For d1/do < 0.1383, the flow situation is sketched in Fig. 17.15. For d1/do > 0.

1383, the point

E2 is always located upstream of the origin and the flow pattern is illustrated in Fig. 17.17.

Application
This demonstrates that the intersection of the forward characteristics issuing from the initial
charac- teristics with the horizontal free surface behind the positive surge (i.e. point E2, Fig.
17.15) is at the origin (x = 0) if and only if:

d1
= 0.1383
do

Solution
In the limiting case for which the point E2 is at the origin, the water depth and velocity at the
origin are, respectively: