midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Webinar Schedule

Topics Presenter Date

Basic Product Introduction & General Use Yaman 2/14, Tue

February
Advanced Concrete Building Design (Beam, Column, Wall, Slab) Ravi 2/28, Tue

Basic Product Introduction & General Use Yaman 3/13, Tue

March
Advanced Steel Structure Design Ravi 3/27, Tue

Basic Product Introduction & General Use Yaman 4/10, Tue

April
Advanced Pushover Analysis Ravi 4/24, Tue

Basic Product Introduction & General Use Yaman 5/15, Tue

May
Advanced Time History Analysis Ravi 5/29, Tue

Basic Product Introduction & General Use Yaman 6/12, Tue

June
Advanced Construction Stage Analysis & Column Shortening Ravi 6/26, Tue
midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Webinar Objective
Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistant Structures
Introduction to Pushover Analysis
Pushover Analysis of RC Building
Pushover Analysis of Steel Building
Conclusion
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Objective

1. Introduction to Pushover Analysis.

2. Discussion of Features available in midas Gen for Pushover
Analysis.
3. Live demonstration of performing pushover analysis and
interpretation of results.
4. At the conclusion of the webinar attendees will be familiar with
pushover analysis and midas Gen applicability to it.
midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Webinar Objective
Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistant Structures
Introduction to Pushover Analysis
Pushover Analysis of RC Building
Pushover Analysis of Steel Building
Conclusion
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistance Structures One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Design Methods
Force Based Design

• Elastic Response Acceleration is determined form the estimated structural period and given design
elastic response spectrum.
• Modified design acceleration is obtained by dividing the Elastic Response Acceleration by Response
Reduction Factor (R)
• Design Force is calculated using modified design acceleration.
• Displacement Check is made after the structural members satisfy the Force requirements.

Problems :-
• The distribution of design forces are based on initial estimate of stiffness and as stiffness is dependent
on the strength of elements, this cannot be know until the design process is complete.
• Distribution of seismic forces between elements based on initial stiffness is illogical, as it incorrectly
assumes different elements can be forced to yield simultaneously.
• Ductility capacity is a function of structural geometry, not just of structural type. Hence it is inappropriate
to specify a same displacement ductility factor for all structures of the same type.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistance Structures One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Design Methods
Performance Based Design/ Displacement Based Design

• Importance of deformation rather than strength in seismic performance is gaining more popularity in
recent times due to the deficiencies inherent in the force-based system of seismic design.
• The design is carried out by specifying a target displacement.
• There is no need to use a force reduction factor
• The inelastic nature of the structure during a earthquake is directly addressed.
• Displacement based design procedure can provide a reliable indication of damage potential.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistance Structures One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Analysis Methods

Linear Nonlinear

Static Dynamic Static Dynamic

Response Spectrum Nonlinear Response

Equivalent Lateral Load Equivalent Lateral Load
Analysis History Analysis
Small Displacement Small or Large Displacement
Small Displacement Small or Large Displacement

Sequential Yield Analysis

Linear Response History
Analysis
Pushover Analysis
Small Displacement
midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Webinar Objective
Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistant Structures
Introduction to Pushover Analysis
Pushover Analysis of RC Building
Pushover Analysis of Steel Building
Conclusion
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Why Pushover Analysis

• Pushover Analysis in the recent years is becoming a popular method of predicting seismic
forces and deformation demands for the purpose of performance evaluation of existing and
new structures.
• Pushover analysis is a partial and relatively simple intermediate solution to the complex
problem of predicting force and deformation demands imposed on structures and their
elements by severe ground motion.
• Pushover analysis is one of the analysis methods recommended by Eurocode and FEMA
273.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Why Pushover Analysis

• Pushover analysis provides valuable insights on many response characteristics like

• Force Demand on Potentially brittle elements.
• Consequences of strength deterioration of individual elements on structural behavior.
• Identification of critical regions in which the deformation demands are expected to be
high and that have to become the focus of through detailing.
• Identification of strength discontinuities in plan or elevation that will lead to changes in
dynamic characteristics in the inelastic region.
• Verification of completeness and adequacy of load path, considering all structural and
non structural elements of the structural system.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

What is Pushover Analysis

- Is a technique by which a structure is subjected to a incremental lateral load of certain

shape.
- The sequence of cracks, yielding, plastic hinge formation and failure of various
structural components are noted.
- The structural deficiencies are observed and rectified.
- The iterative analysis and design goes on until the design satisfies a pre-established
criteria.
- The performance criteria is generally defined as Target displacement of the structure
at roof level.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Performance Level

- Performance Level is defined as the expected behavior of the building in the design
earthquake in terms of limiting levels of damage to the structural and nonstructural
components
- The limiting condition is described by the physical damage within the building, the
threat to life safety of the building’s occupants created by the damage, and the post
earthquake serviceability of the building.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Performance Level

Operational Level
• This is the performance level related to functionality and any required repairs are minor.

Immediate Occupancy level

• This corresponds to the most widely used criteria for essential facilities. The building’s spaces
and systems are expected to be reasonably usable

Life Safety Level

• This level is intended to achieve a damage state that presents an extremely low probability of
threat to life safety, either from structural damage or from falling or tipping of nonstructural
building component

Collapse Prevention Level

• This damage state addresses only the main building frame or vertical load carrying system and
requires only stability under vertical loads.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Seismic hazard

Seismic Hazard is a function of

- The Building Performance level
- The Mapped Acceleration Parameters
- The Site Class Coefficients
- The Effective structural damping
- The fundamental Structural Period
The general response spectrum is formulated
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Target Displacement

The Target displacement is calculated by

dt = C0C1C2C3SaTe2g/4p2
where:
C0 = Modification factor for SDOF  MDOF
C1 = Modification Factor to relate expected maximum inelastic displacements to
displacements calculated for liner elastic response
C2 = Modification factor to represent the effect of hysteresis shape on the
maximum displacement response
C3 = Modification Factor to represent increased displacements due to dynamic P-
 effects.
Sa = Response spectrum acceleration
Te = Characteristic period of the response spectrum.
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Reasons for Performing Pushover Analysis

Why Pushover Analysis over Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis

• To run a full dynamic, non – linear analysis on even a simple structure takes a long
time. But with pushover analysis accurate results can be obtained in fractions of the
time it would take to get any useful results from the fully dynamic analysis.

• When performing a dynamic analysis, it is best to use a series of earthquakes. The

Pushover Analysis naturally accounts for all earthquakes with the same probability of
exceedance by predicting the maximum displacement that can be expected in the
form of the Target Displacement.
midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Webinar Objective
Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistant Structures
Introduction to Pushover Analysis
Pushover Analysis of RC Building
Pushover Analysis of Steel Building
Conclusion
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis Procedure

Process in midas Gen

Pushover Global Define Lateral Define Hinge

Control Loads Properties

Check Pushover
Perform
Curve and Assign Hinges
Analysis
Target Disp.

Check Hinge Safety

Status Verification
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

RC Model
G1 LB1 G1

C1 C1

Designation Story Section Number Column Dimension

12~15F 104 500 x 500

8~11F 103 600 x 600
C1

15@3,000 = 45,000
4~7F 102 700 x 700
1~3F 101 800 x 800

Designation Section Number Section Dimension

G1 21 350 x 600

LBl 31 200 x 300

unit : mm

1200
9000 4000 4000 9000

27200
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Hinge Properties

Hinge Property

1.2
C B - Yield State
B
1
CP
IO – immediate Occupancy
IO LS
0.8
LS – Life Safety
Moment/SF

0.6
CP – Collapse Prevention
0.4 C – Ultimate State
D
0.2 E
A
0
0 0.005 0.01 0.015 0.02 0.025 0.03 0.035 0.04

Rotation/SF
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Curve

Spectral Acceleration (Sa)

Base Shear (V)

Roof Displacement (U) Spectral Displacement (Sd)

Pushover Curve Capacity Spectrum

S a  V / W  / 1

S d   roof / PF1 *  1 ,roof 
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Demand Spectrum

T0

Spectral Acceleration (Sa)

Spectral Acceleration

T0

Time Period Spectral Displacement (Sd)

Acceleration Vs Time Period Acceleration Vs Displacement

Sd = SaT2/4p2
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Performance Point

Demand Spectrum for effective

damping at performance point
Spectral Acceleration

Capacity Spectrum

Spectral Displacement
midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Webinar Objective
Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistant Structures
Introduction to Pushover Analysis
Pushover Analysis of RC Building
Pushover Analysis of Steel Building
Conclusion
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Steel Model
Section Name Section ID Section DB Section Size

C1 1 UNI HEA240
C2 2 UNI HEA300
G1 21 UNI HEA280
G2 22 UNI IPE240
Brace1 31 UNI HEA160
Brace2 32 UNI HEA120

Figure 1. Three-dimensional structural model

1 2 3

3,000
BR1
10,000
2,500 2,500 2,500 2,500
BR
G2
B
C2 C1 G2 C2

3,000

9,000
BR1
6,000

G1

G1

G1

3,000
BR2

G2 G2
A
BR C1 C2
C2

Figure 2. Structural plan Figure 3. Elevation

midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Pushover Analysis
Webinar Objective
Methods of Analysis for Earthquake Resistant Structures
Introduction to Pushover Analysis
Pushover Analysis of RC Building
Pushover Analysis of Steel Building
Conclusion
Midas Gen – Advanced Webinar Introduction One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Conclusion

- Pushover Analysis is a very useful tool for the evaluation of New and existing structures.
- Pushover Analysis provided much useful information that cannot be obtained from elastic
static and dynamic analysis.
- Pushover Analysis provides a relatively simple solution than nonlinear Dynamic analysis
and more realistic and comprehensive solution than linear elastic analysis.

- Push over analysis require considerable amount of understanding of the subject by the
engineer.
- Pushover analysis is approximate in nature and is based on static loading and it cannot
represent the dynamic phenomena with a large degree of accuracy.
- Pushover Analysis does not create good solutions, it only evaluates solution.
- Load pattern choice makes a huge difference to the analysis results.
midas Gen – One Stop Solution for Building and General Structures

Q&A