Sg] eG7fgL pm kmf]g ub}{gYof] .
pm kfgLljgfsf] df5fh:t} eof] . sIffsf]7fdf klg p;sf] dg Psfu| x'g ;s]g, ?
ddf x'Fbf t emg k9fOdf dg} a:g 5f]8\of] .
p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] j/k/sf] jftfj/0fk|lt c¿lr a9]/ cfof] . j/k/sf
lrhlah / ;fyLefOl;t klg pm glhs x'g 5f8\of] . sn]h 5'§Lsf lbgdf klg
pm /dfpg ;s]g . dg lvGgtfn] el/of] p;sf], hLjg lg/fzfn] .
 Ps lbg a]n'sf, p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ kmf]g ug]{ dg;fo agfof] .
p;nfO{ yfxf 5, kmf]g p7\b}g . t/ klg dgnfO{ zfGt kfg{ p;n] kmf]g
nufof] . nfdf] 306L uO/Xof] . cGTodf :jl:tdfn] kmf]g p7fO{ . p;n]
cfk"mnfO{ efUodfgL 7fGof] . ;fdfGo af]nrfn eof] . p;sf] cfjfhdf Tof]
k'/fgf] dL7f; cleif]sn] kfPg . cGTodf p;n] egL, æd & ut] xf]:6]n
cfpFb}5' .Æ cleif]ssf] v';Lsf] ;Ldf /x]g . eGof], Æ :jl:tdf Û cfO{ ld; o'
e]/L dr .Æ p;n] …cfO{ ne o' ÛÚ eGg ;s]g .
Ps l5gkl5 :jl:tdfn] egL, æcf]s], afO{ ÛÆ
:jl:tdfsf] Jojxf/df cfPsf] kl/jt{gn] cleif]ssf] hLjgdf k|ToIf c;/ kfb}{
uPsf] lyof] . t/, ca p;n] l5§} :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g]5 / dgsf w]/} s'/f
p;nfO{ eGg]5 . w]/} kl5 x'g] e]6sf] cfgGb g} cs}{ x'G5, To;sf]
kvf{Odf a:g p;n] cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ ;fGtjgf lbg yfNof] .
a}zfv & ut] ;f]daf/ . :jl:tdf cfpg] ePkl5 pm sn]h guO{ xf]:6]nd}
a:of] . 38Ldf lbpF;f]sf] #M@( ah]sf] lyof] . p;sf] df]afOnsf] 306L
aHof] . kmf]g :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] ug'{ePsf] /x]5 . p;n] kmf]g p7fof]],
ægd:t] Û cfG6L .Æ
kmf]gdf :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] clejfbg :jLsf/L ;s]kl5 eGg'eof], æcleif]s afa'
Û cfh :Jfl:tdf xf]:6]n cfpFb}5, p;nfO{ 6\ofS;L vf]h]/ ;fdfg /fv]/
k7fOb]pm n ÛÆ
cleif]snfO{ crDd nfUof] . p;n] sf}t'xntfsf ;fy ;f]Wof], ælsg /
cfG6L < ca pm xf]:6]n ga:g] <Æ
æca pm cs}{ :s'n k9\5], egf{ klg eO;Sof] .Æ o; ck|Toflzt s'/fn]
pm tLg5Ss k¥of] . :jl:tdfn] cleif]snfO{ slxNo} eg]sL lyOg of] s'/f .
p;n] cln cflQPem}+ u/L k]ml/ ;f]Wof], æslxn] P8\ld;g u/L p;n] < pm
t wgu9L uPsL lyO{, x}g / <Æ
:jl:tdfsL dDdLn] cGhfg kf/fn] ;f]Wg'eof], æwgu9L < 3/ < slxn]
uO{ / ÛÆ k]ml/ s'/f :ki6 kfb}{ eGg'eof], æpm wgu9L uPs} 5}g .
To} r}qsf] bf];|f] ;ftflt/ egf{ u/]sf] .Æ
s]xL t u8a8 eO/x]sf] p;n] cg'dfg u¥of] . t/ s]xL a'‰g ;s]g .
:jl:tdfsL dDdLsf] s'/f ;'g]/ pm 5fgfaf6 v;]h:t} eof] . p;sf] df]afOn
cem} sfgd} lyof] . kmf]gdf b'O{–tLgk6s …cleif]s–cleif]sÚ eg]kl5, …
xh'/ cfG6L ÛÚ p;n] eGof] . p;sf] cfjfhdf cQflnPsf] k|i6} dx;'; x'GYof] .
æafa', :jl:tdfnfO{ 6\ofS;Ldf a;fP/ k7fOb]pm n ÛÆ
æXj; ÛÆ p;n] l/;sf] kf/fn] kmf]g sf6\of] .
kmf]g /flv;s]kl5 pm kfunh:t} eof] . :jl:tdfn] s] u/L, Tof] p;sf]
dtnasf] ljifo ePg . t/, p;nfO{ ;Gb]x ToxfF eof], e"m6 lsg af]n]sL xf]nL
<
lsg olt 7"nf] gf6s /r]sL :jl:tdfn] < p;nfO{ :jl:tdfk|lt c;fWo} l/;
p7]/ cfof] . ;fy;fy} cfk"mk|lt ;xfg'e"lt klg . :jl:tdfn] cfkm"nfO{ kª\u'
agfPh:tf] nfUof] . dgdf cg]s y/Lsf k|Zg plAhP– s] uNtL lyof] / d]/f] <
s] sf/0fn] p;n] d;Fu e"m6 af]Ng'k¥of] Û
r}q bf];|f] ;ftf=== P8\ld;g=== p;n] ;lDemof] . To; af]nf :jl:tdf
cfkm\gL cfG6Lsf] r]scksf nflu eg]/ xl:k6n uPsL lyO{ . of] s;/f
cleif]snfO{ ce}m ofb 5 . p;sf] hGdlbgeGbf s]xL lbgcl3sf] s'/f lyof]
Tof] . eg]kl5 Tof] a]nfb]lv g} p;n] gf6s ub}{ cfPsL /lx5] . pm ca ;a}
s'/f ;kmfkfgL em}+ k|i6 a'‰b} uof] . cfkm\g} skfn n'5\g dg nfUof],
/ dgdf kxf8hq} k|Zg v8\ls/Xof]– cflv/ of] ;a lsg <
:jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g egL sn]h klg guO{ a;]sf]df k5'tf] nfUg yfNof]
p;nfO{ . p;df cfPsf v';Lsf nx/, kZrfQfk / qmf]wdf ablnP . v';L
x'g'sf] ;f6f] kl/l:yltn] p;nfO{ b'Mvsf] tnfpdf r'n{Dd 8'afOlbof] . pm
hf]8–hf]8n] s/fpg rfxGYof] . lrRofpg rfxGYof] . dgsf ;a} j]bgf cf]sNg
rfxGYof] t/ To;f] ug{ ;s]g . dgdf c;fWo} kL8f eof] p;nfO{ . / klg
klv{of]– :jl:tdf cfp~h]n .
a]n'sfsf] kfFr aHg} cfF6]sf] lyof] . cleif]s xf]:6]ns} cfFugsf]
a]Grdf df]afOn xftdf lnP/ al;/x]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] lbPsf]
lhDd]jf/L k"/f ug'{ 5 p;nfO{ .
kl/l:ylt cfkm\gf] cg's'n gePsf]df p;n] dgdg} ufnL u¥of] /
cfkm}nfO{ lwSsf¥of] klg . h;nfO{ p;n] cffFvf lrDn]/ ljZjf; u/]sf] lyof],
p;}n] kfOn}lkR5] e"m6 af]Nb} lxF8]kl5 ca sxfF cl8of] p;sf] ljZjf; <
cg]s cfzª\sfn] k5\ofpg yfn] . p;nfO{ cfkm\g} lgZjfy{ dfofk|lt bof
nfu]/ cfof] .
af/Daf/ p;sf cfFvf u]6lt/ bf}l8Gy] . cGttM :jl:tdf u]6leq k|j]z
u/L . pm a]Ghaf6 h'?Ss p7\of], Ps l5g ToxL pleP/ x]l//Xof] .
klxnf]k6s p;n] :jl:tdfsf] ;'Gb/tfnfO{ Wofg lbPg . pm
Tof] ;'Gb/tfleq 5f]lkPsf] s'¿ktf lgofNb} lyof] . cfh p;nfO{ dx;'; eof]–
jf:tljs ;'Gb/tf d'xf/df x}g dgleq x'g] /x]5 . h'g p;n] cfh :jl:tdfdf kfPg .
p;n] cfkm\g} cufl8, cfk"mlt/ al9/x]sL s'¿k / b'i6 dgsL
:jl:tdfnfO{ b]Vof] . dg / dl:tisdf y/Ly/Lsf ;f]rx¿ ;nanfpg yfn] . p;n]
cfk}+mnfO{ ;DxfNg] k|oTg ul//x]sf] lyof] .
æbfO Û ;~r} x'g'x'G5 <Æ :jl:tdfsf] of] ;f]wfO klg ck]lIft lyof] .
k/}af6 cleif]snfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} d':s'/fpFb} lyO{ . t/, p;nfO{ s] yfxf
cleif]ssf] dgdf s] lalt/x]sf] 5 eg]/ Û p;sf] xFFFl;nf] d'xf/ b]v]/ cleifsn]
agfj6L d':sfg cf]7df Nofof] . s] eGg] eg]/ ;f]Rb} pm Ps l5g csdlsof] .
p;nfO{ ;fdfGo tj/n] g} Jojxf/ ug'{ plrt nfUof] . p;n] cfkm\gf] dg bl/nf]
kf¥of] . pm rfxGYof]– s'g} klg ¿kdf p;sf] cfGtl/s Hjfnf aflx/ gcfcf];\ .
To;}n] p;n] ;fdfGo xfnva/ dfq} ;f]Wof] / eGof], æltdL cfkm\gf] ;fdfg
Kofs ub}{ u/, d 6\ofS;L lnP/ cfpF5' .Æ pm 6\ofS;L vf]Hg lxF8\of] .
cleif]ssf] s'/f ;'g]/ tLg5Ss k/L :jl:tdf . p;nfO{ ck;f]r nfUof] . pm
Ps l5g ToxL cl8P/ ;f]Rg yfnL– cleif]snfO{ of] ;a s;/L yfxf eof] <
;fFEfm kl/;s]sf] lyof] . p;n] ;fdfg lnP/ kmlsg'{ klg 5 . pm ;/f;/ ?ddf
uO{ .
s]xLa]/kl5 cleif]s 6\ofS;L lnP/ cfOk'Uof] . :jl:tdfn] sf]7fsf]
‰ofnaf6} b]vL . cleif]s ;/f;/ cfkm\gf] ?dlt/ uof] . ;a} ;fdfg kf]sf]
kfl/;s]kl5 :jl:tdf cK7\of/f] dfGb} cleif]ssf] ?ddf cfO{ .
cleif]s cf]5\ofgdf klN6/x]sf] lyof] . h'?Ss p7\of] / ;f]Wof],
æ;fdfg tof/ kf¥of} .Æ p;sf] cg'xf/ dlng b]lvGYof], v';L xf];\ klg s;/L <
ætkfO{+nfO{ s;n] eGof] d xf]:6]n 5f]8\b} 5' eg]/ <Æ :Jl:tdfn]
blaPsf] :j/df ;f]wL .
 p;n] ;a} s'/f atfof] . t/, dgdf v8\lsPsf] kxf8;/L k|Zg eg] ;f]w]g
p;n] . p;sf] ;a} l/; zfGt e};ssf] lyof] . 5'l§g] a]nfdf /8fsf] dRrfpg
pko'St 7fg]g . ;fob :jl:tdfk|ltsf]] ;Rrf Kof/n] Tof] l/;sf]
HjfnfnfO{ lgefOlbof] . p;n] ulx/f] ;f; k]m¥of] / 6fpsf]df xft nufP/
a]8sf] 5]pdf yrSs a:of] .
:jl:tdf s]xL gaf]nL 6f]nfO{ dfq /xL .
æs'g :s'ndf P8\ld;g u/]sf] ltDn] <Æ s]xL a]/sf] df}gtfkl5
cleif]sn] ;f]Wof] .
æP8\efG; O{G6/g]zgn df]8]n :s'n, nugv]n .Æ
cleif]snfO{ w]/} s'/f ;f]Wg dg lyof] . p;n] :jl:tdfsf] cg'xf/df x]
¥of] . 5'6\l6g] a]nfdf tL ;a} c:jfefljs k|Zg ;f]Wg p;nfO{ hfFu/}
rn]g . ;f]lwxfn] klg ;a} agfj6L hjfkm kfpg] kSsf lyof] . p;n] ‰ofnaf6
aflx/ x]¥of] . ;"o{ c:tfpg] a]nfsf] pHofnf] lyof] aflx/ . ToxL pHofnf]
cfkm\gf] d'xf/df Nofof] / ;f]Wof], æslxn] e]6\5f} ca <Æ
:jl:tdfn] cgsgfpFb} egL, æv} yfxf 5}g . d tkfO{+l;t km];a'sdf
s'/f u5'{ lg, df]afOn ag]kl5 .Æ
cleif]sn] ;a} a'‰of] . ca e]6 x'Fb}g . /, cfkm\gf] dg /fVg
:jl:tdfn] Tof] ;a elg/x]sL 5] .
æhfg] a]nf ePg ltDnfO{ < gq /ft k5{ .Æ olt eg]/ cleif]s cl3
nfUof] .
p;n] 6\ofS;Ldf ;Dk"0f{ ;fdfg /flvlbof] . ha :jl:tdf 6\ofS;Lleq k;L,
p;nfO{ o:tf] nfUof]– s;}n] p;sf] d''6' lems]/ n}hfb}5 . p;nfO{ cyfx
kL8f eof] . :jl:tdfn] ‰ofnsf] l;;f tn emf/L / xft xNnfP/ …afO{ÚegL .
cleif]snfO{ clGtdk6s eP klg uP/ cFufNg dg nfUof] . pm kfOnf
a9fpg} nfu]sf] lyof], rfnsn] 6\ofS;L a9fof] . pm ToxLF cl8of] . 6\jfNn
k/]/ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//Xof] . If0fe/d} 6\ofS;L p;sf] gh/af6 lalng eof] /
;Fu;Fu} :jl:tdf klg .
dgsf] kL8f g t b]vfpg ldNg], g 6\ofan]6 vfP/ lgsf] g} kfg{ ;lsg]
Û g t 3fp x'G5, g t /ut g} au]sf] x'G5, t/ rf]6 < ;a}eGbf a9L Û ToxL
rf]6n] p;nfO{ leq}b]lv sdhf]/ agfOlbof] . pm vfgf vfg;d]t uPg lsr]gdf
. cfFvfaf6 cfF;' gemf/] klg pm leq} leq /f]O{ /Xof] . dfofn] ?jfpF5
eGy] cfh To:t} eof] cleif]snfO{ .
/ftsf] gf} aHg} nfu]sf] lyof] . pm xf]:6]nsf] 5fgfdf uof] .
dDdLnfO{ kmf]g nufof] . t/, g]6js{n] ;fy lbPg . pm cfkm\gL dDdL;Fu
s'/f ug{ rfxGYof] . k]ml/ 6«fO{u¥of] . o;k6s eg] dDdLn] kmf]g
p7fpg'eof] . dDdLsf] cfjfh ;'g]/, p;nfO{ ?g dg nfUof] . t/, p;n] ;a}
j]bgf / efjgf dgdf bafof] . w]/} s'/f gu/L p;n] eGof], d ef]ln 3/ cfpFb}
5' . s;sf] cfdfafa'n] cfkm\gf] ;GtfgnfO{ 3/ cfpF5' eGbf gfOF eGnf / <
dDdLsf] ;dy{gkl5 p;n] kmf]g sf6\of] .
pm ?g yfNof] . o;k6s eg] p;n] cfF;'sf e]n yfDg ;s]g . cfFvfaf6 t//
{ c>'e]n alu/x], p;n] k/]nf;d]t emKsfPg .
cfdfsf] ddtf el/Psf] cfjfhn] p;sf] dgf]an alnof] agfOlbof] . pm
/f]O/Xof] ;'FSs;'FSs ub}{ . p;nfO{ klxnf]kN6 o:tf] dx;'; eof]– cfdfsf]
dfofsf cufl8 ;+;f/df c¿sf] dfof ;w}+ lkmSsf x'Fbf]/x]5 . p;n] cfkm}
+l;t dfkmL dfUof]– hfgL÷ghfgL ePsf cfdf ;Fusf b'Jo{jxf/k|lt . / dgdg}
cfdfsf] dxfg\ ddtfk|lt cfk"mnfO{ C0fL ;lDemof] . pm lg/Gt/
/f]O/Xof] . ;fob ltg} cfF;'af6 dgsf] j]bgf / kL8f au]/ hfFb} lyP .
nueu Ps 306f 5tdf /f]P/ a;]kl5 p;n] dgsf] af]em xn'Ëf] ePsf]
dx;'; u¥of] . /, ef]ln g} 3/ hfg] lg0f{o u/]/ pm d'l:ssn] cf]5\ofgdf
lgbfpg ;Sof] .

)))
lr/a k|;fO{ . pBf]uklt sdn k|;fO{sf] PSnf] 5f]/f . hlt ;'Gb/ gfd 5 .
lr/a x]g{df klg TolQs} cfs{ifs b]lvG5 . p;sf] JolStTjn] p;sf] gfdnfO{
;fy{s u/]eF}m nfU5 . afa'sf] kx'Fr kf6L{sf g]tf–dGqL;Dd 5 . k|z:t
k};f ePs} sf/0f sdn k|;fO{sf] ;dfhdf a]Un} klxrfg / dfg–;Ddfg 5 .
g]tf / dGqL;Fusf] p7a;n] klg sdn k|;fO{nfO{ ;dfhsf dfG5]n] cfb/ /
;Ddfg ug]{ u5{g\ . lr/asf] a'af k|foM a'6jnd} a:g'x'G5 . sf]6]Zj/df
7"nf] ^ tnfsf] 3/ x'Fbf klg lr/a kf6gdf km\Nof6 lnP/ a:5 . sdn
k|;fO{ sf7df8f}+ cfpFbf, ;w}+ cfkm\gf] 3/ sf]6]Zj/df a:g] u5{g\ .
hxfF pgs} efO dgf]h k|;fO{ ;–kl/jf/ a:g'x'G5 . dgf]h dGqfnodf sfd
u5{g\ . cª\sn;Fu /fd|f] ;DaGw gePsfn] lr/a cfkm\g} 3/df ga;L
km\Nof6df a:b} cfPsf] xf] . t/, a'af cfpFbf eg] pm e]6\gnfO{ sf]6]Zj/
hfg] u5{ .
lr/a ToxL s]6f xf] . hf] :d[lt;Fu} k|;fbL Ps]8]dLdf k9\5 . sn]hdf
Ps–csf{nfO{ b]vfb]v u/] klg pgLx¿ af]Nb}gy] . t/, Ps lbg
l8kf6{d]G6n :6f]/df ePsf] e]6n] pgLx¿sf] ;DaGw ldqtfdf kl/0ft eof] .
sn]hdf sd} af]n] klg lr/a / :d[lt cGo 6fOddf eg] k|foM e]6]/ s'/f ug]
{ u5{g\ . slxn]sfxLF ;fyLx¿;Fu 3'Dg hfFbf klg b'j}hgfsf] pkl:ylt x'g]
u5{ . la:tf/}–la:tf/} k]m;a's / kmf]gdf klg oL b'j}sf] s'/f a9L g} x'g
yfNof] . k|foMh;f] k9fOs} ljifodf s'/f x'g] uYof]{ . ;'?sf lbgdf .
kl/l:yltsf] afWotf egf}+ of Odfgbfl/tfsf] cefj, oL b'O{sf]
;ldKonfO{ lnP/ cGo ;fyLx¿n] s'/f sf6\g yfln;s]sf lyP . SoflG6gdf vfhf
vfFbf ;d]t k|foM pgLx¿ ;Fu} b]lvGy] . :d[lt / p;sf cGo ;fyLdfem
slxn]sfxLF lr/a PSn} kYof]{ . vfhf vfFbf lr/an] :d[ltsf] dfq k};f glt/]/
cGo ;fyLx¿sf] klg ltl/lbg] uYof]{ . vf;df lr/a sn]h cfPsf] lbg
:d[ltnufotsf ;fyLx¿nfO{ vfhf vfgdf s'g} ;d:of x'Fb}gYof] .
lr/a x]g{df cfsif{s dfq lyPg, s'/f ug{df klg l;kfn' lyof] . dL7f /
lrNnf s'/f ug{ p;nfO{ s;}n] lhTg ;Sb}gYof] . t/ klg lr/asf sltko s'/fdf
dlxdf ;w}+ c;xdt x'GyL / ts{ljt{s uyL{ . dlxdf l8;L, :d[ltsf] sIffdf
ldNg] ;fyL xf] . p;nfO{ lr/asf s'/f xfjfbf/L nfU5g\ . lr/anfO{ zª\sfsf]
b[li6n] x]g]{ u5]{ . t/ klg p;n] k|ToIf ¿kdf slxNo} :d[ltnfO{ elgg .
lr/an] eg] of] ;a} s'/f a'lem;s]sf] lyof], dlxdfsf] Jojxf/af6 . p;sf]
Jojxf/n] slxn]sfxLF t :d[ltnfO{ klg crDd kfYof]{ . lr/an] t dlxdfsf
w]/}h;f] s'/fnfO{ a]jf:tf g} uYof]{ . pm afWo eP/ dlxdf;Fu af]Ng
k'UYof], :d[ltsf] ldNg] ;fyL ePs} sf/0fn] . u'|kdf :d[lt ;a}eGbf /fd|L
lyO{, To;}n] dlxdfn] O{iof{ u5{] eGg] lr/anfO{ nfUYof] .
a]n'sfsf] ;f9] ;ft alh;s]sf] lyof] . :d[ltsL lbbL clkm;df sfd
ug{ yfn]b]lv k|foM l9n} ?ddf cfOk'Ug'x'G5 . t/, cfh cln a9L g} l9nf]
eO;Sbf ;d]t cfpg'ePsf] lyPg . :d[ltn] Ps–b'O{k6s kmf]g 6«fO{ klg u/L
t/ ;Dks{ x'g ;s]g . pm lbbLsf] kmf]gsf] kvf{Odf lyO{ . t/sf/L
ksfO/xFbf ;do;dodf p;sf cfFvf 6]a'ndf /flvPsf] df]afOndf hfGy] .
TolQs}df df]afOnsf] 306L aHof] . p;n] xQkQ df]afOn x]/L, kmf]g
lr/asf] /x]5 .
æxnf] ÛÆ p;n] r'nf]df Uof; ;fgf] kfb}{ egL .
æx]nf] Û s] ub}{5f} < cfO{ Xofe d]8 c Knfg ÛÆ lr/an] eGof] .
æd t/sf/L ksfpFb} 5' .Æ p;n] egL, æx]/ g Û lbbL g} cfpg'eÚsf]
5}g clxn];Dd .Æ p;n] lr/asf] Knfg ;'Gg'eGbf klg cfkm\g} ;d:of kf]vL .
ælsg / < sxfF hfg'eÚsf] lyof] <Æ lr/an] rf;f] lbFb} ;f]Wof] .
æs] yf dnfO{ Û kmf]g klg u/]sf] nfu]g, clkm;af6 ;w}+ t
6fOdd} cfpg''x'GYof] .Æ p;n] egL .
æ8f]G6 jf]/L Û lbbL cfOxfNg'x'G5 .Æ lr/an] ;DemfpFb} eGof] .
æcF, s] Knfg eg]sf] ltDn] <Æ :d[ltn] ;f]wL .
æef]lnsf] Knfg, d'eL x]g{ hfg] .Æ
lr/asf] Knfg ;'g]/ crDd dfGb} :d[ltn] ;f]wL, æsf]–sf] hfFb} 5f} .
clg s'g d'eL lg <Æ
æltDn] …abnfk'/Ú x]g]{ dg 5 eg]sf] x}g < d}n] ef]ln
lbpF;f]sf] b'O{j6f l6s6 lnO;s]F .Æ lr/an] eGof] .
æv} d t hfFlbgF xf]nf .Æ :d[ltn] l;w} hjfkm lbO{ .
ælsg lg < d}n] t l6s6 NofO;s]F . To:tf] sxfF eGg kfp5f} ca Û
ef]ln !! ah]lt/ /]8L eO/fv .Æ lr/an] eGof] .
æs] /], d}n] l6s6 lng eg]sf] lyPF / ltDnfO{ < s:tf] dfG5] s] ltdL
ÛÆ :d[lt kmf]gdf RofFl7Fb} lyO{, 9f]sf 9s9s u/]sf] cfjfh cfof] . ;fob
lbbL cfpg'eof] .
ækl5 s'/f u5'{ n ÛÆ p;n] kmf]g sf6L / 9f]sf vf]Ng uO{ .
csf]{ lbg, nueu !! alh;s]sf] lyof] . :d[lt lr/anfO{ hfjnfv]n rf]sdf
kflv{/x]sL lyO{ . 3/L xftsf] 38Ldf 6fOd x]b}{ lyO{ t 3/L df]afOndf .
p;nfO{ Ps l5g t kmf]g u/f}+ h:tf] klg nfu]sf] lyof] . t/ k]ml/ ;f]rL,
laxfg g} w]/} s'/f eO;s]sf] 5, Ps l5gdf t cfOk'U5 xf]nf gL . geGb}
p;s} ;fd' lr/a afOsdf cfOk'Uof] . :d[ltnfO{ ;'?df t lrGg} ufx|f] eof] .
pm ;fFlRrs} cfsif{s b]lvGYof] . lr/an] 6fpsf]af6 x]nd]6 x6fpFb}
eGof], æjfp ⁄ o' n's uf]lh{o; .Æ :d[ltnfO{ klg s]xL eGg dg nfu]sf]
lyof] . t/, To;cl3 g} p;n] lr/an] u/]sf] tfl/kmdf k|ltlqmof lbO{,
æl/oNnL <Æ
lr/an] k'gM x]nd]6 6fpsf]df nufof] / df]6/;fOsndf a:g Ozf/f
u¥of] . cfwf 306fd} pgLx¿ l;len dn k'u] . d"lesf] zf] z'? x'g cem} !
306feGbf a9L afFsL lyof] . ;ftf}+ tnfdf k'Ug} nfUbf :d[ltn] ;f]wL,
æzf] slt ah]sf] xf] lg <Æ
lr/an] t'?Gt hjfkm lbof], æ! ah]sf] ÛÆ :d[ltn] 38L x]/L . aNn,
kf}g] !@ aHg cfF6]sf] lyof] . ca s] ug]{, ce}m Ps 306f afFsL 5 .
TolQs}df lr/an] eGof], æ/]i6'/]G6 hfg] <Æ
:d[ltn] ghfg] ;ª\s]t lbFb} 6fpsf] xNnfO{ . lr/an] :d[ltnfO{ g} s]
ug]{ eg]/ ;f]Rg afWo agfof] . Ps l5g ;f]r]/ :d[ltn] egL, æhfd\ g af]lnË
ug{ Û d}n] slxn] lg u/]sf] 5}g .Æ
b'j}hgf u]d hf]gdf k|j]z u/] . lr/an] :d[ltnfO{ an lbFb} ;'?
ug{ cfu|x u¥of] . cGhfg :d[ltnfO{ s'g} cfOl8of g} ePg To;}n] p;n]
egL, æk}n] ltdL clg d u5'{ s] .Æ
æn]l8h km:6{ ÛÆlr/an] cfb/sf ;fy eGof] / k'gM cfu|x u¥of] .
ægfOF, s] Û dnfO{ cfpFb}g ÛÆ :d[ltn] an lr/anfO{ ydfOlbO{ .
æcf]s] ÛÆ an :d[ltnfO{ xf]N8 ug{ eGb} p;n] eGof], æd
l;sfpF5' lg, n Û o;/L ;dft t of] annfO{ .Æ p;n] l;sfpg yfNof] . æo" gf]
jfglyË < uN;{ n's :df6{ Xj]g b] 6]s Olgl;o;G;\ .Æ
af]lnË ug}{ cfF6]sL :d[lt lr/asf] s'/f ;'g]/ pmlt/ kmls{O{ / egL,
æcf] Û xf] / <Æ
lr/an] enfbdL kf/fn] 6fpsf] xNnfof] . :d[ltn] an kmfnL . æjfpÛÆ
lr/an] k|f]T;fxgk"j{s eGof] .
v]ln;s]kl5 xfF:b} b'j}hgf aflx/ lgl:sFb} lyP, :d[ltn] 38L x]/L .
ce}m #) ldg]6 afFsL lyof] ! aHg .
p;n] egL, ædnfO{ of] d"lesf] ;ª r}+ clt dg k5{ . hLgf hLgf===
.Æ pm u'gu'gfpg yfnL .
 TolQs}df lr/asf] df]afOn aHof] . æx]nf] ÛÆ lr/a cln 6f9f uP/ s'/f
ug{ yfNof] . :d[ltn] klg cfkm\gf] df]afOn lemsL .
æcf]O{ :d[lt ÛÆ glhs}af6 l/lbdf lrNnfO{ . l/lbdfsf] 7"nf] cfjfhn]
:d[lt em;ª\u eO{ . :d[ltn] crDd dfGb} ;f]wL, ætF Û s] ub}{5];\ oxfF
<Æ
l/lbdfn] pN6} k|Zg u/L, ætF eg\ k}n] dnfO{, tF oxfF s] ub}
{5];\ PSn} <Æ :d[lt csdsfpg yfnL, p;n] k/af6 cfO/x]sf] lr/anfO{ x]b}
{ egL, æd'eLx]g{ cfÚsf] .Æ
æxF ÛÆ l/lbdf tLg5Ss k/L, æPSn}PSn} d'eL x]g{ cfO;\ tF <Æ
lr/a glhs} cfO;s]sf] lyof] . :d[ltnfO{ s] egf}+ s] egf}+ eof] /
cGTodf egL, æx}g Û pM lr/a ÛÆ lr/an] …xfO{Ú eGof] / d';'Ss xfF:of]
.
æpm r}+ d]/f] ;fyL l/lbdf, la|h sf];{sf] ldNg] ;fyL .Æ l/lbdfn]
klg lr/anfO{ xfO{ eGb} clejfbg u/L .
l/lbdf;Fu} plePsf] !)–!@ jif{sf] afnsnfO{ b]v]/ :d[ltn] ;f]wL, æpm
afa' r}+ sf] xf] lg <Æ
lr/asf] df]afOndf k]ml/ 306L aHof] . pm cln k/ uP/ s'/f ug{ yfNof] .
ælbbLsf] 5f]/f xf] . p;nfO{ u]d v]Ng'kg]{ To;}n] NofOlbPsf] . d r}+
lbbLnfO{ e]6\g cfsf] y]F, s;f] tF;Fu klg e]6 eP5 .Æ l/lbdfn] egL .
p;sf] s'/f ;lsg gkfpFb} :d[ltn] ;f]wL xfnL, ælbbL < sxfF x'g'x'G5
/ <Æ
æoxL y8{ km\nf]/df lbbLsf] k;n 5 Sof .Æ
pgLx¿ ldNg] ;fyL x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sn]h leGg} ePsfn] k|foM sd}
e]6 x'G5 .
æ:d[lt, zf] 6fOd eof] hfd .Æ lr/an] glhs} cfP/ eGof] .
æl/lbdfn] lr/anfO{ x]/L / egL, æ! ah]sf] xf] <Æ
:d[ltnfO{ cK7\of/f] dx;'; eO/x]sf] lyof] . p;n] ;f]r]sL klg lyOg,
l/lbdf e]l6G5] eg]/ . Ps l5g v} s] ;f]rL / egL, æl/ Û lxF8\ g tF klg
lkmlnd x]g{ .Æ
 lr/aaf6 gh/ x6fP/ l/lbdfn]] egL, ægfOF Û d x]lb{gF . hfcf]
ltdLx¿ . afa' klg 5 d;Fu .Æ lr/a :d[lt;Fu PSn} lkmlnd x]g{ rfxGYof], t/
l/lbdfsf] ;'Gb/tf b]v]/ p;nfO{ l/lbdf;Fu glhs x'g dg nfUof] .
p;n] w]/} ;f]Rb} g;f]rL eGof], æl/lbdf,cfpm g ltdL klg .Æ lr/asf]
pT;'stf b]v]/ :d[ltn] lr/alt/ x]/L . lr/asf] ;Dk"0f{ Wofg l/lbdflt/} lyof] .
aLr}df l/lbdfn] egL, æx}g Û d ghfg] . ltdLx¿nfO{ l9nf] x'Fb}5, hfcf]
.Æ
)))
lkmNd, x]/]/ aflx/ lgl:sFb} ubf{ :d[ltn] egL, æs] xf] < ltdL t
l/lbdfl;t v'a} Snf]h eP/ s'/f ub}{ lyof} t . dg k¥of] <Æ
csldsFb} p;n] eGof], æTo:tf] s]xL x}g, kfgLk'/L vfg] xf] <Æ
:d[lt p;nfO{ x]/]/ xfF;L . b'j}hgf l;len dncufl8 /flvPsf] :6ndf
kfgLk'/L vfg yfn] . :d[ltnfO{ eg] stfstf cK7\of/f] nflu/x]sf] lyof] .
c¿ s'g} lrg]sf] dfG5] e]l6G5 ls eg]/ . p;n] laxfg dlxdfnfO{ lkmNd
x]g{ hfpmF eg]/ l/Sj]:6klg u/]sL lyO{ . t/, dlxdf cfpg dflgg . ;fob
dlxdf;Fu} ePsf] eP :d[ltn] c;xh dx;'; ug]{ lyOg .
kfgLk'/L vfO;s]kl5 :d[ltn] egL, æltdL a:g] sflndf6L x}g <Æ lr/a
cln cndndf k¥of] . klxnf] e]6d} p;n] :d[ltnfO{ 9fF6]sf] lyof] . æxf] Û
lsg / <Æ p;n] eGof] .
æd]/f] dtna Û d PSn} uOxfN5', ltDnfO{ pN6f] k5{ lg t .Æ
:d[ltsf] s'/fn] lr/a leq}leq eml:sof] . /, eGof] s]xL pN6f] x'Fb}g .
afOsdf cfwf 306f t xf] lg .Æ p;n] lh2L u¥of] . cGttM lr/an]
:d[ltnfO{ ToxL 7fpFdf 5f]l8lbof], h'g 7fpFaf6 laxfg pgLx¿ ;Fu}
lkmlnd x]g{ cfPsf lyP . 5'l§g] a]nfdf p;n] :d[ltnfO{ …Yofª\s o' ÛÚ
eGof] / d';'Ss xfF:of] .
ælsg lg <Æ :d[ltn] ;f]wL t/ p;n] hjfkm lbPg . afOs :6f6{ u¥of] .
…afO{ ÛÚ eGof] / x'OFlsof] .
)))
3/ eg]sf] 3/ g} x'Fbf] /x]5 . cleif]s cfkm\gf] kl/jf/;Fu /dfpg
yfNof] . dgsf] kL8f e'Ng t sxFf ;SYof] . t/ klg p;nfO{ s]xL dfqfdf /fxt
ldNof] . cfdfa'jf / alxgLsf] dfofn] p;nfO{ s]xL knsf nflu eP klg d'6'
laemfpg] k|]dnfO{ la;{g d2t u¥of] . t/, pm k]ml/ sf7df8f}+
kmls{g'kg]{ afWotf 5 . p;sf] cWoog, ;fy} sIff !! sf] jflif{s k/LIff klg
cfpg yfn]sf]n] pm b'O{ lbg dfq 3/ a;L sf7df8f}+ kmls{of] .
a; u'8\of] sf7df8f}+sf nflu . p;n] k]ml/ PSnf] dx;'; ug{ yfNof] .
dl:tisdf el/Psf] :jl:tdfsf] ofbn] p;nfO{ k]ml/ k5\ofpg yfNof] . Tof] nfdf]
ofqfdf p;n] s]jn cfkm\gf] ljut ;lDemof] . :jl:tdf;Fu ePsf lttfdL7f If0f
;lDemof] / cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ Pp6f bofsf] kfqsf ¿kdf kfof] .
p;nfO{ :jl:tdfk|lt s'g} ;Gb]x 5}g . of] ;a x'g'df p;n] kl/l:yltnfO{ bf]ifL
7x¥ofof] . t/, :jl:tdfnfO{ bf]if lbPg . p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ ug]{ dfof ;fFrf]
lyof] . g t pm :jl:tdfnfO{ bf]if nufpg ;S5, g 3[0ff ug{ g} . p;n] dfof
uYof]{, dfof u5{ / ;fob ef]lnsf lbgx¿df klg dfof ul//xg]5 .
sf7df8f}+ cfPkl5 klg p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ kmf]g ug{ rfx]g . pm
rfxGgYof], p;}sf] sf/0fn] :jl:tdfnfO{ l8:6a{ xf];\ . dgn] :jl:tdf;Fu s'/f
ug{ rflx/x]sf] lyof] eg] dl:tisn] gug'{ g} a]; 7fGof] . t/, cGTodf
dgsf] ;fd' dl:tissf] xf/ eof] . p;n] @)&@ ;fn a}zfv !@ ut] zlgaf/sf] lbg,
laxfgsf] !! ah]lt/ :jl:tdfsL dDdLsf] gDa/df kmf]g nufof] . ;+hf]ujz,
kmf]g :jl:tdfn] p7fO{, æx]nf] ÛÆ
:jl:tdfsf] cfjfhn], Ps l5gsf nflu eP klg p;sf] dgnfO{ zflGt ldNof] .
eGof], Æ :jl:tdf Û d ltdLnfO{ e]6\g rfxG5', lklnh Psk6s dfq} .Æ
ældNb}g . cfh xfdL uf]bfj/L 3'Dg hfFb} 5f}+ .Æ kmf]g sfl6of],
p;n] k]ml/ kmf]g ug]{ ;fx;} u/]g .
dg lvGg kf/]/ pm a]8df klN6/x]sf] lyof] . crfgs a]8 xlNng yfNof]
. nueu !!M%& ah]sf] lyof] . k"/} xf]:6]n g} xlNng yfNof] . oqtqaf6
dfG5]x¿ s/fPsf] cfjfh ;'lgg yfNof] . ;a} ljBfyL{ xf]:6]ncufl8sf] v'nf
d}bfglt/ bf}l8Fb} lyP . cleif]s klg Tot} bf}l8of] . d'6' g} xNnfpg] u/L
cfPsf] e"OFrfnf]n] dfG5]x¿ /f]O{–s/fO{ ug{ yfn] . cleif]snfO{ klg
nfUof]– cfh sfn g} cfPsf] 5 . df]afOndf g]6js{ g} lyPg . ha p;n]
kmf]g ug{ vf]Hof] . pm :jl:tdfsf] af/]df a'‰g rfxGYof] . p;n] :jl:tdfsL
dDdLsf] gDa/df km]l/ kmf]g ug{ vf]Hof] . t/, ;a} l;Ugn cj?4 e};s]sf
lyP . p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] eGbf a9L :jl:tdfsf] lrGtf nfUg yfNof] .
uf]/vfsf] af/kfs s]Gb|ljGb" agfO{ cfPsf] &=* /]S6/ :s]nsf] pSt
dxfe"sDkn] xhf/f}+sf]] Hofg lnP/ uof] . nfvf}+ 3/ / ;+/rgf w"ln;ft
eP . P]ltxfl;s ;Dkbfx¿ v08x/ eP . sf7df8f}+sf] s]Gb|df /x]sf] w/f]x/
dflgg] 3/x/f;d]t elTsof] . dfG5]x¿sf] larNnL eof], v'nf 7fpF jf ;8sdf
Hofg hf]ufpg bf}l8P . dfgjLo ;Fu;Fu} e"sDkn] c/af}+sf] ef}lts Iflt
k'¥ofof] .
lbgel/ e"sDksf ;fgf7"nf k/fsDkgx¿ uO/x]sfn] dfG5]df qf; emg a9]/
cfof] . xhf/f}+n] 3/af/ u'dfP . sltn] afa'cfdf t sltn] 5f]/f5f]/L, s;}n]
>Ldfg\–>LdtL t s;}n] k|]dL–k|]ldsf u'dfP . ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf]
dxfe"sDkn] k"/} b]znfO{ zf]sdf 8'afof] . sf]xLsf]xL efUon] afFRg
;kmn eP, sltko 3fOt] eP/ v'nf cfsfzd'lg lrRofO/x]sf] cj:yf lyof] .
oftfoftb]lv lah'nL, kfgL / 6]lnkmf]gb]lv a}lsª ;]jf ;a} cj?4 eP .
sf7df8f}+sf s}of}+ kSsL3/ ;d]t rls{P . sltko 3/ elTsgaf6 hf]luP
klg dfG5]x¿ qf;n] 3/df a:g ;s]gg\ . dxndf a:g]x¿ ;8sdf cfP .
em'k8Ldf, k]6Ldf a:g] / 7"n7"nf dxndf a:g]x¿ Pp6} kfnd'lg b]lvP .
zx/sf dfG5]x¿ :jfyL{ x'G5g\ eGg] w]/}n] 7fG5g\ . Jo:t hLJfgsf]
afWotfn] klg xf]nf o:tf] b]lvPsf] . t/, of] k|sf]kn] dfG5]df dfgjtf
hufOlbof], yf]/} dfqfdf eP klg . dfG5]x¿ ;s];Dd Ps–csf{nfO{ ;xof]u
ul//x]sf] b]Vbf cleif]snfO{ v'a} cfgGb nfUof] .
lbglbg} 7"nf–;fgf xhf/f}+ k/fsDkg hfg] qmd hf/L lyof] .
dfG5]x¿n] /fhwfgLdf a:g c;'/lIft dx;'; ug{ yfn] .
la:tf/} pkTosf 5f]8L aflx/ hfg] qmd a9\of] . 3/af6
cleif]snfO{ kms]{/ cfpg eg]kl5, pm klg s]xL lstfa af]s]/ 3/
kmls{of] . s]xL lbgkl5 ;'? x'g] sIff !@ / !! sf] k/LIff klg :yuLt eof] .
dfG5]sf] hghLjg cToGt} si6s/ aGb} uof] . oftfoft 7Kk x'Fbf vfB ;fdfu|
Lsf] cefj a9\g yfNof] . / ;Fu;Fu} dxª\uL klg a9\of] . e"sDkn] x/]s
If]qnfO{ g/fd|/L c;/ k'¥ofof] . k|s[lt g} l/;fPkl5 s:sf] s] rNYof] / Û
)))
 3/df cleif]snfO{ k9\gsf nflu /fd|} jftfj/0f eP klg p;n] Wofg
s]lGb|t ug{ ;s]g . lstfa lnP/ k9\g a:bf a9Lh;f] ;do pm ;f]rd} stfstf
x/fpFYof] . :jl:tdfsf] ;Demgf p;nfO{ Tolt cfPg . dfg;k6ndf 5flkPsf
sf7df8f}+sf bb{gfs t:jL/ p;sf] cfFvf;fd' emNemnL cfpg yfn] . tx;gx;
ePsf] sf7df8f}+ zx/ / nf;dfly nf; y'kfl/Psf] p;n] cfkm\g} cfFvfn]
b]v]sf] lyof] . kqklqsf / 6]lnlehgdf cfpg] ;dfrf/df klg uf]/vf, bf]nvf /
l;Gw'kfNrf]snufot lhNnfsf x[boljbf/s ;dfrf/ dfq} cfpy] .
slt 6'x'/f eP/ /f]O/x]sf 5g\, slt ljw'jf eP/ . o:tf dg} s6Ss kfg]
{ b'MvbfoL kl/l:yltsf ;fd' cleif]ssf] kL8f t xfQLsf] d'vdf lh/fh:t} lyof] .
s]xL lbgcufl8 p;nfO{ cfk"m dfq ulx/f] kL8fdf ePsf] / afFsL ;a} v';L
5g\ eGg] nfUYof] . h;n] ubf{ p;nfO{ a9L g} kL8f ePsf] lyof] . t/,
clxn] l;Ëf] b]z g} zf]sdf 8'a]sf] a]nf p;n] cfkm\gf] j/k/ b'Mv}b'Mv
kfof] . ca pm dfq b'MvL 5}g, c¿ ;f/f kL8f / b'Mvd} 5g\ . p;n]
cfk"mnufot ;a} dfG5]df ;dfgtf kfof] . t'ngfTds ¿kdf p;n] cfkm\gf]
kL8f cToGt yf]/} kfof] .
3/d} /xFbf klg p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;Dks{ ug{ vf]h]sf] lyof] . t/, Tof]
kmnbfoL ePg . pm hfGg rfxGYof] . :jl:tdf lhljt} 5] eg]/ . s]xL
;fyLx¿;Fu dfq p;n] s'/f ug{ ;Sof] . o:t} k|lts"n kl/l:yltsf aLr pm
cfkm\gf] k/LIffsf] tof/Ldf Jo:t x'g rfxGYof] . t/, dg Psfu| ug{ ufx|f] .
kf7\oqmdsf w]/} Rofk6/p;nfO{ gf}nf nfu] . k|]ddf x'Fbf p;sf] k|
fyldstfdf :jl:tdf lyO{ . p;n] ;'Gb/ ;+;f/sf] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] lyof] . / ToxL
hLjg lhpg] ;kgfdf afFlr/xFbf p;n] cWoogdf dg nufpg ;s]sf] lyPg .
clxn] cfP/ p;nfO{ kf7\oqmd lgNg' g cf]s]Ng' e}+m eof] .
)))
sIff !! sf] hfFr ;lsPnut} !@ sf sIffx¿ ;+rfng x'g yfln;s]sf lyP . t/,
cleif]snfO{ k6Ss} sn]h hfg dg 5}g . p;n] pd]znfO{ kmf]g u¥of],
æcfh e]6'd\ g ÛÆ
pd]zn] sn]h hfg'kg]{] afWotf b]vfof] . k/LIff ;lsPsf] nueu
xKtflbg e};s]sf] lyof] . cleif]snfO{ PSnf]kgn] ;fx}| ;tfO/x]sf]n] pm
pd]z;Fu e]6\g rfxfGYof] . p;n] lh2L u/]/ eP klg pd]znfO{ dgfof] . /, Ps
306fkl5 cfkm" cfpg] k|lta4tf hgfof] .
klxn] c;fWo} dfof–k|Lltsf uLt ;'Gg] cleif]s cfhef]ln k|foM
PsfGtdf a;]/ 6f]nfpg] u5{ . p;nfO{ cfhef]ln k|]duLtn] ;d]t rf]6 lbg
yfn]sf 5g\ . x/]s uLtn] af]Ng] efjdf e"m6f] k|lta4tf 5 eGg]
p;nfO{ nfUg yfNof] . dfG5]x¿sf] ;d"xdf a:g klg p;nfO{ dg kb}{g .
c¿sf /dfOnf s'/f p;sf nflu d'6'df laemfpg] hª\unL sfF8fh:t} ePsf 5g\ .
af6f] lxF8\bf xf];\ of vfgf vfFbf, pm Psbd} uDeL/ b]lvG5 cr]n . pm
leq}leq uln;s]sf] 5 . 6'qmf6'qmf eP/ 5/ki6 5l/Psf] 5 . s'/f bafP/ d'6'df
o;/L /fv]sf] 5– /flt cf]5\ofgdf x'Fbf dgsf j]bgfx¿ eSsflgP/ cfpF5g\ /
cfFvfaf6 cfF;' cgfof;} au]/ hfG5g\ .
s'g} lbg ;+;f/ lhTg ;Sg] tfst lbPsf] dfofn] cfh p;nfO{ sdhf]/
kfl/lbPsf] 5 . t/ klg of] ;a p;n] s;}nfO{ eg]sf] 5}g . of] kL8fsf] ;fu/
p;}sf] dgdf 5 / d'6'df 7'n7"nf 5fn xflg/x]sf] 5 . dgleqsf] Tof] ;fu/
nxl/Fbf pm klg ;';]N5 . o:tf] k|f0f3fts kL8f s]jn p;nfO{ dfq yfxf 5 /
p;}n] ef]lu/x]sf] 5 .
eG5g\– v';L af8\gfn] a9\5, b'Mv af8\gfn] 36\5 . ;fob cleif]sn]
klg b'Mv afF8]sf] eP s]xL /fxt x'g] lyof] xf]nf . t/, kl/l:yltn] To;f]
x'g ;s]g . ha pm :jl:tdf;Fu lyof] p;n] c¿ s;}sf] cfjZostf dx;'; u/]g .
dgsf x/]s s'/f p;}nfO{ eGg] uYof]{ . ca p;sf] dgnfO{ a'‰g] :jl:tdf
ToxL d'6'df nft xfg]/ k/fO{ eO;s]sL 5 .
k|]dsf s'/f hlxn] hxfF kfof] ToxLF cf]sNg' pko'St klg 5}g xfd|
f] ;dfhdf . dfofk|]d ug'{ of] ;dfhsf] gh/df kfk xf] . dfG5]x¿ dhfs agfP/
a:5g\ . To;}n] t k|]dLx¿ k|foM afWo x'G5g\, dgdf s'/fx¿sf] ufF7f] kf/]/
a:g . dfofsf] cefjdf ToxL ufF7f] s'g} lbg km'S5 / Tolta]nf of t ck/fw
x'G5 of cfTdxTof . o;sf] lhDd]jf/ sf]xL klg x'Fb}g, ca t of] Ps k/Dk/f
h:t} eO;Sof] . g t cfF;'sf] d"No s;}n] a'‰5 oxfF, g Hofgsf] . g t
wf]sf lbg]nfO{ kfk nfU5 g t sfg"g g} . a;\ Û dfG5]x¿ kl/:yltsf]
kmfObf lgofNb} a:5g\ . ;fob efjgfsf] sb/ d[To'kl5 x'G5 xf]nf .
 cleif]s emf]nf le/]/ pd]znfO{ e]6\g lgl:sof] . af6f]sf] 5]paf6 pm
nv/nv/ lxF8\b} lyof] . 3/L df]6/;fOsnsf] xg{n] p;nfO{ em:sfpFYof] t
3/L sf/sf] . af6f]cufl8 k"/} hfd lyof] . p;n] cufl8;Dd x]¥of] / af6f]sf]
lsgf/}lsgf/ df]6/;fOsnnfO{ 5Nb} lxF8\g yfNof] . yf]/} ;fO8 kfpg}
x'Gg, hfddf k/]sf] a]nfdf klg afOs 3';fpFb} lxF8\5g\ afOsjfnf . clg
hfdsf] ufF7f] emg sl;G5 .
af6f]s} lsgf/df nueu !)–!@ jif{sf] afns Knfli6s ;d]6]/ y}nfdf
xfNb} u/]sf] cleif]sn] k/}af6 b]Vof] . pSt afnsn] ;8s lsgf/sf] Knfli6s
p7fO/xFbf, Pshgf cln enfbdL b]lvg] df]6/;fOsn rfnsn] Ps–b'O{k6s
xg{ ahfof] . t/, s]xL dfq Knfli6s ;d]6\g afFsL ePsf]n] afns cfFlQb}
l6Kb} lyof] . pm cln 8/fP h:tf] klg b]lvGYof] . TolQs}df pSt enfbdL
dfG5] s/fof], æP Û vft], xg{ ahfPsf] ;'lgg;\ .Æ afns pSt cfjfh ;'g]/
k5fl8 gx]/Lsg} s'b\of] / k;nsf] ;fO8df uP/ pleof] . cleif]s klg ToxL
k;ndf cfO{ r'/f]6 tfGb} lyof] . p;n] ;a} s'/f a8f] Wofg lbP/ x]l//x]sf]
lyof] .
hfd v'n]5 Sof/] uf8Lx¿ 3'/{/ ug{ yfn] . cleif]snfO{ crDd t ta
nfUof], ha Tof] enfbdL dfG5]sf] afOs k5fl8 a;]sL gfgLn] lrhansf] vfnL
Kofs]6 ;8sdf kmfnL / pSt afnsn] p7fP/ y}nfdf xfNof] .
cleif]snfO{ pSt afnsk|lt dfof nfu]/ cfof] . p;n] la:s'6 lsGof] /
afnsnfO{ lbFb} eGof], æefO of] la:s'6 n]pm Û afnsn]
cleif]snfO{ 3f]l/P/ lxl//Xof] . . cleif]sn] Ps kfOnf cl3 ;/]/ k]ml/ eGof],
ænf} vfpm .Æ afnsn] z/L/ 9fSg e'mqf sk8f nufPsf] lyof] . z/L/ /
sk8fsf] d}nf] klg p:t} lyof] .
afnsnfO{ la:s'6 lbP/ cleif]s lxF8\of] . af6f]el/ ;f]Rg yfNof]– Tof]
enfbdL, 7"nf] dfG5]n] u/]sf] lgr Jojxf/sf] af/]df . p;n] k|of]u u/]sf]
efiff / x]kfxf z}nL cleif]snfO{ k6Ss} dg k/]g . afns vft] xf]Og . pm t
zx/ :jR5 /fVg] sd{hLjL xf] . Knfli6s l6k]/ afFRg' p;sf] afWotf xf], /x/
xf]Og . pm lar/f t vfg} kfpFb}g s;/L vft] < a? vft] t xfdL xf}+ .
vfFb}, km\ofFSb} cfk"m a:g] zx/ kmf]x/ kfb}{ lxF8\5f}+ . pSt afns
p;nfO{ dxfg\ nfUof], tyfslyt zx/ a? vft] nfUof] .
 wgL jf 7"nf] ePs} sf/0fn] xf]nf, o:tf dfG5]x¿n] ;fob c¿sf]
cl:tTjnfO{ :jLsfb}{gg\ . dgdf o:t} s'/f v]nfpFb} pm k|b{zgL
dfu{df /x]sf] Pp6f /]i6'/]G6df cfOk'Uof] . hxfF p;nfO{ kv]{/ pd]z
al;/x]sf] lyof] . w]/}kl5 e]l6Psf oL b'O{n] xft ldnfP/ cª\sdfn u/] .
cleif]s Tolt ;fx|f] uf]/f], pHofnf] geP klg p;sf] d'xf/ ;w}+ xFl;nf]
x'GYof] . t/, cfh pd]zn] p;sf] xFl;nf] d'xf/df afbn 5fPsf] b]Vof] .
b'j}hgf 6]a'ndf 6F;fP/ /flvPsf s';L{ ;f/]/ a;] .
æk/LIff s:tf] eof] <Æ pd]zn] sfFrsf lunf;df kflg vGofpFb}
;f]Wof] . cleif]sn] lunf;sf] kfgL rgSs lkof] . nfdf] ;f; k]m¥of] / eGof],
æ7Ls} .Æ
p;sf] 5f]6f] hjfkm / ylst x'lnof b]v]/ pd]znfO{ s]xL unt ePem}+
nfUof] . p;n] ;f]lwxfNof], ætFnfO{ ;~r} t 5 <Æ
cleif]sn] r'/f]6 d'vdf /fVof] / Ps gh/ pd]zlt/ x]¥of] . clg ‰jf//
nfO6/ afn]/ r'/f]6 tfGg yfNof] . p;sf] crDdsf] x/stn] pd]znfO{ cem
zª\sf nfu]/ cfof] / ;f]Wof], æs] ePsf] 5 of/, s]xL t eg\ .Æ cleif]s 5fgflt/
x]/]/ w'jfF p8fpFb} lyof] . Ps l5g t p;n] ;f]Rof] klg ;a} j[tfGt
atfOlbpmF eg]/ . t/, k]ml/ p;nfO{ nfUof]– ca Tof] sxfgLsf] s'g}
cy{ 5}g .
pm pd]zlt/ x]/]/ cln d':s'/fof] / eGof], æs]xL efsf] 5}g of/ Û
lxGb} cfPsf]n] cln ysfO nfu]sf] dfq xf] . a? eg t]/f] OUhfd s:tf] ePsf]
5 <Æ
æ;f]r]h:tf] ePg Û t/ klg /fd|} esf] 5 . a'jf la/fdL ePsf]n] cln
k9fOdf kmf]s; x'g kfOPg .Æ pd]zn] olt egL g;Sb} cleif]sn] k]ml/
;f]Wof], æclg :d[ltsf] lg < ltdLx¿sf] ;DaGw s:tf] rln/x]sf] 5 <Æ
æp;sf] klg /fd|f] ef 5 . ;a 7Ls 5 of/ Û xfd|f] l/n]zg cem k|uf9
ePsf] 5 . vf;df e"sDkkl5 .Æ olt eg]/ pd]z xfF:g yfNof] . ;Fu;Fu} cleif]s
klg xfF:of] / eGof], æeg]kl5 ltdLx¿sf] k|]dnfO{ e"sDkn] klg s]xL ug{
;s]g x}g t <Æ b'j}hgf unNn xfF;] .
6]a'ndf vfg]s'/f c8{/ u/]adf]lhd cfof] . cleif]sn] pd]zsf] v';L
b]v]/ dgdg} cfk"mnfO{ lwSsf¥of] . p;nfO{ nfUof]– cfk"m dfq}
cefuL /x]5' . p;n] k]ml/ r'/f]6 ;Nsfof] . Tof] b]v]/ pd]zn] eGof], æcle
tF cr]n w]/} g} r'/f]6 vfg yfln;\ of/ . cleif]sn] g;'g]e}+m u¥of] /
dgdg} eGof], …t]/f] kf] hLJfgdf dfofsf] ;fy 5 . d]/f] ;fy t oxL r'/f]6 t
xf] lg .Ú
æefO Û lan Nofpm .Æ pd]z s/fof] . TolQs}df cleif]sn] eGof],
æcfO{ lyª\s, o' cf/ nSsL .Æ
æs] /] <Æ pd]zn] cfZrfo{ dfGb} ;f]Wof] . cleif]sn] k]ml/ eGof], ætF
efUodfgL /}5;\ . :d[lth:tL ;'Gb/ / dfof ug]{ un{k|]mG8 kfsf] 5;\ .Æ
s]6f]n] 6]a'ndf ;Vv/–;f]Fk / lan /fv]/ uof] . pd]zn] cleif]ssf]
s'/fnfO{ Wofg lbPg . p;n] lan x]b}{ k;{ lemSof] . Tof] b]v]/ cleif]sn]
eGof], æk};f d lt5'{ . k;{ lemSg kb}{g .Æ pd]zn] lh2L u¥of], ækb}
{g . dl;t 5 k};f .Æ pd]zn] lan xftdf lnof] / k]ml/ efOnfO{ af]nfof] .
ætF ;fFlRrs} k|]d u5{;\ x}g :d[ltnfO{ <Æ cleif]sn] k]ml/
;f]Wof] . pd]zn] lansf] k};f lbFb} eGof], æu5'{ of/ Û d}n] dfq x}g
xfdL b'j} Ps–csf{nfO{ ;fFrf] / rf]vf]Kof/ u5f}{+ . clg lax] klg ug]{ xf]
.Æ
cleif]snfO{ Ps l5g t lvTsf 5f]8]/ xfF:g dg nfu]sf] lyof] . t/, p;n]
cfkm}+nfO{ ;DxfNof] / dgdg} xfF:of] .
æhfd lxF8\ ca . cfh t}+n] ubf{ d sn]h lg hfg kfOgF .Æ olt eg]/
pd]z p7\of] . cleif]sn] p;sf] s'/fnfO{ Wofg} lbPg . p;n] klxn]s}
s'/fnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbb}+ eGof], æu'8 Û :d[ltnfO{ wf]sfr}+ glbg' lg .
t}+n] p;nfO{ wf]sf lbO;\ eg] d t]/f] xft v'§f efFlrlbG5' a'lem;\ ÛÆ
pd]znfO{ cfh cleif]s Psbd} a]Un} nfUof] p;sf] s'/f ug]{ z}nL /
lg/fz r]x]/fn] a]Un} s'/fsf] cfef; lbO/x]sf] lyof] .
æx}g, s] esf] 5 cfh tFnfO{ . clha clhasf] s'/f u5{;\ t .Æ
æs]xL esf] 5}g of/ ÛÆ pd]z p7]sf] b]v]/ cleif]sn] xft tfGb}
eGof], æa;\ g a; Û ltdLx¿sf] emu8f kb}{g slxNo} klg <Æ
æk5{ lg ÛÆ pd]zn] eGof], æs}n]sfxLF t ;fdfGo s'/fdf klg .Æ
æclg <Æ cleif]sn] pT;'stfsf ;fy ;f]Wof] .
æclg s] < ;/L eGg] lg Û vf;df uNtL hf];'s}sf] eP klg s]xL ;dokl5 xfdL
b'j} Ps–csf{nfO{ ;/L eG5f}+ . Tof] a]Un} s'/f xf] ls s]6LdfG5] eP/
xf]nf pm w]/} 7'l:sG5] . /, d}n] g} k}n] ;/L eg]/ kmsfpg'k5{ .Æ
pd]zsf] s'/fn] cleif]sn] cfkm\gf] ;DaGw ;lDemof] . …eGg t d}n]
klg lagfuNtL w]/}k6s ;/L eg]sf] lyFP . t/ klg a'‰g'kg]{n] s'/f
ga'lemlbPkl5 s] ug]{ Û lgot} v/fa ePkl5, b'Mv ef]u]sf x¿n] klg c¿sf]
b'Mv ga'‰bf /x]5g\ .Ú p;n] dgdg} eGof] / s]xL l5gsf] df}gtfkl5
af]Nof], æltdLx¿aLr /fd|f] ;dembf/L 5 x} <Æ
æv} Û clxn];Dd t 7Ls} 5 .Æ pd]zn] eGof], æt]/f] rfFlx s] e}/f5
lg < s}No} s]xL eGb}g;\ tF t . ls l/lbdfnfO{ kv]{/ al;/f5;\ <Æ
ægs/f Û sxfF l/lbdf sxfF d . l/lbdf t k/km]S6 s]6L nfU5 of/
dnfO{ .Æ
cleif]ssf] s'/fnfO{ lnP/ pd]zn] lh:sfpFb} eGof], æpm k/km]S6
kf] < cleif]s s]xL af]n]n . pd]z eGb} uof], æt}n] un{k|m]G8
agfO{;\ eg], dnfO{ eg\ n . clg, efph' tF d t]/f] efph' 3'Dg hfg'k5{ .
d':tfª . lxpF v]Ng' k5{ .Æ
cleif]s 6\jfNn k/]/ pd]znfO{ x]/L/x\of] .
æs] 6\jfNn k/]/ x]l//f Û eG5;\ ls eGb}g;\ <Æ
cleif]s dGb d':s'/fof], / eGof], æ:of]/ eG5' of/ Û tnfO{ gegL
s:nfO{ eGg] d}n] .Æ
ækSsf gL Û n k|ld; u/\ t .Æ pd]zn] lh2L s:of] .
æk|ld; Û eG5' s] . k}n] t]/f] efph' t e]§Lg b]Æ
æcf]s] Û n lxF8\ . ca t hfg'k5{ .Æ pd]z g} klxnf p7\of] .
b'j}hgf /]i6'/]G6af6 lgl:sP . cleif]sn] cfk}+m kmf]g u/]/ e]6\g af]nfP
klg pm Tolt af]n]g . æt}+n] P8\ld;g ul/;\ <Æ pd]zn] g} ;f]Wof] .
æ5}g . d t sn]h g} ufÚsf] 5}g . ug'{knf{ cln kl5 . t}+n] ul/;\
<Æ
æ5}g . of] xKtf jf csf]{ xKtfdf u5'{ xf]nf .Æ pd]zn] eGof] .
b'j}hgf :6]g/L k;n uP . sIff !@ sf lstfax¿ x]/]/ cf–cfkm\gf] af6f] nfu] .
 /ftsf] gf} alh;s]sf] lyof] . cleif]s dgdf s'/f v]nfP/ cf]5\ofgdf
klN6/x]sf] 5 . p;nfO{ Tof] xf]:6]ndf al;/xgfn] emg kL8f dx;'; x'g
yfNof] . p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g] u/]sf ljleGg 7fpF, 5t, efG5f, Tof]
afNsf]gL, :68L ?d cflbnfO{ b]Vbf p;sf] ljut tfhf eP/ cfpg yfNof] .
To;}n] p;nfO{ nfUof], ca klg of] xf]:6]ndf al;/xg' eg]sf]
cfk"mnfO{ tftf] t]ndf 8'afpg' h:t} xf] . p;n] xf]:6]n 5f]8\g] lg0f{o
u¥of] . s]xL a]/kl5 p;sf] kmf]g aHof] . pd]zn] u/]sf] /x]5, eGg yfNof],
æt}+n] dnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ e]6\g af]nfO;\ . s]xL h?/L s'/f ug'{ lyof] ls
< e]6]/ klg s]xL s'/f ul/g;\ To:tf] . d}n] t lbpF;f] ;f]Wg} e'n]5' .Æ
cleif]sn] To:tf] h?/L s'/f s]xL gePsf] atfof] . pd]zn] k]ml/ eGof],
æTo:tf] s]xL 5 eg] eg\ x} . tFnfO{ cln lrlGtt b]Vb}5' dÆ
pd]znfO{ nfUof]– cleif]sn] PShfd lauf/]sf]n] pm lrlGtt 5 .
To;}n] p;n] ;DemfpFb} eGof], æPShfdsf] 6]G;g lnP/ ga;\ of/ . tF kf;
e}xfN5;\, a? sn]h hfg yfn ef]lnaf6 .Æ cleif]sn] ;a} s'/f ;'lg/Xof] /
cGTodf …x'G5Ú eGb} kmf]g /fVof] .
oxfF sf]xL cGt/ofdL x'Fb}gg\ h;n] dgsf ;a} s'/f gegLsg}
a'emf];\ . ;fyL ePs} sf/0fn] pd]zn] p;sf] xfnt a'‰g t vf]Hof] t/ Tof]
;do ;fGble{s dfq} lyof] . cleif]ssf] d'6'df e"sDk t !@ ut]sf]
dxfe"sDkeGbf klg klxn] g} cfPsf] lyof] . lj8Djgf Û g t Tof] d'6'
km'6]sf] cfjfh s;}n] ;'Gof], g p;sf] lrRofx6 g} Û
)))
:d[lt / l/lbdf lbge/ Go'/f]8df ;lkË u/]/ ?ddf kmls{P . l/lbdf, lsg]sf
gofF n'uf PsPs ub}{ 6«fO{ ug{ yfnL . aLr–aLrdf :d[ltn] df]afOaf6
kmf]6f] lvlrlbg] uyL{ . kmf]6f] lvRbflvRb} p;}sf] df]afOndf kmf]g
cfof] .
æxfO{ Û stf xf] ltdL <Æ lr/an] ;f]Wof] .
æd aflx/ Û ;fyLsf] df, s]xL sfd 5 <Æ
l/lbdfn] :d[ltnfO{ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//xL Û :d[lt ?daf6 aflx/ uO{ .
s'/f ;s]/ :d[lt ?ddf k|j]z ug]{lalQs} l/lbdfn] ;f]wL, ælr/a x}g <
ltdLx¿sf] s] rln/x]sf] 5 xF <Æ p;sf] s'/fn] :d[lt cndndf k/L, s] eGg]
eg]/ .
æeg\ g ltdLx¿ s] xf} < AjfOk|m]G8–un{k|m]G8 <Æ lr/a
x]g{df cToGt} cfsif{s eP klg l/lbdfnfO{ eg] lr/a / :d[ltsf] ;ldKotf dg
k/]sf] 5}g . :d[ltnfO{ klg of] s'/fsf] cfef; e} ;s]sf] lyof] .
l/lbdfnfO{ pd]z / :d[ltsf] ;DaGwsf] af/]df klg yfxf 5 . To;}n] :d[lt rfx]/
klg l/lbdfnfO{ 9fF6\g ;lSbg .
:d[lt l/lbdfsf] glhs} uP/ a;L . p;nfO{ ufx|f] eof]– s'/f sxfFaf6 ;'?
ug]{ < s]xLa]/ ;f]r]/ dlng cg'xf/ nfpFb} egL, æl/, cfO{ ne lxd of/ ÛÆ
æXjf6 < s;nfO{ < lr/anfO{ <Æ l/lbdf tLg5Ss k/L . æXjf6\
cafp6 pd]z < t}+n] of] s] ub}{5;\ :d[lt < cf/ o' Dof8 < x]/\ Û of]
7Ls x}g .Æ l/lbdfn] r]tfjgLsf] z}nLdf Psf]xf]/f] egL .
æpd]z Û cfO{ 8f]G6 nfOs lxd PgLdf]/ .Æ :d[ltn] gf6sLo kf/fn]
egL .
ælsg / < s] u¥of] pd]zn] tFnfO{ < l88\ lx ;]O{ PgLlyË 6' o' <Æ
l/lbdfn] k'gM k|Zg u/L . :d[ltn] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbFb} egL, ægf]k ÛÆ
l/lbdfnfO{ emg} pT;'stf nfUof] / ;f]wL, æs]xL t sf/0f xf]nf lg
<Æ k]ml/ klg :d[ltn] egL, ægf]k .Æ
l/lbdfnfO{ :d[ltsf] s'/f k6Ss} dg k/]g . p;n] cfjfh 7"nf] kfb}
{ egL, æ:d[lt Û s]xL t eg\ . lagfsf/0f pd]znfO{ wf]sf lbg vf]Hb}5];\
tF <Æ
o;kfnL klg :d[ltn] hfgL–hfgL pQ/ lbO{, ægf]k ⁄Æ
l/;n] l/lbdfsf] kf/f] tfTof] / eGg yfnL, æx]/\ Û :d[lt, lx Oh\ c
af]O{ g6\ of]/ 6f]O{ . cf]s] Û . lKnh Û :6k Kn]OË ljy ;djG;
Odf];G;\ .Æ
l/lbdfsf] s'/fn] :d[ltnfO{ af]Ng afWo agfof] / egL, æklxn] d
pd]znfO{ dfof uy]{+, ca ulb{gF . ca d lr/anfO{ dg k/fpF5' . eof] <
kfO;\ t}+n] hjfkm ڮ
l/lbdf Ps l5g r'k nfuL . :d[ltsf] s'/fdf pm ;xdt x'g ;lsg / egL,
æx]/\ Û dfof kz'kltsf] k|;fb x}g afF8]/ lx8\gnfO{, of] t hLjgdf Psk6s
x'G5 . Ps;Fu x'G5 / Ps cfTdfsf nflu csf]{ cfTdfsf] ;dk0f{ xf] . tF s;/L
o:tf] ug{ ;S5];\ of/ <Æ
l/lbdfsf o:tf s'/f ;'g]/ Ps l5g t :d[lt crDddf k/L . æn]Sr/ lbg
tFnfO{ v'a cfpF5 x} ڮ olt eg]/ p;n] 6]a'ndf /flvPsf] af]tn p7fO{ /
kfgL lkpg yfnL . :d[ltn] cfkm\gf] s'/fnfO{ dtna gu/]sf]n]
l/lbdfnfO{ cln g/dfOnf] nfUf] klg ;fyL ePs} gftfn] :d[ltnfO{ ;Demfpg'
p;n] cfkm\gf] st{Jo 7fgL . l;l/o; x'Fb} eGg yfnL, æ;'g\ Û :d[lt, ;'Gb/
dfG5]x¿ w]/} e]l6G5g\ of] ;+;f/df t/ ;'Gb/ dg kfpg w]/} ufx|f] 5 . tF
cfkm}+ ;dembf/ 5;\ . Psk6s /fd|f];Fu ;f]r]/ l8l;hg n] . tF ;+;f/sf] l/r]:6
JolSt cfkm\gf] hLjgdf kfpg ;S5;\ . lsgls, o' cf/ Ao"6Lkm"n of/ . t/,
pd]zh:tf] lgZjfy{ / lgzt{ dfof ug]{ dfG5], cxF kfpg] 5}g;\ of] h'gLdf
ÛÆ
l/lbdfn] o:tf] elg/xFbf :d[lt p;nfO{ x]/L dfq} /xL . ;fob pm
cfkm" af]Ng] kfnf] s'b}{ lyO{ . kfnf] cfpg]lalQs} :d[ltn] elgxfnL,
æXof s]xL x'Fb}g .Æ cln 7"nf] :j/ kfb}{ k]ml/ eGg yfnL, ætF d]/f]
;fyL ls b'Zdg eg\ t < ca dnfO{ t]/f] of] efif0f ;'Gg' 5}g . dnfO{ l9nf]
eof], hfG5' .Æ
æh];'s} u/\ ÛÆ eg]/ l/lbdf r'k nfuL .
:d[ltn] Aofudf cfkm\gf n'uf xfnL . l/lbdfn] leQfdf e'm08\ofPsf] ;
6{lt/ O;f/f ub}{ egL, æpM Tof] ;6{ 5'6\nf lg .Æ l/lbdf
:d[ltnfO{ 5f]8\g af6f];Dd cfO{ .

)))
cfhef]ln cleif]s z+vd'nsf] Pp6f xf]:6]ndf a:5 . k'/fgf] 7fpFaf6
sn]h glhs} lyof] . t/, ljutsf ofbn] p;nfO{ lbgk|ltlbg ljifsf] Kofnf
lknfO/xGYof] . w]/} ofbx¿ hf]l8Psf eP klg k|lts"n cj:yfn] p;nfO{ rf]6
dfq lbO/x]sf] lyof] . z+vd'naf6 p;nfO{ sn]h hfg b'O{j6f uf8L
r9\g'k5{ .
dfG5]nfO{ b'Mv cfOkbf{ Ps}rf]l6 cfOkg]{ /x]5 . gofF xf]:6]ndf
p;sf] dg sxfF nfUYof] / < ;'?sf lbgdf p;nfO{ kL8f ;lxg;Sg' x'g yfNof] .
PSnf]kgn] dfG5]nfO{ hlt rf]6 lbG5 Tolt t s'g} 7"nf] b'3{6gfn] klg
lbb}g . pm k|foM df}g g} /xG5 . dgleq u'lD;Psf s'/f ;'lglbg] sf]xL
5}g . lhpFbf] nf;h:t} ePsf] 5 cr]n .
alxgLx¿ xf]:6]ndf afgL kl/;s] ca . p;nfO{ klg /x/ t sxfF lyof] / Û
alxgLx¿nfO{ 5f8]/ o;/L cnUu} a:g Û t/ p;n] ToxfF x/]s lbg d[To';Fu
nl8/xg'kYof{], s}n]sfxLF t dg{ kfP x'GYof] h:tf] klg nfUof] p;nfO{ .
7fpF7fpFdf x'g] b'3{6gfdf dfG5] d/]sf ;drf/ ;'Gbf, p;n] w]/}k6s
sfnnfO{ k'sf¥of] klg . Vff;df p;sf] dg]{ rfxGff / :jl:tdfnfO{ kfpg]
rfxGff plQs} 5 . s'g} lbg dg]{ rfxGff cToflws x'GYof] ha, p;sf
cfzfx¿ cf]OlnGy] . s'g} lbg Ps gh/ eP klg e]6 x'g]5 eGg] nfUYof] ha,
cfzfsf ls/0f pbfpFy] . t/, dg{ klg sxfF ;lhnf] 5 / <
cleif]snfO{ w]/} lbg;Dd dlng / pbf; b]Vbf p;s} ?dd]6 cd/
;fksf]6fnfO{ hfGg dg nfUof] . cd/ OlGhlgol/Ë t];|f] jif{df cWoog/t 5 .
pd]/ / k9fO b'j}df pm cleif]seGbf l;lgo/ 5 . p;nfO{ bof ;Fu;Fu} dfof
nfu]/ cfof] / ;f]Wof], æs] ef5 efO ltDnfO{ ;~rf] 5}g xf] <Æ
cleif]sn] dGb :j/df hjfkm lbof], æx}g bfO, 7Ls} 5' .Æ
cd/n] a'lem;s]sf] lyof], p;nfO{ s'g} s'/fn] ;tfO/x]sf] 5 . stfstf
cleif]s l8k|]zgdf k/]eF}m p;nfO{ nfUof] . ?dd]6 ePs} gftfn] / cu|h
ePsfn] p;nfO{ ;kf]6{ ug'{k5{ eGg] cd/n] dx;'; u¥of] .
plgx¿ ;Fu} a;]/ Nofk6df lkmNd x]y]{ . cleif]s aLrd} lgbfpg]
uYof]{ . slxn]sfxLF sd]8L d'eL x]bf{ eg] cleif]s k"/} x]Yof]{ .
ne:6f]/L d'eLdf cleif]ssf] ?lr gePsf] s'/f cd/n] ;lhn} a'‰of] .
la:tf/} oL b'O{ aLrsf] 3lgi7tf a9\b} uof] . km';{bdf ;fFemkv klg
;Fu} aflx/ lgl:sg yfn] . cd/ slxn]sfxLF lkpg] uYof]{ . p;n] Ps lbg
cleif]ssf] s'/f a'‰g cfkm\gf] un{k|]mG8sf] af/]df cleif]snfO{ eGg
yfNof] . cleif]sn] v'a} ?lr lbP/ p;sf] sxfgL ;'Gof] . cd/, cfk"meGbf
l;lgo/ ePsfn] cleif]sn] w]/} s'/f n'sfpg vf]HYof] t/ To;lbg cd/n]
cfk"mnfO{ zª\sf nfu]sf] s'/f cleif]ssf] d'vaf6 asfO5f8\of] .
cleif]ssf] syf ;'g]/ cd/ klg efj's aGof] . Ps l5g b'j}hgf df}g /x] .
æbfO, d}n] of] s'/f xh'/nfO{ dfq eg]sf] . clxn];Dd s;}nfO{ eg]sf]
5}g . To;}n] s;}nfO{ geGg'xf]nf x} ÛÆ cleif]sn] cg'/f]w u¥of] .
j]bgf ;'lglbg] dfG5] eP yf]/} eP klg dg xn'ª\uf] x'Fbf] /x]5 .
cleif]snfO{ To:t} eof] . t/, ha /flt pm cf]5\ofgdf klN6GYof] p;sf] 5ftL
eTelt kf]Ng] uYof]{ . ;xL g;Sg' kL8fn] 56\k6fpg] uYof]{ .
ljutnfO{ e'Ng ;s]g p;n] . x/kn, x/If0f p;}sf] ofbn] ;tfpg yfNof] .
d'6'el/ kL8}kL8fsf] 3fpn] ;xg} g;Sg] ePkl5 p;n] Tof] kL8f e'Ng
/S;Lsf] ;xf/f lnof] . t/, kfgLsf] Kof; kfgLn] g} e]6\5 eg]e}+m k|]dsf]
ltvf{ /S;Ln] sxfF d]l6GYof] / < a? pN6} p;n] cfkm\gf] hLjg, gs{lt/ 8f]
¥ofpFb} nUof] .
)))
ljleGg /fhg}lts cj/f]wsf afah'b klg b]zdf æg]kfnsf] ;+ljwfgÆ
hf/L eof] . hf/L ePnut} ef/tLo gfsfaGbLn] b]z / hgtfnfO{ k]ml/
cK7\of/f]df kf¥of] . e"sDksf 3fpx¿ k'l/Psf lyPgg\ . ;+ljwfg hf/L
x'Fbfsf] v';L klg ToxL lbgd} ;Lldt eof] . rfF8af8 d'v}df cfpg nfUbf
cfOnfu]sf] of] ljklQn] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfnLsf] hghLjgnfO{ k|efj kfb}{ lyof]
. bz}+ltxf/ klg s] dgfpFy] / < s]xL dlxgfcl3 dfq xhf/f}+n] e"sDkdf
Hofg u'dfPsf] cj:yf lyof] . t/, gfsfaGbLn] eg] dfG5]nfO{ lxF88'n
ug{;d]t ufx|f] agfOlbof] . k]ml/ Psk6s g]kfnsf ldl8ofn] Pstfsf] lju"n
k"mSg yfn] / dfG5]x¿df dfgjLotf hufOlbP . To;n] ;ª\s]t uYof]{, ljkb
kbf{ ;fFlRrs} ;a} g]kfnL Ps–csf{sf] ;fydf pleg kl5 kb}{gg\ eGg] s'/f .
z'qmaf/ nueu rf/ aHg} nfUbf cleif]sn] cd/nfO{ eGof], æbfO,
cfh ;fFem d cfplbg xf]nf . ;fyLsf]df hfg nfu]sf] .Æ pm xf]:6]naf6
lgl:sof] . r'/f]6sf] tntnn] ;tfPkl5 pm af6f]5]pd} /x]sf] Pp6f xf]6]ndf k|
j]z u¥of] . xf]6]ndf slQ klg eL8 lyPg . k5fl8kl§sf] a]Grdf b'O{hgf ;fob
dMd vfFb} lyP . p;n] k/}af6 b]Vof] . To;dWo] Pp6fsf] kfv'/fdf 6\of6'
lyof] eg] csf]{sf] skfn cln nfdf] / v}/f] .
;fx'hLnfO{ Ps sk lrof / Pp6f r'/f]6 c8{/ u/]/ pm klg b'O{hgf
al;/x]sf] a]GreGbf Ps a]Grcufl8 a:of] . TolQs}df pd]/n] nueu #)–#%
jif{sf b'O{hgf gofF dfG5] cfP / pgLx¿ klg ToxL glhs}sf] 6]a'ndf a;] .
cleif]sn] r'/f]6 ;Nsfof] . 6\of6' / v}/f] skfn ePsf] s]6fsf] s'/f
cleif]sn] cfPb]lv g} ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . dfdnf ;fob s]6Lsf] lyof] Sof/] Û
Pp6f 3/L3/L hf]8–hf]8n] s/fpYof] eg] csf]{n] cfjfh ;fgf] kfg{ eGYof] .
cleif]snfO{ ltgLx¿sf] s'/fn] O{l/6]6 agfO/x]sf] lyof] . ltgn] k|of]u ug]
{ zAbx¿ 5f8f lyP . p;nfO{ tL s]6fx¿ Psbd} 3l6of nfu] . k|To]s zAbdf
cfZnLntf lyof] / ;fob s'g} s]6LnfO{ ufnL ub}{ lyP . s'/f ;'Gbf nfUYof],
s]6Ln] s'g} Pp6fnfO{ afn g} glbPsf] h:tf] .
Pshgf ce}m 7"nf] :j/df s/fpg yfNof] . cleif]snfO{ ;xL g;Sg'eof] .
pm glhs} uof] / eGg yfNof], æ;fyL, o:tf kmf]xf]/ zAb k|of]u u/]/ xNnf
gu/f}+ g x} ڮ
Pp6fn] elgxfNof], æTof] efn' xf] . j]Zof xf] . d}n] hlt g} dfof
u5'{ eGbf klg dtna gug]{ dflr;\ .Æ cleif]sn] ca eg] ;xg ;s]g . p;n]
hf]8n] Ps kGr Tof] s]6fsf] ufnfdf ahfof] . cleif]snfO{ l/; klxNf] g}
pl7;s]sf] lyof] . t}klg p;n] cfk"mnfO{ ;Dxfn]sf] lyof] . b'j}hgf
s]6fx¿ a]Graf6 p7]/ cleif]snfO{ xft xfNg} cfF6]sf lyP . afFsL
b'O{ hgfn] pgLx¿nfO{ 5'6\ofP/ cnu kf/] .
6\of6'jfnfn] gfgfy/L 5f8f ufnL u¥of] . cleif]sn] klg eGof],
æolb ;fFrf] dfof u5{;\ eg] dfofsf] ;Ddfg ug{ klg l;s\ Û et'jf .Æ pm
l/;n] ubf{ hf]8n] ;f; km]b}{ lyof] . cleif]snfO{ ;fx'hLn] tfg]/ sfpG6/df
NofP Û p;n] lrof / r'/f]6sf] k};f lt¥of] / ;fyLsf] ?dlt/ d'd{'l/Fb} lxF8\of]
.
ef]lnkN6 Psflaxfg} pm ;fyLsf] ?daf6 lgl:sof] . laxfgLkv, xNsf
lr;f] nfUg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . pm af6f]5]pd} /x]sf] lrof k;ndf k:of] / Ps
sk lrof dufof] . Ps l5g otfptf x]¥of] clg ToxL glhssf] 6]a'ndf /flvPsf]
klqsf p7fof] / x]g{ yfNof] . klqsfsf] klxnf] k]hd} 7"nf cIf/df n]lvPsf]
lyof]– ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wgsf] dfu . p;nfO{ lbSs nfu]/ cfof] . /fhg}lts
lvrftfgLsf] ;drf/n] p;nfO{ klqsf k9\g} dg nfu]g / km]l/ ToxL 6]a'ndf
kmflnlbof] .
;fx'hLlt/ x]¥of] . pm lrofsf] kvf{Odf lyof] . k;n]n] klg
a'lem;s]sf] lyof] ls pm xtf/df 5 eg]/ . æPs} l5g x} efO Û lrof
aGb}5 .Æ eGb} w}o{ ug{ eGof] . ;fob pm g} klxnf] u|fxs x'g'k5{ .
ToxfF j/k/ c¿ sf]xL lyPgg\ . pm;n] km]l/ ToxL klqsf p7fof] /
x]g{ yfNof] . klxnf] k]hs} cln d'lGt/ n]lvPsf] lyof] æanfTsf/kl5
dlxnfsf] xTofÆ p;nfO{ km]l/ lbSs nfUof] . gk9\g] dg;fon] klqsf
k6\ofP/ /fVg} nfu]sf] lyof] . nflhDkf6 n]lvPsf] p;n] b]Vof] . ToxLF
7fpFdf cleif]s jiff}+{ a:f]sf] lyof] .
NfflhDkf6df anfTsf/ ePsf] yfxf kfPkl5 pm pSt ;drf/ dgdg} k9\g
yfNof] . ;fx'hLn] lrofsf] sk NofP/ p;sf] ;fd' /fv]/ uof] . pm lrofsf] r':sL
lnFb} ;dfrf/ Wofg lbP/ k9\g yfNof] . 36gf cl3Nnf] lbg /flt 36]sf] /x]5 .
;drf/sf] st} aLrdf k'u]/ p cl8of] . Hofg g} l;l/Ë kfg]{u/L ToxfF s]xL
nfOg n]lvPsf lyP– ;8ssf] 5]pdf y'kfl/Psf] kmf]xf]/n] o'jtLsf] gfËf] nf;
cfwf 5f]lkPsf] lyof] . z/L/df st}st} /ut klg b]lvGYof] . ha dxfgu/Lo k|
x/Lsf] uf8L Psflaxfg} cfOk'Uof], s's'/ pSt nf;sf cª\ux¿ n'l5/x]sf lyP .
p;n] To;eGbf cufl8 k9\g rfx]g . v} dgdf s]s] ;f]Rg yfNof] . Ps
l5g 6f]nfof] clg klqsf ToxL kmfn]/ h'?Ss p7\of] . lxF8\g} nfu]sf]
lyof] .
ælrofsf] k};f <Æ k5fl8af6 ;fx'hL s/fof] . pm kmls{of] . o;f] lrofsf]
skdf x]¥of] . lrof cfwfeGbf a9L afFsL g} lyof] . p;n] …;/L ÛÚ eGb}
k;n]nfO{ @) ¿k}ofF lbof] / lxF8\of] .
ljb]zL kqklqsfsf ;drf/df k|ult / ljsf;sf s'/f x'G5g\ . t/, xfd|f] b]zdf
xToflx+;f, anfTsf/ / ljgfzsf dfq . pm dgdg} s'/f v]nfpFb} uof] . To;df
klg w]/}n] eGg] u5{g\ …g]kfnL x'g'df uj{ u5'{Ú eg]/ Û sxfFg]/ 5
uj{ ug]{ 7fpF < p;n] cfkm}+nfO{ k|Zg u¥of] / lvTsf 5f]8]/ xfF:of] .
w]/} lbgkl5 cfh pm xfF:of], Tof] klg cfkm\g} xfndf / b]zsf] xfndf .
pm cfkm\g} b'MvL hLjgsf] k|lts'n kl/l:ylt;Fu h'lem/x]sf] 5 cr]n .
anfTsf/sf] ;dfrf/n] p;nfO{ w]/} s'/f ;f]Rg afWo agfof] . dgdg} ;f]Rg
yfNof]– of] ;a x'g'df s;sf] bf]if < ;/sf/sf] < h;n] ;'/Iff lbg ;s]g . of
anfTsf/Lsf] < h;n] Pp6f gf/LnfO{ hª\unL hgfj/em}+ Jojxf/ u¥of] . pm
dgdg} cfkm";Fu ;jfn–hjfkm ug{ yfNof] .
p;n] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;lDemof] . h;n] lagfsf/0f p;nfO{ ?jfP/ uO{ . Ps
lsl;dn] hLjg a/afb kf/]/ uO{ . Tof] ;Dem]/ p;nfO{ gf/Lk|ltsf] >4f x/fP/
uof] / cfkm\g} dgnfO{ zfGt kfg{ cfkm}+nfO{ hjfkm lbof]– uNtL
Tof] gf/Lsf] klg t x'g ;S5 .
 p;n] cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ ;Demfof] . ;dfhdf x'g] o:tf ljs[lt / lj;ª\ultdf
s'g} Ps kIfsf] dfq uNtL jf sdhf]/L geO{ kLl8t / kL8s b'j}sf] plQs}
bf]if x'G5 . k'R5/ 7f8f] kf/]/ lxF8\g] ufO{sf] k5fl8 !) j6f ;fF9] nfUg'df
s;sf] bf]if <
p;n] cfkm"nfO{ s;}sf] kIfdf pEofpg plrt 7fg]g . t/ klg pm
dgdg} o:tf] lgisif{df k'Uof]– h] eof] Tof] /fd|f] ePg . o:t} s'/f
v]nfpFb} cleif]s xf]:6]n cfOk'Uof] .

)))
ltxf/ dgfP/ sf7df8f}+ cfPsf] b'O{ xKtf gk'Ub} pd]zn] k]ml/ 3/
hfg'kg]{ eof] . afafnfO{ la/fdn] k]ml/ Rofk]5 . p;n]
cleif]snfO{ kmf]g u/]/ 3/ hfg nfu]sf] s'/f atfof] . :d[ltnfO{ klg kmf]g
u¥of] t/ &–* k6s ubf{ klg kmf]g l/l;e gePkl5 p;n] d];]h k7fof] .
b'O{ xKtfcufl8 3/ 5f]8]/ hfFbf afaf o:tf] x'g'x'GgYof] . pm
em;ª\u eof], ha p;n] afafsf] z/L/df 5fnf / x•L dfq b]Vof] .
Ps xKtf;Dd xl:k6ndf /fv]sf /x]5g\ . 8fS6/n] 3/ n}hfg eg]kl5
;a}n] cfz df/]/ 3/ NofPsf /] . To;kl5 dfq pd]znfO{ af]nfPsf /x]5g\ .
p;nfO{ ;a} s'/f sfOFnf sfsfn] lj:t[tdf eGg'eof] . pd]zn] lg/fz x'Fb}
;f]Wof], æsfsf Û s] afaf ca afFRg' x'Gg < slxn]b]lv af]nL 5'6\of]
afafsf] <Æ k|Zgn] sfsfnfO{ cK7\of/f]df kf¥of] . æcfh b'O{ lbg eof]
af]Ng g;Sg'eÚsf] . ltdL lxDdt gxf/ pd]z Û ce}m cfz ug{ ;lsG5 . a}B
afn] cf}ifwLd"nf] ul//xg'eÚsf] 5 . ltdL lg/fz gxf]pm .Æ
pd]z s]xL af]n]g . ;fFem kg{ cfF6]sf] lyof] . sfsfn] pd]zsf]
kfv'/f ;dft]/ csf]{ ?ddf lnP/ hfg'eof] . ;fFemkv 5/–l5d]sL cfpFy] . sf]xL
la/fdL s'/]/ hfGy] eg] sf]xL p;sf] kl/jf/sf] xf};nf a9fpg d2t uy]{ .
lbgx¿ laTb} uP .
ufpFdf pd]z;Fu xfF;f]7§f ug]{ pg} Pp6f sfsf lyP, s0f{dfg .
b'O{ jif{ b'aO{df sfd u/]/ ev{/} kms]{sf /x]5g\ . pd]/n] nueu #%
sfl6;s]sf eP klg s]6fs]6L;Fu ;fx|} /dfpg] u5{g\ s0f{dfg Û
 3/ cfO;s]kl5 pd]zn] :d[ltnfO{ w]/}k6s kmf]g 6«fO{ u/] klg
hDdf b'O{k6s dfq s'/f x'g ;Sof] . slxn] g]6js{n] ;fy lbb}gYof] t slxn]
kmf]g l/l;e x'Fb}gYof] . Ps lbg :d[lt;Fu s'/f ul//xFbf sfsf glhs} cfP/
pleg'eof] . pd]z / :d[ltaLr cr]n ;fdfGo s'/fx¿ dfq x'g] uYof]{ .
pd]znfO{ stfstf nfUg yfNof]– :d[ltn] cfkm"nfO{ a]jf:tf ub}{5] eg]/ .
t/, p;nfO{ afafsf] lk/n] a9L ;tfO/x]sf]n] Totflt/ Wofg} lbPg .
Ps lbg crfgs sfsfn] pd]znfO{ cln PsfGtdf lnP/ ;f]Wg'eof], æpd]z
of] :d[lt r}+ sf] xf] lg <Æ pd]z 5Ss k¥of], sfsfn] s;/L of] s'/f yfxf
kfpg'eP5 < p;n] dgdg} ;f]Rof] / yfx} gkfPe}+m u/L eGof], æsf]
:d[lt sfsf <Æ
sfsfn] df]afOn rfh{df x'Fbf cfk"mn] yfxf kfPsf] s'/f atfpg'eof] .
æn ca, tF g} eg s]xf] t]/f] rSs/ <Æ sfsfn] rfn kfO;s]kl5 ca klg s'/f
n'sfpg pd]zn] plrt 7fg]g . p;n] ;a} s'/f k|i6 atfof] . ælax] klg p;}l;t
u5{;\ t <Æ sfsfn] ;f]Wg'eof] .
æv} sfsf afafnfO{ o:tf] 5, sxfF o:tf] a]nf ug'{ ⁄Æ
ædf]/f Û d}n] clxn] u5{;\ eg] t <Æ sfsf k|foM 7§f ul//xg] . pm
xfF:g yfNof] .
otf afafsf] xfnt lbgk|ltlbg lalu|Fb} lyof] . ca t cGg lng klg
5f8\g'eof] . 3/–kl/jf/b]lv 5/–l5d]sLx¿ ;a} lrlGtt b]lvGy] . Ps lbg laxfg,
pd]z cfFugdf a;]/ lrof lkpFb} lyof] . j/k/sf l5d]sLx¿ klg laxfg} hDdf
ePsf lyP . pd]zsf] df]afOndf d];]h cfof] . p;n] xtkt vf]n]/ x]¥of] .
:d[ltn] k7fPsL /lx5] . n]lvPsf] lyof],
æpd]z, jL SofG6 aL 6'u]b/, PgLdf]/ Û ;/L ÛÆ
p;n] s]xL ;f]Rg ;s]g . d];]h b'O{–tLgk6s l/lk6 u/L k9\of] . p;n]
t'?Gt kmf]g u¥of] . 306L uof], t/ kmf]gdf cfjfh cfof], ætkfO{+n]
;Dks{ ug{ vf]Hg'ePsf] gDa/ clxn] Jo:t 5 .Æ lrofsf] sk 6]a'ndf /fVf]/
pm d];]h 6fOk ug{ yfNof] . p;n] %÷& j6f nfdf] d];]h n]v]/ k7fof] .
pm sf/0f hfGg rfxGYof] . t/, s]xL l/KnfO{ cfPg .
 pd]z g"g vfPsf] s'v'/fe}+m a/08fdf emf]qmfP/ al;/x]sf] lyof] .
p;sf] To:tf] ¿k b]v]/ sfsfnfO{ zª\sf nfu]/ cfof] . afFsL ;a}n] ;f]r]5g\–
a'afsf] lk/n] p;nfO{ b'MvL agfO/x]sf] 5 .
;fFemsf] cfudg e};s]sf] lyof] . lbgel/ pd]z 6f]nfP/ a;]sf] b]v]kl5
sfsfn] w]/} k|of; ug'{eof] . p;nfO{ a'‰g . t/, pd]zn] s]xL eg]g . a;\
afafnfO{ slxn] lgsf] x'G5 xf]nf eg]/ dfq ;f]Wof] . pd]zdf PSsfl;
pbfl;gtf 5fpg'sf] k5fl8 c¿ g} s]xL sf/0f x'g'k5{ eGg] sfsfnfO{ nfu]
klg pd]zn] To:tf] s'g} s'/f u/]g . pm l56f] :d[ltnfO{ e]6\g rfxGYof] .
PSsfl; To;f] n]vL k7fPsf]df, ;'?df t p;nfO{ dhfs u/] h:tf] klg nfu]sf]
lyof] . t/, a]n'sf;Dd l/KnfO{ gcfPkl5 pm emgemg lg/fz x'Fb} uof] .
ca p;n] cfkm\gf] ;Dk"0f{ zf/Ll/s Ifdtf u'dfO;s]sf] lyof] .
sfsf p;s} ;fd' lksf{df al;/xg'ePsf] lyof] . To} a]nf a}B af afafsf]
sf]7faf6 aflx/ cfpg'eof] . /, eGg'eof], æs7} a/f Û ca cfTdfn] zflGt
kfcf];\ .Æ
Tof] ;'g]/ sfsf eml:sg'eof] . sfsfnfO{ cflQPsf] b]v]/ pd]zn]
cQfFlnb} ;f]Wof], s] eof] sfsf < sfsf bu'b}{ afafsf] ?ddf uPkl5 pd]z
klg kl5 bf}l8of] . sf]7fdf ca nf; dfq afFsL lyof] . pd]zn] dg yfDg ;s]g,
pm eSsflgof] . 8fFsf] 5f8]/ ?g yfNof] . pm aRrfh:t} nf;sf] 5ftLdf
3f]K6f] k/]/ /f]O/Xof] . jl/kl/ c¿ dfG5]x¿ hDdf e};s]sf lyP . sf]xL
eujfg\sf] gfd hKg yfn] t sf]xL …s7}a/fÚ eGb} bof kf]Vg yfn] .
pd]z ?Fbf?Fb} d'5f{ k¥of] . sfsfn] p7fP/ kNnf] sf]7fdf nfg'eof] .
;fFem emkSs kl/;s]sfn] nf;nfO{ ef]lnkN6 dfq 3f6df n}hfg] s'/f eof] .
s]xL dlxnfx¿ pd]zsL cfdfnfO{ ;DxfNg yfn], sf]xL ;Demfpg yfn] .
d[To'kl5 dfq} x/]ssf] u'gufg ufOg] . ;fob cefjd} d"Nosf] cg'e"lt
xF'bf] /x]5 . cefjd} s;}sf] dxTTj dx;'; ul/Fbf] /x]5 / cefjd} cefj
v8\lsFbf] /x]5 . pd]zsf] afaf afr'Gh]n klg k|z+;gLo dfG5] lyP . pgn]
s;}nfO{ xflg k'¥ofpg] sfd u/]gg\ . c¿sf] b'O{ k};f vfPgg\, a? cfkm\g}
c¿nfO{ afF8]sf lyP .
ljlwjt\ ¿kn] nf;sf] cGTo]i6L ul/of] . PSnf] 5f]/f pd]z afa'sf] lsl/of
a:of] . hxfF u}/f] ToxL k}/f] . eg]em}+ b'Mvsf] pn{+bf] e]nn]
p;nfO{ leq}leq aufpg yfNof] . Pp6f rf]6nfO{ csf]{ 7"nf] rf]6n]
e'nfpFbf] /x]5 . pd]znfO{ :d[ltsf] ofb cfpg 5f8\of] . p;sf] dg / dlit:sdf
s]jn afafsf] t:jL/ lyof] . sfsfsf] ;fy / cu|hx¿sf] ;xfg'e'ltn] p;nfO{ s]xL
xf};nf ldNYof] eg] dDdLsf] d'xf/ b]Vbf pm a9L g} efj's x'GYof] .
x'g] xf/ b}j g6f/ eg]em}+, :jefljs ¿kdf x'g] k|fs[lts k|
s[ofnfO{ s;n] /f]Sg ;S5 / < To;}df lrlGtt eO{ hlt g} b'Mvdgfp u/] klg
eO;s]sf] s'/fnfO{ k]mg{ ;lsFb}g . o:t} ;f]rn] pd]zn] cfk"mnfO{ b/f]
agfpg yfNof] . dgleq kL8f bafO{ pm cGo dfG5]sf ;fd' pleg yfNof] .
5f]/f] dfG5] ePkl5 cfF;' cfFvfaf6 emfg{ gx'g] /] Û t/ dgleqsf] af9L
s:n] b]Vof] / <
)))
;do ablnof] . j/k/sf ljifoj:t' klg ablnP . t/, cleif]ssf] cj:yf ablnPg .
p;nfO{ :jl:tdfn] 5f8]/ uPb]lv, p;df cfPsf] kl/jt{g eg]sf] pm cr]n /S;L
lkpg yfn]sf] 5 / r'/f]6 cToflws dfqfdf . crDdsf] 5, of] dfofsf] ;+;f/ klg .
s;}nfO{ /S;L, r'/f]6 5f8\g afWo u/fpF5 . t s;}nfO{ To} /S;L r'/f]6sf]
;xf/fdf lhpg nufpF5 .
k]m;a's klg Tolt rnfpFb}g cr]n pm . c¿sf lj5f]8 / j]bgfsf va/n]
el/Psf] km];a'ssf] leQf] b]Vbf klg p;nfO{ kL8f x'G5 . slxn] o;f] vf]n]/
x]5{ . Tof] klg ;fyL;Fu h?/L s'/f ug{ k/]df dfq} . cfh p;n] k]m;a's nu
O{g ug}{ kg]{5 . ufpFsf] bfOn] lax]sf s]xL kmf]6f]
p;nfO{ k7fOlbPsf]n] .
d];]hdf b'O{j6f gf]l6lkms];g b]vfO/x]sf] lyof] . ha p;n] nuOg
u¥of] . klxnf]df !& j6f kmf]6f] /x]5g\ . kmf]6f] x]/]/ Psl5g ePklg
/dfof] pm . csf]{ :jl:tdfsf] d];]h lyof] . pm bª\u k¥of] Ps l5g t . vf]n]/
x]¥of] . n]lvPsf] lyof], æ;/L Û tkfO{+nfO{ d]/f] Kof/]G6;\n] :jLsf/
ub}{gg\ . lKnh 8f]G6\ l/KnfO{ .Æ
w]/} lbgkl5 :jl:tdfsf] d];]h cfof] . h;n] ar]sf cfzf / knfpg cfF6]sf
kfn'jf ;a} lgdf]l7lbof] . :jl:tdfn] To;f] ug'{sf] sf/0f cleif]sn] hfgL ;s]sf]
lyPg / h'g d];]hdf cfof] Tof] sf/0f xf]Og eGg] p;nfO{ nfUof] . :jl:tdfsL
dDdLn] cleif]snfO{ /fd|} Jojxf/ ug'{ePsf] lyof] . slxNo} zª\sfsf] s'/f
ug'{ePg . cleif]snfO{ klg cfkmGte}+m nfUYof] pxfF;Fu s'/f ubf{ .
clGtdkN6 kmf]gdf s'/f ubf{ ;d]t To:tf] s]xL eGg'ePsf] lyPg . olb To:t}
ug'{x'GYof] t klxNo} g} elg;Sg'x'GYof] pxfFn] . :jl:tdfsf] Kof/]G6;\
eg]sf] g} p;sf] dDdL xf] . cleif]sn] w]/} ;f]Rof] . Tof] ;fgf] d];]hn]
p;sf] ljutnfO{ AoF"tfOlbof] .
l8g/ u/]sf] lbg :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] eGg'ePsf] lyof], æltdL dnfO{
;dembf/ nfUof] . afa' cfkm\gf] k9fOdf Wofg b]pm n Û bfofFafofF
ug'{eGbf k9fOdf Wofg lbPs} /fd|f] x'G5 .Æ
p;n] ofb u¥of]– Toltv]/ p;nfO{ s'g} cfkmGtn] ;Nnfx lbPe}+m
nfu]sf] lyof] . t/, bfofFafofF ug'{eGbf klg k9fOdf Wofg lbg' /fd|f]
x'G5 eGg'sf] dtna a]Un} /x]5 . aNn yfxf eof] p;nfO{ . p;n]
cfk"mnfO{ ;DxfNg sf]l;; ul//x]sf] lyof] . k]ml/ p;sf] hLjgdf cfFwL
cfof] .

)))
XjfO6 u'Dafsf] psfnf]df lr/an] afOs x'OFSofpFbf :d[lt p;sf]
a'Odf lyO{, k5fl8af6 s;]/} cFufn]sL lyO{ . zlgaf/, k|foM XjfO{6
u'Dafdf k|]ldn hf]8Lx¿sf] eL8 g} x'g] u5{ . b'j}n] Ps–csf{nfO{ v'a}
dfof ug{ yfn]sf 5g\, lxhf]cfh . s]xL lbgcufl8 dfq lr/an]
:d[ltnfO{ cfO{kmf]g pkxf/ lbPsf] lyof] . :d[ltnfO{ ce}m ;Demgf 5 .
p;nfO{ kTof/ g} nfu]sf] lyPg . cfhef]ln oL, b'O{ d'6' Ps Hofg /
b'O{ cfTdf Ps w8\sg ePsf 5g\ . v';Lsf /ª\ux¿ pgLx¿sf] hLjgdf /+lug
yfn]sf 5g\ .
cfk"mn] dfof ug]{ dfG5]nfO{ hlt;'s} dxª\uf] pkxf/ lbg klg kl5
x6\b}gg\ k|]dLx¿ . ;fFlRrs} eGg'kbf{ dfof dxª\uf] g} ePsf] 5 . pkxf/
lbPsf] b]Vbf t s}n]sfxLF crDd} nfU5, dfof u/]sf] xf], of lsg]sf] .
t/ lr/asf nflu dxª\uf] pkxf/ lbg' s'g} 7"nf] s'/f lyPg . u'Dafsf ;'Gb/
b[Zox¿ cfkm\gf] cfO{kmf]gdf s}b ug{ kfpFbf :d[lt Psbd} v';L lyO{ .
3/L cFufnf]df a]l/P/ kmf]6f] lvRy] t 3/L ufnf–ufnf hf]8]/ . j/k/ /x]sf
c¿ dfG5]n] 3'/]/ x]bf{ klg of] hf]8LnfO{ jf:tf lyPg . ;fob of] g} dfof
b]vfpg] dfWod xf]nf . d'v lauf/]/ ;]NkmL lng] k]m;g klg clhasf] 5 .
o:tf] ul//xFbf lr/an] :d[ltnfO{ x]l//xGYof] . lsgls pm ;fFRrLs} /fd|L
b]lvGyL, d'v rf];f] agfpFbf .
:d[ltn] ;]NkmL lnFb} ubf{ lr/an] kmf]g lgsfNof] /
s;}nfO{ kmf]g nufof] . ha :d[lt p;sf] glhs cfOk'uL p;n] ‘d cfpFb}5'’
eGb} kmf]g /fVof] .
:d[ltnfO{ c;fWo} ef]s nflu;s]sf] lyof] . ;fFem klg kg}{ cfF6]sf]
lyof] . lr/a;Fu x'Fbf cfk"mnfO{ a9L g} ;'/lIft dx;'; u5]{ :d[ltn] .
a]n'sfsf] ;do lyof] . pgLx¿ ToxfFaf6 kmls{P . lr/an]
:d[ltnfO{ lqk'/]Zj/df /x]sf] Pp6f zfgbf/ /]i6'/]G6df lnP/ uof] .
;]k/]6 Soflag, dw'/ ;+uLt clg x/]s lrh cfsif{s 9Ën] ;hfOPsf lyP .
cf/fdbfoL rf}s6df pgLx¿ l;/fgLnfO{ c8]; nufpFb} a;] . b'j}n] gge]h
cfO6d g} dufP . ;fO8sf] 6]a'ndf x'Ssf /flvPsf] lyof] . Tof] b]v]/
:d[ltn] ;f]wL, æltDn] x'Ssf tfg]sf 5f} <Æ
lr/an] 6fpsf] xNnfP/ …cFÚ eGb} ;f]Wof], æltDn] lg <Æ :d[ltn]
pT;'Stfsf ;fy egL, æPsrf]l6 dfq P;Pn;Lkl5 .Æ
æxf] / <Æ lr/an] j]6/nfO{ af]nfof] / 8an PKkn km\n]j/df x'Ssf
agfpg eGof] . s]xL ldg]6d} j]6/n] x'Ssf tof/ kf/]/ Nofof] / 6]a'ndf
/flvlbof] . :d[ltn] Tolt g} v]/ ;'k klg Nofpg egL .
lr/an] :d[ltnfO{ k}n] 6«fO{ ug{ eGof], p;n] cln cGof}ndf
k/]h:tf] u/L . lr/an] eGof], æcf]s] Û uf] cx]8 .Æ :d[ltn] gnL p;sf]
;fd'Gg] 78\ofpFb} egL, æo" km:6{ .Æ
lr/a d';'Ss xfF:of] / tfGg yfNof] u'8\u'8\ u'8\u'8\==== . d'vaf6
w'jfF uf]nuf]n kfb}{ p8fpg yfNof] . Tof] b]v]/ :d[ltn] klg gnLd'vdf
xfnL / tfGg yfnL u'8\u'8\ u'8\u'8\=== . PSsfl; p;sf] ;f; yfldPnfem}+
eof] / vf]Sg yfnL . Tof] b]v]/ lr/a a]:;/L xfF:of] . :d[ltn]
gnLp;}nfO{ lhDdf nufO{ . ha lr/an] w'jfF p8fpFYof], cfgGb
nfUYof] . ;a} tgfj b"/ eP/ uPh:tf] . :d[lt Tof] x]g{d} cfglGbt lyO{ .
lr/an] gnL :d[ltnfO{ lbFb} k]ml/ 6«fO{ ug{ eGof] t/ p;n]
dflgg . ;f]wL, æs;/L of] w'jfFnfO{ uf]nuf]n kf/]sf] lg <Æ ;]tf] afSnf]
w'jfF uf]n–uf]n eP/ p8\bf ;fFlRrs} cfsif{s b]lvGYof] . lr/an] Psk6s
nfdf] ;f;n] tfGof] / :d[ltnfO{ cfk"m ghLs} cfpg O;f/f u¥of] . :d[lt glhs
cfpg]lalQs} p;n] :d[ltsf] d'xf/ prfNof] / cfkm\gf cf]7 :d[ltsf sf]dn
cf]7dfly la;fof] . :d[ltsf k/]nL nfhn] lgx'l/P . lr/an] cfkm\gf] d'vleqsf]
w'jfF p;sf] d'vleq xfNof] / p;nfO{ p8fpg O;f/f u¥of] . :d[ltn] Ps l5g t
cf]7 g} vf]lng . lr/anfO{ Psgf;n] x]/L dfq} /xL . clg ;a} w'jfF p8fO{ .
lr/an] k]ml/ cfkm\gf] d'vaf6 :d[ltsf] d'vdf w'jfF xfNg} cfF6]sf] lyof],
j]6/ ;'k lnP/ cfOk'Uof] . pgLx?sf] Tof] b[Zo b]v]/, j]6/ ;/L eGb}
kmls{of] . b'j}hgf ;ts{ eP . lr/an] j]6/nfO{ ;'k leq} NofP/ cfpg cfu|x
u¥of] . :d[lt xfF:g yfnL .
a]n'sfsf] cf7 aHg} cfF6]sf] lyof], aflx/ cFWof/f]n] 5kSs}
5f]k]sf] lyof] . ;8sdf aQLsf] pHofnf]n] sxLsxLF b]lvGYof] . æca sxfF
hfg] <Æ :d[ltn] lk/ dfg]em}+ u/L ;f]wL,
æ?ddf ÛÆ lr/an] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbof] . :d[lt ce}m lr/asf]
cFufnf]df lyO{ . ædnfO{ d]/} ?ddf 5fl8b]pm n ÛÆ p;n] egL .
lr/an] ;'g] klg g;'g]em}+ u¥of] . p;n] afOs kfls{Ëaf6 NofP/
cfof] / :d[ltnfO{ k5fl8 a:g cfu|x u¥of] . :d[ltn] lh2L ug{yfnL, dfgejg
g} 5f8L lbg eg]/ . lr/an] ;DemfpFb} eGof], æs]xL x'Fb}g cfh d]/} ?
ddf hfpmF .Æ :d[ltnfO{ stfstf 8/ nfu]/ cfof] . pm ;f]Rg} yfn]sL lyO{,
lr/an] kfv'/df ;dft]/ cfk"mlt/ tfGof] . bfofF xftn] x]nd]6 x6fof] /
:d[ltnfO{ r'Dag ug{yfNof] . :d[lt s]xL af]lng . p;n] eGof], æljlne dL
ÛÆ p;n] x]nd]6 k'gM nufof] / eGof], ælKnh a; g .Æ
:d[lt grfx]/} df]6/;fOsndf a;L . lr/an] df]6/;fOsn sfnLdf6Llt/
df]8\of] . k5fl8 al;/xFbf :d[ltn] Pp6f s'/f a'‰g} ;lsg, of] dfof xf] of
afWotf < ?dleq k|j]z ug}{ vf]Hbf :d[ltnfO{ cfk"mn] uNtL ul//x]sf]
dx;'; eof] . lr/an] df]afOn pHofnf] kf¥of] . sf]7fsf] nfO6 cg ug{ p;n]
tLg–rf/j6f :jLr lyRof] . ?d Tolt Jojl:yt lyPg . ?ddf b'Oj6f a]8 lyP . b'Oj6f
Knfli6ssf s';L{ . clg Pp6f 6]a'n / Xofª\u/ . c¿ ;fdfgx¿ Jojl:yt
ug{ vf]h]h:tf] b]lvGy] t/ klg cJojl:yt lyP .
 :d[ltsf] dgdf cg]sy/L s'/f v]Ng yfn] . p;nfO{ jf:tjd} ?g dg
nlu/x]sf] lyof] . ;SyL eg] pm 8fFsf] 5f]8]/ ?GyL . lr/an] p;nfO{ Pp6f
s';L{df a:g cfu|x u¥of] . :d[ltn] Ps gh/ lr/alt/ x]/L . ha pm ;
6{ km'sfn]/ l6;6{ nufpFb} lyof] . pm lg8/ b]lvGYof] . :d[ltn] dgdg}
w]/} s'/f u/L . cfkm\gf] k]mldnLnfO{ ;DemL, ;fyLx¿nfO{ ;DemL /
cfk"m Psbd} unt ul//x]sf] p;nfO{ nfUof] . p;nfO{ leq}leq Ps lsl;dsf]
56\k6L x'g yfNof] .
:d[ltnfO{ b]v]/ Ps l5g t lr/a klg df}g /Xof] . s]xLa]/sf] df}gtfkl5
p;n] 7§f ub}{ eGof], æo" jfG6 6' r]Gh of]/ Snf]b\; <Æ
:d[lt s]xL af]lng . pm :d[ltsf] glhs} uof] . xftdf r'Dag ub}{
:d[ltnfO{ p7fof] / cFufnf]df s:of] . lr/asf] eb| Jojxf/ g} sfkmL lyof] .
p;dfly ljZjf; ug{ . t/ klg dgdf 8/ ePsfn] :d[ltn] ;f]wL, æxfdL unt t
ul/x/]sf 5}gf}+ x} <Æ lr/an] :d[ltsf] cfFvfdf x]/]/ eGof], æcfO{ ne
o' :d[lt ÛÆ
cl3;Dd dgleqsf] 8/n] cflQPsL :d[ltnfO{ ;fFlRrs} dfofsf] cfef;
eof] . pm lr/anfO{ r'Dg yfnL . z/L/df ljB'tLo tfk k|;f/0f eof] . b'j}hgf
of}jgsf] Kof; d]6fpg ;lqmo eP . :d[lt sfFKb} lyO{ . lr/asf xftx¿ :d[ltsf
lgtDadf ;nanfpg yfn] . RjfF Û RjfF Û rsn]6 r';]em}+ cfjfh cfpg yfNof]
. w8\sgsf] /km\tf/n] b'j}sf] ;f; aflkmP/ cfof] . lr/an] ev{/} nufPsf] l6;
{6 :d[ltn] ;lhn} k'msfnL . :d[ltsf sk8f lr/asf nflu tuf/f] eP . pm
sk8fleq} xft xfn]/ lkF8fn' s]nfpg yfNof] .
:d[ltsf xft eg] lr/asf] sDd/eGbf d'lgsf] efult/ a9\b} lyP .
lr/anfO{ a|fn] l8:6{a u/]sf] :d[ltn] dx;'; u/L . p;n] l5gd} ;n{Ss
k'msfn]/ a]8df kmflnlbO{ . Ps l5g /f]lsP/ p;n] egL, ænfO{6 ckm u/ g
ÛÆ :d[lt cw{gUg lyO{ .
b'j}sf gfËf z/L/sf] ldng eof] . :d[ltsf] g/d 5fnf / sf]dn :tgsf]
:kz{n] lr/asf] aln/x]sf] cfuf]df l3p ylklbof] . cfuf] blGsof] . b'j}
hGdbfsf avt h:tf lyP To:t} eP . lr/an] :d[ltnfO{ h'?Ss p7fof] / pQfgf]
kf/]/ cf]5\ofgdf la;fof] . plgx? Pscsf{sf] slxn] dfly k/] t slxn] tn ;/] .
cfuf] lgefpg b'j}n] v'a} k|oTg u/] .
 :d[ltn] dg ;Fu;Fu} cfkm\gf] tg klg ;'lDkO{ . p;nfO{ clncln kL8f
klg eof] . ;fob p;sf] of] hLjgdf klxnf] cg'ej lyof] . hxfF p;n] :juL{o
cfgGbsf] cg'e"lt u/L .

)))
/S;L hlt g} w]/} lkP klg cleif]sn] :jl:tdfnfO{ e'Ng ;s]g . ofb
d]6fpg] s'g} cf]vtL x'GYof] eg] ;fob p;n] klxn] g} lnO{ ;s]sf]
x'GYof] . hlt prfOaf6 v:of] Tolt g} rf]6 ulx/f] nfU5 . hlt ulx/fOdf uof]
Tolt g} ufx|f] x'G5 aflx/ lgl:sg klg . dfofsf] ulx/fOdf k'u]sf] cleif]sn] g
t df]tL d]§fpg ;Sof] g aflx/ lgl:sg g} .
Af]n'sLsf] ;do lyof] . xf]:6]nsf] bfFofkl§sf] vfnL 7fpFdf 6f]nsf
s]6fs]6L cfP/ v]ln/x]sf lyP . pm s]6fs6L v]n]sf] b]v]/ Ps l5g /dfof] /
;f]Rg yfNof] . Tof] lhGbuLdf slt v';L 5 . s'g} s'/fsf] lrGtf 5}g . g t
s;}n] 5f8]/ hfnf eGg] 8/ g t s;}af6 w]/} dfofsf] ck]Iff . k'm;{b eP;Dd
v]ln/xG5g\ . emu8f u5{g\ . k]ml/ ldN5g\ . slt lgZ5n dg x'Fbf] /x]5 .
s]6fs]6L cj:yfdf ⁄ t/, ha ltg} s]6fs]6L x'ls{g] 5g\ . cfkm\gf] pd]/sf
x'g]5g\ . ta < pm em;ª\u eof] . Pp6f eofgs t:jL/ p;sf] cfFvf;fd' cfof] .
lsgls p;nfO{ yfxf 5, gofF lkF9Lsf] /km\tf/ .
cd/n] p;nfO{ ljGbf; /xg eGYof] . w]/}k6s ;Demfof] klg– hfaf] Ps
s]6Lsf nflu lsg hLjg a/afb kfb}{ 5f} eg]/ . æhals ltd|f] of] dfof /
xfntsf] af/]df p;nfO{ /lQe/ klg k/jfx 5}g, v'§f eP h'Qf slt–slt ⁄Æ
slxn]sfxLF t cleif]snfO{ xf] h:tf] klg nfUYof] . /S;L lkPsf x/]s
;fFem p;n] cfk"mnfO{ dxTTj lbg] uYof]{ . To:t}df cd/ klg p;nfO{ ;fy
lbg xf] df xf] ldnfpYof] . eGg] uYof]{, æ;+;f/df olt w]/} s]6L 5g\, lsg
ltDn] Tof] lgi7'/Lsf nflu dl/xQ] u/]sf] < csf]{ /fd|L s]6L k6\ofpm g,
To;}sf ;fd' . Tof] eGbf klg /fd|L . clg yfxf kfp5] To;n] .Æ
cd/sf s'/fdf abnfsf] efjgf lyof] . t/, p;n] Tof] ;a cleif]ssf]
xfnt ;'lw|of];\ eg]/ eGg] uYof]{ . cfkm\gf] k]m;a'sdf ePsf @÷$ /fd|f
cg'xf/ cleif]snfO{ ;h]i6 klg u¥of] .
 cd/sf s'/fn] cleif]snfO{ s]xL dfqfdf /fxt lbGy] . Psk6s t p;n]
cd/n] eg]em}+ klg u¥of] . d]g'sf v8\sf, ;fx|} /fd|L lyO{ . d];]Gh/df
s'/f ubf{ub}{ pgLx¿ e]6\g;Dd k'u] . cd/n] g} Rof6 ubf{ ;xof]u ug]
{ uYof]{ . Rof6d} Psn] csf{nfO{ …cfO{ ne o'Ú eGg yfn] . kmf]gdf
klg /flt ca]/;Dd s'/f x'g yfNof] . cleif]s Tof] a]nfdf cln v';L klg
b]lvGYof] .
e]fnL Eofn]G6fOg 8] Û cfh g} p;n] Pp6f ;6{ / Hofs]6 lsGof] .
Eofn]G6fOg8]df lrl6Ss k/]/ pm l5§} lgl:sof], n}grf}/sf]
Pp6f /]i6'/]G6lt/ d]g'sfnfO{ e]6\g . af6f]df Pp6f k"mn lsg]/ emf]nfdf
xfNof] .
ha p;n] d]g'sfnfO{ b]Vof], p;nfO{ lrGg ufx|f] ePg . pm
TolQs} /fd|L lyO{, hlt k]m;a'sdf /flvPsf t:jL/df lyO{ . p;nfO{ b]v]/
d]g'sf d':s'/fO{ . cleif]s klg d';'Ss xfF:of] . pm cln ge{; b]lvGYof] .
6]a'ndf /flvPsf] d]g' ;dft]/ x]g{ yfNof] . p;n] d]g' d]g'sflt/ ;f¥of] /
c8{/ ug{ cfu|x u¥of] . d]g'sfn] Psl5g d]g' x]/L / k'gM
cleif]snfO{ lbb}+ egL, æltdL g} eg g, dnfO{ t h] ePlg x'G5 .’’
cleif]sn] cln cK6]/f] dxz'; ul//x]sf] lyof] . To;}n] p;n] eGof], æcfh ltd|
f] RjfO;sf] vfg] .’’ d]g'sf p;nfO{ x]/]/ d';'Ss xfF;L / d]g' Wofg lbP/
x]g{ yfnL .
s]xLa]/ kl5 p;n] v} s] ;f]Rof] . h'?Ss p7\of] . emf]nf le¥of] .
vfg]s'/fsf] c8{/ e};s]sf] lyof] . d]g'sfnfO{ ;/L Û eg]/ pm ;/f;/ sfpG6/df
uof] . c8{/ cg';f/sf] lansf] ;a} k};f lt¥of] / ToxfFaf6 lxF8\of] . d]g'sf
…cleif]s ⁄Ú eGb} s/fO{ . p;n] kms]{/ klg x]/]g . d]g'sf p7]/ cfpFb}
lyO{, pm /]:6'/]G6 5f]8]/ lgl:sof] . p;n] pSt u'nfasf] k"mn d]g'sfnfO{
lbg ;s]g . ha pm d]g'sf;Fu cfFvf h'wfO{ a;]sf] lyof] . dg / dl:tisdf s]jn
:jl:tdfnfO{ kfof] . p;sf] dgn] s]jn :jl:tdfnfO{ dfof u/]sf] 5 . p;n] cfkm}
+nfO{ lwSsf¥of] / nfdf] ;f; km]¥of] . p;nfO{ cfk"m 7"nf] uNtL
ug{af6 hf]luPsf] dx;'; eof] . u'nfasf] km"n af6f]sf] gfnLdf km\ofFs]/
pm ;/f;/ xf]:6]n kmls{of] .
 )))
sIff !@ sf] clGtd kl/Iff cfpg klg b'O{ dlxgf hlt dfq afFsL lyof] .
sIff !! sf] glthf k|sflzt eof] . ;w}+ cleif]ssf] k|fyldstfdf :jl:tdf lyO{ .
glthfn] ;fy lbPg . pm lkmlhS;df k]mn x'g k'Uof] . p;n] cfkm\gf ;a}
b'Mv cfkm}+;Fu n'sfP/ /fVg yfn]sf] 5 cr]n . p;n] ;fyLx¿ s;}nfO{ klg
kmf]g u/]g . ;fFemsf] ;do eof] ls e§Llt/ hfg] p;sf] b}lgsL ag]sf] 5 .
glthf cfPsf] ef]lnkN6 p;nfO{ l/lbdfn] kmf]g u/L . ;'?df t kmf]g
l/l;e ug{ klg dg nfu]g . k]ml/ v} s] ;f]Rof] / s'/f ug{ yfNof] .
c;kmntfn] dflg;nfO{ ;fFlRrs} sdhf]/ agfpF5 . To:tf] a]nf ;fy /
;xfg'e"ltsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . t/, dfG5]x¿ c¿sf] c;kmntfnfO{ cfkm\gf]
lht ;lDemG5g\ / c¿sf] sdhf]/LnfO{ cfkm\gf] tfst, h;n] ubf{ cefuL
dG5]nfO{ ;w}+ lxgtfaf]w x'g] u5{ . l/lbdfn] ** k|ltzt cª\s k|fKt u/]/
l8l:6+;g NofPsL /lx5] . cleif]snfO{ yf]/} eP klg dg xn'ª\uf] eof], ha
l/lbdfn] p;nfO{ ;fGtjgf lbFb} ;DemfO{ . c;n ldq ToxL xf] . h;n] b'Mv
kbf{ dg}b]lv ;fy lbG5 .

)))
pd]z sf7df8f}+ kmls{gf;fy cleif]snfO{ e]6\g z+vd"n cfof] .
p;n] ;]tf] n'uf nufPsf] lyof] . pm b'MvL b]lvGYof] . afafn] ;w}+sf nflu
;fy 5f]8]/ hfFbf s;sf] dg b'MvL gxf]nf / < cleif]snfO{ o:t} nfUof] .
ef/L dg, ylst lhGbuLnfO{ cf/fd lbg pd]z a]8df yrSs a:of] / ;f]Wof],
æt]/f] l/hN6 s] eof] <Æ cleif]sn] jf:tljstf atfof] . Tof] ;'g]/ pd]zn]
eGof], æ6]G;g gn] of/ Û k'/sdf kf; eOxfN5;\ .Æ
cleif]sn] kfgLsf] af]tn lbFb} eGof], ænf kfgL lkpF5;\ <Æ
pd]zn] xftdf af]tn lnof] / ‰ofnaf6 aflx/sf] b[Zo x]g{ yfNof] . tLg tnf
dflyaf6 pm 6f9f–6f9fsf 3/ x]g{ yfNof] . Tolt g} v]/ cleif]sn] eGof],
æ:d[ltn] klg *) k|ltzt NofO5] x} ⁄ l/lbdfn] eGb} lyO{ .Æ pd]z s]xL
af]n]g . Psl5gkl5 eGof], æxf] / < v} dnfO{ t l/lbdfn] eg]s} 5}g .
yfxf ePg of/ .Æ
 p;sf] hjfkmn] cleif]s xfF:g yfNof] / eGof], ætFnfO{ rflxF
l/lbdfn] lsg eGg'k¥of] lg Û t]/f] a"9Lsf] l/hN6 .Æ
…a"9LÚ zAbn] pd]znfO{ r;Ss 3f]Rof] . pm, cleif]slt/ kmls{of] /
eGg yfNof], æb'O{ dlxgf x'g yfln;Sof] . :d[lt;Fu s'/f gePsf] . jf:tljs
sf/0f s] xf], d}n] a'‰g} ;s]sf] 5}g . xfd|f] hft ldNb}g /] Û pm
dflyNnf] n]]ensf] afx'g /] . To;}n] p;}n] a|]sck u/L .Æ
æuha 5 of/ Û clxn] cfP/ hft ldn]g <Æ
æTof] ;a axfgf xf] To;sf] ⁄Æ pd]zn] cfqmf]lzt x'Fb} yKof], æolb
d]/f] 7fpFdf ljgf]b rf}w/Lsf] 5f]/f x'GYof] eg] To;n] hfteft s]xL
elGbgyL .Æ
cleif]s r'krfk p;sf] s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . pd]zsf] a|]scksf] s'/fn]
pm rlst eof] . p;n] pd]z–:d[ltsf] hf]8LnfO{ ;kmn hf]8L dfGYof] .
a|]scksf] sf/0f– hft ldNb}g /] < cleif]sn] :jl:tdfnfO{ ;lDemof] . Ps lbg
:jl:tdfn] cK7\of/f] dfGb} ;f]w]sL lyO{, ætkfO{+ dw];L xf] <Æ st}
ToxL sf/0fn] t x}g Û :jl:tdf db]lv 6f9f ePsL < pm leq}leq qmf]lwt
eof] .
p;n] pd]znfO{ o:tf] efj's klxn] slxNo} b]v]sf] lyPg . ;w}+
xF;Ldhfs ug]{ uYof]{ . afaf lat]sf] rf]6sf] 3fp klg cfn} lyof] .
To;dfly :d[ltn] wf]sf lbO{ . cleif]s dgdg} ;f]Rg yfNof] . pd]zsf sltko
s'/f cleif]ssf] sfg;Dd k'u] klg dl:tisdf k'u]gg\ .
p;nfO{ gf/L hftb]lv g} 3[0ff nfu]/ cfof] . pd]z v} s] af]Nb} lyof]
. cleif]s a]8af6 h'?Ss p7\of] . dgsf] l/; yfDg g;s]/ pm hf]8n] s/fof],
æs] logLx¿ xfdLnfO{ wf]sf lbg}sf nflu hlGdPsf x'g\ <Æ p;sf] rsf]
{ cfjfhn] pd]znfO{ r'k nufof] . cleif]sn] k]ml/ ;f]Wof], æc¿ s]s] egL
To;n] <Æ
pd]z cleif]ssf] glhs uof] . df]afOnsf] d];]h vf]n]/
cleif]snfO{ b]vfof] . n]lvPsf] lyof], æcfO{ x]6 o' ÛÆ cleif]sn]
Psf]xf]/f] pSt d];]h x]l//Xof] . Ps l5gkl5 p;n] pd]zsf] dlng r]x]/fdf x]
¥of] / ;f]Wof], æt}+n] s]xL elgg;\ < lax] g} u5'{ elGy;\ t ⁄Æ pd]z
r'krfk al;/Xof] . Psgf; ;fd'Gg]sf] leQfdf x]l//x]sf] lyof] pm .
 cleif]sn] k]ml/ ;f]Wof], æt}+n] s]xL elgg;\ < p;n]
tFnfO{ olt;Dd elg5] .Æ
pd]zn] af]tndf afFsL /x]sf] kfgL lkof] . cleif]snfO{ x]¥of] . /
eGof], æd}n] s] eGg] < zAbx¿ t d;Fu klg lyP, kTy/sf] hjfkm k"mnn]
lbgnfO{ . t/, d}n] cfkm\g} ckdfg ug]{ b':;fx; ul/gF .Æ
Tof] ;'g]/ cleif]snfO{ ljj]ssf] ofb cfof] . h;n] eGg] uYof]{, ætF
s]6LnfO{ ;Ddfg ub}{ hf, Ps lbg p;n] tnfO{ b]jbf; agfP/ 5f]8\5] .Æ
Tolta]nf cleif]snfO{ ljj]sb]lv w]/} g} l/; p7]sf] lyof] . t/, cfh p;n]
l/onfOh u¥of]– ljj]s ;xL /x]5 . /, To:tf dfG5]n] slxNo} wf]sf
kfpFb}gg\, h;n] k|]dnfO{ v]nf}gf ;lDemG5g\ .
pd]zsf cfFvf cfF;'n] 6Dd el/Psf lyP . cleif]snfO{ nfUof]– ca
s]xLa]/d} Tof] tnfpsf] kfgLn] l8n kf/ ug]{5 . p;n] pd]zsf] d'xf/df x]g{
;s]g . pd]z cln k/ ‰ofnglhs} uof] / cleif]sn] yfxf gkfpg]u/L cfF;'
k'5\of] . clg eGg yfNof], æd}n] p;nfO{ ;s]hlt ;a}yf]s lbPsf] lyPF–
n'uf, sk8f, Aofu, k};f, l/rfh{, dfof ;a} ⁄ s] sf/0f lyof], n tF g} eg\ t
<Æ p;sf] cfjhdf /f]bg ldl;Psf] lyof] .
æof] ;a s'/f 5f]l8b] of/ ÛÆ cleif]sn] p;sf] lk7\oFdf xft /fVb}
eGof], æk};fn] dfG5] cfkm\gf] x'Fb}g ;fyL ⁄Æ cleif]snfO{ dgdg}
:d[ltb]lv 3[0ffnfu]/ cfof] . æolb To:t} x'GYof] t ;8ssf levf/L / dlGb/sf
k'hf/L ;a} ltd|f x'Gy], k};fn] t dfG5]nfO{ efjgfsf] Jofkf/
ug{ l;sfpF5 .Æ
pd]zn] cleif]ssf sltko s'/f a'‰g} ;s]g . cleif]s klg To:t} kLl8t xf]
eGg] s'/f pd]znfO{ s] yfxf ⁄ t/, h] xf];\, pd]zn] cleif]snfO{ ;fFlRrs}
c;n ldq 7fGof] . p;sf] efjgfTds ;xof]u pd]znfO{ clkl/xfo{ g} lyof] .
b'j}hgf s]xLa]/ df}g /x] . Ps l5gkl5 pd]zn] ks]6af6 lnkmfkmf
lemSof] / cleif]snfO{ lbFb} eGof], æof] h;/L eP klg
:d[ltnfO{ k'¥ofOb] x} .Æ
cleif]s vfd b]v]/ crDd k¥of] . ædf]afOn gDa/ 5}g tF;Fu, kmf]g
u/]/ s'/f ug{nfO{ < geP km];a'sdf s'/f u/\ . lr7L g} lbg'k5{ / <Æ
cleif]sn] eGof] .
 pd]zn] efj's x'Fb} eGof], æk]m;a'sdf ;fyLx'Fb}df / df]afOndf
kmf]g gDa/ x'Fb}df k|]d g} x'G5 eGg] x'Fb}g . dfof t dgdf x'g'k5{ .
dgel/ dfof 5 eg] of] km];a's / df]afOn gDa/sf] klg cfjZostf kb}{g .
lKnh, d}n] pm;Fu sG6\ofS6 ug{ w]/} sf]l;; u/]F t/ ;lsgF . k]m;a'sdf
Ans u/]sL 5] . kmf]g :jLrckm 5 . d pm a:g] 3/df klg uPF . t/,
pgLx¿ ToxfFaf6 cGt} ;l/;s]sf /x]5g\ . lKnh Û cle, h;/L x'G5, l/lbdfnfO{
eg]/ x'G5 of cfkm}+, of] lr¶L :d[ltnfO{ k'¥ofOb] n .Æ
cleif]sn] vfd xftdf lnof] . h'g aGb ul/Psf] lyPg .
æd vf;df ToxL lbg cfPsf] of/ Û ca hfG5' .Æ pd]zn] eGof] .
cleif]sn] lr¶L cfkm\gf] ks]6df /fVof] / eGof], ækv{ Û d klg cfp5'
afg]Zj/;Dd ÛÆ b'j}hgf ;Fu} lgl:sP .

)))
ef]lnkN6 cleif]sn] l/lbdfnfO{ kmf]g u/]/ eGof], æPsbd} ch]{G6
5 . e]6\g ;lsG5 <Æ
æs] xf], To:tf] ch]{G6, a]n'sf e]6\bf xF'b}g <Æ l/lbdfn] hjfkm
lbO{ . p;n] …x'G5Ú eGof] .
pd]zsf] b'Mvn] cleif]snfO{ klg lrlGtt agfof] . p;nfO{ yfxf 5 . lj5f]8sf]
kL8fn] slt;Dd kf]N5 eg]/ Û p;n] cfk"meGbf a9L kL8f
pd]znfO{ e}/x]sf] dx;'; u¥of] . To;}n] pm Tof] lr¶L ;Sbf] rfF8f]
:d[ltsf] xftdf k'uf];\ eGg] rfxG5 .
p;nfO{ stfstf /fxt klg dx;'; eof] . p;n] lhGbuL a'‰b} lyof] . ;
+;f/df b'Mv}b'Mv 5 . /, dfG5] sf]xL klg k"0f{ v';L 5}g . t/, t'ngfTds
¿kdf v';Lsf If0fx¿ dx;'; dfq} x'G5g\ . ;fob To;}n] p;n] pd]zsf] eGbf
cfkm\gf] b'Mv sd dx;'; u¥of] .
a]n'sfsf] ;f9] % aHg} cfF6]sf] lyof], p;n] aa/dxnsf] a; :6kdf
l/lbdfnfO{ al;/x]sf] b]Vof] . l/lbdf ;w}+em}+ clt ;'Gb/ b]lvPsL lyO{ .
cleif]snfO{ l/lbdf hlt g} /fd|L nfu] klg p;n] slxNo} cfF6 u/]g, dfofsf
s'/f ug{ . jf:tjdf p;n] cfk"mnfO{ l/lbdfsf] nfos g} ;De]mg . ;fyL eP/}
af]lnlbFbf klg pm dVv lyof] .
æst} a;]/ lrof lkpFb} ukm u/f}+ g .Æ cleif]sn] eGof] .
ægfOF Û ot} 7Ls 5 .Æ al;/x]sf] 7fpFaf6 cln ;b}{ l/lbdfn] egL, æcF s]
ch]{G6 s'/f 5 eGb} lyof} <Æ cleif]s l/lbdfsf] glhs} a:of] . p;n]
l/lbdfsf] z/L/af6 cfPsf] dL7f] af;gfn] cfkm" klg ;'ulGwt ePsf] dx;';
u¥of] . / eGof], æawfO{ 5 ltldnfO{ .Æ
ælsg lg <Æ l/lbdfn] ;f]wL .
æ6k u/]sf]df .Æ
æYofª\s o' . oxL xf] ch]{G6 s'/f <Æ
cleif]sn] eGof], …xf]Og .Ú
æclg, eg g t s] xf] <Æ l/lbdf hfGg cft'/ eO;s]sL lyO{ .
cleif]sn] uf]hLaf6 vfd lgsfn]/ p;sf] xftdf ydfOlbof] .
l/lbdfnfO{ crDd nfUof] . p;n] ;f]r]sL klg lyOg . cleif]sn]
cfkm"nfO{ nen]6/ lbG5 eg]/ Û p;n] dgdf s]–s] ;f]rL . p;nfO{ leq}leq
l/; klg p7\of] . vfd xftdf lnFb} p;n] egL, æs] xf] of] <Æ
cleif]s Psbd} pbf; b]lvGYof] . vfdleq lr¶L klg lyof] . ;fob l/lbdf
ce}m s]xL ;f]Wg rfxGyL . Tof] eGbf k}n] cleif]sn] egL xfNof],
æ:d[ltnfO{ b]pm n ÛÆ
Tolt eg]kl5 l/lbdfsf] l/; t zfGt eof] t/ p;n] of] a'lemg, cleif]sn]
lsg :d[ltnfO{ lr¶L lbFb} 5 < p;n] dgdg} egL, ;a s]6fx¿ To:t} x'g\ ⁄
/fd|f] s]6L b]Vg' x'Fb}g Psf]xf]/f] ne ub}{ a:5g\ . æltdL klg
:d[ltnfO{=== <Æ l/lbdfn] zª\sfsf] k|Zg t]:of{OxfnL .
cleif]sn] l/lbdfsf] e|dnfO{ lrb}{ ;a} s'/f k|i6\ofof] . p;sf] :d[ltk|
ltsf] l/; ce}m d/]sf] lyPg . /, eGg yfNof], æd}n] t ;'g]sf] lyPF– gf/L
sf]dn x'G5] . efjgfn] el/PsL x'G5] . dfofsL vfgL x'G5] . x/]s gf/Lsf]
dgdf cfdfsf] ddtf el/Psf] x'G5 . t/, cfh yfxf eof]– ;a} gf/L cfdf
gx'Fbf /x]5g\ . sf]xL ck/fwL clg 3ftL x'Fbf /x]5g\ .Æ
Wofg lbP/ ;'lg/x]sL l/lbdfnfO{ cleif]ssf] s'/fn] af]Ng afWo agfof]
. p;n] klg rs}{ :j/df egL, æof] ;a} ltdL, dnfO{ lsg ;'gfpFb} 5f}+,
hfpm p;}nfO{ uP/ eg .Æ
 3/L3/L af6f]df u'8\g] a;n] l8:6{a ul//xGYof] . l/lbdf l/;fPsf] yfxf
kfPkl5 cleif]sn] …;/LÚ eGof] . s]xL If0fsf] df}gtfkl5 l/lbdf g} af]nL,
æd}n] :d[ltnfO{ w]/} ;DemfPsL lyPF . t/, p;n] dflgg . v}
lr/anfO{ dfof u5'{ eGb} lyO{ .Æ cleif]sn] aLr}df ;f]Wof], æsf] lr/a
<Æ
l/lbdfn] egL, æXof 5f]8 . hf];'s} xf];\ . d of] lr¶L :d[ltnfO{ e]6]
eg] lbG5' n . Pp6f s'/f egf}+ cleif]s, xfdL s]6Lx¿ k|foM ;6{6d{sf]
dfq} ;f]R5f}+ . b]vf;]sLd} axlsG5f}+ . To;}n], dfG5] lrGg cln e'n
x'G5 .Æ
æt/, l/lbdf Û :d[ltnfO{ pd]zn] lbPsf] eg]/ gelglbg' n ÛÆ
vfddf s;}sf] gfd n]lvPsf] lyPg . l/lbdfn] ;f]wL, ælsg lg <Æ
cleif]sn] ;a} s'/f ;Demfof] / eGof], æ:d[ltnfO{ luN6L lkmn gx'g]u/L
lbg' . a? Ps–b'O{ lbgkl5 lbFbf klg x'G5 .Æ l/lbdfn] …x'G5Ú egL .
l/lbdfnfO{ pd]zk|lt bof nfu]/ cfof] / :d[ltsf] Jojxf/n] crlDdt agfof] .
;fFem ca /ftlt/ 9lNsFb} lyof] . l/lbdfn] xftsf] 38Ldf x]/L . /, Ps
l5g ;f]r]/ eGg yfnL, ædfG5]x¿ s'/f a'‰b}gg\ . nx}nx}df nfu]/ /dfpg
yfN5g\ . ;fFrf] dfofsf] slxNo} sb/ ub}{gg\ . pgLx¿nfO{ ;:tf] nfU5
;fFrf] dfof . Ps lbg Tof] If0f klg cfpF5, ;fFrf] dfofsf] dxTTj a'‰g], t/
Tolt a]nf w]/} l9nf] e};s]sf] x'G5 . dnfO{ yfxf 5 . pd]zn] ;fFrf] dfof
uYof]{ :d[ltnfO{ / clxn] klg u5{ . t/, s] ug]{, of] b'lgofF g}
dl6l/olnl:6s 5 .Æ
l/lbdfsf] ;f]rfO / a'emfO b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ pmk|lt ;Ddfg hfu]/
cfof] . p;n] dgdf s'/f /fVg ;s]g / eGof], æ;a} gf/L ltdL hlQs} ;dembf/
eOlbPsf] eP of] ;+;f/ slt ;'Gb/ x'g] lyof] xf]nf ڮ l/lbdf d':s'/fO{ . p;n]
k]ml/ 38L x]/L / egL, æhfpmF ca . cFWof/f] x'g yfln;Sof] .Æ
)))

;fFem sn]haf6 kmls{Pkl5, :d[ltn] w]/}k6s lr/anfO{ kmf]g u/L .

t/, kmf]g l/l;e ePg . To;kl5 p;n] d];]h k7fO{ . To;sf] klg s'g} hjfkm
cfPg . xKtflbghlt eof], lr/an] clhasf] x/st b]vfpg yfn]sf] . g t kmf]g
u5{ pm g kmf]g l/l;e g} . l/l;e ul/xfn] klg s]s] axfgf agfO{ s'/f
ug{ dfGb}g . cfh t pm sn]h klg cfPg . af]Nbf klg :d[lt;Fu ems]{/
af]Ng yfn]sf] 5 . k6sk6s :d[ltn] g} …;/LÚ eg]/ s'/fnfO{ ;fDo kf/]sL 5 .
lr/an] a]jf:tf ug{ yfn]kl5 :d[ltnfO{ ;fx|} g/dfOnf] nfUof] . pm
lr/a;Fu s'/f ug{ rfxGyL . t/, s'g} /]:kf]G;g} gcfPkl5 pm a]8df olQs}
klN6O{ . p;sf] dl:tisdf gfgfy/L s'/f v]Ng yfn] . pm dfgl;s ¿kdf tgfju|:t
eO{ . p;n] vfgf;d]t ksfPsL 5}g . :d[ltsL lbbL cfOk'Ug'eof] . /, crDd
dfGb} ;f]Wg'eof], æclxn] ;Dd 8]«; klg r]Gh u/]sL 5}g;\ <Æ
:d[lt s]xL af]lng . pm km6fk6 8«]; r]Gh ug{ yfnL . pm Psbd}
zfGt lyO{ cfh . s]xL a]/kl5 p;n] egL, ælbbL vfgf agfpg ;3fpg' g . cfh
dnfO{ cln ;~rf] 5}g .Æ lbbLnfO{ klxn] g} zª\sf nflu ;s]sf] lyof], æs]
eof] tFnfO{ < 6fpsf] b'Vof] ls < TofF 6\ofan]6 5, vf t .Æ olt eg]/
lbbL afy?d hfg'eof] .
:d[ltn] vfgf klg yf]/} vfO{ cfh . Tof] b]v]/ lbbLn] k]ml/ s]/sf/
ug'{eof] . t/, :d[ltn] s'/f eGg rflxg . klG5g] ;'/n] af]nL, æs]xL esf]
5}g Û xNsf 6fpsf] dfq b'v]sf] . d 6\ofan]6 vfG5' lg, 7Ls e}xfN5 .Æ
ef]lnkN6 ha :d[ltn] k]m;a's …nuOgÚ u/L p;nfO{ yfxf eof],
lr/an] cgk|m]G8u/]sf] /x]5 . To;n] :d[ltnfO{ rf]6dfly rf]6 ylklbof] .
ljgfsf/0f lsg lr/an] o:tf] ub}{ 5, p;nfO{ s]xL kQf] ePg . p;n] lr/asf]
af/]df hfGg lr/as} ldNg] ;fyL /d0fnfO{ k]m;a'sdf d];]h u/L . /d0fn]
cfk"mnfO{ s]xL yfxf gePsf] atfof] .
æltdL s'g 7fpFdf a:5f} <Æ :d[ltn] ;f]wL . /d0fn] hjfkm lbof],
æsflndf6L .Æ
æsflndf6L < lr/asf] ?db]lv slt 6f9f <Æ :d[ltn] km]l/ ;f]wL .
ælr/a, sxfF sfnLdf6L a:5 t < pm a:g] t kf6g xf] .Æ /d0fn] eGof] .
To;kl5 :d[ltn] s'g} l/KnfO{ ul/g . p;nfO{ aNn yfxf eof], lr/asf]
c;nL rl/q . p;nfO{ ;fx|} k5'tf] nfu]/ cfof] . cfkm\gf] l/; yfDg ;lsg /
k]ml/ lr/anfO{ kmf]g u/L t/ kmf]g p7]g . d];]hdf kmf]g p7fpg l/Sj]:6
klg u/L t/ klg l/KnfO{ cfPg . pm 3/L kmf]g uyL{ t 3/L d];]h . s'g}
 l/KnfO{ gcfpFbf pm emg b'MvL eO{ . lbgel/ lr/asf] hjfkmsf] kvf{Odf
a;L . t/, s'g} hjfkm cfPg .
To;kl5 p;n] cfkm\gf] ;+odtf tf]8L / ;s]hltsf] ufnL 6fOk u/L d];]h
k7fO{ . Ps l5gkl5 p;nfO{ ufnL u/]/ d];]h k7fPsf]df k5'tf] nfUof] /
k]ml/ …;/L Û 6s\ 6' dL lKnhÚ eGb} d];]h u/L . t/ klg s'g} hjfkm
cfPg . pm yfls;s]sL lyP ca . p;n] ;f]r]sL ;Dd lyOg– lr/an] p;nfO{ o;/L
o'h u5{ eg]/ . p;nfO{ cfkm}+b]lv bof ;Fu;Fu} 3[0ff nfUg yfNof] .
p;n] cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;lsg . k'gM kmf]g nufO{–
nfdf] 306L uof], cGttM p;n] lr/asf] cfjfh ;'gL . p;nfO{ Ps} l5g eP
klg /fxt ldNof] . p;n] nfdf] ;f; lnO{ / cflQFb} egL, ælr/a Û lKnh 6s\ 6'
dL .Æ
æb]o/ Oh glyË 6' 6s\ ÛÆ lr/an] lagf;ª\sf]r hjfkm lbof] . ælKnh ⁄ lr/a,
ltdL lsg o:tf] ub}{5f} . lKnh Û 8f]G6 OUgf]/ dL, O6 x6\;\ .Æ
pm ;'FSs;F'Ss ug{ yfnL .
æx]/, :d[lt Û d otf 3/df cfPsf] 5' . w]/} s'/f ug{ ;lSbgF .Æ p;n] axfgf
agfof], æcab]lv xfdL s'/f gubf{ g} a]; x'G5, lKnh Û 8f]G6\ sn dL
cu]g .Æ
:d[lt ?g yfnL, p;n] w]/} g} cg'/f]w u/L .
æx]nf]===, :6k of]/ 8«fdf, cf]s] ÛÆ lr/asf] of] ?vf] jrgn]
:d[ltnfO{ cfkm" x]lnt ePsf] efg eof] . p;n] l/;n] cfFvf g} b]Vg 5f8L /
cfkm\gf] dgnfO{ bl/nf] kf/L . p;n] lr/ak|ltsf] ljZjf; u'dfO;s]sL lyO{ . /,
s'g} cfzf ug]{ 7fpF g} gb]lv]kl5 cfF;' k'R5\b} eGg yfnL, æd}n] t
tFnfO{ dfG5] eG7fg]sf] lyP . t/, tF t /fIf; /}5;\ . lkrf; /}5;\ . af:68{ Û
o' cf/ jf];{ b\ofg PgLdn .Æ kmf]g sfl6O;s]sf] lyof] .
pm cf]5\ofgdf 3f]K6f] k/]/ ?g yfnL . df]afOn stf v:of] kQ} ePg . pm
Psf]xf]/f] /f]O{ dfq /xL . ;dosf] ab\nfa xf] of abnf Û j/k/ sf]xL lyPg,
pd]z klg . h;n] cfF;' k'5\g ;SYof] . p;nfO{ a'‰g ;SYof] . cFufnf]df
a]/]/ eGg ;SYof], æx]O{ Û 8f]G6 qmfO{, cfO{ Pd ljy o' . Ple|lyË ljn
aL cn/fO{6 .Æ
 t/ of] abnfh:t} eof] . :d[ltsf] b'Mvdf ;fy lbg] sf]xL ePg .
p;nfO{ c;fWo} kL8f eof] . h'g s;}n] b]v]g . s;}n] ;'g]g . g t s;}n]
a'‰of] .

)))
eG5g\– dfG5]n] of t k/]/ a'‰5 of k9]/ . sltkon] of] b'j} cj:yfdf
klg a'‰bg}g\ . ;dfhdf b'O{ y/Lsf dfG5] a:5g\, c;n / v/fa . t/, cfhef]ln
v/fa dfG5]n] dfq} ;dfh ag]sf] 5 eGbf km/s gknf{ . ;TojfbL / Odfgbf/
dfG5]x¿ e]l6g 5f8]sf 5g\ . logLx¿ ToxL v/fa w'nf]leq x/fO;s]sf
5g\ . ;dfhn] klg Odfgbfl/tfsf] sb/ ug{ 5fl8;s]h:tf] nfU5, To;}n]
xf]nf ;dfhdf ljs[lt a9]sf] .
cleif]s klg slxn]sfxLF o:t} cgf}7f s'/f ;f]r]/ a:5 . j/k/sf] kl/l:ylt
s]nfpFbf klg p;n] ltg} v/fa dfG5]x¿ a9L v';L ePsf] kfof] . /, cfkm}+l;t
eGof]– ca Odfgbfl/tfsf] hdfgf uof] . s}n]sfxLF p;nfO{ klg nfUYof],
hª\unsf] ;f]emf] ?v g} sfl6Gf] ePsfn] ;f]emf] eP/ sfd 5}g . /, afËf]
x'g h?/L 5 . dfgjtf e'n]/ cfkm\gf] :jfy{ k"/f u/f}+ h:tf] klg nfUYof] . t/,
k]ml/ ;f]RYof]– To;}n] t d c¿eGbf leGg 5' .
p;n] ca xf]d 6\o';g k9fpg] ;f]r agfof] . pm cfk"mnfO{ Jo:t /fVg
rfxG5 . pm rfxGg ls ljutsf ofbn] p;sf] jt{dfg aaf{b kf/f];\ . x/]s
dfG5]af6 uNtL x'G5 / ToxL uNtLaf6 kf7 l;s]/ cufl8 a9\g' g} a'l4dfgL
xf] . dfG5] ToxL xf], h;n] uNtL bf]xf]¥ofpFb}g . sltko cj:yfdf c¿sf
uNtLaf6 kf7 l;s]/ klg cufl8 a9\g'kg]{ x'G5 . pm ;f]Rg yfNof]– of]
pd]/df :jl:tdfsf] k|]ddf k/]/ uNtL ul/of] . g t p;sf] ;fy kfpg ;lsof] g
k9fOdf ;kmntf g} . laTyfdf b'Mv dfq} .
t/ cfkm\gf] dfofnfO{ e'Ng klg ufx|f] eof] p;nfO{ . k|foM ;'g;fg
dWo/ftdf pm Ao'FlemGYof] . ;fob PSnf]kgn] ;tfpFYof] p;nfO{ .
s]xLa]/ 6f]nfP/ ;f]lr/xGYof] . cfFvfsf s'gfaf6 cfF;'x¿ ufnfsf] af6f] x'Fb}
cf]5\ofgdf v:y] . pm k]ml/ ;'Tg] k|of; uYof{] . t/, dgsf] 56k6Ln]
p;nfO{ sltv]/ 5f]8\Yof], rfn} kfpFb}gYof] / lgbfpFYof] .
 )))
:d[lt / lr/asf] dfof sfnf] afbnem}+ eof] . Ps l5gd} kfgL em¥of] /
kmf6]/ uof] . tLg lbg eof], :d[lt sn]h guPsf] . lbbL klg sfdsf] l;nl;nfdf
xKtflbgsf nflu lxhf] g} aflx/ hfg'eof] . lxhf] ;fFem dfq dlxdf
p;nfO{ e]6]/ uO{ . lbgel/ PSn} a:bf p;nfO{ emg d'6' g} r'Fl8Pnfh:tf]
x'g yfNof] . cfh klg pm a]xf];em}+ a]8df klN6/x]sL lyO{ .
l/lbdfsf] kmf]g cfof] . l/lbdfnfO{ pd]zsf] lr¶L k'¥ofpg' lyof] .
l/lbdfn] :d[ltsf] cfjfh ;'Gg]lalQs} dx;'; u/L– p;nfO{ ;~rf] 5}g . æs]
eof] tFnfO{ < sn]h sltv]/ hfG5];\ <Æ
:d[ltn] ba]sf] :j/df egL, æd sn]h hfFlbgF of/, ;~rf] 5}g . lKnh
e]6\g cfOh g dnfO{ . PSnf] lkmn e}/f5 .Æ
:d[ltsf] s'/f ;'g]/ l/lbdf rlst k/L . :d[lt klxn] slxNo} o;/L af]n]sL
lyOg . æs] eof] / tFnfO{ < cf]s], tF /]:6 ub}{ a;\ . d !@ ah]leq
cfOk'U5' .Æ l/lbdfn] egL .
kf}g] !@ alh;s]sf] lyof], l/lbdf :d[ltsf] sf]7fdf cfOk'uL .
l/lbdfnfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} :d[lt a]8af6 h'?Ss p7L / ‰jfDd} cFufnf] xfn]/
?g yfnL . l/lbdfn] s'/} a'‰g ;lsg, s] ePsf] xf] :d[ltnfO{ Û s]xL a]/kl5
b'j}hgf a]8df a;] . :d[lt cem} ;'Fs;'FsfpFb} lyO{ .
æg/f] g o;/L ⁄ dnfO{ klg ?g dg nfU5 . s] eof] tFnfO{ eg\ t <Æ
l/lbdfn] :d[ltnfO{ ;'D;'DofpFb} ;f]wL . :d[lt s]xL af]lng . r'nf]df vfgf
ksfP/ /flvPsf] lyof] . l/lbdfn] ?dsf] rf/}lt/ x]/L, sf]7f c:tJo:t lyof] .
:d[ltn] ?Fb} egL, æl/lbdf, t}+n] 7Ls eGb} lyO;\ ⁄ Tof]–Tof]====,Æ
pm emg\ hf]8n] ?g yfnL .
l/lbdfn] ;DemfpFb} egL, æs'/f s] xf] < k|i6 eg\ g .Æ :d[ltn]
l/lbdfsf] d'xf/df x]/L / cFufNb} ?g yfnL . :d[ltnfO{ cK7\of/f] k/]sf] s'/f
l/lbdfn] a'‰g ;lsg . p;n] ;DemfpFb} egL, ;a}eGbf k}n] tF ?g aGb
u/\ .Æ
:d[lt cfF;' k'5\g yfnL . kfFr ldg]6;Dd b'j}hgf s]xL gaf]nL a;] .
sf]7fsf] xfnt b]v]/ l/lbdfn] g} ;f]wL, ælbbL sxfF x'g'x'G5 <Æ
 ælj/f6gu/ . clkm;af6 Ps xKtfsf nflu .Æ :d[ltn] hjfkm lbO{ .
:d[ltnfO{ ca ;fdfGo cj:yfdf b]v]/ l/lbdfn] ;f]wL, æn eg\ t tFnfO{ s]
esf] xf] <Æ :d[ltn] nfdf] ;f; k]m/L . cfk"mnfO{ cfFl6nf] agfpFb}
36gfqmd eGg yfnL . ;a} s'/f Wofg lbP/ ;'lg/x]sL l/lbdf aLr}df af]nL,
æXjf6 < o' :n]K6 ljy lxd\ <Æ
:d[lt r'k nfuL . l/lbdfsf] cfFvfdf x]/]/ 6fpsf] xNnfpFb} …xf]Ú egL
. l/lbdfnfO{ ;lxg;Sg'eof] . pm s/fpg yfnL, æcf/ o' Dof8 < gf]–gf] :d[lt
Û t}+n] s] ul/;\ o:tf] <Æ l/lbdfn] b'j} xft lgwf/df /fvL,
p;nfO{ cfkm\g} 6fpsf] b'lv/x]sf] dx;'; eof] . To;kl5 klg :d[ltn]
afFsL ;a} s'/f l/lbdfnfO{ egL .
s'/f ;'lg;s]kl5 l/lbdfnfO{ s] af]nf}+ eO/Xof] . s;/L :d[ltn] olt
7"nf] uNtL u/L ⁄ Tof] s'/fn] p;nfO{ lrlGtt agfof] . p;nfO{ pd]zsf] s'/f
vf]tNg dg nfu]g . cfnf] 3fpdf g"g 5/];/x x'g]5, olb pd]zsf] s'/f u¥of]
eg] . p;n] lr¶L lbg klg pko'St 7flgg .
l/lbdfn] :d[ltnfO{ ;DemfpFb} egL, æh] eof], eO;Sof] . ca /f]P/
of k5'tf] dfg]/ s]xL k]ml/g]jfnf 5}g . dnfO{ Tof] lr/a x]b}{ km6fxf
nfu]sf] lyof] . ;fnf s'Qf .Æ
l/lbdfsf] s'/fn] :d[ltsf] dg s]xL xn'Ëf] eP/ cfof] . p;nfO{ cfkm\gf]
uNtL l/onfOh eof] . l/lbdf lbgel/ :d[lt;Fu} a;L . a]n'sf ePkl5 l/lbdfn]
egL, æca hfG5' d Û tF cfkm\gf] s]o/ u/\ .Æ
æcfh ot} a;\ g tF ÛÆ :d[ltn] hf]8 u/L .
ældNb}g of/ Û ;fgf] efO 5 . ca t :s'naf6 kmls{g] a]nf klg eof]
p;sf] . PShfd klg cfO{;Sof] k9\g' k5{ .Æ xftsf] 38L x]b}{ l/lbdfn]
egL .
æxf] x} Û cf]s] ÛÆ :d[ltn] s/ ug{ ;lsg . æef]ln t 5'§L xf], tF
cfOh g d]/f]df . a;]/ s'/f u/f}+nf . n d uPF x} .Æ l/lbdf olt eg]/
lgl:sO{ .
l/lbdf uPkl5, :d[ltnfO{ k'gM PSnf]kgn] ;tfpg yfNof] .
p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] lhGbuLb]lv l/; p7]/ cfof] . hlt e'Ng vf]h] klg cfFvfel/
lr/a;Fu latfPsf kn t:jL/ ag]/ cfpg yfn] . p;n] ?ddf olQs} a:g plrt
7flggF, dflyNnf] km\nf]/df a:g] zf/bf lbbLsxfF uO{ .
ef]lnkN6, l/lbdfn] kmf]g u/]/ :d[ltnfO{ cfkm\gf] ?ddf af]nfO{ .
pgLx¿n] w]/} s'/f u/] . ha l/lbdfn] pd]zsf] s'/f ug{ yfnL, :d[lt df}g /xL
. p;nfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g, cfhef]ln pd]z sxfF 5 < :d[ltnfO{ pd]zk|lt bof
nfu]/ cfof] . ;Fu;Fu} k5'tf] klg . cfk"mnfO{ ;a}eGbf w]/} dfof ug]
{ dfG5]nfO{ nTofPh:tf], p;}sf] dg b'vfPh:tf] k5'tf] eof] .
s]xL a]/sf] df}gtfkl5 :d[ltn] ;f]wL, æpd]z sxfF 5 cr]n <Æ p;sf]
af]nLdf bof dfofsf] efj :ki6 emlNsGYof] . :d[ltsf] dw'/ af]nLn]
pd]znfO{ e]6\g] OR5f bzf{O/x]sf] lyof] . l/lbdfn] hfg]/} pd]zsf]
af/]df s]xL elgg . p;n] Psf]xf]/f] :d[ltnfO{ x]l//xL . Pp6f lg/Lx dfG5]n]
;xf/f vf]lh/x]h:tf] b]lvPsL lyO{ :d[lt . l/lbdfn] a'lem;s]sL lyO{, :d[lt
pd]znfO{ e]6\g rfxG5] eg]/ .
:d[ltn] cfkm}+nfO{ bf]ifL 7XofpFb} egL, æd}n] 7"nf] uNtL
u/]F x} l/ Û pd]z ;fFlRrs} /fd|f] dfG5] xf] . dg slt ;kmf 5 p;sf] ⁄ ;fob
p;sf] hlt dfof d}n] d]/f] Kof/]G6\;af6 klg kfPsL 5}g xf]nf . hfteftsf]
em'6f] axfgf agfP/ a|]sck u/]F . ca t d dfkmLdfUg nfos klg /lxgF .
p;n] d]/f] dfofsf] ;+sNk u/]sf] lyof], d}n] p;nfO{ ljsNk agfP .Æ p;sf]
d'xf/ dlng x'Fb} uof] .
:d[ltsf] efj's cg'xf/ b]v]/ l/lbdfn] egL, æx]/\ Û xfdL ToxL g]kfnL
xf}+, h;n] Oltxf;df sfFr eg]/ xL/f 5f]8]sf lyof}+ / xL/f ;Dem]/ sfFr
a6'n]sf lyof}+ . lhGbuLdf Psk6s c;n dfG5];Fu e]6 x'G5, xfdLn]
lrGg ;Sg'k5{, Tof] dfG5] xL/f xf] of sfFr < gq hLjge/ k5'tfpg'afx]s
ljsNk x'Fb}g .Æ
l/lbdfsf s'/fn] :d[ltnfO{ emg\ pbf; agfof] . :d[lt Psf]xf]/f]
6f]nfO/xL . dgdg} cfk"mnfO{ lwSsfg{ yfnL . :d[ltsf] lgGofp/f] cg'xf/
b]v]/ l/lbdfn] c;xh dx;'; u/L . To;}n] s'/f cGt} df]8\b} egL, æhfd\
k}n] vfgf vfd\ . clg u/Dnf o:tf s'/f . k]ml/ ahf/ klg hfg' 5 .Æ
 a]n'sfsf] rf/ alh;s]sf] lyof], pgLx¿ ;f]n';G;\\ / skL lsg]/ l/lbdfsf] ?
ddf kmls{P . l/lbdfn] skL emf]nfaf6 lgsfNb} ;f]wL, æslt eof] pd]z;Fu
s'/f gePsf] <Æ
æb'O{÷ltg dlxgf .Æ ;d[ltn] 5f]6f] hjfkm lbO{ .
æxf] / < pd]z /fd|f] s]6f xf] :d[lt . olb tF e]6\g rfxG5];\ eg]
Psk6s e]6]/ s'/f u/\ g .Æ l/lbdfsf] s'/fn] :d[lt em;ª\u eO{ / egL, æca
klg pd]zn] e]6\nf / dnfO{ <Æ
:d[ltsf] hjfkmn] ;ª\s]t ub}{ lyof]– pm pd]znfO{ e]6\g t8\lk/x]sL
5 . To;}df l/lbdfn] ykL, æp;n] tFnfO{ ;fFrf] dfof uYof]{ of/ . e]l6xfN5
lg . tF e]6\5' dfq eg\ g .Æ
:d[ltsf] xfnt / pd]zsf] xfnt nueu p:t} lyof] . ;fob b'j}hgfsf]
k'gld{ng eof] eg] b'j}sf] kL8f x/fpg]5 eGg] l/lbdfnfO{ nfUof] . p;n]
lstfa ldnfpFb} ubf{ :d[ltsf] Aofudf 8fo/L b]vL, o;f] kN6fP/ x]/L .
nueu n]v]/ :flsg nfu]sf] /x]5 . p;n] :d[ltlt/ x]/L . :d[lt a]8df kN6]/
df]afOndf kmf]6f] x]b}{ lyO{ .
æ:d[lt ⁄Æ l/lbdf s/fO{ . :d[lt h'?Ss p7L . ædnfO{ nfU5
ltdLx¿ e]6 of/ Psk6s .Æ :d[ltn] ;ª\sf]r dfGb} egL, æs] ;f]Rnf pd]zn]
dnfO{ ca . p;n] e]6\g dfGnf / <Æ
ætF To;sf] lrGtf gu/\ . d pd]znfO{ eG5' lg ⁄Æ l/bLdfn] egL .
æt/ d PSn} e]l6\bg . tF klg x'g'k5{, clg dfq ÛÆ :d[ltn] s'/f 3'dfP/
e]6\5' egL . l/lbdfnfO{ :d[ltsf] xfnt b]v]/ c;fWo} lrGtf nflu/x]sf]
lyof] . pm rfxGglyO{– :d[ltn] cfkm\gf] ljutnfO{ ;De]m/, cfkm}
+nfO{ 3[0ff u/f];\ ⁄ To;}n] elgxfnL, æef]ln lbpF;f] d
pd]znfO{ sG6\ofS6 u5'{ . ltdLx¿ ef]ln g} e]6 .Æ
:d[ltn] …x'G5Ú egL . l/lbdfn] cfkm\gf latfax¿ b/fhdf /fvL . /,
:d[ltnfO{ ;f]wL, ætF ;a} a's;\ nfG5;\ cfh} <Æ
ægfOF Û ot} st} 6]a'ndf /fVf\ g . ef]ln nfG5' .Æ
l/lbdfn] æcf]s]Æ eGb} s]xL b/fh d} /fvL / ;f]wL, æof] 8fo/L
cem} t]/f] Aofudf /x]5 . s] u5]{;\<Æ
 :d[ltn] hjfkm lbO{, æXof Û /fv\ g ot} .Æ p;n] 8fo/L klg
b/fhd} /fvL . ToxL df}sf 5f]kL l/lbdfn] b'Oj6f dl;gf] gf]6a's;Fu} lr¶L
klg p;sf] Aofudf /flvlbO{ . l/lbdfnfO{ nfUof], olb :d[ltn] lr¶L k9L eg]
p;nfO{ ef]ln pd]z;Fu e]6\g ;ª\sf]r nfUg] 5}g .
:d[ltn] cfkm\gf] emf]nf p7fO{ / egL, æhfG5' n d . ef]ln
dnfO{ sn u/\ x} ڮ l/lbdf p;nfO{ 5f]8\g af6f];Dd uO{ .

)))
a]n'sLkv, cleif]snfO{ :jl:tdfsL dDdLsf] df]afOnaf6 kmf]g cfof] .
nueu bz dlxgfkl5 . p;n] kmf]g p7fpg'sf] ;f6f] gDa/df Psf]xf]/f] x]¥of]
/ ;f]Rg yfNof] . cem s] afFsL 5 / < d dfly cTofrf/ ug{ . o;/L ;do–;dodf
dg nfu]sf] a]nf 6r{/ lbg'eGbf t uf]nL g} xflglbP x'GYof] lg ⁄ p;nfO{
:jl:tdfsL dDdLb]lv ;fx|} l/; p7]/ cfof] . d'vcufl8 lrNnf s'/f ug]{, k5fl8
eg] if8\oGq /Rg] ⁄ …s}s]O{Ú eGbf sd nfu]g p;nfO{ :jl:tdfsL dDdL .
p;sf] lhGbuL ;DxflnFb} lyof] . k'/fgf ofbx¿ e'Ng /S;L / r'/f]6n]
;fy lbP;Fu}, p;nfO{ lhGbuLn] klg kf7 l;sfO;s]sf] lyof] . xf]d 6\o';g /
k9fOdf p;n] Wofg lbg yfn]sf] 5 cr]n . ;do / kl/l:ylt;Fu h'‰g p;n]
cfk"mnfO{ alnof] agfPsf] 5 . uNtL g} gu/L ;hfo kfpg' p;sf] b'ef{Uo
lyof] . t/, hfgLhfgL b'Mv lbg' kfk xf] .
kmf]gsf] 306L alh/x]sf] lyof] . p;nfO{ yfxf 5, kmf]g p7fPF eg],
b'Mv jf rf]6 lbg] va/ dfq ;'Gg' kg]{5 / h;n] p;nfO{ k]ml/ sdhf]/
kfl/lbg]5 . pm n/v/fpFb} lx8\g' kg]{5 . dlxgf}+b]lv p;n] cfkm\gf]
efUonfO{ klg lwSsfb}{ cfPsf] 5 . ;a}sf] enf] lrtfpFbf, s;}nfO{ b'Mv
glbFbf;d]t cfkm"dfly cGofo e}/x]sf] p;nfO{ nfUof] .
306L w]/} ah]kl5 p;n] grfx/} eP klg kmf]g l/l;e u¥of] . dgdf Ps
lsl;dsf] 8/ klg lyof] . :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] s]–s] g eGg] xf]nf eg]/ . t/, ha
p;n] :jl:tdfsf] cfjfh ;'Gof], pm crlDdt eof] . p;n] ;f]r]sf] ;Dd lyPg .
:jl:tdfn] kmf]g ug]{5 eg]/ . s] eGg] < s;/L, s] s'/f ug]{ < pm cndndf
k¥of] .
æ;~r} x'g'x'G5 xh'/ <Æ :jl:tdfn] ;f]wL .
 æ7Ls} 5 .Æ p;n] dw'/ :j/df hjfkm lbof] .
æxh'/ ;+u s'/f ug'{ lyof] .Æ pbfl;gtfn] el/Psf] cfjfhdf :jl:tdf
af]nL .
æeg g .Æ
æx}g . e]6]/} s'/f ug'{ 5 .Æ
e]6\g] s'/fn], If0f e/d} p;sf] hLjgdf bLkfjnL NofO{lbof] .
lhGbuLb]lv yfs]/ kl/lwdf yrfl/Psf] p;sf] dg stfstf xfjfdf p8\g yfNof] .
kmf]gdf w]/} s'/f gePklg, b'j}hgf ef]ln e]6\g ;xdt eP .
Psflt/ v';Lsf] jf9L cfPsf] lyof] cleif]ssf] dgdf eg] ToxL dgsf] Ps
s'gfdf ;fgf] 8/ klg lyof] . st} of] v';L s]xL knsf nflu dfq} t x}g . p;n]
w]/} ;f]Rof] . p;n] cfkm\gf] dfofdf u/]sf] ljZjf;sf] glthf kfof] . eujfg\n]
g} xfdLnfO{ k]ml/ e]6 u/fPsf 5g\ . ca eg] hLjge/nfO{ Ps x'gnfO{ xf]
. :jl:tdfsf] ;fy kfP ;+;f/sf] x/]s b'Mv;Fu h'‰g ;S5' d . pm o:t}o:t}
/dfOnf s'/f dgdf v]nfpg yfNof] .

)))
;fFem ha :d[lt cfkm\gf] ?ddf k'uL . p;n] Vofn u/L, 8:6lag
kmf]x/n] el/Psf] lyof] . sf]7fsf] xfnt To:t} c:tJo:t lyof] . l/lbdf;Fu
s'/f ;]o/ ubf{ p;nfO{ w]/} /fxt dx;'; eof] . aNn cfh yfxf kfO{ p;n]–
sf]7fsf] xfnt s:tf] 5 eg]/ . /ft kg{ cfFl6;s]sf] lyof] . aQL afnL .
emf]nfaf6 gf]6a's lgsfn]/ 6]a'ndf /fvL . To}a]nf Pp6f vfd e'OFdf v:of]
. h'g aGb ul/Psf] lyPg . p;n] xftdf lnO{, lr¶L /x]5 . p;nfO{ crDd
nfUof] . of] s;/L emf]nfdf cfof] < pm lr¶L vf]n]/ k9\g yfnL–
l8o/ :d[lt,
ljZjf; 5– ltdL hxfF 5f}, h:tf] 5f}+, ;'vL 5f} / v';L 5f} . d}n]
rfx]sf] klg ToxL xf] . t/, lj8Dagf Tof] v';L, Tof] ;'v d}n] lbg ;lsg5'
ltdLnfO{ . ;fob ltd|f] ck]Iff w]/} lyof] . rfxGff c¿ s]xL lyP, h'g d}n]
k"/f ug{ ;lsg5' .
;+;f/df k"0f{ t sf] g} 5 / < t/ klg d}n] k"0f{tfsf] cfef; lbg
vf]h]sf] lyPF . s] sdL lyof] /, d]/f] dfofdf :d[lt Û h;n] ltdLnfO{ daf6
6f9f agfof] . d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;a}eGbf w]/} dfof uy]{+ . cfkm\gf]
km]ldnLeGbf klg w]/} . cfk"meGbf a9L dxTTj d}n] ltdLnfO{ lbPF .
t/, ltdLn] To;}nfO{ d]/f] sdhf]/L ;lDemof} . d;Fu OF6fhqf] df]afOn /
3f]8fhqf] afOs 5}g . t/, ljZjf; u/ Û d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;w}+ ;fFrf] dfof
u/]F . ;w}+ k|fyfldstfdf /fv]F . vf;df ltdLnfO{ g} cfkm\gf] ;+;f/ 7fg]F
. d}n] slxNo} rflxgF ls ;f/f b'lgofFn] dnfO{ lrgf];\ eg]/ . t/, hltn]
lrg]sf 5g\ ltg}n] ;xL cy{df a'lemlbP x'GYof] h:tf] nfUYof] / ToxL d]/f]
b'lgofF lyof] . ltdL d]/f] b'lgofF lyof} . t/, ltdLn] g} dnfO{ ;fFrf]
cy{df a'e]mgf} .
;fob ltDfLn] s;}nfO{ ;fFrf] dfof u/]s} 5}gf} . gq ltDfLnfO{ yfxf
x'GYof] . lj5f]8sf] kL8f slt x'G5 eg]/ . lhpFb} nf; eP/ afFRg'kbf]{ /x]5
:d[lt ⁄ /, x/]s lbg dg'{kbf]{ /x]5 .
dnfO{ b'Mv lbFbf ltdLnfO{ ;'v k|fKtL x'G5 eg],
dnfO{ t8\kfpFbf ltd|f] cf]7df d':sfg cfpF5 eg], 7Ls 5 :d[lt, d}n]
rfx]sf] klg ltd|} v';L . ltd|} cf]7df d':sfg xf] . t/, d}n] ltdLnfO{ s;/L
dfG5] eGg' < gf/L eP/ klg g dfgjtf b]vfof} g t bof g} . ltdLn]
dnfO{ u/]h:t} Jojxf/ c¿ s;}n] ltdLnfO{ gu/f];\ ⁄ eujfg\;Fu oxL k|fygf 5
d]/f] .
;fy t dnfO{ d]/} afafn] klg lbg'ePg, 5f8]/ hfg'eof] ;w}+sf nflu .
ltdLaf6 To;sf] ck]Iff /fVg' ;fob d]/f] e"n eP5 . slxn]sfxLF t
dl/hfpmFem}+ klg nfUof] . t/, lar/L d]/L cfdf s;sf] d'v x]/]/ afFlRng\ ⁄
dg'{ t 5Fb}5 Ps lbg ;a}nfO{, ltdLn] klg . d}n] klg . t/, afFRg'sf]
;fy{stf s;}nfO{ wf]sf lbg' jf t8\kfO/xg' klg t xf]Og .
ltdLn] dnfO{ hlt g} 3[0ff u/] klg . d}n] ltdLnfO{ ;w}+ dfof
ul//xg]5' . ltdLk|ltsf] d]/f] dfof df};dL xf]Og, hf] abln/xG5 . d]/f] dfof
t xfd|f] l8PgP h:t} xf], hf] slxNo} kl/jt{g x'g] 5}g . ltdLnfO{ slt
v';L /fvf}+nf, Tof] t eGg ;lSbgF d . t/, ltd|f] ;fy kfP eg] Ps ;]s]G8sf
nflu eP klg ltd|f] dg b'vfpg] 5}g . tL gogsf k/]nL cfF;'n] slxNo} ?‰g
lbg] 5}g . rfx] kl/l:ylt h:tf];'s} xf];\, x/kn d ltd|f] ;fy /xg]5' .
 olb ltdL d]/f] hLJfgdf ePgf} eg] d]/f] of] lhGbuLsf] ;fob} cy{
/xnf ⁄ To;}n] :d[lt, hxfF 5f}, h:tf] xfntdf 5f}, ldN5 eg] d;Fu s'/f u/ .
e]6 . Psk6snfO{ dfq eP klg e]6 . t/, lKnh ⁄ o;/L r6Ss} dnfO{ PSnf]
kf/L ghfpm Û
Tolta]nf, xfdLdWo] s'g} Psaf6 uNtL x'Fbf b'j}hgf Ps–
csf{nfO{ …;/LÚ eGYof}+ / ;a} ;dfwfg x'GYof] . cfh d xfdL b'j}sf]
tk{maf6 …;/LÚ eGg rfxG5' . ltd|f x/]s ;t{ :jLsfo{ 5g\ dnfO{ . ltd|f]
h:tf];'s} gfh's xfntnfO{ klg ckgfpg]5' d . lKnh :d[lt ⁄ sd Aofs 6'
dfO{ nfOkm . cfO{ ne o' 6Ln dfO{ nf:6 a|]y .
o' h:6 gf]8 of]/ x]8, cfO{ ljn lne lb; jN8{ axfOG8 .
pxL ltd|f] M pd]z ⁄
lr¶L k9]/ p;n] cfkm\gf] dg yfDg ;lsg . pm aRrfh:t} SjfFSjfF ?g
yfnL . p;df cfTdUnfgL el/P/ cfof] . lz/fgLn] d'v 5f]kL 3f]K6f] k/]/ ?g
yfnL . p;nfO{ 7"nf] kZrfQfk eof] . b'lgofFdf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] kfk
cfk"mn] g} u/]em}+ nfUof] . p;n] cfk"mnfO{ s;}sf] nfos ;lDemg ca
. g t ;dfhsf] nfos ;DemL g pd]zsf] g} . pm w]/} /f]O{, lg/Gt/ /f]O/xL .

)))
Psflaxfg} pd]znfO{ sfsfsf] kmf]g cfof] . ;fdfGo xfnrfn ;f]w]/
sfsfn] ;Demfpg yfNg'eof], æcflQg' kb}{g tF . cfkm\gf] k9fOdf Wofg
b] . 3/lt/sf] lrGtf lng' kb}{g t}n] . xfdL 5Fb}5f}+ .Æ pd]zn] …x'G5
ÛÚ eGof] . dDdLsf] xfnrfn ;f]Wof] . ;a} 7Ls /x]sf] kfof] .
p;sf] c:ki6 cfjfh ;'g]/ sfsfn] 7§f ub}{ eGg'eof], æs] eof]
a'xf/Ln] wf]sf t lbOg st} < ne gu/ eGbf dflgg;\ . of] pd]/df t ufx|f]
kf] x'G5 t a]6f .Æ sfsfsf s'/f ;'g]/ pd]z em;ª\u eof] . s]xL a]/ ;f]r]/
eGg yfNof], æs] ug]{ sfsf, d}n] t h'gLel/nfO{ k'Ug] dfof nfO;s] . ca
t dg{ kfP a? cfTdfn] zflGt kfpYof] ls <Æ
sfsfn] 7§f u/] klg pd]zn] eg] cfkm\gf] dgsf] jf:tljs kL8f kf]Vof] .
Tof] ;'g]/ sfsfn] l;l/o; x'Fb} eGg'eof], ædg]{ s'/f gu/\ d'v{ . sf]xL t]/f]
e/f];fdf afFlr/x]sf] 5 . cfF;' n'sfP/ t]/f] lgDtL xfFl;/x]sf] 5, afa' .
cfkm\gf nflu geP klg s;}sf nflu afFRg'k5{ .Æ TolQs}df pd]zn] hjfkm
lbof], æxf] x} sfsf ⁄ d}n] t dhfs kf] u/]sf] t . dDdL klg PSn} x'g'x'G5,
pxfFsf nflu klg afFRg'k¥of] lg d}n], 8f]G6\ jf]/L sfsf ⁄Æ
æn n o:tf] dg]{ s'/fdf 7§f gu/ ⁄ d]/f] cfzLjf{b 5 tnfO{ .Æ olt eg]/
sfsfn] kmf]g /fVg'eof] . sfsf;Fu s'/f ubf{ xfF;f]7§f ug]{ afgL 5 pd]zsf]
. t/, cfh eg] xfF;f]7§f ub}{ hfFbf p;n] jf:tljstf cf]s]n]sf] kQ} kfPg .

)))
laxfgsf] !)M#) aHg} cfF6]sf] lyof], cleif]s :jl:tdfnfO{ e]6\g eg]/
sf7df8f}+ dncufl8 k'Uof] . ANofs, jfg lk;df :jl:tdf Psbd} ;'Gb/ b]lvPsL
lyO{ . p;n] k/} af6 b]Vof] . w]/} lbgkl5 b]v]/ klg xf]nf, :jl:tdfsf]
cfsif{0f cToflws nfu]sf] p;nfO{ . :jl:tdfsf] glhs} uP/ klg pm s]xL
af]n]g . d'xf/ cln dlng lyof] . b'j}n] Ps–csf{sf cfFvfdf x]/] . gog klg
sGkm\o'h eP . st} b]v]h:tf] . st} ulx/f] gftf hf]l8Ph:tf] . cfk;df b'j}sf
cfFvfn] Ps l5g aft u/] / klxrfg u/] .
:jl:tdfn] gh/ cln em'sfO{ / d';'Ss xfF;L . cleif]s klg d':s'/fof] .
sf7df8f}+ dncufl8 dfG5]sf] 3'OFrf] lyof] . b'j}hgfn] cK7\of/f] dx;';
ul//x]sf lyP . cleif]s :jl:tdfsf] ;'Gb/tfdf n¶ b]lvGYof] . :jl:tdfn] egL,
æufnf lrdf]6\g' g d]/f] . k}nfsf] h:t} u/L .Æ jl/kl/ dfG5]x¿ lyP . p;n]
cln c;lhnf] dfGb} :jl:tdfsf] bflxg] ufnf lrdf]6\of] . :jl:tdfn]
cfkm"nfO{ ;DxfNg g;sL, cleif]snfO{ cFufNg k'uL .
jl/kl/sf sltn] x]l//x]sf lyP . slt eg] cfkm\g} w'gdf lyP . cleif]sn]
j/k/ x]¥of] . :jl:tdfnfO{ cfkm\gf] 5ftLaf6 cnUofof] / eGof], æhfd\ lxF8
st} .Æ b'j}hgf ToxfFaf6 e[s'6Ld08ksf] Ps /]i6'/]G6df cfOk'u] .
b'j}nfO{ s]xL vfg dg 5}g . t/, w]/} s'/f ug'{ 5 . t}klg cleif]sn]
b'O{ sk skmL dufof] .
:jl:tdfn] cleif]ssf] xft ;dftL / …;/LÚ egL . cleif]s eg]
:jl:tdfnfO{ x]/L dfq} /Xof] .
p;n] nfdf] ;f; km]b}{ ;f]Wof], æs] s'/f ug'{ 5, eGYof} <Æ
:jl:tdfn] lgwf/df xft nfpb} elg, æxh'/nfO{ d b]lv ;fx|} l/; p7]sf] xf]nf
x} . s;/L egf}, of] ;a} d]/f] km]ldnLn] ubf{ esf] xf] eg]/ .
c+snnfO{ ;a} yf 5 . xfd|f] ;+aGwsf] af/]df . xh'/ dw]zL xf] eGg]
klg . To;}n] d]/f] ljjfx ul/lbg nfu]sf lyP . v} sf] < sf]l/ofaf6 cfPsf]
s]6f ;+u . ljx]sf] s'/fn] dnfO{ l/onfO{h u/fof] ls, d c?s;}sf] x'g ;lSbg .
d}n] xh'/nfO{ kmf]g ug]{ cfF6 klg ul/g . af]Ng] ;a} af6fx? d}n] g}
aGb u/L;s] kl5 . -:jl:tdf PSn} af]Ng yfnL _ bz sIff klg kf; gu/L s;n] ljx]
u5{ /< t/ d]/f] s'/f s;}n] ;'g]gg\ . slt lbg d ef]s} a;] . dlDd ;+uklg
af]nLg . ljx] ug'{ eGbf dg'{ a]z nfUof] dnfO{ . To;}n] * j6f l:nlkË
6\ofan]6 klg vfFP . d a]xf]z ePkl5 xl:k6n k'¥ofPsf /x]5g\ .Æ
cleif]s, :jl:tdfsf] s'/f ;'g]/ ;fx|} cflQof] . 8/fof] klg . æcf] dfO{ u8\ ÛÆ
p;n] k]ml/ egL, æTo;kl5 ljx] SoflG;n eof] . clxn] ;Dd c+sn d ;
+u af]Ng' esf] 5}g . lKnh kmf]/lue dL ڮ p lgl/x h:t} b]lvGyL .
cleif]snfO{ s] egf}+ eof] . …;/LÚ eGg'kg]{ h?/L g} 5}g eGg]
7fGof] p;n] . / s]xL a]/kl5 eGof], æ O{6\; cf]s] ⁄ t/ dfkmL Pp6f ;t{df
dfq} .Æ
æs:tf] zt{ <Æ :jl:tdf 8/fO{ .
æltDn] k|f]ld; ug'{k5{ ls, ca ltdL dnfO{ 5f]8]/ slxNo}
hfFb}gf} . clg dfq dfkm u5'{ d ltdLnfO{ .Æ cleif]sn] eGof] . p;n]
cfkm\gf] k|f]ld; klg ;lDemof] . pd]zl;t u/]sf] k|f]ld; . t/ klg pm r'k
a:of] .
æx'G5 ⁄ cfO{ k|f]ld; Û cfO{ ljn g]e/ lne o' . Tof] a]nf d}n] c¿sf]
s'/f w]/} ;'g]F . xh'/af6 6f9LP . t/, ca d}n] ;a} a'emL;s]F .Æ :jl:tdfn]
elg, æd}n] xh'/nfO{ w]/} b'Mv lbP x} ⁄Æ pm Psf]xf]/f] af]Nb} uO{,
æt/ ca d xh'/sf x/]s b'Mvdf ;fy lbg]5' .Æ
:jl:tdfsf s'/fn] cleif]snfO{ v';Lagfof] . slt a'‰g] ePsL ⁄ p;sf]
cfTdan b]v]/ cleif]s ljZj:t eof]– p;n] slt dfof u5]{ eg]/ . 6]a'ndf skmL
cfOk'Uof] . p;n] skmLsf] Ps r':sL lnof] / eGof], æca klg ltDn] 5f8\of}
eg] d t afFlRbgF xf]nf .Æ
 :jl:tdfn] cln rsf]{ :j/df egL, ægs/fpg' x} xh'/ ⁄Æ p;n] l;l/o; x'Fb}
eGof], æ;fFRr} eg]sf] . d t d5'{ xf]nf .Æ
ælKnh Û of] dg]{ afFRg] s'/f gug'{ g ÛÆ :jl:tdf ;fFRr} 7'l:sO{ .
cleif]snfO{ cfh l/onfOh eof] . p;n] st} k9]sf] lyof]– ;fFrf] dfof
slxNo} db}{g, xf] /x]5 . dfof–lk/tLsf] af6f]df klg sof}+ pQf/r9fj
cfpF5g\ . t/, k|]d ;fFrf] 5 eg] eujfg\n] klg cnu kfg{ ;Sb}gg\ . pm
leq}leq uf}/fjflGjt eof] .
b'j}hgf Ps–csf{sf] xft ;dfTb} ToxfFaf6 lgl:sP . af6f]df :jl:tdfn]
cleif]snfO{ klg Pp6f s'/fdf k|f]ld; ug{ egL . cleif]sn] ;f]Wof], æs]
s'/fdf <Æ p;n] egL, æcasf] Ps dlxgf kl5 d wgu9L hfFb} 5' . xh'/n]
dnfO{ x/]s lbg sn ug'{k5{ cab]]vL .Æ
æTof] klg eGg' k5{ t < ul/xfN5' lg Û dfq ltDn] sn l/l;e
ul/lbg'k¥of] . ToltGh]n t d]/f] PShfdklg ;ls ;S5 .Æ cleif]sn] eGof] .
æltDnfO{ ofb 5 :jl:tdf, k}n] Ps lbg xfdL pm Tof] k;ndf ltd|f] nflu n'uf
lsGg uPsf lyof}+ . /, ltDn] xfdL;Fu Tolt k};f 5}g, dx+uf] eof] eg]kl5
glsgL kmls{Psf lyof}+ ڮ p;n] k;nlt/ cf}+nf b]vfpFb} eGof] .
æcF Û lsg gx'g' < ;a ofb 5 dnfO{ .Æ p;n] ;lDemO{ .
cleif]sn] eGof], æltdL 3/ uP/ cfpm . clg xfdL ToxL uP/ ;lkË ug]{
cf]s] <Æ :jl:tdfn] cleif]ssf] d'xf/df x]/L . cleif]ssf] dfof b]v]/ leq}leq
dVv k/L / p;sf] kfv'/f cfkm\gf] sfvLdf RofkL . cleif]s k"/} ;do :jl:tdf;Fu
latfpg rfxGYof] .
æd'eL x]g{ hfd\ g x} ÛÆ p;n] d':s'/fpFb} eGof] .
æs'g d'eL <Æ
æv} s'g rln /fÚ5 . hfd\ g Û pt} uPkl5 yfxf e}xfN5, lg .Æ
b'j}hgf l;6L ;]G6/lt/ nfu] .
)))

lbpF;f]sf] Ps aHg} nfu]sf] lyof] . l/lbdfn] :d[ltnfO{ kmf]g ubf{ .

kmf]gdf c¿ g} sf]xL af]Nof], ætkfO{+ :d[ltsf] ;fyL xf] <Æ l/lbdfn] …
xf]Ú egL . ptfaf6 cfjfh cfof], æd P;P;kL dgf]h u'?Ë af]Nb}5' . oxfF s];
ePsf] 5 . tkfO{+ rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] oxfF cfOlbg'k¥of] .Æ
l/lbdfn] t'?Gt kmf]g sf6L . pm 5fgfaf6 v;]h:t} eO{ . s]xL s'/f
a'‰g ;lsg p;n] . s:tf] s]; ePsf] xf]nf < lsg :d[ltsf] kmf]g k|x/Ln] l/l;e
u¥of] < dgdf w]/} k|Zgx¿ Ps}k6s plAhP . ef]ln e]6\g] Knfg agfP/
lxhf] lxF8]sL :d[ltnfO{ s] eof] crfgs < st} xTof < p;sf] Ps dgn] eGof]
. xf]Og Û To:tf] x'g} ;Sb}g– csf]{ dgn] ;fGtjgf lbof] .
p;n] km6fkm6 n'uf nufO{ / :d[ltsxfF uO{ . ToxfF k'u]kl5 p;n]
b]vL, s]xL k|x/L plePsf lyP . nueu @)–@@ hgf cGo dflg;sf] hdftsf
aLr cfFugdf Pp6f ;]tf] sk8fn] 5f]lkPsf] nf; lyof] . l/lbdfn] h] gxf];\
eGg] ;f]r]sL lyO{, ToxL ePsf] /x]5 .
ha pm dfG5]sf] eL8af6 nf;lt/ cufl8 a9\g vf]hL, k|x/Ln] p;nfO{
/f]Sof] . cgfrs of] ;a s;/L eof] ⁄ pm d'v 5f]k]/ ?g yfnL . Pshgf k|x/Ln]
l/lbdfnfO{ g?g';\ eGb} cln 6f9f pleg cfu|x u¥of] . l/lbdf a]xf];h:t}
eO{ . pm :tAw eP/ k/}af6 nf;nfO{ 6'n'6'n' x]g{ yfnL .
s]xLa]/d} :d[ltsf 8\of8L / dDdL klg cfOk'Ug'eof] . dDdL
k/}af6 ?Fb} x'g'x'GYof] . k|x/Ln] pxfFx¿nfO{ klg ;'?df t nf;glhs hfg
lbPg . Pshgf dlxnf k|x/Ln] dDdLnfO{ ;DxfNb} x'g'x'GYof] eg] cGo
b'O{hgf 8\of8L;Fu s'/f ub}{ lyP . l/lbdf ToxfF j/k/ /x]sf cGo
dfG5]x¿sf] s'/f ;'Gb} lyO{ .
æk|x/LnfO{ s;}n] xTof u/]sf] cfzª\sf 5 . 5'/Lsf] lg;fgL k]6 /
unfdf klg b]lvG5 / d'v j/k/ ufnfdf gLn8fd klg 5g\ .Æ glhs} plePsf]
Pshgf cwa}+;] dfG5]n] eGof] . Tof] ;'g]/ l/lbdfsf] dgdf zª\sf pkzª\sf
plAhP . pm ;/f;/ ?dleq k;L . ?d Psbd} Jojl:yt lyof] . nQfsk8f 7fpFdf
lrl6Ss ldnfP/ /flvPsf lyP . 8:6lagdf s'g} kmf]xf]/ lyPg . Uof; r'Nxf]
x]bf{ nfUYof], lxhf] /flt vfgf kfs]sf] 5}g . cGo ;fdfg klg cf–cfkm\gf]
7fpFdf ldnfP/ /flvPsf lyP . Tof] ;a b]v]/ p;nfO{ nfUof]– lbbL
cfO;Sg'ePsf] /x]5 .
aflx/ lg:s]/ p;n] :d[ltsf] dDdLnfO{ ;f]wL, æcfG6L lbbL
cfpg'eÚsf] xf] <Æ pxfFn] 6fpsf] xNnfP/ …gfOFÚsf] ;ª\s]t lbg'eof] .
To;kl5 l/lbdfn] P;P;kL u'?ËnfO{ ;f]wL, æs]xL k|df0f e]§fpg'eof]
xTof;DaGwL < d p;sf] ;fyL l/lbdf .Æ P;P;kLn] Ps l5g t l/;fP/ x]¥of] . /
ks]6af6 Pp6f ;fgf] sfuhsf] 6'qmf lgsfn]/ lbof] . l/lbdfn] vf]n]/ x]/L .
XofG8 /fOl6Ë :d[lts} lyP . h;df n]lvPsf] lyof],
æd]/f] hLjgdf lahg];d]g aGg] ;kgf x'Fbfx'Fb} klg d}n]
jf:tljstfnfO{ ga'emL b]vfl;sLd} unt ljsNk 5fGg k'u]F . d]/f] d[To'sf]
sf/0f c¿ sf]xL geO{ d :jo+ g} xf] . d d/]kl5 s;}nfO{ klg d]/f] sf/0fn]
b'Mv glbg'xf]nf .Æ
Tolt k9]kl5 l/lbdfn] ;a} s'/f 5n{Ë a'emL . p;nfO{ yfxf 5–
lahg];d]gaGg] ;kgf pd]zsf] xf] . p;n] dgdg} egL, of] s'g} xTof
xf]Og . cfTdxTof xf] . o;sf] sf/0f, pd]zsf] kq / pd]zn] ug]{ cyfx,
lgZjfy{ / lgZ5n dfof xf] .
ætkfO{+ of] XofG8 /fOl6Ë lrGg'x'G5 <Æ P;P;kLn] ;f]Wof] .
l/lbdf Psbd} cflQPsf] b]v]/ P;P;kLn] k]ml/ ;f]Wof], æs] eof]
tkfO{+nfO{ < of] /fOl6Ë lrGg' x'G5 <Æ l/lbdfnfO{ 8/ nflu/x]sf]
lyof] . st} pd]zsf] kq t kfPgg\ k|x/Ln] < p;n] cflQFb} ;f]wL, æc¿ s]xL
kfpg'eof] tkfO{+n] o:tf] cGo k|df0f <Æ P;P;kLn] eGof], æcFx,
xfdLnfO{ of] elglbg';\ ls of] XofG8 /fOl6Ë s;sf] xf] <Æ
æof] :d[ltn] g} n]v]sf] xf], p;}sf] XofG8 /fOl6Ë xf]] .Æ l/lbdfn]
hfjkm lbO{ . TolQs}df nf;nfO{ kf]i6df]6{dsf nflu cnsf xl:k6ndf
n}hfg yflnof] . P;P;kL u'?Ën] hfg] a]nfdf k]ml/ eGof], æxfdL
cg';Gwfg ub}{5f}+ . cfjZos k/] tkfO{+nfO{ ;f]wk'5sf nflu
af]nfpg ;S5f}+ . tkfO{+ cfpg'kg]{ x'G5 .Æ
l/lbdfn] s'g} k|ltlqmof lbOg . nf;nfO{ k|x/Ls} uf8Ldf /fv]/
xl:k6ntk{m nluof] .

)))
ef]lnkN6 laxfg, l/lbdf g'g vfP/ emf]qmfPsf] s'v'/fh:t} lyO{ .
lxhf]b]lv p;nfO{ c;Xo kL8f eO/x]sf] 5 . ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] b'3{6gfn]
p;nfO{ ljlIfKt agfof] . dg / dl:tisdf w]/} s'/f v]Ng yfn] . :d[lt;Fu latfPsf
x/]s kn ca :d[ltd} ;Lldt /xg] eP . p;n] kmf]g u/]/ s;}nfO{ eGg] lxDdt
g} ul/g . pm b'ljwfdf k/L . of] ;a s'/f cleif]s / pd]znfO{ eGg] ls geGg]
< cGttM p;n] cleif]snfO{ kmf]g u/L / ;a} 36gfqmd atfO{ .
pm slxn] leQfdf e'm08\ofOPsf] kfqf] x]/]/ 6f]nfpFyL t slxn]
38Lsf] l6sl6snfO{ Wofg lbP/ ;'GyL . Kof/fnfOl;; ePsf] la/fdLem}+
lyof] p;sf] xfnt . ha p;sf cfFvf b/fhdf /flvPsf] 8fo/Ldf cfP/ cl8PM pm
em;ª\u eO{ . a]8af6 p7]/ pm b/fhglhs} uO{ / Psf]xf]/f] pSt
8fo/LnfO{ x]g{ yfnL . p;n] Tof] 8fo/Ltk{m xft a9fpg vf]hL . t/,
p;nfO{ 8/ nfu]/ cfof] . dfgf}+ s'g} eofgs k|no To;df ;dfj]z ul/Psf] 5 .
of s'g} e"tk|]tn] Tof] 8fo/Ldf af; ul//x]sf] 5 . p;sf] xft sfKg yfNof] .
uf]8f y/y/fpg yfn] . s] xf]nf Tof] 8fo/Ldf < lsg cfh p;nfO{ olt qf;
eof] . pm kms]{/ a]8df yrSs a;L . gogn] pSt 8fo/LnfO{ 3'l//x] .
cleif]snfO{ l/lbdfsf] s'/f kTofpg} ufx|f] eof] . Psflaxfg} l/lbdfn]
e"m6 af]Ng] s'/f klg ePg . p;n] s]xL ;f]Rg ;s]g . dl:tis l:y/ eP/ cfof] .
dgdf cgf}7f] kL8f eof] . p;sf] z/L/n] zf/Ll/s Ifdtf u'dfof] .
pd]znfO{ kmf]g ug{ vf]Hof] . t/, k]ml/ ;f]Rof] s] eGg] xf]nf
p;nfO{ . :d[lt d/L . tFnfO{ 5f]8]/ of] ;+;f/af6 ;w}+sf nflu uO{ < p;n]
o;f] ug'{ plrt 7fg]g . s]xL dlxgfcufl8 dfq pd]zsf] afafn] p;nfO{ 5f8]/
hfg'eof] . k]ml/ of] kL8fn] pm emg sdhf]/ x'g ;S5 cleif]s o:t}o:t}
;f]r]/ al;/Xof] .
t/, of] n'sfP/ n'Sg] s'/f klg t xf]Og . cleif]sn] pd]znfO{ l/lbdfn]
eg]sf ;a} s'/f h:tfsf] To:t} elglbof] . Tolt ubf{ cleif]snfO{ Psbd} ysfg
dx;'; eof] . pm cf]5\ofgdf klN6of] .
:d[ltsf] d[Tosf] va/n] pd]znfO{ ;lxg;Sg' kL8f eof] . p;n] kqdf
Psk6s dfq eP klg e]6\gnfO{ cg'/f]w u/]sf] lyof] . t/, :d[ltn] t slxNo}
ge]6\g] u/L of] ;+;f/} 5f]8]/ uO{ . a|]sck ePkl5 p;nfO{ s]xL l/; klg
p7]sf] lyof] . t/, clxn] kl/l:yltn]] cs}{ df]8 lnPsf] 5 . dl:tisdf s]jn
;Demgf 5 eg] dgel/ p;sf nflu dfof .
;dosf] abnfj klg Ps lsl;dsf] gx'Fbf] /x]5 . pd]zn] slxNo} ;f]r]sf]
lyPg– ;do o;/L ablng]5 / olt 7"nf] ljklQ cfpg]5 eg]/ . dlxgf}+ eO;Sof]
p;n] b'Mv;Fu ;fIffTsf/ ug{ yfn]sf] . b'Mv t b'Mv} xf] t/ kL8f
a]Unfa]Un} Û p;n] efUonfO{ klg ;/fKg' ;/fKof] . eujfg\;Fu klg u'gf;f]
u¥of] . oqf] ;ft ca{ dfG5] /x]sf] of] k[YjLdf p;n] cfk"mnfO{ PSnf]
kfof] . b'Mv / kL8fn] el/Psf] p;sf] lhGbuL ljzfn e?d"ldsf] ofqfem}+
eof] . p;n] cfk"mnfO{ ;DxfNg ;s]g, a]xf];a]xf]; eO{ ToFxL a]8df
n8\g k'Uof] .

)))
xKtflbg kl5,
cleif]s cfh 6\o';g k9fpg ghfg] eof] . To;}n] p;n] kmf]g u/]/
cfkm" 6\o';g k9fpg gcfpg] hfgsf/L u/fof] / ;/f;/ pd]znfO{ e]6\g uof] .
6]a'ndf lstfa lkmhfP/ pd]z df]afO{n v]nfpFb}lyof] .
cleif]snfO{ b]Vg]lalQs} a:g cfu|x u¥of] p;n] . pd]z lrlGtt b]lvGYof] .
cleif]s c;d~h:odf k¥of] . p;sf] glhs} uof] / 6]a'ndf /x]sf] Pp6f lstfa
xftdf lnP/ eGg yfNof], æca 6]G;g gn] of/, o:t} n]lvPsf] /x]5 t efUodf ⁄
s] u5{;\ <Æ
pd]zn] b'j} xftn] lgwf/df lyRb} eGof], æs;/L eof] of/ of] ;a <Æ pm
e8\lsg yfNof] . æslt ;lhnf] e};Sof] x}, dg{ klg ⁄ pm ;dembf/ lyO{ .
t/, lsg a'‰g ;lsg, dg'{ ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg xf]Og eGg] s'/f ÛÆ pd]zn]
cleif]slt/ x]/]/ eGof], æs] ePsf] /x]5 < s]xL kQf nfUof] <Æ
cleif]s s]xL af]n]g . p;n] pd]zsf] afofF xftdf ePsf] 6\of6'nfO{ 3f]l/P/
x]¥of] . :d[ltsf] gfdsf] klxnf] cIf/ …P;Ú n]lvPsf] lyof] . p;n] pd]zsf] xft
;dfTof] / a"9L cf}+nfn] …P;ÚnfO{ /u8\g yfNof] . dfgf}+, pm d]6fpg
vf]Hb} 5 . p;n] klxn] slxNo} Vofn u/]sf] lyPg Tof] 6\of6' .
pd]zn] nfdf] ;f; k]m/]/ eGof], æ5f]8\b] of] d]l6Gg . eg\ g s] ePsf]
/x]5 <Æ
æYffxf ePg of/ Û v} sf] lr/anfO{ dg k/fpFyL /], :d[tL . Æ cleif]sn]
lg/fz x'Fb} eGof] . pd]zsf] xfnt b]v]/ cleif]snfO{ g/dfOnf] nflu/x]sf]
lyof] . pd]zn] cleif]ssf] cg'xf/df x]¥of], t/ pm s]xL af]n]g . emg
;f]rdUg b]lvof] pm . s]xLa]/sf] df}gtfkl5 pd]zn] eGof], æb'lgofF
;fx|} :jfyL{ /x]5 .Æ
æhfpmF lxF8 /S;L vfg .Æ dg axnfpgs} nflu cleif]sn] eGof] .
pd]zn] cleif]ssf] cg'xf/ vfpFnfem}+ u/L x]/]/ eGof], æcxF Û /S;L t d
nfOkmdf slxNo} gvfg] . dnfO{ /S;L vfg 5'6fPsf] d]/f] dfofn] xf] . d
:d[ltnfO{ p;sf] cg'kl:ytdf wf]sf lbg ;lSbgF of/ . pm k|ltsf] d]/f]
dfof ;w}+ /lx/xg]5 .Æ
cleif]snfO{ p;sf s'/fn] efj's agfof] . cleif]snfO{ nfUYof], cfk"mn]
h:tf] ;fFrf] dfof of] ;+;f/df c¿ s;}n] s;}nfO{ ub}{g . t/, pd]zsf]
jrga4tf b]v]/ cfh pm rlst k¥of] . p;nfO{ cfh k]ml/ l/onfOh eof]– ;fFrf]
dfof slxNo} gdg]{ /x]5, dfG5] d/]/ uP klg .
Tf}klg cleif]s pd]znfO{ ;demfpg yfNof], æx]/\ Û ca w]/} lrGtf
g n] . t}+n] w]/} ;f]r]/ cfkm}+n] cfkm}+nfO{ sdhf]/ kfb}{5;\ . 3/df
kmf]g u/]/ dDdL;Fu s'/f u/\ Û dg xn'ª\uf] x'G5 . n x}, tF cfkm\gf]
Vofn u/\ . ;fFem kl/;Sof] . d hfG5' ca . ef]ln z+vd'nlt/ cfO{h n Û
PSn} ?ddf ga;\, PSnf]kgn] emg lk/f]N5 . d sn u5'{ lg ÛÆ km6fkm6
cfkm\gf s'/f ;s]/ cleif]s lxF8\of] .
pd]z k'gM PSnf]kgn] 3]l/of] . p;nfO{ cleif]sn] eg]sf s'/f 7Ls}
nfUf] . w]/} lrGtf lnP/ a:of] eg] sdf]hf]/ dfq eOG5 . d/]/ hfg] t uO;s],
wf]s]afh . afFr]sfx¿n] hlt g} cnfkljnfk u/] klg kms]{/ cfpg] 5}gg\,
olb kms]{/ g} cfpg'Yof] eg] ;fob 5f8]/ hfg] lyPgg\ . p;n]
cfk"mnfO{ ;DxfNof], ;Demfof] / kL8f lnP/ a:g'sf] cy{ gePsf]
lgisif{ lgsfNof] .
s]xL dfqfdf eP klg p;sf] dg xn'ª\uf] eof], pm Tolt ;fx|f] b'MvL
ePg, hlt x'g'kYof]{ . ;fob pm a9L g} b'MvL x'g] lyof] xf]nf, olb
:d[ltn] p;nfO{ 5f8]/ c¿ s;}nfO{ cFufn]sf] eP . a|]sck ePsf] klg #
dlxgf e};s]sf] lyof] . t/, ca t g afF; 5 g t afF;'/L g} aHg]5 .
pm km]l/ ;f]Rg yfNof]– of] pd]/df o;/L dfofdf kg'{ unt /x]5 . ca
ToxL ljutnfO{ ;lDemP/ jt{dfgdf clNem/xg' csf]{ sdhf]/L xf] . / s;}sf]
ofbdf aaf{b x'g' d'v{tf . p;sf] dgdf hfFu/ el/P/ cfof] . h] eof], eof] .
dfG5]n] uNtL bf]xf]¥ofpg' x'Fb}g . ca of] dfof–;fof eGbf klg p2]Zo
k|fKtLlt/ nfUg' j]z 7fGof] p;n] .
Aff]tnsf] cfwf kfgL 3636\ lkof] / h'?Ss p7\of] pm . ;fob p;n]
lhGbuLnfO{ a'‰of] . hLjgdf cfPsf kxf8 ;/L b'Mvn] p;nfO{ hLjgsf]
kf7 l;sfP/ uP . p;n] /fxtsf] ;f; k]m¥of] / 3/df dDdLnfO{ kmf]g nufof] .
)))

sIff !@ sf] kl/Iff ;lsPsf] klg rf/lbg e};s]sf] lyof] . a;kfs{sf] Pp6f
k;naf6, k|'m6L, s'/d'/], O{ldnL, k'i6sf/L cflb lrhlah lsg]/ cleif]sn]
:jl:tdfnfO{ lbof] . gLnf] lhG; / sfnf] l6;6{df pm ;fx|} /fd|L b]lvPsL
lyO{ .
æca'O{ slt w]/} .Æ p;n] ufnfdf xft nfpFb} egL . æ/fv g . a;df
vfg' .Æ cleif]sn] ks]6af6 ?= ;osf] Pgl6;L l/rfh{ sf8{ klg lbFb} eGof],
of] klg /fv . df]afOndf w]/} uLt g;'g n . Aof6«L ;lsG5 . k]ml/ :jLr ckm
xf]nf lg .Æ
uf8Lsf] cfjfh / dflg;x¿sf] xf]–xNnf p:t} lyof] a;kfs{df . lbpF;f]sf] b'O{
ah]sf] lyof] . cleif]sn] a;sf] l6s6 x]b}{ eGof], æce}m c9fO{ 306f 5
a; 5'6\g . ltdL s]xL vfG5f} <Æ :jl:tdfn] 6fpsf] xNnfP/ …gfOFÚ egL Û
æslt 306f nfU5 wgu9L k'Ug <Æ cleif]ssf] pT;'stf . æTo:t} !%–!^
306fhlt t xf] lg ⁄ clg cfh tkfO{+ 6\o';g k9fpg ghfg] <Æ :jl:tdfn] egL .
ærf/ ah]af6 xf], hfDnf lg 6fOd5 .Æ cleif]sn] hjfkm lbof] . p;n] k]ml/
l6s6 x]¥of] . a; 5'6\g] ;do $M#) ah] . l;6 g+= …PÚ % . a; g+= …
gfÚ @ …vÚ %^!& .
æ;q < ;q t vt/f kf] x'G5 t ⁄Æ p;n] eGof] . :jl:tdfn] p;sf] d'xf/df x]/]/
egL, æs]/] <Æ
pm d';'Ss xfF:of] / eGof], æx}g dhfs u/]sf] .Æ
æxh'/ lsg o:tf] s'/f ug'{x'G5 xF < slxn] dg]{ s'/f . slxn] vt/fsf s'/f .
/fd|f] ;f]Rg';\ s] . ;a /fd|f] x'G5 .Æ :jl:tdfsf] s'/fn] cleif]s s]xL af]n]g .
p;nfO{ Tof] ljifodf c¿ af]Ng dg} nfu]g . p;n] 6lks g} r]Gh u¥of] /
;f]Wof], æslxn] kmls{G5f} ltdL < cF, ;fFRrL s;sf] lax] /] <Æ
æxKtflbgkl5 kmls{xfN5' lg . dfdfsf] 5f]/Lsf] lax] xf] . d kmf]6f]
NofP/ cfpF5' n .Æ :jl:tdfn] hjfkm lbO{ .
pgLx¿n] w]/} s'/f u/] . cleif]snfO{ cfh 6\o';g k9fpg hfg dg}
5}g . ;do cln l9nf] lat]sf] eP x'GYof] h:tf] p;nfO{ nflu/Xof] . :jl:tdfn]
38L x]/L– #M!% aHg} cfF6]sf] lyof] . p;n] cleif]snfO{ cfkm\gf]
38Ldf ;do b]vfpFb} egL, æxh'/sf] hfg] a]nf eof] .Æ
cleif]sn] 38LnfO{ glhs}af6 x]¥of] / eGof], ænf} aNn # t ah]5,
To} klg ltd|f] 38L kmf:6h:tf] 5 .Æ :jl:tdfn] df]afOnsf] ;do klg
b]vfO{ . cleif]ssf] axfgf grn]kl5 p;n] eGof], æca kfFr ldg]6 a:5' n
ÛÆ
cleif]snfO{ x]/]/ :jl:tdf d':s'/fO{ / egL, æcf]s] .Æ
kfFr ldg]6 ;do laTg]lalQs} :jl:tdfn] k]ml/ egL, æxh'/sf] 6fOd ckm .Æ
cleif]snfO{ eg] Ps ldg]6 klg eOg;s]h:tf] nfu]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdfn] lh2L
ub}{ egL, æhfg' s] ca xh'/+, d uOxfN5' lg ⁄Æ
cleif]sn] cfkm\gf] df]afOndf ;do x]¥of] . p7\of] . / eGof], æcf]s]
⁄ d hfG5' . lue dL c xu ⁄Æ :jl:tdfn] cK7\of/f] dfGb} ;f]wL, æs] /] <
oqf] dfG5]sf] cufl8 < cFx x'Fb}g .Æ
t/ cleif]s /f]lsPg, æTo;f] eP d ghfg] . ltDnfO{ a; d} r9fP/ hfG5' .Æ
pm km]l/ a]Grd} a:of] .
:jl:tdf bf]wf/df k/L, dgdg} egL– s:tf] dfG5] xf]nf ⁄ p;n]
bfFofafFof j/k/ x]/L / egL, æcf]s] cfpg' ⁄Æ cleif]sn] bfofFafFof st}
gx]/L, s]xL g;f]rL, :jl:tdfnfO{ cFufnf] xfNof] . /, sfgdf ;':t/L eGof],
æcfO{ ne o' ÛÆ :jl:tdf xQkQ p;sf] cFufnf]af6 cnu eO{ / …afO{Ú
eGb} xft xNnfO{ .

)))

laxfg, p7\g]lalQs} cleif]sn] :jl:tdfnfO{ kmf]g nufof] . df]afOn

km]l/ klg l:jrckm lyof] . p;n] k]ml/ 6«fO{ u¥of] . l:jrckm g} eGof] .
lxhf] /flt klg nueu (M)) ah]lt/ kmf]g ubf{, kmf]g p7]sf] lyPg . t/, s]xL
If0fkl5 d];]h cfPsf] lyof] . wflbË k'u]F eg]/ . To;sf] s]xL a]/df k'gM sn
ubf{ df]afOn l:jrckm lyof] .
laxfgsf] (–!) ah]lt/ t pm wgu9L k'lu;S5] . p;n] dgdg} lx;fa
u¥of] . bz aHg} nfu]sf] lyof] . pm vfgf vfg 8fOlgª xndf uof] . ToxfF
c¿ klg lyP . hf] l6eL x]b}{ vfO/x]sf] lyP . cleif]s klg vfg yfNof] .
cl3;Dd lxGbL lkmNdL uLtx¿ alh/x]sf lyP l6eLdf . TolQs}df s;}n]
Rofg]n r]Gh u¥of] . PleGo"h 6]lnlehgdf km\nf; Go'h lbO/x]sf] lyof]–
lqz'nLdf a; v:of], rfnsnufot a;df ;jf/ ;a} ofq'sf] d[To' ePsf] cfzª\sf .
;'?df t cleif]sn] jf:tf u/]g . g]kfndf ;jf/L b'3{6gf x'g' ;fdfGoem}+
eO;Sof] . ha a|]lsË Go"hdf aflrsfn] ;drf/ kl9g\, sf7df8f}+af6
wgu9Ltkm{ uO/x]sf] gf @ v %^!& gDa/sf] a;, lxhf] /flt
lqz'nLdfgbLdf b'3{6gfu|:t ePsf] 5, . b'3{6gfdf k/L rfnsnufot ;Dk"0f{
ofq'sf] d[To' ePsf] x'g ;Sg] ;|f]tn] hgfPsf] 5 . h;dWo] s]xL nf;
x/fO/x]sf] x'Fbf nf;sf] vf]hL sfo{ tLj| kfl/Psf] 5 . g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|
x/Lsf] 6f]nL laxfgb]lv g} vf]hL sfo{df ;+nUg 5g\ .
cleif]sn] csf]{ Ps ufF; d'vdf xfNg ;s]g . pm h'?Ss p7\of] . yfnL
lnP/ h'7f efF8f /fVg] 7fpFdf kmfNof] . /, xftg} gwf]O{sg pm ?ddf
uof] . :jl:tdfnfO{ snu¥of] . df]afOn l:jrckm g} lyof] . :jl:tdfsL
dDdLnfO{ kmf]g nufof] . kmf]g p7]g . :Jl:tdfn] slxn]sfxLF ug]{ cGo
gDa/df klg p;n] kmf]g nufof], st} kmf]g nfu]g t s'g}df cfjfh g}
cfPg .
p;nfO{ g]kfn 6]lnsdb]lv ;fx|} l/; p7]/ cfof] . rflxPsf] a]nfdf
g]6js{n] sfd gug'{ t 6]lnsdsf] ljz]iftf g} xf] . p;nfO{ s] u/f}+, s;f]
u/f}+ eof] . 56\k6L nfUg yfNof] . k]m;a's nu Og u/]/ x]¥of] .
:jl:tdfsf] s'g} ck8]6 lyPg . p;n] OgaS;df d];]h n]v]/ 5f]8\of] . 3/L
kmf]g 6«fO{ uYof]{ t 3/L kmf]g gnfu]sf]df ufnLunf}h uYof]{ . pm
bu'{b}{ k'gM 8fO{lgË xndf cfof] . xft wf]of] / ;dfrf/nfO{ Wofg lbP/
x]g{ yfNof] . a; g+= ToxL lyof], h;df :jl:tdf r9]sL lyO{ . nf; e]l6Psf
dWo] ;a}sf] ;gfvt e};s]sf] lyof] . p;n] cfzf ug]{ s'g} 7fpF b]v]g . ?
ddf uof] . lrRofof] . s/fof] . 6]a'n hf]8n] 76fof] . k'gM :jl:tdfsL
dDdLnfO{ kmf]g nufof] . kmf]g l:jrckm lyof] .
p;n] eujfg\nfO{ ;d]t ufnL u¥of] . …d]/f] hLjgdf dfq lsg x'G5
o:tf] < s] uNtL u/]sf] 5' / d}n] < olt 7"nf] ;hfo lbgnfO{ ⁄Ú
s]xL lbgcufl8 dfq} :jl:tdf p;sf] hLJfgdf kmls{PsL lyO{ . eGg]
uyL{, æcab]lv d tkfO{+nfO{ slxNo} 5f8]/ hfFlbgF . d}n]
tkfO{+nfO{ w]/} b'Mv lbPF . ca d tkfO{+sf x/]s b'Mvdf ;fy
lbg]5' .Æ t/, dlxgflbg laTg gkfpFb} cleif]ssf] hLjgdf oqf] 7"nf] ah|kft
cfOnfUof] . p;n] dgdf kL8f n'sfP/ hLpg hflg;s]sf] lyof] . t/, of] 36gfn]
p;nfO{ leq}b]lv rsgfr'/ kfl/lbof] .
p;nfO{ ca afFRg'sf] cf}lrTo gePsf] efg eof] . b'Mv} b'Mvn] x/]s
If0f t8\lkg'eGbf Ps}k6s dg'{ a]; x'g] lgisif{ lgsfNof] . p;n] cfk"m
lhpg'sf] s'g} cfwf/ afFsL /x]sf] kfPg . s;sf nflu afFRg] <
:jl:tdfnfO{ p;n] cfkm\gf] hLjg 7fGYof] . ca hLjg g} g/x]kl5 of] PSnf]
lhGbuLsf] s] sfd < p;n] hLjgdf s'g} ;sf/fTds kf6f] e]§fPg .
eljionfO{ ulxl/P/ lgofnL x]¥of] . st} cfzfsf ls/0f b]lvPgg\ . a? rf/}lt/
phf8}phf8 kfof] . pm /GylgP/ ToxL 9Nof] . hLhLljiff g} u'dfof] p;n] .
lbgel/ sf]7fd} pbf; eO{ a;]sf] pm a]n'sLkv aflx/ lgl:sof] . ;w}+
dfgl;s tgfj x'Fbf /S;L / r'/f]6 cToflws lkpg] uYof]{ . t/, p;nfO{ cfh
hLjgsf] k/jfx 5}g . p;n] cfh lkpFbf / glkpFbfsf] km/sdf klg ;dfgtf kfof]
. gzf t p;nfO{ dfofsf] lyof] . h;sf] cufl8 hfF8sf], /S;Lsf], r'/f]6sf] ;a}
lkmsf nfu]/ cfof] .
af6f]df b]v]sf x/]s dfG5]nfO{ x]/]/ pm dgdg} xfF:of] . cfh
lxFl8/x]sf] of] Hofg Ps lbg d'9f]em}+ 9Ng]5 . dfG5]x¿n] To;nfO{ nf;
eGg]5g\ . of] /ª\ud~hsf] e"ldsf a]sf/ 5 . p;sf] dgdf o:t}o:t} s'/f v]Ng
yfn] . p;nfO{ cfkm\gf] hLJfgb]lv g} 3[0ff nfu]/ cfof] . ha dfG5]n]
cfk"mnfO{ 3[0ff ug{ yfN5, ta p;n] afFRg'eGbf dg{ plrt 7fG5 .
plDdbljgf dfG5] afFRg ;Sb}g, p;sf] plDdb p;sf] dfof lyof] . ca dfof
g} g/x]kl5=== ⁄
 cleif]s ;/f;/ xf]:6]nsf] 5tdfly uof] . /ftsf] cf7 alh;s]sf] lyof] . pm
5tdf uPsf] s;}n] rfn kfPgg\ . dl:tisdf p;sf] s]jn :jl:tdf lyO{, eg], dgdf
s'g} lsl;dsf] 8/ lyPg . 5tsf] lsgf/df k'u]/ pm l7Ë pleof] . If0fe/d} p;sf
cfFvfaf6 olQs} cfF;'sf wf/f a//{ emg{ yfn] . Psf]xf]/f] 6f9f st} an]sf]
aQLnfO{ x]l//Xof] Ps l5g;Dd . p;nfO{ hLjg z"Gotfn] el/Psf] nfUof] .
pm /]lnËdfly r9\of], ulx/f] ;f; lnof] / cfFVff aGb u¥of] . pm
cfkm\gf] ;f;;lxtsf] nf; xfjfdf x'Tofpg} cfF6]sf] lyof], df]afOnsf] 306L
aHof] . Ps l5g t pm csdSs k¥of] . /f]lsof] . e}uf] p7fFplbg– Ps dgn]
eGof] . 306L ahL g} /x]sf] lyof] . Psgf;n] l:qmgdf x]l//Xof] . gfd lyPg
. gDa/ gofF lyof] .
afWo eP/ p;n] od/fhsf] sn xf]N8df /fVof] / kmf]gsn l/l;e
u¥of] . ;DejtM of] p;sf] hLjgsf] clGtd sn lyof] . p;n] pbf; cfjfhdf
cl8\sFb} eGof], æx]== N===nf]=== ⁄Æ

)))
p /]lnËaf6 xtf/xtf/ tn cf]ln{of] . kmf]g :jl:tdfsf] lyof] .
Tof] sfnf] /ftdf klg pHofnf]sf] cfef; kfof] p;n] . v';Lsf ls/0f p;sf]
d'xf/el/ 5l/P/ cfP . p;n] xtkt df]afOndf d];]h x]¥of] . h;df 7]ufgf
n]lvPsf] lyof]–
?d gDa/ @)#, xf]6]n k|sfz, l;4fy{ /fhdfu{, a]nlxof, e}/xjf .
dgleq 8/n] :ki6 cfsf/ lnof] . sfFwdf 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L cfof] p;sf] .
pm xf]:6]nsf] 5taf6 cf]ln{of] / bu'b}{ af6f]df cfOk'Uof] . j/k/ x]¥of] .
st} klg ;jf/L;fwg b]v]g . nfdf] b'/Lsf /fqLsfnLg a;x¿ kfpg] ;Defjgf lyPg
. /ft ulxl/Fb} lyof] eg], ;8s ;'g;fg aGb} lyof] .
pm ToxfFaf6 afg]Zj/tkm{ bf}l8of] . z+vd'nsf] psfnf] af6f]sf]
5]pdf Pp6f 6\ofS;L /f]lsPsf] p;n] b]Vof] . dgdf 7"nf] cfzf
lnO{ x:ofËkm:ofË ub}{ pm 6\ofS;Lglhs uof] . 6\ofS;Ldf sf]xL klg
lyPg . p;n] bfofF x]¥of], afofF x]¥of] . s/fof]– 8«fOe/ sf] x'g'x'G5
eg]/ . t/, sf]xL cfPg .
 p;nfO{ h;/L eP klg pSt 7]ufgfdf k'Ug' 5 . :jl:tdfnfO{ b'3{6gf
x'gaf6 arfpg' 5 . pm afg]Zj/ rf]s x'Fb} Pe/]i6 a}ª\s cufl8 cfOk'Uof] .
hxfF ;8ssf] lsgf/df csf]{ 6\ofS;L /f]lsPsf]] lyof] . l56km'6 Ps–b'O{j6f
df]6/;fOsn rNg'afx]s af6f] k"/} ;'g;fg lyof] .
6\ofS;Lglhs} uP/ p;n] l;;f 9S9sfof] . l;;f tn emfb}{ 6\ofS;L
rfnsn] ;f]Wof], æsxfF hfg'kg]{ efOnfO{ <Æ
æbfO cln 6f9} hfg' kg]{5 .Æ p;n] g/d x'Fb} eGof] .
æslt 6f9f < eGgf];\ t . snª\sL xf] <Æ rfnsn] km]l/ eGof],
æsnª\sL xf] eg] a:gf];\ . d]/f] 3/ klg Tot} xf] .Æ
æx}g bfO . e}/xjf hfg'kg]{ .Æ
æe}/xjf ⁄Æ rfns eml:sof] . æof] /ftdf x'Fb}g efO .
c¿ s;}nfO{ eGgf];\ .Æ
æ6\ofS;L g} kfpFb}g c¿ . d}n] h;/L klg hfg} kg]{5, bfO ⁄Æ
æx]/ efO, d t hfg ;lSbgF . d}n] vfg} vfsf] 5}g .Æ rfnsn] ghfg]
dg;fo b]vfof] .
ælKnh bfO ⁄ d ;d:ofdf k/]sf] 5' . dnfO{ ;xof]u ul/lbg'k¥of] .Æ
pm xft hf]8]/ xf/u'xf/ ug{ yfNof] .
æx'Fb}g efO .Æ rfnsn] OGsf/ ub}{ 5f]6f] hjfkm lbof] .
ælKnh bfO ⁄Æ pm cg'/f]w ug{ yfNof], æa? hlt k};f nfU5, d lbg
tof/ 5' .Æ
rfnsn] Ps l5g ;f]r]/ eGof], æs:tf] ;d:of xf] of/ ltd|f], of] /ftdf
guO{ gx'g] <Æ rfnssf] s'/f ;'g]/ cleif]ssf] dgdf cfzf knfof] .
æd ;a} s'/f eG5' bfO . xh'/ uOlbg' k¥of] .Æ
æn 7Ls 5 . slt lbG5f} ef8f <Æ rfnsn] d'v ld7\ofpFb} ;f]Wof] .
æxh'/ eGg';\ g ⁄ slt nfU5 <Æ cleif]sn] rfnsnfO{ g} ef8f tf]Sg
eGof] .
rfnsn] dgdg} Ps l5g lx;fa u/]/ km\of6\6 eGof], æcf7 xhf/ nfU5
efO ڮ
æcf7 xhf/ t w]/} ePg / bfO ⁄Æ
 æsfF efO ⁄ d}n] t ltDnfO{ cem yf]/} eg]sf] . Toqf] 6f9f hfg' 5 .
To} dfly /ftsf] af6f] . rf/–kfFr xhf/sf] t t]n dfq vr{ x'G5, cfpg–hfg .Æ
rfnsn] lx;fa ;'gfof] .
cleif]sn] w]/} ljjfb ug{ plrt 7fg]g . pm rfnss} s'/fdf ;xdt eof] /
6\ofS;Ldf a:of] . uf]hLaf6 k;{ lems]/ x]¥of]– hDdf !,!@% ¿k}ofF /x]5
.
p;n] lrGtfsf] nfdf] ;f; km]¥of] . rfnsn] 6\ofS;L x'OFsfof] .

)))
6\ofS;L a]nlxofsf] g]kfn P;lacfO{ a}ª\s cufl8 k'Uf]/ /f]lsof] . ;do
klg 6\ofS;Lsf] /km\tf/;Fu} s'b]/ ldld{/] cfOk'u]sf] /x]5 . laxfgsf] kfFr
ah]/ rfln; ldg]6 ePsf] lyof] .
cleif]s 6\ofS;Laf6 cf]ln{of] . lem;ld;] pHofnf] lyof] aflx/ . j/k/sf
k;nx¿ v'ln;s]sf lyPgg\ . p;n] k|x/L sG6«f]ndf kmf]g nufof] / ;a}
jf:tljstf atfof] .
pm km]l/ 6\ofS;Ldf a:of] . rfns l;6d} lgbfO;s]sf] lyof] . p;n]
rfnsnfO{ AoF'emfPg . a? k|x/Lsf] kvf{Odf al;/Xof] .
nueu ;f9] 5 ah]lt/, kfFrhgf k|x/L gful/s kf];fsdf 6\ofS;L /f]lsPsf]
7fFp cfOk'u] . tLdWo] Pp6f dlxnf lyOg\ . cleif]s 6\ofS;Laf6 cf]ln{of] .
p;nfO{ k|x/L lrGg ufx|f] ePg .
/ftf] l6;6{ / xfkmkfOG6 nufPsf] Ps k|x/Ln] ;f]Wof], ætkfO{+ g}
xf] cleif]s ofbj <Æ
æxh'/ ;/ .Æ cleif]sn] gd|tf b]vfof] .
æn lx8\gf];\ . xf]6]n k|sfzlt/ hfpmF .Æ xftn] O;f/f ub}{ k|x/Ln]
eGof] .
cleif]s k|x/L ;Fu} xf]6]nlt/ nfUof] . xf]6]nglhs} k'u]kl5, dlxnf k|
x/L / Pshgf cln Vofp6] lhp ePsf] k|x/L xf]6]nleq k;] . afFsL k|x/L /
cleif]s aflx/af6} tLg tnfsf], gLnf] /Ën] /ËfPsf] xf]6]n k|
sfznfO{ cjnf]sg ug{ yfn] .
 sfpG6/ k'u]/ dlxnf k|x/Ln] ;f]lwg\, æbfO xf]6]n v'ln;s]sf] xf]
<Æ sfpG6/df 3fF6L;Dd 5]lsP/ a;]sf] sn;/f] JolStn] /lhi6/ dfly /fVb}
eGof], æxh'/ eGg';\ ⁄Æ
ælrof kfpF5 <Æ k'?if k|x/Ln] sfpG6/df xft /fVb} ;f]Wof] .
ækfpg t kfpF5, t/ cln 6fOd nfU5 .Æ sfpG6/sf] dfG5]n] klg gd|tf
b]vfof] .
cleif]s / cGo k|x/L klg sfpG6/d} cfOk'u] . ætkfO{+ g} xf] of]
xf]6]nsf] dflns <Æ xfkmkfOG6 nufPsf] k|x/Ln] ;f]Wof] .
æxf]Og . dflns t uf]/vk'/ hfg'efsf] 5 .Æ pSt sn;/f] JolStn] hjfkm lbof] .
æP Û clg of] xf]6]ndf hDdf sltsf]7f 5 <Æ
bzj6f .
æP Û ?d gDa/ @)# df sf] a:5 lg <Æ k|x/Ln] km]l/ ;f]Wof] . Tof] sn;/f]
JolSt cln eml:sof] / eGof], æTof] eGg ldNb}g .Æ
ælsg <Æ glhs} plePsf] csf]{ k|x/Ln] k|Zg u¥of] .
æxfdL s:6'd/sf] OGkm/d]zg cfp6 ub}{gf}+ .Æ 8/fPsf] cffjfhdf pSt
sn;/f] JolStn] eGof] .
æxfdL k|x/L xf}+ . k;{ af6 g]kfn k|x/Lsf] kl/rokq lemSb}
xfkmkfOG6 nufPsf] k|x/Ln] eGof] . ædhfs gug'{;\ g, laxfglaxfg} ⁄Æ
pm s';L{af6 p7\of] / kl/rokq glhsaf6 x]g{ yfNof] .
csf]{ k|x/L rsf]{ :j/df s/fof], æs]sf] dhfs xF < xfdL dhfs ug{ cfPh:tf]
nfU5 tFnfO{ <Æ
ca sn;/f] JolStsf] xf];xjf; p8\of] . pm ;a}sf] d'vdf x]g{ yfNof] .
xfkmkfOG6 nufPsf] k|x/Ln] km]l/ eGof], æn eg\ ca . ?d gDa/ @)# df
sf] a:5 <Æ
æ?d gDa/ b' ;f} ltg, rf/ / kfFr /fhfsf] gfpFdf a's 5 .Æ
æsf] /fhf <Æ csf]{ k|x/Ln] ;f]Wof] . cleif]s eg] leQfdf ;hfP/ /fv]sf
/S;Lsf af]Qndf gh/ 8'nfpFb} lyof] . p;nfO{ slQv]/ :jl:tdfnfO{ b]Vg
kfOPnf h:tf] e};s]sf] lyof] .
æsfnf]–sfnf], nfdf] afn / 7"nf] Hofg 5 To;sf] .Æ Tof] sn;/f] JolStn]
/fhfsf] j0f{g ub}{ eGof] .
æsxfF 5 Tof] /fhf < clxn] ?d vf]Ng ;lsG5 <Æ dlxnf k|x/Ln] ;f]lwg\ .
ægfOF . ;lsFb}g . xfdL;Fu 5}g To;sf] rfaL . p;}n] /fV5 . vfgf klg
aflx/af6 dufP/ vfG5 . oxfFsf] vfFb}g Tof] .Æ sn;/f] JolStn] PsPs s'/f
vf]Nb} uof] . æcfh t u'?af/ xf] . laxfg} cfpF5 Tof] .Æ
k|x/Ln] w]/} s'/f ;f]Wof] . /fhfsf] af/]df / xf]6]n ;fx'sf] af/]df .
TolQs}df sn;/f] JolStn] cf}+nf b]vfpFb} eGof], æToxL xf] /fhf ⁄Æ
;a}hgf ;hu eP . cleif]ssf] d'vaf6 cfjfh lgl:sof]– an/fd bfO Û cleif]s rlst
eof] ca . p;nfO{ cfkm\g} cfFvfdfly ljZjf; nfu]g . p;n] /fd|f];Fu x]¥of] .
Tof] dfG5], ToxL an/fd lyof] .
an/fd Uofn/L x'Fb} l;F9L plSnof] . dlxnf k|x/L;lxt rf/hgf k|x/L
p;sf] kl5 nfu] .
cleif]ssf cfFvf Uofn/Laf6 cGt uPgg\ . pm :jl:tdfsf] Jou| k|tLIffdf
lyof] . an/fdnfO{ lrGg g;s]sf]df p;nfO{ ;ª\sf]r klg nfUof] . t/ Tof]
eGbf a9L p;nfO{ l/; p7]/ cfof] . ck/fwL an/fdk|lt p leq}leq d'd'{l/of] .
s]xL a]/kl5 an/fdnfO{ Uofn/Ldf cfpFb} u/]sf] p;n] b]Vof] .
an/fdsf] xftdf xys8L nufOPsf] lyof], kl5kl5 k|x/L lyP . t/, p;n] cem}
klg :jl:tdfnfO{ b]v]g .
xf]6]naf6 lgl:sg] a]nfdf an/fdn] Ps gh/ cleif]slt/ x]¥of] . b'j}sf
cfFvf h'w] .
cleif]snfO{ pm k|lt 3[0ff hfu]/ cfof] . uP/ d'v}df y'Sg dg
nfUof] . an/fdn] cfkm"nfO{ lrg]klg glrg]klg, cleif]sn] p;nfO{ /fd|};Fu
lrGof] . dgdf a]Un} 56k6L eof] p;sf] ck/fwLnfO{ a]n}df lrGg
g;s]sf]df .

)))

dlxnf k|x/L;Fu} :jl:tdf / c¿ b'O{hgf s]6Lx¿ xftdf Aofu af]s]/

l;F9Laf6 cf]ln{P . :jl:tdf cleif]ssf] glhs} cfO{ . p;n] cleif]ssf] kfv'/f
cfkm\gf] sfvLdf RofkL . t/, s]xL af]lng . Psbd} ylst b]lvGyL pm .
afFsL ;a}hgf xf]6]naflx/ lyP . cleif]sn] :jl:tdfnfO{ x]¥of] . ToxL gLnf]
lhG; / sfnf] l6;6{df lyO{ pm . :jl:tdfn] 6fpsf] cleif]ssf] 5ftLdf
la;fpFb} egL, æYofÍÍ o' km/ ;]leË dL .Æ
cleif]sn] :jl:tdfnfO{ cFufNof] . p;sf] dg el/P/ cfof] . cfFvfdf cfF;'
yfDg ;s]g . s]xL cfF;'sf yf]kf :jl:tdfsf] km's} skfndf v;] . cfh km]l/
/f]of] pm . t/, o;avt cToflws v';Ln] .
b'j}hgf glhs}sf] ;f]kmfdf a;] . æwGojfb ⁄ ltdLnfO{ klg .Æ
cleif]sn] eGof] . :jl:tdfn] d':s'/fpFb} ;f]wL, ædnfO{ wGojfb lsg lg
<Æ
cleif]sn] klg d':s'/fpFb} hjfkm lbof], ædnfO{ arfPsf]df .Æ
æs] /] ⁄ s;/L <Æ p;sf] cfZro{sf] ;Ldf /x]g .
ækl5 eG5' . nfdf] :6f]/L 5 .Æ
ægfOF . clxn] g} eGg' .Æ :jl:tdf lh2L ug{ yfnL .
æhfd\ lxF8 . af6f]df eG5' ;a} s'/f .Æ pm ;f]kmfaf6 p7\of],
;Fu;Fu} :jl:tdf klg . cleif]sn] km]l/ eGof], æo;kfnL t ufnf lrdf]6\g'
k/]g x} ڮ
æs] /] ⁄Æ b'j}hgf xfF:g yfn] . k'gM b'O{hgf k|x/L leq cfP . /,
sfpG6/df uO{ s'/f ug{ yfn] . aflx/ cfP/ :jl:tdfn] egL,
ædDdLnfO{ kmf]g ug'{ lyof] . cfpFb} x'g'x'G5 xf]nf . sxfF k'Ug'eof]
v} ڮ
æltd|f] df]afOn sxfF 5 <Æ cleif]sn] aLr}df ;f]Wof] .
æAofudf . clxn] laxfg t kfÚsf] . :jLr ckm 5 .Æ
æltDn] kmf]g r}+ s:sf] df]afOnaf6 u/]sf] lg <Æ
ævfgf k'¥ofpg cfpg] bfOsf] df]afOnaf6 .Æ pm zfGt eO{ .
cleif]sn] km]l/ ;f]Wof], æs]xL t u/]gg\ lg ltDnfO{ ⁄Æ
æcFx ⁄Æ p;n] 6fpsf] xNnfO{ . æs;/L eof] of] ;a <Æ
cleif]snfO{ hfGg xtf/ eO;s]sf] lyof] .
:jl:tdfn] nfdf] ;f; km]/L / eGg yfnL, æv} s;/L eof] egf}+, d
cfkm}+nfO{ s]xL yfxf 5}g . ;f]Rg klg ;lSbgF, of] ;a 36gfqmd .Æ
pm cem uDeL/ x'Fb} eGg yfnL, æTof] lbg xh'/ a;kfs{af6
lg:s]kl5 d a;lt/ hfFb} lyP . Pp6f /ftf] sf/ d]/f cufl8 cfP/ /f]lsof] .
sf/nfO{ 5n]/ d cl3 a9\g vf]h]F, t/ sf/af6 Pshgf dlxnf cf]ln{Og\ . pgn]
dnfO{ /f]Sb} elgg\– stf hfg nfu]sf] gfgL <Æ
cleif]s pT;'stfsf ;fy p;sf s'/f ;'lg/x]sf] lyof] . :jl:tdfn] eGb} uO{,
æd}n] eg]F– 3/, wgu9L . TolQs}df tL dlxnfn] emf]nfaf6 s]xL kmf/d
lgsfNb} elgg\– xfdL dfO{tL g]kfnaf6 xf}+ . xfdL rfxGgf}+ ls sf]xL
klg g]kfnL r]nLa]6L 7lupg\ eg]/, To;}n] tkfO{+sf] ;xof]u rflxof] .
Tolt~h]n k5fl8af6 csf]{ sf]xL dfG5] d]/f] glhs} cfPh:tf] nfUof] . kms]
{/ x]/]F– cfFv}cufl8 7"nf] sfnf] dfG5] plePsf] lyof] . d 8/fFP . To;kl5
s] eof] dnfO{ ofb} 5}g . xf]; v'Nbf d}n] oxL xf]6]ndf
cfkm"nfO{ kfPF .Æ
cleif]snfO{ ca 7"nf] k5'tf] nfUb} lyof], To; lbg
:jl:tdfnfO{ a;kfs{df PSn} 5f]l8uPsf]df .
æclxn] klg of] ;a ;kgfem}+ nfUb} 5 dnfO{ t ⁄Æ :jl:tdfn] lbSs
dfGb} egL / glhs}sf] k]6Ldf a;L . p;n] k/af6 dDdLnfO{ cfkm"lt/
cfpFb} u/]sf] klg b]vL . clg cg'xf/df pHofnf] kf]ltof] p;sf] .
ædDdL ÛÆ pm v';Ln] lrRofpFb} p7]/ dDdL ePlt/ bu'/L . dDdLn]
:jl:tdfnfO{ cFufnf] xfNg'eof] . cleif]sn] k/}af6 r'krfk x]l//Xof] . dgdf
clncln 8/ nfu]/ cfof] . :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] cfkm"nfO{ dg k/fpg'x'Gg eGg]
s'/f ;Dem]/ pm eml:sof] klg . km]l/ s]xL g s]xL s'/f ;'gfpg] xf]nf,
s}s]O{ ⁄ o:t} ;f]r]/ pm dDdLglhs} hfg klg ;s]g, clejfbg ug'{ t k/}
hfcf];\ ⁄
cfdf5f]/Ln] s]xLa]/ uGyg u/] . clg cleif]s ePlt/ glhs} cfP . cleif]s
k]6Laf6 h'?Ss p7\of] / ljgd|tf b]vfpFb} clejfbg u¥of], ægd:t] cfG6L
ڮ
:jl:tdfsL dDdLn] p;nfO{ UjfDnfª\u cFufnf] xfNg'eof] . pxfFsf]
cg'xf/df s]xL ;ª\sf]rsf /]vf b]lvP . clg eGg'eof], ædnfO{ dfkm u/
cleif]s ⁄ d}n] ltdLnfO{ unt ;f]r]sL lyPF, a]n}df ltDnfO{ lrGg ;lsg5'
afa' ڮ
cleif]sn] :jl:tdfsL dDdLaf6 o:tf] ;b\efjsf] ck]Iff u/]sf] lyPg .
pm;n] t …s}s]O{Ú eGYof] . clxn] pxfFn] g} cFufnf]df afFw]/ dfkmL
dfUbf kf] p;nfO{ c;xh dx;'; eof] . dDdL;/xsf] dfG5]n] dfkmL dfUbf
p;sf] cg'xf/df klg ;ª\sf]rsf /]vf s'lbP .
æltdL t d]/f] 5f]/fh:t} xf} afa' ⁄ dnfO{ dfkm u/ .Æ :jl:tdfsL
dDdLnfO{ 7"nf] k5'tf] nfu]/ cfof] .
cleif]s ;dembf/ lyof] . ljgd|tfsf ;fy p;n] eGof], æcfG6L ⁄ h] eof],
eof] . xh'/n] o;/L dfkmL dfu]sf] ;'xfpFb}g . 5f]/f;/xsf] dfG5];Fu
dfkmL dfu]/ dnfO{ nlHht gagfpgf];\ ڮ
tLg}hgf k]6Ldf a;]/ ulkmg yfn] . 6\ofS;L rfns klg glhs} cfof] .
rfnsnfO{ b]v]/ cleif]sn] eGof], æbfO ⁄ lgGb|f k'Uof] <Æ
rfns cfFvf ldRb} af]Nof], æclncln, efO ⁄ ca sf7df8f}+
uP/} ;'Tg'knf{ . ltdL t slQ klg ;'t]gf} lg <Æ pm cleif]ssf] 5]j}df cfP/
a:of] . cleif]ssf clgFbf] cfFvf /ftf b]lvGy] .
rfnsnfO{ Oª\lut ub}{ :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] ;f]Wg'eof], æpxfF sf] lg
<Æ
æ6\ofS;Ljfnf bfO .Æ cleif]sn] :ki6Ls/0f lbPem}+ eGof], æd
lxhf] /flt pxfFs} 6\ofS;Ldf cfPF, s:tf] ufx|f] lyof] 6\ofS;L kfpg klg Tof]
dWo/ftdf ڮ :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] a'em]em}+ u/]/ 6fpsf] dfq xNnfpg'eof]
.
æefO ⁄ sfd ;lsPsf] eP hfd\ x} .Æ rfnsn] cleif]snfO{ sf]6\ofof] .
æx'G5 bfO ⁄ ca Ps l5gdf hfDnf lg .Æ cleif]ssf] s'/f ;'g]/ :jl:tdfsL
dDdLn] tL b'O{sf] ;+jfbdf x:tIf]k ub}{ eGg'eof], æcleif]s ⁄ sf7df8f}
+ hfg] eg]sf] ltDn] < wgu9L hfpmF afa' ⁄ Ps–b'O{ lbg a;]/ kmls{g'
sf7df8f}+ .Æ
aLr}df :jl:tdf af]nL, æcF=== s] ⁄ hfd\ x} wgu9L . lblbsf] lax]klg 5 .
km]/L, kmls{+bf d PSn} x'G5' .Æ p;nfO{ k'gM c1ft eon] ;tfpg
yfNof] .
:jl:tdfsf] cg'xf/df Ps6sn] gh/ uf9]/ cleif]s s]xLa]/ df}g /Xof] . b'j}sf
gh/n] Ps l5g df}gaft u/] . p;nfO{ :jl:tdf 5f8]/ hfg} dg nfu]g, km]l/
s'g} 36gf x'g ;Sg] 8/n] klg p;n] lhDd]jf/L dx;'; u¥of] .
æxf] t, afa' ⁄ ca p;nfO{ PSn} 8/ nfUg ;S5, ltdL / gfgL ;Fu}
kmls{g'knf{ .Æ :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] cleif]ssf] cGof}n dfgl;stf a'em]/ s'/f
k|i6 kfg'{eof] .
cleif]sn] gfOF eGg ;s]g . p;n] rfnssf] cg'xf/df x]b}{ eGof], æbfO,
xh'/ PSn} kmls{g'kg]{ eof] .Æ
æP Û x'G5, dnfO{ ef8f ldnfOlbg' g, d lxF8\5' .Æ
æbfO, cf7 xhf/ t 5}g d;Fu clxn] .Æ cleif]sn] cK7\of/f] dfGb} ljjztf
kf]Vof] .
æTolt g} lbg'kb}{g efO, ltdL ;fFlRrs} ;d:ofdf k/]sf /x]5f} ⁄ d}n]
6\ofS;L rnfpg yfn]sf] bz jif{ eof] . ;]jf w]/} u/]h:tf] nfU5 dnfO{ t/
;xof]u cfh cfP/ ug{ kfPF . ltdL;Fu hlt 5, rf/÷kfFr xhf/ lbP klg x'G5 . d
v';L 5', cK7\of/f] k/]sf] a]nf d2t ug{ kfFpbf .Æ
cleif]s ;f]rdUg eof]– ca s] eGg] xf]nf, pm;Fu rf/kfFr xhf/ klg t
5}g . xf]6]n cufl8 dfG5]sf] eL8 klg a9\b} lyof] . cleif]ssf] cK7\of/f]
a'em]/ rfns;Fu :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] ;f]Wg'eof], æslt xf] / efO, ef8f d
lbG5' <Æ
rfnsn] k'n'Ss cleif]snfO{ x]¥of] . cleif]sn] Ps l5g ;f]r]/ eGof],
ækfFr xhf/, cfG6L ⁄Æ
k;{af6 kfFr xhf/ lgsfn]/ :jl:tdfsL dDdLn] rfnsnfO{ lbg'eof] . rfnsn]
k};f xftdf lnFb} eGof], æn d hfG5' x} ⁄Æ p;n] cleif]s;Fu xft ldnfof],
p;sf] cg'xf/df ;Gt'li6sf] cfef cleif]sn] klg b]Vof] .
æxj;\ bfO, Yofª\s o' . /fd|f];Fu hfg'xf]nf .Æ p;n] cf}krfl/stf
6qmfof] . rfns km6fkm6 6\ofS;Llt/ nlDsof] .
k|x/Ln] laxfg} v'n]sf xf]6]nsf ;6/ aGb ug{ nufof] . jl/kl/ /ldtf
x]g{ hDdf ePsf dfG5]x¿ cfkm"–cfkm"aLr vf;v'; ug{ yfn]sf lyP . sf]xL
uGhL / xfkm kfOG6df lyP t sf]xL wf]tL / s5f8df . s]xL gfª\u}h:tf
b]lvg] / em'd|f n'uf nufPsf s]6fs]6L;d]t cln k/}af6 /ldtf x]b}{ lyP .
b'O{hgf k|x/L cleif]sglhs} cfP . Pp6fn] eGof],
ætkfO{+nfO{ w]/}w]/} wGojfb 5 . tkfO{+n] cfkm\gf]
dfG5]nfO{ dfq geO{ of] /fi6«nfO{ g} ;xof]u ug'{ePsf] 5 . xfdL k|
x/LnfO{ ;xof]u ug'{ePsf] 5 . /, w]/} g]kfnL r]nLnfO{ a]lrgaf6 arfP/
7"nf] u'g nufpg'ePsf] 5 .Æ
jl/kl/ dfG5]x¿sf] eL8 a9\b} lyof] . pgLx¿sf cfFvf 3/L k|x/Llt/ t 3/L
cleif]s–:jl:tdflt/ k'Uy] . dfgf}+, s'g} l;g]dfsf lx/f]–lx/f]Og x'g\ oL
b'O{, h;n] axfb'/Lk"0f{ sfd u/]sf 5g\ .
k|x/Ln] km]l/ eGof], æclxn] !@ ah] rf}sLd} ;fgf] kqsf/ ;Dd]ng /fv]sf
5f}+ . tkfO{+x¿ pkl:yt x'g} k5{ . ck/fwLnfO{ ;fj{hlgs ul/g]5 /
tkfO{+nfO{ ;Ddfg klg .Æ
ca cleif]s ;fFRr} lx/f] ePsf] lyof] . p;sf] cg'xf/df cs}{ rds
b]lvGYof] . :jl:tdf klg bª\u k/]/ cleif]snfO{ x]l//x]sL lyO{ . Ps l5g
b'j}n] Ps–csf{sf] cg'xf/df x]/] / d';'Ss xfF;] . :jl:tdfsL dDdLnfO{ klg
cf}wL v';L nlu/x]sf] lyof], cleif]sn] cfkm\gL 5f]/Lsf] Hofg
hf]ufPsf]df . ljutdf cleif]sk|lt g/fd|f] ;f]r]sf] ;DemFbf pxfFsf] dg etetL
kf]NYof] klg . pxfF uDeL/ d'b|fdf b]lvg'xGYof] .
cleif]sn] w]/} s'/f af]Ng} ;s]g . clxn] ;a}n] p;sf] dxTTj / d"No
a'lemlbPsf]df pm dgdg} v';L lyof] . efj's klg alg/x]sf] lyof] p;sf] dg .
æwGojfb ⁄ tkfO{x¿sf] klg ;xof]u gePsf] eP of] sfd TolQs} kmQ]
x'Gy]g, ;/ ⁄Æ k|x/Lk|lt s[t1 aGb} cleif]sn] eGof]], æx'G5, xfdL
kqsf/ ;Dd]ng;Dd oxL a:5f}+ .Æ
k|x/L kmls{P .
eL8 klg la:tf/} k|x/L–rf}sLlt/ l;km\6 x'gyfNof] . Tolts}df cleif]ssf]
df]afO{n aHof] .
æx]Nnf] ÛÆ
æcle Û s] 5 of/ t]/f] va/ < cfh e]6'd g .Æ pd]zsf] kmf]g lyof] .
æl7s} 5 . cfh e]6\g ;lsb}g of/ d 6f9f 5' .æ cleif]sn] eGof] .
le8;+u} :jl:tdf / :jl:tdfsf] dDdL c3Lnfu] . cleif]s klg kmf]gdf s'/fub}
{ kl5kl5 lxF8\g yfNof] .
ælsg / < sfF 5;\ tF <Æ pd]zn] lh1f;f /fVof] .
æe}/jf . t]/f] efph' ;+u 5' .Æ cleif]sn] cfkm\gf] k|ld; ;lDemof] .
æs] /] <Æ pd]zn] crDd dfGb} ;f]Wof] . ædhfs gu{g . eg\ g . sfF5;\
tF <Æ
cleif]sn] 5f]6s/Ldf 76\6f ub}{ jf:tljs xfn atfof], æca d d':tfª
hfgnfO{ /]l8 ePF ;fyL . t klg vf]h sf]xL .Æ
æn awfO{ 5 . t/ P]n] ghfg] of/ d':tfª . k9\g' 5 . ;ahgf tof/Ldf nfuL;s] .
d klg lalaP sf] tof/L sIff lng] ;f]]rdf 5' .Æ pd]zn] afWotf b]vfof] .
æP Û n n lk|k|]zg Snf;df t t}n] efph' e]6LxfN5; gL .Æ
ægs/f tF . l/lbdf w/fg usf] yf’kfO{;\ t}n]<Æ pd]zn] ;f]Wof] .

æxf] / < s}n] uof] < clg lsg gL <Æ cleif]sn] k|Zg t]:¥of{of] .
æcl:t g} . PdlalaP;sf] nfuL . tF ;+u s'/f esf] 5}g / <Æ
æ5}g of/ . csf]{ xKtflt/ d sf7df8f}F cfpF5' xf]nf clg e]6]/ s'/f u/f}
+nf n .Æ olt eg]/ cleif]sn] jftf{nfk 6'ª\Uofof] . pm ylst lyof] . Psl5g
ToxL cl8of] pm / dgdg} eGof], æca ;a} l7s x'g]5 .Æ p;n]
kfO{nfnfO{ ultlbof] .

– ;dfKt –

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