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Floating Floor
Systems
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Acoustic
Floating Floor
Systems
Introduction
Welcome to Farrat’s guide to high-performance, acoustic floating floors.
We have prepared this brochure to serve as a resource for architects, acoustic consultants and structural engineers to assist when
designing and specifying spaces where vibration control or high levels of sound insulation are required.
Whether you use this brochure to gain a basic understanding of the concepts involved in the different types of floating
floors or use the technical data provided to design bespoke systems, Farrat’s team of specialist engineers are on
hand to provide assistance at every step of the process.
AIRBORNE &
IMPACT SOUND INDUCED
INSULATION VIBRATION
GROUND BORNE
FLANKING SOUND VIBRATION
INSULATION
Structures can be tuned to minimise resonance effects by adding mass and/or stiffness to change the
dynamic characteristics. Alternatively, vibration control measures can be incorporated to provide vibration
mitigation as well as enhance airborne and impact noise reduction.
Incorporating a floating floor for noise or vibration isolation is often far more cost effective than the necessary increase
in size and weight of steel or concrete required to suitably stiffen a structure. As the vibration is isolated at source, the acoustic
performance is also generally much higher.
Typical Applications
❫ Cinemas ❫ Theatres ❫ Buildings located
near major road or
❫ Recording & ❫ Concert halls rail networks
broadcast studios
❫ Conference ❫ Residential
❫ Music practice rooms centres dwellings
❫ Dance studios ❫ Bowling alleys ❫ Offices
www.farrat.com 5
ELASTOMERIC SPRINGS
Advantages Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages
Lower cost Less isolation More isolation Limited Damping
Less deflection (fn = 6 - 14Hz) (fn = 3 - 6Hz) Greater deflection
Coil-spring isolators are more expensive than elastomeric ones, however allow for higher performance from lightweight floating elements.
DPM
Jack-Up floors and create a full area,
homogenous slab with minimal flanking.
Concrete floating floors (density ~ 2360kg/m3) are the most common type due to their high
strength, weight and versatility. The thickness of the concrete slab should be kept above 90mm
to avoid excessive surface cracking. Mesh reinforcement is typically used, but where no walls
or structural elements are supported by the floor, fibre reinforcement can be used. Slab designs
should be checked by a structural engineer.
Screed floating floors (density ~ 2100kg/m3) are ideal for smaller areas where it is not
SEE PAGE 14 economical to pour concrete, where the slab thickness ranges from 50 to 100mm and in lower
impact environments such as recording studios and music rooms.
Dry system floating slabs can be created from 2 - 3 layers of acoustic plasterboard (12.5 or
15mm thick) sandwiched between 15 or 18mm thick ply or 2 - 3 layers of cement particle
board (typically 18mm thick).
Since there is no drying time, such systems have the advantage that acoustic walls can be built
SEE PAGE 14 off the edges of the floor and floor coverings can be installed immediately after the floor has
been laid.
www.farrat.com 7
Fig 7.1
available, Farrat can design laminated or
PRE-CAST SYSTEM
DPM
units cast into the slab. They are favoured
by acoustic consultants because of the KEY: Min height: 135mm
certainty that the slab is Concrete slab with Perimeter isolation: 20mm
fully decoupled from mesh reinforcement:
100-200mm Isolator variable air-gap:
the surrounding 35-200mm
structure. Farrat Jack-Up mount
Jack-Up floor slabs must be made from concrete and reinforced using mesh rather than fibres as
the Jack-Up mounts are designed to link with the mesh to spread load when the slab is lifted.
Under most circumstances, a concrete system floating floor will be the most cost effective option
as the acoustic performance characteristics of the two systems are identical. In special
circumstances, a Jack-Up floating slab can provide a number of key advantages including; a low
SEE PAGE 16 height and/or adjustable air-gap, replaceable isolators and the ability to take very high loads before
jacking up (so the area could be used as a storage area during construction).
Isolator Specification
Fig 8.1 Impact KEY:
Airborne Sound Floating Floor Typical Elastomeric
Sound fn @DL xx.xHz Spring Isolator
Weight Insulation# Element# Isolator
Construction Insulation* fn @ADL xx.xHz Specification
Height RW - dB ∆RW - dB Specification fn @LL xx.xHz
∆Lw - dB
* = tested, = predicted
#
Farrat Elastomeric Compounds: Farrat Spring
Sound insulation test values are based on a 160mm structural slab. IMNR 44 IMNR 50 IMNR 70 Units:
18mm Plywood 19.2Hz 23.8Hz 16.4Hz
15mm Dense 46 Kg/m2
plasterboard (x2)
61 +9 +28 9.1Hz 11.3Hz 7.8Hz
95 mm
18mm Cement
particle board (x3)
69 Kg/m
104 mm
2
63 +11
TABLE +30
16.1Hz
8.7Hz
5.6Hz
19.9Hz
10.8Hz
6.9Hz
13.8Hz
7.5Hz
4.8Hz
60mm Sand/ 13.6Hz 19.2Hz 9.4Hz
142 Kg/m 2
Cement screed >64 +12 +32 9.3Hz 13.2Hz 6.4Hz
15mm Plywood 124 mm
6.5Hz 9.2Hz 4.5Hz
150mm Sand/ 8.8Hz 12.4Hz 6.6Hz
359 Kg/m 2
Cement screed >76 +24 >36# 7.2Hz 10.2Hz 5.5Hz
concrete
100mm Air-gap: >77 100mm Air-gap: +25
>35 8.0Hz 11.3Hz 6.1Hz
15mm Plywood 168 mm
6.0Hz 8.5Hz 4.5Hz
150mm Insitu 8.4Hz 11.9Hz 6.4Hz
513 Kg/m 2
50mm Air-gap: >78 50mm Air-gap: +26
concrete
100mm Air-gap: >80 100mm Air-gap: +28
>36# 7.0Hz 10.0Hz 5.3Hz
15mm Plywood 218 mm
5.6Hz 7.9Hz 4.2Hz
200mm Insitu 7.3Hz 10.4Hz
625 Kg/m 2
50mm Air-gap: >80 50mm Air-gap: +28
concrete
100mm Air-gap: >82 100mm Air-gap: +30
>38# 6.4Hz 9.0Hz
15mm Plywood 268 mm
5.2Hz 7.4Hz
For loads considered in the above table, ADL = DL + 33% LL, LL = 5kN/m2
Damping 1
Natural
Whilst low-stiffness natural rubber has the best combination of physical Synthetic
properties for use in building vibration isolation, low-hardness grades
Amplitude
have very little inherent damping (similar is true for springs which have 0 Time
essentially no natural damping). For applications where damping is
required, we have a range of high-stiffness natural and synthetic nitrile
based elastomeric isolators. Fig 8.2
-1
www.farrat.com 9
Isolator Properties
DEFLECTION NATURAL FREQUENCY
KEY
(all graphs p9)
25mm 50mm 25mm 50mm
IMNR 44
IMNR 50
IMNR 70
COIL SPRINGS
This is a small selection of the spring units we have available. If you require BxC
something that is not listed here please contact us on +44 (0)161 924 1600
10 Farrat Floating Floor Systems
Design Considerations
Fig 10.1
A very high level of sound insulation performance can still be achieved with
this method.
Fig 10.2
For floors that are to support very heavy equipment or point loads from steel columns or raked seating supports, location of these additional
loads would need to be planned in advance so that the isolators can be installed in the correct position.
The acoustic performance of our floating floor systems is so high that incorporating mineral wool in the
cavity only has a very small effect on the overall sound insulation. However mineral wool can play an
important factor in boosting the low frequency performance of a lightweight floating floor.
Under most circumstances, having 50% of the cavity filled with mineral wool increases the airborne
and impact sound insulation by 1dB (in terms of overall Rw). When the cavity is 100% filled, this
increases to 2dB, however for lightweight floors a performance increase of up to 6dB at
100Hz can be achieved.
The density of the mineral wool has very little effect, as the mineral wool acts as a sound absorber
of reverberation in the cavity, rather than being effective as a barrier.
Care must be taken when planning to install mineral wool at a stage of the program which could result in it getting wet and trapping moisture
under the floating floor.
6
16Hz: ∆Rw ∆Lw
16Hz ‘High’ frequency floating floor
5 Performance increase provided
by fully filling cavity with mineral
wool insulation. 8Hz: ∆Rw ∆Lw
4 8Hz ‘Low’ frequency floating floor
(dB)
2
No discernible difference
above 500Hz
1
0
100 125 160 200 250 315 400 500 630 800 1000
Frequency (Hz)
Air-Gap Stiffening
When the volume of air in the cavity is low in relation to the surface area of the floating element above it, a phenomenon occurs called ‘air-gap stiffening’.
As the floating element vibrates, it compresses the air in the cavity, which causes it to behave more like a solid than a gas. In small rooms, the effect is
generally negligible, however in large rooms, the effect can significantly undermine the acoustic performance of the floor.
The results of our acoustic testing show that air-gaps less than 35mm should be avoided to reduce the likelihood of encountering air-gap stiffening
unless venting can be incorporated without compromising the acoustic performance. Where very dense insulation (>45Kg/m3) is being used, it displaces
air in the cavity, reducing the available air volume. Therefore an air-gap in addition to the depth of the insulation should be allowed.
For the most efficient and effective solutions, increasing the air-gap ∆RW / ∆Lw (Approx) -4 / -8 -/- +2 / +4 +4 / +7 +6 / +9
and decreasing the natural frequency should be done in tandem:
Decreasing the natural frequency can be achieved by: Increasing the air-gap can be achieved by:
❫ Adding mass to the floating element ❫ Thicker isolators
❫ Smaller / softer isolators ❫ Packers incorporated with the isolators
❫ Wider spacing of isolators ❫ Joists on top of the isolators
For a more advanced specification (e.g. to be included in an NBS specification), more detail is usually required. This would normally include:
❫ The natural frequency the floor should achieve Farrat has extensive experience in specifying and designing floating
at a given load case: floors for all manner of situations. We would be happy to contribute this
eg: Maximum 12Hz @ Dead Load + 20% Live Load experience and provide you with assistance free of charge.
Installation
AcouStruct Ltd is Farrat's sister company. It is a specialist contracting company
set up to act as a high quality installer of Farrat Acoustic Floating Floors and other
structural vibration isolation systems.
Sustainability
Farrat and AcouStruct take sustainability and environmental
responsibility very seriously. AcouStruct is Carbon SmartTM certified,
with a carbon foot print of 129.96 tonnes CO2e. Efforts are underway
to reduce this even further.
Fig Mark out grid lines for Jack-Up boxes, then place
16.2
clear damp proof membrane (DPM) (either 1
layer of 1000gms or 2 layers of 500gms laid at
90o to each other) as a bond breaker under and
around all edge faces of a jacked-up slab.
❫ All joints are to be overlapped by at least.
300mm and taped using min. 50mm wide
specialist DPM joint line tape.
❫ DPM must be fitted neatly into corners
and edges to avoid localised slab thickness
reductions.
1 3
Fig Create concrete upstands or grout pedestals to
18.1
complement the height of the acoustic bearings
(which will depend on the natural frequency
required and the bearing type selected), and the
steel section thickness to form the desired air-
gap.
1 3
❫ Place the bearings on a grout bed to achieve
the exact levels required.
❫ Bearings should be level to within +/-3mm
across floor area to avoid uneven load
distribution.
❫ Bearing sizes may vary depending on the
2 4at each point.
loading
Alternatively, place bearings on steel packers to
be grouted in after steel sections are installed
and levelled but before precast planks are
installed. The bearings must have a full, level and
flat seating surface.
2 4
Fig Place the steel sections and adjust levels if
18.2
required. Install temporary bracing to keep the
steel sections in place and correctly orientated
during the rest of the construction.
Using steel sections provides a full contact
support and allows for more secure sealing
along the edges of the precast slabs. In some
circumstances it may be possible to reduce the
cost of this system by just having a steel plate on
top of each bearing to support the precast planks.
Case Study - Milton Court, The Heron ❫ 608 seat world class
concert hall
❫ 227 seat theatre,
The Milton Court project was part of a major redevelopment by the Guildhall School of Music and Drama further theatres,
to expand its City of London facilities. Part of the Heron development which also includes residential rehearsal rooms &
accommodation, the lower floors of the scheme house the school's new facilities. Due to the complexity of the a TV studio suite
steel design, acoustically isolating each area was vital.
❫ Over 1,310
Farrat designed and manufactured low frequency laminated natural rubber bearing assemblies which would support elastometric bearings
the internal steel box structure and precast floating floors. The rehearsal studios and gyms at basement level were & pads
addressed in the form of box in box designs containing a built up Jack-Up floor. Farrat also specified and supplied ❫ Both Jack-Up & pre-
specialist acoustic pads, washers and bushes to suit a wide range of pressures as well as thermal break connections. cast floating floors
designed to fn = 9Hz
www.farrat.com 19
3
Fig Place precast planks onto steel sections, keeping
19.1
all joint gaps to a minimum. Planks may need to
be pre-designed or cut on site to fit around any
intruding structures such as columns or angles in
perimeter walls.
Farrat can provide Isofoam to create a resilient 3
but acoustically sealed interface between isolated
and non-isolated structures.
❫ Seal all perimeter edges of the precast slabs to
avoid concrete overspill.
Pre-cast slabs can include reinforcement loops to
tie into concrete if required.
4
4
Fig Construct perimeter formwork if required and
19.2
pour concrete slab.
❫ Pour concrete carefully at perimeter edges and
around protrusions through the slab to prevent
bridging caused by overspill.
Global experts in
Vibration Control,
Thermal Isolation &
Precision Levelling Solutions
for Construction, Industry
& Power Generation
Farrat Isolevel Ltd Balmoral Road, Altrincham, Cheshire, WA15 8HJ, England, UK Company Registration Number (England): 635283
T. +44 (0) 161 924 1600 F. +44 (0) 161 924 1616 VAT Registration Number: GB 145 9515 50
Company Directors: O. Farrell, A. Farrell, R.J. Farrell, H.J. Farrell, G.H. Farrell
E. sales@farrat.com www.farrat.com